DOCSLIB.ORG

The Healthy Core Metabolism: a New Paradigm for Primary Preventive Nutrition Anthony Fardet, Edmond Rock

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Healthy Core Metabolism: a New Paradigm for Primary Preventive Nutrition Anthony Fardet, Edmond Rock The Healthy Core Metabolism: A New Paradigm for Primary Preventive Nutrition Anthony Fardet, Edmond Rock To cite this version: Anthony Fardet, Edmond Rock. The Healthy Core Metabolism: A New Paradigm for Primary Pre- ventive Nutrition. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2016, 20 (3), pp.239-247. 10.1007/s12603-015-0560-6. hal-01458429 HAL Id: hal-01458429 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01458429 Submitted on 6 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. J Nutr Health Aging Volume 20, Number 3, 2016 THE HEALTHY CORE METABOLISM: A NEW PARADIGM FOR PRIMARY PREVENTIVE NUTRITION A. FARDET, E. ROCK 1INRA, Human Nutrition Department, JRU 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand & Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Corresponding author: Dr. Edmond Rock, INRA, Human Nutrition Department, JRU 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont- Ferrand & Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France, +33 (0)4 73 62 41 69, fax +33 (0)4 73 62 46 38, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Research in preventive nutrition aims at elucidating mechanism by which our diet helps us to remain in good health through optimal physiological functions. However, despite decades of accumulated data in human nutrition and regular subsequent nutritional recommendations, obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics continue to progress worldwide each year leading to a regular decrease of the Healthy Life Years, notably in Western countries. Such a paradox may be explained by the Nutrition Transition, the extreme application of the reductionist paradigm in nutrition research, the lack of nutritional education and a too strong focus on curative nutrition in at risk/ill subjects. In this position paper, we hypothesized that researchers should focus more on healthy subjects, from birth until maturity. Rather than exploring what differentiates healthy and at risk/ ill subjects, we propose to thoroughly study what characterizes a healthy state and its underlying metabolism. We define it as the Healthy Core Metabolism which remains stable whatever energy inputs (diets) and outputs (exercise), genetic background and external/internal stress, e.g., temporary illnesses. As a basis for Healthy Core Metabolism investigation, we observed that main physiological and ubiquitous functions of human organism, i.e., the neuro-vasculo-sarco-osteoporotic system, tend to follow a concave curve with common phases of growth, optimum, and decline. Finally, we hypothesized that true primary preventive nutrition should focus on the growth phase to reach the maximum capital of a given physiological function so that - whatever the further decline -, Healthy Life Years may approach or coincide with theoretical Life Expectancy. Key words: Healthy core metabolism, preventive nutrition, metabolic optimum, healthy metabolic range. Introduction to achieve optimal health and to live a long life in good health, idealistically to align the Healthy Life Years with Life The World Health Organization has proposed to cluster Expectancy. Therefore, the target of this primary prevention prevention in 3 categories: 1) Primary prevention includes is clearly the healthy large public. Preventive nutrition is all actions intended to reduce the incidence of a disease in a then ensured by public health policies via different mode of population, thereby reducing the risk of occurrence of new communication such as food pyramids, nutritional education, cases. It uses measures of individual (personal hygiene, diet, national nutrition programs such as the French Programme physical activity and sport, vaccinations ...) and collective National Nutrition Santé (PNNS, http://www.mangerbouger.fr/ (drinking water, waste disposal, food safety, immunization, pnns). hygiene and habitat workplace) prevention. This traditional Yet, diet-related chronic diseases prevalence increases concept of prevention inevitably leads to a vast improvement each year, notably for type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancers and in the quality of life and social institutions reform program; cardiovascular diseases. It then appears that preventive 2) Secondary prevention includes «all acts intended to reduce nutrition did not succeed in stopping such epidemics despite the prevalence of a disease in a population, thereby reducing several decades of research and the huge amount of nutritional the duration of disease progression». It takes into account data collected (1). Several reasons may be proposed for this the early detection and treatment of first symptoms; 3) situation: first, the well-known nutrition transition from Tertiary prevention includes all actions intended to reduce the traditional, unrefined, nutrient-dense and minimally-processed prevalence of chronic disability or recurrence in a population, foods to ultra-processed and energy-dense foods and the so as to minimize the functional consequences of disability parallel reduction of physical activities together with increased from the disease; it extends the prevention to the field of sedentarity (2), second, the application of the reductionist rehabilitation by seeking to promote professional and social paradigm associating one nutrient with one physiological reintegration. effects and reducing food health potential to only a few In theory, research in preventive nutrition aims at elucidating compounds and that have led to fractionation-recombination the mechanism by which our diet help us to remain in good of foods and to consider preventive nutrition according to a health, through optimal physiological functions. Today, pharmacological approach on the one hand and food bioactives preventive nutrition also associates physical activities, and similar to drugs on the other hand (1), and third the generally more generally gaining a sense of lifestyle choices and their low level of nutritional education leaving most populations effects upon one’s health. The final objective is therefore powerless in front of marketing pressure (e.g., advertisements Received January 19, 2015 Accepted for publication March 3, 2015 239 J Nutr Health Aging Volume 20, Number 3, 2016 HEALTHY CORE METABOLISM AND PREVENTIVE NUTRITION and labeling, risky health claims, etc.) by agro-food industry related chronic diseases like obesity (9), type 2 diabetes (10), and related stakeholders for ultra-processed and/or recombined cardiovascular diseases (11) and cancers (12). But to the best foods with high monetary added value. of our knowledge, the healthy state remains to be defined As a result, the Healthy Life Years progressively decrease or characterized via metabolomics. Indeed, most human each year leaving an always longer duration of life with studies were interested by what differentiate ill versus healthy disabilities, notably due to diet-related chronic diseases. The populations, not with what is common to them. duration with disabilities is today above 20 years in France for Today, it is clear that preventive nutrition is rarely applied both women (between 64, Healthy Life Years, and 85 years, very early in human life, but most of the time in the second half Life Expectancy) and men, which is more and more humanly of life where the individuals are already at risk if not affected and economically unbearable (1). Yet, in 1980, Fries et al. by degenerative diseases. The development of functional foods introduced the Compression of Morbidity hypothesis, « positing and supplements (i.e., nutraceuticals) for the latter population that the age of onset of chronic illness may be postponed more are more for curing an already unbalanced diet than for than the age at death and squeezing most of the morbidity avoiding illness (1). And if nutraceuticals fail to restore a in life into a shorter period with less lifetime disability » healthy state, this leaves place for pharmacological industry (3). Preventive nutrition and healthy diets may therefore be and medicine. It seems that a real primary nutrition-based expected to significantly extend the Healthy Life Years nearer prevention should be applied very early, at least during the to the age at death (4). Yet, until today, preventive nutrition first half of life, and idealistically starting by the mother before has been mainly focusing on secondary and tertiary prevention child conception. Yet, today, researchers in nutrition seem more that is preventing at risk people or curing ill subjects from focused on the health state of elderly than that of infants, young developing chronic diseases. In addition, research in preventive children, adolescent and young adults (i.e., before midlife); the nutrition has primarily investigated differences between at elderly having a higher purchasing power than the youngest! risk/ill and healthy subjects to unravel potential differences Therefore, from a scientific perspective there is an in physiological states (5). Paradoxically, the healthy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nutrition — Ph.D. 1
    Nutrition — Ph.D. 1 NUTRITION — PH.D. Prerequisites • Master's degree in nutrition preferred; or an M.S. or M.P.H. degree Program director with completion of all prerequisite courses; or a health professional Sujatha Rajaram degree at the master's level or higher (M.D. or equivalent) • Advanced biochemistry (may be taken concurrently with the program) The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in nutrition prepares students to • Anatomy and physiology, microbiology, general chemistry, and effectively conduct nutrition research as well as apply nutritional science organic chemistry knowledge and appropriate research methods to address public health problems. The program provide's an advanced curriculum in nutrition, • G.P.A. of 3.5 or higher preferred th professional skills, and competencies required to support careers in • GRE or equivalent (above the 40 percentile in each section is teaching and research. This program is uniquely situated in the School favorable) of Public Health at a health sciences university. The program engages in interdisciplinary research, encouraging collaboration across public Individuals who may benefit from the health disciplines and the basic sciences, promoting and building upon its core legacy of vegetarian and plant-based nutrition. Areas of curricular program strength and research emphasis include plant-based diets and the health Individuals seeking careers in: of the individual, populations and the planet, nutritional epidemiology, diet • Academia (teaching and research) and chronic disease-risk reduction, and community nutrition. • Researcher in private industry, governmental agencies, nonprofit Students enrolled in this program are able to concurrently complete organizations, or research institutes coursework and practice experience necessary to sit for the registered • Public health nutritionist dietitian nutritionist (RDN) exam if not already an RDN.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Michael Mcginnis, Md, Ma, Mpp
    J. MICHAEL MCGINNIS, MD, MA, MPP National Academy of Medicine, the National Academies, 500 Fifth Street NW, Washington DC 20001, (202) 334-3963, [email protected] Highlights: Michael McGinnis is a physician and epidemiologist who lives and works in Washington DC. Through his writing, government service, and work in philanthropy, he has been a long-time contributor to national and international field leadership in health, health care, and health policy. He currently serves at the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), where he is the Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer, Senior Scholar, and Executive Director of the NAM’s Leadership Consortium for public and private collaboration on behalf of a continuously learning health system. Previously, he served as founding Director, respectively, of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) Health Group, the World Health Organization’s Office for Health Reconstruction in Bosnia, the federal Office of Research Integrity (interim), and the federal Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. In a tenure unusual for political and policy posts, he held continuous appointment through the Carter, Reagan, Bush and Clinton Administrations at the Department of Health and Human Services, with policy responsibilities for disease prevention and health promotion (1977-1995). Programs and policies conceived and launched at his initiative include the Healthy People process establishing national health goals and objectives (1979-present), the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (1984-present), the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (with USDA, 1980- present), the multi-level Public Health Functions Steering Group and the Ten Essential Services of Public Health (1994-present), the RWJF Active Living family of programs (2000-present), the RWJF Young Epidemiology Scholars Program (2001-2012), the RWJF Health and Society Scholars Program (2002-2017), and the current Learning Health System initiative of the NAM.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015) Ministry of Health
    Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Health Service Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, JAPAN 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 100-8916 March 2018 This translation work was realized with the great help of Dr. Satoshi SASAKI (Toyko University) and Dr. Aki SAITO (National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition). Contents I Development and Application of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 1 1 Introduction 2 2 Basics of Development 6 3 Considerations for Development 13 4 Application of the Dietary Reference Intakes 19 II Energy and Nutrients 32 Energy 33 Protein 66 Dietary Fat 81 Carbohydrate 104 Energy Providing Nutrients’ Balance 115 Vitamins (1) Fat-soluble Vitamins (2) Water-soluble Vitamins Vitamin A 126 Vitamin B1 154 Vitamin D 131 Vitamin B2 157 Vitamin E 137 Niacin 160 Vitamin K 140 Vitamin B6 163 Vitamin B12 167 Folate 170 Pantothenic acid 174 Biotin 177 Vitamin C 180 Minerals (1) Macrominerals (2) Microminerals Sodium 201 Iron 236 Potassium 206 Zinc 246 Calcium 210 Copper 249 Magnesium 216 Manganese 251 Phosphorus 218 Iodine 253 Selenium 257 Chromium 260 Molybdenum 262 I Development and Application I Development and Application of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 1 I Development and Application 1．Introduction The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese proposes reference values for the intake of energy and nutrients, in the Japanese population, comprising both healthy individuals and groups, for the promotion and maintenance of health, and to prevent the occurrence of lifestyle- related diseases (LRDs). The objectives behind the development of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015) are shown in Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Value of Nutrition Services in Prevention and Treatment
    ISSUE BRIEF FOR ACADEMY MEMBERS Value of Nutrition Services in Prevention and Treatment Background The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is committed to improving the nation’s health and advancing the profession of dietetics through research, education and advocacy. Our members include registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs), nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered (NDTRs) and advanced-degree nutritionists. We work with all leaders to find non-partisan public policy solutions that promote health and reduce the burden of chronic disease through nutrition services and interventions. Our nation is paying the price for overlooking the importance of nutrition in preventing and treating chronic diseases. Our current health care system is too often reliant on crisis-intervention and disease care rather than focusing on disease prevention, wellness and healthy lifestyles. U.S. health care spending per person in 2015 exceeded that of any other nation, reaching $9,990 per person or $3.2 trillion total.1 Despite this spending, tens of millions of Americans suffer from preventable diseases, necessitating a paradigm change that prioritizes cost-effective and clinically effective prevention and treatment modalities with nutrition at their core. The Role of Academy Members Academy members play critical roles in public and community health, engaging in work ranging from improving community access to healthy food to developing and implementing statewide interventions to prevent obesity, diabetes and other chronic diseases. Public health and community nutrition registered dietitian nutritionists are leaders at federal, state and community agencies, successfully implementing complex food and nutrition programs that improve the health of individuals and communities. Our members play a key role in shaping the public’s food choices, improving people’s nutritional status and preventing and treating chronic disease.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Global Nutrition Report Is Launched in the Midst of the Covid-19 Crisis
    Global Nutrition Report Action on equity to end malnutrition ENDORSEMENTS Dr Lawrence Haddad, Executive Director of The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) The Covid-19 crisis has made it ever clearer that inequity is a maker and a marker of malnutrition. The crisis hurts the nutrition status of the most vulnerable first and hardest. In turn, the malnourished will be more susceptible to the virus. This report shows us how to move towards greater equity and, hence, improved nutrition outcomes. Gerda Verburg, United Nations Assistant Secretary General and Coordinator of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement The 2020 Global Nutrition Report is launched in the midst of the Covid-19 crisis. This is not only a health crisis followed by an economic crisis. In many developing countries, it is a health and nutrition crisis, combined with a socioeconomic crisis. Lockdowns impact people’s income, and their capacity to achieve food and nutrition security. Closed schools mean that school-meals programmes are no longer providing nutritious meals for children. Smallholder farmers and food producers, often women with few rights and limited ability to make decisions, will be particularly affected. In any new normal after this crisis, nutrition must be understood and recognised as an indispensable part of health, food, education and economic development. Particular attention must be paid to equity, the theme of this year’s report, ensuring that all forms of policy, action and systemic change support the poorest and most vulnerable, leaving no one behind. Henrietta H. Fore, Executive Director, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) As the 2020 Global Nutrition Report highlights, now more than ever, we need to strengthen our collective efforts to ensure that the most vulnerable children benefit from good diets and nutrition services and practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventive Nutrition the British Cardiac Society on Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease, British Medical3journal, 1976, 1, 881
    134 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 17 JULY 1976 triumphantly completed. At every session could be seen Mr The needs ofdistricts obviously vary, but, with their poten- J A (Gussie) Mehigan, making sure that everything ran tial in preventive as well as therapeutic medicine, we should smoothly-as chairman of the scientific committee, he and the surely encourage the establishment of dietitians and their use Br Med J: first published as 10.1136/bmj.2.6028.134-a on 17 July 1976. Downloaded from honorary secretary, Dr J P Alvey, earned warm praise for an in the Health Service. District dietitians should also have some imaginative and varied programme. Mrs Stanley McCollum clinical responsibilities and provide a service for the district and Mrs Edward Tempany were equally successful with the general hospital and teaching hospitals with specialist posts ladies' and children's programmes-while the profusion of in paediatric, renal, and metabolic units. A community dietetic flowers at every occasion, unwilting despite the unprecedented post could act as the link for the preventive work. heat wave, added a touch of elegance and femininity that was At present 150 dietitians qualify each year (after a four-year much appreciated. The varied social occasions gave the three training) and it will be difficult to increase this number until national contingents ample opportunity to mix (see p 160) hospitals have their full establishment of dietitians and so can while not weighing them down with ceremony. train students and give them the necessary practical ex- Departure from Ireland is always sad. On this occasion the perience.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Preventive Nutrition
    NURSE KNOW-HOW / PEER REVIEWED T Nutrition plays an essential role in veterinary medicine Promoting and is recognized as the 5th vital assessment. A Preventive Nutrition nutrition evaluation and recommendation should be performed for every Shoshana Verton-Shaw, RVT, VTS (Nutrition) patient at every Muirkirk, Ontario, Canada appointment.1 54 veterinaryteambrief.com April 2016 TEACHING TARGET PREVENTIVE NUTRITION SHOULD BE INTEGRATED INTO PREVENTIVE WELLNESS PLANS TO MEET LIFESTAGE, LIFESTYLE, AND NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS, HELP AVOID DISEASES, AND HELP ENSURE PATIENT HEALTH FOR AS LONG AS POSSIBLE. he goal of preventive ! Medical history: Previous condi- nutrition is to maintain a tions or injuries may indicate a Diet Calculations patient’s health as long as potential concern possible by integrating ! Breed: Consider common nutrition into preventive breed-related predispositions Step 1: Calculate resting energy wellness plans. Wellness ! Environment requirement (RER) = 70 x (ideal body weight in kg)0.75 diets meet the patient’s ! Gender current lifestage, lifestyle, Step 2: Calculate daily resting ! Body and muscle condition and energy requirements = RER x and nutrient requirements weight: Small changes can indicate Lifestage factor while helping avoid other diseases. a trend toward malnutrition T (eg, obesity) Lifestage However, wellness diets following the ! Nutrition history: Feeding method Factors7,8: lifestage nutrition concept are often and patient preferences may dictate underused, despite projected growth potential limitations. in pet food sales showing that most Dogs: clients recognize the importance of Build Client Compliance ! Neutered adult = 1.6 nutrition and are willing to pay a Preventive nutrition involves client ! Intact adult = 1.8 premium price for their pet’s food.2,3 education about certain nutrients’ ! Obese prone = 1.2-1.4 A 2003 AAHA compliance study roles in disease prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • Developments and Challenges in Family Practice Nutrition Education for Residents and Practicing Physicians: an Overview of the North American Experience
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1999) 53, Suppl 2, S89±S96 ß 1999 Stockton Press. All rights reserved 0954±3007/99 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/ejcn Developments and challenges in family practice nutrition education for residents and practicing physicians: An overview of the North American experience KM Kolasa1* 1Department of Family Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA The history of nutrition education in family medicine residency training and continuing medical education (CME) in North America is brie¯y reviewed. Past efforts have been successful in improving knowledge and attitudes toward nutrition. Some of the barriers to physicians providing nutrition services to their patients, such as poor reimbursement for those services, are largely outside the domain of medical educators. However, the education and training of family practice residents and practicing physicians in nutrition has not yet fully matured. Strategies are needed that impact physician counseling behaviors. Strengthening the content of certi®cation examinations, providing evidence that brief counseling strategies impact patient outcomes, and role modeling counseling through multimedia delivery are three educational strategies with potential. Descriptors: nutrition education; family medicine residency training Introduction 1998) could reduce physicians' frustrations in providing nutrition care. The acceptance of these evidence-based The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that guidelines could lead to improved reimbursement for nutrition care and education should be an integral part of nutrition services (or penalty for not providing them). each routine medical examination. The estimates vary, but The meteoric growth of the dietary supplement industry it appears that there is a nutrition related reason for at least and consumer interest and spending in alternative therapies 25% of all of®ce visits to primary care providers.
    [Show full text]
  • From a Reductionist to a Holistic Approach in Preventive Nutrition to Define New and More Ethical Paradigms
    Healthcare 2015, 3, 1054-1063; doi:10.3390/healthcare3041054 OPEN ACCESS healthcare ISSN 2227-9032 www.mdpi.com/journal/healthcare Concept Paper From a Reductionist to a Holistic Approach in Preventive Nutrition to Define New and More Ethical Paradigms Anthony Fardet *, Edmond Rock Unit of Human Nutrition, Joint Research Unit 1019, Human Nutrition Research Center of Auvergne, French National Institute for Agricultural Research & Clermont University, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-473-624-704; Fax: +33-473-624-755. Academic Editor: Sampath Parthasarathy Received: 08 September 2015 / Accepted: 21 October 2015 / Published: 28 October 2015 Abstract: This concept paper intends to define four new paradigms for improving nutrition research. First, the consequences of applying a reductionist versus a holistic approach to nutrition science will be discussed. The need for a more focused preventive nutrition approach, as opposed to a curative one, will then be presented on the basis of the ‘healthy core metabolism’ concept. This will lead us to propose a new classification of food products based on processing for future epidemiological studies. As a result of applying the holistic approach, health food potential will be redefined based on both food structure and nutrient density. These new paradigms should help define a more ethical preventive nutrition for humans to improve public recommendations while preserving the environment. Keywords: preventive nutrition; healthy life years; sustainability; reductionism; holism; healthy core metabolism; intervention studies; food ranking; food structure 1. Introduction Although our production systems currently provide quality foods, they are far from being sustainable for various reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventive Nutrition Interventions in the Context of Haiti
    Preventative Nutrition Interventions Haïti Priorise Reina Engle-Stone Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Christine P. Stewart Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Stephen A. Vosti Adjunct Professor, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California, Davis Katherine P. Adams Assistant Project Scientist, Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Working paper as of April 11, 2017. © 2017 Copenhagen Consensus Center [email protected] www.copenhagenconsensus.com This work has been produced as a part of the Haiti Priorise project. This project is undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada. The opinions and interpretations in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. Some rights reserved This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution Please cite the work as follows: #AUTHOR NAME#, #PAPER TITLE#, Haiti Priorise, Copenhagen Consensus Center, 2017. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0. Third-party-content Copenhagen Consensus Center does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. Preventative Nutrition Interventions Haïti Priorise Reina Engle-Stone Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis Christine P.
    [Show full text]
  • What Went Right? the Story of US Medicare Medical Nutrition Therapy
    Elia M, Bistrian B (eds): The Economic, Medical/Scientifi c and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Nutrition Practice: What Impacts What? Nestlé Nutr Inst Workshop Ser Clin Perform Program, vol. 12, pp 137–158, Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel, © 2009. What Went Right? The Story of US Medicare Medical Nutrition Therapy Stephanie Patrick American Dietetic Association, Washington, DC, USA Abstract When President Lyndon Johnson signed the Medicare and Medicaid bill into law in 1965, it ended the 46-year campaign to enact a healthcare program for senior citizens and started what is now a 42-year effort by the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and its members to expand its coverage to ‘nutrition services’ for all appropriate dis- eases, disorders and conditions. In December 2000, Congress passed a Medicare Part B Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) provision, limited to patients with diabetes and/or renal disease, effective January 2002. In December 2003, the Medicare Modernization Act expanded access to MNT benefit and ADA continues to focus on the role of the registered dietician in MNT. Successful expansion of MNT benefits will require that ADA continues to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of nutrition coun- seling, as performed by the registered dietitian. Copyright © 2009 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel The New York Times Business Section of March 11, 2007 included an article, ‘Knowledge is power only if you know how to use it’. Denise Caruso, executive director of the Hybrid Vigor Institute, wrote: ‘If we can land a man on the moon, why can’t we …?’ This ‘familiar, fill-in-your-pet-peeve lament about the state of the world since Neil Armstrong’s historic giant leap in 1969’ is a ‘question that continues to engage innovators and scholars’, she said.
    [Show full text]
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
    Books & journals books Adrenal: Fluck, C. E. (ed.) & Miler, W. L. (ed.) . Disorders of the human adrenal cortex. Basel: Karger; 2018. Krieger, D. T. Cushing's syndrome. Berlin: Springer; 1982. Lajic, Svetlana . Molecular analysis of mutated P450c21 in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Stockholm: Department of Women and Child Health Pediatr; 1998. Lehnert, Hendrik (ed.) . Pheochromocytoma; pathophysiology and clinical management. Basel: Karger; 2004. New, Maria . Advances in steroid disorders in children. Parma: Universita' Degli Studi di Parma; 2000. New, Maria I. (ed.) & Levine, Lenore S. (ed.) . Adrenal diseases in childhood. Basel: Karger; 1984. Vinson, G. P. (ed.) & Anderson, D. C. (ed.) . Adrenal glands, vascular system and hypertension. Bristol: Journal of Endocrinology; 1996. Aging: Brunner,D Jokl, E Eds. Physical activity and aging Basel: Karger,S; 1970. Corpas, Emiliano (ed.) . Endocrinology of Aging ; clinical aspects in diagrams and images. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2021. Morrison, Mary F. (ed.) . Hormones, gender and the aging brain ; the endocrine basis of geriatric psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000. Olshansky, S. Jay & Carnes, Bruce A. The Quest for immortality ; science at the frontiers of aging. New York: W. W. Norton & Company; 2001. Sinnott, Jan D. Sex roles and Aging : theory and research from a systems perspective. Basel: Karger; 1986. Werner Kohler, Jena (ed.) . Altern und lebenszeit ; vortrage anlablich der jahresversammlung vom 26. bis 29. ; marz 1999 zu halle (saale). Halle: Deutsche Akademie der Naurforscher Leopoldin; 1999. Auto-Immunity: Altman, Amnon (ed.) . Signal transducation pathways in autoimmunity. Basel: Karger; 2002. Bastenie, P. A. (ed.) & Gept, W. (ed.) & Addison, G. M. (ed.) . Immunity and autoimmunity in diabetes mellitus ; proceedings of the francqui foundation colloquium, ; brussels, april 30- may 1, 1973.
    [Show full text]