CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND of PUNE DISTRICT and HIRDA CULTIVATION PART I ABOUT "PUNE DISTRICT" 3.1:1 Location: Extent and Bo
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CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND OF PUNE DISTRICT AND HIRDA CULTIVATION PART I ABOUT "PUNE DISTRICT" 3.1:1 Location: Extent and Boundaries 3.1:1:1 Location 3.1:2:1 Extent and Boundaries 3.2:1 Administrative set up 3.3:1 Tehsils in Pune District 3.4:1 Climate and Rainfall 3.5:1 Minerals 3.6:1 Rivers 3.7:1 Social Aspects of Pune district 3.7:1:1 Population 3.7:2:1 Demographies 3.7:3:1 Density 3.7:4:1 Sex Ratio 3.7:5:1 Literacy 3.7:6:1 Educations 3.8:1 Agriculture 3.9:1 IT companies in pune 3.10:1 Co-operation 3.11:1 Urban co-operative Banks in Pune district 3.12:1 Industries 3.13:1 Other Banks 3.14:1 Education 3.15:1 Transport 3.16:1 Local Transport 3.17:1 Places of Interest PARI II ABOUT "HIRDA CULTIVATION" 3.1:11 Introduction 3.2:11 Habitat of Hirda' 78 3.3: II Similer names of 'Hirda' - synonyms 3.4: II Selected vernacular names of 'Hirda' 3.5: II Sanskrit names of 'Hirda' 3.6: II What Hindu text says about origin of the plant (Hirda) 3.7: II How to identify the Haritaki fruit with you is good or not 3.8: II Bio Energetic features of 'Hirda' 3.9: II Therapeutic Uses of 'Hirda' in Ayurveda 3.10:11 Common names of' Hirda' in Various Countries 3.11 :II Family information of 'Hirda' 3.12:11 Microscopic Characteristics of'Hirda' 3.13:11 Powder of'Hirda' 3.14:11 Phytochemistry of 'Hirda' 3.15: II Basic Uses of' Hirda' (Terminalia Chebula) 3.16:11 Medicinal Uses of'Hirda' 3.17:11 Pharmacological Investigations of 'Hirda' 3.18:11 Botanical Description of Terminalia Chebula (Hirda) 3.19:11 Natural Habit of 'Hirda' 3.20:11 History of 'Hirda' Cultivation 3.21 :II Propagation and Management of 'Hirda' 3.22:11 Functional Uses of 'Hirda' 3.23:11 Properties of'Hirda' 3.24:11 Trade of'Hirda' 3.25 :II Plant Material of Interest: Dried Fruits of 'Hirda' 3.26:11 Organoleptic Properties Odour 3.27:11 Powaered Plant Material of 'Hirda' 3.28:II General Identity Tests of 'Hirda' 3.29:11 Pesticide Residues in 'Hirda' 3.30:11 Heavy Metals in 'Hirda' 3.31 :II Radioactive Residues in 'Hirda' 3.32:11 Major Chemical Constituents in 'Hirda' 3.3 3: II Pharmacology of' Hirda' 3.34:11 Taxicology of 'Hirda' 79 3.35:11 Contraindications in 'Hirda' 3.36:11 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility of Hirda 3.37:11 Dosage Forms of' Hirda' 3.38:11 Posology of'Hirda' 3.39:11 Active Ingredients in 'Hirda' 3.40:11 Break - up of Medicinal Plant by their parts Utillised 3.41:11 Seeds of'Hirda' 3.42:11 Technical Information on Important 'Hirda' Tree Species 3.43:11 Classification of Medicinal Plants 3.44:11 Some Images of 'Hirda' Tree 3.45 :II Industrial Uses of Medicinal plants 3.46:11 Morphology of 'Hirda' medicinal plant 3.47:11 Technical Information on Import at Tree Species 3.48:11 Terminalia Chebula Suppliers at Commercial Basic 80 Introduction- "Background of Pune District and Hirda Cultiration",involved the brief information of Pune district.lt includes Location Extent and Boundaries, Tehsils in Pune District,Climate and Rainfall, Minerals in district. Rivers, Demographic features,Agriculture, It companies in Pune,Co-operation,Urban co-operative Banks in Pune district, Industries under district. Other Banks,Education facilities. Transport facilities,Local Transport and interest Places of Pune district.The second part of this chapter is on "Hirda cultivation." 3.1:1 Location: Extent and Boundaries- 3.1:1:1 Location - Pune district is located between 17°-54 and 19''-24 North latitude and 73°-20 and 75^- 10 East longitude. 3.1:2:1 Extent and Boundaries - Pune district is surrounded by Ahmednagar district in the north and the East, Satara district in the south, Raigad district in the West, Solapur district in the south-East and Thane district in the North-west.The geographical area of Pune district is 15,642 sq. km. and it covers 5 percent of the total area of the state of Maharashtra. 3.2:1 Administrative set up - The administrative set up of Maharashtra consists of 6 divisions.The Kokan Division consists 4 districts, Pune Division 5 districts, which division of 5 district, Aurangabad Division 7 districts, Amaravati division 4 districts, and Nagpur Division 5 district. Pune is the headquarter of Pune division which consists of Pune, Satara, Sangali, Kholapur and Solapur Districts. Pime district is divided into three sub - divisions. Haveli sub division which consisits of five tehsils: viz Haveli, Maval, Mulshi, Bhor, and Velha Tehsils. Baramati sub - division consists of Daund, Baramati, Purandar and Indapur Tehsils. Khed sub - division consists of Khed, Ambegaon, Junnar and ShiruT Tehsils. Pune city is in Haveli sub - division. 3.3:1 Tehsils in Pune District - There are fourteeai tehsils in Pune district namely Ambegaon, Baramati, Bhor, Dcund^ Haveli, Indapur, Juimar, Khed, Mawal, Mulshi, Punecity, Purandhar, Shirur, Velhe.According to the census of 2011, there are 25 cities and 1,866 villages in Pune district. 3.4:1 Climate and Rainfall - Pune district is characterized by diverse and extreme climatic conditions, while the over all climates in the district is not so. The eastern part of the Pune district has a very hot climate and the western part of the district has a pleasantly cold climate.Pune district receives its rains mainly from the south-west monsoon winds; however, some tehsils in the district receive rains from the north-east monsoon winds. As we move from west towards the east, the amount of rainfall decreases gradually, the western part of the district receives approximately 1171 mm of rainfall, while the drought prone areas of the east receive approximately 600 to 700 mm of rainfall. 3.5:1 Minerals - The minerals found in Pune district are Black stone andlimestone is abimdantly. 3.6:1 River - A number of rivers such as Bhima, Mula, Mutha, Karha, Kukadi, Pavana, Meena, Gunjvani, Pushparati, Nira and Shivganga flow through the Pune district. The Bhima River a tributary of Krishna is the most prominent amongst them. 82 3.7:1 Social Aspects of Pune district - Social aspects of Pune district cover Demography, cities, and towns, population, Density, sex, Literacy,education, Medical facilities, culture, caste, and some other aspects. 3.7:1:1 Population - As per census of 2001, total population of the district was 72 lakh 32 thousand and 555. Urban population compreses 58.08 % of the total population. The current population is 94 lakh 26 thousand 959 as per 2011 census. The current population of Pune urban uglomerate is over 4 million. The growth rate of population of Pune district was 30.73 % per decade. 3.7:2:1 Demographies - As per census of 2001, the total population was 7,232,555 people and 9,426,959 as per census of 2011, and 1,517,041 households in 2001 and 1,950,051 households in 2011. The total Child population (0-6Age) is 9, 68,851 as per of census 2001 and 1,067,261 as per of 2011. 3.7:3:1 Density - The density of population was 462 per sq.km.According to census 2001 and 603 according to census 2011. 3.7:4:1 Sex Ratio - The sex ratio of Pune district was 919 in Pune district as per census 2001 and 910 as per census 2011. Male population is 3,769,128 and female population is 3,463,427 as per census 2001 and Mail population is 4,936,362 and female population is 4,490,597 as per census 2011. 3.7:5:1 Literacy - As per census 2001, the total literates are 5,039,290 and as per census 2011 total 7,288,517 is literate's population in total population. The total male 83 is 2,879,761 and Female is 2,159,529 is literates in census 2001 and total male is 4,048,650 and Female is 3,239,867 is literates in census 2011. 3.7:6:1 Education - a) Primary school - The total number of "primary schools" in Pime district was 4614, and total nimiber of students was 8, 65,368 in Pune district. b) Secondary school - The total number of high schools was 1303 in Pune district, and total number of students was taking higher educationwere 8,39,389 in Pune district. c) College education - rj^-^ The total number of private grant in aid colleges was^^ in Pune district and 47 in Pune city. The total number of student was 1, 27,630 in Pime district. d) Professional Education - There are four professional institutes with admission capacity of 660 students in Pime districtand one institute with 180 student's capacity in Pune city. There are 33 engineering colleges with adimission capacity of 13072 students in Pime district. Pune is known as the "Oxford of the East."Pune city draws a large number of students both from India as well as abroad.Pune is the ideal destination. The institutes located here from offer a variety of courses ranging from medicine, engineering, biochemistry and biotechnology to mass communication, astronomy and so on. 84 3.8:1 Agriculture - 3.8:1:1 Land Utilization pattern - The total geographical area of Piine district is 15, 62,058 hectares. The details of land Utiization in Fund district for the vpar i oo«-QQ pj-p at fallows- ^-^^[jL. a) The extent of arable land (land available for cultivation) was 13, 30,820 hectares or 85% of the total geographical area.