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Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016
Journal of US-China Public Administration, August 2016, Vol. 13, No. 8, 499-517 doi: 10.17265/1548-6591/2016.08.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016 Chung Fun Steven Hung The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong After direct elections were instituted in Hong Kong, politicization inevitably followed democratization. This paper intends to evaluate how political parties’ politics happened in Hong Kong’s recent history. The research was conducted through historical comparative analysis, with the context of Hong Kong during the sovereignty transition and the interim period of democratization being crucial. For the implementation of “one country, two systems”, political democratization was hindered and distinct political scenarios of Hong Kong’s transformation were made. The democratic forces had no alternative but to seek more radicalized politics, which caused a decisive fragmentation of the local political parties where the establishment camp was inevitable and the democratic blocs were split into many more small groups individually. It is harmful. It is not conducive to unity and for the common interests of the publics. This paper explores and evaluates the political history of Hong Kong and the ways in which the limited democratization hinders the progress of Hong Kong’s transformation. Keywords: election politics, historical comparative, ruling, democratization The democratizing element of the Hong Kong political system was bounded within the Legislative Council under the principle of the separation of powers of the three governing branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Popular elections for the Hong Kong legislature were introduced and implemented for 25 years (1991-2016) and there were eight terms of general elections for the Legislative Council. -
Dissenting Media in Post-1997 Hong Kong Joyce Y.M. Nip the De
Dissenting media in post-1997 Hong Kong Joyce Y.M. Nip The de-colonization of Hong Kong took the form of Britain returning the territory to China in 1997 as a Special Administrative Region (SAR). Twenty years after the political handover, the “one country, two systems” arrangement designed by China to govern the Hong Kong SAR is facing serious challenge: Many in Hong Kong have come to regard Beijing as an unwelcome control master; and calls for self-determination have gained a substantial level of popular support. This chapter examines the role of media in this development, as exemplified by key political protest actions. It proposes the notion of “dissenting media” as a framework to integrate relevant academic and journalistic studies about Hong Kong. From the discipline of media and communications study, it suggests that operators of dissenting media are enabled to put forth information and analysis contrary to that of the establishment, which, in turn, help to form an oppositional public sphere. In the process, the identity and communities of dissent are built, maintained, and developed, contributing to the formation of a counter public that participates in oppositional political actions. Studies on the impact of media, mainly conducted in stable Anglo-American societies, tend to consider mainstream media as institutions that index1 or reinforce the status quo,2 and alternative media as forces that challenge established powers.3 In Hong Kong, the 1997 political changeover was accompanied by a reconfiguration of power relationships in line with China’s one-party dictatorship. The change runs counter to the political aspirations of the people of Hong Kong, and has bred a political movement for civil liberties, public accountability, and democracy. -
Yours Truly 2021
Region Name Country Information Mailing Address Gender Africa Yahaya Sharif Aminu Nigeria 22-year old singer at risk of execution after being sentenced Yahaya Sharif-Aminu Male to death by hanging for circulating a song via WhatsApp Nigerian Correctional Service considered blasphemous. Kano State Command c/of Nigeria Correctional Service National Headquarters Bill Clinton Drive, Airport Road. P.M.B 16 Garki Abuja. Nigeria MENA Ruba Asi Palestine Ruba Asi a Palestinian student who has been in military Ruba Asi Female detention since 9 July 2020, she is currently charged with Damon Prison participation and affiliation with a democratic student P.O. Box 98 political group at Birzeit University. Daliyat al-Karmel Israel Europe & EECA Julian Assange Austrialia Julian Assange is an Australian journalist who founded Julian Assange Male WikiLeaks in 2006. He is being sought by the current US DOB 3 July 1971 administration for publishing US government documents #A9379AY which exposed war crimes and human rights abuses. The HMP Belmarsh politically motivated charges represent an unprecedented Western Way attack on press freedom and the public’s right to know – London SE28 0EB seeking to criminalise basic journalistic activity. United Kingdom If convicted Julian Assange faces a sentence of 175 years, likely to be spent in extreme isolation. MENA Marwan Barghouti Palestine Marwan Barghouti is the Secretary-General of Fatah in the Marwan Barghouti Male West Bank. He was arrested in 2002 and sentenced to five Hadarim Prison life sentences and 40 years. P.O. Box 165 Even Yehuda 405000 Israel Asia "Slow beat" Hong Kong Currently charged under conspiracy to commit subversion. -
Members of Board and Profiles
76 MEMBERS OF BOARD AND PROFILES MEMBERS OF THE BOARD FROM RIGHT FRONT ROW Mr Victor SO Hing-woh (Chairman), Mr Edward CHOW Kwong-fai, Mr Laurence HO Hoi-ming, Dr Lawrence POON Wing-cheung BACK ROW The Honourable Alice MAK Mei-kuen, Professor the Honourable Joseph LEE Kok-long, Mrs Cecilia WONG NG Kit-wah, The Honourable WU Chi-wai, Mr Thomas CHAN Chung-ching, Mr Evan AU YANG Chi-chun, Mr Roger LUK Koon-hoo, Mr Stanley WONG Yuen-fai, Mr Michael MA Chiu-tsee (Executive Director), Mr Raymond LEE Kai-wing 77 MEMBERS OF BOARD AND PROFILES FROM LEFT FRONT ROW Ir WAI Chi-sing (Managing Director), Mr Nelson LAM Chi-yuen, Mr Timothy MA Kam-wah BACK ROW Ms Judy CHAN Ka-pui, Dr Gregg LI G. Ka-lok, Mr Michael WONG Yick-kam, Mr Laurence LI Lu-jen, Dr CHEUNG Tin-cheung, Miss Vega WONG Sau-wai, Mr Pius CHENG Kai-wah (Executive Director), Dr the Honourable Ann CHIANG Lai-wan, Professor Eddie HUI Chi-man, Mr David TANG Chi-fai 78 MEMBERS OF BOARD AND PROFILES Chairman : Mr Victor SO Hing-woh, SBS, JP Managing Director : Ir WAI Chi-sing, GBS, JP, FHKEng Executive Directors : Mr Pius CHENG Kai-wah Mr Michael MA Chiu-tsee Non-Executive Directors (non-official): Mr Evan AU YANG Chi-chun (from 1 December 2017) Ms Judy CHAN Ka-pui Dr the Honourable Ann CHIANG Lai-wan, SBS, JP Mr Edward CHOW Kwong-fai, JP Mr Laurence HO Hoi-ming Professor Eddie HUI Chi-man, MH Mr Nelson LAM Chi-yuen Professor the Honourable Joseph LEE Kok-long, SBS, JP Dr Gregg LI G. -
Chapter 6 Hong Kong
CHAPTER 6 HONG KONG Key Findings • The Hong Kong government’s proposal of a bill that would allow for extraditions to mainland China sparked the territory’s worst political crisis since its 1997 handover to the Mainland from the United Kingdom. China’s encroachment on Hong Kong’s auton- omy and its suppression of prodemocracy voices in recent years have fueled opposition, with many protesters now seeing the current demonstrations as Hong Kong’s last stand to preserve its freedoms. Protesters voiced five demands: (1) formal with- drawal of the bill; (2) establishing an independent inquiry into police brutality; (3) removing the designation of the protests as “riots;” (4) releasing all those arrested during the movement; and (5) instituting universal suffrage. • After unprecedented protests against the extradition bill, Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam suspended the measure in June 2019, dealing a blow to Beijing which had backed the legislation and crippling her political agenda. Her promise in September to formally withdraw the bill came after months of protests and escalation by the Hong Kong police seeking to quell demonstrations. The Hong Kong police used increasingly aggressive tactics against protesters, resulting in calls for an independent inquiry into police abuses. • Despite millions of demonstrators—spanning ages, religions, and professions—taking to the streets in largely peaceful pro- test, the Lam Administration continues to align itself with Bei- jing and only conceded to one of the five protester demands. In an attempt to conflate the bolder actions of a few with the largely peaceful protests, Chinese officials have compared the movement to “terrorism” and a “color revolution,” and have im- plicitly threatened to deploy its security forces from outside Hong Kong to suppress the demonstrations. -
Hong Kong: in the Name of National Security Human Rights Violations Related to the Implementation of the Hong Kong National Security Law
HONG KONG: IN THE NAME OF NATIONAL SECURITY HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS RELATED TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HONG KONG NATIONAL SECURITY LAW Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 10 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2021 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2021 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: ASA 17/4197/2021 June 2021 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 1. BACKGROUND 3 2. ACTS AUTHORITIES CLAIM TO BE ‘ENDANGERING NATIONAL SECURITY’ 5 EXERCISING THE RIGHT OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY 5 EXERCISING THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 7 EXERCISING THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION 9 ENGAGING IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ADVOCACY 10 3. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ENABLED BY THE NSL 12 STRINGENT THRESHOLD FOR BAIL AND PROLONGED PERIOD OF PRETRIAL DETENTION 13 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT 15 RETROACTIVITY 16 SPECIALLY APPOINTED JUDGES 16 RIGHT TO LEGAL COUNSEL 17 ADEQUATE TIME AND FACILITIES TO PREPARE A DEFENCE 17 4. -
Hong Kong's National Security
FEBRUARY 2021 HONG KONG’S NATIONAL SECURITY LAW: A Human Rights and Rule of Law Analysis by Lydia Wong and Thomas E. Kellogg THE NATIONAL SECURITY LAW constitutes one of the greatest threats to human rights and the rule of law in Hong Kong since the 1997 handover. This report was researched and written by Lydia Wong (alias, [email protected]), research fellow, Georgetown Center for Asian Law; and Thomas E. Kellogg ([email protected]), executive director, Georgetown Center for Asian Law, and adjunct professor of law, Georgetown University Law Center. (Ms. Wong, a scholar from the PRC, decided to use an alias due to political security concerns.) The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments on the draft report. We also thank Prof. James V. Feinerman for both his substantive inputs on the report, and for his longstanding leadership and guidance of the Center for Asian Law. We would also like to thank the Hong Kongers we interviewed for this report, for sharing their insights on the situation in Hong Kong. All photographs by CLOUD, a Hong Kong-based photographer. Thanks to Kelsey Harrison for administrative and publishing support. Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i The National Security Law: Undermining the Basic Law, Threatening Human Rights iii Implementation of the NSL iv I INTRODUCTION 1 THE HONG KONG NATIONAL SECURITY LAW: II A HUMAN RIGHTS AND RULE OF LAW ANALYSIS 6 The NSL: Infringing LegCo Authority 9 New NSL Structures: A Threat to Hong Kong’s Autonomy 12 The NSL and the Courts: Judicial -
會董名錄- List of the Chamber's Committee Members
會董名錄 List of the Chamber's Committee Members 第45屆首長 Office-bearers of the 45th Term of Office 會 長 Chairman 霍震寰 Mr Ian FOK Chun-wan, SBS, JP 副 會 長 Vice-chairmen 林廣兆 胡經昌 蔡冠深 張成雄 Mr LAM Kwong-siu, Mr Henry WU Dr Jonathan CHOI Mr CHEUNG Sing-hung SBS King-cheong, BBS, JP Koon-shum, BBS, JP 楊 釗 方文雄 陳幼南 林銘森 Dr Charles YEUNG, Mr David FONG Dr Ian CHAN Mr LAM Ming-sum SBS, JP Man-hung Yau-nam 主會要董會名務錄回 L顧ist oRfe tvhie wC hoaf mthbee Cr'hsa Cmobmemr'sit tMeea jMore Emvbeenrts 9 永遠榮譽會長 Life Honorary Chairmen 曾憲梓 陳有慶 Dr the Hon TSANG Dr Robin CHAN Hin-chi, GBM Yau-hing, GBS, LLD, JP 孫城曾 古勝祥 何世柱 黃宜弘 Mr SUN Sheng-tsang Mr Daniel KOO Mr HO Sai-chu, GBS, Dr the Hon Philip Y Shing-cheong JP WONG, GBS 張永珍 翁錦通 王敏剛 鄧 焜 Dr Alice Y T CHENG, Mr YUNG Kum-tung Mr Peter M K WONG, Mr TANG Kwan, SBS GBS, CGCROPSKS BBS, JP 10 香港中華總商會 The Chinese General Chamber of Commerce Annual Report 2007 年報 常務會董 黃守正 劉宇新 李祖澤 黃士心 朱蓮芬 曾智明 許智明 黃英豪 余國春 馬忠禮 梁海明 葉成慶 羅富昌 林銘森(至20.9.07) 鄧楊詠曼 伍威全 范佐華 陳 斌 司徒源傑 于善基 高敏堅 何志佳 施展熊 楊孫西(香江國際有限公司代表) 袁 武(招商局集團有限公司代表) 伍步剛(永隆銀行有限公司代表) 劉鐵成(東方石油有限公司代表) 李國雄(新光酒樓(有限公司)代表) 林廣明(中國銀行(香港)有限公司代表) 胡國祥(維京印刷有限公司代表) 葉志光(精棉發展有限公司代表) 葉樹林(能記有限公司代表) 梁偉浩(得利鐘錶製品廠有限公司代表) 莊學山(中南鐘錶有限公司代表) 李德麟(大唐金融集團有限公司代表) 李 歡(南北行公所代表) 王遼平(香港中國企業協會代表) 李宗德(香港中華出入口商會代表) 馬介璋(香港潮州商會有限公司代表) 盧文端(旅港福建商會代表)(5.1.07就任) 余文聰(旅港福建商會代表)(5.1.07退任) Standing Committee Members WONG Sau-ching LAU Yue-sun LEE Cho-jat Jackie WONG See-sum CHU Lien-fan Ricky TSANG Chi-ming HUI Ching-ming Kennedy WONG Ying-ho YU Kwok-chun Lawrence MA Chung-lai Raymond LEUNG Hai-ming IP Shing-hing LO Foo-cheung LAM Ming-sum (up to 19.9.07) Sophia DAN YANG Wing-man Wilson WU Wai-tsuen Vincent FAN Chor-wah David CHAN Pun SZETO Yuen-kit Joseph YU Mickey KO Man-kin Nelson HO Chi-kai SZE Chin-hung Jose YU Sun-say (Rep H.K.I. -
Six-Monthly Report on Hong Kong 1 July to 31 December 2016
THE SIX-MONTHLY REPORT ON HONG KONG 1 JULY TO 31 DECEMBER 2016 Deposited in Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 24 FEBRUARY 2017 1 Contents FOREWORD .............................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 7 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ELECTIONS ...................................................................... 7 Confirmation Form...................................................................................................... 8 Allegations of manipulation and intimidation .............................................................. 9 Sixth Legislative Council .......................................................................................... 10 Swearing-in of legislators ......................................................................................... 10 Judicial reviews ........................................................................................................ 10 Legislative Council adjournments ............................................................................. 11 Court hearing and NPCSC interpretation of the Basic Law ...................................... 11 Outcome of judicial proceedings .............................................................................. 14 Further legal action.................................................................................................. -
Six-Monthly Report on Hong Kong 1 July to 31 December 2018
THE SIX-MONTHLY REPORT ON HONG KONG 1 JULY TO 31 DECEMBER 2018 Deposited in Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 27 March 2019 CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... 2 FOREWORD .............................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5 CONSTITUTION AND ‘ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS’ ...................................... 5 Foreign Secretary’s visit to Beijing ............................................................................. 5 Chief Executive’s Policy Address ............................................................................... 5 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up ............................................................. 6 Chief Executive’s duty visit to Beijing ......................................................................... 6 Debate on ‘One Country, Two Systems’ and the Basic Law ...................................... 6 China National Constitution Day ................................................................................ 7 SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................... 7 Prohibition of the Hong Kong National Party .............................................................. 7 Financial Times journalist refused renewal of work visa............................................ -
Street Occupations, Neglected Democracy, and Contested Neoliberalism in Hong Kong
Street Occupations in Hong Kong 101 Street Occupations, Neglected Democracy, and Contested Neoliberalism in Hong Kong Miguel A. Martínez* he Umbrella Movement (UM) is the conventional label applied to the street occupations that took place in Hong Kong (HK) between September 28 and December 15, 2014. Many participants Talso called it the Umbrella Revolution (Veg 2016, 680). UM activists strove for HK citizens’ right to universal suffrage applicable to the election of the chief executive and the whole legislature. The HK miniconstitution, or Ba- sic Law, in force since the return of the former British colony to People’s Republic of China (PRC) sovereignty in 1997, expressed the same goal as an “ultimate aim” to be implemented “in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress” (J. Ng 2016, 56).1 However, despite the continu- ous pressure exerted by the pan-democratic camp, the HK government has postponed the regulation and implementation of universal suffrage to date. With these promises and pressures in sight, a process of electoral reform was launched by the HK Special Administrative Region (SAR) govern- ment in 2013. To the disappointment of the pan-democrats’ aspirations, the electoral reform was substantially constrained by two documents issued by the Chinese central government in June and August 2014. In a white paper issued in June, the central authorities asserted their absolute power to interpret the Basic Law. In August, the same authorities delivered their interpretation of the electoral reform and set up a nomination committee following the model of the already existing Election Committee.2 The only novelty introduced consisted of the public voting on the two to three candidates standing for the chief executive role previously nominated. -
The Implementation of the National Security Law for Hong Kong
TOO SOON TO CONCEDE THE FUTURE: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY LAW FOR HONG KONG An HRIC White Paper with updated annotated bilingual chart of the NSL October 16, 2020 Photo: Studio Incendo https://www.hrichina.org CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ································································ 3 1. Introduction ······································································· 6 2. Implementation of the National Security Law to Date ···················· 8 ▪ Despite targeting of peaceful exercise of fundamental rights, yet still—people persist ▪ The Law creates an architecture of direct and indirect Central Government supervision, monitoring, and control of national security in Hong Kong—and jurisdictional tensions 3. Implementation Challenges: Taking Rights Seriously ·················· 16 ▪ Centering an international human rights framework ▪ The NSL and international human rights—on the books and in practice ▪ Ongoing structural, policy, and rights-related enforcement issues 4. Openings and Recommendations: “Landing the Plane” ··············· 26 ▪ Recommendations for further engagement by diverse stakeholders ▪ Conclusion: What’s at Stake Annexes A. Updated HRIC annotated bilingual chart of The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region with highlights of translation issues and suggested translation changes B. Hong Kong’s national security entities and background on key appointed personnel 1. The Committee for Safeguarding National Security (CSNS) 2. The Office for Safeguarding National Security (OSNS) 3. The Department for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Police Force (DSNS) 4. The Specialised National Security Crimes Prosecution Division of the Department of Justice (SPD) C. Related Resources 1. Key government documents 2. Hong Kong Bar Association statements 3. Statements by international human rights experts 4. Explainers and timelines 5.