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Jeju Haenyeo and UNESCO Voice of the Haenyeo : Gwideok Village 54 12 Introduction IUCN World Conservation Congress 56 BPW International Congress 57 14 I

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Jeju Haenyeo and UNESCO Voice of the Haenyeo : Gwideok Village 54 12 Introduction IUCN World Conservation Congress 56 BPW International Congress 57 14 I Book Ⅱ Book Ⅱ Book Ⅱ 해녀책자2-표지-최종.indd 1 2015. 5. 12. 오후 2:26 Dedication to the brave Jeju Island women divers of yesterday, today, and tomorrow Photo by Brenda Paik Sunoo Table of Contents 06 Foreword by Professor Byung-Gul Lee, II. Global Awareness of Haenyeo 50 Director of Jeju Sea Grant Center, Jeju National University 07 Acknowledgments Foreign Media and Artistic Representation 52 08 Preface : Jeju Haenyeo and UNESCO Voice of the Haenyeo : Gwideok Village 54 12 Introduction IUCN World Conservation Congress 56 BPW International Congress 57 14 I. Haenyeo Culture Voice of the Haenyeo : Woljeong Village 58 Presentation in Other Countries 60 16 Bulteok / Fire Pit Voice of the Haenyeo : Sagye Village 62 18 Voice of the Haenyeo : Jongdal Vi l lage Box Inset: Haenyeo as Native Marine Biologists 64 20 Shamanist Religion 28 Foods II. Social Implications 66 30 Songs 32 Voice of the Haenyeo : Jongdal Village Conclusion 68 34 Myths and Stories Afterword: Jeju Haenyeo: Stewards of the Sea, Book I 70 36 Significant Myths for Haenyeo Appendix 72 42 Voice of the Haenyeo : Gimnyeong Village About the Author 74 44 Trauma and Healing About the Photographers 75 49 Box Inset : Haenyeo as Freedom Fighters Foreword Acknowledgments With the publication of Book II for Haenyeo cul- vider when her husband did not return from sea. Once again, with this second book on Jeju hae- nyeo and fishing collective chief Kyung-ja Hong of ture, I really appreciate Dr. Anne Hilty for her great Haenyeo took their role without any complaints nyeo I would like to express my gratitude. Hansu Village; Shaman Sun-sil Suh of Gimnyeong work. As a writer of these Haenyeo books (Books I & and never gave up their destiny when faced with Both this book and its predecessor were commis- Jamsu-gut and Jeju Keun-gut Preservation So- II), she has laid the foundation for introducing Hae- hardship. Overcoming adversities of life became a sioned by Jeju Sea Grant Center, under the director- ciety; Shamans Yoon-su Kim and Yong-ok Lee nyeo culture to the world. Other books on Haenyeo spiritual milestone for them and this spirit became ship of Professor Byung-gul Lee and affiliated with of Chilmeoridang Yeongdeung-gut Preservation culture have been published in the past, but I think deeply rooted in Haenyeo culture as time passed. Jeju National University. Jeju Provincial Govern- Society; Soonie Kim, mythologist and former chief these are the first books that describe the compre- Haenyeo culture has always been the dominant cul- ment, Jeju Haenyeo Museum, Jeju Haenyeo Sum- of Korea Cultural Heritage Administration, Jeju hensive Haenyeo culture in such thorough detail. tural feature of Jeju, and we all are responsible for mer School, Jeju Haenyeo Festival, and especially branch; Rimhwa Han, Jeju author and researcher. Therefore, I am more than happy to help publish retaining this precious Haenyeo culture in order to The Jeju Weekly under Publisher Junghee Song, I want to especially acknowledge photojournalist these books with Dr. Hilty. I also want to thank maintain the island’s cultural identity and continu- have all contributed greatly. Brenda Paik Sunoo (US), author of “Moon Tides: the publisher of Jeju Weekly, Junghee Song, who ity. Haenyeo produced numerous traditions and My thanks once more to Dr. Chul-in Yoo, anthro- Jeju Island Grannies of the Sea” (2011), for allowing designed and edited the manuscripts and selected legacies, and we have included them in these books. pology professor of Jeju National University; Dr. her beautiful work to be represented in this book. amazing photos of working Haenyeo and beautiful Tangible heritage, including the professional aspects Hyegyoung Choa, senior researcher of Jeju Devel- Also to be thanked is documentary photogra- scenery. In these books, Jeju Haenyeo culture is and history, are written in Book I, while intangible opment Institute and formerly of Jeju Haenyeo Mu- pher Seung-eun Lee (ROK), author of “Sumbisori” well-described to help people understand the core heritage, such as songs, myths and tales as well as seum; Dr. Youngsook Han, interpreter/translator (2007). spirit of this unique women’s culture. Haenyeo cul- the living environment of Jeju, are written in Book and English instructor of Jeju National University; Above all: I owe a profound and everlasting love ture first developed in the island’s Tamna Kingdom II. I am certain that these will be essential books Senator Sunhwa Lee of Jeju Provincial Council; and gratitude to the haenyeo of Jeju Island them- era 600 years ago, along the coastal communities. to help preserve a viable, sustainable Jeju ocean Jeyon Kim, International Relations Coordinator of selves, a shining example to us all. According to cultural experts, Haenyeo culture is culture. As I conclude, I want to express once again Jeju Provincial Government; Dr. Sunyoung Hong, May they and their haenyeo ancestors live forever totally distinct from other women’s free-diving cul- my deep gratitude for Dr. Hilty and all contributors. cultural expert of Jeju Tourism Organization; hae- in our hearts. tures as Jeju haenyeo did their work for the survival Thank you. of their family. In the past, the whole family had to Professor Byung-Gul Lee, rely on Haenyeo, as she often became the sole pro- Director of Jeju Sea Grant Center Photo by Brenda Paik Sunoo 06 Jeju Haenyeo : Stewards of the Sea Foreward, Acknowledgments 07 Preface : Jeju Haenyeo and UNESCO with a 5-year plan toward UNESCO designation. tional support of Jeju’s endeavor. On December Senator Lee, who organized two forums that same 20, Jeju government formally committed to a 2014 year on the topic of haenyeo preservation and prioritization of this effort, signing a relevant MOU UNESCO recognition, has become a primary cham- just four days later with the Korean National Com- pion of this cause. From a long line of haenyeo, she mission for UNESCO. According to the UNESCO- views her efforts in relation to women’s empower- established timetable, Korea’s Cultural Heritage ment and the elevation of haenyeo from a once- Administration (CHA), with the support of the lowly position in Jeju society to one of great respect Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre for Asia and the and international renown. Pacific (ICHCAP), applied by March of 2014 toward Jeju then hosted the World Conservation Con- a 2015 inscription. gress (WCC) of the International Union for the Con- The annual cycle of UNESCO inscription includes servation of Nature (IUCN) in September of 2012, several stages over a 15-month period, for which a at which a session on Jeju haenyeo was presented nation may only submit 1 application in a category. and a motion for the preservation of Jeju haenyeo UNESCO will review a maximum of 50 applica- was elected as a resolution. That same year, Jeju tions in a cycle. In 2014, however, there were 61 haenyeo received ‘intangible cultural heritage’ status applicant nations, causing UNESCO to rank them at the national level. according to previously received inscriptions. This Jeju government announced in late 2013 that eliminated China (topping out with 37 inscriptions), "We go to the Underworld...to Save our Kids." Photo by Brenda Paik Sunoo. it would formally seek UNESCO designation for Japan (second, with 22) and Korea (at third with the cultural practices of Jeju haenyeo (free-diving 16); those 50 countries accepted for review all have NOTE: The primary purpose for these two were ‘Anti-Japanese Resistance, Cultural Heritage, women). The timetable for the UNESCO application 7 or fewer. Korea also has 26 pending applications, books, support of the bid for UNESCO inscription Ocean Civilization’ (2006), ‘Sustainable Develop- was accelerated in large part due to an unofficial dating back to 2010. (Inscription of intangible cul- of Jeju haenyeo culture as Intangible Cultural Her- ment; Safeguarding of Work and Heritage’ (2007), competition between Korea and Japan, which also tural heritage began in 2008, and the limit of one itage of Humanity, was comprehensively described ‘Haenyeo and Ama [divers in Japan]: Intangible seeks such recognition for its ‘ama’ diving women. per year was only recently imposed.) The haenyeo in Book I. Due to its deep signficance, however, for Cultural Heritage’ (2008), ‘UNESCO Representa- Japan has organized an assembly of 8 prefectures application, therefore, is on hold at the time of this the preservation of this unique and nearly extinct tive List; Safeguarding Measures’ (2009) and ‘Issues, with active ‘ama’ communities, notably those of Mie writing, eligible for consideration once again in the set of cultural practices, the original description is Prospects of Cultural Transmission’ (2010). The and Ishikawa with which Jeju haenyeo maintain following year. Application to UNESCO’s ‘Urgent reprinted here in its entirety. 2009 symposium saw the participation of Professor cultural exchange; while they offered to apply jointly Safeguarding List’, for what the organization deems William Logan of Deakin University (AU), Interna- for both Korean and Japanese divers, Korea deter- ‘emergency situations (culture)’, is in consideration Jeju Province was designated as a Special Self- tional Expert for UNESCO since 1986, who spoke mined to file separately. Jeju generally maintains by Jeju officials; according to UNESCO, however, Governing Province on July 1, 2006, the first and eloquently on the value of Jeju haenyeo. a belief that Japanese ‘ama’ represent migratory or this category is reserved for heritage in ‘imminent as yet only such in the Korean Republic. That same In 2011, Jeju government formed a committee for ‘chulga’ haenyeo, who are also known to have mi- danger of extinction’. year, the first forum for the UNESCO designa- the preservation of haenyeo culture, headed by the grated to mainland Korea, China, parts of Southeast In addition to Jeju’s UNESCO recognitions of tion of Jeju haenyeo was held, organized by Jeju vice governor of economy and environment with Asia, and Vladivostok, Russia.
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