Capitalism and Socialism: Crash Course World History #33
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chapter 1 Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Globalization
Chapter 1 Cosmopolitanism in the Age of Globalization On the morning of February 24, 2006, the Japanese archipelago resounded with excitement, joy, and pride. At the Turin Winter Olympics, Arakawa Shizuka, representing Japan, won a gold medal in the women’s figure skating singles. More than 40 percent of Japanese households with televisions turned into the live-broadcasting to witness the moment Arakawa received a gold medal and sang the national anthem.1 I was watching the broadcast myself and, I admit, was moved by Arakawa’s outstanding performance that made her, as the broadcaster put it, “the first Asian woman who won a gold medal in the history of Olympic figure skating!”2 The event also excited me for a totally different reason: I realized that I could use it as a kind of “natural experiment” to probe Japanese youth’s national identities and understandings of national groups—what I was studying in Japan at the time. On the morning after, I went to Ms. Kojima’s second-grade classroom at Ueoka Elementary School. While I was setting up a portable chair in the back of the classroom, several students came up to me and, as usual, surrounded my chair. Since I began participant observation in Ms. Kojima’s classroom in June 2005 as a part of my fieldwork, 1 Nihon Keizai Shinbun on 28 February 2006. 2 Nihon Hōsō Kyōkai, Turin Olympics live-broadcasting on 24 February 2006. 1 it had become my routine to chat with students before asanokai, a morning homeroom meeting. On that morning there was a set of questions that I wanted to explore with second graders. -
Alan Greenspan: Adam Smith
Alan Greenspan: Adam Smith Remarks by Mr Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the US Federal Reserve System, at the Adam Smith Memorial Lecture, Kirkcaldy, Scotland, 6 February 2005. * * * Kirkcaldy - the birthplace, in 1723, of Adam Smith and, by extension, of modern economics - is also, of course, where your Chancellor of the Exchequer was reared. I am led to ponder to what extent the Chancellor's renowned economic and financial skills are the result of exposure to the subliminal intellect-enhancing emanations of this area. *** In the broad sweep of history, it is ideas that matter. Indeed, the world is ruled by little else. As John Maynard Keynes famously observed: "Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler of a few years back."1 Emperors and armies come and go; but unless they leave new ideas in their wake, they are of passing historic consequence. The short list of intellectuals who have materially advanced the betterment of civilization unquestionably includes Adam Smith. He is a towering contributor to the development of the modern world. In his Wealth of Nations, Smith reached far beyond the insights of his predecessors to frame a global view of how market economies, just then emerging, worked. In so doing, he supported changes in societal organization that were to measurably enhance world standards of living. For most of recorded history, people appear to have acquiesced in, and in some ways embraced, a society that was static and predictable. -
Markets Not Capitalism Explores the Gap Between Radically Freed Markets and the Capitalist-Controlled Markets That Prevail Today
individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson Individualist anarchists believe in mutual exchange, not economic privilege. They believe in freed markets, not capitalism. They defend a distinctive response to the challenges of ending global capitalism and achieving social justice: eliminate the political privileges that prop up capitalists. Massive concentrations of wealth, rigid economic hierarchies, and unsustainable modes of production are not the results of the market form, but of markets deformed and rigged by a network of state-secured controls and privileges to the business class. Markets Not Capitalism explores the gap between radically freed markets and the capitalist-controlled markets that prevail today. It explains how liberating market exchange from state capitalist privilege can abolish structural poverty, help working people take control over the conditions of their labor, and redistribute wealth and social power. Featuring discussions of socialism, capitalism, markets, ownership, labor struggle, grassroots privatization, intellectual property, health care, racism, sexism, and environmental issues, this unique collection brings together classic essays by Cleyre, and such contemporary innovators as Kevin Carson and Roderick Long. It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism. “We on the left need a good shake to get us thinking, and these arguments for market anarchism do the job in lively and thoughtful fashion.” – Alexander Cockburn, editor and publisher, Counterpunch “Anarchy is not chaos; nor is it violence. This rich and provocative gathering of essays by anarchists past and present imagines society unburdened by state, markets un-warped by capitalism. -
A History of Globalization 1750-2050
Department of History University of Warwick 3rd Year Advanced Option Course HI 31V A HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION 1750-2050 Module Booklet 2018-19 Course Tutor: Giorgio Riello Department of History Room H014, ext. 22163 Email: [email protected] 1 HI 31V ONE WORLD: A HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION, 1750-2050 Context We are perennially told that we live in a ‘global society’, that the world is fast becoming a ‘global village’ and that this is an age of ‘globalisation’. Yet globalisation, the increasing connectedness of the world, is not a new phenomenon. This course provides a historical understanding of globalisation over the period from the mid eighteenth century to the present. It aims to introduce students to key theoretical debates and multidisciplinary discussions about globalisation and to reflect on what a historical approach might add to our understanding of our present-day society and economy. The course considers a variety of topics including the environment, migration, the power of multinationals and financial institutions, trade, communication and the critique of globalisation. Principal Aims To introduce students through a thematic approach to modern global history (post 1750) and the history of globalization. To introduce students to key theories of globalization. To train students to consider contemporary debates in a historical perspective. To explore a range of topics related to globalization and understand how some key features of human history have changed over the period from 1750 to the present. To understand how globalization has shaped people’s lives since the industrial revolution. To provide students with perspectives on Globalization from the point of view of different world areas (ex: China, India, and Africa). -
Globalization: a Short History
CHAPTER 5 GLOBALIZATIONS )URGEN OSTERHAMMEL TI-IE revival of world history towards the end of the twentieth century was intimately connected with the rise of a new master concept in the social sciences: 'globalization.' Historians and social scientists responded to the same generational experience·---·the impression, shared by intellectuals and many other people round the world, that the interconnectedness of social life on the planet had arrived at a new level of intensity. The world seemed to be a 'smaller' place in the 1990s than it had been a quarter century before. The conclusions drawn from this insight in the various academic disciplines, however, diverged considerably. The early theorists of globalization in sociology, political science, and economics disdained a historical perspective. The new concept seemed ideally suited to grasp the characteristic features of contemporary society. It helped to pinpoint the very essence of present-day modernity. Historians, on their part, were less reluctant to envisage a new kind of conceptual partnership. An earlier meeting of world history and sociology had taken place under the auspices of 'world-system theory.' Since that theory came along with a good deal of formalisms and strong assumptions, few historians went so far as to embrace it wholeheartedly. The idiom of 'globalization,' by contrast, made fewer specific demands, left more room for individuality and innovation and seemed to avoid the dogmatic pitfalls that surrounded world-system theory. 'Globalization' looked like a godsend for world historians. It opened up a way towards the social science mainstream, provided elements of a fresh terminology to a field that had sutlcred for a long time from an excess of descriptive simplicity, and even spawned the emergence of a special and up""ttHlate variant of world history-'global history.' Yet this story sounds too good to be true. -
THE RISE of LIFESTYLE ACTIVISM from New Left to Occupy
THE RISE OF LIFESTYLE ACTIVISM From New Left to Occupy NIKOS SOTIRAKOPOULOS The Rise of Lifestyle Activism Nikos Sotirakopoulos The Rise of Lifestyle Activism From New Left to Occupy Nikos Sotirakopoulos Loughborough University United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-137-55102-3 ISBN 978-1-137-55103-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-55103-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947743 © Th e Editor(s) (if applicable) and Th e Author(s) 2016 Th e author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identifi ed as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Th is work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Th e use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Th e publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
TIMELINES Newsletter of the ASA History of Sociology Section July 2013, No
HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY SECTION, AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION JULY 2013, NO. 21 TIMELINES Newsletter of the ASA History of Sociology Section July 2013, No. 21 , Richard Swedberg INSIDE Message from the Chair History of Sociology as a Working Memory (Part 2) ESSAYS Message from the Chair 1 In the last issue of this news- study of good quality. Wilner Figures 3 letter I suggested that one way of My suggestion is that members of looking at the history of sociology is HOS may want to devote attention to to see it as the working memory of both of these tasks. While having EVENTS AT ASA sociology. In this brief follow-up ar- access to a high quality history of HoS Events at ASA 4-5 ticle I want to continue with this ar- sociology is important and valuable New Symposium 6 gument and spell out some of its im- to all sociologists (Task 1), it may Doctoral Students & plications. not engage their direct interest and Early Career Sociologists The history of sociology, I argue, more than, say, historians of sociolo- has two main functions. One is to gy are directly concerned with what NEWS produce the history of sociology in a is going on in one and every subfield Report: Award Panel 12 narrow sense, a bit like the task of of sociology. What immediately con- Recent publications 14 historians is to carefully write and cerns all sociologists, however, is the Book Spotlight 15 Announcement 16 analyze the history of the past. This kind of knowledge of the past that Section Awards 19 is a task that typically only experts in they need to have in order to carry Awards and Honors 19 the history of sociology will engage out their own research in a compe- in. -
Globalization in Historical Perspective - David Northrup
WORLD SYSTEM HISTORY – Globalization in Historical Perspective - David Northrup GLOBALIZATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE David Northrup Department of History, Boston College, USA Keywords: Age of Divergence, globalization, Great Convergence, Great Divergence Contents 1. What is Globalization? 2. When did Globalization Begin? 2.1. The Industrial Revolution 2.2. The rise of the West 2.3. The Riches of the East 3. Turning Points 3.1. The Great Divergence of East and West 3.2 The Rise of the East 4. Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary It is generally recognized that a phenomenon known as “globalization” is rapidly altering lives in every corner of the planet. However, here is little scholarly agreement about how to define globalization and when it began. This essay argues that it is necessary to define globalization broadly, including the interactions of political, cultural, social, and biological aspects, as well as the more obvious economic ones, in order to trace its historical development. After reviewing various starting points that researchers in different disciplines have proposed, the essay distinguishes remote “beginnings” from critical “tipping points” and identifies three major tipping points that led to the present process of global convergence: the consolidation of Asian and Indian Ocean networks beginning about a millennium ago, the new sea routes opened by European expansion about five centuries ago, and the Industrial Revolution of two centuries ago. It suggests that the past millennium during which societies came closer togetherUNESCO may be distinguished from the –rest ofEOLSS human history which was dominated by divergent forces that divided human communities from each other. 1. -
Appendix: a Short Note on Karl Marx, Max Weber and Arnold Toynbee
Appendix: A Short Note on Karl Marx, Max Weber and Arnold Toynbee 1 Societies as Sequence of Modes of Production (Marx) In terms of historical events, the teaching of Karl Marx became most influential. Understood or misunderstood, it turned into (to use his own words) a material force in many parts of the world. Thus Marxism does not deserve our attention merely as an alternative perception but also as a social phenomenon, an object of our observation. Four basic assumptions distinguish the Marxist school from all others. First, that the main driving force in history is the class struggle between those who exploit and those who are exploited; this in turn presupposes that economic considerations combined with the division of labour are the most important type of motivation for human action. Second, that with the exception of the earliest (prehistorical) stage of development, which can be described as primitive communism, the whole history of mankind can be divided up according to the main positions and fronts in the class struggle, which in their turn alter with the changes in the main type of means of production and type of ownership, thus constituting the sequence of social formations. Third, that the above-mentioned mode of human relationships will be brought to an end and replaced by a more harmonious relationship in the future. Fourth, that this will happen as a result of conscious action by that class which bears the brunt of the most recent type of exploitation, and that it will happen under the ideological leadership of its vanguard, that is, of those who have got the ‘right understanding’ of the laws of history. -
World History
LB 1629 .18 STATE OF lOWA .W67 1930 1930 Courses of Study for High Schools WORLD HISTORY Issued by the Department of Public Instruction AGNES SAMUELSON, Superintendent This book is the property of the district Published by THE STATE OF IOWA Des Moines STATE OF IOWA 1930 Courses· of Study for I High Schools WORLD HISTORY Issued by the Department of P ublic Instruction AGNES SAMUELSON, Superintendent TillS BOOK IS THE PROPERTY OF THE DISTRICT Published by THE STATE OF IOWA Des Moines CONTENTS Page Foreword 5 Acknowledgments 7 General Introduction 9 Course of Study for World History Introduction 11 I The Dawn of Civilization 14 II Greco-Roman Civilization 18 III Th:e Civilization of the Middle Ages 24 COPYRIGHT 1930 IV 'fhe Transition to Modern Times 30 By the m'ATE OF IOWA V Absolutism and the Struggle for World Power 36 VI An Era of Revolution 42 VII Nationalism and Imperial Expansion 48 VIII The World War and World Reconstruction 54 FORE'WORD This course of study is one of a series of cmriculum publications to be pre sented the high schools of the state from time to time by the Department of Public Instruction. It has been prepared by a subject committee of the Iowa High School Course of Study Commission working under the immediate direction of an Executive Committee. If it is of concrete guidance to the teachers of the state in improving the outcomes of instruction, the major objective of all who have contributed to its construction will have been realized. From the start the need of preparing working materials based upon cardinal objectives and adaptable to classroom situations was emphasized. -
Historiography
HISTORIOGRAPHY HIST 3000, Fall 2013, TR 8.00-9.15 AM Charlie McAllister, ADM 334, 704/637-4344 (O) and 336/287-4403 (C) [email protected] Historiography means "writing the story." It is the study of history as an intellectual discipline. Our concern is thus not with the past as such, but with the ways in which we can try to understand and interpret it. Our approach takes four stages. First, we study in general terms the basic methodological problems of history: evidence and explanation. Second, we use case studies in global history to understand both the interpreting of primary evidence and the interaction between the present and the past. Third, we examine the methodological and philosophical concerns of history as viewed by historians from Herodotus to Braudel. Finally, you produce formal essays on various historiographical methods using the Internet and other electronic resources. WEBBOOKS -- http://faculty.catawba.edu/cmcallis/history/history.htm CORE -- For the second part of our syllabus (Connecting) and other insights, visit our WebBooks page. TEXTS Mark T. Gilderhus, History and Historians: A Historiographical Introduction (Prentice Hall, 7e, 2010) Thucydides, On Justice, Power, and Human Nature, trans. Paul Woodruff (Hackett, 1993) William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White, Elements of Style (Allyn & Bacon, 4e, 1999) A collegiate dictionary, thesaurus, and Bible ABBREVIATIONS BBD = Blackboard Document R = Response Z = Zinger CW = ClioWeb Project WR = Web Response DATE DAY DAILY ASSIGNMENTS DUE ACT I: DOING HISTORY AUG 22 R WHAT HISTORIOGRAPHY ISN'T 27 T WHAT HISTORIOGRAPHY IS: Bone Yards, I -- Clio Connecting and R Becker and AHA Skills [BBD], Gilderhus (Preface and Chapter 1), and cemetery visit report [R]. -
For an Immanent Critique of a Neoliberal Form of Life Por Uma Crítica Imanente a Uma Forma De Vida Neoliberal
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2021.e79812 FOR AN IMMANENT CRITIQUE OF A NEOLIBERAL FORM OF LIFE POR UMA CRÍTICA IMANENTE A UMA FORMA DE VIDA NEOLIBERAL BÁRBARA BURIL1 (UFSC/Brasil) ALESSANDRO PINZANI2 (UFSC/CNPq – Brasil) ABSTRACT This paper departs from the assumption that the critique of neoliberalism should not restrict itself to a criticism of an economic project. Another possible criticism of neoliberalism consists of a critique of how this specific form of life forms subjects. In this paper, we argue that a critique of a form of life is only justified in a reasonable way if it starts from the experiences of suffering produced by this form of life. As we will show, we must criticise neoliberalism not because it is inadequate for solving problems, since for a specific portion of the world population it has been extremely effective, but because it causes suffering. Suffering, unlike mere unsolved problems, represents sufficient grounds for highlighting the existence of a normative problem in a form of life. According to Max Horkheimer, the first step of a critical project committed to the transformation of a form of life are the crises of the present, which are not fully understood through the theoretical tools of “problem solving” or “learning processes”, as Rahel Jaeggi resorts to in her critical theory of society. Keywords: Forms of life; Immanent critique; Neoliberalism; Rahel Jaeggi; Suffering. RESUMO Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que a crítica ao neoliberalismo não deve se restringir a uma crítica a um projeto econômico. Outra crítica possível ao neoliberalismo consiste em uma crítica a como essa forma específica de vida constitui sujeitos.