GREEK COLONISATION OF THE NORTHERN AEGEAN* Michalis Tiverios To the memory of my teacher George Bakalakis, the pioneer Researcher of Aegean Thrace Early Euboean Colonisation of Chalcidice There can be no doubt that one area of Classical Archaeology which has been enriched with fresh knowledge during the latter half of the last century is that concerned with ancient Greek colonisation. Among other things, the leading rôle of the Euboeans in it has been confi rmed, a rôle attested by ancient written sources, but, for various reasons, disputed by certain scholars. One of the main grounds for doubt had been the absence from the areas occupied by the Greeks in the fi rst three centuries of the 1st millennium B.C. of excavational data relating to Euboea. But since the mid-20th century, numerous excavations in many parts of the Mediterranean, as also on Euboea itself, have not only confi rmed the Euboeans’ important rôle in the early historical period, but also given us a great deal of direct or indirect additional information about their activities.1 * For assisting me in various ways, I should like to thank K. Filis, E. Trakosopou- lou, K. Tzanavari, E. Skarlatidou, M. Besios, K. Soueref, H. Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, D. Triantaphyllos, K. Sismanidis, D. Matsas, M. Pipili, S. Andreou, M. Voutiras, A. Moustaka, M. Geivanidou and S. Gimatzidis. Special thanks go to K. Kathariou and V. Saripanidi for helping to format the text and to ensure the completeness of the bibliography. The English text was translated from Greek by D. Whitehouse. The original manuscript of the present paper was delivered in 2001. The addition of later bibliographical material has been very selective and restricted to those works considered as essential for the subject at hand. 1 For Euboean colonisation, see the relevant articles in Bats and d’Agostino 1998; Tsetskhladze and De Angelis 1994; Atti Taranto 18 (1978); AION ArchStAnt n.s. 1 (1994) (= B. d’Agostino and D. Ridgway [eds.], ƄƓƒƌƍƌƄ. Scritti in onore di Giorgio Buchner [Naples]); Kopcke and Tokumaru 1992; Contribution 1975; Nouvelle Contribution 1981; Hägg 1983, including an extensive bibliography, with the literature on the excava- tions on Euboea itself (Lefkandi, Eretria, Cumae, Cyme, Chalcis, etc.) and elsewhere (for example Pithekoussai). See also Crielaard 1996; Ridgway 1992; Bakhuizen 1976; Parker 1997; Miller 1997. 2 michalis tiverios michalis 93a I A O N D Nestos R. E THRACE Evros R. C 122 EDONOI A R. os 85 Strymon R. 60 M Axi 90 VISALTIA 64 91 93 28 37 52 30 20 75 11 1 115 29 86 19 77 7041 38 40 54 46 43 69118 Gallikos R. 88 68 70a 98 120 55 17 79 104 PROPONTIS 76 24 44 47 124 65 89 33 22 KORONEA L. STRYMONIC GULF THASOS 8 7 107 119a VOLVI L. 58 50 56 108 63 49 21 13 15 3 MYGDONIA 113 123 97 36 25 53 4 71 6 KROUSSIS 18 MELAS GULF 112 99 83 96 110 116 10 SAMOTHRACE 35 39 PIERIA 81 92 26 100 80 14 Aliakmon R. 9 66 3162 74 SIGITIKOS84 GULF51 125 THERMAIC 67 103 105 GULF TORONAIC GULF 57 95 32 23 DARDANELLES 87 IMBROS 52/52a 27 12 34 102 42 101 61 59 117 78 106 2 45 94 72 5 119 16 121 111 48 LEMNOS TENEDOS CORCYRA AEGEAN SEA LESBOS Fig. 1. Map illustrating Greek colonisation of the northern Aegean (modern place-names in italics)..