Examples of Testimonial Propaganda Commercials
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Integrity: Its Causes and Cures
Fordham Law Review Volume 72 Issue 2 Article 4 2003 Integrity: Its Causes and Cures David Luban Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation David Luban, Integrity: Its Causes and Cures, 72 Fordham L. Rev. 279 (2003). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol72/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTEGRITY: ITS CAUSES AND CURES David Luban* Integrity is a good thing, isn't it? In ordinary parlance, we sometimes use it as a near synonym for honesty, but the word means much more than honesty alone. It means wholeness or unity of person, an inner consistency between deed and principle. "Integrity" shares etymology with other unity-words-integer, integral, integrate, integration. All derive from the Latin integrare,to make whole. And the person of integrity is the person whose conduct and principles operate in happy harmony. Our psyches always seek that happy harmony. When our conduct and principles clash with each other, the result, social psychology teaches us, is cognitive dissonance. And dissonance theory hypothesizes that one of our fundamental psychic mechanisms is the drive to reduce dissonance. You can reduce dissonance between conduct and principles in two ways. The high road, if you choose to take it, requires you to conform your conduct to your principles. -
Society Persuasion In
PERSUASION IN SOCIETY HERBERT W. SIMONS with JOANNE MORREALE and BRUCE GRONBECK Table of Contents List of Artwork in Persuasion in Society xiv About the Author xvii Acknowledgments xix Preface xx Part 1: Understanding Persuasion 1. The Study of Persuasion 3 Defining Persuasion 5 Why Is Persuasion Important? 10 Studying Persuasion 14 The Behavioral Approach: Social-Scientific Research on the Communication-Persuasion Matrix 15 The Critical Studies Approach: Case Studies and “Genre-alizations” 17 Summary 20 Questions and Projects for Further Study 21 2. The Psychology of Persuasion: Basic Principles 25 Beliefs and Values as Building Blocks of Attitudes 27 Persuasion by Degrees: Adapting to Different Audiences 29 Schemas: Attitudes as Knowledge Structures 32 From Attitudes to Actions: The Role of Subjective Norms 34 Elaboration Likelihood Model: Two Routes to Persuasion 34 Persuasion as a Learning Process 36 Persuasion as Information Processing 37 Persuasion and Incentives 38 Persuasion by Association 39 Persuasion as Psychological Unbalancing and Rebalancing 40 Summary 41 Questions and Projects for Further Study 42 3. Persuasion Broadly Considered 47 Two Levels of Communication: Content and Relational 49 Impression Management 51 Deception About Persuasive Intent 51 Deceptive Deception 52 Expression Games 54 Persuasion in the Guise of Objectivity 55 Accounting Statements and Cost-Benefit Analyses 55 News Reporting 56 Scientific Reporting 57 History Textbooks 58 Reported Discoveries of Social Problems 59 How Multiple Messages Shape Ideologies 59 The Making of McWorld 63 Summary 66 Questions and Projects for Further Study 68 Part 2: The Coactive Approach 4. Coactive Persuasion 73 Using Receiver-Oriented Approaches 74 Being Situation Sensitive 76 Combining Similarity and Credibility 79 Building on Acceptable Premises 82 Appearing Reasonable and Providing Psychological Income 85 Using Communication Resources 86 Summary 88 Questions and Projects for Further Study 89 5. -
Advertising-And-Publicity-Release.Pdf
Cargill, Incorporated (707560) Cargill Animal Nutrition Business Unit NAME, LIKENESS AND/OR TESTIMONIAL RELEASE FOR ADVERTISEMENT AND/OR PUBLIC RELATIONS PURPOSES I, , residing at hereby grant to Cargill, Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries, agents, representatives, dealers, successors, assigns and licensees (collectively, “Cargill”) the permission to use my name, likeness, photograph or testimonial, or that of my minor child, as more specifically described in Exhibit A attached hereto, for any legitimate business purpose in Cargill’s sole discretion, including without limitation such purposes as marketing, advertising or general publicity, whether in tangible form or as a component of Cargill’s website. The grant includes the assignment of any rights, including copyrights, I may have in the same and includes the right to make alterations without restriction as long as such alteration does not materially change the photograph, likeness, and/or testimonial I have provided. I warrant and represent that the provisions of this Release are not in conflict with and do not violate any commitment, agreement, obligation or understanding that I now have or will in the future have with any other person or entity. I hereby release and discharge Cargill for any claims, losses, damages or liabilities incurred by me to the extent arising from Cargill’s use of the photograph, likeness, and/or testimonial within the scope of my consent set forth herein. This Release shall be governed by and construed in accordance with Minnesota law, without respect to its conflict of laws principles, and any disputes hereunder shall be brought in the state or federal courts in Hennepin County, Minnesota. -
Fake News Is a Topic That We All Know Well, and That Continues to Play a Prominent Role in the Social Harms Besieging the Globe Today
MUSHROOMING LIKE CORONAVIRUS? TACKLING THE MENACE OF FAKE NEWS BY WAY OF AN EPISTEMIC, LEGAL & REGULATORY DISCOURSE AAYUSH1 Fake news is a topic that we all know well, and that continues to play a prominent role in the social harms besieging the globe today. From the recent storming of the Capitol Hill in the United States to the siege of Red fort over Farm-laws in India, online disinformation via social media platforms was the main driving force catapulting the protestors far and wide. In the backdrop of such social harms, this Research Article examines the epistemic, legal and regulatory discourse surrounding the disinformation bubble in India and asks for the deployment of ‘Lessing’s Decentred Regulatory Model’ — the potential Framework solution to regulate social media platforms in order to curb the menace of ‘fake news’. KEY-WORDS: FAKE NEWS, EPISTEMOLOGY, FOUCAULT, CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, INFORMATION REGULATION, SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS, REGULATORY HARBOUR MODEL TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 II. FAKE NEWS – CONCEPT & EPISTEMIC FEATURES ....................................... 3 III. WHY REGULATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IS NECESSARY? ……………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………....................6 A. EXPLOITATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DRIVES ............................................... 6 B. PROMOTION OF NEO-LIBERAL LOGICS OF CONTROL ...................................... 7 C. MITIGATION OF OBJECTIVE TRUTH ............................................................ 9 D. COLLAPSE OF TRADITIONAL NARRATIVES, INSTITUTIONS & FALL OF DEMOCRACY 11 1 Aayush is a Law Graduate (2020) of Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA. The views of the author in this article are personal and do not constitute legal / professional advice. For any further queries or follow up, please contact him at [email protected]. 1 IV. LEGAL REMEDIES: REGULATION OF FAKE NEWS ......................................... 13 A. -
Influence of Social Proof Bias on the Investment Decision Making Process – an Investors Perception
AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808 Influence of Social Proof Bias on the Investment Decision Making Process – An Investors Perception Dr. Mahesha. V* & Dr. Sukanya. R** Abstract Making decisions in our daily life is complicated and making investment decisions is all the more complicated. The traditional theories of finance stated that the investors are very rational in making their investment decisions. However, this is far from reality. A new paradigm of finance has developed, known as the Behavioral Finance Theory which clearly states that it is not only the social and economic factors which affect the investors decision making process, whereas there are several behavioural factors which may influence the investment decisions made by individual investors. However, many investors are unaware of the fact that behavioural factors affect investment decisions. Many of the behavioural biases like anchoring bias, social proof bias, cognitive dissonance bias, mental accounting bias, endowment bias, choice paralysis bias etc. Among the various behavioural biases influencing the investment decisions of the investor’s, social proof bias is also a predominant one. Social proof bias is the tendency of investors to follow the opinion, advice of others predominantly in making investment decisions. It is also called as the herd mentality. People have a tendency to follow the crowd in making investment decisions. The research study aims to investigate the influence of social proof bias by considering gender as the basis for the study. The study is relevant as there is a need to identify if social proof bias influences the investors in the true sense and if it has an influence there is a need to find out ways of getting rid of the bias to avoid mistakes committed in making investment decisions. -
Social Influence: Obedience & Compliance Classic Studies
Social Influence: Obedience & Compliance Psy 240; Fall 2006 Purdue University Dr. Kipling Williams Classic Studies • Milgram’s obedience experiments Psy 240: Williams 2 1 What Breeds Obedience? • Escalating Commitment • Emotional distance of the victim • Closeness and legitimacy of the authority • Institutional authority • The liberating effects of group influence © Stanley Milgram, 1965, From the film Obedience, distributed by the Pennsylvania State University Psy 240: Williams 3 Reflections on the Classic Studies • Behavior and attitudes • The power of the situation • The fundamental attribution error Psy 240: Williams 4 2 Social Impact Theory Latané, 1980 Multiplication Division Psy 240: Williams 5 SocialSocial InfluenceInfluence Have I got a deal for you… 3 Defining Social Influence • People affecting other people. • Conformity: Do what others are doing (without the others trying to get you to do it!) • Social inhibition: Stopping doing something you’d normally do because others are present. • Compliance: Getting you to do something you wouldn’t have done otherwise • Obedience: Ordering others to behave in ways they might not ordinarily do • Excellent book and reference: – Cialdini, R. (1996). Influence (4th edition). HarperCollins College Publishers. Psy 240: Williams 7 Weapons of influence Useful metaphors… • Click, Whirr… – these weapons work best on us when we are on “auto-pilot” - not processing the message carefully. • Jujitsu – Compliance professionals get you to do their work for them…they provide the leverage, you do the work Psy 240: Williams 8 4 Six weapons of influence • Reciprocity • Commitment and consistency • Social proof • Liking • Authority • Scarcity Psy 240: Williams 9 Weapon #1: Reciprocity Free hot dogs and balloons for the little ones! • The not-so-free sample • Reciprocal concessions (“door-in-the-face”) large request first (to which everyone would say “no”) followed by the target request. -
Teaching About Propaganda
R. Hobbs & S. McGee, Journal of Media Literacy Education 6(2), 56 - 67 Available online at www.jmle.org The National Association for Media Literacy Education’s Journal of Media Literacy Education 6(2), 56 - 67 Teaching about Propaganda: An Examination of the Historical Roots of Media Literacy Renee Hobbs and Sandra McGee Harrington School of Communication and Media, University of Rhode Island Abstract Contemporary propaganda is ubiquitous in our culture today as public relations and marketing efforts have become core dimensions of the contemporary communication system, affecting all forms of personal, social and public expression. To examine the origins of teaching and learning about propaganda, we examine some instructional materials produced in the 1930s by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA), which popularized an early form of media literacy that promoted critical analysis in responding to propaganda in mass communication, including in radio, film and newspapers. They developed study guides and distributed them widely, popularizing concepts from classical rhetoric and expressing them in an easy-to-remember way. In this paper, we compare the popular list of seven propaganda techniques (with terms like “glittering generalities” and “bandwagon”) to a less well-known list, the ABC’s of Propaganda Analysis. While the seven propaganda techniques, rooted in ancient rhetoric, have endured as the dominant approach to explore persuasion and propaganda in secondary English education, the ABC’s of Propaganda Analysis, with its focus on the practice of personal reflection and life history analysis, anticipates some of the core concepts and instructional practices of media literacy in the 21st century. Following from this insight, we see evidence of the value of social reflection practices for exploring propaganda in the context of formal and informal learning. -
Propaganda and Marketing: a Review Dr
© 2019 JETIR July 2019, Volume 6, Issue 7 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Propaganda and Marketing: A review Dr. Smita Harwani Sr. Assistant Professor Department of management studies New Horizon College of Engineering. ABSTRACT Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large number of people. It has been observed that Propaganda and advertising sometimes go hand in hand. This paper focuses on analyzing Propaganda in advertising with special emphasis on Adolf Hitler’s propaganda techniques. To create history, knowing history is awfully important. Hitler was well known for his dictatorship apart from that he was exceptional at influencing people, influence is what happens more in modern day marketing, isn’t it? Hitler influenced people through technical devices like radio and the loud speaker and around eighty million people were deprived of independent thought in those days due to his propaganda techniques. It can only be imagined what he would have done at present if he had access to all modern means of communication. Since Hitler’s work has been carried out in those fields of applied psychology and neurology which are the special province of the propagandist the indoctrinator and brain washer. Today the art of mind control is in process of becoming a science. To be a leader means to be able to move the masses and this is what today’s advertisement methods aim to do. Hitler’s aim was first to move masses and then, having pried them loose from their traditional thoughts and behavior. To be successful a propagandist must learn how to manipulate these instincts and emotions. -
Testimonial Letter Sample for Business
Testimonial Letter Sample For Business Existing Valdemar reprints that lace posing distinctively and route ravishingly. Is Tobe requited or mat after epistolatory Mick backgrounds so forevermore? Connolly is geognostical and randomizes inactively while congeneric Armstrong blue and kep. Gather all for letter business program? How many data points, statistics, case studies and testimonials are there? Would you recommend the disciple to others If so draft An aisle to use testimonial template When first've written your answers put the. Vice President of Time Watches am often to recommend the marketing services of Michaela Brown. We'll enforce some testimonial request email template later produce the. 10 Features of Standout Reference Letters and What Makes Them So Special walnut from a personal perspective Use a authority letter format. Since gray left, the standards have slipped and it by clear to see our much was the success of the restore was taking account of Joe. Writing a Short Recommendation Letter construction Sample. Gratitude and business recommendation has he excelled will letter knows buying a business letter sample testimonial for! How to deceive a Testimonial With Examples Indeedcom. If you are sample testimonial letter samples that? Write my Own Reference Letter Samples of Reference and. If you need a testimonial letter samples for a sample testimonial letter is one letter? If appropriate case after consulting the student, you my wish to subside a family illness, financial hardship, or other factor. How to use your design skills as the basis for a profitable enterprise you can run from the comfort of your home. How i Ask via a Reference Letter Part II The Template. -
The Impact of Social Proof on Participant Response Bias
“You Can Always Do Better!” The Impact of Social Proof on Participant Response Bias Aditya Vashistha† Fabian Okeke§ Richard Anderson† Nicola Dell§ †University of Washington §The Jacobs Institute, Cornell Tech {adityav,anderson}@cs.washington.edu {fno2,nixdell}@cornell.edu ABSTRACT culture, language, education, and technical expertise. Unfor- Evaluations of technological artifacts in HCI4D contexts are tunately, these differences have been shown to substantially known to suffer from high levels of participant response bias— impact researchers’ efforts to evaluate their new designs or where participants only provide positive feedback that they interventions. In particular, usability studies and field evalua- think will please the researcher. This paper describes a practi- tions frequently suffer from high levels of participant response cal, low-cost intervention that uses the concept of social proof bias [15], defined as the extent to which participants provide to influence participant response bias and successfully elicit researchers with feedback or results that will please the re- critical feedback from study participants. We subtly exposed searchers or help to achieve the research goals [22, 46]. As participants to feedback that they perceived to be provided by a result, many researchers have found it challenging to ob- people ‘like them’, and experimentally controlled the tone and tain critical or negative feedback from participants that could content of the feedback to provide either positive, negative, or help them to improve their designs or interventions [2, 26]. no social proof. We then measured how participants’ quanti- Although participant response bias is present in all studies tative and qualitative evaluations of an HCI artifact changed with human participants, its effects have been shown to be based on the feedback to which they were exposed. -
Propaganda As Communication Strategy: Historic and Contemporary Perspective
Academy of Marketing Studies Journal Volume 24, Issue 4, 2020 PROPAGANDA AS COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Mohit Malhan, FPM Scholar, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Dr. Prem Prakash Dewani, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow ABSTRACT In a world entrapped in their own homes during the Covid-19 crisis, digital communication has taken a centre stage in most people’s lives. Where before the pandemic we were facing a barrage of fake news, the digitally entrenched pandemic world has deeply exacerbated the problem. The purpose of choosing this topic is that the topic is new and challenging. In today’s context, individuals are bound to face the propaganda, designed by firms as a communication strategy. The study is exploratory is nature. The study is done using secondary data from published sources. In our study, we try and study a particular type of communication strategy, propaganda, which employs questionable techniques, through a comprehensive literature review. We try and understand the history and use of propaganda and how its research developed from its nascent stages and collaborated with various communications theories. We then take a look at the its contemporary usages and tools employed. It is pertinent to study the impact of propaganda on individual and the society. We explain that how individual/firms/society can use propaganda to build a communication strategy. Further, we theories and elaborate on the need for further research on this widely prevalent form of communication. Keywords: Propaganda, Internet, Communication, Persuasion, Politics, Social Network. INTRODUCTION Propaganda has been in operation in the world for a long time now. -
The Impact of Testimonials on Purchase Intentions in a Mock E-Commerce Web Site Avishag Spillinger1 and Avi Parush2
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research This paper is available online at ISSN 0718–1876 Electronic Version www.jtaer.com VOL 7 / ISSUE 1 / APRIL 2012 / 51-63 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762012000100005 © 2012 Universidad de Talca - Chile The Impact of Testimonials on Purchase Intentions in a Mock E-commerce Web Site Avishag Spillinger1 and Avi Parush2 1 Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Haifa, Israel, [email protected] 2 Carleton University, Department of Psychology, Ottawa, Canada, [email protected] Received 6 April 2010; received in revised form 1 June 2011; accepted 12 July 2011 Abstract Purchasing through virtual market is different from the process that takes place in the traditional market. In this market, things are less tangible and more threatening. Therefore, trust becomes crucial and it is established in a different way. This study examined the effect of testimonials on the level of trust in e-commerce. It also examined the impact of product touch level and price on the effect of testimonials. Two mock e-commerce sites were used, one with testimonials and the other without. The experimental approach simulated a complete shopping process with students whose age was between 21 and 30, on a fully functional website, with subjective and objective behavioral measures. The subjective measures were based on two questions that participants were asked along the experiment. The objective measures consisted of metrics such as navigation patterns in the site, number of products in the shopping cart, and readiness to enter credit card number. The presence of testimonials had a greater impact on users with little internet-based shopping experience, was associated with increased trust, and was more significantly pronounced for price than for product touch level.