The State of the Poor: Where Are the Poor and Where Are They Poorest?1
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India's Imperative for Jobs, Growth, and Effective Basic Services
McKinsey Global Institute McKinsey Global Institute From poverty imperativeFrom for jobs, growth, empowerment: and to effective India’s basic services February 2014 From poverty to empowerment: India’s imperative for jobs, growth, and effective basic services The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, was established in 1990 to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. Our goal is to provide leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management and policy decisions. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on six themes: productivity and growth; natural resources; labor markets; the evolution of global financial markets; the economic impact of technology and innovation; and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, the economic impact of the Internet, and the future of manufacturing. MGI is led by three McKinsey & Company directors: Richard Dobbs, James Manyika, and Jonathan Woetzel. Michael Chui, Susan Lund, and Jaana Remes serve as MGI partners. Project teams are led by the MGI partners and a group of senior fellows, and include consultants from McKinsey & Company’s offices around the world. These teams draw on McKinsey & Company’s global network of partners and industry and management experts. -
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POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1458 Public Disclosure Authorized Credit Policies Directed credit programs should be small, narrowly focused, and of limited Lessons from East Asia duration fwith clear sunset provisions).They should be Public Disclosure Authorized Dimitri Vittas financedby long-term funds Yoon Je Cho to preventinflation and macroeconomic instability. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank FinancialSector Development Department May 1995 POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1458 Summary findings Directed credit programs were a major tool of * Credit programs must be financed by long-term development in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s, their funds to prevent inflation and macroeconomic instabilitv. usefulness was reconsidered. Experience in most Recourse to central bank credit should be avoided except countries showed that they stimulated capital-intensive in the very early stages of development when the central projects, that preferential funds were often (mis)used for bank's assistance can help jump-start economic growth. nonpriority purposes, that a decline in financial * They should aim at achieving positive externalities discipline led to low repayment rates, and that budget (or avoiding negative ones). Any help to declining deficits swelled. Moreover, the programs were hard to industries should include plans for their timely phaseour. remove. * They should promote industrialization and export But Japan and other East Asian countries have long orientation in a competitive private sector with touted the merits of focused, well-managed directed internationally competitive operations. credit programs, saying they are warranted when there is * They should be part of a credible vision of economic a significant discrepancy between private and social development that promotes growth with equity and benefits, when investment risk is too high on certain should involve a long-term strategy to develop a sound projects, and when information problems discourage financial system. -
The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty in the United States Carla Medalia, Bruce D
WORKING PAPER · NO. 2019-83 The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty in the United States Carla Medalia, Bruce D. Meyer, Victoria Mooers, and Derek Wu MAY 2019 5757 S. University Ave. Chicago, IL 60637 Main: 773.702.5599 bfi.uchicago.edu The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty in the United States* Bruce D. Meyer Derek Wu University of Chicago, NBER, AEI, and University of Chicago U.S. Census Bureau Victoria Mooers Carla Medalia University of Chicago U.S. Census Bureau October 30, 2018 This Version: May 29, 2019 Abstract Recent research suggests that rates of extreme poverty, commonly defined as living on less than $2/person/day, are high and rising in the United States. We re-examine the rate of extreme poverty by linking 2011 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and Current Population Survey, the sources of recent extreme poverty estimates, to administrative tax and program data. Of the 3.6 million non-homeless households with survey-reported cash income below $2/person/day, we find that more than 90% are not in extreme poverty once we include in-kind transfers, replace survey reports of earnings and transfer receipt with administrative records, and account for the ownership of substantial assets. More than half of all misclassified households have incomes from the administrative data above the poverty line, and several of the largest misclassified groups appear to be at least middle class based on measures of material well-being. In contrast, the households kept from extreme poverty by in-kind transfers appear to be among the most materially deprived Americans. -
REP21 December 1974
World Bank Reprint Series: Number Twenty-one REP21 December 1974 Public Disclosure Authorized V.V. Bhatt Some Aspects of Financial Policies and Central Banking in Developing Countries Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Reprinted from World Development 2 (October-December 1974) World Development Vol.2, No.10-12, October-Deceinber 1974, pp. 59-67 59 Some Aspects of Financial Policies and Central Banking in Developing Countries V. V. BHATT Economic Development Institute of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development mechanism and agency as provided by the existence of a Central Bank. What needs special emphasis at an international level is the rationale and urgency of evolving a sound financial structure through the efficient performance of the twin interrelated functions-as promoters and as regulators of the financial system-by Central Banks. 1. SOME ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL POLICIES .. ~~~The main object of this Section is to show the Economic development is not only facilitated but its . pace is quickened by the appropriate development of the significance of saving and flow-of-funds analysis as an financial system--structure of financial institutions, indicator of a set of financial policies-policies relating instruments and interest rates.1 to the structure of financial institutions, instruments and Instrumentsand interest rates.r interest rates-essential for resource mobilization and In any strategy of development, therefore, it is allocation consistent with a country's development essential to emphasize the evolution of a sound and . 6 c well-integrated financial system from the point of view objectives. In a large number of developing countries, the only both of resource mobilization and efficient allocation.2 reliable data available for understanding the trends in the In Section I of this paper, an attempt is made to economy and for policy purposes relate to monetary delineate the broad contours of a set of financial policies flows and the balance of payments. -
Zero Poverty, Zero Emissions
Ilmi Granoff, Jason Eis, Chris Hoy, Charlene Watson, Amina Khan and Natasha Grist Ilmi Granoff, Jason Eis, Zero poverty, zero emissions Will McFarland and Chris Hoy Eradicating extreme poverty in the Charlene Watson, Gaia de Battista, Cor Marijs, climate crisis Amina Khan and Natasha Grist Summary September 2015 Key messages • Eradicating extreme poverty is achievable by 2030, in only the most quantifiable impacts on the world’s through growth and reductions in inequality. Sustained extreme and moderately poor during the period 2030- economic growth in developing countries is crucial for 2050 if current emissions trends continue, heading poverty eradication, but it is likely to be more moderate toward 3.5oC mean temperature change by the century’s and less effective in reducing extreme poverty in the end. coming decades than the prior ones. Addressing growth • Poverty eradication cannot be maintained without and inequality together is far more effective. This deep cuts from the big GHG emitters. It is policy requires building poor people’s human capital (through incoherent for big GHG emitting countries, especially nutrition, health and education) and assets, their access industrialised ones, to support poverty eradication as a to infrastructure, services, and jobs, and their political development priority, whether through domestic policy representation. or international assistance, while failing to shift their • Avoiding catastrophic climate change requires global own economy toward a zero net emissions pathway. emissions to peak by around 2030 and fall to near zero The costs of adaptation simply become implausible by 2100. Nearly all the IPCC’s mitigation scenarios beyond 2°C. indicate that the global economy must reach zero net • Low emissions development is both necessary for, and greenhouse gas emissions before the century’s end to compatible with, poverty eradication. -
Progress in Accelerating Global Actions for a World Without Poverty
Progress in accelerating global actions for a world without poverty and implementation of the System-wide Plan of Action for the Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2018-2027): UNICEF, June 2019 Towards the aim of achieving the SDG Goal of eradicating extreme poverty and implementing national social protection measures for all, UNICEF supports countries to address child poverty through expanding social protection programmes and improving the equity of public expenditure, so that disadvantaged children are better covered by government investments in health, education and social protection – as outlined in the key actions steps of the UN Plan of Action for the Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty. Action step b: Expanding social protection Key focus: In line with the Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty Action step on Expanding social protection systems to underpin inclusive poverty reducing development, UNICEF has placed increased emphasis in 2018 and 2019 on the rapid expansion of child and family benefits for children, including the progressive realization of universal child grants as a practical means to rapidly increase coverage. In 2018, 38.4 million children benefitted from social protection interventions supported by UNICEF. In general, a positive trend of expanding cash transfers for children can be witnessed in recent years – yet in many countries, social protection programmes for children struggle with limited coverage, inadequate benefit levels, fragmentation and weak institutionalization. It also emphasizes the need to extend fiscal resources for social protection for children and that universal approaches to child and family benefits are part of a social protection system that connects to other crucial services beyond cash (for example health care, child care and education services) and addresses life-cycle risks. -
U World Bank Discussion Papers
Public Disclosure Authorized UWorld Bank DiscussionPapers Public Disclosure Authorized Credit Policies and the Industrialization of Korea Public Disclosure Authorized YoonJe Cho Joon-Kyung Kim Public Disclosure Authorized Recent World Bank Discussion Papers 1 N L' 2 1$ ( :1.'.*;.rifi au. te111,c,gt k p 1 IiatjC A iJ.luauritt,) Pa reiw :17a,.'entual IPirplctliver .irid I rnij'iu.dl l:'de t.e. KlamsuXV I )CIItiger Nt i. 2 I' I )cvelopruirnvof' Rgirj I,,.nai.a 1 .la ukrt,, irn S,.I,-Sa,ira,n Sah.upathwThil lirajah Nto. 224) '17li .A .litimre 'I iaPs, popOt 1i Ha. J. I'eLers Na I221 l'.l lia.r.l 1Fiu,uucr7iic Iixl'ertretr .4 l'oniat j.m. Tle Jap.inesc D)evelopimentBlank .indITlih J.ql.anEcnninntntc IResearch IiStEtute N.a 222 .1 a, ', r,'uimnnL .I tFclairrct al C lana:Plrn. cilint. ol.a Confim r--ineh liarD, .June 1993. Edited 1v Petcr Harrold. E. C. 1-twa.Jnidt Lou jtiet No'.223 1lie DrioloitentVY o0rIa 11,1 1nate .Soat,' an .1 Sall luior,OinMil 'lan.nsi:on:Ile Caw .in'.ionloli.3 Hotiaiijti Hahn; N i 224 ii;,,vgJ uIaEtirzrontpracn:l Stlral qj-,t, .',ita. CLarter lBrandoa andcilUi iesi; RtatJIaiakuctv Ntia22i E"orties.Irollpc"a.sad OIthir .Alythit abmout*hade: 110oii to. rorf Alerahandeiise pIportsin thir lt ,and()ilaer Mlalor IFdltrriltYlliu1n1,'tnu1. ;.n 1d lita '17W)'.Aleanj ilr evrhlo'pmnCuileutr,ij-).]ean alna etli Nit 226 .\ Olk.l.i Fr1l,8liartI: EdicatilollOII dtritg Ei,c'noniac lianist1o11. Kin Bling Wu NO. 227 Cjtaut' U'ilitna I.aidn bMarkerS;.rsn,.ri of the Iauild Socali,r lExpennmiert.Alain lBertaudi anid Bertrand Relnaud No. -
the Wto, Imf and World Bank
ISSN: 1726-9466 13 F ULFILLING THE MARRAKESH MANDATE ON COHERENCE: ISBN: 978-92-870-3443-4 TEN YEARS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE WTO, IMF AND WORLD BANK by MARC AUBOIN Printed by the WTO Secretariat - 6006.07 DISCUSSION PAPER NO 13 Fulfi lling the Marrakesh Mandate on Coherence: Ten Years of Cooperation between the WTO, IMF and World Bank by Marc Auboin Counsellor, Trade and Finance and Trade Facilitation Division World Trade Organization Geneva, Switzerland Disclaimer and citation guideline Discussion Papers are presented by the authors in their personal capacity and opinions expressed in these papers should be attributed to the authors. They are not meant to represent the positions or opinions of the WTO Secretariat or of its Members and are without prejudice to Members’ rights and obligations under the WTO. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Any citation of this paper should ascribe authorship to staff of the WTO Secretariat and not to the WTO. This paper is only available in English – Price CHF 20.- To order, please contact: WTO Publications Centre William Rappard 154 rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland Tel: (41 22) 739 52 08 Fax: (41 22) 739 57 92 Website: www.wto.org E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1726-9466 ISBN: 978-92-870-3443-4 Printed by the WTO Secretariat IX-2007 Keywords: coherence, cooperation in global economic policy making, economic policy coordination, cooperation between international organizations. © World Trade Organization, 2007. Reproduction of material contained in this document may be made only with written permission of the WTO Publications Manager. -
Growth and Economic Thought Before and After the 2008-09 Crisis1
WPS5752 Policy Research Working Paper 5752 Public Disclosure Authorized Learning from Developing Country Experience Growth and Economic Thought Before and After Public Disclosure Authorized the 2008–09 Crisis Ann Harrison Claudia Sepúlveda Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Development Economics Vice Presidency August 2011 Policy Research Working Paper 5752 Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it documents the Second, it explores what these global economic changes changing global landscape before and after the crisis, and the recent crisis imply for shifts in the direction of emphasizing the shift towards multipolarity. In particular, research in development economics. The paper places it emphasizes the ascent of developing countries in the a particular emphasis on the lessons that developed global economy before, during, and after the crisis. countries can learn from the developing world. This paper is a product of the Development Economics Vice Presidency. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted may be contacted at [email protected] and [email protected]. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. -
UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights
Contribution to the UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights Contribution to the UN Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights Plataforma de Infancia The Spanish Children’s Rights Coalition (known as Plataforma de Infancia), founded in 1997, is an alliance of 67 not-for-profit, plural, democratic, and politically and religiously independent organizations that work to achieve a full implementation of the rights of children and adolescents, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child http://plataformadeinfancia.org/ Background and context Spain is the fifth-largest economy in the European Union. However, our country has the fifth highest children at risk of poverty and social exclusion (AROPE) rate of the European Union. Having children in Spain is a poverty and vulnerability driving factor, as households with children are the most affected by poverty and children are one of the poorest social groups. Unfortunately, child poverty in Spain is not a new issue emerging as a consequence of the last economic crisis. Child poverty in our country is a structural issue and it has remained with very high rates even in times of economic prosperity (28,6% in 20071), although in times of crisis it has been aggravated due to the lack of household income and public budget reductions that affected to the access to basic services. However, some emerging positive developments have taken place in the past months in Spain. In June 2018, a new public institution was created under the Presidency Ministry, the High Commissioner for the Fight against Child Poverty2. The High Commissioner’s objective is to establish instruments for measuring, monitoring and evaluating public policies aimed at combating child poverty as well as analysing the status of the Spanish child protection system in accordance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international commitments. -
Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries
Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries 2002 © 2001 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. 01 02 03 04 05—10 987654321 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC -
COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens Public Disclosure Authorized
COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens Migration and Development Brief 32 April 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized i Migration and Development Brief reports an update on migration and remit- tance flows as well as salient policy developments in the area of international migration and development. The Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNO- MAD) is a global hub of knowledge and policy expertise on migration and development. It aims to create and synthesize multidisciplinary knowledge and evidence; generate a menu of policy options for migration policy mak- ers; and provide technical assistance and capacity building for pilot projects, evaluation of policies, and data collection. KNOMAD is supported by a multi-donor trust fund established by the World Bank. The European Commission, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interna- tionale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH commissioned by and on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) are the contributors to the trust fund. The views expressed in this paper do not represent the views of the World Bank or the sponsoring organizations. All queries should be addressed to [email protected]. KNOMAD working papers, policy briefs, and a host of other resources on migration are available at www.KNOMAD.org. COVID-19 CRISIS THROUGH A MIGRATION LENS Migration and Development Brief 32 April 2020 Migration and Remittances Team Social Protection and Jobs World Bank Migration and Development Brief 32 iv COVID-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens Contents Summary..............................................................................................