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Bases Moléculaires De La Résistance Métabolique Au Néonicotinoïde Imidaclopride Chez Le Moustique Aedes Aegypti Muhammad Asam Riaz

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Bases Moléculaires De La Résistance Métabolique Au Néonicotinoïde Imidaclopride Chez Le Moustique Aedes Aegypti Muhammad Asam Riaz Bases moléculaires de la résistance métabolique au néonicotinoïde imidaclopride chez le moustique Aedes aegypti Muhammad Asam Riaz To cite this version: Muhammad Asam Riaz. Bases moléculaires de la résistance métabolique au néonicotinoïde imidaclo- pride chez le moustique Aedes aegypti. Autre [q-bio.OT]. Université de Grenoble, 2011. Français. NNT : 2011GRENV057. tel-00646983 HAL Id: tel-00646983 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646983 Submitted on 1 Dec 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Biodiversité Ecologie Environnement Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par « Muhammad Asam Riaz» Thèse dirigée par « Stéphane Reynaud » et codirigée par « Jean-Philippe David » préparée au sein du Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine dans l'École Doctorale Chimie et Sciences du Vivant Bases moléculaires de la résistance métabolique au néonicotinoïde imidaclopride chez le moustique Aedes aegypti (Molecular basis of metabolic resistance to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in Aedes aegypti) Thèse soutenue publiquement le « 18 Novembre 2011 », devant le jury composé de : Mr James Devillers Directeur CTIS, Rillieux la Pape, Rapporteur Mr Vincent Corbel Chargé de recherche à l’IRD/CREC, Cotonou Benin, Rapporteur Mme Gaëlle Le-Goff Chargé de recherche à l’INRA, Sophia Antipolis , Membre Mr Bruno Combourieu Professeur à l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Valence, Membre Mme Laurence Després Professeur à l’Universite de Grenoble , Grenoble, Membre Mr Patrick Ravanel Professeur à l’Un iversité de Grenoble, Président Dedication I dedicate this humble effort to my beloved parents, sisters and brothers, without their inspiration and help this ambition could have not been achieved in University of Grenoble, France. I Acknowledgement All praises and appreciations to the Almighty Allah SWT, the most merciful, who blessed me with good health and enabled me to complete this work. After spending four and half golden years of my life (from Master 2R to today) in the Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), I would like to thank all those loving people who helped and encouraged me to complete this work and without them that was not possible to carry out. I wish to express my profound gratitude to my supervisors, Jean-Philippe David and Stephane Reynaud for their keen interest, scholastic guidance, precious suggestions, encouragement, patience, sympathetic attitude, constructive criticisms, humorous behavior and cold mindedness from the beginning to the end of the research work. I express my heartfelt indebtedness to you both for taking all cares and offering your valuable time without the discrimination of weekends. Away from the family, it was not always easy to keep the moral high and your help and support did not feel me stressed. The impression of your personalities will always remain engraved on my mind. You are absolutely the models for me. Thanks are also extended to Patrick Ravanel , apart from a big scientist and father of P3E, a good human. I shall never ever forget the toxicology course examination conducted by you. Really, that was a honour for me and I found myself fortunate that I have spent time and completed my PhD in your team. I am very grateful to all members of jury, James Devillers, Vincent Corbel, Gaëlle Le-Goff, Bruno Combourieu, Laurence Després and Patrick Ravanel, for accepting to evaluate my research work. It was pleasure for me to have you as my jury member. I would specially thank to the reporters James Devillers and Vincent Corbel that they have spared their time to read the thesis and timely submitted the reports to ecole doctorale. I also take the opportunity to express my deepest and sincere gratitude to Fabrice Chandre, Christophe Délye Laurence Després, Gaëlle Le-Goff and John A Casida who guided me and gave me different valuable suggestions in the Comité de Thèse and other informal meetings. I would like to present my heartiest thanks to Chantal Dauphin-Villemant , UPMC Paris. Chantal thanks very much for your help to carry out analytical experiments. A special words of thanks to our previous laboratory director Pierre Taberlet and current laboratory directrice Irène Till-Bottraud for accepting me as PhD student in the LECA and their kind of supports. II I would like to express my appreciation to my colleagues of office 219 particularly Dr. Rodolphe Poupardin and future Doctor Angélique San-Miguel . Rodolphe, I have not met so many people who are sincere and committed like you. All time that we have spent in Grenoble, and particularly in Liverpool and Lyon, was full of joys and learnings. It is really unforgettable for me and, no doubt, part of pleasant memories. Angel, your laughs, jokes, encouragement and the French vocabulary that you made me learned are the golden memories. I shall miss you both. I shall not forget my best colleagues Alexia Chandor-Proust for her sincerity, gentleness and all scientific knowledge that I have learned from her; Guillaume Tétreau for his cooperative nature and sense of humour; Ozgur Kilinc for his ever presence in laboratory and unbound help in every matter of life; Mickael Catinon for his metaphorical daily French; Catherine Fallecker, and Charlène Thedevuide my old lab fellows for their encouragement and moral support. I would like to thank Michel Tissut , ever happy and live person, I always enjoyed his funny comments; Lucile Sage , Muriel Raveton and Bello Mouhamdou for their gentleness and services to the P3E; Sylvie Veyrenc for her dynamic role in managing insectarium and chemical stocks; Thierry Gaude , a handy and tricky man of our laboratory; Olivier Lontin who was ever ready and happy to resolve every problem of computer; During the PhD, I got a chance to work in Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), where I was warmly welcomed. A special words of thanks to Hilary Ranson , Clare Strode , Christopher Jones , Evangelina Morou and all other members of LSTM. Thanks are also extended to all other Teams, Plate forms and LECA fellows: Matheiu Faure, Tarafa Mustafa, Isabelle, Aurelie Bonin, Christian Miquel, Carole Poillot, Delphine Rioux, Alice Valentini, Frédéric Laporte and new postdocral fellow Myriam Régent- Kloeckner and new PhD students and office fellows Sophie Prud’hommes and Claire Blondel, for their kind assistance and to Fredric Fuchon, my stagiaire and friend, I have spent very good time with him. Fred It was pleasure to know you and work with you Fred. I would not forget those people who have left LECA: Romain Blanc-Mathieu, Joëlle Clostre, Joëlle Patorux, Margot Paris and Thomas Bouchardy. I am very thankful to our lab secretaries Kim Pla and Florence Sagnimorte for their unbound cooperation in processing “Ordres de mission” and “Bon de commande”. Your role is really unforgettable for me. Kim and Florence thanks very much for your all help. III I also take this opportunity to express my deepest and sincere gratitude to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and Agence National de Recherche (ANR) of France for the Scholarship and research funding without which this study would have not been possible. I am also thankful to Vice Chancellor, University of Sargodha, Dr. M Ikram Choudhary and my teacher, Dean of Faculty of Agriculture, Dr. Muhammad Afzal for their encouragement and unlimited cooperation in extending my leave on simple demand without any hesitation and differentiation. With deepest emotion I would like to express my enormous appreciation and gratefulness to my beloved teacher Dr. Sohail Ahmed for his moral support, encouragement, prayers and rendering all possible guidance to plane my future. I express also my cordial feelings and affectionate love to my Pakistni friends, Sibt, MGM, Kakulala, Ramzan bhai, Ayesha bhabi, Samar bhai, Ather bhai, Tayyab bhai, Ashraf, Khan M Asif, Naeem, Farhan bhai, Kiran bhabi, Sumaira, Wasim shehzad, Taiyyaba Riaz, Ayesha Anjum, Arif bhai, Zahid, shahid and Bushra Naqvi and all other friends that I could not mention. Thanks a lot to all of them for their love and kindness, sharing my sadness and happiness, arranging different get together, playing cricket, football, squash and cards with me and their encouragement and generous help throughout the study period that we had been together in France. Finally, this acknowledgement will not be complete if I do not explicit my sincere thanks to my honourable parents, my sisters: Shahida Riaz and Asma Riaz and brothers: Afzal, Mohsin, Pasha, Sunny and Sherry for their inspiration, encouragement and endless love to complete my higher study. I will never forget the greatest love that you gave me from the day I was born till the day I die. IV Prologue Mosquitoes play a major role in the transmission of human diseases. Since the last decade, major diseases such as dengue fever and malaria are resurging in several regions of the world. Due to the absence of efficient vaccines, the main way to limit these diseases is by controlling mosquito populations with insecticides. However, mosquitoes have developed resistance mechanisms to the four main chemical insecticide families used for vector control (organochlorides, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids). In this context, there is an urgent need to build up new vector control strategies and investigate the use of alternative insecticides for vector control. In this concern, the present work aims at evaluating the toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and associated metabolic resistance mechanisms in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti.
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