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Tailandia: El Sector De Maquinaria Para Envase Y Embalaje

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Tailandia: El Sector De Maquinaria Para Envase Y Embalaje Tailandia: El Sector de Maquinaria para Envase y Embalaje ERCADO M OFICINA COMERCIAL DE ESPAÑA EN BANGKOK Mayo, 2002 NFORMES DE I Tailandia: El Sector de Maquinaria para Envase y Embalaje ÍNDICE Informe sobre maquinaria para envase y embalaje……………………………. 4 - Características del sector…………………………………………………………. 4 • Maquinaria para el procesamiento de productos farmacéuticos y cosméticos…………………………………………………………………….. 5 • Maquinaria para etiquetado y artes gráficas……………………………….. 7 - Situación y tendencias de la oferta y demanda sectoriales…………………… 8 - Factores de comercialización…………………………………………………….. 9 - Posicionamiento de la oferta española…………………………………………. 11 ANEXOS: Anexo I. Aranceles aplicables……………………………………………………… 13 Anexo II. Estadísticas de importación y exportación………………………….. 14 Partidas (por este orden): 842220 (pág. 17), 842230 (pág. 18), 842240 (pág. 25), 842290 (pág. 30), 842330 (pág. 34), 842381 (pág. 36), 843920 (pág. 39), 843930 (pág. 40), 843991 (pág. 42), 843999 (pág. 44), 844110 (pág. 47), 844120 (pág. 50), 844130 (pág. 52), 844140 (pág. 54), 844180 (pág. 56), 844190 (pág. 59), 844311 (pág. 62), 844340 (pág. 64), 844359 (pág. 66) 2 Tailandia: El Sector de Maquinaria para Envase y Embalaje Anexo III. Listados de importadores y otras empresas de interés………….. 73 - Observaciones……………………………………………………………………... 73 - Partidas: 842220 (pág. 71), 842230 (pág. 73), 842240 (pág. 78), 842290 (pág. 83), 842330 (pág. 88), 844110 (pág. 90), 844120 (pág. 95), 844130 (pág. 96), 844140 (pág. 99), 844180 (pág. 100), 844190 (pág. 104), 844311 (pág. 109), 844340 (pág. 110) - Listados generales de importadores……………………..…….………………. 115 Anexo IV. Diez consejos generales para hacer negocios en Tailandia…… 151 3 Tailandia: El Sector de Maquinaria para Envase y Embalaje - MAQUINARIA DE ENVASE Y EMBALAJE CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SECTOR La maquinaria de envase y embalaje es muy utilizada en la mayoría de los otros sectores productivos en Tailandia. La principal industria demandante del envase y embalaje es la agroalimentaria. Los principales productos exportados son el atún enlatado, la piña enlatada o en zumo, siendo Tailandia unos de los primeros exportadores mundiales. De hecho, aunque la recuperación de la economía local haga que se esté incrementando la demanda doméstica de alimentos procesados, el principal motor de crecimiento de esta industria es la exportación de este tipo de productos. A pesar de la crisis económica, el sector agrícola ha seguido comportándose favorablemente y es el único que ha mostrado un desarrollo económico positivo en todo momento. En cuanto a las bebidas destaca el alto consumo de cerveza. Tailandia ocupa el puesto número siete en la clasificación mundial de productores agrícolas siendo el único exportador neto de alimentos del continente asiático. Las exportaciones alcanzaron en 1997 los 7.000 millones USD. Ese mismo año existían más de 50.000 empresas registradas dedicadas al procesamiento de alimentos y a su envase. Este mercado creció a un ritmo anual del 20% entre 1995 y 1997. Actualmente, Tailandia ingresa aproximadamente 10 billones USD anuales de la producción de alimentos y en 1999 se estimaba que dicha industria tenía una valor de 5 billones USD, por debajo de los 6,2 billones USD que se estimaban en 1997. No obstante, con la paulatina recuperación de la economía y el continuo desarrollo de la industria este valor está en aumento. La industria se ha modernizado considerablemente en las dos últimas décadas y hoy en día existen cerca de 8.000 fábricas (la mayoría de reducida dimensión) que emplean a 570.000 personas. En términos globales, destacan: - entre 40 y 50 empresas significativas en el sector del procesado de frutas y vegetales - 10 destacados procesadores de productos cárnicos - 7 empresas significativas de productos lácteos - 19 procesadores importantes de atún en conserva, aunque tres empresas acumulan el 70% de la producción nacional de este producto Los fabricantes de conservas son los responsables de gran parte del desarrollo pasado de la agroindustria. El valor combinado de las exportaciones de frutas (piña), vegetales, pescados (atún) y marisco en 1998 fue el 23% de las exportaciones de alimentos elaborados, con un valor de 89,6 billones de bahts. Dentro de este mercado destacan las siguientes empresas: - Thai Union Frozen Public Co. Ltd.: en el año 1999 era la empresa líder dentro del sector de las conservas, con cerca del 20% del mercado. Dispone de una gran capacidad de producción y una importante red de distribución. Para fortalecer su posición, adquirió en junio de 1999 el 90% de la empresa Thai Union Manufacturing Co. Ltd., uno de los principales productores de pescado y marisco en conserva. - Kuang Pei Food Products Public Co Ltd.: a pesar de contar con aproximadamente el 14% del mercado, su cuota de mercado se ha visto reducida en los últimos años. - Universal Foods Public Co. Ltd. y Malee Sampran Public Co. Ltd. también tienen una presencia importante en casi todos los segmentos de este sector 4 Tailandia: El Sector de Maquinaria para Envase y Embalaje A nivel mundial, es el primer exportador de piña en conserva, en zumo o concentrados, gambas congeladas y atún; uno de los primeros de pescado y marisco y entre los diez primeros de pollo congelado. El enlatado y preparación de congelados (en especial mariscos, frutas y vegetales) panaderías, fabricantes de aperitivos, lácteos y productos biológicos, así como las cadenas fast food, se convertirán en los sectores claves del crecimiento de la industria de la alimentación. Asimismo, hay que tener en cuanta que al ser Tailandia uno de los mayores exportadores mundiales de productos en conserva, este mercado esta en plena expansión y se prevé un alto crecimiento del mismo para los próximos años. Según la Thai Packaging Association, el crecimiento estimado de este mercado tanto en este año 2001, como en el siguiente rondará el 20%. Mercado de la maquinaria de procesamiento de alimentos en millones US$ 1997 1998 1999 Tasa de crecimiento anual para los próximos 2 años Importaciones 516,7 316,7 348,3 +10 Producción local 221,4 135,7 149,3 +10 Exportaciones 45 59,6 77,5 +30 Total 654,9 392,8 420,1 +20 Fuentes: Estimaciones de fuentes industriales y datos del Departamento de Aduanas Por lo que respecta a otras industrias distintas de la de procesamiento de alimentos que pueden utilizar este tipo de maquinaria, destacar con carácter general la orientación del país al mercado exterior, lo que hace que cada día sea más necesario modernizarse para poder cumplir los requisitos y normativas de muchos de los países destino de las mercancías tailandesas. 1 MAQUINARIA PARA PROCESAR PRODUCTOS FARMACÉUTICOS Y COSMÉTICOS Entre los años 1990 y 1997 la industria farmacéutica creció un 17% de media al año. Aproximadamente 21.000 productos farmacéuticos fueron fabricados y vendidos en Tailandia en el año 2000 y los diez primeros operadores absorbieron una cuota conjunta de mercado del 33,17% (de ellos tan sólo son tailandeses dos), siendo en el caso de los veinte primeros el 50,26% del total de productos. Existen un total de 176 fabricantes en Tailandia de productos farmacéuticos. Los medicamentos genéricos (productos para el tratamiento de la tos, el dolor –paracetamol- y otros similares) se producen en el país por empresas locales (60% del volumen, pero sólo 30% en cuanto a valor dentro del mercado). Los productos de marca generalmente se importan (medicamentos para el corazón u otros con formulas más complicadas y que requerirían unas altos costes en investigación o patentes que de momento la industria no puede soportar) por multinacionales extranjeras. La calidad 1 No se dispone de información suficiente como para realizar un estudio específico de la maquinaria y equipos para procesar productos farmacéuticos en Tailandia. El nivel de desagregación de Aduanas no permite diferenciar para este destino o uso específico dentro del conjunto de la maquinaria de envase y embalaje. Por ello incorporamos un breve perfil sobre ambos mercados con el fin de mostrar que la fabricación de dichos productos se esta desarrollando de forma importante y este tipo de maquinaria puede tener mercado. 5 Tailandia: El Sector de Maquinaria para Envase y Embalaje de los productos de producción local es inferior a la de los productos importados en al menos un 20%. Las importaciones tailandesas han sido tradicionalmente mayores que sus exportaciones. De hecho, aunque existe cierta producción local, los fabricantes locales importan la mayor parte de sus materias primas. La mayor parte de las exportaciones tailandesas tiene como destino los países vecinos del sudeste de Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Camboya, Singapur y Filipinas) región donde es líder en exportaciones. Entre los productos exportados se encuentran la penicilina, la insulina, los alcaloides, los complejos vitamínicos y la estreptomicina. Por lo que respecta a la maquinaria relativa al procesamiento de productos farmacéuticos, su crecimiento es muy reducido, estimado en aproximadamente un 5% o incluso inferior. Los problemas se derivan de los altos costes soportados relativos a la contratación de técnicos de laboratorio, cumplimiento de los requisitos impuestos por la FDA y otros costes que provocan en ocasiones unos costes difícilmente asumibles ante una gran competencia existente en el sector y que ha provocado el cierre de muchas empresas. El crecimiento en este tipo de maquinaria esta relacionado con el reemplazo de productos anteriormente importados que empiezan a ser producidos localmente, por lo que no se trata de crecimiento
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