Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Armed Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report
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REGULAR FORCE FORCE VERSION REPORT FINAL REPORT | SEPTEMBER | MONTH DAY 2016 TBC, 2016 CANADIAN ARMED FORCES Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of CanadianCanadian Forces Armed Personnel Forces Personnel 20132013//22014014 Regular Force Report Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report Conducted by the Epidemiology Section, Directorate Force Health Protection Canadian Forces Health Services Group Headquarters Principal Investigator Reviewers Barbara Strauss Dr. Gregory Banta Col Marc Bilodeau Authors LCol Serge Blier François Thériault Maj Trevor Bradshaw Karyn Gabler Kim Bulger Kiyuri Naicker Dr. Maureen Carew Deanne Chafe Editors Col Andrew Downes Barbara Strauss LCol Brenda Joy Dr. Jeff Whitehead Lucie Laferriere Pierre Lamontagne Survey Development Lucy MacDonald Robert Hawes Dr. Maurica Maher Luisa Valbuena Col Scott Malcolm Dr. Darrell Menard Statistical Support Julie Riopel-Meunier Lori Stratychuk (Statistics Canada) Capt(N) Roland Young Dr. Mark Zamorski Administrative Support Sonja Macheta Karen McEvoy-Perrault Debbie Watkins © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2016 Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report Acknowledgements We would like to thank all Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel who took the time to complete the Health and Lifestyle Information Survey. It was only through your efforts that we were able to provide information on the health status of CAF personnel that will be used to direct policies and programs aimed at improving the health and well-being of all CAF personnel. Suggested Citation Thériault, F.L., Gabler, K., & Naicker, K. (2016). Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Armed Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report. B.A. Strauss & J. Whitehead (Eds.), Ottawa, Canada: Department of National Defence. SGR-2016-002 i Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report This page has been intentionally left blank Your health Our mission Votre santé Notre mission ii SGR-2016-002 Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report Abstract Introduction: The Health and Lifestyle Information Survey (HLIS) is a quadrennial population-based survey that provides a snapshot of the current health status of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel. The survey captures data on a broad range of health and lifestyle factors, including health care utilization and satisfaction. Data from the survey is used to monitor and improve the health and well-being of CAF personnel by guiding program and policy development to sustain a healthy, fit, and deployable military force. Methods: In 2013, 4,312 Regular Force personnel were randomly selected from a population of 56,574 personnel to complete a paper-based mail survey. The sample size was calculated to estimate health indicators within a +/- 3% margin of error by sex and rank at a 95% level of confidence. Data were weighted to reflect the age, sex, and rank distribution of the 2013 Regular Force. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and regression techniques were used to establish statistical significance at the 95% confidence level between key demographic variables and the outcome of interest. Direct standardization to the 2013 Regular Force population was used to compare estimates between previous surveys conducted in 2004 and 2008/9. Results: The adjusted response rate was 60%. Encouraging trends were noted for smoking and physical activity. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 23.0% in 2008/9 to 17.6% in 2013/14 and the percentage of physically active CAF personnel increased from 78.7% in 2008/9 to 85.2% in 2013/14. Conversely, indicators of poor diet were also noted. In 2013/14, a greater percentage of Regular Force personnel were obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) than personnel in 2004 (25.0% vs. 20.2% respectively). Additionally, in 2013/14 only 28.7% of personnel ate vegetables and fruits more than six times per day (a proxy used for servings). A significant increase in the annual rate of repetitive strain injuries was noted from 22.6% in 2008/9 to 32.3% in 2013/14 with musculoskeletal injury cited by personnel as the most common reason for being unable to deploy in the past two years. Conditions that were unchanged from 2008/9 included: the prevalence of mental health conditions, acute injuries, the percentage of personnel who engaged in harmful drinking, and self-rated health. Conclusion: Findings from the Regular Force HLIS 2013/14 indicate some encouraging trends in the health of CAF personnel as well as some challenges. Areas requiring further investigation that could enhance the health of CAF personnel include: obesity, diet, repetitive strain injuries, and alcohol use. Keywords: Alcohol; behavioural risk factors; chronic conditions; cross-sectional survey; deployment health; depression; diet; health behaviours; health care satisfaction; health care use; health promotion; health status; injuries; mental health; military; nutrition; obesity; occupational health; overweight; physical activity; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); preventive health care; psychological distress; screening; substance use; suicide; tobacco; women’s health. SGR-2016-002 iii Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report This page has been intentionally left blank Your health Our mission Votre santé Notre mission iv SGR-2016-002 Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report Executive Summary The Health and Lifestyle Information Survey (HLIS) is a population-based health survey conducted every four to five years to monitor the health status of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel. The results help guide the development and evaluation of policies and programs aimed at sustaining a healthy and deployable force. The HLIS 2013/14 is the fourth iteration in a series of successive surveys conducted after major revisions in 2000. The HLIS 2013/14 was sent to a random sample of 4,314 Regular Force personnel drawn from a population of 56,574. After adjusting for undeliverable surveys, the response rate was 60%. The data were weighted to the 2013 Regular Force population; hence, the estimates presented in this report represent population estimates of the Regular Force. Only statistically significant differences are presented in this report. As well, the estimated prevalence for some conditions presented in this report are part of a validated scale used to screen/flag individuals for possible conditions requiring further follow-up and do not represent clinical diagnoses. Health Status Overall Health Status: The self-rated health of Regular Force personnel was unchanged from 2004 to 2013/14 with 94% of personnel reporting that their health was either excellent, very good, or good. Health-Related Activity Limitation: Limitations to vigorous activity due to health reasons were reported by 38.8% of Regular Force personnel, although only 8.1% were limited a lot. The percentage of personnel with limitations to vigorous activity due to health reasons was unchanged from 2008/9. Time Away from Work: Nearly 20% of Regular Force personnel had missed at least one day of work in the month prior to completing the survey because of their own illness, or disability from an injury. Overall, 38,113 work days were lost due to health related absenteeism in the month preceding questionnaire completion. The monthly estimate translates into approximately eight work days lost because of illness or disability or injuries per year, for each individual serving in the Regular Force in 2013/14. Chronic Conditions: Overall, 52.4% of Regular Force personnel reported having a chronic condition diagnosed by a health professional. This percent was unchanged from 2004 and 2008/9. As reported in 2008/9, musculoskeletal problems accounted for an important portion of the chronic disease burden among Regular Force personnel. In 2013/14, the most prevalent diagnosed chronic conditions among Regular Force personnel were: lower limb muscle or joint problems (18.1%); back problems (16.2%); and upper limb muscle or joint problems (11.4%). Mental and Social Wellness Mental Health Services Utilization: The percentage (17.1%) of Regular Force personnel who consulted with a health professional about a mental health problem in the last 12 months was unchanged from 2008/9 but was higher than in 2004. Similarly, the percentage (14.7%) of Regular Force personnel who perceived a need for mental health care but did not receive it in the last 12 months was unchanged from 2008/9. In 2013/14, the most commonly cited reasons for not receiving needed mental health care were: prefer to manage the SGR-2016-002 v Health and Lifestyle Information Survey of Canadian Forces Personnel 2013/2014 – Regular Force Report problem alone, afraid of repercussions on military career, and afraid to ask for help. The reasons cited for not receiving needed mental health care continue to highlight the stigma associated with seeking mental health care. Of note, Regular Force personnel who screened positive for a mental health condition were more likely to have sought mental health care in the last 12 months; however, an important percentage of personnel with mental health problems did not seek mental health care in the last 12 months. As an example, only 60% of personnel who seriously contemplated suicide in the last 12 months sought mental health care during that time. In 2004, this percentage was even lower. Only 44% of personnel who seriously considered suicide in the last 12 months sought mental health care during the same time period. Intimate Relationships: Among Regular Force personnel who had been involved in a romantic relationship in the last 12 months, 5.8% reported inflicting some type of physical or sexual abuse on their partner during that period and 9.9% of Regular Force personnel reported being physically or sexually abused by their partner at that time.