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Embargoes by Belligerent States International Law Studies—Volume 15 International Law Documents The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. Government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College. IV. EMBARGOES BY BELLIGERENT STATES. General.—Not only have the neutral States placed restrictions upon export but the belligerent States have established embargoes upon certain goods to certain ports, or even the transit of certain goods. Such embar- goes necessarily interfere seriously with the free move- ment of commerce. The extent to which ambargoes have been applied is illustrated in the British and German regulations. In addition to the embargoes, belligerents have issued proclamations in which were made known the names of persons or firms in certain countries to which exports might be made. BRITISH EMBARGOES. [Corrected according to the latest available information.] Department of State, August 28, 1915. Whereas by section 8 of "The customs'and inland revenue act, 1879," it is enacted that the exportation of arms, ammunition, and gunpowder, military and naval stores, and any articles which we shall judge capa- ble of being converted into or made useful in increasing the quantity of military or naval stores, provisions, or any sort of victual which may be used as food for man may be prohibited by proclamation; And whereas by section 1 of ''The exportation of arms act, 1900." it is enacted that we may by proclamation prohibit the exportation of all or any of the following articles, namely, arms, ammunition, mili- tary and naval stores, and any article which we shall judge capable of being converted into or made useful in increasing the quantity of arms, ammunition, or military or naval stores, to any country or place therein named whenever we shall judge such prohibition to be expe- dient in order to prevent such arms, ammunition, military or naval stores being used against our subjects or forces or against any forces engaged or which may be engaged in military or naval operations in cooperation with our forces; whereas section 1 of "'The customs (exportation prohibition An by ) act, 1914," it is enacted that section 8 of the aforesaid •Customs and inland revenue act, 1879," shall have effect whilst a state of war in 57 58 BELLIGERENT EMBARGOES. which we are engaged exists as if in addition to the articles therein mentioned there were included all other articles of every description; And whereas it is further enacted by section 2 of "The customs (exportation prohibition) act, 1914," that any proclamation or order in council made under section 8, as so amended, of "The customs and inland revenue act, 1879," may, whilst a state of war exists, be varied or added to by an order made by the Lords of the Council on the recom- mendation of the board of trade; And whereas by section 1 of "The customs (exportation restriction) act, 1914," it is enacted that section 1 of "The exportation of arms act, 1900," shall have effect whilst a state of war in which we are engaged exists as if, in addition to the articles therein mentioned, there were included all other articles of every description; And whereas it is further enacted by section 2 of "The customs (exportation restriction) act, 1914," that any proclamation made under section 1 of the exportation of arms act, 1900, may, whether the procla- mation was made before or after the passing of the act now in recital, be varied or added to by an order made by the Lords of the Council on the recommendation of the board of trade; And whereas a proclamation dated the 3d February, 1915, and vari- ous orders dated, respectively, the 2d and the 18th March, the 15th, the 21st, and the 26th April, the 6th and the 20th May, the 2d and the 24th June, and the 8th and the 19th July, 1915, prohibiting the expor- tation of certain articles therein referred to from the United Kingdom to certain or all destinations, have been issued in pursuance of the aforesaid powers; And whereas it is expedient that the said proclamation and orders should be consolidated, with amendments and additions, and that such proclamation and orders should be revoked; And whereas we have deemed it expedient to prohibit the exporta- tion of the articles hereinafter enumerated: Now, therefore, we have thought fit, by and with the advice of our Privy Council, to issue this our royal proclamation, declaring, and it is hereby declared, that the above-mentioned proclamation and orders be and the same are hereby revoked; And we have further thought fit, by and with the advice aforesaid, and in virtue and in exercise of the powers aforesaid, further to declare, and it is hereby declared, as follows: (A) That the exportation of the fol- Aircraft of all kinds, etc.—Continued. lowing goods be prohibited to all des- High-tensile steel tubes. tinations: Aeroplane instruments (aneroids, baro- Air craft of all kinds, including aeroplanes, graphs, revolution indicators), airships, and balloons and their corapo- Aeroplane turnbuckles. nent parts, together with accessories and Steel stampings, articles suitable for use in connection Aeroplane engines and parts, with air craft, including: Animals, pack, saddle, and draft, suit- Noninflammable "celluloid " sheet (or able for use in war. similar transparent material nonsolu- Cannon and other ordnance and machine ble in lubricating oil, petrol, or guns and parts thereof, water). Capsicum and oleo-resin of capsicum. Aeroplane dope. Carbons, suitable for searchlights. GENERAL BRITISH. 59 Carriages and mountings for cannon and Chemicals, etc.—Continued. other ordnance, and for machine guns Mercury. and parts thereof. Methylaniline. Cartridges, charges of all kinds, and their Neo-salvarsan. component parts. Nitric acid. Celluloid. Nitrotoluol. Chemicals, drugs, dyes and dyestufTs, me- Novocain. dicinal and pharmaceutical preparations, Opium and its preparations and alka- and tanning extracts, namely: loids. Aceto-celluloses. Paraffin, liquid medicinal. Acetone. Paraformaldehyde and trioxymethy- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). lene. Alcohol, methylic. Paraldehyde. Ammonium nitrate, perchlorate and "Peptone Witte." and sulphocyanide. Phenacetin. Amyl acetate. Picric acid and its components. Anthracene oil and green oil. Potash, caustic. Antipyrine (phenazone). Potassium cyanide. Antitetanus serum. Potassium permanganate. Belladonna, its alkaloids and prepara- Protargol, not including silver protein- tions, including belladonna plaster. ate. Benzol. Pyridine. Caffeine and its salts. Saccharin (including "saxin"). Calcium acetate and all other metallic Salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, so- acetates. dium salicylate, and theobromine- Cantharides and its preparations. sodium salicylate. Carbolic acid. Salol. Carbon disulphide. Salvarsan. Chloral and its preparations, including Santonin and its preparations. chloramid. Sulphonal. Chlorates, perchlorates, and nitrates, Sulphur and spent oxide of sulphur. all metallic. Sulphur dioxide, liquefied. Coal-tar distillation products, being the Sulphuric acid. fractions of the distillation products Tanning, extracts for use in, the follow- of coal tar between benzol and cresol. ing: Coal-tar products for use in dye manu- Chestnut extract. facture, including aniline oil and ani- Oakwood extract. line salt. Thorium, oxide and salts of. Collodion. Thymol and its preparations. Cresol, and all preparations of cresol Toluol and mixtures containing toluol. (including cresylic acid) and nitro- Trephenyl phosphate. cresol (except saponified cresol). Trional. Cyanamide. Valonia. Diethylbarbituric acid (veronal) and Coal tar, crude. veronal sodium. Compasses, other than ships' compasses. Dimethylaniline. Copper and brass solid-drawn tubes. Dyes and dyestuffs manufactured from Cotton fabric, suitable for air craft. coal-tar products. Cotton waste of all descriptions. Emetin and its salts. Diamonds, rough, suitable for industrial Ergot of rye, not including liquid ex- purposes. tract or other medicinal preparations Explosives of all kinds. of ergot. Field glasses and telescopes. Eucaine hydrochlor. Firearms, rifled, of all kinds, and their Fusel oil (amyl alcohol). component parts. Gentian and its preparations. Flax fabric, suitable for air craft. Glycerine, crude and refined. Flax, raw. Henbane and its preparations. Forage and food which may be used for Hydroquinone. animals, namely: Indigo, natural. Beans, including haricot beans, Burma Ipecacuanha root. and Rangoon beans. Manganese, peroxide of. Brewers' and distillers' grains. GO BELLIGERENT EMBARGOES. Forage, etc. -Continued. Magnetos. Brewers' dried yeast. Meat, namely, beef and mutton, fresh or Cakes and meals, the following, refrigerated. namely: Mercury. Coconut and poonac cake. Oats. Compound cakes and meal. Periscopes. Cottonseed cake, decorticated and Projectiles of all kinds and their component undecorticated, and cottonseed parts. meal. Range finders and parts thereof. Gluten meal or gluten feed. Sheepgut. Linseed cake and meal. Silk cloth, silk braid, silk thread, suitable Maize germ meal. for cartridges. Maize meal and flour. Silk noils. Hay. Silk shantung in the piece. Lentils. Spirits, methylated. Maize. Spirits of a strength of not less than 43 Malt dust , malt flour, culms, sprouts, degrees above proof. or combings. Swords, bayonets, and other arms (not OfTals of corn and grain, including: being firearms) and parts thereof. Bran and pollard. Tarpaulins and wagon covers. Mill dust and screenings of all Wheat, wheat flour, and wheat meal. kinds. Wood, namely: Rice meal (or bran)
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