Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
4.0 Overview of the Regional Surface and Subsurface Geology of the Duaringa Basin
4.1 Introduction
The surface geology of the Duaringa Basin project site and surrounding environment is characterised by the surface exposures of the Tertiary age Duaringa Formation sediments and surrounding exposures of the Permian age sediments (Figure 4.1). The Duaringa Formation is composed of interbedded mudstones, shale, oil shale siltstone and lignite beds and rare sandstone, conglomerate and basalt beds (Day et al., 1983).
The Permian age sediments are part of the Bowen Basin stratigraphic sequence. The overlying Tertiary age Duaringa Formation does not form part of the formal Bowen Basin stratigraphic sequence.
The surface exposures of the Duaringa Formation can be differentiated into recent exposures and older lateritic tablelands. There are also some small outcrops of Tertiary age volcanics exposed through the Tertiary age and Permian age sediments present in and near the Duaringa Basin. The significant rivers, such as the Mackenzie River and Dawson River, which traverse the Duaringa Basin, have deposited large volumes of alluvial sediment in broad braided plains on both the Duaringa Formation and Permian age sediments.
The Duaringa Basin along with the Biloela Basin and Hillsborough Basin formed during the opening of the Coral Sea during the Eocene between 52 and 34 million years ago (SRK, 2008). These basins are bounded by NE to SW trending bounding faults along their western margins. Movement along these faults is largely sinistal (left lateral). However, there has been significant downward movement on the eastern side of the fault blocks, which has opened deep asymmetrical grabens (Veevers and Powell, 1994).
These Tertiary age basins are filled with up to 1,200 m of fluvial and lacustrine sediments. The Basin filling appears to have been syndepositional with the downward movement of the western fault blocks. Therefore, it is believed that these basins were shallow lacustrine environments throughout their depositional history. The dominantly fine-grained sediments found within the rocks of the Duaringa Basin is evidence the shallow lacustrine environment existed throughout the Basin history. The sandier beds and the sandstones at or near the surface suggest that some subaerial fluvial deposition has occurred more recently. Shell (Smith, 2010) has suggested that the low energy lacustrine deposition in the Duaringa Basin was punctuated with periods of higher energy fluvial or subaerial deposition. The available evidence suggests that higher energy fluvial or subaerial deposition was very rare at depth within the Duaringa Formation stratigraphic sequence and may be confined to the upper Duaringa Formation.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 34 Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
4.2 Surficial Geology
The surficial geology of the Duaringa Basins was originally mapped by Malone et al. (1970a) who completed the Duaringa 1:250,000 scale the Saint Lawrence 1:250,000 scale sheets in 1970 (Malone et al. 1970a and 1970b) (Figure 4.1). The Duaringa Basin is one of several Tertiary age basins indentified in the in north central Queensland (Figure 4.2). More recent mapping at 1:100,000 scale was been completed by DERM for the area surrounding the Duaringa Basin. Unfortunately, the 1:100,000 scale mapping focused on the Permian age rock exposures east and west of the Duaringa Basin proper (Figure 4.3). The field observation insets included on the Duaringa, Mount Bluffkin and Rookwood 1:100,000 scale geological sheets suggest that very few new observations were made in the Duaringa Basin (Figure 4.3). The Duaringa Basin surficial geology assessment, and to a large extent the subsurface geology, is based on work of Malone et al. (1970a and 1970b).
The surficial geology of the Duaringa Basin consists of Quaternary age alluvium that has been deposited along the rivers and streams that cross and drain the Basin. A significant percentage of the Duaringa Basin is covered by a wide braided river floodplain associated with the Mackenzie and Dawson Rivers. The braided alluvium extends nearly the full length of the Duaringa Basin and is over five kilometres wide north of the Mackenzie / Dawson River confluence. The remaining surface of the Duaringa Basin is dominated by outcrop of the Duaringa Formation. Much of the exposed Duaringa Formation is laterised. This lateritised material forms the Duaringa Basin tablelands (Figure 4.1). The available published geological mapping does not indicate any surface faulting within these surface exposures.
There are minor occurrences of Tertiary age and Tertiary-Cretaceous age volcanics exposed through the alluvial, Tertiary age and Permian age sediments (Figure 4.1). There are Tertiary age basalts exposed near May Downs, at the northern basin limit, and southwest of the town of Duaringa, at Bone Creek. There are some additional small exposures Tertiary-Cretaceous age volcanics to the east of the Isaac River, just east of the Duaringa Basin boundary. These volcanic rock occur in isolated outcrops between Lotus Creek in the north to Clarke Creek in the south. The volcanic rock outcrops are discussed further in Section 5.2.1.
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PvPv Dykes PwbPwb PvPv CgCg TvTv TvTv TvTv PirPir PirPir TvTv PirPir Fault TvTv PirPir 7494000°N7494000°N CPvCPv TvTv TvTv PirPir PwbPwb TvTv PvPv Syncline TvTv TvTv PvPv PirPir TvTv CgCg PirPir Anticline TvTv PwjPwj RrRr PTirPTir Unknown TvTv TvTv PwbPwb TvTv PTirPTir PgPg TvTv TvTv TvTv PgPg Mackenzie Seismic 1964 Basement Faults TvTv PTirPTir TvTv PTirPTir CgCg CgCg CgCg TvTv PwbPwb TvTv PirPir CPvCPv CgCg CgCg PbmPbm CgCg PvPv PbmPbm CgCg PbmPbm 7474000°N7474000°N CPvCPv PbmPbm CgCg CgCg CgCg PbmPbm CgCg PgPg PbmPbm PwjPwj PbmPbm TvTv CgCg PbPb PbmPbm PcPc CgCg CPvCPv
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PbPb 7454000°N7454000°N PbePbe PbPb PcPc PbePbe PvPv PvPv PbePbe PbePbe CPvCPv PbPb CPvCPv PbPb PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PbnPbn PvPv PvPv PvPv PcPc PbmPbm CPvCPv PvPv
CPvCPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv 7434000°N7434000°N PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv 7434000°N7434000°N PvPv PcPc PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPbm PvPv PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PRgPRg PvPv PbnPbn TuTu PbnPbn PbPb PvPv CPvCPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PwbPwb PbmPbm PvPv PvPv PbPb PbPb PbPb PvPv PvPv 7414000°N7414000°N PvPv PwjPwj PvPv PvPv TvTv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPbm SURFACE GEOLOGY
Duaringa Formation (Tu) PRgPRg CPvCPv Biloela Formation (To) CPvCPv Undivided Intrusives (Ki) PvPv Peak Range Volcanics (Tp) PvPv 7394000°N7394000°N PvPv Undifferentiated7394000°N7394000°N Volcanics (Tv) PbmPbm Peawaddy Formation (Pbp) PvPv PvPv Moolayember Formation (Rm) PvPv PgPg Clematis Group (Re) Lower Clematis Group (Rel) PbPb Rewan Formation (Rr) PbPb PbqPbq Pg-YARROL/SCAG (Pg) PPvvv PbiPbi PPvvv Pv-YARROL/SCAG (Pv) PbmPbm Rangal Coal Measures,Bandanna Formation,Baralaba Coal (Pwj) ReRe ReRe T Burngrove Formation (Pwg) Gyranda Formation (Pwy) ReRe Banana Formation (Pwyb) Fair Hill Formation7374000°N7374000°N (Pwt) PwyPwy CPvcCPvc Flat Top Formation (Pbf) PwyPwy Freitag Formation (Pbg) TvTv PRgPRg Catherine Sandstone (Pbh) PRgPRg Ingelara Formation (Pbi) CPvcCPvc Cattle Creek Formation (Pbk) Aldebaran Sandstone (Pbl) PbmPbm MacMillan Formation (Pbn) RrRr Crocker Formation (Pbq) Barfield Formation (Pbr) Black Alley Shale (Pbs) RelRel CPvcCPvCPvcc Woolein Formation (Pl) 7354000°N7354000°N Back Creek Group7354000°N7354000°N (Pb) Blenheim Formation (Pbe) CC CPvcCPvc CC Boomer Formation (Pbm) CC PRg-YARROL/SCAG (Prg) PTir-YARROL/SCAG (PTir) CPvcCPvc Moranbah / German Creek Coal Measures (Pwb) 02550RrRr PlPl Oxtrack Formation (Pbo) CPvcCPvc CPvcCPvc Carmila beds (Pc) Pir-YARROL/SCAG (Pir) CPvcCPvc CPv ReRe CPir-YARROL/SCAG (CPir) kilometers Camboon Volcanics (CPvc) 7334000°N7334000°N Torsdale Volcanics7334000°N7334000°N (Cvt) RelRel CPvcCPvc Clive Creek Volcanics (Cvc) RmRm CPvcCPvc Mountain View Volcanics (Cvm) CC Cg-BBG (Cg)
KiKi RelRel SOURCE: WAKE - DYSTER (1993) & JONES (1970) *NOTE NO SURFACE ALLUVIUM SHOWN
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 4.1 February 2011 SURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE DUARINGA BASIN AFTER (MALONE ET AL 1970A AND 1970B) BOWENBOWEN BBB RRR UUU CCC EEE
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SOURCE: QLD DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION (2009)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 4.2 February 2011 TERTIARY SEDIMENTARY BASINS, CENTRAL QUEENSLAND Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
Duaringa Basin
Duaringa Basin
Duaringa Basin
Figure 4.3 Field sample locations for the NRMW 1:100,000 scale geological mapping in Duaringa Basin
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 38 Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
4.3 Geology of the Duaringa Basin Basement
The Duaringa Formation unconformably overlies Upper to Lower Permian age sediments in the Dawson Tectonic zone of the Bowen Basin (Jones, 1970). The base of the Duaringa Formation has been defined based on a 1964 seismic survey (Jones, 1970), two GSQ deep stratigraphic bores (Noon, 1982) and recent gravity data interpretations by Shell (Smith, 2010).
Jones (1970) has defined the Duaringa Basin basement depth based on the “K” refraction line. The 1964 seismic surveys interpret the “P” horizon to mark the transition between the Tertiary age sediments (~2,300 m/s refractor) and the underlying Permian age sediments (~4,600 to 5,200 m/s refractor). Although there is a strong seismic velocity contrast associated with the P horizon, it is not always discernable because the refractor surface is rough, suggesting an unconformable contact. The “P” horizon is at it’s deepest near the “A” and “K” refraction lines. GSQ Duaringa Bore 1-2R was drilled near the “A” refraction line. The GSQ Duaringa Bore 1-2R was drilled near the “H” refraction line (Figure 4.1). The remaining seismic lines show the Duaringa Formation to thin north and southward from both the GSQ deep stratigraphic bores (Figure 4.4). Essentially, this evidence indicates that the Duaringa Basin can be divided into northern and southern sub-basins.
Two formations have been identified below the Tertiary age Duaringa Formation sediments in the GSQ deep stratigraphic bores. An amygdaloidal basalt has been identified at the base of GSQ Duaringa bore 1-2R and the Late Permian age Blackwater Group has been identified at the base of the GSQ Duaringa bore 3-5R. The Late Permian age Blackwater Group underlying the Duaringa Formation is consistent with the interpretation of Jones (1970). The presence of the Blackwater Group below the Duaringa Formation is also consistent with regional geological mapping by Malone et al. (1970a). The Late Permian age Blackwater Group also supports the interpretation that the contact between the Duaringa Formation and the underlying Blackwater Group is a disconformity.
The contact between the basalt and the Duaringa Formation is a non-conformity. However, almost nothing is known about this basalt. The presence of a basalt at the base of GSQ Duaringa bore 1-2R is not easily explained by the local volcanic outcrops or by other subsurface volcanics identified near the surface in the Duaringa Basin (Figure 4.1). The basalt occurrence is also not easily explained on the Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (DEEDI, 2010) merged airborne magnetic imagery (Figure 4.4 and Figure 4.5). The magnetic image for the Duaringa Basin area suggests that there are some basement volcanics, but these lie north of the Basin. However, the magnetic basement at the Duaringa Basin is interpreted to lie at a depth of over 6,200 m bGL (Jones, 1970). Recent work by Shell has identified several geological dykes south of GSQ Duaringa bore 1-2R, so it is possible that this bore intersected an unmapped dyke (Figure 4.1).
In addition to the Blackwater Group, Malone et al. (1970a) suggest that the Boomer Formation unconformably underlies the eastern limit of the Duaringa Basin. This interpretation is certainly consistent with the surface outcrop of the Boomer Formation relative to the Duaringa Formation. However, this relationship cannot be confirmed based on drill-hole data. The relationship between the Duaringa Formation and other formations (i.e. Gebbie Sub-group and Rannes Beds) are consistent with the regional outcrop pattern and drill-hole data distal from the Duaringa Basin, but are not consistent in drill holes in or near the Basin proper.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 39 St Lawrence
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PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 4.4 February 2011 BASEMENT ELEVATION OF THE DUARINGA BASIN LEGEND Localities Roads
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SOURCE: QLD DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION (2010)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 4.5 February 2011 TMI FIRST VERTICAL DERIVATIVE MAGNETIC IMAGE OF THE DUARINGA BASIN (AFTER GSQ 2010) Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
4.4 Structural Geology
During the Eocene, several narrow, north-north-westerly trending basins developed in central Queensland as the Coral and Tasman seas opened. These basins are the Biloela, Duaringa and Hillsborough Basins (Figure 4.2). The Duaringa Basin is the largest and deepest of the Tertiary age Basins and like the others, it is filled by fluvial to lacustrine sediments including oil shale. A deep weathering profile developed over the full extent of the Tertiary sediments during the Oligocene epoch.
Queensland’s Tertiary age basins appear to have formed as the older thrust faults were reactivated as sinistal (left-lateral) faults. Strong downward movement of the blocks east of the faults accompanied this left-lateral movement. The strong downward movement gives rise to the asymmetric or half-graben profile of the Tertiary age basins (Figure 4.6). Seismic and gravity data for the Duaringa Basin suggest that there are two deep troughs present separated by a shallow saddle (Jones, 1970 and Smith, 2010). This saddle is evident in the basement contours presented on Figure 4.6 and in the gravity data presented on Figure 4.7. Geological logs for the GSQ deep stratigraphic bores (Noon, 1982) and the earlier seismic data (Jones, 1970) suggest that Duaringa Formation lithologies are correlative across this saddle. The presence of two deep sub-basins and gravity data may suggest that the Duaringa Basin formed as the result of subsidence along two faults with normal displacement (Figure 4.2).
West East
Duaringa Formation
Permian age sediments
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Figure 4.6 Seismic profile of the Duaringa Basin (after Wake-Dyster 1993)
The fault that bounds the western extent of the Duaringa Basin has not been mapped at the surface (Malone et al., 1970a and 1970b), but has been mapped in the subsurface by Jones (1970). A strong refractor in the “K” refraction line defines the Duaringa Basin bounding (Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.6). The bounding fault is evident in the “E” and “F” seismic refraction lines but appears to disappear as the fault trace dips steeply between refractor line “K” and “A” in the north (Figure 4.1). Jones (1970) also noted folding and faulting in the “P’ horizon between shot point 6 and 48.
Jones (1970) interpreted low displacement (under approximately 200 m) largely normal faults in the “P” horizon at the “A”, “D” and “H” refraction lines. All of these faults are interpreted to lie in the western one- third of each refraction line. Jones (1970) identified a 200 m wide fault zone at the “N” refraction line.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 42 Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
However, the “N” refraction line was the only seismic survey line that did not traverse the bounding fault or Duaringa Basin at a right angle.
Jones (1970) found tightly folded and faulted Permian age sediments contrasted sharply with the nearly flat lying Duaringa Formation. The region to the west of the Duaringa Basin is marked by folded and faulted (dominantly thrust faults) Permian age sediments. The folds and fault generally parallel the northwest to southeast structural trend of the Basin. The region to the east of the Duaringa Basin consists of steep west-dipping Permian age sediments that parallel the structural trend in the south. The steeply dipping strata give way to folding and thrust faulting in the north of the Duaringa Basin. These folds and faults have a nearly north to south trend (Figure 4.1).
The Duaringa Basin lies along the north-eastern limit of the Bowen and Surat Basins regional framework study boundary (SRK 2008). This study contains data on the faults and structures across the Capricornia Coast (Figure 4.8). SRK (2008) interpret a number of faults in the Bowen Basin strata basement rocks that underlie the Duaringa Formation. SRK (2008) do not show a long single trace for the Duaringa Basin bounding fault (Figure 4.8) and have in fact mapped the Duaringa Basin bounding fault as three short traces south of the Duaringa Basin saddle only. SRK (2008) do not indicate a fault trace north of the Duaringa Basin saddle. The lack of an identified fault trace for the northern Duaringa Basin is consistent with the interpretation by Jones (1970) that the bounding fault appears not to persist to the north.
In addition to the bounding fault, SRK (2008) mapped two fault traces in the central basin near the confluence of the Isaac and Dawson Rivers. These faults are interpreted to be low displacement (less than 10 m) normal faults. There are a series of 10 northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest trending conjugate faults north of the Isaac and Dawson River confluence. These faults are located near the basin boundary in an area where the overlying Duaringa Formation is interpreted to thin. Therefore, it is likely that these faults reflect structures in the underlying Permian age sediments.
SRK (2008) did not map any faults or other trends in association with the Duaringa Basin saddle.
The fault traces interpreted by SRK (2008) in the northern Duaringa Basin can be grouped as follows:
A single 27 km long northwest to southeast trending fault that parallels the eastern Duaringa Basin boundary;
Three paired fault sets that appear to boarder the Mackenzie River. The evidence for these faults is hard to see at the surface or within the Duaringa Formation. However, these faults do appear to truncate a series of Permian age sediments just west of the Duaringa Basin bounding fault;
A series of northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest trending conjugate faults underlying the large laterite tableland south of May Creek (Figure 4.8). These faults follow similar pattern to the conjugate faults near the Isaac and Dawson River confluence. However, the Tertiary age sediments filling the Basin are deeper beneath this tableland than along the eastern basin margin; and
There are several north-to-south trending fault traces mapped east of May Creek. These fault traces have the same orientation as the faults in the Permian age sediments underlying the Boomer Range to the northeast of study area.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 43 '
FITZROYFITZROY
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'High' !! TartarusTartarus TartarusTartarus !! ApApisisisis CreekCreekCreekCreek
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HWYHWY CAPRICORNCAPRICORN !! !! !! BlackwaterBlackwater BluffBluff CometComet !! DingoDingo
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SOURCE: QLD DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION (2010) DAWSONDAWSON PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 4.7 February 2011 BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY MAP OF THE DUARING BASIN (AFTER GSQ 2009) TvTv TvTv TvTv CPvCPv TvTTvv TTvTv TvTTvv TvTv TvTvv TvTv CCPvCPvPv PvPPvv CvmCCvmvm CvmCvm PvPv LEGEND TvTTvv TvTTvv TvTTvv TvTv TvTTvv Tv TvTTvv Duaringa Basin PPbPbb TvTTvv TvTv PvPPvv TvTTvv CPirCCPirPir TvTTvv TvTTvv CgCg CPvCCPvPv TvTTvv PPvPvv CCgCgg CPvCPv TvTv TvTTvv TTvTvv CgCCgg Lateritic Tablelands PwjPwj TvTv CgCg PPwbPwbwb PgPPgg CgCCgg Interpreted Faults (SRK 2008) PgPPgg CgCg PvPPvv PvPv PcPPcc PvPPvv TTvTvv
PPvPvv PPwbPwbwb PvPv CgCCgg TvTTvv PirPPirir TvTv TTvTvv PirPPirir PirPir TvTTvv PirPPirir TTvTvv CCPvCPvPv TvTTvv TvTTvv PirPPirir PPwbPwbwb TTvTvv PvPPvv TvTv TvTTvv PvPv PirPPirir TvTTvv CgCCgg PirPir TvTTvv PwjPPwjwj RRrRrr PTirPPTirTir TvTTvv TvTTvv PPwbPwbwb TTvTv PTirPPTirTir PPgPg TTvTvv TvTTvv TvTvv PgPgg TvTTvv PPTirPTirTir TvTTvv PTirPTir CgCCgg CgCCgg CgCCgg TTvTvv PPwbPwbwb TvTv PirPPirir CCPvCPvPv CgCCgg CgCCgg PbmPPbmbm CgCg PvPPvv PbmPbm CgCCgg PbmPPbmbm TTvTvv PbmPbm CgCg CgCCgg CgCCgg PbmPPbmbm CgCCgg PgPPgg PbmPPbmbm PwjPPwjwj PbmPPbmbm TTvTvv CgCCgg PbPPbb PbmPbm PcPc CgCCgg CCPvCPvPv PbePbe PbePPbebe PvPPvv TTvTvv Pv TvTv PPbmPbm RrRr PbmPbmbm RrRr PbmPPbmbm TvTTvv PbmPbm TvTv PPcPcc PbmPPbmbm PcPPcc PcPc
PbePbe PPbPbb PcPPcc PbePPbebe PvPPvv PvPPvv PbePbe PPbePbebe CCPvCPv PbPPbb CPvCPvPv PbPPbb PvPPvv PPbPbb PvPPvv PvPPvv PbnPPbnbn PvPv PvPv PvPPvv PPcPcc PbmPPbmbm CPvCCPvPv PvPPvv
CPvCCPvPv PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPv PvPv PvPPvv PcPPcc PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPPbmbm PvPPvv PvPPvv PbPPbb PvPPvv PvPPvv PRgPPRgRg PvPPvv PPbnPbnbn TTuTuu PbnPbn PbPPbb PvPPvv CPvCCPvPv PbPPbb PPvPvv PPvPvv PPwbPwbwb PbmPPbmbm PvPv PvPPvv PPbPbb PbPb PPbPbb PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPPvv PwjPPwjwj PvPv PvPPvv TvTTvv PvPPvv PvPPvv PvPv PvPPvv PbmPPbmbm
SURFACE GEOLOGY PRgPPRgRg Duaringa Formation (Tu) CPvCCPvPv Biloela Formation (To) Undivided Intrusives (Ki) PvPPvv PvPPvv Peak Range Volcanics (Tp) PvPPvv PbmPPbmbm Undifferentiated volcanics (Tv) PvPv Peawaddy Formation (Pbp) PvPPvv PvPv PgPPgg Moolayember Formation (Rm) PgPg Clematis Group (Re) Lower Clematis Group (Rel) PbPPbb Rewan Formation (Rr) PbqPPbqbq PvPv PbiPPbibi PvPv Pg-YARROL/SCAGPbiPbi (Pg) PbmPPbmbm Pv-YARROL/SCAG (Pv) ReRe ReRe Tv Rangal Coal Measures,Bandanna Formation,Baralaba Coal (Pwj) RReRee Tv Burngrove Formation (Pwg) ReRe Gyranda Formation (Pwy) ReRe Banana Formation (Pwyb) Fair Hill Formation (Pwt) PwyPPwywy CPvcCCPvcPvc Flat Top Formation (Pbf) TvTTvv Freitag Formation (Pbg) PRgPPRgRg Catherine Sandstone (Pbh) CPvcCCPvcPvc Ingelara Formation (Pbi) Cattle Creek Formation (Pbk) Aldebaran Sandstone (Pbl) PbmPPbmbm RRrRrr MacMillan Formation (Pbn) RrRr Crocker Formation (Pbq) Barfield Formation (Pbr) Black Alley Shale (Pbs) RelRRelel CPvcCPvc Woolein Formation (Pl) Back Creek Group (Pb) CPvcCPvc Blenheim Formation (Pbe) CPvcCCPvcPvc CPvcCPvc Boomer Formation (Pbm) CPvcCPvc PRg-YARROL/SCAG (PRg) PTir-YARROL/SCAG (PTir) CCPvcCPvcPvc PlPPll Moranbah / German Creek Coal Measures (Pwb) 0RRrRrr 25 50 PlPl CPvcCPvc CPvcCCPvcPvc Oxtrack Formation (Pbo) Carmila beds (Pc) Pir-YARROL/SCAG (Pir) CPvcCCPvcPvc ReRRee CPv CPir-YARROL/SCAG (CPir) kilometers Camboon Volcanics (CPvc) RelRRelel Torsdale Volcanics (Cvt) CPvcCCPvcPvc RmRRmm CPvcCPvc Clive Creek Volcanics (Cvc) RmRm CPvcCPvc Mountain View Volcanics (Cvm) CPvcCPvc Cg-BBG (Cg)
KiKKii RelRRelel
SOURCE: SRK (2008)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 4.8 February 2011 FAULTING IN THE DUARINGA BASIN (SRK 2008) Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
There is no available evidence to suggest that the Duaringa Formation sediments are significantly faulted. The fault traces mapped by Jones (1970) using the Mackenzie seismic survey data are all confined to the underlying basement rocks and only displace the Duaringa Formation a few metres at the underlying unconformity.
The seismic data from the “K” refraction line indicates that the Duaringa Formation sedimentary sequence dips gently to west, paralleling the basement contours (Figure 4.6). Accordingly, individual beds within the Duaringa Formation are likely to thin as they shallow or pinch out towards the eastern Basin boundary. This thinning and/or sub-cropping of the Duaringa Formation lithologies will exert a strong influence on westward groundwater flow that may occur. There is a low amplitude synclinal fold in central part of the Duaringa Basin (Figure 4.6).
The seismic data from the BMR 89 line (BMR, 1989) also shows an anticlinal fold in the Duaringa Formation sedimentary sequence east of the bounding fault (Figure 4.6). This is a small fold against the bounding fault. The direction of folding is contrary warping that normally associated along a normal fault motion. That is, the upward motion of the western side of the fault should bend the beds in the Duaringa Formation upward. In fact, the beds in Duaringa Formation appear to bent downward, which would be against the fault motion. Therefore, this small fold suggests a period of compressive stress orthogonal to the bounding fault in was is otherwise an extensional geological event.
There are two slight dip reversals in the “P” horizon at the “H” refraction line at a where the Duaringa Formation thins to approximately 600 m thick. A similar dip reversal has also been noted at the “F” refraction line where the Duaringa Formation thins to approximately 230 m.
The groundwater resources of the Duaringa Formation will be controlled by the structures within the formation. However, other than the bounding fault, the faults and folds in the underlying and surrounding Permian age sediments appear to exert very little influence over the internal structure of the Duaringa Formation and therefore are not likely to influence the groundwater resources of the Duaringa Formation.
Although the structures in the Permian age sediments are unlikely to influence groundwater within the Duaringa Formation, this section would not be complete without a brief discussion of the underlying structural environment. The seismic surveys carried out during the early 1960’s were designed to look for shallow anticlinal structures in the Permian age sediment underlying the Tertiary age basins. It was believed at that time that structural petroleum traps may underlie the Tertiary age basins (Jones 1970). The 1960’s seismic surveys did identify gently folded Permian age strata but did not identify promising tightly folded potential petroleum reservoir rocks.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 46 Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
5.0 DERM GWDB Search
5.1 Introduction
RPS reviewed the groundwater data available in the DERM GWDB and identified 92 registered water bores within the Duaringa Basin (Figure 5.1). In addition to the DERM registered bores, RPS identified three unregistered bores near May Downs (Figure 5.1). The identified bores are well distributed across the Basin. However, there are fewer water bores where the Mackenzie River valley enters the Duaringa Basin.
5.2 Duaringa Formation Bores
DERM records indicate that 34 registered water bores have been completed in the Duaringa Formation. The remaining registered water bores in the Duaringa Basin have been completed in the shallow alluvium located adjacent to the Dawson, Isaac and Mackenzie Rivers or alternatively in the older Permian age sedimentary formations immediately adjacent to the Duaringa Basin. DERM lists 13 registered water bores as being completed in basalt, either as the primary completion formation (four bores) or as a basalt lithology within the Duaringa Formation (nine bores). The location of the registered water bores completed in shallow basalt lithologies are shown on Figure 5.2.
The bores completed in a basalt lithology occur in three regions in the Duaringa Basin (Figure 5.1). There is a cluster of bores tapping basalt near the northern basin limit and isolated bores tapping basalt on either side of the Mackenzie River in the central basin and one bore tapping basalt near the Capricorn Highway near the southern basin boundary. No volcanic rock outcrops have been mapped near the northern end of Duaringa Basin. However, Malone et al. (1970b) mapped two small Tertiary age basalt outcrops near Lake Plattaway (north of the Duaringa Formation exposures) and Lotus Creek and a much larger Tertiary age basalt outcrop near Black Soil Gully and May Downs Creek (Figure 5.1).
The basalt outcrops and the bores near the Mackenzie River or near the Capricorn Highway are several kilometres apart. This suggests that the basalts are not laterally correlative. However, they may be time correlative.
The available information suggests that the three unregistered bores are completed in the Duaringa Formation. These bores range in depth from 45 m bGL at WB 1 to 90 m bGL at WB 2 and 3.
As noted above, there are 92 DERM registered water bores completed in the Duaringa Basin. The details of these bores are presented in Table 5.1. The deepest registered water bore penetrates to just under 100 m bGL. Groundwater-level data have been recorded by DERM for 47 registered water bores in the Basin. Groundwater yields have been recorded by DERM for 56 registered water bores, although it should be noted that the DERM yield estimates would generally be driller’s estimates made after short- duration airlift pumping of bores. The DERM recorded yields are low, with an average value of 2 L/s and a median value of 0.6 L/s.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 47 TvTv TvTv TvTv CCPCPvCCPCPvPvPvvvv TvTv TvTv TvTv 47010 44517 TvTv CPvCPv PvPv CvmCvm 13040293 13040196 CvmCvm PvPv TvTv TvTv 38319 TvTv TvTvTvTv 13040194 TvTv TvTv TvTv 13040239 TvTv 111621 13040198 91082 TvTv 84478 PvPv 13040192 TvTv CPirCPir 13040302 13040294 TvTv TvTv PvPv TvTv TvTv TvTv CgCg 13040199 13040195 wwwjjjj TvTv 136954 CgCg 13040197 91080 13040306 13040292 CgCg 13040191 PgPg CgCg PvPv PvPv PcPc 91081 PgPg PcPc PvPv TvTv PvPv 36293 67202 44123 91377 PvPv CgCg TvTv PirPir 91712 TvTv TvTv PirPir PirPir TvTv PirPir 13040193 47146 TvTv 13040297 CPvCPv TvTv TvTv PirPir 88799 PwbPwb TvTv PvPv TvTv TvTv PvPv PirPir 88460 TvTv CgCg 151326 97846 TvTv PwjPwj PTirPTir TvTv 88461 TvTv PwbPwb PwbPwb PTirPTir TvTv TvTv PTirPTir PgPg 91492 TvTv TvTv TvTv PgPg TvTv 44187 PTirPTir 88767 TvTv PTirPTir CgCg CgCg CgCg 67126 TvTv 111453 PwbPwb 97676 97774 CPvCPv PirPir CPvCPv 91370 CgCg CgCg PbmPbm 97775 PvPv CgCg PbmPbm 67127 CPvCPv PbmPbm 62514 PbmPbm 43402 CgCg CgCg PbmPbm CgCg PgPg 62515 PbmPbm 43403 PbmPbm TvTv 43405 CgCg PbPb PbmPbm 43404 PcPc CgCg 151329 CPvCPv PbePbe PvPv TvTv RrRr 62516 RrRr PbmPbm TvTv PbmPbm TvTv PcPc PbmPbm PcPc PcPc 91412 122297 111554 136801 91411 13040298 PbePbe 88906 PbPb PcPc PbePbe PvPv PcPc 136947 PbePbe 13040301 PvPv 91371 84750 PvPv CPvCPv 151330 13010003 PbPb CPvCPv 13040300 PbPb PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PbnPbn PvPv PvPv PvPv PcPc PcPc PbmPbm PbmPbm 111706 CPvCPv PvPv
CPvCPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv 13040299 PcPc PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPbm PvPv PvPv PbPb PvPv 13010004 PvPv PRgPRg PvPv PbnPbn TuTu PbnPbn PbPb LEGEND PvPv CPvCPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PwbPwb PbmPbm PvPv Duaringa Basin 38249 PvPv 38174 47387 47144 PvPv PvPv Lateritic Tablelands 111557
PwjPwj PvPv DERM GWDB Bores PvPv TvTv PvPv 111535 38258 PbmPbm SURFACE GEOLOGY 37161 PRgPRg Duaringa Formation (Tu) 91638 Biloela Formation (To) 91639 PvPv Undivided Intrusives (Ki) PvPv PvPv PvPv Peak Range Volcanics (Tp) PvPv PbmPbm 97572 Undifferentiated volcanics (Tv) 91636 PvPv Peawaddy Formation (Pbp) PvPv PvPv 97573 PgPg Moolayember Formation (Rm) 91635 91438 Clematis Group (Re) 88927 13030805 Lower Clematis Group (Rel) PbPb Rewan Formation (Rr) 88926 PbqPbq 88931 PPvvv PbiPbi PPvvv Pg-YARROL/SCAGPbiPbi (Pg) 151325 PbmPbm Pv-YARROL/SCAG (Pv) ReRe ReRe 13030802 T Rangal Coal Measures,Bandanna Formation,Baralaba Coal (Pwj) Burngrove Formation (Pwg) 91395 ReRe 97841 13030804 Gyranda Formation (Pwy) Banana Formation (Pwyb) CPvcCPvc Fair Hill Formation (Pwt) PwyPwy CPvcCPvc 91396 Flat Top Formation (Pbf) 97107 TvTv Freitag Formation (Pbg) PRgPRg Catherine Sandstone (Pbh) CPvcCPvc Ingelara Formation (Pbi) 97106 122330 Cattle Creek Formation (Pbk) Aldebaran Sandstone (Pbl) PbmPbm RrRr 13030438 MacMillan Formation (Pbn) 91685 13030803 Crocker Formation (Pbq) 13030801 Barfield Formation (Pbr) RelRel CPvcCPvCPvcc Black Alley Shale (Pbs) Woolein Formation (Pl) 111660 13030842 Back Creek Group (Pb) CC CPvcCPvc CC Blenheim Formation (Pbe) CPvcCPvc CC Boomer Formation (Pbm) CC PRg-YARROL/SCAG (PRg) PTir-YARROL/SCAG (PTir) CPvcCPvc 02550RrRr 111659 PlPl Moranbah / German Creek Coal Measures (Pwb) CPvcCPvc CPvcCPvc Oxtrack Formation (Pbo) Carmila beds (Pc) 128258 128480 Pir-YARROL/SCAG (Pir) ReRe CPv kilometers CPir-YARROL/SCAG (CPir) Camboon Volcanics (CPvc) RelRel CPvcCPvc Torsdale Volcanics (Cvt) RmRm CPvcCPvc Clive Creek Volcanics (Cvc) CC Mountain View Volcanics (Cvm) Cg-BBG (Cp)
KiKi RelRel SOURCE: QLD DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2011)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 5.1 February 2011 DERM GWDB BORES IN THE DUARINGA BASIN TvTv TvTv TTvTTvvvv CCPvCCPvPvPv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv CPvCPv PvPv CvmCvm LEGEND CvmCvm PvPv TvTv TvTv TvTv BMR89 Seismic Lines TvTvTvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv PbPb TvTv TvTv PvPv TvTv CPirCPir TvTv TvTv CPirCPir Mackenzie Refraction Lines 1964 TvTv TvTv CPvCPv TvTv PvPv CgCg CPvCPv TvTv 6720267202 TvTv TvTv CgCg wwwjjjj TvTv CgCg PwbPwb Duaringa Basin
8846088460 CgCg 4412344123 PgPg CgCg 4412344123 PvPv PvPv PcPc Tertiary Basalt Flow 1304029713040297 PvPv
PvPv Dykes PwbPwb PvPv CgCg 1304029413040294 TvTv TvTv PirPir Fault 4418744187 TvTv PirPir TvTv CPvCPv TvTv TvTv PirPir PwbPwb TvTv PvPv Syncline TvTv TvTv PvPv PirPir TvTv CgCg PirPir Anitcline 6712667126 TvTv PwjPwj RrRr PTirPTir Unknown TvTv TvTv 1304029313040293 PwbPwb 1304029313040293 TvTv PTirPTir TvTv TvTv TvTv SHALLOW BORES BY AQUIFER TvTv TvTv PTirPTir CgCg TvTv CgCg CgCg Duaringa Formation CgCg TvTv PwbPwb TvTv Blackwater Group PirPir CPvCPv CgCg CgCg PbmPbm Basalt CgCg PvPv PbmPbm CgCg PbmPbm Unknown TvTv CPvCPv PbmPbm CgCg CgCg CgCg PbmPbm CgCg PgPg 6712767127 8876788767 PbmPbm PbmPbm TvTv CgCg PbPb PbmPbm PcPc CgCg 4340243402 CPvCPv PvPv TvTv 4340443404 PvPv TvTv PbmPbm RrRr 8846188461 PbmPbm RrRr PbmPbm TvTv PbmPbm TvTv PcPc PbmPbm PcPc PcPc
PbePbe PbPb PcPc PbePbe PvPv PvPv PbePbe PbePbe CPvCPv PbPb CPvCPv PbPb PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PbnPbn PvPv PvPv PvPv PcPc PbmPbm CPvCPv PvPv
CPvCPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PcPc PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPbm PvPv PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PRgPRg PvPv PbnPbn TuTu PbnPbn PbPb CPvCPv 111557111557 PvPv PvPv PwbPwb PbmPbm PvPv 111535111535 PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PvPv PwjPwj PvPv PvPv TvTv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPbm SURFACE GEOLOGY
Duaringa Formation (Tu) PRgPRg Biloela Formation (To) CPvCPv Undivided Intrusives (Ki) Peak Range Volcanics (Tp) PvPv PvPv Undifferentiated volcanics (Tv) PvPv PbmPbm Peawaddy Formation (Pbp) PbmPbm Moolayember Formation (Rm) PvPv PvPv PvPv Clematis Group (Re) 8893188931 PgPg Lower Clematis Group (Rel) Rewan Formation (Rr) PbPb Pg-YARROL/SCAG (Pg) PbqPbq PPvvv Pv-YARROL/SCAGPbiPbi (Pv) PPvvv PbiPbi PbmPbm Rangal Coal Measures,Bandanna Formation,Baralaba Coal (Pwj) 9710897108 ReRe 9710897108 Burngrove Formation (Pwg) ReRe T Gyranda Formation (Pwy) Banana Formation (Pwyb) ReRe Fair Hill Formation (Pwt) Flat Top Formation (Pbf) PwyPwy CPvcCPvc Freitag Formation (Pbg) TvTv Catherine Sandstone (Pbh) PRgPRg Ingelara Formation (Pbi) CPvcCPvc Cattle Creek Formation (Pbk) 9168591685 Aldebaran Sandstone (Pbl) MacMillan Formation (Pbn) PbmPbm Crocker Formation (Pbq) RrRr Barfield Formation (Pbr) Black Alley Shale (Pbs) Woolein Formation (Pl) RelRel CPvcCPvCPvcc Back Creek Group (Pb) Blenheim Formation (Pbe) CC Boomer Formation (Pbm) CPvcCPvc CC PRg-YARROL/SCAG (PRg) CC PTir-YARROL/SCAG (PTir) Moranbah / German Creek Coal Measures (Pwb) CPvcCPvc PlPl Oxtrack Formation (Pbo) 02550RrRr PlPl CPvcCPvc CPvcCPvc Carmila beds (Pc) CPvcCPvc Pir-YARROL/SCAG (Pir) CPv CPvcCPvc ReRe CPir-YARROL/SCAG (CPir) Camboon Volcanics (CPvc) kilometers Torsdale Volcanics (Cvt) RelRel Clive Creek Volcanics (Cvc) CPvcCPvc RmRm CPvcCPvc Mountain View Volcanics (Cvm) RmRm CC Cg-BBG (Cg) CC
KiKi RelRel SOURCE: WAKE - DYSTER (1993) & JONES (1970)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 5.2 February 2011 SHALLOW (< 50 M DEEP) GROUNDWATER BORES IN THE DUARINGA BASIN Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
It should be noted that the higher yields recorded by DERM were observed for bores completed in alluvium or in basalt and not in the Duaringa Formation sediments. The DERM recorded yields for bores tapping the Duaringa Formation ranged from 0.01 L/s to 6 L/s. The median DERM recorded yield value yield value of 0.6 L/s is interpreted as a strong indicator of the low yields available from the Duaringa Formation. Available DERM data for groundwater quality in the Duaringa Formation indicates fresh to brackish quality, with brackish groundwater dominant.
Table 5.1 Statistics for key DERM data for bores located in the Duaringa Basin
Statistic Value Units
Number of bores with any DERM records 92 (bores)
Number of bores with DERM yield records 56 (bores)
Lowest recorded yield value 0.01 (L/s)
Highest recorded yield value 7.7 (L/s)
Mean of recorded yield values 2.0 (L/s)
Median of recorded yield values 0.6 (L/s)
Number of bores with depth DERM records 69 (bores)
Greatest recorded depth value 99.97 (m bGL)
Least recorded depth value 5 (m bGL)
Mean of recorded depth values 39 (m bGL)
Median of recorded depth values 30.9 (m bGL)
Number of bores with DERM standing groundwater level data 47 (bores) Number of bores listed by DERM completed in the Duaringa 33 (bores) Formation Number bores interpreted by RPS to be completed in the 21 (bores) Duaringa Formation sediments Number of bores recorded as “Dry” in DERM Lithology Table 8 (bores) 18 total Number of bores recorded as “Dry” in DERM Aquifer Table 10 (bores)
Least recorded depth to standing groundwater level 0.7 (m bGL)
Deepest recorded depth to standing groundwater level 64 (m bGL)
Mean of recorded depth to standing groundwater level 19.7 (m bGL)
Median of recorded depth to standing groundwater level 19.1 (m bGL)
The DERM recorded data for depth to groundwater in the Duaringa Basin ranged from 0.7 to 64 m bGL and averaged 19.7 m bGL (Table 5.1). This depth to groundwater data were drawn from the 47-registered water bores with recorded standing groundwater levels. The DERM recorded depth to groundwater for bores tapping the Duaringa Formation ranged from 0.7 to 48.8 m bGL and averaged 20 m bGL. Table 5.1 also lists the number of bores that have been recorded as “dry” by DERM. DERM records eight dry bores in the Duaringa Basin, six of which are recorded to tap the Duaringa Formation. An additional nine DERM registered bores were noted to be abandoned due to a lack of water when the bore was drilled. Another bore, drilled as a groundwater-monitoring bore by DERM, was noted to be a dry hole when it was drilled.
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This is bore RN13030842, which is located near the confluence from the Don River and Calvert Creek (Figure 5.1). We should note that a DERM database record of “dry” does not necessarily indicate that the ultimate standing groundwater level is always below the total depth of the borehole. In some circumstances, where water bore drillers encounter very poorly permeable strata they may record “dry bore” on their logs, when in fact, had they left the test holes to recover after drilling a standing groundwater level may have otherwise been recorded.
Four of the bores potentially screened in the Duaringa Formation aquifer are DERM observation bores where groundwater levels have been observed at a frequency of approximately once per quarter since March 2003. Groundwater hydrographs for data drawn from these bores are presented on Figure 5.3 along with the mass residual rainfall curve. The groundwater hydrographs presented on Figure 5.3 exhibit very stable patterns over the observation time period and indicate a marked a lack of response to rainfall. The bores for which data has been presented on Figure 5.3 are distributed across the Duaringa Basin and represent the local land uses such as highways, rangeland and farms. At least one bore of these bores is located near a river and one bore is located near a farm that may be under irrigation.
Figure 5.3 Duaringa Basin hydrographs
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5.2.1 Alluvial and Perched Aquifer Bores
The analysis of the water bores completed in the Duaringa Basin described in Section 5.2 of this report revealed that the most significant groundwater resource is located in the alluvium deposited by, and surrounding the major river systems. In addition to the alluvial systems, there appears to be limited groundwater available within the upper weathered (or possibly fractured) lateritic material of the Duaringa Formation and isolated volcanic deposits in the upper Duaringa Formation. Hydraulic information from these formations is critical to understanding not only the properties of these shallow groundwater systems, and (due to a lack of additional data), the properties of the deeper lithologies that comprise the Duaringa Formation at depth.
Table 5.2 to Table 5.4 indicate the DERM recorded depth to groundwater and yields for the registered bores completed in the upper Duaringa Basin. The location of these bores is also shown on Figure 5.2. The groundwater levels in these shallow bores average 18.9 m bGL with a median of 17.9 m bGL.
Table 5.2 Duaringa Basin alluvial bores DERM Depth to Standing GWDB base of Bore yield Aquifer Unit groundwater level registered aquifer (L/s) (m bGL) number (m bGL)
36293 Isaac River Alluvium 14 1.2 10.4
38249 Mackenzie River Alluvium 23 0.76 15.5 13040197 Isaac River Alluvium 14.93 NA 9.4 13040198 Isaac River Alluvium 13.89 7.65 11.2 122330 Dawson River Alluvium 53 0.19 Dry Well(1) 128258 Dawson River Alluvium 3 3.6 0.6 (1) Note; the yield value reported was accompanied by a dry well data flag in the DERM GWDB.
Table 5.3 Duaringa Basin volcanics bores DERM Depth to GWDB base of Bore Yield Standing Water Aquifer Unit registered aquifer (L/s) Level (m bGL) number (m bGL)
43402 Basalt 33 5.42 23.3
43404 Basalt 64 NA 29.1 13040293 Basalt 43 7.65 27.2 13040297 Basalt 58 0.19 16
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Table 5.4 Weathered Duaringa Formation bores DERM Depth to GWDB base of Bore Yield Standing Water Aquifer Unit registered aquifer (m (L/s) Level (m bGL) number bGL)
38242 Duaringa Formation NA 0.39 4.5
44123 Duaringa Formation 24.4 0.82 6.7 47146 Duaringa Formation 28.7 1.3 11.6 67127 Duaringa Formation 31.4 0 67202 Duaringa Formation 25.4 6 15 84750 Duaringa Formation 56.3 0.75 30 88460 Duaringa Formation 62 1 22 88460 Duaringa Formation 97.4 0.5 22 88461 Duaringa Formation 57 1.2 Dry Well(1) 88712 Duaringa Formation 28.5 0.63 9 88713 Duaringa Formation 14 0.38 3 88767 Duaringa Formation 44 0.3 33 88876 Duaringa Formation 23 0.44 Dry Well(1) 88926 Duaringa Formation 19.5 0.38 7 88927 Duaringa Formation 17 1.26 Dry Well(1) 88931 Duaringa Formation 55 0.45 27 91377 Duaringa Formation 41.2 2.2 Dry Well(1) 91394 Duaringa Formation NA 1.3 15 91438 Duaringa Formation 33.5 1.2 21.9 97108 Duaringa Formation 58.83 0 25.3 97775 Duaringa Formation 44.5 0.65 27 97841 Duaringa Formation 24.38 0.88 19.8 97846 Duaringa Formation 24.8 1.89 9 111535 Duaringa Formation 73.15 1.77 28.96 111550 Duaringa Formation 56.39 1.14 48.77 111557 Duaringa Formation 50.29 2.27 15.24 122297 Duaringa Formation 74 1.5 24 13030840 Duaringa Formation 29 NA 17.69 13030842 Duaringa Formation 19 NA 180.9 13010003 Duaringa Formation 64 NA 18.89 13010004 Duaringa Formation 86 NA 40.02
(1) Note; the yield value reported was accompanied by a dry well data flag in the DERM GWDB.
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5.3 Adjoining Geological Units
Notwithstanding the relative paucity of data regarding the groundwater resources of the Duaringa Formation, RPS also attempted to locate hydrogeological data for the geological units adjoining the Duaringa Basin. To do this the DERM GWDB was examined to identify data for water bores tapping these adjoining geological units.
This search was designed as an initial screen to identify the number of bores tapping the relevant geological units. The goal was to determine whether the bores in the adjoining geological units could provide groundwater data relevant to the current project. The initial search was not constrained by area. However, as the analysis below demonstrates, there are very few bores completed in the adjoining formations with only a single bore completed at a depth greater than 500 m bGL.
The following relevant-adjoining geological units were considered in the analysis below:
Blackwater Group;
Boomer Formation;
Gebbie Sub-group; and
Rannes Beds.
5.3.1 Blackwater Group
The Late Permian age Blackwater Group is composed of sandstone, siltstone, shale, mudstone, coal, tuff and conglomerate. The Blackwater Group can be very thick, up to 1,500 m, and likely is the sole geological unit on the footwall (i.e. western) side of the Duaringa Basin bounding fault. Unlike the Tertiary age sedimentary sequences, the Blackwater Group is folded and faulted. Very little is known about the individual lithologies comprising the Blackwater Group juxtaposed to the Duaringa Formation since there are no deep bores on record near the Duaringa Basin study area. There are numerous deep bores the Blackwater Group. However, these bores are all located 10 to 20 km from the project site.
Data for the bores recorded by DERM as tapping the undifferentiated Blackwater Group are summarised in Table 5.5. The data in Table 5.5 indicate that the Blackwater Group in this area hosts minimal groundwater resources in its upper 60 m bGL. DERM records of individual water bore yields in the Blackwater Group are modest, averaging 1.4 L/s. DERM records indicate groundwater levels in the Blackwater Group in this area are relatively shallow, averaging 25 m bGL.
The existing DERM water bore data suggest that the Blackwater Group groundwater resources are not well developed. However, inspection of depth versus yield data does not suggest that deeper bores have provided relatively higher yields in this unit. Again, the existing relatively shallow bore data most probably reflects the relatively poor groundwater quality in this formation that largely precludes its use for irrigation and limits its main practical use to stock water. The available DERM data indicates a relatively wide range of groundwater salinities ranging from fresh through to quite brackish and even saline groundwater. However, on average, the groundwater salinity in the Blackwater Group could be described as moderate to brackish.
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Table 5.5 Statistics for key DERM data for bores assessed to tap the undifferentiated Blackwater Group
Statistic Value Units
Number of bores with any DERM records 125 (bores) Number of bores with DERM yield records 98 (bores) Lowest recorded yield value 0.01 (L/s) Highest recorded yield value 7.5 (L/s) Mean of recorded yield values 1.4 (L/s) Median of recorded yield values 1.0 (L/s) Number of bores with depth DERM records 112 (bores) Lowest recorded depth value 16.8 (m bGL) Highest recorded depth value 566 (m bGL) Mean of recorded depth value 59.8 (m bGL) Median of recorded depth values 46 (m bGL) Number of bores with DERM standing groundwater level 67 (bores) data Least recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 4.3 (m bGL) Deepest recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 112 (m bGL) Mean of recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 25.1 (m bGL) Median of recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 18.3 (m bGL)
5.3.2 Boomer Formation
The Late to Early Permian age Boomer Formation is composed of lithic sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and rare conglomerate. The Boomer Formation can be up to 300 m thick and outcrops to the east of the Duaringa Basin. The Boomer Formation has been mapped to underlie the Duaringa Formation unconformably.
The bores recorded by DERM as tapping the Boomer Formation are summarised in Table 5.6. The data presented in Table 5.6 indicate that groundwater resources are available to a depth of at least 70 m bGL. DERM records of individual water bore yields in the Boomer Formation are modest, with an average of only 1.3 L/s and a median of only 0.7 L/s from 26 bores. DERM records of depth to groundwater for this formation indicate relatively shallow depths to groundwater, averaging 12.2 m bGL.
5.3.3 Gebbie Sub-group
The Late to Early Permian age Gebbie Sub-group is composed of quartzose to lithic sandstone, sandy siltstone, siltstone, carbonaceous shale, calcareous sandstone and coquinite. The Gebbie Sub-group is fossiliferous. The contacts between the Gebbie Sub-group, the underlying Boomer Formation and the overlying Blackwater Group are inferred. The rocks of the Gebbie Sub-group outcrop east of the northern margin of the Duaringa Basin. The Gebbie Sub-group aquifer is not likely to be in direct hydrological connection with the Duaringa Formation. However, it is located sufficiently close to potentially influence groundwater occurrence in and along the margins of the Duaringa Basin and sediments.
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Table 5.6 Statistics for key DERM data for bores assessed to tap the Boomer Formation
Statistic Value Units
Number of bores with any DERM records 32 (bores) Number of bores with DERM yield records 26 (bores) Lowest recorded yield value 0.01 (L/s) Highest recorded yield value 8.8 (L/s) Mean of recorded yield values 1.3 (L/s) Median of recorded yield values 0.7 (L/s) Number of bores with depth DERM records 25 (bores) Lowest recorded depth value 70 (m bGL) Highest recorded depth value 4.8 (m bGL) Mean of recorded depth value 25.8 (m bGL) Median of recorded depth values 21.3 (m bGL) Number of bores with DERM standing groundwater level 24 (bores) data Least recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 30.5 (m bGL) Deepest recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 1.5 (m bGL) Mean of recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 12.2 (m bGL) Median of recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 10.6 (m bGL)
The bores recorded by DERM as tapping the Gebbie Sub-group are summarised in Table 5.7. The data presented in Table 5.7 indicate that the water bores tap the Gebbie Sub-group between depths ranging form 18 to 20 m bGL. DERM records for individual water bore yields in the Gebbie Sub-group range from a low of 0.63 L/s to a high of 1.2 L/s. DERM records of groundwater levels in this unit are shallow ranging from 10 to 12.2 m bGL.
Table 5.7 Statistics for key DERM data for bores assessed to tap the Gebbie Sub-group
Statistic Value Units
Number of bores with any DERM records 3 (bores) Number of bores with DERM yield records 3 (bores) Lowest recorded yield value 0.63 (L/s) Highest recorded yield value 1.2 (L/s) Number of bores with depth DERM records 2 (bores) Lowest recorded depth value 18 (m bGL) Highest recorded depth value 25 (m bGL) Number of bores with DERM standing groundwater level 3 (bores) data Least recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 10 (m bGL) Deepest recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 12.2 (m bGL)
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The low number of registered water bores tapping the Gebbie Sub-group suggests that there are limited groundwater resources available in this formation. However, the low number of bores in the Gebbie Sub- group may reflect the small number of very large properties in this area may not entirely reflect the volume of the available groundwater resource. Furthermore, there are basalt and volcanic aquifers available in the region of shallow and outcropping Gebbie Sub-group rocks. Accordingly, groundwater search in this area may be biased to shallow and more productive alternative groundwater sources than the Gebbie Sub-group.
5.3.4 Rannes Beds
The Permian age Rannes Beds are composed of greenish shale, siltstone, fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and slate. The Rannes Beds outcrop in the Gogango Range, which is located to the east of the Duaringa Basin. The Rannes Bed outcrop in reasonably close proximity to the Duaringa Formation but are inferred to occur at depth below the Duaringa Basin. Any hydrological connection that exists between the Duaringa Formation and the Rannes Beds will be through the intervening units.
The bores recorded by DERM as tapping the Rannes Beds are summarised in Table 5.8. The DERM recorded data presented in Table 5.8 indicate that the water bores tap the Rannes Beds between depths ranging from 6 to 48.5 m bGL. DERM recorded individual water bore yields for the Rannes Beds range from a low of 0.1 L/s to a high of 2.6 L/s. DERM records of groundwater levels for this unit indicate shallow values ranging from 0.5 to 24.4 m bGL. The low number of water bores tapping the Rannes Beds suggests that there are limited groundwater resources available in this formation.
Table 5.8 Statistics for key DERM data for bores assessed to tap the Rannes Beds
Statistic Value Units
Number of bores with any DERM records 29 (bores)
Number of bores with DERM yield records 26 (bores)
Lowest recorded yield value 0.1 (L/s)
Highest recorded yield value 2.6 (L/s)
Mean of recorded yield values 1.0 (L/s)
Median of recorded yield values 0.6 (L/s)
Number of bores with depth DERM records 23 (bores)
Lowest recorded depth value 48.6 (m bGL)
Highest recorded depth value 6.0 (m bGL)
Mean of recorded depth value 26.5 (m bGL)
Median of recorded depth values 23.5 (m bGL)
Number of bores with DERM standing groundwater level data 26 (bores)
Least recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 0.5 (m bGL)
Deepest recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 24.4 (m bGL)
Mean of recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 10.1 (m bGL)
Median of recorded depth to standing groundwater levels 9.1 (m bGL)
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 57 Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
6.0 Mineral and Petroleum Exploration in the Duaringa Basin
The Duaringa Formation has been explored for mineral and petroleum resource development since the early 1960’s, although oil shale was first noted in outcrops in the Dawson River in the 1920’s (Ball, 1928). A search of the Queensland Petroleum Exploration Database (QPED) identified seven wells in the Duaringa Basin (Figure 6.1 and Table 6.1). There are numerous other exploration wells, mainly oil shale wells, in the Duaringa Basin as well (Figure 6.2). A review of the well completion reports for these wells as contained in the Queensland Digital Exploration Reports (QDEX) system was carried out to develop a conceptual understanding of the Duaringa Basin subsurface.
The bores identified in QPED were been completed to explore for oil shale, coal and to define the Duaringa Basin stratigraphy (Table 6.1). Two most recent exploration wells were completed to explore for CSG resources.
Table 6.1 QPED wells in the Duaringa Basin Ground Driller’s Well ID surface depth to Spud Well name Operator Bore type number elevation depth date (m AHD) (m bGL) Pure Energy Coal Seam 60547 Boombah-1 Resources Ltd Gas 130 966 31-Aug-08 Geological 950 GSQ Duaringa Survey of 1-2R Queensland Stratigraphic 180 1303 02-Feb-79 Geological 951 GSQ Duaringa Survey of 3-5R Queensland Stratigraphic 195 1224 27-Sep-79 Kmann 1/ 1R/ Pure Energy Coal Seam 60816 1R2/ 1R3/ 1R4 Resources Ltd Gas 80 883 02-Aug-08 Associated 651 Mackenzie Freney Oil Scout 1 Fields NL Petroleum 203.6 169.2 24-Nov-64 Associated 652 Mackenzie Freney Oil Scout 2 Fields NL Petroleum 93.3 182.9 02-Dec-64 Associated 653 Mackenzie Freney Oil Scout 3 Fields NL Petroleum 130.8 172.2 12-Dec-64
Three holes were drilled to depths between 93.3 and 206.3 m bGL following completion of the Mackenzie seismic survey (Jones, 1964). These wells were drilled at seismic shot points A5, A10 and H17. Jones (1964) reported red, yellow and grey while clay at all three of the Mackenzie “Scout” wells. The Mackenzie “Scout” wells do not fully penetrate the Duaringa Formation. However, Jones (1964) interpreted the seismic data and has suggested that the contact between the Tertiary age Duaringa Formation and the underlying Permian age sediments is approximately:
1,200 m bGL at the location of Mackenzie Scout 1;
300 m bGL at the location of Mackenzie Scout 2; and
650 m bGL at the location of Mackenzie Scout 3.
PR106887-REP-001; Rev 0 / 14 March 2011 Page 58 CPirCPir TTvTTvvvv TvTTvTvvv TvTv CPvCPv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv CPvCPv 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E 805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E 705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E 705000°E 685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E 685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E 725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E 725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E 765000°E765000°E765000°E 785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E 665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E 685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E 685000°E 725000°E 745000°E 765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E 785000°E 665000°E 725000°E PvPv CvmCvm TvTv TvTv PbPb TvTvTvTv TvTv TvTv 7514000°N7514000°N TvTv TvTv CPirCPir TvTv TvTv CPvCPv TvTv PvPv CgCg CPvCPv TvTv TvTv TvTv CgCg wwwjjjj TvTv CgCg PwbPwb
CgCg PgPg CgCg PvPv PvPv PcPc PgPg PcPc PvPv TvTv PvPv
PvPv PwbPwb PvPv CgCg TvTv PirPir TvTv TvTv PirPir PirPir TvTv PirPir 7494000°N7494000°N CPvCPv TvTv TvTv PirPir TvTv PvPv TvTv TvTv PvPv PwtPwt PirPir TvTv CgCg PirPir TvTv PwjPwj PTirPTir TvTv TvTv PwbPwb TvTv PTirPTir PgPg TvTv TvTv TvTv PgPg TvTv PTirPTir TvTv PTirPTir CgCg CgCg CgCg RrRr TvTv PwbPwb TvTv PirPir CPvCPv CgCg CgCg PbmPbm CgCg PvPv PbmPbm CgCg PbmPbm 7474000°N7474000°N CPvCPv PbmPbm CgCg CgCg CgCg PbmPbm CgCg PgPg PbmPbm PwjPwj PbmPbm TvTv CgCg PbPb PbmPbm PcPc CgCg CPvCPv PbePbe PbePbe PvPv TvTv PbmPbm PbmPbm TvTv PbmPbm TvTv PcPc PbmPbm PcPc PcPc RrRr PwjPwj RrRr
PbPb 7454000°N7454000°NPwgPwg PbePbe PbPb PcPc PbePbe PvPv PvPv PbePbe CPvCPv MACKENZIEMACKENZIE SCOUTSCOUT 22 PbPb CPvCPv PbPb PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PbnPbn PvPv PvPv PvPv PcPc PbmPbm CPvCPv PvPv DUARINGADUARINGA 3-5RD3-5RD CPvCPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv 7434000°N7434000°N PvPv PvPv 7434000°N7434000°N PvPv MACKENZIEMACKENZIE SCOUTSCOUT 11 PcPc PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv LEGEND PbmPbm PvPv PvPv PbPb PvPv PvPv PRgPRg PvPv PbnPbn TuTu PbnPbnDuaringa Basin PbPb PvPv CPvCPv PbPb PvPv PwbPwb PbmPbm PvPv PwbPwbLateritic Tablelands PbmPbm PvPv PbPb PbPb PbPb QPED Wells BOOMBAHBOOMBAH 11 PvPv PvPv 7414000°N7414000°N BOOMBAHBOOMBAH 11 7414000°N PvPv PwjPwj PvPv PvPv TvTv PvPv PvPv SURFACE GEOLOGY PvPv PvPv PvPv PbmPbm Duaringa Formation (Tu) Biloela Formation (To) Undivided Intrusives (Ki) PRgPRg Peak Range Volcanics (Tp) CPvCPv Undifferentiated volcanics (Tv) Peawaddy Formation (Pbp) PvPv KMANNKMANN 1/1/ 1R/1R/ 1R2/1R2/ 1R3/1R3/ 1R41R4 PvPv Moolayember Formation (Rm) PvPv PbmPbm Clematis Group (Re) PbmPbm PvPv Lower Clematis Group (Rel) PvPv PvPv Rewan Formation (Rr) PgPg Pg-YARROL/SCAG (Pg) Pv-YARROL/SCAG (Pv) PbPb Rangal Coal Measures,Bandanna Formation,Baralaba Coal (Pwj) PbqPbq MACKENZIEMACKENZIE SCOUTSCOUT 33 PPvvv BurngrovePbiPbi Formation (Pwg) PPvvv PbiPbi PbmPbm Gyranda Formation (Pwy) ReRe Banana Formation (Pwyb) ReRe T Fair Hill Formation (Pwt) Flat Top Formation (Pbf) ReRe DUARINGADUARINGA 1-2R1-2R Freitag Formation (Pbg) Catherine Sandstone (Pbh) PwyPwy CPvcCPvc Ingelara Formation (Pbi) TvTv Cattle Creek Formation (Pbk) PRgPRg Aldebaran Sandstone (Pbl) CPvcCPvc MacMillan Formation (Pbn) Crocker Formation (Pbq) Barfield Formation (Pbr) PbmPbm Black Alley Shale (Pbs) RrRr Woolein Formation (Pl) Back Creek Group (Pb) Blenheim Formation (Pbe) RelRel CPvcCPvCPvcc Boomer Formation (Pbm) PRg-YARROL/SCAG (PRg) CC PTir-YARROL/SCAG (PTir) CPvcCPvc CC Moranbah / German Creek Coal Measures (Pwb) CC Oxtrack Formation (Pbo) Carmila beds (Pc) CPvcCPvc PlPl Pir-YARROL/SCAG (Pir) 02550RrRr PlPl CPvcCPvc CPvcCPvc CPv CPvcCPvc CPir-YARROL/SCAG (CPir) Camboon Volcanics (CPvc) CPvcCPvc ReRe Torsdale Volcanics (Cvt) Clive Creek Volcanics (Cvc) kilometers Mountain View Volcanics (Cvm) RelRel Cg-BBG (Cg) CPvcCPvc RmRm CPvcCPvc CC
KiKi RelRel SOURCE: QLD DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION (2009)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 6.1 February 2011 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION (QPED) WELLS IN THE DUARINGA BASIN PvPv TvTv CPgCPg PwjPwj TvTv CPgCPg CPvCPv TvTv ROOROO 2C2C CPirCPir PwjPwj TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv OHOH 66 TvTv TvTv CPgCPg RrRr OHOH 77 OHOH 88 CPirCPir OHOH 55 TvTv TvTv CPvCPv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv TvTv CPvCPv 725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E 725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E 785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E785000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E 725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E725000°E 725000°E 785000°E 725000°E 745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E745000°E 705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E705000°E 805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E805000°E 745000°E 685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E 765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E 665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E 685000°E685000°E 765000°E765000°E 705000°E PwjPwj 805000°E 685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E 765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E 665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E665000°E 685000°E PwjPwj 765000°E 685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E685000°E 765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E765000°E PwjPwj 665000°E PwjPwj OHOH 22 PvPv OHOH 22 OHOH 44 ROOROO 1C1C CvmCvm OHOH 33 OHOH 33 TvTv TvTv PbPb TvTv TvTv CPirCPir BATBAT 4C4C TvTv TvTv BATBAT 4C4C BATBAT 2C2C PvPv CgCg CPvCPv TvTv CgCg PwjPwj TvTv CgCg PwbPwb MayMay DownsDowns NoNo 11 PwjPwj WBWB 22 CgCg PgPg CgCg PgPg PvPv BATBAT 1C1C PvPv PcPc WBWB 33 PgPg PcPc PvPv TvTv DDDD 9595 DDDD 2727 PvPv WBWB 11 DDDD 4242 PvPv PwbPwb PvPv CgCg BATBAT 3C3C TvTv PirPir TvTv TvTv PirPir PirPir TvTv DDDD 2525 7494000°N7494000°N TvTv DDDD 2525 7494000°N7494000°N TvTv CPvCPv DDDD 3030 DDDD 3838 TvTv PirPir PwbPwb TvTv TvTv PvPv PwbPwb TvTv TvTv BHBH 25A25A PvPv BHBH 25A25A PirPir CgCg PirPir DDDD 4141 TvTv DDDD 4141 TvTv DDDD 2121 PwjPwj RrRr DDDD 3939 DDDD 2121 PTirPTir PwbPwb TvTv PTirPTir PgPg TvTv TvTv TvTv PgPg TvTv TvTv CgCg DDDD 3333 CgCg DDDD 9393 DDDD 2020 DDDD 4040 DDDD 9696 CgCg CgCg PvPv 7474000°N7474000°N PbmPbm DDDD 9494 CgCg DDDD 8989 PbmPbm CgCg PbmPbm DDDD 3535 PbmPbm PwjPwj TvTv PwjPwj PbmPbm TvTv CgCg PcPc CgCg DDDD 3232 DDDD 2828 DDDD 3232 DDDD 2828 PbePbe PvPv DDDD 9191 TvTv DDDD 9191 RrRr DDDD 2929 TvTv PbmPbm DDDD 8888 TvTv DDDD 8888 PcPc PbmPbm PcPc PcPc DDDD 6363 DDDD 9292 DDDD 3434 DDDD 3636 DDDD 3131 DDDD 3131 PbPb 7454000°N7454000°N PbePbe DDDD 6464 CoreenCoreen NoNo 11 PbPb DDDD 1515 PcPc PbePbe DDDD 2626 MackenzieMackenzie ScoutScout PwbPwb DDDD 90A90A DDDD 6565 DDDD 1616 DDDD 1717 PvPv PbePbe DDDD 5656 PbPb CPvCPv DDDD 3737 DDDD 5555 DDDD 6767 PvPv PbPb DDDD 3737 DDDD 6767 PvPv PbnPbn DDDD 6868 BH 13A PvPv DDDD 9090 BHBH 13A13A DDDD 6969 DDDD 9090 DDDD 7070 PcPc DDDD 6969 DDDD 7070 PbmPbm DDDD 1313 MackenzieMackenzie ScoutScout MackenzieMackenzie ScoutScout PvPv DDDD 5454 CPvCPv DDDD 7171 GSQGSQ 3-5RD3-5RD GSQGSQ 3-5RD3-5RD PvPv PvPv DDDD 7474 7434000°N7434000°N PvPv PvPv PvPv PvPv DDDD 1010 PvPv PcPc DD 12 PcPc PvPv DDDD 75A75A DDDD 1212 PvPv PvPv DDDD 75A75A LEGEND PbmPbm PvPv PvPv DDDD 7575 BHBH 19A19A PbmPbm BHBH 19A19A PbPb PbPb PvPv PvPv PRgPRg PvPv DDDD 7676 PbnPbn TuTu PRgPRg PvPv DuaringaPbnPbn Basin DDDD 7272 PbPb PwgPwg PvPv DDDD 1818 PbmPbm DDDD 5151 PbmPbm DDDD 7777 DDDD 1414 PbmPbm DDDD 4949 PwbPwb PbmPbm DDDD 4949 Lateritic Tablelands DDDD 1919 PvPv DDDD 1919 PbPb DDDD 0101 DDDD 0303 PvPv 7414000°N7414000°NWells DDDD 49A49A DDDD 7373 PvPv DD 73 DDDD 7979 DDDD 66A66A DDDD 6666 PwjPwj DDDD 7878 DDDD 0505 PvPv TvTv PvPv DDDD 5252 PvPv SURFACE GEOLOGY DDDD 5353 PvPv DDDD 5353 DDDD 0707 PvPv PbmPbm DDDD 5050 Duaringa Formation (Tu) DDDD 8080 Biloela Formation (To) BHBH 52A52A Undivided Intrusives (Ki) DDDD 8787 DDDD 6262 DDDD 8282 CPvCPv DDDD 8787 Peak Range Volcanics (Tp) DDDD 6262 DDDD 8282 DDDD 4848 Undifferentiated volcanics (Tv) DDDD 4747 DDDD 4848 PvPv BHBH 47A47A PvPv Peawaddy Formation (Pbp) BHBH 47A47A PvPv PbmPbm Moolayember Formation (Rm) DDDD 6161 DDDD 06A06A Clematis Group (Re) PvPv DDDD 0202 Lower Clematis Group (Rel) DDDD 0606 DDDD 4646 Rewan Formation (Rr) DDDD 4646 PbPb Pg-YARROL/SCAG (Pg) PbPb MackenzieMackenzie ScoutScout PbnPbnPv-YARROL/SCAGPbqPbq (Pv) DDDD 8383 MackenzieMackenzie ScoutScout PbiPbi DDDD 0404 Rangal Coal Measures,Bandanna Formation,Baralaba Coal (Pwj) DDDD 0404 ReRe DDDD 4545 Burngrove Formation (Pwg) ReRe TvTv Gyranda Formation (Pwy) DDDD 4343 ReRe Banana Formation (Pwyb) ReRe DDDD 8181 DDDD 8484 DDDD 8686 Fair Hill Formation (Pwt) DDDD 8181 DDDD 8484 PwyPwy CPvcCPvc Flat Top Formation (Pbf) PwyPwy DDDD 0808 CPvcCPvc Freitag Formation (Pbg) DDDD 4444 TvTv DDDD 8585 DDDD 4444 TvTv Catherine Sandstone (Pbh) PRgPRg PRgPRg CPvcCPvc Ingelara Formation (Pbi) DDDD 0909 CPvcCPvc TvTv Cattle Creek Formation (Pbk) DDDD 2424 TvTv DDDD 1111 Aldebaran Sandstone (Pbl) PbmPbm RrRr MacMillan Formation (Pbn) GSQGSQ 1-2R1-2R Crocker Formation (Pbq) GSQGSQ 1-2R1-2R Barfield Formation (Pbr) RelRel DDDD 2323 CPvcCPvc Black Alley Shale (Pbs) PgPg Woolein Formation (Pl) DDDD 6060 DDDD 2222 Back Creek Group (Pb) DDDD 2222 CPvcCPvc PgPg PgPg CPvcCPvc PgPg Blenheim Formation (Pbe) Boomer Formation (Pbm) DDDD 5959 PgPg PRg-YARROL/SCAG (PRg) CPvcCPvc 02550RrRr PTir-YARROL/SCAG (PTir) CPvcCPvc CPvcCPvc PlPl Moranbah / German Creek Coal Measures (Pwb) DDDD 5757 Oxtrack Formation (Pbo) CPvcCPvc PbPb ReRe Carmila beds (Pc) ReRe PwjPwj Pir-YARROL/SCAG (Pir) kilometers CPv RelRel CPir-YARROL/SCAG (CPir) CPvcCPvc RmRm CPvcCPvc Camboon Volcanics (CPvc) DDDD 5858 CPvcCPvc PlPl Torsdale Volcanics (Cvt) Clive Creek Volcanics (Cvc) Mountain View Volcanics (Cvm) CPvCPvccc PbsPbs Cg-BBG (Cg)
KiKi bbbsss RelRel KiKi
CPvcCPvc KiKi CPvcCPvc KiKi PbfPbf PiPiPri PbrPbr PwjPwj PiPiPir PbfPbf RelRel PbfPbf SOURCE: QLD DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION (2009)
PR106887-REP-001 Rev A Figure 6.2 February 2011 MAP SHOWING THE MINERAL AND PETROLEUM WELLS NOT IN QPED Duaringa Basin Report on Hydrological Investigations
No groundwater was recorded as being encountered at the Mackenzie Scout wells or was noted in records for the 10 to 20 m deep shot holes. RPS used the Mackenzie seismic survey data, including Jones (1964) depth to basement estimates, define the depth to basement and the overall subsurface structure of the Duaringa Basin.
The Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ) drilled two deep stratigraphic wells in the Duaringa Basin between February 1979 and December 1980 (Table 6.1 and Appendix B). GSQ Duaringa 1-2R was drilled to a total depth of 1,303 m bGL and GSQ Duaringa 3-5R was drilled to a total depth of 1,224 m bGL (Noon, 1982). These bores intersected an interbedded sequence of silty shale, mudstone, oil shale, and occasional coal beds. The lithology and hydrostratigraphy of these deep stratigraphic bores are discussed in more detail in Section 7.0.
GSQ Duaringa 1-2R was drilled near the town of Duaringa and terminated in an amygdaloidal basalt of indeterminate origin. GSQ Duaringa 1-1A eventually reached total depth of 702 m bGL. The hole was initially cored to 692 m bGL before being deflected at 583 m bGL. GSQ Duaringa 2 was drilled without coring to 654 m bGL before being cored to the total bore depth at 1,303 m bGL. This bore was drilled just east of the bounding fault in the southern deep section of the Duaringa Basin. Following completion geophysical data logging, GSQ Duaringa 1-2R was plugged and abandoned.
GSQ Duaringa 3-5R was drilled just north of the subsurface saddle dividing the Duaringa Basin into northern and southern sub-basins (Figure 4.4, Figure 4.5 and Figure 6.1). Well GSQ Duaringa 3-5R terminated in the Permian age sediments that underlie the Duaringa Basin. Accordingly, this bore captures the stratigraphy of the northern basin and to a lesser extent the stratigraphy of central basin saddle. GSQ Duaringa 3-3A was cored to 694 m bGL before being deflected at 980 m bGL. GSQ Duaringa 3-3A eventually reached 980 m bGL before being abandoned. GSQ Duaringa 4 was abandoned before reaching coring depth at 530 m bGL. GSQ Duaringa 5RD was deflected four times to carry the core to the total 1,224 m bGL.
The most extensive exploration of the Duaringa Basin was the Duaringa Oil Shale Prospect carried by Southern Pacific Petroleum and Central Pacific Minerals starting in the early 1980’s. More than 100 exploration bores were completed across three mineral exploration tenures (Figure 6.1) to explore the potential of the shallow oil shale resource. The southern tenure (ATP 3458) was located just west of the town of Duaringa, the central tenure (ATP3460) was located in central basin, west and south of the Mackenzie River, and the northern tenure was located just west of the Isaac River.
The bores constructed for the Duaringa Oil Shale Prospect ranged in depth from 22 to 484 m bGL and averaged a relatively shallow 133 m bGL. The median depth of these investigation bores, at 118 m bGL was slightly shallower than the average well. The majority of the shallow oil shale exploration bores intersected one or more oil shale horizon. The shallow oil shale horizons do appear to be correlative over wide areas suggesting that Duaringa Formation beds should be equally correlative across the Basin (Dixon and Pope, 1987). The available seismic data suggests that there is good correlation across the base at depth as well (Figure 4.6). Basalt was noted to occur in bores DD62, DD63 and DD64. The driller’s notes document some damp and possibly wet soils but no groundwater. There were rare notes of groundwater seepage during drilling. However, there was no specific mention of groundwater in the exploration wells.
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In addition to the exploration activities documented by the QPED data, RPS identified two additional exploration bores, May Downs 1 and Coreena 1, located towards the northern and eastern side of the Duaringa Basin (Figure 6.2). These wells were drilled by Dekker-Rex Pty Ltd on behalf of Griffin Coal Mining Ltd to explore Permian age Coal Measures underlying the Duaringa Formation (Rix, 1971). No marketable coals were identified, but wells May Downs 1 and Coreena 1 penetrated the full thickness of the Duaringa Formation (Figure 6.3).
Figure 6.3 Geological cross sections at May Downs 1 and Coreen 1 (Rix 1971)
The 675 m deep May Downs 1 well intercepted the contact from the Tertiary age Duaringa Formation and the underlying sediments at 590 m bGL. The 425 m deep Coreen 1 well intercepted the contact between the Tertiary age Duaringa Formation and the underlying sediments at 150 m bGL. The well logs for May Downs 1 and Coreena 1 suggest a sequence of interbedded shales and mudstones that appear to be similar to the sediments reported elsewhere for the Duaringa Formation. However, sand beds and sandstones are more frequently documented in the geological log for Coreen 1 that at May Downs 1 or at both GSQ Duaringa1-2R and 3-5R. The coarse material at this location, near the eastern basin margin, is consistent with the overall depositional history of the Basin. No groundwater was documented as being encountered at May Downs 1 or Coreen 1.
Rix (1971) developed a cross section for the eastern margin of the Duaringa Formation using surface outcrops mapped by Malone et al. (1970b) and the well log data from May Downs 1 and Coreen 1. The cross sections prepared by Rix (1971) confirm a gentle westward dip to the unconformable contact between the Duaringa Formation and the underlying Permian age sediments.
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There are two additional reports in the QDEX system which discuss exploration for coal resources below Duaringa Formation (JABAS/MM and T, 1967 and Dunn, 1981). These investigations are noted here because they document numerous drill holes that penetrate the full thickness of Tertiary age Duaringa Formation as it was mapped Malone et al. (1970b).
Analysis of the drilling locations suggests the drilling by the JABAS/MM and T, Joint venture occurs west of the Duaringa Basin bounding fault. JABAS/MM and T (1967) found generally 10 to 20 m of Tertiary age sediment overlying Permian age sediments. These Tertiary age sediments are a veneer that lap over the Permian age sediments adjoining the Duaringa Basin to the west but are not part of the main, thick Duaringa Formation sedimentary sequence.
Dunn (1981) documented the drilling of 13 exploration bores north of May Downs. The geological logs from this exploratory drilling encountered Tertiary age sediments 20 to 55 m thick overlying Permian age sediments. Again, there appears to be a veneer of young sediment overlying the older basement materials just north of the Duaringa Basin proper.
A more detailed examination of the available data reveals a significant number of addition petroleum and mineral exploration activities in the Duaringa Basin that are not recorded in QPED. There have been extensive drilling programs to explore the shallow oil shale resources (Linder, 1981). One drilling program completed over 100 exploration bores on three separate tenures (Figure 6.2).
The reports associated with the exploration bores were reviewed to determine if there they contained any data relevant to this current investigation. RPS review reports completed by J.A.B.A.S/M.M. and T Joint Venture (1967), Dunn (1981) Linder, (1982) and Pope (1996) on file in the QDEX system. The review centred on locating groundwater occurrence data and depth to basement data. RPS found virtually no references to groundwater in these reports and the very rare references to the depth to basement presented previously.
It would be accurate to state that mineral and exploration programs in covered by the above-mentioned investigations found no economically exploitable mineral or petroleum resources at the time of the original investigation. It is equally accurate to say that these investigations did not encounter sufficient groundwater to record in the reports or sufficient groundwater to warrant converting the any exploration well into a water bore.
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Table 6.2 Southern Pacific petroleum shallow oil shale wells Ground Ground Ground Well Well Well ID surface Well Oil shale horizon Well ID surface Oil shale horizon Surface Well depth Identification Oil shale horizon intersected number elevation depth (m) intersected number elevation intersected Elevation Depth (m) (m) Number (m AHD) (m AHD) (m AHD) DD 01 180 201.3 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 34 242 169.8 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 66A 170 483.9 DD 02 110 249.2 BB, BA, AZ, A DD 35 220 130 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 67 170 78.5 AZ, A DD 03 210 247.6 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 36 180 120.9 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 68 190 117.7 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 04 125 209.6 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 37 225 136.3 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 69 220 159.5 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 05 220 190 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 38 220 95 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 70 180 102.8 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 06 85 249.3 A DD 39 265 118.4 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 71 195 111.8 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 06A 85 376.7 A DD 40 240 88 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 72 210 105.4 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 07 120 389.6 A DD 41 248 145 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 73 210 126.5 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 08 175 260.3 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 42 210 97 C, BC, BB, BA DD 74 205 135.2 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 09 105 179.3 BA, AZ, A DD 43 140 109 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 75 180 99.8 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 10 190 179.4 DD 44 140 112 BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 75A 180 66.8 C, BC, BB DD 11 125 99.1 BB, BA, AZ, A DD 45 160 112 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 76 190 117.5 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 12 180 100 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 46 200 154.3 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 77 200 123.7 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 13 190 117.3 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 47 170 130 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 78 160 63.7 AZ, A DD 14 170 66.9 A DD 48 110 61.5 BB, BA, AZ DD 79 200 116.6 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 15 155 78.3 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 49 180 24 DD 80 150 96 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 16 170 87 BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 49A 180 97 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 81 190 160 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 17 135 45.3 AZ, A DD 50 200 106 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 82 150 128.4 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 18 185 31 DD 51 200 118.5 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 83 145 113.5 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 19 180 81.1 BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 52 190 106 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 84 182 141.9 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 20 245 147 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 53 200 107 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 85 220 171.5 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 21 230 139.7 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 54 185 89 C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 86 181 153.6 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 22 110 97.9 A DD 55 170 73 BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 87 152 129.6 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 23 140 91.6 BB, BA, AZ, A DD 56 185 74 BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 88 205 135.5 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 24 135 109 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 57 120 51.6 A DD 89 242 148.6 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 25 200 92.9 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 58 145 26.9 DD 90 202 101 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 26 278 154.4 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 59 70 186.6 A DD 90A 202 90.4 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 27 221 120.4 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 60 70 117.6 A DD 91 238 106 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 28 250 163.3 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 61 105 58.8 A DD 92 185 126 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 29 164 199.7 BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 62 80 59.1 A DD 93 245 114.5 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 30 283 162.4 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 63 115 47.1 BA, AZ DD 94 250 141.5 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 31 252 137.2 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 64 120 53.5 A DD 95 242 161 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 32 254 147.5 D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 65 160 22.2 DD 96 205 120 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ DD 33 253 157.6 E, D, C, BC, BB, BA, AZ, A DD 66 170 483.9 BB, BA, AZ, A 170 483.9 Minimum 22 Maximum 484 Average 133 Median 118
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