GREEK COLONISATION of the NORTHERN AEGEAN* Michalis

GREEK COLONISATION OF THE NORTHERN AEGEAN*

Michalis Tiverios

To the memory of my teacher George Bakalakis, the pioneer Researcher of Aegean Thrace

Early Euboean Colonisation of Chalcidice

There can be no doubt that one area of Classical Archaeology which has been enriched with fresh knowledge during the latter half of the last century is that concerned with ancient Greek colonisation. Among other things, the leading rôle of the Euboeans in it has been confi rmed, a rôle attested by ancient written sources, but, for various reasons, disputed by certain scholars. One of the main grounds for doubt had been the absence from the areas occupied by the Greeks in the fi rst three centuries of the 1st millennium B.C. of excavational data relating to Euboea. But since the mid-20th century, numerous excavations in many parts of the Mediterranean, as also on Euboea itself, have not only confi rmed the Euboeans’ important rôle in the early historical period, but also given us a great deal of direct or indirect additional information about their activities.1

* For assisting me in various ways, I should like to thank K. Filis, E. Trakosopou- lou, K. Tzanavari, E. Skarlatidou, M. Besios, K. Soueref, H. Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, D. Triantaphyllos, K. Sismanidis, D. Matsas, M. Pipili, S. Andreou, M. Voutiras, A. Moustaka, M. Geivanidou and S. Gimatzidis. Special thanks go to K. Kathariou and V. Saripanidi for helping to format the text and to ensure the completeness of the bibliography. The English text was translated from Greek by D. Whitehouse. The original manuscript of the present paper was delivered in 2001. The addition of later bibliographical material has been very selective and restricted to those works considered as essential for the subject at hand. 1 For Euboean colonisation, see the relevant articles in Bats and d’Agostino 1998; Tsetskhladze and De Angelis 1994; Atti Taranto 18 (1978); AION ArchStAnt n.s. 1 (1994) (= B. d’Agostino and D. Ridgway [eds.], ƄƓƒƌƍƌƄ. Scritti in onore di Giorgio Buchner [Naples]); Kopcke and Tokumaru 1992; Contribution 1975; Nouvelle Contribution 1981; Hägg 1983, including an extensive bibliography, with the literature on the excavations on Euboea itself (Lefkandi, Eretria, Cumae, Cyme, Chalcis, etc.) and elsewhere (for example Pithekoussai). See also Crielaard 1996; Ridgway 1992; Bakhuizen 1976; Parker 1997; Miller 1997. 2 michalis tiverios 90 30 PROPONTIS ). 53 83 italics

DARDANELLES

Evros R. Evros MELAS GULF MELAS 66 14 42 106 121 40 7 LESBOS 98 118 69 38 IMBROS TENEDOS 43 41 104 a 70 99 70 52 SAMOTHRACE 115 37 THRACE

LEMNOS a 1 28 93 58 8 13 47 93 63 91 11 Nestos R. 123 64 75 77 23 108 THASOS 12 60 125 19 57 80 46 79 51 22 EDONOI AEGEAN SEA 39 84 117 33 100 16 119 44 17 10 68 59 SIGITIKOS GULF 102 26

STRYMONIC GULF 87 88 24 55 86 105 48 32 25 113 5 92 29 120 78 116 111 103 61

21 VOLVI L. VOLVI

TORONAIC27 GULF 74 72 Strymon R. 81 95 18 VISALTIA 67

62 MYGDONIA 52/52a 101 31 56

9 A 89 3 35

36 KROUSSIS KORONEA L. KORONEA I 49 119a 110 65 85

112

97 Gallikos R. Gallikos 6

50 N THERMAIC 76 GULF 45 54

107 20

122

O 15

124

Axi 96

os R. os 71 D 2

E PIERIA C

Aliakmon R. Aliakmon M Fig. 1. Fig. of colonisation Greek Map illustrating the northern Aegean (modern place-names CORCYRA