Prayers for Healing Does God Change His “Mind”?
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And Abiogenesis
Historical Development of the Distinction between Bio- and Abiogenesis. Robert B. Sheldon NASA/MSFC/NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL, USA ABSTRACT Early greek philosophers laid the philosophical foundations of the distinction between bio and abiogenesis, when they debated organic and non-organic explanations for natural phenomena. Plato and Aristotle gave organic, or purpose-driven explanations for physical phenomena, whereas the materialist school of Democritus and Epicurus gave non-organic, or materialist explanations. These competing schools have alternated in popularity through history, with the present era dominated by epicurean schools of thought. Present controversies concerning evidence for exobiology and biogenesis have many aspects which reflect this millennial debate. Therefore this paper traces a selected history of this debate with some modern, 20th century developments due to quantum mechanics. It ¯nishes with an application of quantum information theory to several exobiology debates. Keywords: Biogenesis, Abiogenesis, Aristotle, Epicurus, Materialism, Information Theory 1. INTRODUCTION & ANCIENT HISTORY 1.1. Plato and Aristotle Both Plato and Aristotle believed that purpose was an essential ingredient in any scienti¯c explanation, or teleology in philosophical nomenclature. Therefore all explanations, said Aristotle, answer four basic questions: what is it made of, what does it represent, who made it, and why was it made, which have the nomenclature material, formal, e±cient and ¯nal causes.1 This aristotelean framework shaped the terms of the scienti¯c enquiry, invisibly directing greek science for over 500 years. For example, \organic" or \¯nal" causes were often deemed su±cient to explain natural phenomena, so that a rock fell when released from rest because it \desired" its own kind, the earth, over unlike elements such as air, water or ¯re. -
Kenosis and Nature
from John Polkinghorne, ed., The Work of Love: Creation as Kenosis. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. Eeerdmans Publishing Co., and London: SPCK, 2001, pp. 43-65. Kenosis and Nature HOLMES ROLSTON, III Every commonplace detail of nature, every stone and tree, includes an immense richness and variety of lesser detail: in every fragment of it a thousand million lesser fragments cohere and interact. Loves Endeavour, Love's Expense, p. 84 Unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit. John 12:24 1. Selfish Genes, Selfish Organisms, and Survival of the Fittest If one compares the general worldview of biology with that of theology, it first seems that there is only stark contrast. To move from Darwinian na- ture to Christian theology, one will have to change the sign of natural his- tory, from selfish genes to suffering love. Theologians also hold that, in regeneration, humans with their sinful natures must be reformed to lives that are more altruistic, also requiring a change of sign. But the problem lies deeper; all of biological nature can seem to run counter to what Jesus teaches: that one ought to lay down one s life for others. In nature, there is no altruism, much less kenosis. 43 HOLMES ROLSTON, III Life, coded by the genes, is always encapsulated in particular organ- isms. In biology we find, at once and pervasively, the organism as a bounded somatic "self" — something quite unknown in physics, chemis- try, astronomy, meteorology, or geology. The general Darwinian interpre- tive framework moves from the coding genes to the coping organisms and sees organisms so constituted genetically that self-interested (typically la- beled "selfish") behavior is inevitable. -
Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse*
Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse* Mario Livio Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA E-mail: [email protected] and Martin J. Rees Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The physical processes that determine the properties of our everyday world, and of the wider cosmos, are determined by some key numbers: the ‘constants’ of micro-physics and the parameters that describe the expanding universe in which we have emerged. We identify various steps in the emergence of stars, planets and life that are dependent on these fundamental numbers, and explore how these steps might have been changed — or completely prevented — if the numbers were different. We then outline some cosmological models where physical reality is vastly more extensive than the ‘universe’ that astronomers observe (perhaps even involving many ‘big bangs’) — which could perhaps encompass domains governed by different physics. Although the concept of a multiverse is still speculative, we argue that attempts to determine whether it exists constitute a genuinely scientific endeavor. If we indeed inhabit a multiverse, then we may have to accept that there can be no explanation other than anthropic reasoning for some features our world. _______________________ *Chapter for the book Consolidation of Fine Tuning 1 Introduction At their fundamental level, phenomena in our universe can be described by certain laws—the so-called “laws of nature” — and by the values of some three dozen parameters (e.g., [1]). Those parameters specify such physical quantities as the coupling constants of the weak and strong interactions in the Standard Model of particle physics, and the dark energy density, the baryon mass per photon, and the spatial curvature in cosmology. -
Dr. Bill Bright
TC 11: HOW TO STUDY THE BIBLE EFFECTIVELY DR. BILL BRIGHT darkness. He knew if he lost sight of the stake—his reference point—he would quickly succumb to the ice and snow. But the fourth time, he walked right into the hut’s tunnel. Do you ever feel like you are wandering through darkness in your life? All of us feel that way at times. Circumstances can overwhelm us. Ailing parents, loss of a job, high mortgages, too many bills, family crises, sickness, and other problems can make us wonder how we will ever find our way. The world tells us STAKING OUR LIVES ON THE WORD OF GOD that we have no reference point to help us solve our Can you imagine living alone in darkness for six difficulties. Definite standards and rules are obsolete months? During his first Antarctic expedition, and intolerable. The future is unknowable and Admiral Byrd flew to the South Pole all by himself. unchangeable, so we should live it up now. He built a small hut to shelter himself from the brutal six-month-long winter night. Blasts of arctic wind But as Christians, we do have a reference point—the and biting, blowing snow buried his small hut every Bible. When we stake our lives on its teachings and night. Each day, Admiral Byrd shoveled his way to the principles, God gives us guidance on how to live. surface of the snow. When he broke through, the light When we love, trust, and obey Him and His Word, we was so dim he could see only a dozen yards. -
Numenews Winter 2014
WINTER 2014 Vol. 11, No. 2 Remembering Ian Barbour: Mentor, Colleague, Friend and Founder of Carleton’s Religion Department as Mother Teresa and the Dalai Lama. He donated most of the money to support the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. His broadly celebrated book, When Science Meets Religion: Enemies, Strangers, or Partners? (2000) synthesized and communicated much of his life work to a broader audience beyond the academy. His four models for understanding the ways science and religion have been brought in relation—conflict, independence, dialogue, integration—became staples for educators and individuals trying to engage productively in questions about evolution and faith, the impact of technology on today’s world, and the ethical resources (gleaned from both science and religion) for addressing global problems related to the environment, genetic engineering, nuclear conflict, and social justice. Though he was held in high regard among so many leading intellectuals and in many scholarly and religious associations across the In December, the religion department lost its cherished country and abroad, Ian was known for his gentle, humble demeanor, colleague, mentor, friend, and founder, Ian Barbour, Winifred and for his devotion to his local communities in Northfield, where he and Atherton Bean Professor Emeritus of Science, Technology, remained active in the First United Church of Christ, and also taught and Society, who touched the lives of so many people at and well regularly in the Cannon Valley Elder Collegium at the Northfield Senior beyond Carleton. He died on Christmas Eve at the age of 90. -
The Arrow of Time Volume 7 Paul Davies Summer 2014 Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, Journal Homepage P.O
The arrow of time Volume 7 Paul Davies Summer 2014 Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, journal homepage P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ 852871504, USA. www.euresisjournal.org [email protected] Abstract The arrow of time is often conflated with the popular but hopelessly muddled concept of the “flow” or \passage" of time. I argue that the latter is at best an illusion with its roots in neuroscience, at worst a meaningless concept. However, what is beyond dispute is that physical states of the universe evolve in time with an objective and readily-observable directionality. The ultimate origin of this asymmetry in time, which is most famously captured by the second law of thermodynamics and the irreversible rise of entropy, rests with cosmology and the state of the universe at its origin. I trace the various physical processes that contribute to the growth of entropy, and conclude that gravitation holds the key to providing a comprehensive explanation of the elusive arrow. 1. Time's arrow versus the flow of time The subject of time's arrow is bedeviled by ambiguous or poor terminology and the con- flation of concepts. Therefore I shall begin my essay by carefully defining terms. First an uncontentious statement: the states of the physical universe are observed to be distributed asymmetrically with respect to the time dimension (see, for example, Refs. [1, 2, 3, 4]). A simple example is provided by an earthquake: the ground shakes and buildings fall down. We would not expect to see the reverse sequence, in which shaking ground results in the assembly of a building from a heap of rubble. -
Evidence for God
Evidence for God (part 1 of 8): Fine Tuning of Physical Laws of Universe What is Fine Tuning? Over the past century, scientists have discovered that if certain properties of the universe were changed very slightly from what they are, we would not be here. They have to be within a very narrow range for our universe to make life possible and be habitable. The universe is fine-tuned for the existence of intelligent life with a complexity and delicacy that literally defy human comprehension. The sensitivity of the „habitability‟ of the universe to small changes is called „fine-tuning.‟ This was recognized about 60 years ago by Fred Hoyle who was not a religious person at the time he made the discovery. Scientists like Paul Davies, Martin Rees, Max Tegmark, Bernard Carr, Frank Tipler, John Barrow, and Stephen Hawking, to name a few, believe in fine-tuning. These are prominent names in cosmology as they are heard in the media whenever a news headline is made. Types of Fine-Tuning 1. Fine tuning of the laws of nature. 2. Fine-tuning of the constants of physics. 3. Fine tuning of the initial conditions of the universe. We will explore each category below: 1. Fine tuning of the laws of nature There are two ways to look at this aspect of fine-tuning: 1. Precisely the right laws are needed for highly complex life to exist. If one of these were missing, such life would not be possible. To say that the laws are fine-tuned means that the universe must have precisely the right set of laws in order for highly complex life to exist. -
Transferable Concepts
HOW TO BE SURE YOU ARE A CHRISTIAN DR. BILL BRIGHT greatest gift ever offered to man—God’s gift of love and forgiveness through Jesus Christ. Receiving Jesus TRANSFERABLE CONCEPT ONE Christ as Savior and following Him as Lord involves My experience in counseling students and laymen one’s intellect, emotions, and will. through the years since I met Christ personally has convinced me that there are thousands of good, faithful church-goers who have “received” Christ, INTELLECTUAL UNDERSTANDING but who are not sure of their salvation. Regardless In order to become a Christian or to be sure that you of how hard they try and how disciplined their are a Christian, you must have a clear intellectual efforts to please God, they are still uncertain of their understanding of what is involved. Christianity is relationship with Him. not “a blind leap of faith.” It is built upon historical fact, documented by centuries of scholarship and Why does this heartbreaking uncertainty exist among research. Many leading scholars have dedicated so many who genuinely want to know God and have their lives to investigating the life, teachings, death, sought Him for years? I am persuaded personally that resurrection, and influence of Jesus of Nazareth. As a for many people this lack of assurance is due simply result, we have more historical evidence documenting to misinformation regarding who God is, the true these events of His life than we have of the fact that meaning of the crucifixion and the resurrection, and Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. what is involved in receiving Jesus Christ as Savior. -
A Brief Look at Mathematics and Theology Philip J
Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal Issue 27 Article 14 Winter 1-1-2004 A Brief Look at Mathematics and Theology Philip J. Davis Brown University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmnj Part of the Logic and Foundations of Mathematics Commons, Mathematics Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Philip J. (2004) "A Brief Look at Mathematics and Theology," Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal: Iss. 27, Article 14. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmnj/vol1/iss27/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 A Brief Look at Mathematics and Theology Philip J. Davis "Such a really remarkable discovery. I wanted your opinion on it. You know the formula m over naught equals infinity, m being any positive number? [m/0 = ]. Well, why not reduce the equation to a simpler form by multiplying both sides by naught? In which case you have m equals infinity times naught [m = x 0]. That is to say, a positive number is the product of zero and infinity. Doesn't that demonstrate the creation of the Universe by an infinite power out of nothing? Doesn't it?" Aldous Huxley, Point Counter Point, (1928), Chapter XI. I Introduction We are living in a mathematical age. Our lives, from the personal to the communal, from the communal to the international, from the biological and physical to the economic and even to the ethical, are increasingly mathematicized. -
Panentheism and Panexperientialism for Open and Relational Theology
Panentheism and Panexperientialism for Open and Relational Theology Thomas Jay Oord and Wm. Andrew Schwartz Open and relational theologies have a particular affinity for panentheism and panexperientialism (panpsychism). These theologies come in various forms, however. And scholars propose various forms of panentheism and panexperi- entialism. Diversity reigns. We begin this essay by describing open and relational theology. We also describe panentheism and panexperientialism, broadly understood. We note reasons why open and relational theists would be attracted to each. And we argue that panentheism and panexperientialism complement one another, al- though a person could be attracted only to one. Much of the essay argues for one form of open and relational theology we think makes the best sense overall. This form includes belief in a personal/ relational God, makes distinctions between God and creatures, affirms God ev- erlastingly creates (thereby denying creatio ex nihilo), and offers a solution to the theoretical aspect of the problem of evil. Adopting panexperientialism and panentheism offers ways to overcome theoretical problems in contemporary thought, while arguably motivating adherents of the view to love (promote overall well-being). 1. Open and Relational Theology The label »open and relational theology« serves as an umbrella designation for a family of theologies.1 This family shares at least two core convictions. The »open« aspect refers to the idea that both creatures and God experience the ongoingness of time. Consequently, both God and creatures face an open, yet to be determined future. Because the future is not actual, it is inherently 1 These include theologies using labels such as open theism, process theism, various relational theologies, some Wesleyan theologies, some feminist theologies, some ecological theologies, some Arminian theologies, some postcolonial theologies, and more. -
The Emergent, Self-Explaining Universe of Paul Davies – a Summary and Christian Response
S & CB (2012), 24, 33–53 0954–4194 PAUL HIMES The Emergent, Self-explaining Universe of Paul Davies – a Summary and christian Response Physicist Paul Davies has emerged as one of the most popular scientists of the twenty-first century, despite his critique of the scientific establishment and its perceived failure to account for the origins and rational nature of the universe. Davies argues that the scientific consensus on cosmology rests on faith, both in its failure to provide an ultimate explanation for the origin of the universe and in its blind acceptance of its rational laws. As an alternative, Davies postulates an ‘emergent’ universe which contains the cause of its own existence and which renders unnecessary any sort of a personal deity. Yet Davies’s alternative falls short of providing a satisfactory cosmic explanation. Davies himself cannot adequately account for the principle of backward causation which creates his universe, and thus his paradigm still relies on a transcendent principle that remains unexplained. Furthermore, Davies’s objections against a personal god can be answered on philosophical grounds. Thus Davies’s hypothesis does not provide a superior alternative to the Christian view of God. key words: Paul Davies, physics, universe, emergent, self-causation, quantum mechanics, cosmology, time, teleology, cosmological argument, fine-tuning introduction Douglas Adams’ classic Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy tells the story of an advanced civilisation that builds a magnificent supercomputer for the sole purpose of providing the ultimate answer to the meaning of ‘life, the universe, and everything’. After millions of years of calculation, the an- swer, much to the confusion and frustration of the advanced civilisation, turns out to be ‘42’.1 Physicist Paul C. -
Debating Design from Darwin to DNA
P1: IRK 0521829496agg.xml CY335B/Dembski 0 521 82949 6 April 13, 2004 10:0 Debating Design From Darwin to DNA Edited by WILLIAM A. DEMBSKI Baylor University MICHAEL RUSE Florida State University iii P1: IRK 0521829496agg.xml CY335B/Dembski 0 521 82949 6 April 13, 2004 10:0 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB22RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press 2004 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2004 Printed in the United States of America Typeface ITC New Baskerville 10/12 pt. System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data available ISBN 0 521 82949 6 hardback iv P1: IRK 0521829496agg.xml CY335B/Dembski 0 521 82949 6 April 13, 2004 10:0 Contents Notes on Contributors page vii introduction 1. General Introduction 3 William A. Dembski and Michael Ruse 2. The Argument from Design: A Brief History 13 Michael Ruse 3. Who’s Afraid of ID? A Survey of the Intelligent Design Movement 32 Angus Menuge part i: darwinism 4.