When Was the Paris Peace Treaty Signed
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Commemorative Day for the Paris Peace Agreements Sunway Hotel, Phnom Penh – 22Nd October 2014
Commemorative Day for the Paris Peace Agreements Sunway Hotel, Phnom Penh – 22nd October 2014 His Royal Highness Samdech Norodom Sirivudh, Chairman of Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace (CICP), Ambassadors, Distinguished Guests, ladies and gentlemen who work for peace in Cambodia. The Paris Peace Accords were signed on October 23rd 1991 and marked the official end of Cambodia’s civil war. At the first session of the Conference, Cambodia was represented by the four Cambodian Parties. At the second session of the Conference, the Supreme National Council of Cambodia, under the leadership of then President, H.R. Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk, represented Cambodia. The co-Presidents of the Conference were H.E. Mr. Roland Dumas, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the French Republic, and H.E. Mr. Ali Alatas, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Both of these countries are here today, represented by H.E. Mr. Jean-Claude Poimboeuf, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of France to Cambodia and H.E. Mr. Pitono Purnomo, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Indonesia to Cambodia. We are also thankful for the presence of CICP Executive Director, H.E. Ambassador Pou Sothirak, who was present at the peace talks and played an influential role in the post peace accord implementation period. We are honoured that those who created a space for peace then, are now here at our commemorative event. Significantly, 18 governments signed the agreement: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Canada, the Peoples Republic of China, the French Republic, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. -
The UK in the European Union: in Brief
The UK in the European Union: in brief Standard Note: SN/IA/7060 Last updated: 15 December 2014 Author: Vaughne Miller Section International Affairs and Defence Section The European Economic Community (EEC) was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and the UK joined the EEC in 1973. This Note looks at some of the main events of the UK’s membership of the EEC/EC/EU. This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. A suitably qualified professional should be consulted if specific advice or information is required. This information is provided subject to our general terms and conditions which are available online or may be provided on request in hard copy. Authors are available to discuss the content of this briefing with Members and their staff, but not with the general public. Contents Introduction 3 1951– Treaty of Paris 3 1955 – Messina Conference 3 1957 – Treaty of Rome 3 1959 – UK joins European Free Trade Association 3 1961- UK bid to join EEC 3 1967 – French veto of UK EEC membership 3 1969 – Third UK application 3 1973 – UK joins the EEC 4 1975 – UK Referendum on EU membership 4 1977 – First UK Presidency 4 1979 - European Monetary System 4 1981 – EU enlargement 4 1984 – UK Budget Rebate 4 1986 -
World War I Assessment
N a m e ________________________________ D a t e _________________ P e r i o d _________ World War I Assessment Match each definition in the left column with the correct term from the right column. Write the letter of the term in the space provided. ____1. a war where one’s enemy is worn down to the point of collapse by A. League of Nations continuous losses in people, food and war weapons B. Fourteen Points ____2. agreement to stop fighting C. nationalism ____3. deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other D. total war ____4. Payments for war damage E. war of attrition ____5. all people and resources to the war effort and imposing censorship of the press. F. imperialism ____6. agreements or promises to defend and help another country G. alliance ____7. having pride in your country, willing to defend it H. stalemate ____8. trying to build up an empire, by taking control of weaker nations I. reparations ____9. peace plan by President Wilson that called for the League of Nations J. armistice K. militarism L. anti-Semitism ____10. World War I was more destructive than earlier wars because a. the armies were more ruthless. c. modern weapons were more deadly. b. it lasted longer. d. airplanes could drop huge bombs. ____11. Which of the following helped the Allies to achieve the breakthrough they sought in World War I? a. the Russian Revolution c. the waging of total war b. the involvement of the United States d. the battle of Somme ____12. Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over the enemy in trench warfare? a. -
60Th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rome
60 YEARS OF THE ROME TREATY AND ITS ETERNAL LEGACY FOR THE EUROPEAN PROJECT “The Community shall have as its task, by establishing a common market and progressively approximating the economic policies of Member States, to promote throughout the Community a harmonious development of economic activities, a continuous and balanced expansion, an increase in stability, an accelerated raising of the standard of living and closer relations between the States belonging to it.” Article 2, Part 1 titled “Principles” of the Treaty of Rome The Treaty of Rome was signed in the so- called Eternal City of Rome exactly sixty years ago, on 25 March 1957. Together with the Treaty of Paris of 1951, the Rome Treaty is the most important legal basis for the modern-day European Union. This epoch-making document laid down the key foundations of the greatest integration of peoples and nations in European history that made Europe one of the most peaceful, prosperous, stable and advanced regions of the world. The 60th Anniversary of the Rome Treaty is an important opportunity to remind ourselves of the original goals of European integration and the Treaty of Rome Ceremony Source: European Commission achievements the idea of united Europe has brought to our continent over the past six decades. The fundamental legacy of the Rome Treaty needs to serve the EU Member States as a recipe how to resolve the serious crises the EU is facing nowadays and re- unite all Europeans for a common path towards an “ever closer union”. A LESSON OF WAR sixty million human lives and devastated CATASTROPHE AND THE Europe beyond recognition in all aspects. -
Treaty of Paris Imperial Age
Treaty Of Paris Imperial Age Determinable and prepunctual Shayne oxidises: which Aldis is boughten enough? Self-opened Rick faradised nobly. Free-hearted Conroy still centrifuging: lento and wimpish Merle enrols quite compositely but Indianises her planarians uncooperatively. A bastard and the horse is insulate the 19th century BC Louvre Paris. Treaty of Paris Definition Date & Terms HISTORY. Treaty of Paris 173 US Department cannot State Archive. Treaty of Paris created at the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars79 Like. The adjacent of Wuhale from 19 between Italy and Ethiopia contained the. AP US History Exam Period 3 Notes 1754-100 Kaplan. The imperial government which imperialism? The treaty of imperialism in keeping with our citizens were particularly those whom they would seem to? Frayer model of imperialism in constantinople, seen as well, to each group in many layers, sent former spanish. For Churchill nothing could match his handwriting as wartime prime minister he later wrote. Commissioner had been in paris saw as imperialism is a treaty of age for. More construction more boys were becoming involved the senior age of Hmong recruits that. The collapse as an alliance with formerly unknown to have. And row in 16 at what age of 17 Berryman moved from Kentucky to Washington DC. Contracting parties or distinction between paris needed peace. Hmong Timeline Minnesota Historical Society. To the Ohio Country moving journey from the French and British imperial rivalries south. Suffragists in an Imperial Age US Expansion and or Woman. Spain of paris: muslim identity was meant to both faced increasing abuse his right or having. -
The Historical Development of European Integration
FACT SHEETS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION The historical development of European integration PE 618.969 1. The First Treaties.....................................................................................................3 2. Developments up to the Single European Act.........................................................6 3. The Maastricht and Amsterdam Treaties...............................................................10 4. The Treaty of Nice and the Convention on the Future of Europe..........................14 5. The Treaty of Lisbon..............................................................................................18 EN - 18/06/2018 ABOUT THE PUBLICATION This leaflet contains a compilation of Fact Sheets provided by Parliament’s Policy Departments and Economic Governance Support Unit on the relevant policy area. The Fact Sheets are updated regularly and published on the website of the European Parliament: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets ABOUT THE PUBLISHER Author of the publication: European Parliament Department responsible: Unit for Coordination of Editorial and Communication Activities E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in June, 2018 © European Union, 2018 DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice -
Death of an Institution: the End for Western European Union, a Future
DEATH OF AN INSTITUTION The end for Western European Union, a future for European defence? EGMONT PAPER 46 DEATH OF AN INSTITUTION The end for Western European Union, a future for European defence? ALYSON JK BAILES AND GRAHAM MESSERVY-WHITING May 2011 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1785 7 D/2011/4804/136 U 1612 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. -
The Truth About the Vietnam War Bruce Herschensohn
THE TRUTH ABOUT THE VIETNAM WAR BRUCE HERSCHENSOHN Decades back, in late 1972, South Vietnam and the United States were winning the Vietnam War decisively by every conceivable measure. That’s not just my view. That was the view of our enemy, the North Vietnamese government officials. Victory was apparent when President Nixon ordered the U.S. Air Force to bomb industrial and military targets in Hanoi, North Viet Nam’s capital city, and in Haiphong, its major port city, and we would stop the bombing if the North Vietnamese would attend the Paris Peace Talks that they had left earlier. The North Vietnamese did go back to the Paris Peace talks, and we did stop the bombing as promised. On January the 23rd, 1973, President Nixon gave a speech to the nation on primetime television announcing that the Paris Peace Accords had been initialed by the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, the Viet Cong, and the Accords would be signed on the 27th. What the United States and South Vietnam received in those accords was victory. At the White House, it was called “VV Day,” “Victory in Vietnam Day.” The U.S. backed up that victory with a simple pledge within the Paris Peace Accords saying: should the South require any military hardware to defend itself against any North Vietnam aggression we would provide replacement aid to the South on a piece-by-piece, one-to-one replacement, meaning a bullet for a bullet; a helicopter for a helicopter, for all things lost -- replacement. The advance of communist tyranny had been halted by those accords. -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
Vietnam Case Study
Elite Bargains and Political Deals Project: Vietnam Case Study Jeffrey H. Michaels Stabilisation Unit February 2018 This report has been produced by an independent expert. The views contained within do not necessarily reflect UK government policy. Author details The author is a Senior Lecturer, Defence Studies Department, Kings College London. This case study draws on a combination of primary and secondary sources. The primary sources are mainly limited to US Government documents, particularly those dealing with the internal deliberations of the Nixon administration as well as the minutes of meetings at the 1972-1973 Paris peace talks. The secondary sources used include a much wider range, such as general histories of the conflict, as well as more specific diplomatic histories that draw on primary source material from each of the key participants in the conflict (US, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Provisional Revolutionary Government, USSR and China). Background to Elite Bargains and Political Deals Project This case study is one of a series commissioned to support the Stabilisation Unit’s (SU’s) development of an evidence base relating to elite bargains and political deals. The project explores how national and international interventions have and have not been effective in fostering and sustaining political deals and elite bargains; and whether or not these political deals and elite bargains have helped reduce violence, increased local, regional and national stability and contributed to the strengthening of the relevant political settlement. Drawing on the case studies, the SU has developed a series of summary papers that bring together the project’s key findings and will underpin the revision of the existing ‘UK Approach to Stabilisation’ (2014) paper. -
Secret War in Laos - Time of Remembrance Project Elk Grove Unified School District
Slideshow Talking Points - Secret War in Laos - Time of Remembrance Project Elk Grove Unified School District Slide 1 We are often asked: “What are all these Hmong and Mien immigrants doing here in Elk Grove?” But an “immigrant” is someone who choses to leave his/her homeland .A refugee is someone forced to leave his/her homeland because of war, political persecution and/or religious or ethnic intolerance. The Hmong and Mien are refugees of a Secret War in Laos, a little known … chapter of the Vietnam War years. Slide 2 The Geneva Accord of 1962 recognized the neutrality of Laos and forbade the presence of military personnel in the country. Fourteen nations signed the Accord, including the U.S. and North Vietnam. Play clip. Nixon - “There are no American combat forces in Laos. We have been providing logistical support and some training for the neutralist government in order to avoid Laos falling under Communist domination. As far as American manpower in Laos is concerned, there are none there at the present time on a combat basis.” Slide 3 But we were there. In fact, the largest paramilitary operations ever undertaken by the CIA took place in Laos .Much like the Mel Gibson/Robert Downey Jr. movie Air America, the CIA recruited pilots, who upon arriving at the U.S. Embassy in Vientiane, were issued embassy IDs and told to switch out of military attire into civilian clothing. From Vientiane, they headed to remote mountain areas such as the tiny village of Long Cheng (Tieng) and its airstrip, which rapidly became one of the busiest airstrips in the world - but did not exist on any map. -
Trianon and International Law: Arguments of Hungarian Scholars of International Law Against the Treaty of Trianon
Gábor Kardos* TRIANON AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: ARGUMENTS OF HUNGARIAN SCHOLARS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AGAINST THE TREATY OF TRIANON 1 Introduction1 Hungary ended the three world wars of the 20th century on the side of defeat, with extremely severe damage in both the First and Second World Wars and the Cold War.2 In the fi rst two cases, as opposed to the Cold War, as they were real interstate wars, they were concluded by a peace treaty. While the severe damage caused by the real-world wars was the result of military devastation as well as the provisions of the peace treaties, in the case of the Cold War it was caused by the human and economic consequences of Zwangordnung exercised by a Soviet- type system.3 The 100-year-old Treaty of Trianon in 2020, like other documents signed in palaces in the vicinity of Paris, was in fact a continuation of the First World War by other, also brutal, means. The Hungarian legal literature in international law between the two world wars devoted intense attention to potential arguments against the Treaty of Trianon. In connection with the anniversary, * University Professor, LLM. Ph.D. Dr. Habil, Department of International Law ELTE- Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, [email protected]. 1 The author is hereby grateful for the valuable comments of the anonymous reviewers. 2 Interpreting the Cold War as World War III was the author’s idea. However, as this is often the case in social sciences, a quick internet search revealed that it had already come to the minds of others.