Camilo José Cela : Poética Y Ensayismo

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Camilo José Cela : Poética Y Ensayismo UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LINGÜÍSTICA GENERAL Y TEORÍA DE LA LITERATURA PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO “T EORÍA DE LA LITERATURA Y DEL ARTE Y LITERATURA COMPARADA ” TESIS CAMILO JOSÉ CELA : POÉTICA Y ENSAYISMO (ESTUDIO Y EDICIÓN COMENTADA , 1942-1991) DOCTORANDO Rodrigo Pardo Fernández DIRECTOR Antonio Chicharro Chamorro GRANADA 2009 Editor: Editorial de la Universidad de Granada Autor: Rodrigo Pardo Fernández D.L.: GR. 3086-2009 ISBN: 978-84-692-5109-6 Camilo José Cela: poética y ensayismo 3 Le juro que no puedo saber lo que pienso hasta que no lo veo escrito. CAMILO JOSÉ CELA , El asesinato del perdedor Ud. desgraciadamente para la antipatía intui- tiva que le profeso, sigue siendo el mejor no- velista de ahora (y de ayer: mi admirado Pío Baroja no es más que un imitador retrospecti- vo de usted). MIGUEL VILLALONGA , carta a Camilo José Cela del 24 de agosto de 1945 Camilo José Cela: poética y ensayismo 5 ÍNDICE Introducción 9 PARTE PRIMERA . C AMILO JOSÉ CELA , POÉTICA Y ENSAYISMO 13 1. En torno a Camilo José Cela, escritor 15 1.1. De la censura a la crítica 21 1.2. La historia y el olvido 27 1.3. De literatura y cosas peores 41 2. Aproximaciones a la crítica inmediata, la crítica literaria y la crítica celiana 61 2.1. Crítica inmediata versus teoría literaria 63 2.2. Los escritores como críticos 84 2.3. La crítica frente a la literatura 111 3. La poética irreverente de Camilo José Cela 113 3.1. El escritor sobre sí mismo 115 3.2. La novela celiana 122 3.3. El intelectual y la dura tarea de la literatura 133 PARTE SEGUNDA . A NTOLOGÍA Y EDICIÓN COMENTADA DE TEXTOS ENSAYÍSTICOS 153 Notas a la edición comentada 155 Sobre el escritor, la escritura y el libro 161 1. Divagación bordeando la estética 163 2. Nuestro amigo el padre Feijoo 174 3. Notas a una postura 180 4. Idilios y fantasías 186 5. Otra vez Marruecos en nuestra literatura 192 6. Un libro de Cervantes 199 7. Alguna ligera cualidad 204 8. Bases para una posible cooperación intelectual 212 6 Pardo Fernández 9. La galera de la literatura 219 10. Cauteloso tiento para lo que pudiera tronar 245 11. Nota sobre la herramienta literaria 274 12. Dos tendencias de la nueva literatura española 280 13. Última recapitulación 297 14. El intelectual y la acción 305 15. A los cuarenta y cinco años del Ulises 319 16. De algo, no de alguien 324 17. Primero, naide ; después, Cervantes, y después, todos los demás 330 Sobre las artes de novelar 337 18. Sobre el concepto de novela 339 19. Bang-Go-Koo 348 20. Estética de la novela en Miguel de Unamuno 353 21. Viejos personajes eternos 369 22. Los colegiales de san Marcos 376 23. A vueltas con la novela 379 24. El Duero venía loco , de Segismundo Luengo 388 25. Nota a la primera edición 395 26. Sobre las artes de novelar 399 27. Prólogo a Mrs. Caldwell habla con su hijo . Algunas palabras al que leyere 405 28. Tobogán de hambrientos (prólogo a una novela que así se llama) 414 29. La comba de la novela 423 30. Palabras para un simposio de novela 431 31. Nota a la cuarta edición de La colmena 444 Camilo José Cela: poética y ensayismo 7 Sobre la crítica literaria 447 32. Sobre el concepto de la crítica de libros 449 Sobre la crítica 454 33. Breve anticipo 34. Se empieza hablando de la crítica 35. Se sigue con lo mismo 36. Función de la crítica 37. Las “normas positivas” en el crítico 38. Las “normas negativas” en el crítico 39. La labor del crítico 40. La historia literaria y la crítica 41. Caracterización de los críticos “exclusivos” 42. La crítica no exclusiva Sobre la lengua española 493 43. Hacia una revalorización del idioma 495 44. Carta a Fidel Castro 501 45. Las lenguas españolas 508 PARTE DOCUMENTAL 515 Bibliografía sobre Camilo José Cela 517 a. Libros 517 b. Tesis 526 c. Artículos 528 Selección de websites para la investigación celiana 567 a. Obras de creación digitalizadas de CJC 567 b. Estudios literarios y textos críticos periodísticos 571 i. Crítica sobre CJC 571 ii. Notas en diarios y revistas 574 iii. Reseñas 578 8 Pardo Fernández iv. Biografías y semblanzas 580 c. Espacios de reflexión y webs institucionales 582 v. Webs institucionales 582 vi. Websites universitarias 585 vii. Websites sobre CJC 586 d. Webs bibliográficas 588 e. Catálogos de bibliotecas 590 viii. Catálogos en español 590 ix. Catálogos en otras lenguas 592 x. Audio y vídeo 600 CONCLUSIONES 601 REFERENCIAS 609 ANEXOS 635 I. Relación bibliográfica de la ensayística celiana 637 II. Notas para una edición crítica 641 Camilo José Cela: poética y ensayismo 9 Introducción La lectura de un autor es la lectura de un mundo. Es por ello que cuando considero leer a Camilo José Cela ( CJC ), leer en primer lugar su obra crítica, y de manera paralela y complementaria su obra narrativa, lo que hago es aproximarme a su perspectiva de la realidad, al modo en que la conforma, al modo en que la conforma coherente en la escritura. En el caso del estudio sobre Cela la cuestión es abordarlo en prime- ra instancia como escritor, preguntarnos por su obra y por cuál ha sido su trayectoria, cuáles han sido sus referentes para desarrollar la misma. En segundo término, abordar la cuestión del escritor como crítico, del escritor que cuestiona su propia obra y la de otros, con una perspectiva que quiere ir más allá de la mera constatación de hechos, que pretende ahondar en las formas de crear y de conformar historias, de llevar a la práctica el complejo proceso de la literatura. De esta manera, he intentado esbozar algunas vías de investigación sobre la pregunta esencial de si el escritor como crítico, es decir, no sólo creador, sino sujeto reflexivo sobre el mundo, se conforma gracias a ello como un intelectual. 1 ¿Qué es ser crítico?, ¿es ser lo que se considera un intelectual? ¿Cuál es el papel de un intelectual vinculado a lo literario, o como sujeto que desarrolla su labor a partir de la práctica de la literatura? ¿Un escritor es, por serlo, un intelectual? Si el escritor puede conformarse como crítico, ¿hasta dónde llegan sus posibilidades? ¿Hasta qué punto es capaz de transformar, ahondar, en la realidad que lo rodea? 1 Podríamos decir, quizá, como écriviant , en los términos que define Roland Barthes (1983). 10 Pardo Fernández En el siguiente apartado me permito proponer una suerte de anto- logía de textos críticos de Cela publicados a lo largo de casi cincuenta años, en los cuales desarrolla una labor crítica, y al tiempo una labor inte- lectual en relación a la historia de la cultura y de la literatura en la España de posguerra. Este conjunto de textos no agota, ni mucho menos, el conjunto de su obra crítica, pero sí permite un primer, esencial, acercamiento a su forma de pensar la literatura, la escritura, la literatura en tanto práctica social, en cuanto oficio, como proceso. Esta antología no sólo reúne un conjunto de artículos, sino que también pretende anotarlos, acotarlos, señalar sus perspectivas, recono- cer sus límites y, sobre todo, puntualizar lo que Cela concibe, lo que pro- pone y al tiempo cuestiona de su propio quehacer y la escritura de sus contemporáneos. Esta serie de artículos se encuentra clasificada de acuerdo con su temática en los índices respectivos, pero para su mejor comprensión, para dar una idea de la forma en que el pensamiento y la práctica de CJC se construyen, mantener estrictamente un orden cronológico. Para complementar he propuesto un glosario de términos. Por úl- timo, he conformado una bibliografía, un conjunto de obras de referen- cia utilizadas en el desarrollo de la tesis, y como un anexo, me he permitido reunir, a partir de una búsqueda bibliohemerográfica a través de recursos digitales, una bibliografía sobre Cela y sobre él lo más com- pleta posible, en la medida en que puede serlo teniendo en cuenta los alcances de este estudio. Es claro que en mi apreciación de lo que es o lo que debe ser un intelectual, o mi delimitación del quehacer del escritor y su perspectiva, Camilo José Cela: poética y ensayismo 11 su mundo crítico, el alcance de su pensamiento, he optado por dar prio- ridad a los autores cuyo pensamiento o bien coincide con mi perspecti- va o bien me sirve como referencia para contrastar, refrendar o negar ciertas posturas relacionadas con la escritura, la labor crítica, o el escri- tor como intelectual. No puedo, de ninguna manera, pretender agotar las múltiples posibilidades, los cientos de reflexiones que escritores de todas las épo- cas realizaron sobre su propia labor y la labor de sus contemporáneos. Intentar tal hazaña excede por mucho los límites de esta investigación. Lo que he pretendido, a partir del análisis de la obra de Cela, no consi- derado hasta ahora, desde el punto de vista de la crítica académica, co- mo un crítico o como un intelectual más allá de su obra narrativa; a partir de este punto de referencia he tratado de remitir, configurar una serie de redes comprensivas con el pensamiento de otros escritores, con la práctica de otros críticos que permita relacionar, ahondar y com- prender de la mejor manera posible el pensamiento de un escritor que, a pesar de sus muchos méritos reconocidos desde las instituciones, a pesar del reconocimiento de su público, es sumamente difícil de ras- trear, o identificar como origen, como influencia de otros escritores, de otras prácticas discursivas, al menos en las letras españolas del siglo XX y la primera década del XXI .
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