Appendix A - Plant Lists

APPENDIX A - PLANT LISTS These lists are suggestions for recommended plants and are not to be construed as exclusive lists. There are many other suitable plants for riparian buffer planting. These lists are a place to start.

MEDIUM TO LARGE SMALL CANOPY/UNDERSTORY DECIDUOUS CANOPY TREES TREES

Red maple - Acer rubrum Red buckeye - Aesculus pavia Acer saccharum - Silver maple Smooth alder - Alnus serrulata Betula lenta - Black birch Serviceberry - Amelanchier canadensis River birch - Betula nigra Devil’s walkingstick - Aralia spinosa Shagbark hickory - Carya ovata- Pawpaw - Asimia triloba Mockernut hickory - Carya tomentosa American hornbeam- Carpinus caroliniana Hackberry - Celtis occidentalis Sugar hackberry - Celtis laevigata Washington hawthorn - Craetagus phaenopyrum Redbud, Judas tree - Cercis canadensis Persimmon - Diospyros virginiana Fringetree - Chionanthus virginicus American Beech - Fagus grandifolia Dogwood - Cornus florida White ash - Fraxinus americana Cockspur hawthorn - Crataegus crus-galli Green ash - Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green hawthorn - Crataegus viridis Water locust - Gleditsia aquatica- Parsley hawthorne - Crataegus marshalli Black walnut - Juglans nigra Swamp cyrilla - Cyrilla racemosa Sweetgum - Liquidamber straciflua Two-winged Silverbell - Halesia diptera Tulip poplar - Liriodendron tulipifera American holly – Ilex opaca Water tupelo - Nyssa aquatica Possumhaw - Ilex deciduas Black gum - Nyssa sylvatica Spicebush - Lindera benzoin Sourwood - Oxydendron arboreum Sweetbay Magnolia - Magnolia virginiana Sycamore - Platanus occidentalis Eastern hophornbeam - Ostrya virginiana Cottonwood poplar - Populus deltoids Sourwood - Oxydendron arboreum Swamp cottonwood - Populus heterophylla Elderberry - Sambucus canadensis- Black cherry - Prunis serotina Sassafras - Sassafras albidum Swamp white oak - Quercus bicolor Sparkleberry - Vaccinium arboreum Shingle oak - Quercus imbricata Nannyberry - Viburnum lentago Laurel oak - Quercus laurifolia Overcup oak - Quercus lyrata- Swamp chestnut oak - Quercus michauxii- Water oak - Quercus nigra Pin oak - Quercus palustris Willow oak - Quercus phellos Shumard oak - Quercus shumardii Swamp willow, Black willow - Salix nigra Weeping willow - Salix babylonica American basswood - Tilia Americana

Riparian Buffers Guidance Manual A-1 Appendix A - Plant Lists

EVERGREEN TREES LARGE SHRUBS

American holly – Ilex opaca Alder - Alnus serrulata Eastern red cedar – Juniperus virginiana False indigo - Amorpha fruiticosa Southern magnolia – Magnolia grandiflora Red chokeberry – Aronia arbutifolia Shortleaf pine – Pinus echinata American beautyberry – Calicarpa americana Pitch pine – Pinus rigida Eastern sweetshrub – Calycanthus floridus Eastern white pine – Pinus strobus Buttonbush – Cephalanthus occidentalis Loblolly pine – Pinus taeda Silky dogwood – Cornus amonum Virginia pine – Pinus virginiana Greystem dogwood – Cornus racemosa Darlington oak – Quercus laurifolia Red twig dogwood – Cornus stolonifera Darlingtonia Witch hazel – Hammamelis virginiana Live oak – Quercus virginiana Wild hydrangea - Hydrangea arborescens Oakleaf hydrangea – Hydrangea quercifolia Winterberry holly – Ilex verticilata Yaupon holly – Ilex vomitoria Virginia sweetspire – Itea virginica Fetterbush/ Sweetbells – Leucothoe racemosa Fetterbush – Lyonia lucida Male-berry – Lyonia ligustrina Southern wax myrtle – Myrica cerifera Bayberry – Myrica pennsylvanica EVERGREEN SHRUBS Common ninebark – Physocarpus opulifolius Choke cherry – Prunus virigniana Inkberry holly - Ilex glabra Swamp azalea – Rhododendrona viscosum Common juniper – Juniperus communis Smooth sumac – Rhus glabra Shore juniper - Juniperus conferta Allegheny blackberry – Rubus allegheniensis Southern wax myrtle – Myrica cerifera Pussy willow – Salix discolor Bayberry – Myrica pennsylvanica Silky willow – Salix sericea Swamp azalea – Rhododendrona viscosum Elderberry – Sambucus canadensis Farkleberry – Vaccinium arboreum American snowbell – Styrax americanus Highbush blueberry - Vaccinium corybosum Arrowwood viburnum – Viburnum dentatum Swamphaw Viburnum – Viburnum nudum Blackhaw viburnum – Viburnum prunifolium

Riparian Buffers Guidance Manual A - 2 Appendix A - Plant Lists

SMALL SHRUBS HERBACEOUS PLANTS

- Obovate serviceberry - Amelanchier obovalis Black-eyed Susan – Rudbeckia fulgida Black chokecherry - Aronia melanocarpa Cardinal Flower – Lobelia cardinalis Sweet pepperbush - Clethra alnifolia Coralbells – Heuchera Americana Sweet fern - Comptonia peregrina Creeping Phlox – Phlox stolonifera Strawberry bush - Euonymus americanus Crested Iris – Iris cristata Fothergilla - Fothergilla gardenii Foamflower – Tiarella cordifolia Black huckleberry - Gaylussacia baccata Goldenrod – Solidago Canadensis Dangleberry - Gaylussacia frondosa Great Blue Lobelia – Lobelia siphilitica Wild hydrangea - Hydrangea arborescens Green and Gold – Crysogonum virginianum Oakleaf hydrangea - Hydrangea quercifolia Ironweed – Vernonia noveboracensis Mountain laurel - Kalmia latifolia Jack-in-the-Pulpit - Arisaema triphyllum Staggerbush - Lyonia mariana Joe-Pye Weed – Eupatorium purpureum Shrubby cinquefoil - Potentilla fruticosa Mayapple – Podophyllum peltatum Beach plum - Prunus maritime Mistflower – Eupatorium coelestinum Sand blackberry - Rubus cuneifolius Mouse-ear Coreopsis – Coreopsis auriculata Bankers willow - Salix cottettii New York Aster - Aster novi-belgii White meadowsweet - Spiraea alba Pink Turtlehead – Chelone lyonii Meadowsweet - Spiraea latifolia Purple Coneflower – Echinacea purpurea Steeplebush - Spiraea tomentosa Small Solomon’s Seal – Polygonatum biflorum Common snowberry - Swamp Milkweed - Asclepias incarnata Coralberry - Symphocarpos orbiculatus Sweet Flag - Acorus americanus Lowbush blueberry - Vaccinium angustifolium Tall Gayfeather – Liatris scarios Maple-leaved viburnum - Vaccinium Three-toothed Cinquefoil – Potentilla acerifolium tridentata Adam’s needle - Yucca filamentosa Tickseed – Coreopsis grandiflora Virginia Bluebells – Metensia virginica NATIVE GRASSES Virginia Blue flag – Iris virginica Wild Columbine - Aquilegia Canadensis Big Bluestem – Andropogon gerardi Woodland Phlox - Phlox divaricata Broomsedge – Andropogon virginicus Indian woodoats – Chasmanthium latifolium Coastal panic grass – Panicum amarum Switch grass – Panicum virgatum Little bluestem – Schizachyrium scoparium Indian grass – Sorghastrum nutans Easternn gama grass – Tripsacum dactyloides

Riparian Buffers Guidance Manual A-3 Appendix A - Plant Lists

SHADE TOLERANT PLANTS PART SUN (semi-shade intolerant)

Trees Trees Red maple Silver maple Sugar maple Sweet birch Serviceberry, Shadbush Bitternut hickory Pawpaw Shagbark hickory Yellow birch Hackberry Hornbeam Tulip poplar American beech Easter white pine White ash Sycamore Sweetbay magnolia White oak Hop hornbeam Swamp white oak American basswood Chestnut oak Canada hemlock Willow oak Northern red oak Slippery elm

Small Trees & Shrubs Small Trees & Shrubs Dogwood Red chokeberry Redbud Black choke berry Fringetree Black huckleberry Sweet pepperbush Winterberry Gray dogwood Swamp azalea American hazelnut Meadowsweet Witchhazel Nannyberry Inkberry Smooth alder Mountain laurel Pinxterbloom azalea Spicebush Staghorn sumac Elderberry Highbush blueberry Witherod Southern arrowwood Highbush cranberry Virginia sweetspire

Riparian Buffers Guidance Manual A - 4 Appendix A - Plant Lists

FULL SUN (Shade intolerant) FLOOD TOLERANT

Trees Trees Persimmon Red maple Black ash Shadbush Red ash Yellow birch Honey-locust Black Ash Kentucky coffee-tree Red ash Black walnut Sweet gum Sweet gum Sweetbay magnolia Black gum Eastern cottonwood Eastern cottonwood Swamp white oak Black cherry Willow oak Pin oak Black willow Black willow Slippery elm Sassafras

Small Trees & Shrubs Small Trees & Shrubs Groundsel bush Smooth alder Buttonbush Red chokeberry Silky dogwood Black chokeberry Red-osier dogwood Groundsel bush Bayberry Buttonbush Wax myrtle Silky Dogwood Ninebark Red-osier dogwood Rosebay rhododendron Inkberry Blackhaw viburnum Winterberry Bayberry Ninebark Rosebay rhododendron Swamp azalea Swamp rose Meadowsweet Highbush blueberry Witherod Southern arrowwood Northern arrowwood Highbush cranberry

Riparian Buffers Guidance Manual A-5 Appendix A - Plant Lists

SEMI-FLOOD TOLERANT SALT TOLERANT SPECIES (good for wet sites) Serviceberry, Shadblow Trees Groundsel tree Hackberry Atlantic white cedar American holly Allegheny serviceberry Eastern red cedar Bald cypress Sweetbay magnolia Black gum Black gum Bitternut hickory Pitch pine Eldeberry Elderberry Grey birch Green ash Hackberry Persimmon Shrubs White ash Honey-locust Bearberry Kentucky coffee-tree Red cokeberry Black walnut Black chokeberry Tulip poplar Buttonbush Black gum Sweet pepperbush Sycamore Inkberry Northern red oak Spicebush River birch Southern wax myrtle Bayberry Shrubs High tide bush Serviceberry Beach plum Fringe tree Winged sumac American hazelnut Smooth sumac Black huckleberry Staghorn sumac Grey dogwood Rugosa rose Spicebush Arrowwood viburnum Witchhazel Blackhaw viburnum Mountain laurel Highbush blueberry Staghorn sumac Nannyberry viburnum Blackhaw viburnum

Riparian Buffers Guidance Manual A - 6