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Carpenters of Japanese Ancestry in Hawaii Hisao Goto Kazuko
Craft History and the Merging of Tool Traditions: Carpenters of Japanese Ancestry in Hawaii Hisao Goto Kazuko Sinoto Alexander Spoehr For centuries the Japanese have made extensive use of wood as the main raw material in the construction of houses and their furnishings, temples, shrines, and fishing boats. As a wood-worker, the carpenter is one of the most ancient of Japanese specialists. He developed a complex set of skills, a formidable body of technical knowledge, and a strong tradition of craftsmanship to be seen and appreciated in the historic wood structures of contemporary Japan.1 The first objective of this study of carpenters of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii is to throw light on how the ancient Japanese craft of carpentry was transplanted from Japan to a new social, cultural, and economic environment in Hawaii through the immigration of Japanese craftsmen and the subsequent training of their successors born in Hawaii. Despite its importance for the understanding of economic growth and develop- ment, the craft history of Hawaii has not received the attention it deserves. The second objective of the study is more anthropological in nature and is an attempt to analyze how two distinct manual tool traditions, Japanese and Western, met and merged in Hawaii to form a new composite tool tradition. This aspect of the study falls in a larger field dealing with the history of technology and of tool traditions in general. Carpentry today, both in Japan and in the United States, relies heavily on power rather than hand tools. Also, carpenters tend to be specialized, and construction is to a major degree a matter of assembling prefabricated parts. -
Sustainable Trail Bridge Design
U.S. Department of Transportation United States Department of Agriculture Federal Highway Administration Sustainable Trail Bridge Design Forest National Technology & 2023–2805P–NTDP March 2020 Service Development Program 2300–Recreation Sustainable Trail Bridge Design Notice Ordering Information This document was produced in cooperation with You can order a copy of this document using the the Recreational Trails Program of the U.S. Depart- order form on FHWA’s Recreational Trails Program ment of Transportation’s Federal Highway Adminis- website <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rec- tration in the interest of information exchange. The reational_trails/publications/trailpub.cfm> U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of Fill out the order form and submit it electronically. information contained in this document. Or you may email your request to: [email protected] The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names Or you may mail your request to: appear in this report only because they are consid- Szanca Solutions/FHWA PDC ered essential to the objective of this document. 700 North 3rd Avenue The contents of this report reflect the views of the Altoona, PA 16601 authors, who are responsible for the facts and Fax: 814–239–2156 accuracy of the data presented herein. The con- tents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of Produced by the U.S. Department of Transportation. This report USDA Forest Service does not constitute a standard, specification, or National Technology and Development Program regulation. 5785 Hwy. 10 West Missoula, MT 59808–9361 Phone: 406–329–3978 Fax: 406–329–3719 Email: [email protected] U.S. -
Timber Planking, Puncheon and Boardwalk Structures
California State Parks Trails Handbook Chapter 15. Timber Planking, Puncheons, and Boardwalks ................................. 15-1 15.1. Best Management Practices ....................................................................... 15-2 15.2. Timber Planking .......................................................................................... 15-2 15.2.1. Applications ............................................................................................ 15-2 15.2.2. Construction ........................................................................................... 15-3 15.3. Puncheons ................................................................................................... 15-4 15.3.1. Applications ............................................................................................ 15-4 15.3.2. Construction ........................................................................................... 15-9 15.3.3. Curved Puncheons ............................................................................... 15-26 15.3.3.1. Parallel Mudsills ........................................................................... 15-31 15.3.3.2. Flared Mudsills ............................................................................. 15-31 15.3.4. Equestrian Puncheons.......................................................................... 15-32 15.4. Boardwalks ................................................................................................ 15-35 15.4.1. Applications ......................................................................................... -