Understanding State Statutes on Minimum Marriage Age and Exceptions
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Child Marriage in Ukraine (Overview)
Child Marriage in Ukraine (Overview) My father gave me in marriage. I was not asked if I wanted to [marry] or not. —Roma child spouse, married at 14 The decision to marry should be a freely made, Child marriages informed decision that Early or child marriage is the union, whether official or not, of two persons, at least one of whom is under 18 years of age.1 By virtue is taken without fear, of being children, child spouses are considered to be incapable of giving full consent, meaning that child marriages should be coercion, or undue considered a violation of human rights and the rights of the child. In Ukraine, among the general population, early marriage is closely pressure. It is an adult linked to early sexual debut and unplanned pregnancy. Among the Roma minority, child marriage affecting girls and boys is driven by decision and a decision patriarchal traditions and poverty, among other factors. that should be made, when Child marriage is a gendered phenomenon that affects girls and boys in different ways. Overall, the number of boys in child marriages ready, as an adult. around the world is significantly lower than that of girls. Girl child spouses are also vulnerable to domestic violence and sexual abuse within relationships that are unequal, and if they become pregnant, —Dr. Babatunde often experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as their bodies are not ready for childbearing. Upon marrying, both Osotimehin, Executive boys and girls often have to leave education to enter the workforce and/or take up domestic responsibilities at home. -
Punishment on Trial √ Feel Guilty When You Punish Your Child for Some Misbehavior, but Have Ennio Been Told That Such Is Bad Parenting?
PunishmentPunishment onon TrialTrial Cipani PunishmentPunishment onon TrialTrial Do you: √ believe that extreme child misbehaviors necessitate physical punishment? √ equate spanking with punishment? √ believe punishment does not work for your child? √ hear from professionals that punishing children for misbehavior is abusive and doesn’t even work? Punishment on Trial Punishment on √ feel guilty when you punish your child for some misbehavior, but have Ennio been told that such is bad parenting? If you answered “yes” to one or more of the above questions, this book may Cipani be just the definitive resource you need. Punishment is a controversial topic that parents face daily: To use or not to use? Professionals, parents, and teachers need answers that are based on factual information. This book, Punishment on Trial, provides that source. Effective punishment can take many forms, most of which do not involve physical punishment. This book brings a blend of science, clinical experience, and logic to a discussion of the efficacy of punishment for child behavior problems. Dr. Cipani is a licensed psychologist with over 25 years of experience working with children and adults. He is the author of numerous books on child behavior, and is a full professor in clinical psychology at Alliant International University in Fresno, California. 52495 Context Press $24.95 9 781878 978516 1-878978-51-9 A Resource Guide to Child Discipline i Punishment on Trial ii iii Punishment on Trial Ennio Cipani Alliant International University CONTEXT PRESS Reno, Nevada iv ________________________________________________________________________ Punishment on Trial Paperback pp. 137 Distributed by New Harbinger Publications, Inc. ________________________________________________________________________ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cipani, Ennio. -
An Annulment Is a Legal Order Declaring That a Marriage Never Existed
ANNULMENT 1. What is an Annulment? An annulment is a legal order declaring that a marriage never existed. Annulments are rare and only granted in unusual circumstances. 2. On What grounds can I receive an annulment? You may receive an annulment if: • You and your spouse are related as follows: parent/child, parent/stepchild, grandparent/grandchild, aunt/nephew, uncle/niece. • You did not have the mental capacity to enter into a contract. • You were under the age of 16 when you entered into your marriage. • You were forced to enter into the marriage. • You were fraudulently induced to enter into the marriage. • Your spouse was married to another living spouse at the time you entered into the marriage. 3. May I be granted an annulment if I have only been married a short time? No. The fact that you and your spouse have only been married a short time is not a proper ground for an annulment. If you do not satisfy one of the conditions listed above, then you must file a petition for divorce to dissolve your marriage. 4. May I obtain an annulment if I have had or will have children with my current spouse? O.C.G.A. § 19-4-1 states that “annulments may not be granted in instances where children are born or are to be born as a result of the marriage.” If you and your spouse have children together and believe that you satisfy the requi rements for an annulment, you should speak with an attorney. 5. How long does an annulment take? An order granting an annulment can be issued by a judge 30 days after the other person has been served with a copy of your Petition for Annulment. -
The Juvenile Curfew: Unconstitutional Imprisonment
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal Volume 4 (1995-1996) Issue 3 Article 5 May 1996 The Juvenile Curfew: Unconstitutional Imprisonment Tona Trollinger Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Repository Citation Tona Trollinger, The Juvenile Curfew: Unconstitutional Imprisonment, 4 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 949 (1996), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol4/iss3/5 Copyright c 1996 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj THE JUVENILE CURFEW: UNCONSTITUTIONAL IMPRISONMENT Tona Trollinger" Faced with rising crime rates, many municipalities in recent years have enact- ed juvenile curfews. Professor Tona Trollinger uses an ordinance enacted in Dal- las, Texas, as a framework for analyzing juvenile curfews. The author discusses various prudential and constitutional objections to these curfews, including both substantive and proceduraldue process challenges. The author concludes that the admittedly valid governmental objectives underlying such curfews do not override their constitutional infirmities. [T]he [curfew] ordinance.., is paternalistic, and is an invasion of the personal liberty of the citizen. It may be that there are some bad boys in our cities and towns whose par- ents do not properly control them at home and who prowl about the streets and alleys during the nighttime and commit offenses. Of course, whenever they do, they are amenable to the law .... The rule laid down here is as rigid as under military law, and makes the tolling of the curfew bell equiva- lent to the drum taps of the camp. -
Why We Should Raise the Marriage Age Vivian E
College of William & Mary Law School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository Popular Media Faculty and Deans 2013 Why We Should Raise the Marriage Age Vivian E. Hamilton William & Mary Law School, [email protected] Repository Citation Hamilton, Vivian E., "Why We Should Raise the Marriage Age" (2013). Popular Media. 123. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/popular_media/123 Copyright c 2013 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/popular_media 5/14/13 Concurring Opinions » Why We Should Raise the Marriage Age » Print - Concurring Opinions - http://www.concurringopinions.com - Why We Should Raise the Marriage Age Posted By Vivian Hamilton On January 30, 2013 @ 6:31 pm In Family Law,Uncategorized | 6 Comments [1]My last series of posts [2] argued that states should lower the voting age, since by mid-adolescence, teens have the cognitive-processing and reasoning capacities required for voting competence. But that is not to say that teens have attained adult-like capacities across all domains. To the contrary, context matters. And one context in which teens lack competence is marriage. Through a single statutory adjustment — raising to 21 the age at which individuals may marry — legislators could reduce the percentage of marriages ending in divorce, improve women’s mental and physical health, and elevate women’s and children’s socioeconomic status. More than 1 in 10 U.S. women surveyed between 2001 and 2002 had married before age 18, with 9.4 million having married at age 16 or younger. In 2010, some 520,000 U.S. -
Divorce, Annulment, and Child Custody
DIVORCE, ANNULMENT, AND CHILD CUSTODY : DISCLAIMER The information on this page is intended for educational purposes only. It is not legal advice. If you have specific questions, or are experiencing a situation where you need legal advice, you should contact an attorney. Student Legal Services makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information on this page. However, the law changes frequently and this site should not be used as a substitute for legal advice. It is highly recommended that anyone accessing this page consult with an attorney licensed in the state of Wyoming prior to taking any action based on the information provided on this page. DIVORCE A divorce is when two individuals petition the court to formally end their marriage. Divorce includes the division of marital property. If a couple has children, the court also will determine the custody arrangement for those children. You can learn more about divorce on the Equal Justice Wyoming website here. It is possible to complete the divorce process without an attorney. Completing the process without an attorney is called a “pro se divorce.” Divorces without attorneys are easiest when there are no children and the parties agree about the majority of the property distribution. You can access directions and packets for a pro se divorce here. ANNULMENT An annulment is when the marriage is dissolved as if it never existed. It is very hard to receive an annulment and most marriages will not qualify. Annulments occur in two situations. When the marriage is void and when the marriage is voidable. VOID MARRIAGES: When a marriage is void, it means that the marriage could not have taken place under the law—therefore it does not exist. -
The Constitution and Covenant Marriage Legislation: Rumors of a Constitutional Right to Divorce Have Been Greatly Exaggerated
THE CONSTITUTION AND COVENANT MARRIAGE LEGISLATION: RUMORS OF A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO DIVORCE HAVE BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED David M. Wagner* Subject to the inherent ambiguity of legislative motivation, we may safely speculate that when a state enacts a covenant marriage statute, it is seeking to make divorce more rare and to distance the moral culture of that state from the "culture of divorce.", This action is premised on a value judgment that marriage is basically good and divorce is basically bad: a value judgment that is simple, intuitive, popular, and far too "tra- ditional" to escape scathing scrutiny by legal academia. 2 This article is an effort to anticipate constitutional attacks on covenant marriage leg- islation based on modern substantive due process, which focuses on indi- vidual moral autonomy, and which includes a "right to marry" couched in terms so individualistic as to imply a correlative right to divorce.3 For a period of time beginning in the 1940s and culminating in the 1970s, the Supreme Court seemed to be developing a "right to marry" doctrine that, in fact, protected not marriage but divorce, by striking down family-protective state laws that acted as obstacles to divorce. It . Associate Professor of Law, Regent University School of Law; A.B. 1980, M.A. 1984, Yale University; J.D. 1992, George Mason University School of Law. I wish to ac- knowledge the valuable assistance of my research assistant, Keith Howell, Regent Univer- sity School of Law 2000. 1 See, e.g., BARBARA DAFOE WHITEHEAD, THE DIVORCE CULTURE: RETHINKING OUR COMMITMENTS TO MARRIAGE AND FAMILY (1997) (arguing for a return to a pro-marriage culture, though not advocating fundamental change to no-fault divorce statutes). -
Curfew Ordinance
AN ORDINANCE OF THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, VIRGINIA IMPOSING A CURFEW FOR MINORS/INCLUDING THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PARENTS GUARDIANS AND OTHERS BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Superviosrs of Middlesex County that the following ordinance is hereby adopted: The purpose of this ordinance is to (i) promote the general welfare and protect the general public through the reduction of juvenile violence and crime within the county; (ii) promote the safety and well-being of the county's youngest citizens, persons under the age of eighteen (18) whose inexperience renders them particularly vulnerable to becoming participants in unlawful activities, particularly unlawful drug activities, and to being victimized by older perpetrators of crime; and (iii) foster and strengthen parental responsibility for children. Section A. Definitions. As used within this section, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings ascribed to them below: Curfew hours refers to the hours of 12:01 a.m. through 5:00 a.m. on Monday through Friday, and 1:00 a.m. through 5:00 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Emergency refers to unforeseen circumstances, or the status or condition resulting therefrom, requiring immediate action to safeguard life, limb or property. The term includes, but is not limited to, fires, natural disasters, automobile accidents, or other similar circumstances. Establishment refers to any privately owned place of business within the county operated for a profit, to which the public is invited, including, but not limited to any place of amusement or entertainment. With respect to such establishment, the term "operator" shall mean any person, and any firm, association, partnership (and the members or partners thereof) and/or any corporations (and the officers thereof) conducting or managing that establishment. -
Susan Blackburn and Sharon Bessell
M arriageable Ag e : Political Debates on Early Marriage in Twentieth- C entury Indonesia Susan Blackburn and Sharon Bessell The purpose of this article is to show how the age of marriage, especially for girls, became a political issue in twentieth century Indonesia, and to investigate the changing intensity, focus, and participation in the debate over the issue. Compared with India, the incidence of very early marriage among Indonesian girls appears never to have been exceptionally high, yet among those trying to "modernize" Indonesia the fact that parents married off their daughters at or before the onset of puberty was considered a "social evil." Social reformers differed as to the reasons for their concern and as to what action should be taken and by whom. In particular there were strong disagreements about whether government intervention was either desirable or effective in raising the age of marriage. The age at which it is appropriate for girls to marry has been a contentious matter in many countries in recent centuries. In societies where marriage was considered to be the prerogative of families, the children themselves were rarely consulted and the age of marriage, or at least of betrothal, was likely to be quite young, before children could exert their own will. Although physical readiness for sexual intercourse and child bearing was a consideration, this was a matter to be supervised by adult kin, and the wedding could, if necessary, be timed so that it occurred separately from the consummation of marriage. Apart from families, the only other institutions directly concerned with marriage were likely to be religious ones. -
Marriage in Church After Divorce
Marriage in church after divorce Form and explanatory statement A leaflet for enquiring couples Marriage in church after divorce The Church of England teaches that marriage is for life. It also recognizes that some marriages sadly do fail and, if this should happen, it seeks to be available for all involved. The Church accepts that, in exceptional circumstances, a divorced person may marry again in church during the lifetime of a former spouse. If you are thinking about asking to be married in church, you should discuss this with your local parish priest. Please do this well before choosing a date for your wedding. Some priests may be willing to take such a marriage, others may not be prepared to do so, on grounds of conscience, and may not allow the use of their church either. The law of the land permits them this choice. If your parish priest is willing to discuss the possibility of conducting your marriage, he/she will want to talk to you frankly about the past, your hopes for the future and your understanding of marriage. You and your intended spouse should therefore be prepared to consider some questions. You are advised to reflect beforehand on the issues they raise – and should be prepared to answer them honestly. G What does marriage mean to you? G What have you learned from your previous marriage? G Has there been healing of past hurts? G If you have children, how are they being looked after? G What do others think of your marriage plans? G When did your new relationship begin? G Have either of you been divorced more than once? G Are you wanting to grow in the Christian faith? If you wish to proceed with your enquiry, both of you should complete the attached application form and hand it to your parish priest. -
Child Marriage Has Negative Effects on Adolescents' Health and Is a Cause
LEGAL MINIMUM AGES AND THE REALIZATION OF ADOLESCENTS’ RIGHTS MINIMUM AGE FOR MARRIAGE • International standards set the minimum age of marriage at 18. ABSOLUTE MINIMUM AGE OF MARRIAGE WITH PARENTAL OR JUDGE CONSENT OR EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES • Child marriage has numerous long-term negative implications on children’s rights, in particular the right to education, the right to express views, the right to be protected from violence, and the right to health, among others. Girls are particularly vulnerable to the practice, with significant impact on their development and gender equality in general. • Rates of child marriage in the Latin America and the Caribbean remain significant and close to global averages. However, they have not decreased in recent years like in other regions. • Child marriage – i.e. marriage when at least one of the intending spouses is under 18 – is generally forbidden under international standards, although recent evolutions provide for the possibility for adolescents over 16 to marry under specific circumstances and on their own consent, through judicial approval. • While providing that adolescents can fully consent to marriage on their own no data available at 18, legislations in the overwhelming majority of countries provide for the possibility for children to get married with parental and/or a judge’s consent. 12 years old 14 years old • Approximately one third of the countries have different minimum ages 15 years old for marriage for boys and girls, thus effectively featuring discriminatory 16 years old This map is stylized and it is not to scale. It does not legislation. reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any 18 years old country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers. -
Section I: the Marriage Preparation Process
Section I: The Marriage Preparation Process STAGE ONE: INTRODUCTIONS AND ORIENTATIONS Marriage Preparation: A Commitment Of Time.................................................................................. 8 Why Take The Time And Make The Effort? A Couple’s First Contact With The Parish ........................................................................................... 9 The Importance Of A Welcoming Atmosphere Initial Meeting(s) With The Couple ..................................................................................................... 10 A Time For Evangelization And Discernment Addressing A Couple’s Experience And Needs ................................................................................... 11 Benefits Of A Premarital Inventory The Engagement Blessing.................................................................................................................... 12 A New Opportunity For Families And Parish STAGE TWO: MARRIAGE CATECHESIS AND FORMATION Participation In A Shared Preparation Process ................................................................................. 13 Facilitating Attendance At Marriage Preparation Programs The Marriage Preparation Program ................................................................................................... 14 A Church Community Sharing Its Faith, Wisdom And Love STAGE THREE: PASTORAL SESSIONS, WEDDING LITURGY AND BEYOND Affirmation Of The Couple’s Readiness For Marriage .....................................................................