Terrestrial Lidar-Based Automated Counting of Swiftlet Nests in the Caves of Gomantong, Sabah, Borneo Donald A
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First Confirmed Breeding Record of Plume-Toed Swiftlet Collocalia Affinis in Singapore
BirdingASIA 31 (2019)(2019): 85–87 85 BREEDING RECORD First confirmed breeding record of Plume-toed Swiftlet Collocalia affinis in Singapore ALFRED CHIA, DING LI YONG, KIM CHUAH LIM, MOVIN NYANASENGERAN, YONG CHEE KEITA SIN, KIM KEANG LIM & SENG BENG YEO Historically the tiny Collocalia swiftlets resident In the meantime, the results of a detailed in both the lowlands and higher altitudes of analysis of the taxonomy of Collocalia swiftlets in Peninsular Malaysia were designated Glossy the Indo-Pacific region (Rheindt et al. 2017) led to Swiftlet C. esculenta cyanoptila (Wells 1999). the proposal of radical changes to the established However, the species was rare on Singapore taxonomy; this was a big challenge due to the mainland, with fewer than 10 records per year, all morphological uniformity of these taxa. Rheindt apparently in the period November to February, et al. (2017) studied the evolutionary history of the which is the non-breeding season in Malaysia complex, combining new biometric measurements (Wells 1999). In recent times the frequency of and plumage assessment of museum specimens records in Singapore has increased, including a with novel as well as previously published group of up to seven birds at Bukit Batok Nature molecular data, with a total of 809 individuals Park in January 2005, as well as regular records representative of 32 taxa being assessed. The thereafter in and at the periphery of the Central authors propose changing the classification of Nature Reserves, and its status was revised to white-bellied swiftlets, for which just two species ‘uncommon’ (Yong et al. 2017, Lim 2018). -
ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus Sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020
ATIU SWIFTLET KOPEKA (Aerodramus sawtelli): SPECIES STATUS REPORT 2020 Atiu Swiftlet James J. S. Johnson Author: Te Ipukarea Society Te Ipukarea Society, PO Box 649, Rarotonga Cook Islands Funded with the support of: The Ridge to Reef Project through the National Environment Service, funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) and facilitated by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Species status report – Kopeka, Atiu Swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli) Summary The Atiu swiftlet (Aerodramus sawtelli), known locally as the kopeka, is endemic to the island of Atiu within the Cook Islands and is listed under the IUCN Red List as ‘Vulnerable’ (BirdLife International, 2016; IUCN 2020). Under the Ridge to Reef project (R2R), the Atiu Swiftlet was listed as a key terrestrial species for conservation activities (UNDP Project document, undated). Projects relevant to the kopeka that were initially planned to be implemented under R2R included: support for the kopeka conservation effort; support collaborative work amongst key stakeholders such as National Environment Service (NES), National Heritage Trust (NHT), the Atiu Island Council and Traditional Leaders to create and implement a Species Conservation Plan for this species; and to measure the population at the end of the project to gauge the overall results of the species conservation plan. The R2R baseline figures for the kopeka were recorded at 420 individuals in 2015. Species target goals upon completion of the R2R project were for ‘no net decline in population numbers’. During the four-year R2R programme 2015-19, later extended to 2021, no updated population surveys were conducted. In 2016 -2017, estimated population numbers were around 600 adults (M. -
Pacific Sheath-Tailed Bat American Samoa Emballonura Semicaudata Semicaudata Species Report April 2020
Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat American Samoa Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata Species Report April 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office Honolulu, HI Cover Photo Credits Shawn Thomas, Bat Conservation International. Suggested Citation USFWS. 2020. Species Status Assessment for the Pacific Sheath Tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata). April 2020 (Version 1.1). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, HI. 57 pp. Primary Authors Version 1.1 of this document was prepared by Mari Reeves, Fred Amidon, and James Kwon of the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, Hawaii. Preparation and review was conducted by Gregory Koob, Megan Laut, and Stephen E. Miller of the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office. Acknowledgements We thank the following individuals for their contribution to this work: Marcos Gorresen, Adam Miles, Jorge Palmeirim, Dave Waldien, Dick Watling, and Gary Wiles. ii Executive Summary This Species Report uses the best available scientific and commercial information to assess the status of the semicaudata subspecies of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat, Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata. This subspecies is found in southern Polynesia, eastern Melanesia, and Micronesia. Three additional subspecies of E. semicaudata (E.s. rotensis, E.s. palauensis, and E.s. sulcata) are not discussed here unless they are used to support assumptions about E.s. semicaudata, or to fill in data gaps in this analysis. The Pacific sheath-tailed bat is an Old-World bat in the family Emballonuridae, and is found in parts of Polynesia, eastern Melanesia, and Micronesia. It is the only insectivorous bat recorded from much of this area. -
Glossy Swiftlet (Christmas Island)
RECOVERY OUTLINE Glossy Swiftlet (Christmas Island) 1 Family Apodidae 2 Scientific name Collocalia esculenta natalis Lister, 1889 3 Common name Glossy Swiftlet (Christmas Island) 4 Conservation status Critically Endangered: A2ce, B1+2bce 5 Reasons for listing nestlings but may alter the whole ecology of the island A decline in the abundance of this subspecies of more by killing the dominant life-form, the Red Crab than 80% over the next three generations (30 years) is Gecaroidea natalis, and by farming scale insects, which predicted (Critically Endangered: A2) based on a damage the trees (O’Dowd et al., 1999). The ants decline in habitat quality (c) and the current rate of appear to consume all invertebrates (A. Andersen) spread of introduced ants (e). The already tiny area of including, presumably, the flying prey of the swiftlets. occupancy restricted to one location (B1) which may They may also invade nesting sites in caves. be reduced in area (2b), quality (c) and number of mature individuals in occupation (e) Estimate Reliability Extent of occurrence 137 km2 high trend stable high Area of occupancy 3 km2 low trend decreasing low No. of breeding birds 5,000 low trend decreasing low No. of sub-populations 1 high Generation time 4 years low 6 Infraspecific taxa 11 Information required There are about fifteen other subspecies in south-east Asia and the south-west Pacific. 11.1 Refine techniques for controlling Yellow Crazy Ants. 7 Past range and abundance Confined to Christmas I., Indian Ocean (Stokes, 12 Recovery objectives 1988). 12.1 Maintain existing population. 8 Present range and abundance 12.2 Control Yellow Crazy Ant. -
Borneo's Orangutans
Borneo’s Orangutans Naturetrek Tour Itinerary Outline Itinerary Day 1 Depart London Days 2 - 9 Explore Sepilok, Kinabatangan River, Menanggul River, Gomantong Caves, Danum Valley Day 10 Leave Danum, depart Kota Kinabalu Day 11 Arrive London Departs September Focus Orangutans, other rare primates and wildlife Grading A. Gentle wildlife walks only Dates and Prices See website (tour code MYS02) or brochure Highlights Wild Orangutans, Proboscis Monkeys and other rare mammals Pristine rainforest habitats at Danum Diverse and colourful birdlife, including several Borneo endemics Boat excursion along Kinabatangan River Experience the Gomantong Caves Orangutan, Proboscis Monkey, Sepilok Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Borneo’s Orangutans Tour Itinerary Introduction Borneo is the third largest island in the world and over three times bigger than the UK. At an estimated 130 million years old, Borneo’s rainforest is twice as old as the Amazon rainforest in South America and is the third largest rainforest on earth. It is hard to think of a place which offers the chance to see such a diverse spectrum of unusual mammals, impressive birds and amplitude of other species. The habitat for Orangutans is so complex and vast that it supports an unbelievable cast of species. Here, primates alone could include troupes of Proboscis Monkeys, Bornean Slow Loris, Maroon and Silvered Langur, Sunda Pig-tailed Macaque, East Bornean Grey Gibbon and the enchanting Western Tarsier. Other mammals seen with regular frequency here include Asian Elephant, Binturong, Sunda Flying Lemur and civets. -
Echolocation in Oilbirds and Swiftlets
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 28 May 2013 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00123 Echolocation in Oilbirds and swiftlets Signe Brinkløv 1*, M. Brock Fenton 1 and John M. Ratcliffe 2 1 Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada 2 Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Edited by: The discovery of ultrasonic bat echolocation prompted a wide search for other animal Mariana L. Melcón, Fundación biosonar systems, which yielded, among few others, two avian groups. One, the South Cethus, Argentina American Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis: Caprimulgiformes), is nocturnal and eats fruit. The Reviewed by: other is a selection of diurnal, insect-eating swiftlets (species in the genera Aerodramus Noritaka Ichinohe, National Institute of Neuroscience, Japan and Collocalia:Apodidae)fromacrosstheIndo-Pacific.Birdecholocationisrestrictedto Lore Thaler, Durham University, UK lower frequencies audible to humans, implying a system of poorer resolution than the *Correspondence: ultrasonic (>20 kHz) biosonar of most bats and toothed whales. As such, bird echolocation Signe Brinkløv, Department of has been labeled crude or rudimentary. Yet, echolocation is found in at least 16 extant Biology, Western University, bird species and has evolved several times in avian lineages. Birds use their syringes to 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. produce broadband click-type biosonar signals that allow them to nest in dark caves and e-mail: [email protected] tunnels, probably with less predation pressure. There are ongoing discrepancies about several details of bird echolocation, from signal design to the question about whether echolocation is used during foraging. It remains to be seen if bird echolocation is as sophisticated as that of tongue-clicking rousette bats. -
Swiftlets and Edible Bird's Nest Industry in Asia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews (PJSRR - Universiti Putra Malaysia,... PJSRR (2016) 2(1): 32-48 eISSN: 2462-2028 © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews http://www.pjsrr.upm.edu.my/ Swiftlets and Edible Bird’s Nest Industry in Asia Qi Hao, LOOI a & Abdul Rahman, OMAR a, b* aInstitute of Bioscience, bFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor. [email protected] Abstract – Swiftlets are small insectivorous birds which breed throughout Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. Among many swiftlet species, only a few are notable to produce edible bird’s nests (EBN) from the secreted saliva during breeding seasons. The taxonomy of swiftlets remains one of the most controversial in the avian species due to the high similarity in morphological characteristics among the species. Over the last few decades, researchers have studied the taxonomy of swiftlets based on the morphological trade, behavior, and genetic traits. However, despite all the efforts, the swiftlet taxonomy remains unsolved. The EBN is one of the most expensive animal products and frequently being referred to as the “Caviar of the East”. The EBN market value varies from US$1000.00 to US$10,000.00 per kilogram depending on its grade, shape, type and origin. Hence, bird’s nest harvesting is considered a lucrative industry in many countries in Southeast Asia. However, the industry faced several challenges over the decades such as the authenticity of the EBN, the quality assurance and the depletion of swiftlet population. -
Sarawak—A Neglected Birding Destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI
30 BirdingASIA 13 (2010): 30–41 LITTLE-KNOWN AREA Sarawak—a neglected birding destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI Introduction It is our hope that this article will be a catalyst One of the ironies of birding in Asia is that despite for change. Alhough much of Sarawak has been the fact that Malaysia is one of the most popular logged and developed, the state still contains destinations for birdwatchers visiting the region, extensive tracts of rainforest habitat; it is still one very few visit the largest state in the country. of the least developed states in Malaysia once away Peninsular Malaysia, and the state of Sabah in east from the four main coastal cities. Given its extensive Malaysia, are well-known and are visited several coastline, Sarawak contains excellent wintering times a year by international bird tour operators grounds for waders and other waterbirds. BirdLife as well as by many independent birdwatchers. But International has designated 22 Important Bird Areas Malaysia’s largest state, Sarawak, which sits (IBAs) in Sarawak, the highest number for any state between the two and occupies one fifth of eastern in Malaysia and more than in all the states of west Borneo, is unfortunately often overlooked by Malaysia combined (18), whilst Sabah has 15 IBAs birdwatchers. The lack of attention given to (Yeap et al. 2007). Sarawak is not only a loss for birders, but also to the state, as the revenue that overseas birdwatchers Why do birders neglect Sarawak? bring in can be a powerful stimulus for protecting That Sarawak is neglected is clear from an examination forests, wetlands and other important bird habitats. -
Echolocation Acuity of the Palawan Swiftlet (Aerodramus Palawanensis)
Avocetta N° 17: 157-162 (1994) Echolocation acuity of the Palawan Swiftlet (Aerodramus palawanensis) CHARLEST. COLLlNS(l)and RICHARDMURPHy(2) (I)Dept. Biological Sciences, California St. Univ., Long Beach CA 90840 USA (2) The Cousteau Society, 870 Creenbrier Circle, Suite 402, Chesapeake VA 23320 USA Abstract - Echolocation acuity trials were conducted on Palawan Swiftlets (Aerodramus palawanensis) under natural conditions in Palawan, Philippine lslands. Detection of 3.2 mm diameter obstacles was significantly less than for 6.3 mm and 10 mm obstacles. These results are consistent with previous laboratory trials conducted on other swiftlets. They confirm that although echolocation is used for orientation in cave nesting and roosting areas it is unlikely to be effective in detecting their typically small « 5 mm) food iterns. Introduction report here similar experiments conducted with the PaIawan Swiftiet (Aerodramus palawanensis) under The ability to use echoIocation or animaI sonar is a naturai conditions in a Iarge nesting and roosting widespread and well studied specialization among cave. bats of the suborder Microchiroptera (Griffin 1958, Vincent 1963, Simmons et al. 1975, Busnell and Fish 1980). Among birds, echoIocation is known onIy for MetHoDs the OiIbird (Steatornis caripensis) a unique cave nesting caprimulgid of northern South America These experiments were conducted in the under- (Griffin 1954, Konishi and Knudsen 1979) and most, ground river cave in St. Pau I River Subterranean if not all, of the widespread species of cave swiftlets Nationai Park, PaIawan, Philippine Islands from 14- (Aerodramus sp.)(Medway and Pye 1977) which 21 September 1990. The tests were conducted in a occur from the western Indian Ocean isIands of side channei off the main cave about 200 m from the Mauritius and Reunion eastward to the islands of the entrance. -
NATIONAL PARKS I0 September, 1987 Mr
INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS JHM-6 Penang, Malaysia NATIONAL PARKS I0 September, 1987 Mr. Peter Bird Martin Executive Director Institute of Current World Affairs West Wheelock Street Hanover, NH 03755 LISA Dear Peter, Malaysia's national parks are some of the most impressive places I've seen anywhere. Including lowland and montane forests, mangroves, freshwater swamps, rivers, caves, and islands,.they contain representatives of most ecosystem types found in this region. These areas and Malaysia's nature reserves are virtually the only places where almost no Malaysian is allowed to achieve a feeling of accomplishment in putting something into the jungle, opening a wilderness, OF developing a wasteland. The area also tle only places of scaFce luman habitation where a foreigner-without pressing economic need can go without being considered a bit mad by most Malaysians. Malaysia does not tave a unified system of national parks; there is only one national park under Malaysia's federal authority. The Feat of the parks are in East Malaysia (Borneo) where the states of Sabah and SaFawak each retain autonomy in land use and forest management matters. Malaysia now l]as 17 national parks, overall (counting a few in East Malaysia still in initial stages of being constituted). In addition, there are i0 nature reserves in Peninsular Malaysia under the authority of Perhilitan (the federal office of wildlife and national parks) and several more in East Malaysia provided with varying levels of protection from encroachment OF development under state forest and wildlife protection laws. However, suffice it to say that Malaysia has just over a million hectares c)f terrestrial parks and reserves. -
Scanned Document
Malayan Nature Journal 2006, 59(2), 165 - 187 Small Mammal Survey at Two Sites in Planted Forest Zone, Bintulu, Sarawak DON E. WILSON1, KRISTOFER M.HELGEN1, CHIN SING YUN2 and BELDEN GIMAN2 Abstract: A survey for small mammals was done at two sites within the Forest Department of Sarawak's Planted Forests Project in the Bintulu Division. Sampling was carried out in Bukit Sarang, a flooded swamp forest, and in Samarakan forest, an area of mixed 6-7 year old Acacia mangium blocks interspersed with remnants of disturbed logged forest. A total of twenty-two chiropteran species was recorded from these sites, including the first confirmed Sarawak records of Hipposideros bicolor and Myotis montivagus, and two bat species possibly new to science. In addition, sixteen species of small mammals were recorded at both sites. A short taxonomic discussion including the regional significance is given for each species collected. The annotated checklist from these two areas revealed that certain mammal species do survive within Acacia plantings, while mammal species richness was high in designated conservation zones such as Bukit Sarang. Keywords. Bats, Small Mammals, Bukit Sarang, Acacia mangium. Planted Forest Zone Bintulu, Sarawak. INTRODUCTION During the late 1990s, the Sarawak State government began a major initiative to enhance the supply of industrial wood in its Planted Forests (Pulp and Paper) Project, and employed Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd as its principal contractor. The Planted Forest Zone (PFZ), located in the Bintulu Division, covers approximately 490,000 ha. Of this total, approximately 45% will be planted with the fast growing tree, Acacia mangium, while 30-35% has been set aside as conservation areas, either as large blocks (20,000-25,000 ha) or smaller forested riverine buffers or forest remnants within the acacia blocks. -
A Comprehensive Review of Edible Bird Nests and Swiftlet Farming
Journal homepage: www.jcimjournal.com/jim www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/20954964 Available also online at www.sciencedirect.com. Copyright © 2015, Journal of Integrative Medicine Editorial Offi ce. E-edition published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. ᲒReview "DPNQSFIFOTJWFSFWJFXPGFEJCMFCJSEOFTUTBOE TXJGUMFUGBSNJOH Lee Suan Chua1,2, Siti Najihah Zukefl i1,2 1. Metabolites Profi ling Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2. Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia ABSTRACT Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is currently widely consumed by the Chinese community as tonic food and functional food, which is believed to have many medicinal benefi ts. Some studies have reported the biochemical compositions of EBN, graded on the basis of colour, nitrate and nitrite contents. Other studies have shown signifi cant biological effects, while ongoing research is in progress to explore potential pharmacological applications. The high demand for EBNs in the global market has forced the local regulatory bodies to monitor swiftlet farming activities, including the EBN cleaning process. Furthermore, numerous techniques have been developed to authenticate EBN; proteomics is likely to be the most promising of these methods. However, there are limited numbers of relevant protein sequences deposited at the database. More research is needed at the molecular level to explore the mechanisms behind the biological functions, such as bone strength improvement, skin rejuvenation, epidermal growth factor activity and cell proliferation.The current and future prospects of EBN and swiftlet farming are critically reviewed in this article.