A School Custcdial Training Program Fcf. the State of Ohio
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A SCHOOL CUSTCDIAL TRAINING PROGRAM FCF. THE STATE OF OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in partial Fulfillment of tne Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University Py HAROID LEROY NICHOLS, A.P., N.A. The Ohio State University 1952 Approved b; Adviser ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the preparation of thia dissertation tne writer wishes to express his sincere appreciation for tne valuable advice and assistance of the following staff members of the Department of Education, The Ohio State University. Dr. E. E. Lewis, Dr. J. R. Strobe 1, Dr. L. B. Jacobs, and Dr. D. H. Eikenberry. Dr|, Lewis and Dr. Strobe 1 rendered invaluable service tnrough constructive criticisms and suggestions. The writer's interest in improving custodial services [is a direct result of working in the Survey Division of the Bujreau of Educational Kes&arcn of Tne Ohio State University. Dr. E. B. I Sessions of the Survey Division deserves special acknowledgment. Kis enthusiastic interest in the custodians of Ouio clayed ja major role in the selection of tne subject by tne vriter an|d i nls advice and encouragement were invaluable to tne completion of the study. | Recognition is also due Robert Reese, Supervisor of Tracle and Industrial Education Service of the Division cf Vocational ! Education,and George Brandon, Public Service Consultant of jtne Trade and Industrial Education Service for tneir fine co-opjeration in supplying valuable information for trie study. ii 90945H TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I INTRODUCTION................................ 1 Statement ol the Problem . • 1 Statement, of Purpoeee * . • 1 Definition of Custodian . 3 Justifications of the Study, h Limitations of the Study . , e Related Studies • • • • 10 Sources of Data and Method . of Investigation . 13 Over View of the Dissertation 16 II THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SCHOOL CUSTODIAN 16 PROM AN EDUCATIONAL VIEWPOINT . 19 Teaching Responsibilities 20 Staff Responsibilities. • • 26 Pupil Responsibilities. • 29 Educational Environment . • Responsibilities . 31 Moral and Morale Responsibilities. 3u Public Relations Responsibilities. H2 FBDM A HEALTH ANT? SAFETY VIEWPOINT . Health ...... U3 Safety ...... U6 FROM A FINANCIAL VIEWPOINT h9 New Construction • • • • 51 Operation, Maintenance, and Repair 53 Supplie s and Equipment. III ATE, FCFJiAL EDUCATION, YNARS OF . EXPERIENCE, AND PERSONNEL POLICIES OF SCHOOL BOARDS PERTAINING TO . 2,200 OF THE 6,500 SCHOOL CUSTODIAN . Or OHIO. ...... PERSONAL 4 UAL INI CAT ICIJS OF 3CHOOL OUSTCDIANS .... 62 Age of School Custodians . • 63 Formal Education of Sciiool Cut.tocian£> 65 Experience of School Custodians . lii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) CHAPTER PA POLICIES OF 3QAHDS OF EDUCATION. PERTAININ3 TO SCHOOL CUSTODIANS. 69 Selection of Cuctodians . 71 Work Hours and Work Loads . 76 Walfara Considerations .... 76 IV CURRENT ATTITUDES IK OHIO CONCERNING CUSTODIAL TRAINING AND STATE .... CERTIFICATION. .... 61 ATTITUDES C0NCERIN3 CUSTODIAL TRAINING 61 Attitudes cf School Administrators. Toward Custodial Training 62 Attitudes of Boards of Education . Concerning Custodial Trainui..;. • Attitudes of School Custodians • Toward Training. .... t- I Attitudes of Members of tne State. Department of Educati or. • • Concerning Custodial Training. bo Attitudes of tne General Public . Concerning Custodial Training. 6 9 ATTITUDES CONCERNING STATE. CERTIFICATION OF CUSTCDIANS 69 Attitudes of School Administrators . Concerning Certification. • • 90 Attitudes of Other Interested • . Agencies Concerning Certification • 91 A Proposed Bill for the Certification • of School Custodians. 93 A SURVEY OF CURRENT SCHOOL CUSTODIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS IK T:G£ UNITED STATES . 97 ORGANIZATIONS AND PERSONS INFLUENCING CUSTODIAL TRAINING ....................... 9 7 CUSTODIAL TRAIKIIiG JROGHAL3 SFGNSOFhJj III PUBLIC SCHOOLS . 103 Present Status of Public School • 106 Sponsored Programs • . • Basic Date . * . 111 Source of Instructors . 113 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) CHAPTER PAGE Content and Characteristics. or Training Course* • • 113 Values from Custodial Training • In Public Scnoola • • • 118 Description of the Seattle,. Washington Custodial . Training Program . 122 CUSTODIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS SPONSORED BT STATE DEPARTMENTS. OF EDUCATION......................... 12? Present Status• . • 126 Content of Training Programs 132 Values . « . ■ • 13 u Description of tne Ulcnlgan. Custodial Training Program 13? CUSTODIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS SPONSORED BT COLLEGES AM) UNIVERSITIES 13 c Current Status. • • • 139 Source of Instruction . la . Content and Characteristics. of Training Courses . 1U2 Values from Custodial Training Programs Sponsored by Colleges and Universities . • lhJU Description of The Ohio State University Sponsored Custodial Training Program . la? CUSTODIAL TRAINING THROIOH * . CIVIL SERVICE . 190 CUSTODIAL TRAINING THROUGH . LABOR UNIONS. If? Advantages of Various Types of • Training Programs *. 193 Advantages of Locally Sponsored • Programs . 193 State Sponsored Programs. • 15U University Sponsored Programs 181* v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CCNTINUisD) CHAPTER. PAGE VI FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS UPON. WHICH PRINCIPLES ARE BASED. 157 Tne Number of School Custodians in Ohio and the Uni tod States. 157 Qualifications of tr*e School. • Custodian. .... 158 Opinions and Reactions of Ohio School Superintendents . Concerning Custodial . Responsibilities . 15? Current Status of School » . Custodians in Ohio Relative . to Ap-e, Education and . Experience. .... 16 h Policies Concerning Selection, Work Loads, Salary , Sick. Leave, and Retirement for . Custodians in Ohio Schools . 167 Attitudes of Scnool Administrators and other Interested Ar-encius. in Ohio Concerning a State wide Custodial Trainiiig . Program and State Certification of School Custodians. 16y Custodial Training in Ohio 171 Custodial Training Programs . Currently in Operation in the Uhited States. 173 Types and Content of Custodial Training Programs . 175 Methods of Instruction . 170 Source of Ins truetors . 177 Methods of Financing Custodial . Training Programs Currently in Existence in trie United St^t^ 17-“ Values Resulting from Custodial . Training Programs . 179 VII PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE ORGANIZATION . AND OPERATION OF A STATE-WIDE FROG RAM . OF CUSTODIAL TRAINING.................... ltl vi TABLE OF CONTENT (CONTINUE!;) CHAPTER PAJE SEVENTEEN PRINCIPLES GOVERNIHG THE. ORGANIZATION OF A STATE-WIDE . CUSTODIAL TRAINING FROG RAN IN OHIO. .... 102 FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES GOVERNING . THE OPERATION OF AREA CUSTODIAL TRAINING PROGRAMS . 206 PRESENT THEORIES OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. 209 VIII PROPOSALS REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A STATE-WIDE CUSTODIAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR OHIO . 212 PROPOSALS . 21J DESIRED OUTCCLOiS OF TllE STATE WIDE CUSTODIAL TRAINING PROGRAM 22 9 FIVE PHASES SUGGESTED FOR INITIATING THE ST ATE-.TIDE CUSTODIAL TRAIN 1171 PROGRAM 230 First. Phase . U Second Phase 232 Third Phase . 2? 4 Fourth Pnase 23‘ Fifth Phase 23S REC OM E N D A T IONS . 23 6 APPENDIX 1 . 239 APPENDIX 2 . 2U6 APPENDIX 3 . 202 APPENDIX L . BIBLIOGRAPHY. 71 AUTOBIOGRAPHY CO vii LIST OF TA3LES TABUS PASS 1 irjWBHR AND PER CENT OF CITY, . EXEMPTED VILLAGE, AND LOCA1 . SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS INDICATING THE EXTENT CF TiiE CUSTODIAN'S. AWARENESS 07 THE PHILOSOPHY PURP03ES OF EDUCATION IN TiJEIR SCHOOLS. 22 2 AND PER CENT OF CITY, . EXEMPTED VILLA iE, AID LOCAL SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS i:3)ICATINI T;-2i EXTEfT CUSTODIANS CAN CONTRIBUTE AS RESOURCE PERSONS I!' TiS EDUCATIONAL PROGRAI 3 KllBHR AID P R CENT C5 CITY, EXEMPTED VILLAGE, AND LCCAL SCHOOL s u p e r i n t *:?;t t :t s s x p r e s s ^n ; SATISFACTION WITc T:EIR CHCfTTANS AS T NSC'NRC ; PSTISC: J Y -4 KuiGFH: AIT- PEP CENT CP CITY, . EXEi-PTED VILLAGE, AIT LCCAL . SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS UTICA" H. ; THE HATE1 T CF CO-OPERATION EETWSEI TEACHERS AND CUSTODIANS. 30 5 NUMBBR AND PER CENT CF CITY, . EXEMPTED VILLAGE, AND LGCAI SC.iOCL SUPERINTENDENTS INDICATING Tii£ TCTEIT CF T*L INFLUENCE OF T.GI CU^TCDLAi: OK hOUSEKEEniG STAIDAId) FULLER A’.D PEh CENT CF NFIY, . EH S. FT ED VILLA FE, AND LOCAL . SCHOOL SlPSrani'EHDHNTS snpe i l^ h .: GATISFAITIC :: //IT.: T..SUi CUSTODIANS t - - ■ • riT>* ' • ■'T* -k-. 4’"Y * * f' ^: * • -*' * - /'v- n' UNITING S^AILAIJio. n u b eh a :x > pet: c h i t c f c i t y , . HXHi.FTHD VILLAGE, A.L> LOCAL o IPHr i :t e .o e n t s ijl^ c i t i . g ,r e INFLUENCE CF T.iE ulSTGDIAK ON. scncri : c h a l e viil LIST CF TABLES (CGI TILLED) TABI£ PAGE e number aits pan c e : t cf city, . EXEl-PTED VILLAGE, A.D LOCAL SCHOOL. SUFHKILTENDEI.TS EXPRESSING SATISFACTION WITH TiiEIIi CUSTODIANS. CONTRIBUTIONS TC SCHOOL '..(JiALE 39 9 NUMBER AID PER CENT OF CITY, . EXE) PIED VILLA IE, AID LOCAL SCHOOL. SLTCRINTENDENTS INDICATIIO TINFLIENC OF THE CUSTODIANS ON NOPAL STANDARD IN THE SCHOOL. ..... HO 10 NUMBER AID PER CENT OF CITY, . EXE. PTED VILLAGE, AID LOCAL SCuOCL. SITDT.INTEIDEITJ GNFRESSIW1 SAT ISFA CTI ON WITH THEIR CIST CD IANS. CONTRIBUTIONS TO I'CRAL ST AND AIDS . il 11 I XT/HER AID PER CENT CF CITY, . EXEMPT ED VILLAGE, AND LOCAL SC.XC1. SUPERIITSMIHNTS EYFT ESS 7 NT SAT is FA CT HI WIT.; TIiST. CUSTODIANS CCTTRIF.UTlXN IN pi , oi'CT n :: i e a lth a :. n sa .■ ety n e<uu .ks II T..E SCHOOL . l? NLFBH’ A .1 PEN CH.T OF CITY, . EXE1-FT HD VILLA:!, AND LOCAL BCHOCI. SUPERINTENDENTS EXPRESSING SAT IS FACT I C \ WITH T.HEIR CUSTODIANS CCMTTLIPITIOM. TO ^AHTEIJINCE AID RTPAIR WORK 13 NUI.'RER AND PER CHIT OF CITY, HXXiTHD VILLA IE, AND LOCAL SCHOOL SUPER- . INTEIIDENTS EXPRESSING SAT LSI-ACTION. WITH THEIR CUSTODIAN EFFICIENT AID. ECOIVOV.ICAL USE OF SUPPLIES