Basic Laboratory Tests Complete Blood Counts (CBC)
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Case Report Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis in Association with Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Hindawi Case Reports in Hematology Volume 2018, Article ID 6928571, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6928571 Case Report Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis in Association with Pure Red Cell Aplasia Dhauna Karam ,1,2 Sean Swiatkowski,1,2 Mamata Ravipati,1,2 and Bharat Agrawal1,2 1Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA 2Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, 3001 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Dhauna Karam; [email protected] Received 13 March 2018; Revised 20 May 2018; Accepted 20 June 2018; Published 8 July 2018 Academic Editor: H˚akon Reikvam Copyright © 2018 Dhauna Karam et al. )is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM) is characterized by mast cell accumulation in systemic organs. )ough ASM may be associated with other hematological disorders, the association with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is rare and has not been reported. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a syndrome, characterized by normochromic normocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and severe erythroid hypoplasia. )e myeloid and megakaryocytic cell lines usually remain normal. Here, we report an unusual case of ASM, presenting in association with PRCA and the management challenges. 1. Introduction and active person; he enjoyed biking and rollerblading. )e above symptoms were very unusual for him. )e patient Aggressive systemic mastocytosis is a rare disorder char- reported intermittent episodes of epistaxis, 3-4 times a week acterized by abnormal accumulation of mast cells in bone since the past month, lasting for a few minutes. -
The Hematological Complications of Alcoholism
The Hematological Complications of Alcoholism HAROLD S. BALLARD, M.D. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. For example, heavy alcohol consumption can cause generalized suppression of blood cell production and the production of structurally abnormal blood cell precursors that cannot mature into functional cells. Alcoholics frequently have defective red blood cells that are destroyed prematurely, possibly resulting in anemia. Alcohol also interferes with the production and function of white blood cells, especially those that defend the body against invading bacteria. Consequently, alcoholics frequently suffer from bacterial infections. Finally, alcohol adversely affects the platelets and other components of the blood-clotting system. Heavy alcohol consumption thus may increase the drinker’s risk of suffering a stroke. KEY WORDS: adverse drug effect; AODE (alcohol and other drug effects); blood function; cell growth and differentiation; erythrocytes; leukocytes; platelets; plasma proteins; bone marrow; anemia; blood coagulation; thrombocytopenia; fibrinolysis; macrophage; monocyte; stroke; bacterial disease; literature review eople who abuse alcohol1 are at both direct and indirect. The direct in the number and function of WBC’s risk for numerous alcohol-related consequences of excessive alcohol increases the drinker’s risk of serious Pmedical complications, includ- consumption include toxic effects on infection, and impaired platelet produc- ing those affecting the blood (i.e., the the bone marrow; the blood cell pre- tion and function interfere with blood cursors; and the mature red blood blood cells as well as proteins present clotting, leading to symptoms ranging in the blood plasma) and the bone cells (RBC’s), white blood cells from a simple nosebleed to bleeding in marrow, where the blood cells are (WBC’s), and platelets. -
The Use of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) to Classify the Anemia As
The Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Thalassemia Trait among Children: Experience at Prince Rashed Bin Al- Hassan Military Hospital Zuhair Nusair MD*, Abdelrazzaq Al-Wraikat MD**, Nazih Abu Al-Shiekh MD**, Sameer Kofahi MD^, Mohammad Zoubi MD^ ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait among children attending the Pediatric Department at Prince Rashed Bin Al-Hassan Military Hospital in the North of Jordan. Methods: This hospital based study was conducted in the year 2008 on 1,012 children aged 6 months to 14 years who attended the Pediatric Department at Prince Rashed Bin Al-Hassan Military Hospital in North of Jordan using fully automated blood count of the mean corpuscular volume, serum ferritin level and high performance liquid chromography, or genotyping. None of the subjects included in the study had been on any hematinic in the previous six months, had infection in the past one month or had a chronic disease. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was defined as mean corpuscular volume ≤ mean – 1 standard deviation corrected for age, with a ferritin level < 7 ng/ml of the serum (normal reference range 7 – 140 ng/ml). The diagnosis of thalassemia trait, for subjects with normal or high serum ferritin and those whose mean corpuscular volume was non-compliant to iron therapy, was obtained by high performance liquid chromography or polymerase chain reaction, which was performed at Princess Eman Research and Laboratory Science Center. Results: The frequency of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait was 13.3% and 5.8% respectively. They were equally frequent among males and females. -
The Role of Macrophages in Erythropoiesis and Erythrophagocytosis
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector REVIEW published: 02 February 2017 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00073 From the Cradle to the Grave: The Role of Macrophages in Erythropoiesis and Erythrophagocytosis Thomas R. L. Klei†, Sanne M. Meinderts†, Timo K. van den Berg and Robin van Bruggen* Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process where sequential events ensure the proper differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into, ultimately, red blood cells (RBCs). Macrophages in the bone marrow play an important role in hematopoiesis by providing signals that induce differentiation and proliferation of the earliest committed erythroid progenitors. Subsequent differentiation toward the erythroblast stage is accompanied by the formation of so-called erythroblastic islands where a central macrophage provides further cues to induce erythroblast differentiation, expansion, and hemoglobinization. Edited by: Robert F. Paulson, Finally, erythroblasts extrude their nuclei that are phagocytosed by macrophages Pennsylvania State University, USA whereas the reticulocytes are released into the circulation. While in circulation, RBCs Reviewed by: slowly accumulate damage that is repaired by macrophages of the spleen. Finally, after Xinjian Chen, 120 days of circulation, senescent RBCs are removed from the circulation by splenic and University of Utah, USA Reinhard Obst, liver macrophages. Macrophages are thus important for RBCs throughout their lifespan. Ludwig Maximilian University of Finally, in a range of diseases, the delicate interplay between macrophages and both Munich, Germany developing and mature RBCs is disturbed. Here, we review the current knowledge on *Correspondence: Robin van Bruggen the contribution of macrophages to erythropoiesis and erythrophagocytosis in health [email protected] and disease. -
Complete Blood Count in Primary Care
Complete Blood Count in Primary Care bpac nz better medicine Editorial Team bpacnz Tony Fraser 10 George Street Professor Murray Tilyard PO Box 6032, Dunedin Clinical Advisory Group phone 03 477 5418 Dr Dave Colquhoun Michele Cray free fax 0800 bpac nz Dr Rosemary Ikram www.bpac.org.nz Dr Peter Jensen Dr Cam Kyle Dr Chris Leathart Dr Lynn McBain Associate Professor Jim Reid Dr David Reith Professor Murray Tilyard Programme Development Team Noni Allison Rachael Clarke Rebecca Didham Terry Ehau Peter Ellison Dr Malcolm Kendall-Smith Dr Anne Marie Tangney Dr Trevor Walker Dr Sharyn Willis Dave Woods Report Development Team Justine Broadley Todd Gillies Lana Johnson Web Gordon Smith Design Michael Crawford Management and Administration Kaye Baldwin Tony Fraser Kyla Letman Professor Murray Tilyard Distribution Zane Lindon Lyn Thomlinson Colleen Witchall All information is intended for use by competent health care professionals and should be utilised in conjunction with © May 2008 pertinent clinical data. Contents Key points/purpose 2 Introduction 2 Background ▪ Haematopoiesis - Cell development 3 ▪ Limitations of reference ranges for the CBC 4 ▪ Borderline abnormal results must be interpreted in clinical context 4 ▪ History and clinical examination 4 White Cells ▪ Neutrophils 5 ▪ Lymphocytes 9 ▪ Monocytes 11 ▪ Basophils 12 ▪ Eosinophils 12 ▪ Platelets 13 Haemoglobin and red cell indices ▪ Low haemoglobin 15 ▪ Microcytic anaemia 15 ▪ Normocytic anaemia 16 ▪ Macrocytic anaemia 17 ▪ High haemoglobin 17 ▪ Other red cell indices 18 Summary Table 19 Glossary 20 This resource is a consensus document, developed with haematology and general practice input. We would like to thank: Dr Liam Fernyhough, Haematologist, Canterbury Health Laboratories Dr Chris Leathart, GP, Christchurch Dr Edward Theakston, Haematologist, Diagnostic Medlab Ltd We would like to acknowledge their advice, expertise and valuable feedback on this document. -
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) As a Predictor of Iron Deficiency in Infants
Pediatr. Res. 16: 168-170 (1982) Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) as a Predictor of Iron Deficiency in Infants G. J. KNIGHT, H. DE V. HEESE,"'' W. S. DEMPSTER, AND G. KIRSTEN Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa Summary an infant population. Their interpretation during childhood is further compounded by factors such as age and periods of rapid Hematologic variables were measured in 240 apparently healthy growth. To overcome some of these difficulties, various combi- infants ranging from 1-12 months of age attending a well baby nations of tests have been suggested to assist in the diagnosis of clinic. There were 20 infants for each month of age. Hematologic mild iron deficiency (3, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14). In our hands they have parameters were measured in each infant by Coulter Counter not proved satisfactory and their cost prohibitive in a developing Model S. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, free erythrocyte country. protoporphyrin (FEP) and serum ferritin levels were measured in A statistical exercise was embarked upon to establish the most most infants. Their weights together with their serum iron, total useful single hematologic parameter for the assessment of the iron iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin were judged to be inde- status of an infant. It formed part of a study to determine the pendent variables of iron status, whereas the hematologic variables prevalence of iron deficiency anemia during infancy in a com- were considered to be response variables indicative of iron status. -
Complete Blood Count
Print Entire Test Page 1 of 6 Close Window email this page print this page Complete Blood Count Also known as: CBC, Hemogram, CBC with differential Related tests: Blood smear, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Red blood cell (RBC) count, White blood cell (WBC) count, White blood cell differential count, Platelet count At A Glance Why get tested? To determine general health status and to screen for a variety of disorders, such as anemia and infection When to get tested? As part of a routine medical exam or as determined by your doctor Sample required? A blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm or a fingerstick or heelstick (newborns) The Test Sample What is being tested? The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is an automated count of the cells in the blood. It provides information about the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet populations present. This information includes the number, type, size, shape, and some of the physical characteristics of the cells. In only a minute or two, the hematology instrument (the machine that is used to run the test) can measure thousands of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets and compare them against established normal ranges. Any abnormalities found are noted, and the clinical laboratory scientist (CLS) running the instrument then uses his or her expertise and experience to accept the automated findings and/or to target the sample for further analysis. In most cases, the automated CBC is very accurate and the test is complete at this point. If, however, there are significant abnormalities in one or more of the cell populations, a blood smear test may be performed. -
Blood and Immunity
Chapter Ten BLOOD AND IMMUNITY Chapter Contents 10 Pretest Clinical Aspects of Immunity Blood Chapter Review Immunity Case Studies Word Parts Pertaining to Blood and Immunity Crossword Puzzle Clinical Aspects of Blood Objectives After study of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Describe the composition of the blood plasma. 7. Identify and use roots pertaining to blood 2. Describe and give the functions of the three types of chemistry. blood cells. 8. List and describe the major disorders of the blood. 3. Label pictures of the blood cells. 9. List and describe the major disorders of the 4. Explain the basis of blood types. immune system. 5. Define immunity and list the possible sources of 10. Describe the major tests used to study blood. immunity. 11. Interpret abbreviations used in blood studies. 6. Identify and use roots and suffixes pertaining to the 12. Analyse several case studies involving the blood. blood and immunity. Pretest 1. The scientific name for red blood cells 5. Substances produced by immune cells that is . counteract microorganisms and other foreign 2. The scientific name for white blood cells materials are called . is . 6. A deficiency of hemoglobin results in the disorder 3. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are involved in called . 7. A neoplasm involving overgrowth of white blood 4. The white blood cells active in adaptive immunity cells is called . are the . 225 226 ♦ PART THREE / Body Systems Other 1% Proteins 8% Plasma 55% Water 91% Whole blood Leukocytes and platelets Formed 0.9% elements 45% Erythrocytes 10 99.1% Figure 10-1 Composition of whole blood. -
Flow Cytometry Reticulocyte Counting Using Acridine Orange: Validation of a New Protocol Contagem De Reticulócitos Por Citometria De Fluxo Utilizando
ORIGINAL ARTICLE J Bras Patol Med Lab, v. 50, n. 3, p. 189-199, junho 2014 Flow cytometry reticulocyte counting using acridine orange: validation of a new protocol Contagem de reticulócitos por citometria de fluxo utilizando acridine orange: validação de um novo protocolo 10.5935/1676-2444.20140014 Karina Augusta Viana1; Maria das Graças Carvalho2; Luci Maria Sant’Ana Dusse3; Aline Caldeira Fernandes4; Renato Sathler Avelar5; Danielle Marquete Vitelli Avelar6; Beatriz Carvalho7; Claudia Maria Franco Ribeiro8; Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli9; Andrea Teixeira10; Olindo Assis Martins Filho11 ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, the reticulocyte counting is a challenge for clinical laboratories in Brazil, mainly for the ordinary ones, which still use the manual method. This method has some limitations, since it consists of a laborious method, time consuming, with low accuracy. Objectives: This study has developed and evaluated the performance of a New Laboratory Protocol for flow cytometry (FC) reticulocytes counting using acridine orange (AO) as dye, aiming to standardize a more precise, easy, fast implementation, and low cost protocol. After standardization of the New Protocol (FC/AO), it was compared with the manual method. The results were analyzed according to the recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), now known as Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), to evaluate the interchangeability of methods in linear regression analysis and paired t test, besides other quality control tests. Conclusion: Based on these results concerning to the correlation between the methods and the tests related to quality control, we can admit that FC/AO for reticulocyte counting shows undeniable advantages when compared to the preexisting manual method. -
News to Digest Health Tips from Your Gastroenterologist
News to Digest Health tips from your Gastroenterologist... (412) 262-1000 www.gihealth.com What is a Complete Blood Count (CBC) ? by Robert Fusco, MD Okay, you have just seen your family doctor for a checkup. As you leave the CELL TYPE ABBREV. FUNCTION office, the nurse says the doctor wants you Red Blood Cell RBC carries oxygen to have some blood tests as part of your White Blood Cell WBC fights infection exam. She hands you a laboratory form Platelets PLT clots blood cryptically marked “CMP and CBC.” What Endoscopy Center do these strange acronyms mean? Very The bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue simply, the CMP blood test evaluates the found in the center of the large bones. All Excellence Award many chemical compounds found in the cells made in the bone marrow start out Our doctors are proud liquid portion of your blood while the CBC as a single kind of cell called a stem cell. to announce that Three evaluates the blood cells themselves. Depending on what type of cell the body needs, a stem cell can become one of three Rivers Endoscopy Cen- Your cells need oxygen major types of blood cells: a red cell, a ter (TREC) is recipient The human body is made up of billions white cell, or a cell that makes platelets. of the Endoscopy Unit of small cells that are grouped together in Blood cells must be mature to carry out Recognition Award by the various specialized organs such as the their jobs properly. The Complete Blood the American Society for lungs, heart, and liver These cells work Count (CBC) is a tool your doctor uses to Gastrointestinal Endos- behind the scenes 24/7 to keep you healthy evaluate these three types of cells in your copy (ASGE). -
Essential Omega-3 Fatty Acids Tune Microglial Phagocytosis of Synaptic Elements in the Mouse Developing Brain
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19861-z OPEN Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the mouse developing brain C. Madore1,2,14, Q. Leyrolle1,3,14, L. Morel1,14, M. Rossitto1,14, A. D. Greenhalgh1, J. C. Delpech1, M. Martinat 1, C. Bosch-Bouju1, J. Bourel1, B. Rani 4, C. Lacabanne1, A. Thomazeau 1, K. E. Hopperton5, S. Beccari 6, A. Sere1, A. Aubert1, V. De Smedt-Peyrusse1, C. Lecours7, K. Bisht7, L. Fourgeaud8, S. Gregoire9, L. Bretillon 9, N. Acar9, N. J. Grant10, J. Badaut 11, P. Gressens3,12, A. Sierra 6, O. Butovsky 2,13, M. E. Tremblay 7, ✉ ✉ R. P. Bazinet5, C. Joffre1, A. Nadjar 1 & S. Layé1 1234567890():,; Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the functional maturation of the brain. Westernization of dietary habits in both developed and developing countries is accompanied by a progressive reduction in dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs. Low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to neurodevelopmental diseases in Humans. However, the n-3 PUFAs deficiency-mediated mechanisms affecting the development of the central nervous system are poorly understood. Active microglial engulfment of synapses regulates brain develop- ment. Impaired synaptic pruning is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism for detrimental effects of low maternal n-3 PUFA intake on hippocampal development in mice. Our results show that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency increases microglia-mediated phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the rodent developing hippocampus, partly through the activation of 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX)/ 12-HETE signaling, altering neuronal morphology and affecting cognitive performance of the offspring. -
Three Neglected Numbers in the CBC: the RDW, MPV, and NRBC Count
REVIEW JORI E. MAY, MD MARISA B. MARQUES, MD VISHNU V.B. REDDY, MD RADHIKA GANGARAJU, MD Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of University of Alabama, University of Alabama, Birmingham University of Alabama, Birmingham Alabama, Birmingham Birmingham Three neglected numbers in the CBC: The RDW, MPV, and NRBC count ABSTRACT he complete blood cell count (CBC) T is one of the most frequently ordered lab- The complete blood cell count (CBC) is one of the most oratory tests in both the inpatient and outpa- frequently ordered laboratory tests, but some values tient settings. Not long ago, the CBC required included in the test may be overlooked. This brief re- peering through a microscope and counting view discusses 3 potentially underutilized components the red blood cells, white blood cells, and of the CBC: the red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelets. These 3 numbers are still the primary the mean platelet volume (MPV), and the nucleated purpose of the test. red blood cell (NRBC) count. These results have unique Now, with automated counters, the CBC diagnostic applications and prognostic implications that report also contains other numbers that delin- can be incorporated into clinical practice. By understand- eate characteristics of each cell type. For ex- ing all components of the CBC, providers can learn more ample: about the patient’s condition. The mean corpuscular volume is the aver- age volume of red blood cells. Providers use it KEY POINTS to classify anemia as either microcytic, normo- The RDW can help differentiate the cause of anemia: eg, cytic, or macrocytic, each with its own differ- a high RDW suggests iron-defi ciency anemia, while a nor- ential diagnosis.