E999 VOL. 2
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized
I ri l l el-. -.. Public Disclosure Authorized
NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT
DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES
Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
VOLUME 2: SUMMARY EA
JANUARY 2005 No. 13500117 - R3-Volume 2 Public Disclosure Authorized
<;OGREAH _ . U I N ' PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA NINGBO MUNICIPAL
SO~GREAH GOVERNMENT _ __U LI A N I S I WORLD BANK
NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT [FINAL]
IDENTIFICATION No 1350117.R3.2
DATE :12TH JANUARY2005
This document has been produced by the Consortium SOGREAH Consultants/SCE as part of the FASEP Grant (French Government Grant) to Ningbo Municipal Government (Job Number 1350117) This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with IS09001.
APPROVEDBY INDEX DATE AUTHOR CHECKEDBY (PROJECT PURPOSEOF MODIFICATION MANAGER)
A First Issue 31/10/2004 JCA JCL GMD
B Final Version 12/01/2005 JCA GMD GMD
INDEX DISTRIBUTIONLIST CONTACTAoREss
I NWEP (Ms Xu Xu, Mr Li Zhibo) PMO, Ningbo
2 The World Bank (Mr. Greg gbrowdera-worldbank.orq Browder) Iaurent.martin(Zdree.or, 3 DREE/M E thomas.clochardadree.orq
4 SOGREAH (Head Office, alain.quequena-soareah.fr SOGREAH China) pmovsasoareah.com.cn
5 SCE (Head Office) gilles.warotasce.fr NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PROJECT ...... 1 1.2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT ...... 4 1.3. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT ...... 4
2. PROJECT BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION ...... 5 2.1. THE NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ...... 5 2.1.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY COMPANY ...... 5 2.1.2. REGIONAL CONTEXT FOR WATER SUPPLY ...... 5 2.1.3. NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 6 2.1.4. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 7 2.1.5. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 9 2.1.5.1. RAW WATER INTAKE AND TUNNEL TRANSMISSION ...... 9 2.1.5.2. WATER TREATMENT WORKS ...... 11 2.1.5.3. TRUNK MAINS AND URBAN RING MAIN ...... 13 2.1.6. PLANNING FOR THE PROJECT ...... 14 2.2. THE CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT ...... 14 2.2.1. THE REGIONAL CONTEXT ...... 14 2.2.2. NEED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 14 2.2.3. SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 15 2.2.4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 17 2.2.4.1. SEWAGE COLLECTION NETWORK ...... 17 2.2.4.2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS ...... 17 2.2.5. PLANNING FOR THE PROJECT ...... 20 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION ...... 21 3.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT AREA ...... 21 3.1.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING ...... 21 3.1.1.1. GEOGRAPHY ...... 21 3.1.1.2. CLIMATE ...... 21 3.1.1.3. HYDROLOGY ...... 21 3.1.1.4. WATER QUALITY ...... 24 3.1.1.5. AIR QUALITY ...... 27 3.1.1.6. ACCOUSTIC QUALITY ...... 28 3.1.2. BIOLOGICAL SETTING ...... 28 3.1.2.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY ...... 28 3.1.2.2. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ...... 29 3.1.3. SOCIAL SETTING ...... 30 3.1.3.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY ...... 30 3.1.3.2. WATER SUPPLY AND MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE SITUATION AND PLANNING ...... 31 3.1.3.3. QUALITY OF LIFE ...... 34 3.1.3.4. CULTURAL HERITAGE ...... 34 3.1.3.5. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES ...... 34 3.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT AREA ...... 35 3.2.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING ...... 35
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3.2.1.1. GEOGRAPHY ...... 35 3.2.1.2. CLIMATE ...... 35 3.2.1.3. HYDROLOGY ...... 36 3.2.1.4. OCEAN HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... 39 3.2.1.5. BEACHES CHARACTERISTICS ...... 39 3.2.1.6. WATER QUALITY ...... : 41 3.2.1.7. AIR QUALITY ...... 44 3.2.1.8. ACCOUSTIC QUALITY ...... 44 3.2.1.9. SLUDGE QUALITY ...... 45 3.2.2. BIOLOGICAL SETTING ...... 45 3.2.2.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY ...... 45 3.2.2.2. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ...... 46 3.2.3. SOCIAL SETTING ...... 52 3.2.3.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY ...... 52 3.2.3.2. WATER SUPPLY AND MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE PLANNING ...... 53 3.2.3.3. QUALITY OF LIFE ...... 55 3.2.3.4. CULTURAL HERITAGE ...... 55 3.2.3.5. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES ...... 55 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ...... 57 4.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT COMPONENT ...... 57 4.1.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION ...... 57 4.1.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION ...... 58 4.1.2.1. IMPACT FROM CONSTRUCTION WASTEWATER .58 4.1.2.2. IMPACT FROM WASTE RESIDUES (EXCAVATED SOIL) .58 4.1.2.3. IMPACT FROM WASTE OF CAMP SITES (DOMESTIC SEWAGE, DOMESTIC REFUSE) . 59 4.1.2.4. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY .59 4.1.2.5. IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL .60 4.1.2.6. IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT .61 4.1.2.7. IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER .62 4.1.2.8. IMPACT ON PEOPLE'S HEALTH ...... 62 4.1.3. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION ...... 63 4.1.3.1. REGIONAL WATER RESSOURCES ALLOCATION ...... 63 4.1.3.2. JIAOKOU RESERVOIR SOURCE WATER PROTECTION MEASURE ...... 64 4.1.3.3. IMPACT ON RESSOURCES MANAGEMENT ...... 65 4.1.3.4. IMPACT ON DOWNSTREAM RIVER HYDROLOGICAL REGIME ...... 71 4.1.3.5. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY INTHE LOWER REACHES ...... 73 4.1.3.6. IMPACT OF SLUDGE DISCHARGE FROM WATER TREATMENT WORK ...... 73 4.1.3.7. IMPACT OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS ...... 74 4.1.3.8. IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL ...... 75 4.1.3.9. IMPACT OF GENERATED WASTEWATER INTHE WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 75 4.1.3.10. IMPACT ON TASHAN WEIR ...... 75 4.1.3.11. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHLORINE LEAKAGE ...... 76 4.1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ZHOUGONGZHAI RESERVOIR PROJECT ...... 77 4.1.4.1. NATURE OF ZHOUGONGZHAI RESERVOIR ...... 77 4.1.4.2. SITUATION OF SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND ...... 78 4.1.4.3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AFTER COMPLETION OF RESERVOIR ...... 79 4.1.4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURE ...... 80 4.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT COMPONENT ...... 85 4.2.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION ...... 85 4.2.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION ...... 87
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4.2.2.1. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 87 4.2.2.2. IMPACT FROM SOLID WASTE ...... 87 4.2.2.3. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY ...... 89 4.2.2.4. IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL ...... 89 4.2.2.5. IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 90 4.2.3. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION ...... 91 4.2.3.1. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 91 4.2.3.1. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY .98 4.2.3.2. IMPACT ON ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT .102 4.2.3.3. IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE (SLUDGE) .104 4.2.3.4. IMPACT ON WETLANDS .106 4.2.3.5. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION .107
5. ALTERNATIVES ...... 109 5.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ...... 109 5.1.1. WATER SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES ...... 109 5.1.2. WATER INTAKES ALTERNATIVES ...... 110 5.1.3. RAW WATER TRANSMISSION ROUTE ALTERNATIVES ...... 111 5.1.4. WATER TREATMENT WORK LOCATION ALTERNATIVES ...... 111 5.1.5. TREATED WATER TRUNK MAIN ROUTES ALTERNATIVES ...... 112 5.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT COMPONENT ...... 114 5.2.1. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS LOCATION ALTERNATIVES ...... 114 5.2.2. SEWAGE PIPELINE SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES ...... 115...... 115 5.2.3. SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS ALTERNATIVES ...... 117 5.2.4. WWTP EFFLUENT OUTLETS ALTERNATIVES ...... 117 5.2.5. SLUDGE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES ...... 119 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 120 6.1. OBJECTIVES OF EMP ...... 120 6.2. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS ...... 120 6.2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR ...... 120 6.3. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 121 6.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES ...... 122 6.3.2. TRAINING PLAN ...... 124 6.3.3. ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ...... 124 6.4. MONITORING ...... 124 6.4.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (COMPLIANCE MONITORING) ...... 124 6.4.2. WATER QUALITY MONITORING (IMPACT MONITORING) ...... 124 6.4.3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE MONITORING (IMPACT MONITORING) ...... 125 6.4.4. SEWAGE SLUDGE MONITORING ...... 125 6.5. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP ...... 126
7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 128 7.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ...... 128 7.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT ...... 130
8. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 134
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TABLES
TABLE 1: NEAR- AND LONG-TERM (2005-2010) SUPPLY AND DEMAND BALANCE PLAN ...... 6 TABLE 2: COMPOSITION OF NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ...... 7 TABLE 3: COMPOSITION OF CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT...... 15 TABLE 4: POLLUTANT COMPOSITION AND STANDARDS OF CIXI WASTEWATER TREATMENT ...... 19 TABLE 5: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS VALUES OF ZHOUGONGZHAI RESERVOIR AND JIAOKOU RESERVOIR ...... 24 TABLE 6: POLLUTION SOURCES INTHE DOWNSTREAMIN RIVER OF JIAOKOU RESERVOIR ...... 25 TABLE 7: BASIC SITUATIONS OF WATER SUPPLY CAPACITY ...... 31 TABLE 8: PLANNED WATER SUPPLY CAPACITY INNINGBO ...... 32 TABLE 9: PLANNED WASTEWATER TREATMENT CAPCITY INNINGBO IN2020 ...... 33 TABLE 10: ESTIMATED EXISTING WATER STORAGE VOLUME OF THE CANALS INCIXI CITY ...... 37 TABLE 11: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION FOR THE CANALS NETWORK OF CIXI ...... 41 TABLE 12: STATISTICS OF WATER QUALITY OF MAJOR DRINKING WATER SOURCES INCIXI IN2002 ...... 43 TABLE 13: MARINE FUNCTION ZONING OF THE NEARSHORE AREAS INHANGZHOU BAY INCIXI ...... 48 TABLE 14: EXPECTED QUANTITIES OF GENERATED AND TREATED SEWAGE INCIxI CITY (M3/D) ...... 54 TABLE 15: RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF RESERVOIRS ...... 67 TABLE 16: CLASSIFIED INFLOWS TO JIAOKOU RESERVOIR ...... 67 TABLE 17: HYDROGRAPHS FOR JIAOKOU INFLOWS ...... 68 TABLE 18: WATER BALANCE RESULTS OF Y INXPLAII N RIVERNETWORK ...... 70 TABLE 19: FORECASTED INFLUENCE OF THE PROJECT ON THE DOWNSTREAM FLOW OF JIAOKOU RESERVOIR ...... 71 TABLE 20: RELOCATION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS ...... 87 TABLE 21: QUANTITY OF EXCAVATED SPOIL INTHIS PROJECT ...... 88 TABLE 22: PROSPECTS OF REUSE OF EXCAVATED SPOIL FROM DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF PIPELINE ...... 88 TABLE 23: ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LOSSES ...... 91 TABLE 24: EXPECTED QUALITY OF INFLOW AND EFFLUENT OF TREATMENT PLANTS (MGIL) ...... 92 TABLE 25: PLANNED QUANTITIES AND TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS AND NUTRIENTS RELEASED INCIXI'S CANALS NETWORK ...... 93 TABLE 26: ODOROUS EMISSION FROM WWTP ...... 99 TABLE 27: ESTIMATED ODOROUS EMISSION FOR PUMP STATION...... 101 TABLE 28: MAIN NOISE SOURCES INWWTP ...... 102 TABLE 29: WWTP IMPACT ON ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT...... 102 TABLE 30: ESTIMATED RESULTS OF NOISE ATTENUATION FOR PUMP STATIONS ...... 103 TABLE 31: NOISE LEVEL FOR PUMP STATIONS AT MONITORING POINTS ...... 104 TABLE 32: WWTP SLUDGE DISPOSAL CAPACITY ...... 105 TABLE 33: WATER TREATMENT AND SUPPLY OPTIONS ...... 109 TABLE 34: ALTERNATIVES OPTIONS FOR RAW WATER INTAKE ...... 110 TABLE 35: ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR RAW WATER TRANSMISSION ...... 111 TABLE 36: ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR WW ...... 112 TABLE 37: OPTIONS FOR EXACT SITE OF WTW ...... 113 TABLE 38: ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR EASTERN WWTP ...... 115 TABLE 39: OPTIONS FOR CENTRAL AND WEST TRUNK SEWER SCHEMES ...... 116 TABLE 40: OPTIONS FOR EASTERNTRUNK SEWER SCHEME ...... 116 TABLE 41: COMPARISON OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES ...... 117 TABLE 42:AALTERNATIV42METHODSLFORALTERNATIVEPOSALMETHODS...... FOR...... SLUDGE...... DISPOSAL...... 119...... 111 TABLE 43: SUMMARY TABLE FOR EMP COSTS ...... 127 TABLE 44: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT ...... 130 TABLE 45: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE WASTEWATER COMPONENT ...... 133 TABLE 46: SUMMARY TABLE OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 134 TABLE 47: SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ...... 135 TABLE 48: SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT ...... 139
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FIGURES
FIGURE 1: LOCATI OF ONPROJECT THE COMPONENTS ...... 3 FIGURE 2: NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT LOCATION ...... 8 FIGURE 3: WASTE DUMPS LOCATION FOR THE NWSP ...... 10 FIGURE 4: LOCATION OF MAOJIAPING WATER TREATMENT WORKS ...... 11 FIGURE 5: WATER TREATMENT WORKS FLOW CHART ...... 12 FIGURE 6: CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT LOCATION ...... 16 FIGURE 7: NORTHERN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT LOCATION (CWP) ...... 18 FIGURE 8: EASTERN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT LOCATION (CWP) ...... 18 FIGURE 9: WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM PROCESS CHART (CWP) ...... 19 FIGURE 10: SLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEM PROCESS CHART (CWP) ...... 19 FIGURE 11: RIV NERS AND LOCATIONRESERVOIRS INTHE NWSP AREA ...... 22 FIGURE 12: WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS INTHE NWSP AREA (EAST PART) ...... 26 FIGURE 13: WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS INTHE NWSP AREA (WEST PART) ...... 27 FIGURE 14: WATER SUPPLY AND MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE SITUATION INNINGBO (NWSP) ...... 33 FIGURE 15: RIVERS AND RESERVOIRS INTHE CWP AREA ...... 38 FIGURE 16: EVOLUTION OF THE COASTAL LIMIT INTHE CIXI PROJECT AREA ...... 40 FIGURE 17: WATER QUALITY INTHE CWP AREA ...... 42 FIGURE 18: WETLANDS INTHE CWP AREA ...... 51 FIGURE 19: SIMULATED CONCENTRATION LEVELS INCANAL NETWORK INCIXI CITY ...... 95 FIGURE 20: IMPACT OF CWTP ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 97 FIGURE 21: IMPACT OF THE NORTHERN WWTP ON AIR QUALITY (CWP) ...... 100 FIGURE 22: IMPACT OF THE EASTERN WWTP ON AIR QUALITY (CWP) ...... 100 FIGURE 23: SIMULATED CONCENTRATION LEVELS INCANAL NETWORK INCIXI CITY FOR ALTERNATIVES ...... 118 FIGURE 24: PROPOSED ORGANIATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP ...... 122 FIGURE 25: COMMUNICATION, REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART ...... 123
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ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMES AND UNITS
BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days) BNEPC Beijing Novel Environmental Protection Co. Ltd. COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CRAES Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences CSE Construction Supervision Engineer CSEA Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser CSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management Plan CWP Cixi Wastewater Project EA Environmental Assessment EFI Environmental Field Inspector EMD Environmental Management Division EMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (of SEPA) ESU Environmental Supervision unit IEMU Independent Environmental Monitoring Unit NCP Nuisance Control Plan NEPSDRI Ningbo Env. Protection Science Design and Research Institute NWECP Ningbo Water Environnement Construction Project NWSP Ningbo Water Supply Project PMO Project Management Office POIU Project Owner Implementation Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRC People's Republic of China SE Supervision Engineer SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SRS Standard Site Inspection Review Sheet SS Suspended Solids TA Technical Assistance WB World Bank WTW Water Treatment Works WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant ZEMI Zheijiang Environmental Modelling Institute
CURRENCIES RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar
Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8.3 RMB
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SOGREAH Consultants/SCE hereby acknowledges the local consultants for performing the EA studies for both components. * The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences has performed the EA study for Ningbo Water Supply Project. * The Beijing Novel Environmental Protection Co. Ltd. has performed the EA study for Cixi Wastewater Project.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background Ningbo City is located in the central section of the Chinese coastal mainland on the banks of the East China Sea in northeast Zhejiang Province. Ningbo City is experiencing rapid economic growth, increase in its urban population and requires acceleration in its urbanization. Urban infrastructure, especially the water supply network, is lagging behind demand. Added to this is the aging and increased fragility of the existing water networks. If water supply is not strengthened, the problems of insufficient water supply in Ningbo City will increase such that quality of life and economic development will be seriously compromised.
Cixi City lies northwest to Ningbo City and at the south bank of Hangzhou Bay. According to the Master Planning of Cixi City, the population and industrial output will have increased rapidly by 2020. Simultaneously, sewage and industrial wastewater will have increased and will be discharged untreated into the river and canal system. Serious pollution (class V and worse) of both the inland canal system and of the southern area of Hangzhou bay will result. Ningbo Municipal Government has resolved to utilize the World Bank loan program to complete 'Ningbo Water Environment Construction Project". The planned project aims at improving citizens' water supply and industrial water utilization environment, complete urban infrastructure, improve urban residents' quality of life and meet the demand of rapid urban economic development by increasing clean water and wastewater treatment and improving the quality on inland waters. This project has been listed in the planned optional projects of World Bank loan in 2004-2006 financial years and approved by the State Council.
Brief Proiect Description The project objective is to facilitate the expansion of water and wastewater services in the Ningbo metropolitan area and thereby protect public health, improve the environment, and sustain the area's rapid economic growth. The proposed project has two main components: Ningbo Water Supply Project will be implemented by the Ningbo Water Supply Company (NWSC), Cixi Wastewater Project will be implemented by the newly formed Cixi Municipal Sewage Company (CMSC). The details of these components are presented in the following Table I. The preliminary project cost is 2,547 million RMB (US$307 million), with World Bank financing of approximately 1,359 million RMB (US$164 million). The project cost includes 1,426 million RMB for NWSP, 1,079.6 million RMB for CWP and 41.8 million RMB for Technical Assistance. Project duration is estimated at five years, starting in mid-2005, although as noted below some work will begin in late 2004 (with the potential for retroactive financing).
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TABLE 1:COMPOSITION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS
Project name Components Contents of the project Remarks Raw water A 500,Om 3d capacity water intake tower Water flows by gravity intake and is provided in Jiaokou reservoir. 9.58km water wors to transmission long tunnel connects to Maojiaping water urbanwring mainsand Ningbo City tunnel treatment works villages and towns in Zhougongzhai A 500,000m3/d capacity water treatment Yinxi region. and Jioakou Water works is built in Maojiaping. The WTW Reservoir Water treatment occupies a land of 140.3mu (9.35ha) Diversion and works including 20mu reserved for advanced Spur water mains to Urban Water treatment. villages and towns in Network Project Two transmission mains totalling 36.9km planned under a Trunk mains length outgoing clean water from separae contract and urban Maojiaping WTW to main water distribution Total supply ring main pipe network. Urban water ring main has a 150,OOOm3id. total length of 46.7km. 3 Northern A I 00,00m /d wastewater treatment plant The eastern WWTP WWvTP is provided in the northern part of Cixi city. will increase to 100,000m3/d in 2020, Eastern A 50,000m3/d wastewater treatment plant the northern WVvTP Cixi city Urban vXWVTP is provided in the eastern part of Cixi city. will increase to Wastewater A sewage collection network is provided d n320,OOOm3/dand incurrent 2020, Treatment Phase part of downtown and every central district Jiaochangshan I Project Sewage of town. It includes the main trunk sewers WWTP increase to collection (93.13km), the sewage pump stations of 45,000m3/d in 2010. network the main trunk (15 sets), the key pipelines This part of work is in towns (133km) and the town sewage not included in this pump stations (42 sets). project.
Alternative options for a number of project components have been studied during the design period and throughout this EA. These have included the raw water intake, raw water distribution routes, WTW locations, treated water trunk main routes for NWSP. Similarly for CWP, options for WWTP locations, sewage pipeline system routes, sewage treatment processes, WWTP effluent outlets and sludge treatments have also been studied.
Baseline Environmental Description Baseline situations are described in detail for each project area presenting all the main considerations related to this project: geography, climate, rivers, reservoirs, canals network, ocean, natural wetlands, air quality, acoustic quality, terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, social settings, land use, etc. When needed, monitoring and baseline survey were performed to collect more detailed data on water quality, air quality, acoustic quality, etc. In Ningbo, the designed water supply capacity of water works can no longer meet the need of water consumption; the overloaded operation of water works has affected water supply security and quality and increased the difficulty of management and supply. According to Ningbo city master plan and in order to respond to the increasing water demand in the city, the water supply capacity of Ningbo should increase to 2,000,OOm3/d by 2006, 2,600,000m3/d by 2010 and 3,000,000m3/d by 2020. These objectives will be reached by implementing this project and several similar projects, such as Dongqian lake waterworks, Beilun water works phase 2, etc.
SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGEIl JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
In Cixi city, the majority of domestic and industrial sewage is discharged untreated directly into the rivers and canal network causing serious pollution. By 2000, three municipal sewage systems and one WWTP (with a 45,000m3/d capacity) have been built and operated successfully. In addition a canal improvement scheme and a river diversion program are being implemented in order to increase the canal water storage, enhance the water mobility and improve the water quality. The implementation of this project should respond to the increase of sewage production and after the competion of the Phase 2 work in 2020 the treatment ratio should approach 100%.
Potential Environmental Impacts and their Mitigation Measures The project as a whole is substantially beneficial in environmental terms, with the positive impacts greatly outweighting the negative impacts. This project brings general benefits to the citizens of the project cities by improving their quality of life. The main benefits are the increase of water supply quantity and quality in Ningbo and the enhancement of water quality in Cixi canals network. Nevertheless some negative impacts have been identified in the EA process for all components, and mitigation measures have been recommended. With respect to identified land acquisition and social impacts, resettlement and compensation plans have been prepared and are covered in separate Resettlement Action Plans for Ningbo Water Supply Project and for Cixi Wastewater Project. However, major impacts due to projects location have been taken into account in the EA. Potential construction phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. These construction impacts have been studied in order to cover all the subjects involved in the two projects (see Table 47 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and Table 48 for Cixi Wastewater Project). The key environmental issues are: * Impacts from earthwork and sDoil production, handling and disposal: During construction works, a large quantity of earthwork will be produced (mainly for the transmission tunnel of the Ningbo Water Supply Project and the sewage pipeline system of the Cixi Wastewater Project). The impacts are considered minor because the majority will be reused for backfill or used for urban construction in the city and the remaining spoil will be disposed in sites specifically design for the project. A detailed construction program, including phasing, proposal for transport route and description of proposed disposal sites, will be required from the concerned contractors prior to start the works. * Impacts on noise level from construction machineries: During construction works, noise from heavy machineries will be emitted and could affect the nearby environment, particularly in urban areas (mainly construction of treated water trunk mains and urban ring main of the Ningbo Water Supply Project and construction of sewage pipelines and pump stations of the Cixi Wastewater Project). The analysis of these impacts shows that they could be reduced by strengthening management of the works and following specific requirements such as: working period, low-noise equipments, temporary fences, etc. * Impacts on water qualitv from construction wastewater and domestic sewage: During construction period, construction wastewater and domestic sewage generated by the construction staff are the main pollution sources for the water bodies (reservoirs, rivers). The risk applies to all construction sites, but is obviously more significant in the water intake site due to the vicinity of Jiaokou reservoir and in the pipelines construction when it crosses a river. To reduce or avoid the impacts on water quality, construction wastewater will be reused as much as possible on site, and effluents will be discharged after treatment only when the standards are respected. Monitoring will be performed on effluents and rivers (upstream and downstream construction sites) to confirm the absence of impact. Specifically for Jiaokou reservoir, watstewater generated during construction of the water intake will be recovered and not discharged into the reservoir.
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Potential operational phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. Many of the concerns have been addressed in the course of the design of the water supply and wastewater components. These operational impacts have been studied in order to cover all the subjects involved in the two projects (see Table 47 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and Table 48 for Cixi Wastewater Project). The key environmental issues are: * Impacts on downstream river of Jiaokou reservoir due to diversion of water (quality and quantity): Due to the diversion of 500,OOOm 3/d from Jiaokou reservoir, a water balance is calculated using 40 years hydraulic data with a conservative projected water demand of 2020 (including agricultural irrigation water, water for livestock husbandry, other water needs and supplementary flow to canal system). The analysis shows that, with joint regulation of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs, water demand for downstream Jiaokou reservoir can be guaranteed. In addition, a minimum release flow could be defined (0.9m3/s, i.e. 10% of average inflow to Jiaokou reservoir) in order to satisfy the ecological and environmental water demand of downstream river without causing significant impact (given the fact that there is no rare aquatic species, migratory fish, spawning site and fishery resources of economic scale). The analysis at this stage is appropriate, however, as environmental flow assessment is a complex issue and a comprehensive study is needed (which will optimize the operation of Jiaokou reservoir), a further study could be conducted during implementation stage of the project. * Impacts on water auality of Jiaokou reservoir (and Zhouqonqzhai reservoir) and dowstream river: The fact that Jiaokou reservoir will, after the project construction, be mostly dedicated to the water supply of Ningbo City makes it necessary to improve the protection of Jiaokou watershed. In this aim, Ningbo City Water Environmental Control Leading Group has compiled the "Countermeasure Study for Ningbo City Water Environmental Control", which proposes the definite protection measures for drinking water head site in Ningbo city. Since the beginning of 2004, the city has invested a special fund to implement protection project for the water head site of the four major drinking water source reservoirs including Jiaokou reservoir. The protection measures for drinking water of Ningbo City include monitoring network, solid waste disposal, wastewater treatment, tailored aqua-cultural development, soil erosion control and resettlement. * Imoacts on water quality in Cixi's canals network and marine environment: According to modelling performed for various scenarios, the water quality of the whole canals network will be improved both long-term and short-term. However, a moderate deterioration of water quality will be caused near the discharge points of the two WvvTPs but this consequence is considered acceptable. To optimize the final design, modelling analyse different discharge point options and recommend a multi-point discharge option for the Northern WWTP and an unique discharge point between two sluice gates for the Eastern WWTP (further study will confirm that point). A standardized management of discharge points should be carried out according to the requirements of routine supervision and management to facilitate sampling measuring and monitoring. For impact on marine environment, modelling was performed for conservative scenarios and concluded that the mixing zone during discharge time is kept within 2km offshore which is in compliance with national ocean function zoning requirement. The maximum size of areas that are affected by the discharge will be at the mean high moment of a neap tide, 3,61 km2 for the Northern WWTP and 0,56km2 for the Eastern WWTP, but for comparison, at mean neap tide level, the size of the areas decrease to 3,85m2 for Northern WWTP and 0,46m2 for Eastern WWTP. Actually, the opening of sluice gates are normally opened during flood season in a non-continuous way and the affected areas will be less. * Impacts on Cixi's natural wetlands: Preliminary prediction results of the seawater quality indicate that the affected areas are relatively small compared with the vast sea areas. Moreover, the sluice gates are not close to the center of the natural wetland and the nearby sea areas are not used for aquaculture production. Therefore, the biodiversity of the wetlands will not be affected.
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* Impacts on noise levels (around WTW, WWTPs and Pump stations): Main noise sources are sewage lift pumps, air compressors and sewage pumps. The two Cixi's WWTPs will not have substantial impacts on the surrounding acoustic environment. With the noise insulation effect of pump station building, noise level at pumping station boundary can satisfy the corresponding noise standard, particularly in town area (west 1#, central 1#, central 2# and east 1# pump stations). Noise from heavy machinery in the Maojiaping WTW will have negligible impact because there is no residential area around it. * Impacts on air quality from Cixi's WWTPs emissions (odours): Odorous pollutants will be produced in WWTPs by the biological treatment tank and sludge tank. The air concentrations modelized at plant boundaries and sensitive points meet the standard requirement. * Impacts of sludae Produced by WVWTPs: Sludge produced in the Eastern and Northern WWTPs will be treated using mechanical condensation and dehydration methods. Still, a total of 50,000m3 of sludge (with 78% water content) will be generated and disposed in landfill specially designed (with leachate treatment). * Impacts on existinq and planned wastewater treatment capacity in Ninqbo: After completion of the project, generated wastewater after water utilization in Ningbo city will increase because of the increase of the water supply. But according to planning, wastewater treatment plants are planned for construction and the wastewater treatment capacity will be sufficient (reaching 100% in 2020). An ongoing World Bank project in this province, called Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, also seems to upgrade the environmental conditions by improvement of Wastewater Treatment Plants and sewerage systems in Ningbo area. New wastewater treatment plants are planned as follows: Zhenhai Houtaitang WVvTP (30,00Om 3/d), Ningbo Jiangdongnan WVVTP (160,000m3/d) and Dongqian lake WWTP (30,000m3/d). When needed, appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended togething monitoring with to ensure that mitigation measures are effectively implemented. The Environmental Management Plan outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. A summary of impacts and mitigation measures is given in Table 47 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and in Table 48 for Cixi Wastewater Project.
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Public Consultation and Information Disclosure According to China environmental protection laws and regulations, management rules and World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), public participation process was carried out during Environmental Assessment to involve the people directly or indirectly related to this project. Public consultation for both components includes questionnaires and several rounds of public meetings from January to October 2004. The public expressed their strong interest about this project which can increase their quality of life. The potential adverse effects raised during the consultation process were fully answered and have also been taken into account within this EA such that outcome may be considered as satisfactory. A summary of public consultation and information disclosure is given in Table 44 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and in Table 45 for Cixi Wastewater Project.
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INTRODUCTION
This is the Summary Environmental Assessment for major components of the water supply and wastewater components of the Ningbo Water Environnement Construction Project (NWECP), an ambitious urban infrastructure project partly supported by World Bank financing. These components of the project are named Ningbo Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Project (hereinafter referred to as Ningbo Water Supply Project) and Cixi City Urban Wastewater Treatment Stage I Project (hereinafter referred to as Cixi Wastewater Project). This document provides a general summary of the findings in the project Environmencal Assessment (EA) reports (see section 1.2) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP). including legal and policy framework and applicable environmental standards, environmental baseline, mapr potential adverse impacts to the environment in the Project area, analysis of alternatives, liu - measures, public consultation programs, and environmental management organization and budgets.
1.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE PROJECT
Ningbo City is located in the central section of Chinese Mainland coastline on the banks oF the East China Sea in northeast Zhejiang Province. The city has six urban districts including Haishu, Jiangdong, Jingbei, Zhenhai, Beilun and Yinzhou. Its total administrative region is 9,365km- including a general urban area of 2,560km2 and central urban area of 127km2. Its total population in 5,960,000 (Census 2000) including actual resident population of 1,940,000 in the planned urban expansion area and actual resident population of 1,204,500 in the central urban area. According to Ningbo City's urban planning for 2001-2020, the central city' will have a population of 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 and its use of land will reach 250-300km2. With rapid economic growth, Ningbo City has experienced a big increase in its urban population and an acceleration in its urbanization. The situation of the urban infrastructural construction in Ningbo City becomes insufficient, particularly urban water supply ability and seriously aged pipe network. Designed water supply ability can no longer meet the current water demand and even no longer meet the need of rapid urban development of Ningbo City. Cixi City lies northwest to Ningbo City and at the south bank of Hangzhou Bay. As the hinge oF Ci3i Bridge across Hangzhou Bay that is being built, Cixi City has 17 towns that all have speci-.l industral parks. The output values of small electrical manufactories in these parks count important in China, so Cixi City stands high in the first hundred towns ranked by economy strength. According to the Master Planning of Cixi City, the population and industry output value by 2020 will increase fast. At the same time the city sewage will mount up, a great deal of industry wastewater and domestic sewage without treatment will discharge directly into the river network through thle inland canal in city and towns, then into Hangzhou Bay. The inland canal and main river network will be severely polluted to the standard V or worse.
The central city of Ningbo will have Sanjiang area (including Ying County central area), Zhenhai area and Beilun area as the center and Cixi eee and Yuyao area as the subcenter to forn adouble-center structure.
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Ningbo Municipal Government decides to utilize World Bank loan program to complete "Ningbo Water Environment Construction Project". The planned project aims at improving citizens' water supply and industrial water utilization environment, complete urban infrastructure, improve urban residents' quality of life and meet the demand of rapid urban economic development by increasing clean water and wastewater treatment scale and improving water quality. This project has been listed in the planned optional projects of World Bank loan in 2004-2006 financial years and approved by the State Council. At present its feasibility study report has been completed in August 2004 by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute and Zhejiang Provincial Survey & Design Institute Of Water Conservancy & Hydropower. The project consists of two sub-projects: * Multiple schemes are adopted to enlarge and adjust Ningbo City Urban Water Supply System. It is called Ningbo Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Project (Ningbo Water Supply Project); * Enlarge pipe network and wastewater treatment ability in Cixi region. It is called Cixi City Urban Wastewater Treatment Stage I Project (Cixi Wastewater Project).
The project technical and financial preparation was carried out by Chinese local organisations and has been supported by various sources of international assistance to NWECP, including SOGREAH, the Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Consultant to the Ningbo Project Management Office (PMO), the responsible institution for the overall preparation of the project.
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FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS
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1.2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
In accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 related to Environmental Assessment, the infrastructure components of the Project fall under the Category A project and as such, were subject to full EA. A second major objective is to prepare an Environmental Management Plan which should provide the operational basis for the implementation of mitigation measures both during construction and operation stages of the project. In order to comply with PRC Regulation "Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Management for the Construction Project Loaned by Intemational Finance Organisation' of June 21, 1993 and with World Bank Safeguards Operational Policy, the Project Management Office (PMO) has commissioned the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) to carry out the EA studies for water supply components and the Beijing Novel Environmental Protection Co. Ltd (BNEPC) to carry out the EA studies for wastewater components. The Overall EA for water supply components was jointly carried out by CRAES and Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Design and Research Institute (NEPSDRI). The Overall EA for wastewater components was carried out by BNEPC with the assistance of the Zheijiang Environmental Modelling Institute (ZEMI). This Environmental Assessment for the Ningbo Water Supply Project and the Cixi Wastewater Project is a second level document in a series of reports produced for the World Bank Appraisal of the projects within NWECP. The primary aim of this report is to satisfy the requirements of the PRC and also the World Bank regarding environmental assessment and mitigation. Main relevant regulatory, policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China applied in the EA are as follows: * Laws of Environmental Protection of the PRC of.December 26, 1989; * Law of Air Pollution Control of the PRC of September 1,2000; * Law of Water Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC of May 15, 1996; * Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC of March 1, 1997; * Law of Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC of April 1, 1996; * Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects of November 18,1998; * Circulation on Strengthening EA for Construction Projects Receiving International Financing of 1993; * Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment. Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01), Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), Indigenous people (OD4.20), Natural Habitats (OP4.04) and Cultural Property (OP4.11) are applied in this EA. Since there are no project components that would involve forest, pest control chemicals, international waterways, dams or construction in disputed areas as defined under the World Bank's OP7.60, safeguard policies related to these
1.3. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT
The Environmental Analysis Report itself has been sub-divided into two separate volumes, namely: * Volume 1: The Environmental Assessment Summary Report; * Volume 2: The Environmental Management Plan.
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2. PROJECT BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION
2.1. THE NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
2.1.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY COMPANY
The project promoter is Ningbo Water Supply Company, who owned a fixed asset of 160,000,000 RMB at the end of 2001. Its daily water supply capacity has reached 820,000t and it has five water purification plants distributed in five districts. It has 1057km over-DN100mm water supply pipe and 120km water diversion pipe (DN800-1600mm). Water supply population is 1,250,000, water supply rate in urban area is 100% and it has more than 1,261 employees. Ningbo Water Supply Company is a registered economic entity of independent accountability, full financial responsibility and autonomous management and has independent corporate capacity.
2.1.2. REGIONAL CONTEXT FOR WATER SUPPLY
Designed scale of water works in the central urban area of Ningbo City is 820,000m 3/d. Its water supply in 2003 reached 861 ,000m 3/d and the capacity of existing water works can no longer meet the requirement of current water demand; whereas, with urban construction of central urban area, economic development and improvement of residents' living standard, water demand of the central urban area will gradually increase and it is necessary to increase water supply capacity to meet the requiring of water demand. According to the "General urban planning of Ningbo City (2001-2020)", the range of the central urban area of Ningbo City will be expanded on the basis of current scale. Water supply population will increase from current 1,265,000 people to 1,700,000 people in 2005 and 2,000,000 people in 2010 and urban water supply must resolve the demand of water supply quantity for the growing population. The overall objectives is to meet the short and long-term water demand of the six districts in Ningbo City through this project and other city water supply projects and facilities in existence, under construction and to be constructed. According to project feasibility report, this project is planned to increase 250,OOOm3/d water supply capacity before summer peak water consumption (by the end of June) in 2006 and increase another 250,000m3/d water supply capacity in the beginning of 2008. Table below shows near-term and long-term supply and demand balance plan. From now to 2005, water supply capacity of city water works is in great shortage compared with water demand, thus some water works in villages and towns will still supply water in this period. The key emphasis in work is: first, strength water works operation management and endeavor to improve supply water quality and ensure water supply amount; second, rebuild old pipe network as soon as possible to reduce leakage loss and create conditions for next-phase city water works water supply.
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By 2006, Dongqian Lake Water Works of 500,000m3/d and the 250,000m3/d water works of this project will be put into operation and water supply capacity and water demand will be basically balanced. Meilin Water Works will be changed into industrial water works and be removed from city water supply scope; South Suburb Water Works and Jiangdong Water Works can reduce water production; Cicheng Water Works (20,000m3/d) will stop production; Yinzhou Central Area Water Works will stop production (this water works uses water source of Yindong river network whose quality is poor, the water purification structure of the water works has been expanded many times and water purification technology is out of date). In the beginning of 2008, Phase II 250,000m3/d water works of this project will be put into operation and the total water supply capacity is slightly greater than water demand, ahead to some extent. In 2009-2010, supply and demand will be basically balanced, 2-3 years of development space will be available.
TABLE 1: NEAR- AND LONG-TERM (2005-2010) SUPPLY AND DEMAND BALANCE PLAN
PreSent 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Item Situation Predicted water demand(1,000m 3/d) 1,301* 1,370 1,420 1,470 1,520 1,570 1,620 South Suburb Water Works 200 200 200 200 150 150 150 Jiangdong Water Works 350 350 250 250 250 250 250 Meilin Water Works 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 supply Beilun Water Works 150 300 300 300 300 300 300 capacity of_____ water Cicheng Water Works 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 works Yinzhou Central Area Water 80 80 0 0 0 0 0 (11000m 3/d Works Donggian Lake Water Works 0 0 500 500 500 500 500 This project Water Works 0 0 250 250 500 500 500 Total 900 1,050 1,500 1,500 1,700 1,700 1,700 Note: * refers to actual water supply quantity in2003.
2.1.3. NEED FOR THE PROJECT
Construction of Ningbo Water Supply Project is really significance for Ningbo city and is very necessary for the following reasons: * Increase supply water quantity to meet the requirement of urban construction, economic development, improvement of residents' living standard and growth of water demand. * Satisfy the requirement of urban water supply range enlargement, construction of this project can improve and satisfy the water supply demand of all villages and towns in Yinzhou District by gradually eliminate small water works in the villages and towns and incorporate the region of villages and towns into urban water supply scope. * Reduce the water production of large and medium sized water works and improve supply water quality to meet the requirement of newly issued national standard 'Sanitation Specification of Domestic and Drinking Water'. * Adopt high quality reservoir water source to improve supply water quality and protect residents' health. * Increase water distribution of urban water supply from multiple water sources to improve the safety and water transfer and distribution and ensure supply water pressure of pipe networks. * Exert the function and investment benefit of other construction projects (Zhougongzhai reservoir project).
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2.1.4. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS
The Ningbo Water Supply Project components included in the NWECP supported by a World Bank loan are: (a) Construction of raw water intake and transmission tunnel, (b) Construction of a Water Treatment Works, (c) Construction of trunk mains and urban ring main. Figure 2 presents the location of the NWSP components.
TABLE 2: COMPOSITION OF NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
Project name Components Contents of the project Remarks
Raw water A 500,000m3/d capacity water intake tower Water flows by gravity intaken annd is provided in Jiaokou reservoir. 9.58km from water works to tunnel long tunnel connects to Maojiaping WTW. urban ring main and Ningbo City villages and towns in Zhougongzhai A 500,000m3/d capacity water treatment Yinxi region. and Jioakou Water works is built in Maojiaping. The WTW Reservoir Water treatment occupies a land of 140.3mu (9.35ha) Diversion and works including 20mu reserved for advanced Spur water mains to Urban Water treatment. villages and towns in Supply Ring Yinxi region are Network Project Two transmission mains totalling 36.9km planned under a Trunk mains in length convey outgoing clean water from separate contract. and urban Maojiaping WTW to main water distribution Total supply ring main pipe network. Urban water ring main has a 150,OOOm3/d. total length of 46.7km.
The total project investment is approximately 1,426 million RMB, 810.4 million RMB is planned to be borrowed from World Bank. The project construction period is 3 years.
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FIGURE2: NING8oWATER SUPPLY PROJECT LOCATION
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2005 SwGEFAH-JCA - 13OI117.R3.2-FNAL PAHJANLuARY NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
2.1.5. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS
2.1.5.1. RAW WATER INTAKE AND TUNNEL TRANSMISSION
Water intake project is situated on the left bank of Jiaokou reservoir and is 1,000m from the dam. It comprises a shaft based layered draw-off arrangement to maximize flexibility of access to supply. The bottom and top elevation of water draw-off is 36.Om and 51.0m respectively. A maintenance plafform is provided at 69.Om and the level of the gate hoist platform is 78.5m, above which 11Cm2 gate hoist housing is provided. A 2.5m wide approach bridge links the bankside road to the hoist house. Water from the draw-off structure is transmitted to the water treatment works at Maojiaping via a 9,039m long, tunnel divided in four sections, (783m from draw-off to Jiangao; 1,070m from Jiangao to Wangjiaao, 2,530 from Wangjiaao to Daao and 4,640m from Daao to WTW. The base elevation of intake tunnel entrance (bottom of shaft) is 36m above Yellow Sea datum (YSD) and that of exit (collecting well) is 30m YSD. The overlying rock structure has a maximum height of 350m YSD. In the design of the transmission tunnel, engineering geologic conditions and construction progress are among considerations for the purpose of minimizing construction problems, attaining rapid construction progress and minimizing project costs. Transmission tunnel is designed on a flow rate of 6.13m3/s and, after allowing for kinetic energy losses, it has been sized at 3.6m diameter. Total earthwork excavation quantity is 246,80Cm3 including 50,00Cm3 earth, 48,40Cm 3 open cut stone and 148,40Cm3 tunnel rocks. The bulking factor for stones is 1.3 and total quantity of spoil is 305,800m3. Of this total quantity, 195,100m3 will come through the water inlet, Jiangao, Wangjiaao and Daoao working faces and will be transported away and used for urban construction in Ningbo City. An additional 10,000m3 will be used within this water diversion project leaving a residue of 100,60Cm3. This project plans to build four excavation waste dumps to stock the residual spoil: * #1 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Zhengjia Village, slag pile capacity is 31,000m , and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #1 construction adit. It occupies an area of 18mu. * #2 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Jianao Village, slag pile capacity is 15,00Cm3, and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #1 construction adit. It occupies an area of 8mu. * #3 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Jianao Village, slag pile capacity is 15,000m3, and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #El construction adit. It occupies an area of 1Omu. * #4 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Songxiang Village, slag pile capacity is 42,00Cm 3, and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #E1 construction adit. It occupies an area of 25mu.
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FiGURE3: WASTEDUMPS LOCATION FOR THE NWSP
Construction site Excavated spoil Construction- t ' . . for collecting well disposal site 4#
site for Maojiaping water intake tunnel (t=9,259m) cnstructionoTransmission ' e '% Water ' Jiangao tunneladit2# well I/tA lntakeconstruction. : vWangjiaao Daao construction L site ~~~~construction- construction: site for sit tunnel adit i#. Excavated spoil 4hw.JaouRrir -:. ' , . ^_ k¢,,,site 1# ,disposal
~ ~j7t rrI~~~004 Tunnel adit2#(L= lOOm) ~~~~~~~~'K . -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Excavated,; , ! ' ;-- :. ~ spoil W N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tunneledit 1#(L= 50Om) disposal site 3# ifaokou4aarvoir ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Excavatedspoil disposal site 2#
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2.1.5.2. WATER TREATMENT WORKS
The full 500,00Om 3/d water treatment works is designed and completed in one contract. According to characteristics of raw water of Jiaokou reservoir, the main purpose of water treatment technology is to remove turbidity, colour, algae, and organic substance as well as bacteria and virus. The water treatment work occupies an area of 140.3mu (9.35ha) including 20mu reserved as the land for advanced treatment. Considering flood prevention and connection to nearby road as well as gravity water supply requirement, the designed ground elevation of the plant is determined to be 51 .OOm. The figure below presents the arrangement plan of the water treatment works.
FIGURE 4: LOCATION OF MAOJIAPING WATER TREATMENT WORKS
Maojiaping WTW /
aftfg river
.,,,, ,Yiniangtown /t S P Ai
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With reference to the actual operation condition and experience of Beilun water works (adopting reservoir water as water source) and other similar water works in Jiangxi and Zhejiang region, water treatment technology adopts conventional treatment technology. Raw water is transferred from the collecting well (with pumping when water level in Jaiokpu reservoir is low) to the combined mixed flocculating sedimentation tank through chlorine and chemical dosing room and enters into single-sized sand filter. Treated water is chlorinated and stored in 4 x 12 500 m3 before discharge to the transmission mains.
Backwash wastewater of the filtration tank go to a thickening tank trough a regulation tank and then join sludge water of the sedimentation tank to enter in the sludge regulation tank and the sludge concentration tank. Supernatant is discharged to the nearby canal (Xiaoxi river) outside the plant through pipes and sludge enter sludge balance tank and dewatering workshop. Residual water returns to sludge regulation tank and dry sludge is conveyed to sludge shed for temporary storage and then transported out to landfill or utilized as backfill.
The following figure illustrates the flow chart of the water treatment works.
FIGURE 5: WATER TREATMENT WORKS FLOW CHART
Chmia hos mnanPAM Sludge
Raw water Pump S uatiorBkawt
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~aErbac was watH huer|IWbarkhwash wae
snrelnIs diScaedato nr mutainousregin for irrigation. fon
In-pantIn-pantwasewaerasteate isi tretrate m bysmalatedonsmal unegonunergoun wastewaterwasteashwatertramnuitndhep-o tratmentuirn teuo
~~~Supmtandreflnt is dqaiscargdtioneal mutainoukego for irigtin
As the works area is elevated and the surrounding landform is relatively low with a large difference in elevation, a rainwater collection system will be provided with controlled discharges at low level.
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Within the works area, auxiliary buildings are also provided; comprising general building (1,650m', including office, laboratory, central control room and conference room), staff accommodation (1,400m , including canteen, bathroom, workers' dormitory, activity room, garage), warehouse and mechanical repair shop (400m 2) and gate keepers office (25m2).
2.1.5.3. TRUNK MAINS AND URBAN RING MAIN
Two clean water transmission mains are provided. Connected from treated water reservoir in the water treatment works, the pipes are laid adjacent to roads as far as Hengjie town. The pipes by- pass Hengjie town and their routes diverge. One main is laid along Yinxia Highway to the east to the junction of Airport Road and is connected to the urban ring main at Airport road; the other main is laid along Lianfeng Road (presently under construction) to the junction of Airport Road where it is connected to the urban ring main. The total length of the twin DN2000-DN1800 pipelines is 36.9km. Urban ring main (DN2200-DN1800 pipe) is divided into four sections with a total length of 46.7km: * East sector of ring main: starting from the north outer ring line, it runs from the junction of Century Avenue and north ring line to pass through Yongjiang river along Century Avenue and then continues to run along Century Avenue to the south till Hangyong Expressway. After passing through the expressway, it runs along Tongsan National Highway to the south till Yinzhou Highway and is connected to the south line of the ring main. The total length of the pipeline is 17.35km. * South sector of ring main: it is connected out from the east line of the ring main at the junction of Yinzhou Highway and Tongsan National Highway and runs along Yinzhou Highway under construction to the west till Airport Road where it is connected to the west line of the ring main and crosses over Fenghuajiang river. The length of the pipeline is 7.75km. * West sector of ring main: it is connected out from the south line of the ring main at the junction of Yinzhou Highway and Airport Road and runs along Airport Road to the north. It passes Yuyaojiang river and continues to run to the junction of Xinxing Road and Airport Road. Then it continues to run along the planned extension (not constructed yet) of Airport Road to the north to connect the planned north outer ring line into the north line of the ring main. The length of the pipeline is 12km. * North sector of ring main: it is connected out from the west line of the ring main at the junction of the planned north outer ring line and Airport Road and runs along the north outer ring line to the east till Century Avenue where it is connected to the start point of the east line of the ring main. The length of the pipeline is 9.60km. Water supply connections are planned along the urban ring main to distribute water to demand centers either through existing or proposed trunk mains.
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2.1.6. PLANNING FOR THE PROJECT
Phase I * Preliminary project study, survey, design, land requisition and bid invitation for construction of a part of project before November 2004. * Construction period is from December 2004 to March 2006, during which time equipment purchase bid invitation will be carried out: - Raw water intake and transmission tunnel project: construction is from December 2004 to November 2005 for a period of one year. It mainly includes 1 water intake tower, 9.58km intake tunnel and 1 surge shaft. - Maojiagping WTW: is constructed by two phases. 250,000m3/d water production capacity will be built in the first phase and be put into production in June 2006. - Trunk mains project: the two pipes in parallel will be laid in the first phase of construction period. - Urban ring main project: The west section and the north section are laid in the first phase of construction period and the south and east section are laid in the second phase of construction period. * Commissioning and trial operation will be carried from March to June 2006. * Maojiaping WTW Phase I 250,000m3/d will be put into operation in July 2006. Phase II * July 2006 to September 2007: construction period of the south section and east section of the urban ring main and of Maojiaping WTW Phase II, during which equipment purchase bid invitation will be carried out. * October to December 2007: commissioning and trial operation. * January 2008: fully commissioned.
2.2. THE CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT
2.2.1. THE REGIONAL CONTEXT
The present level of sewage treatment in Cixi city is very low, being less than 10%. The central district of each town lacks the infrastructure for sewage collection and treatment except notably Zhouxiang town and Guanhaiwei town. Treatment capacity at Jiaochangshan WWTP in the central city is currently 20,00Om 3/d (the first phase construction was finished by the end of 1993, now the capacity is being extended by 25,00Om 3/d and the final capacity of 45,000m3/d will be reached before 2010). The WWTP collects wastewater from an area of about 10km2, comprising only one third of the central city area. Historically, municipal sewage from the central city and each town has been discharged directly into the river and canal network which results in canals network not meeting the expected quality standards. The majority of the inland canal and main river networks are severely polluted to Class V standard or worse.
2.2.2. NEED FOR THE PROJECT
Implementation of Cixi Wastewater Project will provide the following major benefits: * Compliance with state construction policies and state laws: "by 2010, all towns in the national organization system shall have their average sewage treatment rate no less than 50%, cities shall no less than 60%, and key cities 70%";
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* All-round implementation of water environmental controls, enhancement of water environmental quality in canal network and improvement of residential environmental quality; * Supports the implementation of the construction of Ningbo Zhedong Diversion Project; * Improvement of urban character and increasing the potential for inward investment; * Accelerates construction of urban infrastructure and the operation of market economy; * Realisation of an ecological city, establishment of the state-class environmental protective model city and ecological demonstration area.
2.2.3. SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The estimated quantities of sewage production in Cixi are 243,400m3/d for 2010 and 421,000m3/d for 2020. In 2010, the upgraded Jiaochangshan WWTP and the construction of the Phase I Northern WWTP and Eastern WWTP will treat a total of 195,000m3/d. By 2020 Phase II of the Northern WWTP will have been added and Jiaochanshan WVVWTP will be decommissioned. A total of 420,000m3/d of sewage will be treated. Treatment ratios will increase from less than 10% at present to 70% in 2010 and to 100% in 2020. The Cixi Wastewater Project components included in the NWECP supported by a World Bank loan are: (a) Construction of the Northern WWTP, (b) Construction of the Eastern WWTP, (c) Construction of the sewerage system which includes trunk sewers and sewage pumping stations.
TABLE 3: COMPOSITION OF CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT
Project name Components Contents of the project Remarks
Northern A 100,000m 3/d wastewater treatment plant WWTP is provided in the northern part of Cixi city. increase to 1O0,OOM 3/d Eastern A 50,000m3/d wastewater treatment plant in 2020, the northern Cixi City Urban WWTP is provided in the eastern part of Cixi city. 320,O00rnWWTP will3 /dincrease in 2020, to Wastewater A sewage collection network is provided in and current Treatment Phase part of downtown and every central district Jiaochangshan WWTP I Project Sewage of town. It includes the main trunk sewers increase to 45,OOOm3/d collection (93.13km), the sewage pump stations of in 2010. This part of network the main trunk (15 sets), the key pipelines work is not included in in towns (133km) and the town sewage this project. pump stations (42 sets).
The total project investment is approximately 1,079.6 million RMB of which 510.8 million RMB is planned to be borrowed from World Bank.
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FIGuRE6: CW0 WASTEWATER PROJECT LOCATION
:' ...- ! I v :!v.vr4.Z.-Zie ,..T
> \ .>' # ; ~~~~~~~WestS#/ .. , /--
,-- - ' f +/- -- />uJ.4 '- 1 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 \ ~~- 3E ik 4Jf ...
* ~- - iCntraCentral 5#j 1 '*'.e \
J~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~~~*Central 2# <
- ' Western^ | pipell n,- st 1# '
, / [ . / 7 .Central4# -East~~~~~~~~~~~~Est2# East 1#Eas 3# , ; *.
.*-*-ir W - ,, gGe~~~~~ntral1# , \ E;3; ,- ' ExsfnW,pii Eastern Eastem WWTP
. t _ | ' . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 ;. ~ ~~~~~East'
o Pump stations of this project V. -Pipelines of this project
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2.2.4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
2.2.4.1. SEWAGE COLLECTION NETWORK
The sewage collection network includes two systems for the collection of wastewater: * The central-western pipeline which could be divide in two trunk pipelines: the western one and the central one (77,1 km). The pipes diameter are included between DN400 and DN1800, and the laying depth are between 2.5m and 6.5m. * The eastern pipeline: the main sewage trunk is laid in Middle Transverse Line and Danshuihong Road (30,1km). The pipes diameter are included between DN500 and DN1800, and the laying depth are between 2.5m and 7m. There are totally 15 pumping stations for the city trunk sewers and 42 pump stations for the town- level sewers. According to the 2002-long-term master plan, these stations will be constructed with a minimum of impact and land-take. The total land required is about 14,700m2 , of which the land for 10 stations in the central-western trunk sewer is about 13,800m2 and 4,500m2 is required for the eastern sewerage system. The sewage pump stations comprise the following: wet well, penstock, screen, sewage pumps, delivery main.
2.2.4.2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
The Northern WWTP will be constructed on land allocated under the city Masterplan. The site is adjacent to the Thermo Power Plant in the new industrial development zone in Hangzhou Bay and on the northern bank of Jiutangheng river. The Eastern WVvTP will be built near the confluence of Danshuihong river and Shitangheng river within the planned East Cixi Industry Park. WWTP locations are presented in the following figures.
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FIGURE 7: NORTHERN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT LOCATION (CWP)
Northem WWTPlocaIon
sea gate
- &as , r- A^h Sbb3Uh / 'S--
-S -Z! --.
, b *>-.;-¢Jg.d trDongw ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~octio
FIGURE 8: EASTERN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT LOCATION (CWP)
7- ' --.- _ / Xt_ /_ - -.. ,p N
. Cdorg g,ndusiual park
SanbaltownI
-~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ /-
SOGREAH-JCA - 13501 17R3.1 -FINAL PAGE18 JANuARY 2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
According to the inflow water quality and requirement of treatment objective of planned Cixi City sewage, inverted A/ANO biological denitrification and dephosphoration process is proposed. The treatment process of the inverted A/ANO technique is presented in the following figure.
FIGURE 9: WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM PROCESS CHART (CWP)
10-305'lnfluent
70-90q;lnflucnt _arier Cr Effluent
Rctun sludge (50-100% Surplussludge
Because of the strict limiting standards for suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) in the Class I A effluent discharges and the possibility that the treatment process cannot guarantee these standards, tertiary treatment of engineered wetland is proposed.
TABLE 4: POLLUTANT COMPOSITION AND STANDARDS OF CIXI WASTEWATER TREATMENT Item ~~~~~~~~~RawSecondary Tertiary treatment Item sewage treatment effluent effluent Inflow COD (mg/L) 400 60 50
BOD5 (mg/L) 200 20 10 SS (mg/L) 300 20 10 TN(mg/L) 50 25 15
NH3- N 30 - 5 (8) TP (mg/L) 5.5 2 0.5
Number of coliform (one/L) 108 -109 108 -109 1 03
According to the development of sludge treatment technologies during the past years, Phase I sludge disposal includes surplus sludge thickening and dewatering process. For the long-term plan, the sludge digestion system will be adopted. It is planned to utilize the sludge dewatering plate presses. The technical process is presented in Figure 10. The unique characteristic of this technique is that it shortens the time that sludge stays in the machine thus to reduce the emission of phosphate and to reduce the contact between the sludge treatment facility and the air. After reducing the volume, the residual sludge is transported for disposal at the city landfill.
FIGURE 10: SLUDGE TREATMENT SYSTEM PROCESS CHART (CWP)
Sludge thickening and] Sludge transporting Surplus sludge dewatering machineg outwards
I1he sludge liquor enters the influent pumping house.
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In addition the treatment process, public utilities have to be built in each WWTP: * Road: Roads in each plant will have a width standard of either 4m or 7m with facility for vehicles turning on a radius of 6m. This will facilitate easy access and circulation. * Water supply and drainage: Water supply pipeline to each plant is connected to the municipal supply system. Demand will include fire fighting as well as potable water consumption at cafeteria, ablution block and other used (e.g. laboratory). Sewage and drainage systems consist of rainwater and sanitary and production sewers. The production wastewater and sanitary sewage are collected by the sewer and discharged to the inlet pumping station of the WVvTP. Storm water drains will discharge into the nearby river. * Electricity supply: Each plant will be provided with a transformer station, and two transformers will be established in each of the segments of inlet screening, pump room, air blower room and sludge dewatering pump room; Electricity consumption of pumping stations along the sewer system will rely on the municipal electricity system. * Communication: supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) facilities are included at each plant to facilitate communication and management.
2.2.5. PLANNING FOR THE PROJECT
Phase I will start in 2005 with the construction of the eastern and central-western trunk sewers and the two WvvTP (eastern and northern). The Phase I sewage treatment plants will be constructed according to the 2010 demand requirements and the sewers will be designed and constructed to 2040 requirements. Among which: * The new Eastern WvVTP: 50,000m3/d in 2010. * The new Northern WWTP: 100,000m3/d in 2010. * The new wastewater collection network: the new trunk sewage pipeline (93.13 km), 15 major pump stations, trunk pipeline in the township (133km), and 41 pump station in the towns. Phase II project construction will start in 2010. The construction of the pump stations will comply with 2040 standard. The enlargement of the Northern and Eastern VvWTP will be respectively from 50,000m3/d to 100,000m3/d and from 100,000m3/d to 320,000m3/d.
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3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION
3.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT AREA
3.1.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING
3.1.1.1. GEOGRAPHY
The Project area is located in the Ningbo city in Zhejiang province. Four administrative regions (Yinzhou, Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei) will be involved in this project. The topography of Ningbo area is sloping downwards from southwest to northeast. It is characterized by a plain surrounded by mountains to the east, west and south, the highest being Siming Mountain at 1,017m YSD. The urban area of Ningbo is located on the flat, alluvial plain of Yongjiang basin with a maze of rivers, and an extensive coastline. The average elevation of urban area is 3.Om YSD.
3.1.1.2. CLIMATE
The area experiences a sub-tropical monsoon climate, characterised by a summer rainy season from April to September (with 70% of total annual precipitation) and a dry season during the cold period from October to March. Annual rainfall is on average 1128.7mm and average annual temperature is 16.30C, with a maximum temperature of 38.60C and a minimum temperature of - 8.50C. Extrems in weather often occur, including cold periods in the winter, continuous overcast/rainy periods, typhoons with flooding in the spring and autumn, high temperatures in the summer, and south-southeast winds with an annual average of 2.9m/s.
3.1.1.3. HYDROLOGY
The location of main rivers and reservoirs in the project area are shown on Figure 11.
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FIGUIRE11:RIVERS AND RESERVOIRS LOCATION INTHE NWSP AREA
HengjietownWA |-
Jiakou reservoir - - _ -
~<~~ - _ /- 0 - - Gulin town
* Zangshui town ' -
E wikLAy ts ~~~~~~~~~~~-- -. I <--' ,#
0 0. - **;-* / netw9rk . .
N - _ rk
Dongqiao town * Zhougongzhal reservoir (In construction) an river
Yinjiang town
rashain weir
Yanjiang or'
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Rivers The Yongjiang river basin is located on the south of Hangzhou bay and along the eastern coast of Zhejiang province. Fenghuajiang river flows into Yaojiang river at the Sanjiangkou area of Ningbo. The main stream of Yongjiang is 26km long with a watershed area of 5,544km2 . The river width varies between 200 and 700m with an average width of 262m. The annual total runoff volume is 3.702 billion m3 (with a measured maximum peak discharge of 6,500m3/s). The flow during low flow season is almost zero at some times. The runoff volume varies according to precipitation and can be zero during the dry season. The main function of Yongjiang river is navigation, discharging flood and for industrial use. Yaojiang river rises in the north, from Xiajialing on the northern limits of Siming mountain in Yuyao county. Upstream of Sanjiangkou in Ningbo, the river is 107.4km long with a basin area of 1934km2. The Siminghu reservoir, built upstream, has a water intake area of 103km2. Yaojiang almost belongs to the enclosed and semi enclosed inland river (a gate is built before it flows into Yangjiang river) with the multi-yearly average runoff volume of 1.096 billion cubic meters. The upstream of the south source (Fenghuajiang river) is Yanjiang river which originates from the east piedmont of Xiujianshan of Siming mountain. Yanjiang river converge with three branches, including Xianjiang river and Dongjjang river on its east and Yinjiang river on its north, at Sanjiangkou of Xiawangdu of Hengzhang. Then it can be called the Fenghuajiang river. The Fenghuajang river before the Sanjiangkou of Ningbo is 98km long with watershed area of 2,590km2 and a catchment area of 1,965km2. The multi-yearly average total runoff volume is 1,299,000,000m3. Fenghuajiang river has the multi-yearly average flow of 75m3/s and the maximum flood flow of 5,000m3/s. The flow during low flow period is almost zero. Generally, November, December and January are the low flow period, April and May as the level period and the rest months as the high-water period. The main stream of Yinjiang is 69.4km long with watershed area of 348 km2. After flowing out from Jiaokou reservoir and before Yuetashanyan, it is called as Zhangxi river while is integrating the water from others rivers. At Tashan weir (Cf. 3.1.3.4), the river is divided to flow to Nantang river (to introduce water into Yinxi river network) before joining Fenghuajiang river, or to continue directly to Yanjiang river through Yinjiang river. Nantang river provides source of drinking water and agricultural irrigation water for local villages. Within the Zhangxi river catchment (100km2), there are several small tributaries with incoming water flow of about 10,000m 3/d. The social information indicates that the population from the outlet of Jiaokou reservoir to Tashan weir is 16,000 people, mainly in Zhangshui town. There are also 5 industrial enterprises (mainly food factories) with daily water consumption of about 1,250m3/d. The total water demand for Zhangxi river catchment is 10,000m 3/d.
Reservoirs Two reservoirs are considered in the project to be the water source: Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs. Zhougongzhai reservoir is situated 15km upstream of Jiaokou reservoir and is currently under construction. Its catchment area is 132km2 with good vegetation, lush forest and high quality water in the valley. Its maximum storage capacity will be 112 million m3, although the normal impounded level of the reservoir will be 231.18m above YSD with a corresponding storage capacity is 95.7 million m3.
2 The Yinxi fiver netrwork is amix between rivers and man-made canals.
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Jiaokou reservoir is situated in Yinzhou district, 30km from the downtown area of Ningbo City. The 2 water catchment area between Zhougongzhai reservoir and Jiaokou reservoir is 172km and Jiaokou reservoir has a catchment area of 259km2 with good vegetation, lush forest and good 3 quality water in the valley. The total storage capacity of the Jiaokou reservoir is 120 million m , although the normal impounded level is 68.08m above YSD with a corresponding storage capacity is 77.96 million m3.
TABLE 5: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS VALUES OF ZHOUGONGZHAI RESERVOIR AND JIAOKOU RESERVOIR
Zhougongzhai Jiaokou Reservoir Total Item Unit Reservoir I. Hydrology
1. Catchment area km2 132 259 259 2. Perennial average | 1,000m 3 | 149,000 281,000 281,000
II. Reservoir
1. Reservoir water level
Maximum flood level m 239.76 (P=0.05%) 79.04 (P=0.01%)
Normal water level m 231.18 68.08 Restrained water level in typhoon flood period 227.18 60.08 Dead water level m 145.18 37.68
2. Reservoir volume
Total storage capacity 1,000 m3 111,800 119,800 231,600 Normal conservation 1,000 m3 95,700 77,960 173,660 storage capacity Restrained storage capacity in typhoon flood 1,000 m3 86,960 49,670 136,630 period Regulation storage 1,000 m3 93,400 75,490 168,890 capacity 7,9 6,9 Dead storage capacity 1,000 m3 2,300 2,470 4,770
3.1.1.4. WATER QUALITY
Reservoirs water quality Presently in Zhougongzhai reservoir valley, the main pollution source is village life (with a population of 32,000 people), animal husbandry (with 29,000 pigs, 960 cattle and 5,700 sheep) and farmland surface (with 20,000mu farmland). Industrial base is relatively weak with mainly bamboo and wood byproduct processing. Discharge of wastewater is low and sparsely distributed and is not regarded as a source of pollution. The river section from the dam of Zhougongzhai reservoir to Jiaokou reservoir is 15km and its contributing area is 37km2. In this area there is a population of 8,077 people and 3,527mu farmland. According to data provided by Yinzhou district EPB, the major pollution sources are food factories (Yin county Siming food factory and Yin county Chunyu food factory) for their wastewater discharge.
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TABLE 6: POLLUTION SOURCES INTHE DOWNSTREAMIN RIVER OF JiAOKOU RESERVOIR Water Water COD Name of factory consumption discharge discharge Discharge Remarks (tVyear) (tVyear) (kg/year) outlet Yin County Chunyu Food 1,800 1,500 600 Xiaojiao Annual workdays Factory are 30 days Yin County Siming Food (March, April each Factory 1,800 1,500 600 Tongjia year) Total 3,600 3,000 1,200 I
Ningbo station of the national water quality monitoring network for urban water supply has sampled and analyzed periodically the Jiaokou reservoir water quality. Comparing with the values specified in the national standard of "surface water quality standard" (GB3838-2002), the Jiaokou reservoir water quality meets the water quality criteria of Class I-Il water bodies, and conforms with the requirements on water quality for water sources specified in the national standard of "sanitation specification of domestic drinking water". Based on the water quality monitoring of Zhougongzhai dam sites and of the outlet of Jiaokou reservoir, the water quality entering Zhougongzhai reservoir is considered as Class II, the water quality entering Jiaokou reservoir is considered as Class II and the outflow water quality from Jiaokou reservoir is considered as Class l.
Rivers water auality The Yongjiang water system consists of the main stream of Yongjiang river and two Class I branches from Yaojiang river and Fenghuajiang river. Many conventional monitoring stations in Yongjiang water system have been installed to monitor the river reaches with total length of 216.5km and provide plenty of detailed water quality data. According to the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), the water quality control target of Qinglindu (on Yaojiang river) section is Class IlIl and the water quality control targets of Chenlangyan (on Fenghuajiang river) and Sanjiangkou (on Yongjiang river) sections are Class IV. Therefore, to analyze the water environment status, this evaluation utilizes the last three years conventional water quality monitoring data (2001 to 2003) and provides the following conclusions: * Except BOD5 exceeded standard in 2003, other indices of Chenglangyan cross-section of Fenghuajiang river achieved the standard in each year. * Except BODs exceeded standard slightly in 2001, other indices of Qinglindu cross- section of Yaojiang river met Class IlIl water quality requirement of GB3838-2002. * Water quality of Sanjiangkou cross-section of Yongjiang river has met the required Class IV water standard and has not exceeded this standard at any time.
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FIGURE 12: WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS INTHE NWSP AREA (EAST PART)
AX4'. 8~62L, 91
96.R ~~~~ \ _,~9 349 j 0
88 Legend
Class I ^Yaojiang 2 river t %s 1 X o svses j~ ° 0 Class 11
I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ClassIII Class IV
n ng~ ~~ ~ ~~~~ 87 - Monitortil Fenghuajiang river, E
The tributary streams of Fenghuajiang river are Yinjiang river, Yanjiang river, Xianjiang river and Dongjiang river. According to the 'Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), the water quality control target of Jiaokou reservoir outlet station is Class I, the water quality control targets of Liangqiao (on Yanjiang river) and Fanshidu (on Fenghuajiang river) sections are Class IlIl and the water quality control targets of Jiangkou (on Yanjiang river), Changting (on Xianjiang river) and Xiwu (on Dongjiang river) sections are Class IV. Therefore, to analyze the water environment status, this evaluation utilizes the last three years conventional water quality monitoring data (2001 to 2003) and provides the following conclusions: * Water quality of outlet of Jiaokou reservoir (Zhangxi river) is Class II in 2002 and exceeded the requirement of Class I functional area. The main standard-exceeding substances are ammonia nitrogen (up to 0.41mg/I) and total phosphorus (up to 0.07mg/I). But in 2003 it improved and all indices met the water quality requirement of functional area. * Present water quality of Liangqiao cross-section of Yinjiang river was Class IlIl and exceeded the requirement of Class II functional area. The main standard-exceeding substances are ammonia nitrogen (up to 0.94mg/I), DO (up to 6.41 mg/I) and CODMn (up to 5.03mg/I). Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, tin, arsenic, hexavalent chrome and cyanide at all monitoring sections in 2003 were within the limit for water quality range of Class I surface water. * Jiangkou station on Yanjiang river, Changting station of Xianjiang river and Xiwu station of Dongjiang river all met the water quality requirement of functional area in the last two years whether in average, high or low water periods. * Water quality of the Fanshidu station of Fenghuajiang river in 2001 reached Class IV standard and the main standard-exceeding indices were DO, petroleum and total phosphorus. Improvements occurred in 2002 and all indices met Class IlIl water quality requirements. However, in 2003 water quality in different stages exceeded standards to different extents and total water quality was Class IV. The main standard-exceeding indices are DO (up to 7.9pg/1), CODMn (up to 7.07mg/I), BOD5 (up to 1.05mg/I) and Cadmium (up to 0.27pg/l).
SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE26 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
FIGURE 13: WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS IN THE NWSP AREA (WEST PART)
Jiakous reservoiri 4 w t j j
IC- *Outlet station "-
rj1, 0 a n9t.itshidu ,; -h ° Legend 3°A ts:I antang river -1
~~Ungqiao - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Class 1
1,0 . c Yalnjiang river ]!E] Cbss III
. ,_Jiankou_ . _ 1 Dongjiangnver' _ Class IV
ianjiangriver * * Class V J 8.. \, *i Mon4orinn .,-i Changting Xiwu station
According to the monitoring results in 2003, the overall water quality of the Chenjiao, Shigan and Wangchun sections of the Yinxi river network and Meixu, Panhuo and Xiezhong sections in the Yindong river network exceeded Class V. With reference to the requirement of functional water quality objective for water environment, results from the six stations all exceeded standard. Compared with 2002, up-to-standard rate did not change, but the water body exceeding Class V increased to some extent. The main standard-exceeding factors were: CODMn (up to 11.7mg/I), BOD 5 (up to 7.81mg/I), ammonia nitrogen (up to 6.81mg/I), total phosphorus (up to 1.13mg/I) and DO (up to 9.05mg/).
3.1.1.5. AIR QUALITY
According to Ningbo City environmental air quality monitoring division, the region where this project is located belongs to Class II functional area and shall achieve Grade 2 standard for 'Ambient air quality standard" (GB3095-1996). According to 'Ningbo city environmental quality report" (2003) compiled by Ningbo EPB, the overall environmental air quality presently in the urban area of Ningbo City conforms to the required standards (4 monitoring points including Yinzhou District to conduct routine monitoring for air S02, NO2, PM10, dusffall and acid rain). A high frequency of acid rain is noted, the monitored region is in a serious acid rain area.
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3.1.1.6. ACCOUSTIC QUALITY
According to the Ningbo environmental quality report of 2003, prepared by Ningbo environmental protection bureau, the day noise levels in every functional area of Ningbo generally comply with the standard although the night noise level at some times exceeds the limits provided in Standards of Environmental noise of urban area (GB3096-93). The noise levels of residential, cultural and educational area are over the Class I standard (up to 2.8dB), the noise levels of both sides of main traffic arteries are over Class IV standard (up to 10.4dB). The noise levels of the industrial and mixed areas are conformed to the Class II and III standards. The equivalent sound level of environmental noise in the urban area of Ningbo City has been controlled below 56dB(A) for successively 8 years (53.3dB(A) in 2003). The domestic noise is the main noise source of Ningbo city with a constituent ratio up to 35.6%. Due to the extensive construction activity and in order to highlight the key areas, a monitoring survey has been set up (31 March 2004) at 12 different places (once per day and per night) for the evaluation the environmental noise levels in day (8:00-22:00) and night (after 22:00), such as the boundary of Maojiaping VVTW, Jiaokou reservoir (proposed site for intake water tower) and within the area crossed by the pipelines. The conclusions are: * The site of Maojiaping WTW and Jiaokou reservoir (proposed site for intake water tower) have good acoustic environment quality, noise in day and night meets the Class I criteria specified in "Standard of environmental noise within urban area". * Except noise level of Chuxianerdao highway, other monitoring points along roads measured the night noise level over the limit (Class IV criteria specified in "Standard of environmental noise within urban area") with different degrees according to the effect of traffic noise; the day noise levels measured at Fenaodongcun of Hengyanlu road and Yujia of Yanxiandadao road also are over limit.
3.1.2. BIOLOGICAL SETTING
3.1.2.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
3 Ningbo has rich vegetations with forest coverage up to 36.8% and forest reserves of 7,360,000m . The forest plant is of the typical evergreen broad leaf wood. It has 10 types of the national protection class 11plant including gingko, golden larch and eucommia etc, and 25 types of the national protection class IlIl plant including japanese cinnamon and Zhejiangnan. The animal resource is also rich with 950 kinds of vertebrates within which are 69 species of mammals, 188 species of birds, 69 species of reptiles, 28 species of amphibians and 502 species of fish. There are 9 species of the national protection Class I animal including pangolin, asian golden cat and clouded leopard and 40 species of the national protection Class II animal such as cowfish, otter and oriental civet cat. The project location is in the middle and low mountain range. The catchment area and dam site of Jiaokou reservoir have good vegetation protection with a coverage rate more than 65%. Steeper slopes have higher erosion because of landform and soil type, which is generally stony sand. The majority of areas are covered with the typical mountain landscape soils such as the yellow mud, which is susceptible to slight erosion.
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Vegetation in the area of Jiaokou reservoir belongs to mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt. Due to frequent human activities, most indigenous vegetation has been damaged and most existing forests are artificial forest or secondary forest. The main coniferous trees are masson pine, fir, Cryptomeria, golden larch, Chinese torreya and cypress. Main evergreen broadleaved trees are oiltea camellia, lotus, camphor tree, holly, citrus, tea, red bayberry, palm. Deciduous broadleaf tree are Liquidambar formosana hance, sassafras, sinkgo, sawtooth oak, chinese chestnut, tung tree, chinese tallow tree, chinaberry seed, dwarf elm, poplar and willow. Shrub and forest plant are sawtooth oak, Rhododendron simsii planch, poplar, Zingiber officinale rosc, Yangtao actinidia, wisteria, leatherleaf milletia. And bamboo is mainly Mao bamboo. Due to the frequency of human activities within the project area, there exist only a few wild animals such as mice and not any protected species. The birds mainly include some aquatic birds on the Fenghuajiang river.
3.1.2.2. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY
The present situation of aquatic ecology in the rivers downstream of Jiaokou reservoir has been evaluated from the collection of historical data and from the analysis sampling points (2 points have been set up at Yinxi bridge on Zhangxi river upstream of Yinjiang river and at the upper reach of Tashan Weir). After examination, the water in this area mainly contains 30 species of phytoplankton including 16 species of green algae and 7 species of diatom, the sum of which accounts for 76.67% of total species number. The highest rate of cell count lies in Microsystis flos-aquae, Tabellaria fenestriata, Scenddesmus dimorphus, Closterium venus and Ankistrodesmus falcatus (sum of the five species is 72.57% of total cell count). The dominant species of biomass of phytoplankton are Tabellaria fenestriata, Lyngbya limnetica, Diatoma vulagare, Navicula radiosa and Penium planum (rate of biomass of Tabellaria fenestriata is 50.53% of total quantity). The water in the area has also 33 species of zooplankton including 10 species of protozoa, 15 species of rotifers, 5 species of cladocerans and 3 species of copepoda. The dominant species of zooplankton in quantity and biomass is Brachionus diversicornis (2.563mg/I), Trichocerca longiseta (0.313mg/I) and Brachionus calyciflorus (0.110mg/I). Besides these dominant species, other common species are Trichocerca elongata, Ascomorpha saltans, Filinia longiseta, Aspplanchna sp., Keratella cochlearis, Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Moina macrocopa, Sinocalanus sp. and Mesocyclops leuckarti. The river section (near the two sampling points of Zhangxi Yinxi bridge and Tashan Weir) are predominantly gravels and coarse sand sub-stratum. Due to the effects of the river weir Tashan a certain area of dermarsal sediments exists. Zoobenthos is mainly composed of oligosaccharide annelida (0.263g/m2). Other river sections mainly have some species adaptive to the life of mountain streams. Common species are aquatic insects Epeofis curvatalus, Thermicns sp, Psephenidae, Culicielae and snails Ballamya aeruginosa, Semisulcospira cancellata and Radix swinhoei, etc. In addition, some small crustaceans are distributed in the upper stream sections: Caridina denticulate, Rana nigomaculata, Natxix natrix, and in the river sections in the middle and lower reaches are big economic crustacean Macrobrachium nipponensis and Eriochair sinensis. Due to the predominance of gravel and coarse sand substratum near Zhangxi Yinxi Bridge, aquatic higher plant is very rare. The river sections near Tashan Weir have a relatively uniform submerged plant community Vallisneria spiralis and average biomass is 4.6kg/M2. On the two banks are such common species: altemanthera philoxeroidesw, lemna. paucicostata, potamogeton maackianus.
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According to data accumulated in the last 20 years, Yinjiang river as 44 species of fish and ichthyofauna whose composition belongs to intermediate type gradually moving from Jianghuai subregion in East China region to Zhemin subregion in South China region. The main commercial fishes are silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, carp, crucian carp, eel, rice field eel, catfish, white fish etc. Other common fishes are opsariichthys bidens, stone moroko, abbottina rivularus, loach, snakehead mullet, goby etc. The river sections in the upper reaches of Tashan Weir in Yinjiang river (Zhangxi river) have no important commercial fishes and common fish are small, such as acrossocheilus, Chinese spined loach, goby, bitterling and stone moroko. In conclusion, the aquatic biological resources are lacking in Zhangxi river. There is no rare species, migratory fish, spawning site and fishery resources of economic scale. In addition, most animals have short life cycle and early sexual maturity, they can be quickly restored.
3.1.3. SOCIAL SETTING
3.1.3.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
Ningbo consists of 2 counties of Xiangshan and Ninghai, 3 prefectural cities of Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua and 6 districts of Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Zhenhai, Beilun and Yinzhou. The total area of the administrative region covers 9,365km2, in which, 2,560km2 is the urban area. The total population is 5,490,000, in which there are 1,940,000 actual residents in the scope of urban planning. The actual residential population within the current built-up area of the central city is 1,204,5000. The total population of Yinzhou district is 730,000. Ningbo is the important industrial base and the 'window" for foreign trade to Zhejiang province as well as the production center of grain, cotton, oil, economic speciality products and aquatic products. Ningbo's GDP in year 2003 reached 176.9 billion RMB with an increase of 15.3% over the previous year. The total financial revenue in year 2003 grew to 33 billion RMB with an increase of 25.9%, the total general budgeted revenue climbed to 32.5 billion RMB with an increase of 25.8%. By adjustment to the agricultural structure, Ningbo has altered the ratio of food crops versus economic crops from 45/55 last year to 40/60. The planting area of the economic crops, including vegetables and flowers, has largely increased. The city agricultural added value now achieves 11.2 billion RMB with an increase of 4% over the previous year. Owing to improved operational efficiency within the industrial economy, the city industrial added value reached 91.01 billion RMB in 2003 with an increase of 18% over the previous year. The total sales output of large industrial enterprises reached 258.22 billion RMB, an increase of 29.4% over 2002; and the profit payments and tax turnover totalled 31.85 billion RMB. The score from 11 evaluation indicators for economic performance ranked Ningbo as the top city in Zhejiang province. The per capita consumption expenditure of urban dwellers climbed to 10,463RMB with an increase of 11.3%, the per capita consumption expenditure of the rural population is 5,194RMB with an increase of 15.2%. The emphasis of the entire social consumption has a tendency to focus on house, automobile and telecommunication devices.
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3.1.3.2. WATER SUPPLY AND MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE SITUATION AND PLANNING
The responsibility for water supply in central Ningbo City and urban areas of Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Beilun and Zhenhai districts as well as some places in the central area of Yinzhou District is undertaken by Ningbo Water Supply Company. There are currently 5 water treatment works with a total water supply capacity of 820,000m3 /d. In 2003, water was supplied to a population of 1,265,000, with an annual total water supply quantity of 264,500,000m . Water supply in 2003 increased over the previous year and maximum daily water supply reached 861,OOOm /d (5% more than designed water production capacity of water works: 820,000m3/d). It is apparent that the capacity of supply can no longer meet demand and quality, supply standards and management capacity are in jeopardy.
TABLE 7: BASIC SITUATIONS OF WATER SUPPLY CAPACITY
Name of Location of Designed Water sources and water waterworks water works (madc quality Reservoir, Class 11; JiategdorksJiangdong JiangdongDiasgdong 350,000 YinxiHengshan River Network (Nantang River), Class III South Haishu Suburb District 200,000 Shan River Class l-ll Waterworks Waterworks District 100,000 Yao River Class III-IV Cicheng Jiangbei 20,000 Yingxiong Reservoir Class II Waterworks District Beilun District 150,000 Hengshan Reservoir Class II Total 820,000
Except the central area of Yinzhou District, where some places receive water supply from Ningbo Water Supply Company due to adjacency to Ningbo urban area, other areas and villages and towns receive water supply from Yinzhou Central Area Water Supply Company (Central Area Water Works) and water works in respective villages and towns. According to site survey and related statistical data, currently Yinzhou District has 32 waterworks at the level of villages and small towns with total capacity of 465,500m3 /d and a supplied population of 730,000. Statistics show that average daily water supply in 2003 amounted to 263,000m3/d. Twenty of the thirty-two water works abstract water from the river network providing 77% of total water supply capacity.
Water supply of the built-up areas in Zhenhai District and Beilun District is the responsibility of Ningbo Water Supply Company, but some places in villages and towns are still supplied by small water works. According to statistics, Zhenhai District and Beilun District have 14 water works at the level of villages and towns at present with a total design capacity of 102,700m3 /d and actual water supply amounting to 90,000m /d.
Due to historical and managerial system reasons as well as city water supply capacity and water supply limitations, some industrial enterprises have built their own water sources and water works. These tend to be concentrated in Zhenhai and Beilun districts with the total number being several dozens and total water supply of approximately 460,000m3 /d.
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City water supply shall be first considered and arranged to ensure that high quality Class I-Il water sources will be used for city water supply. At the same time, several alternative (back-up) reservoirs will be identified as emergency water sources for the city water supply. It is thus necessary to change from the single water source concept (one water system, one reservoir) supplying water to the city and adopt multi-reservoir inter-connections to strengthen the water supplies and provide for optimal resourcing. Maximum use will be made of Class IlIl and IV water sources from Yaojiang river and Yindongjiang river network and Fenghuajiang river water system to supply industrial water works and dedicated industrial water mains will be laid to large-scale industries and industrial zones and to supply water for fire fighting, municipal engineering, gardening and environmental sanitation. According to the city masterplan, the water supely capacity (maximum daily water supply amount) to be developed for Ningbo City is: 2,000,000m /d by 2006, 2,600,OOOm3/d by 2010 and 3,O0O,000m3/d by 2020.
TABLE 8: PLANNED WATER SUPPLY CAPACITY INNINGBO 2006 2010 2020 Waterworks Domestic and Industrial Domestic and Industrial Domestic and Industrial drinking water water drinking water water drinking water water Jiangdong 250,000 250,000 200,000 Waterworks South Suburb 200,000 150,000 - Waterworks Beilun 300,000 300,000 300,000 Waterworks Dongqian Lake 500,000 500,000 500,000 Waterworks Maojiaoping 250,000 - 500,000 - 500,000 - Waterworks Yaojiang Industrial - 500,000 - 500,000 - 500,000 Waterworks Yindong Industrial - 250,000 - 250,000 Waterworks Beidu Industrial - - - 150,000 500,000 150,000 Waterworks Total 1,500,000 500,000 1,700,000 900,000 2,000,000 1,000,000
The central urban area of Ningbo city is served by a separate drainage system. Rainwater is discharged into nearby Sanjiang river and sewage is discharged to the wastewater treatment plants already completed or under planning and construction (discharged to rivers in the near term). By the end of 2003, the total length of wastewater pipe in the central urban area exceeded 1,200km and total discharge of wastewater was approximately 550,000m3/d. At present, the central urban area has three wastewater treatment plants with a total treatment capacity of 200,000m3/d. In addition, the central urban area has the treatment capacity of 123,000m3/d provided by enterprises. According to the planning of Ningbo City, total wastewater quantity of the central city will be 1,900,000m3/d by 2010 (including 1,200,000m3/d urban wastewater and 700,000m3/d large scaled industrial wastewater) and 2,210,000m3/d by 2020 (including 1,410,000m3/d urban wastewater and 800,000m3/d large scaled industrial wastewater). Urban wastewater is centrally treated according to area and the designed capacity is based on the long-range planning. Improved standards are anticipated in the long-term by the use of tertiary treatment.
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TABLE 9: PLANNED WASTEWATER TREATMENT CAPCITY IN NINGBO IN2020 Design Area Name Service scope capacity (m3/d) Jiangdongbei Wastewater Treatment Scientific industrial Park, Jiangdongbei area, 200,000 Plant Jiangbei area, part of Haishui area Jiangdongnan Area Wastewater Jiangdongnan area, part of Haishu, central 400,000 Treatment Plant area of Yinzhou Sanjiang Plant North of Yongjiang, part of Zhenhai area 500,000
Yinxi Wastewater Treatment Plant West area 350,000 Jiangnan Wastewater Treatment East of Sanjiang and Dongqian Lake region 250,000 Plant Zhenhai Houhaitang Wastewater Treatment Zhenhai area 100,000 area plant Xiaogang Wastewater Treatment Xiaogang, economic and technical 40,000 Plant development zone Yanxi Wastewater Treatment Plant Gaotang area 400,000 Beilun Yandong Wastewater Treatment Xinqi, Daiqi 240,000 area Plant Baifeng Wastewater Treatment Plant Baifeng, Guoju 120,000 Daxie Wastewater Treatment Plant Daxie Island 150,000 Wastewater treatment total capacity 2,700,000 Estimated wastewater quantity to treatment 2,210,000
FIGURE 14: WATER SUPPLY AND MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE SITUATION INNINGBO (NWSP)
+~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 10OO. *. ..~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~B", ,: X Me,,n W.,.,
_0(oooom , (300.0:,,, , * , - 1. 000,n) . - "' ' ~~~~~~~J.angdonqWTW.
'I. - "MaojiapngWTW_ . -/ .500000," Be,d. Wi..,
-', .0.e 0'. . Dongq.an lake WTW 7 .,' '' 00.000,''
SOGREAH-JCA - 1350117 R3 2 - FINAL PAGE33 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
3.1.3.3. QUALITY OF LIFE
Since China's reform and open door policies, the rapid economic development and consistent increase of people's living standard, urban life has achieved the standard of being moderately well off. Research shows that, in 2003, gross domestic product of the whole city was 176.99 billion RMB, 15.3% more than the previous year; total financial revenue was 33 billion RMB and the average annual income per capita in the town reached 14,277RMB, an increase of 10.1% compared with the previous year. The rural average annual income per capita was 6,22IRMB, an increase of 7.9% compared with the previous year. In 2003 the city demolished, relocated and rebuilt 469,000m2 non-apartment houses in the three districts and renovated 16 old residential quarters. The city built 340,000m2 of affordable apartments and allocated low-rent apartments to 504 households. A total of 1,984 households benefited. During the year, 31,000 unemployed people were trained, 130,000 work posts were created and 61,500 unemployed people were helped to find jobs. The city's registered unemployment rate was 4.0% at the end of 2003 and the city has been listed as one of the cities with easiest employment in the country. New system of medical insurance for urban workers has been comprehensively implemented. A new system for rural cooperative medical care has been started in pilot areas. The social security system is continuously improved. Aid-the-poor development has achieved goals with 100 economically weak villages having gained improved incomes. In the urban area of Ningbo, there are established environmental hygiene organizations and work teams in place to achieve the complete collection of domestic wastes. Simple treatment of domestic wastes has reached 90%.
3.1.3.4. CULTURAL HERITAGE
Ningbo is a well-known cultural city with a long history. Historical sites include "Tianyige" (the longest historical library building), Baoguosi temple (which is a wooden structure building of Song dynast), the birthplace of the "Neolithic Hemudu Culture" (showing the matriarchal clan society dating back more than 7,000 years), the memorial site of Yueyao kiln in Shanglinhu lake, Tashanyan dam (Tashan Weir, which is an ancient water resource project with long history), Tiantongshi and Ayuwangsi temples, as well as the landscape area of Xikou of Fenghua. Tashan weir is situated at the outlet of Zhangxi river beside Tashan mountain in the west approach to Yinzhou town (Yinzhou district) and is collectively called, together with Zhengguao Channel, Ling Channel and Dujiang weirs, four major ancient chinese hydro-projects. It was declared a national key cultural relic protected site in 1988 and was chosen as one of the ten scenic spots in Ningbo city in 1994.
3.1.3.5. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES
Located on the eastern end of Ningshao plain, Ningbo has fertile lands and has a natural basis for developing agriculture. With the title of "a land flowing with milk and honey", it has a well developed agriculture base, is the major growing area for grain, cotton, oil and aquatic products and produces a lot of speciality products such as peach, orange, myrica rubra and chinese iris.
SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE34 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
This project will involve the requisition of 213mu of collectively-owned land including 200mu for Maojiaping WTW and 13mu for tunnel access. Land acquisition directly affects 83 households and 291 people. In Yinzhou district, three villages are involved in Yinjiang town (Daoqiao village, Meixi village and Jiaao village) and three villages in Zhangshui town (Miyang village, Zhang village and Zhengjia village). Land requisition will affect 183mu of forest land contracted by farmers and 30mu of orchard in Meixi village planted by the Yongxing Group.
This project also temporarily occupies a land area of 1,561.32mu including temporary occupation of 556.32mu collectively-owned land (77.32mu forest land, 459mu paddy field and 20mu fritillary land) and 1,005mu of government property, mainly being green belt along one side of the road (955mu). It temporarily affects 189 households and 573 people, spread over four towns (Yinjiang town, Zhangshui town, Gulin town and Hengjie town) in Yinzhou district and ten villages.
This project will affect one enterprise, Ningbo Fumao Machinery Co. Ltd, located in the extension of Airport Road but will not involve house demolition and relocation. It only affects some auxiliary facilities including 70m enclosing wall and 200m2 green lands other than normal production and operation activities of this enterprise.
3.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT AREA
3.2.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING
3.2.1.1. GEOGRAPHY
Cixi city, an eastern coastal city of Zhejiang Province, stands in the north of Ningshao plain and the south of Hangzhou Bay, with east longitude 121°02'-121°42'and north latitude 30°02'-30o24'. Cixi adjoins Hangzhou Bay in the north, Zhenhai and Jiangbei districts of Ningbo city in the southeast, and Yuyao city in the southwest. The city is in a developed coastal region. It spreads 53.3km from east to west and 31.3km from north to south, with the total area of 1,717.6km2 . Among the land area, plains cover 796.5km2 accounting for 82.7% of the total land area; hill areas cover 166.8km2, accounting for 17.3%. The shoreline is 77.56km in length. The city's government sits in Hushan town, slightly west of the city center, and right on the 329 National Road that is 15 km south of Hangzhou Bay.
The general topographical feature of the city is that land drops from southwest to northeast with a gradient of between 0.1 and 1%. Low hills along the south belong to the extended ranges of Siming Mountains. In the north, a few hills are scattered on the flat plain. The altitude of the plain is: 5.3 to 6.3m above YSD in the west, 5.0 to 5.5m AYSD in the center, and 3.6 to 4.3m AYSD in the east. The north limit is a crescent shaped shoreline of Hangzhou Bay. The inter-tidal beach area is narrower in the east and wider to the west.
3.2.1.2. CLIMATE
Located at the south edge of the tropical zone in North Asia, Cixi features a monsoon climate. The seasons are distinctive but not equally divided; winter and summer last slightly longer, and spring and autumn are shorter. The climate is mild and humid, with abundant rainfall. Air temperature varies slightly and the annual average is 16.1°C. It reaches the lowest in January, and the long- term annual average is 4.0°C. Highest temperature occurs in July, and the long-term annual average for July is 28.20C. The extreme recorded temperatures are -9.3°C and +39.10C. Average temperatures are similar for plain areas, but slightly higher in the salt fields of the immediate coastal area, where its daily and annual temperature changes are greater.
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3 Long-term average annuat rainfall is 1,343.9mm. Average annual runoff is 512,200,000 m , with the quantity per capita being only 512m3, accounting for 24% of that for Zhejiang province. Because the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall is uneven and absorbsion capacity of the ground surface is inadequate, a large amount of runoff is drained north into the sea during the rain season. Drier years (defined as a year with less than 1,000mm of rainfall) count for 15%; and wetter years (defined as a year with much than 1,500mm of rainfall) count for 17.6%. Statistically, a severe drought and a severe flood occur on a decennial basis. Rainfall is distributes unevenly during the year, occurring mainly in spring, autumn and June. Precipitation reaches its peak in September, and the monthly average is 172.4mm, accounting for 14% of the whole-year rainfall, with a highest record of 468.3mm. Cloudy and rainy weathers are prevalent during the so-called Plum Rain Season (June). Regionally precipitation increases with the rise in altitude. Northwest and north winds prevail in winter, and east and southeast winds in summer. Shift from spring to summer occurs a little earlier and autumn changes to winter later. East winds dominate throughout the year. Annual average wind speed is 2.96m/s. Significant typhoons impact 1 or 2 times per year. Annual relative humidity is 78 to 83% in this region, which is relatively moist. Affected by subtropical anticyclones, air temperature is high in summer, but relative humidity is not high enough despite the plentiful moisture. Generally, maximal relative humidity is in June, up to 84%. Relative humidity reaches its minimum in winter and median in spring. Annual average evaporation rate is 1448.3mm, reaching its maximum in July and August, higher than the precipitation by 32% and 43% respectively.
3.2.1.3. HYDROLOGY
Canals network Cixi is within the catchment of Yaojiang river; however the area of Cixi that actually drains to the Yaojiang accounts for less than 19% of the total. Mostly storm run-off is to the canal system. The majority of Cixi's longitudinal canals form a drainage system that flows north into Hangzhou Bay: it is also called North Drainage System. The average water depth of the canals is 1.2-1.4m. Water in the canals is primarily used for agricultural and urban landscaping purposes. During the rain season, water is mainly drained into the sea. According to the city's topographical features and canal layout, four river districts are recognized. These are: Northwest river district, West river district, Center river district and East river district. All the canals are self-adjusted except those of the West river district and one small canal in the Central river district (Shiyan canal) that is controlled and adjusted by Yaojiang river. Most of the existing canals in Cixi city have relatively small flows. In particular the streams in the city's and the towns' downtown districts are 10-40m wide. Although the canals intersect to form a grid, there is not a good transfer of flow. The canals are isolated between the four districts such that flow cannot transfer. In terms of the water flow direction, the longitudinal streams mostly flow to the north, which is influenced by the local topography that is higher in the south and lower in the north. However, the level of the canal beds do not vary dramatically, thus the mobility of the water flow is not high. The latitudinal canals are influenced by the local landform that is higher in the center and lower in both the east and the west, resulted in the features of the water flows that flow eastwards in East river district and westwards in West river district.
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There are some major problems facing the aquatic environment of the canal network in Cixi City. There is no main canal passing through the territory of the city; the canals are small in size and lack capacity. As a result, water storage is limited and, if there is no transferred flow, the canals become stagnant. Normally when the gates are locked, water flow is so low that it is hard to measure. Only during the time of agricultural water abstraction or flood drainage in the rainy season can flow occur in some canal sections. Consequently, the routine monitoring data of Cixi Hydrological Station has only rainfall and water level parameters. One of the features of the canals in Cixi is that every stream flowing into the sea has a sea gate at the estuary. There are in total 31 sea gates. However due to the small sizes of the sea gates and the siltation of the beaches, only 14 of them are now functioning. In a present program to upgrade the trunk canal network in the city, it is planned to build around 10 new sea gates on the 11 longitudinal trunk rivers, (for example, Shitangheng sea gate at Luzhong bay and Shitangheng sea gate at Danshuihong), to increase the total flood drainage capacity. With a normal water level, the total length of all canals in the city is 5,400km and the storage volume is 37,960,00Gm3. The total incoming water used annually from the canals is 92,210,000m .
TABLE 10: ESTIMATED EXISTING WATER STORAGE VOLUME OF THE CANALS INCIXI CITY Total length Total area Present water quantity River district (km) (km2) (m3)
East river district 127.73 2.62 4,989,800
CenterCenter River 46.90 1.16 2,119,200 district
West River West river 134.8 3.80 8,575,000 district
Total 309.5 7.59 15,683,900
Reservoir As a means of retaining water reserves, reservoirs in the south hills supply water to the East and Central river districts, providing for industrial, agricultural and landscaping uses throughout the city. Beach reservoirs are constructed in Central and West river districts for industrial and agricultural uses. Four medium-sized reservoirs, 13 small-sized Type I reservoirs, 6 small-sized Type II reservoirs, and 128 mountain dams are constructed throughout the city, making up a total reservoir capacity of 142,000,000m3. The usable capacity of reservoirs is designed at 116,500,000m3. Among the above-mentioned reservoirs, the nearest from the two proposed WvvTPs are Jiaohu and Donger reservoirs. Neither is connected to the canal system into which the final effluent will be discharged. Groundwater Cixi City lacks groundwater resources. Natural total groundwater is estimated at 40,560,000m3/year (17,760,000m3/year in bedrock hilly area and 22,800,000m3/year inplain area) although the usable groundwater is merely 7,820,000m3/year, with less than 100,000m /year having been exploited at present. Groundwater accounts for 6.2% of the average annual water resource. Basic groundwater types include static groundwater, artesian water, interstitial water and bedrock crevice water. The plain groundwater is mainly saline or brackish water and has low beneficial value.
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FIGURE15: RivERS AND RESERVOIRSIN THECWP AltEA
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SOGSEAH4CA-1350117.R32-FINAL~ ~ ~ ~ ,.'e EAGE3 RIVERY00 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT
3.2.1.4. OCEAN HYDROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
The average water depth in Hangzhou Bay is 8 to 10m. Influenced by the trumpet-shape of Hangzhou Bay (exit of Qiantang river), the tidal range is higher in the west and lower in the east. Great northwest-to-northeast waves are frequent near shore throughout the year. Tidal currents lead to beach siltation while wind and waves lead to beach erosion. The sea area in the city is 342.34km2 and belongs to the sheltered section of the main water body of Hangzhou Bay, where the water is shallow with high sediment concentration and lower salt content compared to that in the open sea. The tidal levels vary along the Cixi coastline, being 3 times higher to the east at the mouth of the bay. Monitoring data records high tide level at Xisan sea gate Im higher than that at Sizaopu sea gate. The average tidal range at Zhenhai station in the south bank of the start of the bay is 1.73m, but it increases to 5.38m at Xisan station. The duration of falling tide is usually longer than that of rising tide. The duration of rising tide is about 6 hours, and the duration of falling tide is about 6.4 hours. The direction of current is influenced by the topography and varies at different parts of the shore. Statistics and analysis of the hydrological data monitored at Xisanchaogou and nearby sea areas in March 2000 tells that, in the frontage deepwater area at Andong beach, the average maximum vertical speeds of rising and falling tide currents are 3.01 m/s and 2.48m/s respectively.
3.2.1.5. BEACHES CHARACTERISTICS
Natural Accretion The beach and shallow water area from the shoreline to the Yellow Sea Datum covers 409.95km2, and the shoreline is 77.56km in length. This is the largest beach in the province. In general, the shallow-water beach in Andong is stable and it is favourable for the reclamation. The eastern beach is relatively stable and the central beach is also stable and is expanding. * Andona Shallow Beach in Cixi: the beach continues to expand due to accretion. The beach from Xisan sea gate to Haiwangshan is known as Andong Shallow Beach. Historically this beach line has varied but overall it tends to expand. In the last 600 years the shoreline has expanded toward the sea by 15.5km, equivalently 15 to 70m a year. In the past 40 years, the area of Andong Shallow Beach has expanded by 151.5km . In the first 20 years, the area had been expanding by 3.2km2 a year; in the later 20 years it had been expanding by 4.4km2 a year; and the eastern and central parts of the beach had been expanding faster than the western part. Results of analysis of the survey map in March 1998 suggest that, the area above low tide level from Xisan to Longshan in Cixi covers 550,000 to 600,000mu, and is the largest piece of beach area in Zhejiang Province. * Eastern Beach area in Cixi: Eastern Beach area in Cixi city is from Jiutang sea gate in Xinpu to Niluoshan in Xiepu (in Zenhai). In the past 30 years, Haiwangshan beach has been continuously expanding, because the accretion of Andong Beach shifts its highest top point eastwards. Souther, Longshan beach has also been expanding by 1 to 2km. However, affected by Longshan hill, the shifted distance is not big and the shoreline is relatively stable. * Central and western beach areas in Cixi: The central and western beach areas in Cixi start from Simen reservoir in the west and end at Sizaopu sea gate. The shoreline is 26km in length. The central beach area is stable. But, affected by Xisanchaogou, the western beach features radical erosion and siltation shifts.
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Foreshore Reclamation According to Ningbo city's master planning of beach reclamation and Cixi city's plan of integrated beach development (1997-2010), the area for reclamation is planned from Huangjiabu town in Yuyao to Niluoshan of Xiepu in Zhenhai. The whole area for land reclaiming is 416.7km2, and the area above average tidal level is 141km2. The short-term objective of this plan is to enclose 60,000mu of beach area in 1997-2000, including 20,000mu at Longshan, 30,000mu at the west of Xizaopu and 10,000mu at Danshuihong. The long-term objective is to enclose 200,000mu of beach area by 2010, and by exploiting and developing the beach area to form an agricultural production base supporting grain and cotton cropping, livestock and fishing, to establish a heavy industry and chemical industry base, and to develop it into a coastal tourism attraction. This planning lists the reclamation of Danshuihong into the plan in 2001-2010. The proposed area to be reclaimed at 2 Danshuihong is 21,600mu (14,4km2) and the farmland to be reclaimed is 15,400mu (10,3km ). This plan is being implemented at the present.
FIGURE 16: EVOLUTION OF THE COASTAL LIMIT INTHE CIXI PROJECT AREA
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3.2.1.6. WATER QUALITY
Canals network Canals are mostly narrow with limited water reserves, low flows and no self-cleaning velocities. No large rivers cross the city. There is no complete sewerage system in the towns and all domestic and industrial wastewaters discharge directly into the canals. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture production enter the canal system during the rainy season. These are the primary causes of water pollution in the canal network. National, provincial and city-level monitoring points have been established on the canal network. Routine monitoring results in 2002 indicate that, according to 'Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards" (GB3838-2002), primary pollutants are total phosphor, chemical oxygen demanded (CODMn), biological oxygen demanded (BOD 5) and ammonia nitrogen. Monitoring results for dryer, neutral and wetter seasons in 2003 reflect that the situation of pollution has not been improved.
TABLE 11: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION FOR THE CANALS NETWORK OF CIXI Name of Water River Indicator used for Target of m onitoring quality district classification function station classification Zhengjiapu V Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus East Taiping Sea Gate Over V Ammonia nitrogen, total River phosphorus district Zhenlongpu Over V Ammonia nitrogen III Danshuihong Over V Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus ______Biological oxygen demanded Sizaopu Over V for five days, total IV phosphorus Biological oxygen demanded Shuiyunpu Over V for five days, total III phosphorus Biological oxygen demanded Center Kuangyan Over V for five days, total III CenterKuangyan Over V phosphorus, Ammonia River nitrogen district Shiyan V Ammonia nitrogen III Biological oxygen demanded Henghe Over V for five days, total III phosphorus Index of permanganate salt, East Hushan IV biological oxygen demanded IV Town for five days, total phosphorus, CODMn Biological oxygen demanded Xisan Over V for five days, total IV phosphorus West Biological oxygen demanded
district Zhouxiang Over V for five days, total IV phosphor, ammonia nitrogen Andong Over V Ammonia nitrogen, total IV phosphorus Beach reservoir Xizaopu reservoir IV Total phosphorus
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FIGURE 17: WATER QUALrTY INTHE CWP AREA
cm ChaO river t;tan
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= Class I XSha Class 111 X ^ Shoyel srv i -tZA Class IV r relr o A V Classw> Class V,U,%}}t 0Me~h~u Cnangx in lke'
The lengths of canal directly affected by discharges from the existing and proposed WWTPs include Danshuihong (near Eastern WVVWTP), Shitangheng river and Luzhong bay (near Northem WWTP) and Jiutangheng river (receiving the discharge from the existing Jiaochangshan VWVTP). The following parameters were monitored for three consecutive days (from 1 to 3 September 2004) in these sections of canal: temperature, water depth, river width, pH, DO, CODMn, CODCr, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphate. Assessment of the monitoring results suggests that the water quality is in general better than the routine monitored results of the canals network in the urban areas of the city. However, levels of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphate were over the standards. Cixi Environmental Protection Bureau has monitored industrial wastewater discharges and treatment data. Most industries have their own wastewater treatment facility and the monitoring shows that discharges of effluent meet the Class I standard (GB8978-1996) or industry's Class I sewage discharge limit. Only a minority of corporations in the old district in Hushan Street discharge their industrial sewage into the existing Jiaochangshan WWTP for centralized treatment. Statistics results of industrial sewage discharge (via either individual or centralized WWTP) show that total quantity of industrial sewage discharge from various types of industries in Cixi in 2002 was 29,767,176t including the quantity of industrial sewage treated in Jiaochangshan WWTP (1,842,913t, accounting 6.19% of the total) and the quantity of industrial sewage treated by the sewage treatment facilities established in the respective industries (27,924,263t, accounting for 93.8% of the total).
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Reservoirs In Cixi city there are 10 large reservoirs used as sources of drinking water for the residents. These reservoirs are all remote from the sites of the WWTP and the route of the sewage pipelines of this project. Statistics of water quality of the reservoirs are calculated from the perspective of regional water resource balance and pollution prevention. Results indicate that the water quality of the reservoirs generally meets the requirement of the function zoning of the water areas. However it should be noted that, even as the source of drinking water, all the 10 reservoirs are in a medium nutrient-rich state. Organic pollution is a major factor affecting the water quality of the reservoirs.
TABLE 12: STATISTICS OF WATER QUALITY OF MAJOR DRINKING WATER SOURCES INCIXI IN2002 Location of drinking Rate of reaching No. Over-standard item water source standard 1 Shaoao Reservoir No 100% 2 Mei Lake No 100% 3 Lizao Lake No 100% 4 Shanglin Lake No 100% 5 Waidu Lake No 100% 6 Ling Lake No 100% 7 Jiao Lake No 100% 8 Fengpu Lake No 100% 9 Changxi Reservoir No 100% 10 Baiyang Lake No 100% Note: Refers to that the water quality of a reservoir must meet the Sanitary Requirementfor Living and Drinking Water and Type III standard regulated in Environmental Quality Standardfor Surface Water (GB3838-2002).
Seawater From 4 to 16 March 2004, eight nearshore monitoring points were set up near the sea gates proposed for construction at Sizaopu, Shuiyunpu, Banjuepu, Zhengjiapu and Xujiapu. Seven seawater quality monitoring parameters were included: pH, DO, CODMn, oils, inorganic nitrogen, active phosphates and SS. Analysis of the resulted from both high and low tides indicates that values of DO, CODMn and oils met Type I standard; pH values met Type II standard; inorganic nitrogen and active phosphates exceeded Type IV standard. This suggests that the assessed near-shore areas are nutrient-rich. Sampling data was obtained in December 2001 at the eight monitoring spots during an extreme tide cycle. Methods regulated in the "Specifications of Marine Monitoring" (GB17378-1998) and the "Specification for Marine Survey" (GB12763-91) were followed during the monitoring and analysis processes. According to Type II deposition quality assessment classified in "Quality Standard for Marine Deposition", levels of Lead and Chrome were analyzed. With regard to the monitoring results, the concentration levels of Lead (maximum value 16.2mg/kg) and Chrome (maximum value 65.4mg/kg) in the sampling points met the standard (130mg/kg and 120mg/kg respectively).
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3.2.1.7. AIR QUALITY
An air monitoring assessment was performed from 4 to 8 September 2004 to analyze the main air pollutants (NH3, H2S and odors). The ambient air concentration levels were monitored at the sites of the two futures WWTP, the sites of four pump stations and the existing Jiaochangshan VvVvTP. Monitoring results of the present odorous pollutants in the ambient atmospheric environment suggest that, with merely one exception of the occurrence of slightly over-standard concentration level of odours at the southeast boundary of VWvTP in the morning of September 6th, almost all the monitoring points had odours of concentration levels that were lower than the standard value of the maximum limit permitted in an odorous environment. This indicates that the ambient air quality of the odorous environment in the assessed area is relatively good.
3.2.1.8. ACCOUSTIC QUALITY
A monitoring survey was set up (31 October 2004) at 10 different places (one time per day and per night) for the evaluation the environmental noise levels in day (8:00-22:00) and night (after 22:00), such as the boundaries of the two futures WWTP, the boundaries of four futures pump stations sites, the environmental sensitive points during the construction period of the pipeline route. Monitoring results indicate that the sites of the Northern and Eastern WWTP generally are not affected by man-made noise sources. The existing situation of the equivalent continuous A- weighted sound pressure levels at both daytime and night-time meets Type IlIl regional environmental noise standard. In particular, the highest values of daytime noises were monitored between 41.8 - 52.4dB(A); and the lowest values were between 36.1 - 41.0dB(A). The highest values of daytime noises were monitored between 46.5 - 51.0dB(A); and the lowest values were between 40.7- 41.7dB(A). The existing condition of the environmental noises is relatively good. Monitoring results of the noise levels at the boundaries of the pump stations that are close to the sensitive points indicate that: * Being influenced by the traffic and other social noises, night-time noises at Sanbei 4# pump station (located at Type I environmental noise zone) exceeded the standard limit by 0.4dB(A); the monitored daytime noise level was 52.9dB(A), meeting Type I noise standard. * Being influenced by trafic noises, daytime noises at the roadside monitoring point at Xiaolin 4# pump station exceeded the standard limit by 10.5dB(A) (over 19.1%); night- time noise level was 44.1dB(A), close to Type I noise standard 45dB(A). * Noise levels at the east of the residential building near Xiaolin 4# pump station also met the noise standard for Type I function zone, but the difference with the standard was merely 1dB(A). * Monitoring results of both daytime and nighttime noises at other monitoring points all reached the reletive standards of environmental noises. Monitoring was also conducted at Sanbei Secondary School in Sanbei Town and Chongshou Secondary School in Chongshou Town (in Type I functional zone) and the residential area in Xiaolin Town (in Type IV functional zone). Results indicate that, during the day, the residential area in Xiaolin Town was substantially influenced by the road traffic, and the noise level reached 53.4dB(A). At other monitoring points, the daytime noise levels were all lower than 5OdB(A), and the night-time noise level were all lower than 45dB(A), meeting the relative environmental noise standards.
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3.2.1.9. SLUDGE QUALITY
One sampling point was set up at Jiaochangshan WWTP after sludge had been dewatered and a further two sampling points were set up at the sludge landfill unit and the leachate tank respectively in Cixi city's west landfill. The following indicators were analysed: Copper, Lead, Chrome, Nickel and Zinc. The results are: * According to the pollutant control standard for sludge of agricultural uses, for heavy metals in the sludge sample, only Zinc was over the control standard, and the over- standard ratio is 0.56. Lead, Nickel and Chrome were all within the control standard. * Assessed with Class IlIl environmental quality standard for soil (soil's threshold value to safeguard normal agricultural and forestry production and normal growth of plants), the solid waste samples in the enclosed sludge disposal unit in the landfill all met the requirements. * Heavy metal concentrations in the liquid extract from the sludge sample and the solid waste sample all met the control standard for the disposal of hazardous wastes. * Compared with the control standard for the disposal of hazardous wastes, metal concentrations in the leachate sample were all lower than the control standard.
To summarize the above assessment results, in the assessed areas, the total metal concentrations in the sludge and the solid wastes in landfill sludge disposal unit and the liquid extract were all low. Indicators were all far lower than relevant standard limits, except the concentration of Zinc which exceeding the standard requirement for sludge of agricultural uses. This suggests that if the present sludge is to be used in agriculture, measures should be taken to reduce concentration levels of Zinc. Metal concentration level in the existing sludge in landfill is much lower than the control standard for the disposal of hazardous substances, suggesting that the present sludge disposal approach does not pose any metal pollution risks.
3.2.2. BIOLOGICAL SETTING
3.2.2.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
Vegetation
Vegetation in Cixi is classified into three types in the forestry regional planning, including hill, plain and coast vegetation types. Hills in Cixi are quite low. The composition of hill vegetation is relatively simple, and is usually classified into broad-leaved forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and planted vegetation. In hill areas mainly tea, bamboo and waxberries are planted. Plain vegetation is mostly cultivated crops, primarily cotton, rice, canola, fruit trees and vegetables. The near-shore beach contains mainly saline vegetation.
According to results of the ecological surveys conducted since 2000 for Hangzhou Bay new district development project and Danshuihong beach reclamation project, the sites of the two WWTPs feature beach vegetation as their major terrestrial vegetation.
Vegetation along the near-shore and canal banks comprise communities of Scirpus planiculmis on beaches; communities of Aelurop uslittoralis and reed appear gradually toward the inland; further inland, communities of Zoysia japonica, Setaria (Lalang) and Imperata cylinadrica grow. Shrubs also appear, such as Lespedeza and macartney rose. Herbal communities gradually change into wood communities away from the beach area. If the beach area is dry, then Suaeda glauca appears first, accompanied by communities of Erigeron sp. and Melilotus officinalls Der, and followed by communities of Imperata cylinadrica and Miscanthus floridulu.
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* Community of Scirpus planiculmis: This plant community is typical in wet beach areas, and always occurs as a mono-species dominant community. Communities of Aelurop uslittoralis and reed can also be seen. These spots of communities always appear at the beaches above the tide, whose soil is relatively dry. The coverage of Aelurop uslittoralis is 30%; the coverage of reed is 30%; and the coverage of Scirpus planiculmis is around 40%. * Community of Suaeda glauca: This community always grow in relatively dry beaches with high salinity level. Suaeda glauca thrives near salt field or land that used to be salt field. For instance, large pieces of Suaeda glauca grow at a beach area that is adjacent to the hovercraft dock. At one of the spots, the coverage of Suaeda glauca reaches 70% in an area of 2,000m2, and some Salicornia europaea and reed also grow occasionally. At another beach area on the hovercraft dock profile, the coverage of Suaeda glauca is 40%; the coverage of Salicornia europaea is 30%; and the coverage of reed is 10%. On some bare beach areas, although Suaeda glauca is still the dominant species, other types of plants also appear. This indicates that the property of the soil has undergone some changes. * Community of reed: This is a common community in beach areas. Sometimes this community is mixed with other plant communities; sometimes it occupies a large piece of beach area that looks like a swamp. Usually it grows in groups in beach areas with low salinity. In terms of the ecological sequence of the communities, from sea to beach, the plant distribution is from Scirpus planiculmis to reed, with reed growing in the zones that are furthest from the sea. For instance, a large area of reed community grow near the sea dam at Xisan, covering 20,000m2 with a coverage of 100%. * Setaria (Lalang) community: This community is often seen in drier beach areas. In certain areas, e.g. near Xisan sea dam, Setaria can reach 45cm in height, has a coverage of 40%, and is in a dominant position. * Community of Melilotus: This community is common near the dams in the beach areas. In an area of around 60,000m2, the coverage of this community is almost 100%. All these five communities described above are common in the investigated beach areas. They have properties that are typical for herbal plant communities in beach areas, and all have certain level of salt resistance. Animals Andong Shallow Beach has a rich benthos resources and good beach vegetation to provide an excellent habitat for migratory and indigenous water birds. Andong Wetland is a major wintering habitat for migratory ducks. An investigation conducted in March 1990 recorded 18 bird species, such as cormorant, Fulica atra (common coot), Gallinago stenura, Anas falcata (falcated teal), Anas poecilorhyncha and Aythya, and the total recorded number was over 2,000. Other breeds include Podiceps ruficollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Egretta garzetta, Ardea cinerea, Anas poecilorhyncha, Larus ridibundus, Tringa hypoleucos, etc. Among these, Egretta garzetta is listed as a water bird species under provincial-level important protection. In terms of population, Tringa hypoleucos has the biggest population of nearly one thousand; Egretta garzetta, Ardea cinerea and Anas poecilorhyncha are less numerous.
3.2.2.2. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY
Ecological condition of sea Based on the reports of ecological survey for Hangzhou Bay New District Development Project and Danshuihong Beach Reclamation Project conducted since 2000, the marine ecology of the near- shore area adjacent to the proposed sewage treatment plants are summarized as:
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* Near-shore area near Danshuihong in the east: In the surveyed sea area, four monitoring spots were set up for both planktons and benthos. Three profiles were set up in the inter-tidal zone, and one monitoring point was set up for each of the high, intermediate and low tidal zones. Sampling of plankton was carried out at high and low tide and the following items were monitored: plant plankton (count of cell numbers, type identification, dominant species or community), animal plankton (type identification, density, calculation of total number, biomass, dominant species or community), benthos (type identification, density, biomass, dominant species or community), organisms in the intertidal zone (type identification, density, biomass, dominant species or community). Mollusks have the first most types (accounting for 44% of the total species number) and Crustaceans have the second most species and there are 4 types of fish (accounting for 16%). In the surveyed sea area, the dominant species are mainly Cerithidea cingulated, Bullacta exarata, Helice tientsinensis, Macrophthalmus japonicus de Haan, Potamocorbula ustu lata, Potamocorbula rubromuscula, Cyclina sinensis Gmelin, and Moerella iridesens Benson. The results show that organisms in the surveyed sea area are mainly nearshore low-saline types, and the structure and composition of the communities are simple. Resources of planktons and benthos are relatively scarce. The diversity index is between 1.21 - 2.35; and the evenness index is between 0.52 - 0.94. * Nearshore sea in Hangzhou Bay New District in the north: Four inter-tidal profiles were set up for the ecological survey in this area. From the west to the east, they are Xisan profile, Fengshou profile, Hovercraft Dock profile and Shuiyunpu sea gate profile. The investigation in this area found over the presence of 30 species of benthos in 4 families. Crustaceans are the most commen species, and mollusks the second most common species. In the high tide zone, there are mainly species such as Varuna litterata and eathes japonica. In the medium tide zone, there are mainly Assiminen, Philyra pisum, Sinonovacula Constricta, Bullacta exarata, Potamocorbula ustu lata and Scylla serrata. In the low tide zone, there are mainly Kempina Mikado, mullets and Potamocorbula ustu lata etc.
Wetlands Zhejiang nearshore and seashore wetlands border the East China Sea. The total length of the shoreline is 6,633km, comprising 1,840km along the mainland and 4,793km along the islands. The total area of wetlands that are larger than one km2 is 5,743km2 , accounting for 71.59% of the province's total wetland area. There are 9 wetland types. In Zhejiang province, wetland resources are distributed as follows. * Nearshore and seashore wetlands: Wetlands in these areas in Hangzhou Bay are mainly shallow marine water type (11)and intertidal siltation beach type (16). Other types are rocky seashore (14), intertidal salty water swamp (17). Administratively these wetlands are in 8 bigger cities and 44 counties, smaller cities or districts, including Ningbo, Jiaxing and Zhoushan. * Shallow marine waters: This means the permanent shallow marine waters that are less than 6m deep during low tide period and have a vegetation coverage of less than 30%, including bays and straits. Shallow marine waters lie at the outside of the shoreline. In the province the total area of this type of wetlands is 2,865km2, accounting for 49.88% of the total area of the nearshore and seashore wetlands in the province and 35.71 % of the total wetland area in the province. In particular, the area of shallow marine waters in Hangzhou Bay is 317,71 km2, thus is a key wetland, taking up 11.1% of the total area of the shallow marine waters in the province. Administratively these wetlands are located at Pinghu city and Haiyan county in Jiaxing city; Shengsi and Daishan counties in Zhoushan; and Cixi city and Zhenhai district in Ningbo city.
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In the estuary of Hangshou Bay, the wetland types are mainly shallow marine waters (11)and intertidal siltation beach (16). The other types are rocky seashore (14) and intertidal salty water swamp (17). Hangzhou Bay is an estuary bay. The sea level ranges from -5m to 5m. The total area of the bay region is 4,140km2 (islands excluded; the same hereafter). The total area of wetlands is 586km2, including 318km2 of shallow marine waters, 205km2 of inter-tidal muddy beaches, and 62,4km2 of inter-tidal salt water swamps. According to Zhejiang Marine Function Zoning produced by Zhejiang Provincial Government (2001), the planned areas to be affected by Cixi Wastewater Project effluent discharge to the sea will be: reclaimed areas for beach, beach farms, impounded aquaculture farms, wetland ecological protection zones and marine functioning areas. Main functions of areas included in the plan are marine aquaculture and salt industry. * Reclamation area: At low tide level, the beach area is 625,000mu, of which 240,000mu is suitable for reclaiming. Land demand has fuelled coastal reclamation along the Cixi Economic Development Zone (Hangzhou Bay New District). * Beach farms: Based on the local beach conditions and farming experiences, it is possible to encourage aquaculture industries in the high tide zones protected by the sea embankment from the town of Hangzhou Bay in the west to Haiwangshan in the east. Areas appropriate for aquaculture cover more than 8,000ha. * Cixi Impoundment aauaculture area: Cixi has vast beach resources and the areas are mainly the newly reclaimed land. However, the newly enclosed beaches are saline land and unsuitable for crop production. While the land is still inappropriate for development or being occupied by industries in the coastal areas, parts of the beach land can be employed for impounded aquaculture. Areas for temporary aquaculture are estimated as 2,600ha. * Andong Wetland ecological protection zone in Cixi: The geographical location of this area is: 32°20'N and 121020'E. It is located 60km northwest of Ningbo, and is in the territories of both Cixi and Yuyao. In the southern part of Hangzhou Bay are coastal brackish swamps that are easily inundated by tide currents and comprise mainly inter- tidal zones. In addition there are several coastal reservoirs, each covering several hundred hectares of area, within whch crops are grown.
TABLE 13: MARINE FUNCTION ZONING OF THE NEARSHORE AREAS IN HANGZHOu BAY INCKlI Function zone Name Regional location Located at the areas from the town of Hangzhou Beach enclosing and Cixi beach enclosing and Bay in Cixi to Niluoshan of Xiepu in Zhenhai. reclaiming area reclaiming area Beach aquaculture areas of Cixi are located at the coastal areas in Cixi. Beach aquaculture Beach aquaculture areas Located at the coastal areas of Cixi in the south areas of Cixi bank of Hangzhou Bay Impoundment Cixi impoundment Located at the coastal areas of Cixi in the south aguaculture area aquaculture areas bank of Hangzhou Bay Wetland ecological Andong wetland Located at the northeastern part of the coastal protection area ecological protection areas of Cixi in the south bank of Hangzhou Bay area Class 2 environmental Located at the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, Environmental function zone in the including the sea areas that are administrated by function zone south bank of Hangzhou Yuyao and Cixi, and the nearshore areas 2km f oBanki o of Hangzhou from the 2shoreline in Zhenhai District. The area is Bay 710.2 km .
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The wetland resources in Cixi are still available for developed. The current state of the wetlands features large areas of remnant papyrus and reed and small areas of muddy sands. Wetland vegetation is mainly reed, Suaeda ussuriensis, Suaeda etc, attracting water birds. Disturbed by human activities, the seashore has been continuously enclosed as fishpond, farmland or occupied for use for city's or towns' construction activities. Parts of the swamps have been enclosed and farmed for agricultural or aquaculture production, and the beaches are used for catching fish, crabs or shellfish. Currently large areas of papyrus and reed just grow and wither there and have not been properly used, and birds also do not frequent there. Therefore these areas are planned as protection areas. This will help to create a nice environment for the living and propagation of water birds. Driven by the construction of the Hangzhou Bay bridge, Cixi city has initiated the development of Hangzhou Bay New District. The significance of both protection and development of wetlands was also fully realized, thus the city conducted a feasibility study about wetland tourism in Hangzhou Bay New District and carried out a concept design of 'Jade Coast' wetland ecology planning. * Development of wetland tourism resources in Hangzhou Bay New District: It is planned to develop the wetlands into a coastal eco-tourism and leisure attraction in Yangtze river delta to serve local people and tourists. This attraction will provide theme visits and sightseeing. It will have other functions such as ecological education, natural protection, leisure, entertainment, history and culture, business and disaster prevention. The development of wetland should be in harmony with the design of the theme park of Hangzhou Bay bridge. Meanwhile, the development should pursue the wetland's own unique landscapes. Natural rules for the formation and evolution of coastal wetlands should be respected and followed, and the ecological concepts should dominate the establishment of an ecologically well-performing environment. The development of Cixi's wetlands should follow a sustainable model of wetland composition. Two development models are proposed; one is a landscape model (sea / tidal channel / plants / animals), and the other is an integrated management model (Lepironia plantation / aquaculture / tourism). Future tasks for the development will be: the landscaping of the coastal wetlands, the recovery and protection of series of wetland culture, further regulation and management of wetland aquaculture, enclosing and reclaiming, and an orderly city construction. * Concept design of 'Jade Coast'. the marine wetlands in Cixi: - Functions of beach wetlands: The large area of saline swamps at the frontage of sea dam have the functions to prevent the sea dam from being eroded by winds and waves. In general, the presence of a strip of 80m wide saline swamp in front of a sea dam will can reduce the height of the dam to 3m, thus the cost for infrastructure construction will be reduced. Coastal beaches and saline swamps help to improver the quality of water bodies. The decomposing agents in the beaches can clean pollutants and nutrients during the discharge period of stormwater and sewage. More importantly, saline swamps are vital habitats for wade birds and other wild birds, and provide refuge for the birds during rising tide period when birds stay at the nearby beach for feed. These areas are feeding sites for wade birds, sea gulls, ducks and migratory birds. - Emphasis of protection: The emphasis is the adjustment and adaptation to the movements of water current. By improving and protecting water quality to improve public health and aquatic environment, and recover the biological adjustment (resilience) function of the wetland and the organisms. Therefore, this objective can be achieved through the establishment of special protection zones and special wetland reserves mainly at the tidal streams and islands. - Protection objectives: The objectives of wetland reserves are to protect and improve the natural evolution and resources of tidal beaches and saline swamps; to eliminate the damage and reduction to the coastal saline swamps in the reserves; to preserve the existing environmental quality in particular the local organism communities and species diversity. Where necessary, manage and establish areas of various saline swamp vegetation to restore and establish natural environment protection zones.
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2 - Location and area of wetland reserve: an area of 13.8km of saline swamps are defined as wetland reserve that is in the south of Andong Town and in the west of Hangzhou Bay new district. - Protection measures: as the shoreline keeps expanding in Cixi City, for many years concrete dams have be built to enclose and reclaim beach land and protect low land. However, concrete dams have dramatically damaged the natural nearshore ecosystem. The dams have become an artificial barrier between plant communities e.g. Suaeda community, reed community and water grass community. Therefore it is recommended that the existing Shitang Dam in Hangzhou bay new district is not extended further westwards. On the contrary, natural mun hills that are stabilized by watergrass and reeds should be encouraged to achieve the target of flood control and wetland protection. In addition, the establishment of natural seashore shelterbelt in the out boundary of the wetland reserve should be regarded as a leading research topic for future sea dam construction. - Outline of 'Jade Coast' landscape concept design: the landscape design tries to display the wetland ecological landscape and to set up observation zones, in order to show the visitors a vivid and magnificent landscape in which the people in the jade coast of Hangzhou bay and the nature live in harmony. The design mainly includes landscape spaces from the shoreline to the inland: tidal swamps that are formed by the regular rising and falling of the sea water; wetlands and reed swamp, and the saline seawater encourages the formation of an ideal natural habitat for birds and wildlife. To continue is the grassland and inland landscape that are sued for agriculture and livestock. A boulevard stretching from the north to the south, the Time Corridor, is an open museum displaying the interaction and harmony between humans and nature. On an west-to-east avenue that connects different districts, wide scenery zones reflect the local features that match the local 'enclosing and reclaiming' culture. A ecological theme park that is echoes Hangzhou Bay bridge in style is turned into a wetland ecological education center. Furthermore, the design suggests that no commercial advertisement, artificial sculpture, lightings should be allowed in the jade coast protection area, and wind energy can be utilized. All these measures will create a charming landscape that is natural, environmentally-friendly, scientific and exquisite.
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FIGURE 18: WETLANDS INTHE CWP AREA
=..
HANGZHOU BAY
11' ~~~~IX AI.i~~~~~~~~i
II NINGBO A1 6 .~~~~~~~4 'I,D
Ai6
11 Permanent river * 1~~~Shallow sea Coastland with rocks ll Permanent fresh lakes 16 Sludgy beach in tides - k Lakes and ponds -7 Briny swamp in tides A Important wetland 110 Coastal fresh lakes Natural conservation districts 112 Delta wetland
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Acuaculture
A few aquaculture fishponds still remain in Hangzhou Bay New District and the enclosed areas at Danshuihong, where primarily crabs and fish are farmed. The aquaculture ponds are very far away from the sites of the Northern and Eastern WWTP, and no ponds within 2km from the sites are connected with Jiutangheng river or Danshuihong. However, a beach reservoir (Donger Reservoir) sits 600m west of the site of the Northern WWTP, and it has aquaculture function. Major farmed species are chub, crucian, carp, shrimp and crab. Area for fish farming in the reservoir is 15,000ha. Daily fish catch is around 200kg. This reservoir is connected with Jiutang Dam, and their heights and widths are similar. Therefore Jiutangheng rivers flow westward is hampered, and an endpoint of Jiutangheng river exists before the east dam of the reservoir. Jiutangheng river is not connected with the reservoir.
Statistics from the aquaculture department of Cixi shows that, in the proposed project area, aquaculture production takes up a total area of 3,350mu, with 870mu for salt water farming and 2,480mu for freshwater farming. The annual output is estimated at 8.5 million RMB. In addition, in the north of the northern boundary of Jiutangheng river a few aquaculture areas still remain. In particular, for 3,600mu of them the farming method is low-dam and high-net; and for 6,500mu the farming is on open beach and the species is mainly Bullacta exarata. It is estimated that this part of aquaculture production results in an annual output of 15 million RMB. Water used for the aquaculture production in this area is mainly from Batangheng river, Jiutangheng river and the adjacent reservoirs and small streams. The aquaculture production in the areas in the north of Jiutangheng river mainly uses the water from Hangzhou Bay. Both enclosed and open-beach aquaculture productions are relatively advanced in the eastern area. Main species are Bullacta exarata., Ruditapes variegata, crabs, shellfish and fish. Rare or endangered species
Water bodies that will be directly affected by this project are the man-made canals whose current functions are limited to agriculture uses and landscaping uses. Nearshore areas and beaches that will be indirectly affected by this project are mainly for aquaculture production. Therefore there is no endangered or rare wildlife species. However, 210 Saunders's gulls, a rare and endangered species, had been observed about 20km from the site of the Northern WWTP at the beach near Zhenhai of Ningbo.
3.2.3. SOCIAL SETTING
3.2.3.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
Cixi city is part of Ningbo city, having 3 districts and 17 towns. Total population of the city amounts to 1,214,000, with the masterplan urban growth rate of 5.82% and the population density being 710 people/km2. Following China's open door policy, rapid economic growth has occurred and GDP was 18.4 billion RMB in 2001.
According to the statistics of industrial corporations whose annual sales exceed 5 million RMB in 2001, an industrial system has been formed and supported by mechanical engineering, electric appliances, textile industry, plastic production, metal production and traffic equipments. The total production output value of the city's industries is 66 billion RMB. This city has been regarded as one of the most important industrial cities in Zhejiang Province.
The well-constructed road system in Cixi will provide an easy and convenient traffic access for the construction of trunk pipelines and the Northern WVvTP in the Stage I project. Danshuihong Road, that is being planned and constructed, will provide traffic access for the Eastern WWTP.
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3.2.3.2. WATER SUPPLY AND MUNICIPAL DRAINAGE PLANNING
Drainage situation and planninn At present, the majority of the sewage from Cixi is untreated and directly discharged into rivers and urban canal network causing serious pollution. The municipal sewerage system in the Central District of Cixi city is being gradually expanded. By 2000, three municipal trunk sewers measuring 15.6km and two sewage lift pump stations were constructed and a WVVTP at Jiaochangshan with a capacity of 45,000m3/d has also been commissioned. Other constructed sewers exist but haven't been connected to the Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. Cixi City is now implementing the canal improvement plan to construct a "San Heng Shi Yi Zong" trunk canal network project, which focuses on the improvement of trunk canals (including three latitudinal and eleven longitudinal canals) and the towns' first and second-order canals. The city's trunk canal network project plans to improve ta otal of 21 canals, focusing on Santangheng river, Batangheng river and Shitangheng river, as well as Luzhong Bay, Shuiyunpu, Danshuihong and Songpu longitudinal canals. Among them, latitudinal rivers will be widened to 80-160m and longitudinal rivers 60-120m. In the north a length of 15 km river course from Sizaopu to the Shitangheng River to Shitang sea gate at Luzhong Bay has been widened to 150m; and a length of 10km river course from Qitang at Luzhong Bay to Shitang sea gate has been widened to 120m. Currently the river courses of Batanghengheng river, Santangheng river and the Shitangheng segment of Danshuihong are being widened. Besides, the main construction work at the segment of Hangzhou Bay New District has been completed for Shitangheng river and Jiutangheng river, and Shitang sea gate and Danshuihong sea gate have been recently built at Luzhong bay. It is expected that after the first stage of Cixi Wastewater Project is completed, the improvement of Shitangheng river at the segment in Cidong Industrial Zone in the east will also be finished. In this project, both sewage treatment plants are sited adjacent to Batangheng river, Jiutangheng river and Shitangheng river. Specifically, the Hangzhou Bay segment of Jiutangheng river will directly receive the Northern WWTP effluent, and the Danshuihong segment of Shitangheng river will directly receive the Eastern WWTP effluent. The improvement of these segments of river course has great significance to increase the water storage, enhance the water circulation and improve the aquatic environment. In addition, Cixi city plans to divert water from outside the city in order to increase the water storage volume in Cixi's canal network and increase the water circulation. It is planned to implement this plan at three stages. The first stage program will be mainly established in 2001-2005. In East river district there are east-extending project of Batangheng river, flood discharge project in Danshuihong, auxiliary project in Xujiapu and excavation project in Santangheng river. In Center river district there are widening and dredging projects of Chaotangheng river, Xinchenhe river and Shuiyunpu, excavation project of Banjuepu, and widening and dredging project of east of Zhangxin Highway near Santangheng river. In West river district there are flood discharge project in the west and widening and dredging project of Batangheng river. In total the whole length of the canals to be upgraded is 96.40km. The estimated investment will reach 2.728 billion RMB. After the completion of the entire project, the water storage capacity of the canal network will increase by 40,000,000m3.
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TABLE 14: ExPECTED QUANTITIES OF GENERATED AND TREATED SEWAGE IN CIXI CITY (M3ID)
Item 2005 2010 2020
Total quantity of 165,000 244,000 420,000 generated sewage Quantity of sewage treated by Jiaochangshan 20,000 45,000 WWTP Quantity of sewage treated by Eastern - 50,000 100,000 WWTP Quantity of sewage treated by Northern - 100,000 320,000 WWTP Quantity of directly- 145,000 49,000 0 discharged sewage
Water suDply situation and planning
Cixi City owns 15 water treatment plants, including 4 water plants belong to the City Tap-water Company. The tap water is sourced from reservoirs and designed to be 242,000Vtday and to cover 89.6% population.
According to the prediction results of the balance of water supply and demand in 2005, if the water supply source project is not implemented, there will be a shortage of quality water for existing domestic use at varied guarantee rate; if water is separately used for domestic consumption and industrial consumption, the demand of domestic water use can still be met at a guarantee rate of 95%. There will be no shortage of lower quality water for agricultural irrigation and canals' environmental landscaping at 50% or lower guarantee rate; however, at other guarantee rates there will be water shortage. Therefore, it is planned to construct the following programs. This can relieve the conflict between the water supply and demand for the city's domestic, industrial and agricultural water consumption, and can improve the aquatic environment of the canal network in the plain areas, improve the ecological environment and speed up the urbanization process. * By 2005, to complete the water diversion programs of Yangpu reservoir and Tongjia'ao. Yangpu reservoir is located at Yangpu town in Shangyu city; its reservoir catchment covers an area of 460km2 ; its water storage capacity is 234,890,000m3 ; and its normal reservoir capacity is 185,130,000m3. Cixi Water Supply Company and Shangyu Yangpu Water Business Company have signed a water supply agreement, ensuring a quantity of water diversion of 200,000m3 a day. With the completion of the program in 2005, it is expected to divert water of up to 60,000,000m3. * In 2005, to carry out the pre-coordination and design work of the diversion program of Shuangxikou reservoir in Yuyao city, and to complete by 2010. Shuanxikou reservoir is located in Zhangshanmiao village, Dayin town, Yuyao city, and is 3km from the town's government. The upstream area of the reservoir dam covers 39.7km2. Its total water capacity is 30,030,000m3; the normal reservoir capacity is 27,330,000m3; the multi-year average available water supply is 30,200,000m3; and the quantity of water available for diversion is 30,000,000m3.
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* According to analysis of the long and short-term water supply and demand balances, to carry out the pre-program of the Fuchun river diversion project, or the Caoerjiang river diversion program, which is planned to complete by 2010. To build a sluice at the downstream of the sea gate of Caoerjiang river to dam water, in order to raise the water level of the inland river to increase its water storage capacity. With the implementation of the program by 2010, it is expected to divert 120,000,000m3 of water which will be able to supply water for a part of the industrial, agricultural and canal environmental uses. By 2020, it is expected to divert 250,000,000m3 of water to supply 133,000,000m3 for industrial water use and 11 7,000,000m3 for agricultural and canal environmental uses. * In addition to the trunk canal network program, it is planned to construct Zhengxu beach reservoir and a new Sizaopu beach reservoir. By 2010, it is proposed to build Sizaopu North beach reservoir with a reservoir capacity of 32,000,000m3. By 2010, it is proposed to build Zhengxu beach reservoir with a reservoir capacity of 64,000,000m3.
3.2.3.3. QUALITY OF LIFE
Domestic per capita consumption or purchasing indicators, such as possessions and energy uses, suggest that living quality of Cixi citizens is relatively good. However, when environmental protection indicators are considered, it can be seen that sewage treatment rate is low, city's canal network is severely polluted, and the objectives and requirements for the environmental functions are not achieved. As one aspect of quality of life the general aquatic quality needs to be further improved.
3.2.3.4. CULTURAL HERITAGE
Cixi City has a long history. Pingcui mountains in the southern part have clear waters, green hills and numerous places of interest: Dapeng mountains are thought to be the start place of Xufu's sail east to Japan in an old Chinese tale; Wulei temple is regard as a famous scenic spot of Buddhism; the famous hermit Yan Zi-ling lived his reclusion in Kexing mountain. Famous are the celadon porcelain produced at Yue Kiln by Shanglin lake and waterfalls in Kaolao mountain, helping to form three types of culture unique of Cixi city: migration culture, reclaiming culture and celadon porcelain culture.
3.2.3.5. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES
Land designated for habitation in Cixi is 12,690,300m2, occupying 51.44% of urban constructed area. Land area per person is 51.95m2, which is beyond the National Standard (GBJ137-90) of 18.0 - 28.0m2 per person for habitation land. Land for domestic habitation land is divided into: (i) old district (3,560,000m2 with 140,000 residents); (ii) rebuilt districts in the east (Zonghan rebuilding district: 2,630,000m2 with 50,000 residents; and Kandun rebuilding district: 4,060,000m2 with 80,000 residents); and (iii) new districts (the east-city developing district, the south-city developing district and the new habitation developing district in Hangzhou Bay). The current land for industrial use in the central districts of Cixi is 6,342,700m2; representing a land ratio per person of 25.71 2. This favourably compares with the national standard (GBJ137-90) of 10-25m2. The structure of construction land uses in the city also reflects that Cixi is an industrial city.
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Land use planning for the protected beach areas near the sites of this project is as follows: * Hanazhou Bay New District Industry Base: located in the recently protected beach areas in the north of Cixi. It is planned to become a base of research, development and production, as well as a place for processing and export. The area is planned at 20km2. * Danshuihona (or Cidona) Industrial Park: Danshuihong Industrial Park is sited at the eastern coastal areas in Cixi city. It is on the protected beach areas in the north of Longshan town, Sanbei town and Fanshi Town. The southern boundary of the park is along the sea; Songpu river flows in its west; and in its south is Zhenhai Chemical Industrial Park of Ningbo. It covers a total area of 40km2. The distance to the center of Cixi city is 30km and to Shanghai is 130km. This area is enclosed beach and the land has not yet been used for development. The functions of this area are planned as primarily for production, and partially for residence and commerce. Leading industries will be manufacture of electric machines and equipments, plastic products, textile, metal products and petrochemical industry. The Northern VWVTP is sited at No.5 Xingcisi road, Hangzhou Bay New District, on the west side of the intersection of Zhijiang river and Jiutangheng river. This 27 hectare parcel of land has been reserved as a site of urban sewage treatment plant. Land within a 500m radius of this site comprise protected beaches, open land and industrial development. The Eastern WWTP is sited at Danshuihong Industrial Park. Currently the site is a protected beach area. The nearby Danshuihong and Shitangheng rivers are being under dredged. Infrastructure needed for an industrial park has been built in the protected area. According to Danshuihong Industrial Park planning, the land within a radius of 500m from the plant site will be used for industry and warehouses.
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4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
4.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT COMPONENT
4.1.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION
This project will require the acquisition of 213mu collectively-owned land including 183mu of forest land contracted by farmers and 30mu orchard in Meixi village leased by Yongxing Group and used as peach growing base for canned food. After land acquisition the 3-4 employees of Yongxing Group will be transferred to other posts and will not lose their jobs. Yongxing Group will purchase peaches from other regions to fill the shortage and its normal production and operation will not be affected. An agreement is already made by Ningbo Water Supply Company to compensate Yongxing Group for loss of young trees and the village committee for land compensation fees and relocation subsidy. According to social economic investigation, this project directly affects 83 households and 291 people by land acquisition. It totally involves 3 villages (Daoqiao village, Meixi village and Jiaao village) in Yinjiang town and 3 villages (Miyang village, Zhang village and Zhengjia village) in Zhangshui town. The villages affected by land requisition can obtain compensation of 6,390,OOORMB and relocation subsidy. After approval by over 65% of the villagers, 3,834,000RMB of land compensation can be used for welfare of all villagers and 2,556,OOORMB of relocation subsidy can be granted to the affected population to develop self-employment items or to work in enterprises. If the settlers want to change from agricultural to non-agricultural status in household registration, the cost for the change will be borne by the government. 95% incomes of the laborers affected by this project are in the secondary and tertiary industries and land requisition will not have great impact on them. The project will temporarily occupy a total land area of 1,561.32mu for six months. 1,005mu is government property including 955mu green belt. 556.32mu is collectively-owned land including 77.32mu forest land, 495mu paddy field and 20mu orchards and affects a number of towns and villages. The affected farmers can receive young crops compensation fee for temporarily occupied land according to the appropriate regulations. Compensation fee is greater than actual loss and villagers' life will not be affected by temporary land occupation. As for restoration of temporarily occupied land, the affected village and implementation organization have reached a preliminary agreement that construction team will be responsible for earth piling, levelling and compacting. The implementation organization will also pay all villages the fees for secondary ploughing and the villages themselves are responsible for water resource facilities and soil improvement. According to social economic investigation, this project affects temporarily 189 households and 573 people, involving 4 towns (Yinjiang town, Zhangshui town, Gulin town and Hengjie town) in Yinzhou district which includes 10 villages. will affect one enterprise (Ningbo Fumao Machinery Co. Ltd) located in the extension This project 2 of Airport Road. Pipe laying will temporarily occupy some of cultivated land (200m ) and boundary wall (70m) but will not affect the normal production and operation activities. Therefore, after negotiation, the property owner will be compensated in the form of currency and construction organization will help it restore the land after completion of the project.
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4.1.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION
4.1.2.1. IMPACT FROM CONSTRUCTION WASTEWATER
The wastewater generated during the construction (estimated up to 100m 3/d) mainly comes from the sandstone material production system and concrete mixing system as well as washing wastewater used during site cleaning or construction machinery maintenance. The untreated discharge of this type of wastewater could pollute the water resource and the environment mainly because of suspended solids (SS), pH and a few oily substance contents. So, in order to reduce the influence in environment, the wastewater shall be treated through dividing rack, oil separated pond and sedimentation tank to reach an acceptable standard before being discharged into the environment. The construction of water inlet in Jiaokou reservoir needs special attention to isolate production wastewater from the reservoir. Wastewater must undergo sedimentation treatment. During pipeline construction, additional impacts come from pipeline pressure testing and cleaning and sterilizing operations. The water used shall not be discharged into open watercourses ditch but discharged directly into urban wastewater pipe so as to avoid pollution by suspended solids and chemicals. The water used for final flushing of pipelines after backfilling shall be reutilized, as much as possible, for road spray or other purposes.
4.1.2.2. IMPACT FROM WASTE RESIDUES (EXCAVATED SOIL)
During construction, a large quantity of earth spoil will be produced, mainly during construction of the raw water intake and tunnel component. The total earthwork excavation (net quantity is 246,800m3 and bulked quantity is 305,000m3) will be transported away and used for urban construction in Ningbo (195,100m3), utilized within the water diversion project (10,00Cm 3) and disposed in four waste dumps in the area (100,600m3). The main environmental impacts produced are land dumping of spoil and dust from transport of arisings. The water treatment work site is located on a hillside and a large quantity of earth and stone will be produced during project construction from side slope excavation. However the cut and fill earthworks quantities balance with zero residue. During construction of trunk mains and urban ring main, temporary earth piles will be needed on both sides of the trench due to earthwork excavation; then it will be backfilled and the original land function will be restored. Surplus material will be carted away. The excavation waste dumps are arranged close to the tunnel outlets so as to reduce land occupation by temporary construction road, transportation distance and ecological damage. To create these waste dumps, environmental protection requirements shall be followed, such as: * Reduce as much as possible the permanent and temporary occupied area for disposal of construction waste to relieve the soil erosion; * Build a stone masonry retaining wall along lower side of the disposal site before the beginning of disposal to ensure the stability of the site; * Spread evenly the construction waste throughout the site with immediately compact operation; * Create a 1: 1.5 side slope with the waste after the disposal is higher than the top level of the retaining wall; * Build drainage facilities around the disposal site to discharge surrounding water and reduce the scouring erosion on the waste; * Create a vegetation (bermuda grass) cover on the top and side slope of the finished construction waste accumulation as a protection measure.
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A detailed disposal plan for wastes should be formulate by construction companies in accordance with department concerned to formalize and organize the management of waste residues.
4.1.2.3. IMPACT FROM WASTE OF CAMP SITES (DOMESTIC SEWAGE, DOMESTIC REFUSE)
Raw water intake and transmission tunnel project is spread over a several kilometres and includes seven construction areas (water inlet construction area, Aojiang river construction area, Wangjiaao construction area, Daao construction area, #1 adit construction area, #2 adit construction area, water collecting well and outlet construction area). Number of working people expected is 1,600persons/day in peak construction period and 1,350persons/day on average. The camp will provide two main type of waste: domestic sewage (240m during the peak working period when a daily discharge of 0.2m3 per person will occur) and refuse. The water quality of river will be impaired if there is direct sewage discharge. Therefore, a sewage treatment system (not percolation pit) shall be installed in each living area to reach the specified standard and avoid polluting the river and the groundwater, for construction sites in urban area domestic wastewater could be directly discharged into urban wastewater pipe. The main pollution control indices of domestic wastewater are BOD 5, CODcr, NH3 and suspended solids. If domestic refuses in the construction area are not properly managed, it will cause propagation of mosquitoes, flies and vermin. There may exist a possibility for outbreak of epidemic diseases to workers and nearby residents. Domestic refuses shall be collected in special containers and transported promptly out by the construction company to the designated engineered landfill to avoid nuisances.
4.1.2.4. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY
During construction works, the major impact on air quality is the large amount of dust emission that may happen during dry weather on site roads, transport of all materials and compaction of spoil. The major impacts will be limited to approximately 50m on each side of roads. Others dust nuisance sources are the concrete mixing works with an impact range of 50m around mixing shed, and earthwork loading and unloading during construction. But the project area has abundant precipitation which may help to dampen the dust nuisance impact The most adverse impact period of dust nuisance occurs in windy weather. The most sensitive areas are those residential areas around the routes of the transmission mains and urban ring main because dust nuisance generated from construction may also have effects on the living of urban residents by covering buildings and houses. The construction process that has greatest impacts is earthwork excavation, filling and transportation. Dust nuisance is directly related to environmental management and environmental protection scheme. Another impact on air quality is the waste gases of construction machinery but the impact is minor because it is quite the same as normal vehicle. Major pollutants are NOx, CO and hydrocarbons. The major sources are the oil burning machineries (wheel loader, dump truck, excavator), transportation vehicles and cooking range in temporary canteen for construction team.
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To reduce the impact on air quality, the following mitigation measures shall be followed: * Preventative measures on dust emission, such as hardening temporary roads or water spraying should be adopted; * The dust-removal spraying system should be established with dedicated spraying equipment and staff to perform spraying during seasons subject to dust emission on the construction site near the planned urban area, densely-populated residential area, sighting-seeing district, medical areas and national, provincial and municipal protection districts for cultural relics; * Water should be sprayed when necessary to reduce dust emission pollution during the abolishing of old buildings; * The accumulation period should be reduced for temporary excavated earth with reasonable organization of construction and schedule. Water should be sprayed in clear days with wind; * For the sections with vehicle and residential traffic, the temporary excavated earth should be isolated from compaction by vehicles; * In urban area, wind shield (such as corrugated sheet or polypropylene sheet) should be used to protect neighbourhood from the construction area; * The cement and other fine practical material that are subject to fly should be stored in house or covered tightly. Their transportation should avoid leak and emission. Their handling should be carried out with water spreading or in the storage house; * All smoke discharge units for kiln, furnace, electrical generator, power-driven vehicles and marine vehicles should take efficient smoke and dust removal measures to make the discharge of harmful gas met with the national stipulated criteria. The construction site in the urban, suburb and town area should observe the smoke blackness of smoke discharge units according to Ringlemann smoke chart. The blackness will be sample inspected during organized inspection; and * The transportation vehicles have to pass through a wheel-wash before leaving the site.
4.1.2.5. IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL
Construction noise generated is mainly produced by various construction machineries and transportation vehicles. The noise generated from explosion is sporadic noise that lasts for short time and will not affect the people out of the explosion safe distance. Main construction works of raw water intake, transmission tunnel and Maojiaping water treatment work are far from cities and there is only a small quantity of residents nearby (Maojiaping is 200m from nearest sensitive point). During construction works, noise impact from construction machinery can meet standard at 20m during daytime and at 160m during night-time according to "Noise Limit for Construction Site" (GB12525-90) which specifies that noise limit in daytime is 70-75dB(A) and 55dB(A) at night. During construction of trunk mains and urban ring main, the noise of trench excavation and construction machinery will have impacts when the pipelines go through sensitive point (Hengije town, Guilin Yujia village, Ningbo city). According to analogy data from various construction sites and according to noise prediction at different distances, noise from construction machineries can reach standard limit values at more than 40m in daytime and at 200m in night-time, according to "'Noise Limit for Construction Site" (GB12525-90). Thus, the construction machinery noise could exceed standards at night and could cause nuisance to residents. In order to reduce this nuisance and according with the existing noise level, construction activities should be prohibited from 19:00 to 7:00 for the section with sensitive points in the 500m around the construction work, such as residential area.
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And as much as possible, the construction should be arranged in the holidays for section cross around the school. The high noisy construction machinery should be avoided as much as possible and it is necessary to try to avoid simultaneous use of a large quantity of high-noise equipment machinery. Equipment shall be periodically repaired and maintained to decrease noise due to vibration of loose parts and silencers should be use when it is possible. A hot line should be set up and publicized for customers' complaints about project interference.
4.1.2.6. IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
During construction of the raw water intake, some mud and sand may enter reservoir and affect water quality and ecological environment. When pipes cross rivers, they may cause impacts on fish by disturbing bed materials if pipe trenching method is used. Impact on aquatic ecosystem is mainly because content of suspended substances in water increases after entry of mud and sand or agitation of bottom materials. Increase of suspended substances causes a reduction of phytoplankton biomass, which generates impact on the quantity of life in the higher-level biological chain (e.g. reduction of fish biomass). Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of construction method and the duration of construction. Agitation absorption type dredger shall be preferred and river excavation shall be done in dry flow period to shorten operation time and restore original river appearance as soon as possible. The main impact on forestry ecosystem and agricultural ecosystem is land occupation, divided into permanently and temporarily occupied land. Permanent land occupation directly changes original surface configuration and the present land use and causes permanent loss of biological productivity. Temporary land occupation changes the original surface configuration and results in vegetation damage and farmland deterioration in a certain period. Its direct impact on agricultural ecological environment is farmland occupation and resultant- agricultural loss. On completion of the project and restoration of the land affected, the impact on biodiversity can be minimized. However, the proportion of occupied land is very low and land occupation by this project will not bring significant adverse effect on local land utilization structure. Therefore, the construction shall be strictly controlled and the tree felling program should include for clearance of debris so as not to impact further on the area. Measures of forest restoration shall be taken in different location to compensate forest loss caused by construction. After its construction, the vegetation of the water treatment works should be increased by planting trees, herbs, flowers. A planting ratio of 30% is stipulated. During construction in farmland section, construction vehicles shall, where possible, utilize existing roads and tracks and shall run strictly according to designed construction detours to protect crops and surface vegetation. To reduce impact of construction dust nuisance on agricultural production, construction activities shall try to avoid crop pollination period and, if it is not possible, to spray water to construction site. Construction period shall also try to avoid rush period (mainly seedling time and harvesting time) or arrange travelling route in advance for farmers' agricultural production and set conspicuous guide sign on temporary routes. During project construction, damage to natural vegetation will reduce the occurrence of wildlife that uses this habitat. In addition, due to disturbance by human activities, some animals may temporarily leave to evade human activities and vegetation damage in construction area will force animals to leave for surrounding areas. Such disturbance will not cause reduction of animal species and quantity and its impact is temporary. To reduce these impacts, the construction areas should be reduced as much as possible and an ecological restoration work should be performed after construction to rebuild suitable vegetation and bio-community.
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Construction activities could also affect soil physio-chemical properties and soil structure. Soil structure is the combined situation of various soil layers in soil profile, and characteristic and physio-chemical property of different soil layers differ greatly. Pipe construction will disturb the original soil structure and mix the various strata thus affecting soil capillary actions, adversely changing micro-organism species and quantity and retarding the process of decomposition and release nutrients to the soil. As a result, soil nature is deteriorated and ground vegetation growth is further affected and even difficult to restore. When pipe trenches are backfilled, it is also difficult to fully compact the fill. Poorly compacted fill will allow water entry and subsidence whilst over compacted fill will inhibit the re-establishment of vegetation cover. Therefore, these impacts can be reduced to the acceptable degree by taking strict management measures. The construction method of layered excavation, layered compaction and layered earth covering can be used, and pollution prevention and control measure can be taken to eliminate the impact of waste material and wastewater on soil during construction. In addition, pipeline construction work is usually limited to the narrow strip of pipeline and the impact is not widespread. Identification and monitoring should be performed on the vegetation community in order to establish the short and long term effects of the project works.
4.1.2.7. IMPACT ON GROUNDWATER
According to project composition and arrangement, construction of transmission tunnel, trunk mains and urban ring main involves impact on groundwater because dewatering is needed for trench construction. Localised pumped drainage of groundwater will be used and will not cause a significant reduction in regional groundwater level. Dewatering water is usually good quality and may be discharged into river. Groundwater pumped during the tunnel construction will require settlement and oil separation.
4.1.2.8. IMPACT ON PEOPLE'S HEALTH
The average labour number used during the construction of this project is 1200 person/day with peak labour of 1,600 person/day. During the construction, epidemics of contagious diseases are possible because of the density and conditions within the labour camps. Therefore, special attention must be paid to hygienic conditions in working area. During construction of the project, it is required to set medical and sanitary facilities in living quarters and well conduct medical and sanitary work in the construction area; strengthen quarantine management in water catchment and canteen to disinfect and monitor supply water sources and ensure environmental sanitation of construction area; carry out comprehensive physical examination for construction personnel and prohibit the personnel having infectious diseases from entering construction site. The personnel having infectious diseases shall be separated and treated and the people around them shall be treated with prophylactic inoculation; canteen staff shall undergo periodic physical examination and shall be treated if found to have epidemic diseases and transferred from canteen to prevent outbreak of infectious diseases.
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4.1.3. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION
4.1.3.1. REGIONAL WATER RESSOURCES ALLOCATION
Pertaining to the implementation of the Zhougongzhai/Jiaokou diversion and of the urban ring main, the allocation of regional water resources will be optimised to effectively resolve the following problems presently faced by the water supply of the urban and rural residents and of the industries: * The water supply system of the central city cannot meet the present demand, nor that for the future development. The water demand of the central city was 861,00Om 3/d in 2003, whereas the designed supply capacity is only 820,000m3/d for water plants. * The water quality provided by the existing water plants in the urban area is unsatisfactory: Meiling Water Plant (designed output of 100,000m3/d) uses Yaojiang river as water source, while the quality of Yaojiang river is classified as III-IV, i.e. it is not qualified for living and drinking water resource. Part of the raw water (250,000m3/d) of Jiangdong WTW is supplied from the Nantang River water resource, from Yinxin river network. In dry seasons, the water quality provided by the water plant is affected by the degradation of raw water quality with the increasing concentration of pollutants in the river network. The water quality of the water treatment works built in 1960-1970 difficultly meets the water quality requirements of the national 'Hygiene Code for Living and Drinking Water". These WTW can only increase the dosage of coagulant and chlorine to meet the quality requirements, but this method increases the concentration of aluminum and chlorine in the water. The existing coagulating - precipitating - filtering - disinfecting process and facilities face difficulties to meet the requirements on water quality stipulated in the "Hygiene Code for Drinking Water and Living Water" issued by Ministry of Public Health in 2001 and in the "Standard Guidelines for Modern Water Plant of Zhejiang Province (Draft). * The water supply quality of most of the township water plants cannot meet the existing national standard for living and drinking water because of low quality water sources, small capacity and inappropriate technology: - About 30 township water plants use the water from canals networks in Yinxin, Yindong, Zhenhai and Beilun. The water quality of these rivers all fails to meet the criteria for Class II. - Township water plants usually have a too small capacity, with too simple and low-graded equipment and facilities. Known from the statistics data, the total output of the 41 township water plant is 488,000m 3/d. Most of the purification equipment or facilities are out-of-date and cannot guarantee the water quality and safety. - The township water plants are under the administration of township governments and suffer from the lack of professional management and technical staff with qualified monitoring methods. Most plants do not have the required instrumentation to complete standard water quality inspection tests. Generally, only the turbidity and residential chlorine are inspected, which is not enough for the evaluation of water quality. - The leakage ratio in the distribution network in towns cannot be calculated because of the lack or absence of water measurement tools and capabilities. However, the lack of quality standards or control in the design, goods provision and construction phases led to serious leakages, especially for concrete pipelines. The situation has changed in recent years. The nodular cast iron pipes have been used in the network with more attention paid on this issue. * The growth rate of the water distribution network in the central city lags behind the growth rate of the urban construction and water demands.
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* The self-service use of water sources by industrial enterprises leads to unreasonable water consumption rates: during their construction, some of the enterprises had to build their own water supply facilities, because their demands could not be satisfied by the insufficient capacity of the Ningbo City water network. The total capacity of such enterprises is estimated to 460,000m3/d. In most cases, a reservoir is used as water resource, which is not favorable for the comprehensive utilization of the water resources in Ningbo. Therefore, if it is clear that the implementation of the Project will have a beneficial impact on the above-mentioned issues, the following measures should complement the Project: * strengthening of the water quality control capability and improvement of the water treatment equipment in the small water-treatment plants which will not be dismantled within the project * control of the use of water by enterprises which abstract water directly from surface water bodies.
4.1.3.2. JIAOKOU RESERVOIR SOURCE WATER PROTECTION MEASURE
The fact that Jiaokou reservoir will, after the project construction, be mostly dedicated to the water supply of Ningbo City makes it necessary to improve the protection of Jiaokou watershed. In this aim, Ningbo City Water Environmental Control Leading Group has compiled the 'Countermeasure Study for Ningbo City Water Environmental Control", which proposes the definite protection measures for drinking water head site in Ningbo city. Since the beginning of 2004, the city has invested 12,000,OOORMB fund to implement protection project for the water head site of the four major drinking water source reservoirs including Jiaokou reservoir. The fund is mainly used to collect and dispose the refuses and feces in upstream rain accumulation area and around downstream water catchment and as subsidy for water conservation forest in upstream rain accumulation area, which has gained significant result. Additionally, in order to strengthen environmental protection of water head site, standardize the use of special fund for water source protection and practically realize special fund for special use, the government also has formulated the "Management suggestions on the special fund for special use for the protection of Ningbo water resource protection". The following protection measures for drinking water of Ningbo City are proposed: * Water control according to the law: The present water pollution prevention and control in Ningbo City mainly refers to the pollution of Yaojiang river water resources, but does not include drinking water protection, thus bringing difficulty to the protection of water resources. Based on the National Water Environmental Prevention and Control Law and experience of other Chinese cities, Ningbo City plans to formulate a water pollution prevention and control law for watersheds as soon as possible. This law will define hydrological or geographic zones as domestic and drinking water resource sites, with a protection zone grade: "grade I" and "grade 11"or "quasi grade 11"outside the grade I protection zone. Each protection zone corresponding to a given Grade shall have a definite geographical boundary. Grade I protection zones correspond to surface water sources used for domestic and drinking water. The law will specify that it is prohibited to discharge wastewater into such zone, to conduct tourism, swim or have any other activity that may pollute the water body. It will also be prohibited to build or extend projects unrelated to water supply facilities and water resource protection. Existing waste disposals sites or dumps shall be demolished or treated within specified time. * Policy manaqement: The present reservoir management bureau, located in Ningbo, is responsible for water management, including flood prevention, power generation and irrigation. The maintenance responsibility of the reservoir management bureau cannot cover the townships in the upstream catchment area. For this reason, a "reservoir watershed protection agency" is to be established, with trained personnel and relevant equipment to control and supervise the pollution in the reservoir area and the upper reaches. The "polluter pays" principle is to be applied.
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* Adoption of enqineerina and technical measures: - The construction of a water quality monitoring station is required, to detect changes of the water quality of the reservoir inflows. In order to link up with the provincial water quality monitoring network, with reference to the planning of water quality monitoring network in advanced cities, Ningbo City water quality monitoring planning has been compiled and has passed examination recently. It is required to implement this planning as soon as possible to increasingly collect water quality data. - Rational water resources management to prevent stagnation: The so called "Running water does not get stale" shall be one of the water resource configuration principles. This issue is mainly related to the joint management of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoir, which should be organised in a way to prevent excessive water stagnation in Zhougongzhai reservoir. * Planned proiects: The following projects are planned to be implemented in the watershed upstream from Jiaokou reservoir. They will significantly improve the quality of the reservoir inflows: - Garbage treatment project in townships: garbage is the biggest pollution source in the upper reaches of reservoir. Therefore from 2003 to 2007, Zhangshui town in Yinzhou district and Luting township in Yuyao city will adopt the practice of towns and villages in the upper reaches of Hengshan reservoir to carry out centralized treatment for garbages; - Wastewater treatment project in townships: building on the wastewater treatment experience of Baixi reservoir, wastewater treatment projects are planned; - Breeding of hydrophyte and hydrobiont: Jiaokou reservoir experiences occurrence of blue algae every year in May-June. The fish species released into Jiaokou reservoir are mainly Brocaded carps and white carps in the ratio of 7:3 and the released density is 25kg/mu. As the breeding ratio of the two fish species has an impact on water quality, pollution can increase in case of imbalance. According to research over three years by the Chinese Academy of Science, silver carp and bighead carp can absorb and digest 50kg plankton such as blue algae in order to increase one kilo body weight. By maintaining the correct balance of fish, the blue algae in the reservoir can be effectively controlled and improve water quality; - Control of soil erosion: Within the hydrological basin of Jiaokou reservoir, medium and light soil erosion is significant. Anti-erosion measures are likely to be taken in the future. However, they do not directly result from the implementation of the diversion project and so cannot be considered as an impact of the project.
4.1.3.3. IMPACT ON RESSOURCES MANAGEMENT
4. 1.3.3. 1. Existing water resource facilities and water supply capability
Ningbo City urban water supply area is divided by Yaojiang river, Fenghuajiang river and Yongjiang river into three independent areas: East Ningbo (Ningdong), West Ningbo (Ningxi) and North Ningbo (Ningbei). The water supply system for irrigation forms an independent open-channel network covering these three areas, called the "irrigation water network". Except from Cicheng and Beilun water plants, which abstract from reservoirs, most of the water of the urban network is collected from the river network, whose water quality is generally poor. Since 1949, Ningbo City Government has implemented a large number of water storage, diversion and water lifting projects including 4 large reservoirs, 20 medium reservoirs, 351 small reservoirs and approximately 5,500 large and small diversion weirs and dams. The total storage capacity of the impounding reservoirs is 961 ,000,000m3.
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The Ningbo water supply system currently includes the river network as well as three large reservoirs (Jiaokou, Hengshan and Tingxi), six medium reservoirs (including Hengxi) and 20 small reservoirs. Additionally, two projects are presently under implementation: the Baixi Reservoir Water Diversion Project (south-east from Ningbo) and the Zhougongzhai Reservoir Project (upstream from Jiaokou reservoir). Another project is under implementation: Xixia reservoir, in the western mountains, which borders the Yinzhou plain. This reservoir, with a total storage capacity of 25,600,000m3 (active storage capacity: 20,000,000m3) will significantly increase the regulation capacity of the Western Yinzhou plain river network: the implementation of this project will indirectly benefit to the Ningbo Urban water supply, since the Yinzhou plain is the main irrigated area presently fed by Jiaokou reservoir.
4.1.3.3.2. Water balance estimation
Basic hydrologic data In the project area, the only hydrologic station is Jiaokou Reservoir Hydrologic Station which has recorded data since 1974. There is another hydrologic station in Xikou, in a neighbouring basin. Xikou Station has collected 28 years of hydrological data from 1956 to 1983, which includes water level, flow, water temperature, precipitation, and sediment concentration. The project area has relatively many precipitation stations. From 1950s to 1990s, 10 rain stations have been operating in the lower and upper reaches of the catchment area: Jiaokou (Zhang village), Lizhou, Zhangxi and Shangzhuang. Out of these meteorological stations, 5 (Lizhou, Zhangxi, Hualongzhuang, Jiangjiashan and Zifeng stations) are in the upper reaches of Zhougongzhai dam site. In addition, the data for Qixiangkeng, Dongao, Xiajialing and Huagaishan precipitation stations in adjacent catchment areas are also available. Characteristics of catchment areas were measured on 1/50,000 topographic maps (1973 edition). The catchment area of Zhangxi river upstream from Yinjiang Town is 348.7km 2 and the river length is 58.4km; catchment area in Jiaokou Reservoir dam site is 259km2 and river length is 43.35km.The catchment area of Zhougongzhai reservoir is 132km2 and the river length is 27.75km. The intermediate catchment area between Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs is 127km2 and the river length is 25.4km. The catchment area between Jiaokou dam and Yinjiang Bridge is 89.7km2 and the river length is 15.9km.
Runoff analysis The runoff in the catchment area is mainly formed by precipitation and the correlation between annual precipitation and discharge is good. The average annual runoff in the catchment area is 1,084mm. It ranges from 1,462mm in the highest flow year (1981) to 420.4mm in the lowest flow year (1967). The typical hyetograph shows 3 precipitation peaks: a large precipitation peak caused by typhoon rains usually occurs in September (in average 16.6% of the total annual runoff). A medium peak occurs in June (in average 13.1% of the total annual runoff) due to the so-called "plum rain 3 and a small peak occurs in March (in average 9.0% of the total annual runoff), its cause being spring rain. The low flow period stretches from November to February and the total runoff amount in these four months represents in average 14.9% of the total annual amount. The lowest flow month is December (2.9% of the total runoff). Correlation calculations between precipitation and runoff data were performed to extend the existing series at Jiaokou reservoir from the 1974-2002 (hydrologic data) to 1956-2002.
3this rain typically occurs inthe plums picking time
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The precipitation stations selected for Zhougongzhai reservoir catchment area are Dongao, Qixiakeng, Lizhou, Xiajialing and Zhangxi. The average annual precipitation of Zhougongzhai reservoir, calculated through the area weighted average method, is 1,840mm. Eight precipitation stations were selected for Jiaokou reservoir catchment area. Besides the five above-mentioned stations, the stations of Shangzhuang, Huagaishan and Jiaokou were also used. The average annual precipitation for the catchment area is 1,781 mm. Zhougongzhai reservoir will catch 52.92 % of the inflow to Jiaokou reservoir.
TABLE 15: RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF RESERVOIRS Jiaokou reservoir Zhougongzhai reservoir Mean annual precipitation (mm) 1,781 1,840 Mean annual runoff coefficient 0.609 0.612 Mean annual runoffamount (mr/s) 8.9 4.71 Mean annual total runoff amount (m') 281,000,000 148,600,000
Statistical analysis The statistical characteristics of Jiaokou reservoir inflow data are: - average: 8.90m 3/s - standard deviation: 1.91 - variation coefficient (Cv): 0.21 - skewness coefficient (Ce): -0.384 A statistical analysis of Jiaokou reservoir inflow data was performed to test the fitting of 1956-2002 data with different distribution laws. Three distribution laws were tested, and all of them showed a good correlation between observed and calculated data: normal (or Gauss) law (r = 98.4%), Gamma law (r = 97.3%) and Pearson IlIl (r = 98.9%). The Pearson IlIl curve was finally adopted (parameters: xo = 19.169, p = -0.358 and y = 28.687):
TABLE 16: CLASSIFIED INFLOWS TO JIAOKOU RESERVOIR
Exceedence probability p 90 % 75 % 50 % 25 % 10 % Return period (years) 1.1 1.25 2 4 10 Yearly average inflow (m3/s) 6.26 7.33 9.02 10.25 11.27 Yearly total inflow (Mm3 ) 197.6 231.3 284.6 323.5 355.7
The following graph shows the average, 75% and 90% hydrographs of Jiaokou reservoir inflows:
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20.0 3 mIs 18.0
16.0-
-aAverage / t\ 14.0 - =Q75%/
12.0-8.0 A/Q/0
6.0
4.0 -
2.0 Month 0.0-- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The figures corresponding to the graph are indicated in the following tables. The hydrographs for p = 75% and 90% are calculated by scaling the average hydrograph relatively to the average annual inflow.
TABLE 17: HYDROGRAPHS FOR JIAOKOU INFLOWS 3 (mIs) annual 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average inflow 8.9 3.4 6.0 9.4 8.5 9.1 14.2 10.2 14.7 18.0 6.4 3.8 3.1 Inflow p = 75 % 7.3 2.8 4.9 7.8 7.0 7.5 11.7 8.4 12.1 14.8 5.2 3.1 2.5 Inflow p = 90 % 6.3 2.4 4.2 6.6 6.0 6.4 10.0 7.2 10.3 12.7 4.5 2.7 2.2
4. 1.3.3.3. Water supply capability analysis of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs
Design parameters and approach In accordance with the five and ten year plans for socio-economic development, the design is made with regard to the expected conditions in year 2020. Based on the existing regulations and on the specific situation of the catchment area, water supply is to be guaranteed with the following satisfaction rates: * Yinxi Plain irrigation water: 85% (average failure rate: around one year out of 7); * urban and rural domestic water supply (Ningbo City central urban area and West Yinzhou): 95% (average failure rate: one year out of 20). These percentages cannot be directly applied to the operation of Jiaokou and Zhougongzhai, since these two reservoirs are only some of the sources of water for Western Yinxi plain and Ningbo City.
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Water needs for Yinxi Plain (irrigation and animal husbandry) are mainly provided by the Yinxi Plain river network. When the Yinxi Plain river network faces water shortage, Jiaokou reservoir supplements the river network. The objective for the water supply of Ningbo is to reach as soon as possible the full capacity of Maojiaping Water Treatment Work: 500,000m3/day. Water balance of Yinxi Plain river network Analysis and statistics are performed according to the "Comprehensive planning report of Yongjiang River Catchment area", "Yin County Water Conservancy Annals" and "Ningbo City Medium- and Long-Term Water Supply and Demand Plan Report". Yinxi Plain area is 226.7km2, out of which farmland represents 110.3km2, river network covers 19km2 , and non-agricultural land area represent 97.4km2. Due to the growing urbanisation, the cultivated area is expected to decrease year by year and consequently non-agricultural land will increase continuously. According to the development planning, farmland area in 2020 will cover 88.7km2, while non-agricultural land will represent 119km2 (river network water surface area should still cover 19km2). Yinxi Plain is mainly dedicated to rice cultivation: in 2001, paddy fields represented 103.8km2 (155,700mu) and while dry land covered only 6.5km2 (9,750mu). According to the forecasts of the development planning, paddy fields in 2020 will cover 83.8km2 (124,950mu) and dry land only 5.4km (8,100mu). The dry land area being relatively small, its water demand calculation is simplified and it is assumed that 1mu of dry land needs two times less water than 1mu of paddy land. In these conditions, the mean annual irrigation water demand in 2020 will be 47,320,000m3. Yinxi Plain river network high water level (3.53m) corresponds to a volume of 16,960,000m3 while the low water level (2.83m) corresponds to a volume of 10,020,000m3. The forecasted water demand in 2020 is: * Agricultural irriaation water: In 2020, the forecasted irrigation water demand represent an average input of 9,630,000m3/year. * Water for animal husbandry: In 2020 the forecasted water consumption for animal husbandry will be 1,210,000m3/year. Most of this demand will be supplied by the Yinxi plain river network. * ComDensation discharge: The compensation discharge corresponds to the minimum discharge that has to be provided to the downstream reach of a dam in order to preserve its environment. According to "Ningbo groundwater environmental functional division guidelines", the river section from Jiaokou to Tashan Weir is a "Class II water source protection area", and so its "environmental discharge" (pollution receiving capacity + compensation discharge) shall be equal to the monthly lowest flow for the year with p=90%. The frequency analysis of Jiaokou Reservoir from 1956 to 2003 shows that this environmental discharge is equal to 2.2m3/s. This value seems rather high, since it represents almost 25% of the average inflow (as a comparison, the ratio between the minimum discharge to be released by a dam and its average inflow represents 5 % in Nepal, 10 % in France and 5 to 20 % in U.K.). A ratio of 10 %, corresponding to an environmental discharge equal to 0.9 m3/s is therefore recommended for Jiaokou reservoir. Note that this value is outside the range of discharges of the hydropower: 1.736 to 9.259m3/s (150,000 to 800,000m3/day). * Other water needs: Other water uses mainly includes water consumption for nautical navigation ship lock and water uses in the lower reaches. They are estimated to 560,000m3/year.
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When the river network water balance is calculated (without taking into account the incoming flow 4 from mountainous region in the upper reaches of Jiaokou reservoir and Xixia reservoir ), the water inflow of the river network consists in non-reservoir runoff and wastewater from plain and mountainous regions. The calculation principle for Yinxi Plain river network water balance is the following one: * when the river network water level is higher than the "low level", water is supplied only by the river network; * conversely, when the river network water level is lower than the "low level", Jiaokou reservoir provides water for supplementation; * when the river network water level is higher than "high level", the river network discharges water to the main rivers. The average results of the water balance calculations performed on data from 1963 to 2002 are summarized in the following table.
TABLE 18: WATER BALANCE RESULTS OF YINXI PLAIN RIVER NETWORK Q (m3ls) Vd (m3lday) Vy (m3 lyear) Average inflow to Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs 8.90 768,960 280,862,640 Water losses in reservoirs Water needs for Ningbo -6.13 -530,000 -193,582,500 Animal husbrandry 0.00 -164 -60,000 Yinxi irrigation -0.31 -26,366 -9,630,000 Mountainous areas -0.12 -9,993 -3,650,000 Other purposes -0.02 -1,533 -560,000 Water discharged in the downstream reach of Jiaokou reservoir 2.33 200,904 73,380,140 lower reach is in any case higher than the environmental We can see that the discharge in the 3 requirement calculated in the previous chapter: 0.9m3/s (recommended value) to 2.2m /s (maximum estimate). Available water for ioint operation of Zhoucionqzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir The joint operation principles are: * Water for farmland irrigation and animal husbandry in Yinxi Plain is taken from Yinxi Plain river network. * When Yinxi Plain river network can not meet the 40,000Vtd plain farmland irrigation, animal husbandry and other purposes (including environmental water consumption), Zhougongzhai reservoir and Jiaokou reservoir discharge water for supplementation. * Under the precondition that Zhougongzhai reservoir and Jiaokou reservoir meet the water consumption for Yinxi Plain farmland irrigation, animal husbandry and other purposes, besides supplying 10,00O0d water to the mountainous region (including Zhangshui town) between Jiaokou reservoir dam and Yinjiang town, Zhougongzhai reservoir and Jiaokou reservoir will supply domestic and industrial water to Yinxi and Ningbo central urban area through joint operation to enable the residents in Yinxi and Ningbo central urban area to use the high quality reservoir water. * When the reservoir water storage is less than water supply capacity, water supply for farmland irrigation is stopped so as to ensure domestic and industrial water utilization.
3 4 Xixia reservoir is a reservoir that was built West from Hengjie, but not commissioned yet. Its expected regulation volume is 25,360,000m . It will regulate an average inflow equal to 20,000,00Gm3. The project is planned to be completed within the next years. The reservoir will be aimed at supporting water supply inthe Yinxi Plain. The exact way this wiil be achieved isnot fixed yet.
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The present dead water level of Jiaokou Reservoir is 37.68m.The feasibility studies for the water intake concluded that the dead water level will have to be raised to 41.18m. The corresponding reduction of the active storage capacity of the reservoir is negligible. NB: It is important to note that Jiaokou reservoir is quite deep and therefore the bottom water remains at 4°C throughout the year while the upper water is warmer. Thus, there will not be any turnover of water in the reservoir.
4.1.3.4. IMPACT ON DOWNSTREAM RIVER HYDROLOGICAL REGIME
The implementation of the diversion project will first impact the average flow discharge by Jiaokou reservoir in the downstream reach, since 65% of the present inflow to the reservoir is planned to be diverted in future. The following table and graph show the forecasted influence of the project on the downstream flow, based on years 1974-2002 data.
TABLE 19: FORECASTED INFLUENCE OF THE PROJECT ON THE DOWNSTREAM FLOW OF JIAOKOU RESERVOIR inflow to outflow outflow Month Zhougongzhai /Jiaokou (before diversion project) (after diversion project) 1 4.06 3.91 3,90 2 5.99 3.54 3,10 3 10.26 6.24 2,70 4 8.51 7.93 4,28 5 6.93 8.14 6,76 6 13.58 10.35 1,42 7 11.94 15.20 3,00 8 18.13 20.12 3,12 9 17.82 15.16 4,33 10 6.26 7.06 2,42 11 5.01 6.01 3,09 12 3.81 5.39 4,04 average 9.36 9.09 3,51
20
15 _ _ f
10
is~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ofi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 11 12
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The catchment area from Jiaokou reservoir to Tashan Weir represents 100km2. There are several small streams flowing to Zhangxi river, the closest one being 1km downstream from Jiaokou dam.
So, the main impact of the diversion project will be an improvement of the flood routing capacity in the basin, due to the construction of Zhougongzhai reservoir and its joint management with Jiaokou reservoir, but the dry season-wet season cycle of the river will not be disrupted.
Provided that the minimum environmental flow in the downstream reach is respected, the diversion project is expected to have minor impacts on the environmental condition in the lower reach.
The following graph shows a simulation of the joint operation of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou, based on the following hypothesis: * the limitation of the reservoirs capacity during the Typhoon season is taken into account. * due to their joint operation, Jiaokou and Zhougongzhai reservoirs are considered as a single reservoir. * the water demand corresponds to the 2020 conditions. * The compensation discharge required is O.9m3/s.
1IR0 mm'
160 n 180S
140 ~ 1 l 1
120
100-
60
40-
20-
0
> > > S X SX S X X $ X Sg S S
It can be seen from the graph that the joint operation of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs allows satisfying the water needs with a good satisfaction rate: out of 348 months, there is no deficit of water.
According to the project water balance calculation and thanks to the construction of Zhougongzhai reservoir, the diversion project will not affect the water supply for downstream needs: irrigation, villages, husbandries, etc
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4.1.3.5. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY INTHE LOWER REACHES
The minimum outflow from Jiaokou reservoir, in normal operation conditions, is expected to be at least equal to the compensation discharge. With regard to COD, the quality of the downstream reach of Jiaokou reservoir will not meet Class II requirements if [COD] > 15 mg/I. Taking into account only the dilution of COD (its decay is neglected) and assuming that the outflow from Jiaokou is equal to the compensation discharge, we can say that the COD concentration in the river will exceed Class II requirements if the quantity of COD released daily in the Zhangxi river exceeds 0.9 xl 5 x 86.4 = 1166kg. Pollution source surveys were conducted in the river section. The average COD discharge from industries represent 139kg/day. The domestic pollution sources are estimated as follows: there are seven villages on the two banks of Zhangshui town and domestic wastewater discharge is 2,400t/day, and the estimated COD discharge of domestic pollution source is 360kg/day (corresponding to an average concentration equal to 150 mg eq.0 2/1). So, in average, the daily release of COD from industries and villages in the downstream reach represents 499kg. In these conditions, a total daily release of 2306kg in Zhangxi river will only be possible if the outflow from Jiaokou reservoir presents a COD concentration higher than 11.75mg/l. Water quality surveys performed in 2002 and 2003 showed COD concentrations at Jiaokou reservoir outlet ranging from 1.47 to 1.77mg/l, which is far below the critical value of 11.75mgA. In such conditions, the Class II requirement of Zhangxi river will most certainly be satisfied.
Investigations on the present condition of the hydrobiont were performed, in combination with a comprehensive analysis of the future water diversion and distribution method (after completion of Jiaokou reservoir water diversion project, the water exchange quantity in the upper reaches of Yinjiang River will be reduced). After the completion of the project, the resources of the benthic fauna and fishes producing viscid eggs in the upper researches will be reduced. However, the investigated river sections have no important commercial fishes and species resources. Moreover, most animals have a short life cycle and so an early sexual maturity: they reproduce after 1 year of life, and can be quickly restored under harsh environment conditions after serious resource damage. Therefore Ningbo Water Supply Project will have small impact on the species resources of the hydrobiont in Zhangxi river in the upper reaches of Yinjiang river. But the reduction of incoming water and decrease of water level of Zhangxi river may possibly cause some adverse effect on the reproduction and resource of several important sedentary commercial fishes such as the snakehead fish.
4.1.3.6. IMPACT OF SLUDGE DISCHARGE FROM WATER TREATMENT WORK
As the sludge produced from water treatment process of Maojiaping WTW contains much water, it will undergo a dewatering treatment. Sludge will be delivered to sludge balancing tank and is dewatered by plate press and the dewatered dry sludge is conveyed to sludge shed or is disposed of in landfill.
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The dry sludge quantity of Maojiaping WTW is 17.8Wtd and sludge shed can store sludge for seven days with maximum storage being 124.6t. If the sludge is discarded in a random way, it will become potential pollution sources for surface water and groundwater both in the near term and in the long term. However the sludge composition of water treatment work is different from that of wastewater treatment plant and its main constituent is organic fertilizer that basically contains no poisonous and harmful substances. It is stored in sludge shed and anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures are taken for sludge shed and irrational piling is avoided, thus it has small impact on the environment. The treated dry sludge is used as backfill, utilized in local brick and tile factories or utilized for farmland after stabilization and non-harmful treatment. Due to stabilization and non-harmful treatment, dry sludge will have small impact on soil environment. Dry sludge shall be systematically piled and not allowed to cover vegetation, otherwise it will affect ecological environment. If possible, dry sludge in sludge shed will be comprehensively utilized according to actual situation and undergo non-harmful treatment, thus it will not cause impact on environment. NB: According to related domestic and foreign data, sludge produced from the production of tap water is mainly used as resource and is mostly for landfill or building materials after dewatering and agricultural use is also encouraged. But sludge from most water works in China are mainly discharged without dewatering, thus sludge has not been rationally utilized. Dry sludge of this project is stored in sludge shed for seven days. Sludge composition is basically the same as soil composition and can be used as road paving muck so as to sufficiently utilize resources or be used for agricultural purposes. In addition, to realize rational utilization of sludge, water work shall contact local manufacturers or Muck Office of Ningbo Municipal Govemment and make an appointment and registration in advance to arrange comprehensive sludge utilization approaches and avoid unordered sludge accumulation. In general, treatment of dry sludge shall first consider resource recovery and comprehensive utilization. If utilization condition is temporarily unavailable, sludge can be used as backfill to protect limited soil resources. If sludge can not be promptly utilized or comprehensively utilized, it can be used as mulching soil for refuse landfill and unordered accumulation is not allowed so as to realize rational storage of excessive sludge.
4.1.3.7. IMPACT OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE OF WATER TREATMENT WORKS
Wastewater from water treatment works is mainly backwash water in filter unit (7,900m3/d) and sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank (6,00Om 3/d), and additionally domestic wastewater (30m 3/d). Wastewater can be treated to be up to standard and eventually flow into Yinxi river network through Xiaoxi river near the WTW site. Yinxi river network water function belongs to Class IlIl function area. According to comparison with the projects of the same type, process water quality is 70mg/l for SS and 73mg/l for COD and contains no other poisbnous and harmful substances; domestic wastewater contains COD<100mg/l after treated by in-plant small buried wastewater treatment equipment and can reach Grade I discharge standard. Therefore besides a part of the up-to-standard effluent is used for landscaping of mountainous land, the excessive part is introduced through pipes to the nearby river (Xiaoxi river) outside the plant without causing water environmental deterioration of river network and is used to make up irrigation water demand.
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4.1.3.8. IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL
Noise produced from operation of Maojiaping WTW is mainly the noise produced from operation of various water pumps that are mostly arranged under the ground of structure or in the rooms of buildings. After sound insulation and vibration reduction treatment, the noise is much attenuated before reaching the external environment. At present, noise is below 6OdB(A) and can be reduced for 2OdB(A) after 10m distance, thus it basically has no impact on the external acoustic environment of the water work (and sensitive villages near the water work is 200m away from the plant). According to plan layout of WTW, in-plant landscaping area will be great with various trees, climbing plants and herbal plants. On the interior of enclosing wall of plant area, shrubs with strong absorption are arranged to form an isolated area. These measures are conducive to the reduction of noise impact on surrounding environment.
4.1.3.9. IMPACT OF GENERATED WASTEWATER INTHE WATER ENVIRONMENT
After completion of this project, total water supply of Ningbo city will increase by 500,OOOm3/d but the preliminary statistics shows (see section 3.1.3.2) that water supply capacity of water works will decrease by 240,000m3/d due to ceasing production at some water works (at least 16). The net gain through this project is 260,000m3/d. If the wastewater produced is calculated as 85% supply water increase, the wastewater increased will be 221,000m3/d. But from the present situation, the treatment capacity is insufficient and only 25% of need. As a result, a large quantity of industrial and domestic wastewater is directly discharged into rivers without treatment and causes pollution of water body. According to Ningbo urban water discharge plan, in order to avoid and improve pollution of urban rivers, urban wastewater treatment plants are planned for construction. By 2020, the capacity of all planned wastewater treatment plants in the central city of Ningbo will reach 2,700,000m3/d. According to the city masterplan, urban water supply capacity in 2020 will reach 3,000,000m3/d and total wastewater quantity will be 2,210,000m3/d, thus wastewater treatment rate will reach 100%. As a result, the impact of water discharge quantity on Ningbo city water environment will be reduced and water environment will be improved. NB: While this project is completed in 2008, Jiangdongnan Area WWTP and Zhenhai Houhaitang WWTP will all be completed (capacities are 160,000m3/d and 30,000m3/d respectively). Obviously, the planned wastewater treatment plants (190,000m3/d) can receive 86% of the additional generated wastewater quantity of this project.
4.1.3.10. IMPACT ON TASHAN WEIR
Tashan Weir is situated at the outlet of Zhangxi River in the west head of Yinzhou Town. It was published as a national key cultural relic protection unit by State Council in January 1988 and was chosen as one of ten scenic spots in Ningbo City in 1994. It can both fight against drought and regulate water quantity into Nantang River. More than a thousand years has been past, Weir body is still basically intact and it can still exert the function of "blocking salty water, storing fresh water, draining flood and diverting water" from the present situation. For this project, as taking water from reservoir may cause decrease of river drainage flow, water flow erosion to upstream weir body is reduced accordingly. Its structure is rational and solid and reduction of incoming water from upper reaches should not basically cause impact on Tashan Weir. The function of blocking seawater salty tide will not be reduced. Therefore the project construction will not cause adverse impact on Tashan Weir.
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4.1.3.11. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CHLORINE LEAKAGE
Physical and chemical characteristics
Chlorine is a gas with penetrating odour under normal conditions, toxic, and 2.5 times of the specific weight of air. The chlorine may be compressed into amber liquefied state with specific weight of 1.5 and is supplied in cylinders with pressure of 0.6 - 0.8MPa. One kilogram liquefied chlorine may change into 0.31 m3 chlorine gas after gasification.
Chlorine has strong active chemical characteristics. Wet chlorine may combine with most elements. It becomes hydrochloric acid after solution in water.
Chlorine cannot combust in air but may react strongly with many chemicals, such as acetylene, terebinth, aether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbon, hydrogen, metal powder etc with explosion or generate explosive substance. It has a corrosive reaction with metal and non-metal substance.
Hazardous characteristics
Chlorine has extreme irritability on the mucous membrane of eyes and respiratory systems. It will generate nascent oxygen and hydrochloric acid after contact with moisture air. Both substances will all cause serious inflammation on body tissues.
The harmful effects of chlorine are similar with ammonia and nitric oxide. It will mainly effect the tissues in the mucous membrane cells of respiratory tract. In this way, the swelling of respiratory tract with large amount of mucus secreted will cause dyspnea. The mild intoxication will cause acute cough with bad sensation in respiratory tact even with stuffy feeling or pains in the chest. The serious symptom will cause pulmonary oedema that will cause death with failure of respiratory tract.
According to the stipulations in national "Maximum Permitted Concentration of Harmful Substance in the Atmosphere of Residential Area", the maximum permitted concentration of chlorine in atmosphere should not over 0.1mg/m 3. The national "Design Hygiene Standard for Industrial Enterprises" stipulates that the maximum allowed concentration of chlorine in workshop is 11 mg/m 3.
Emeraence and fire fighting measures
Whenever chlorine leakage happens, fireman with respirators and total body suits should shut off the valve of cylinder immediate. Water should be sprayed to keep the cooling of vessels in fire site and provide protection on the fireman who shut off the valve.
The person inhale chlorine should be retreated from the polluted area for rest and keeping them warming. The serious affected person should be send to hospital for emergency treatment. The irritated eyes should be flushed with clean water and seek doctors' help if it is acute. The contacted skin should be flushed with clean water firstly then rinse with soap completely. The burning should be treated in hospital.
Reguirements on storage and transportation
The toxic chlorine should be stored at special warehouse with shady, dry and well-ventilated conditions. It should be kept away from the heat and fire sources and avoid direct sunlight. Special attention should be made on isolation with acetylene, terebinth, aether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbon, hydrogen, metal powder etc. The safety cap and anti-shocking rubber ring on the cylinder must be assembled before handling. The damages of the vessel should be prevented without rolling and shock. The tightness of valve should be checked with soap water regularly. In addition, the chlorine leakage in warehouse should be checked.
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The respiratory and total protective suit should be worn. All fire sources should be put off. The leaking valve should be shut off immediately. The leaking cylinder should be removed from the warehouse to open area and put into solution of siacked lime to prevent poisoning. The discharged air should be send to water scrubber or draught cupboard connected with the scrubber with discharging fans. Measures used in the Proiect To avoid any possible leakage of chlorine, the selection of chlorine-adding equipment should be carefully specified. The automatic all vacuum chlorine-adding equipment with reliable safety and advanced performance is selected in the design. It can reduce the chlorine leakage to a minimum level to increase the safety of chlorine-adding procedure. The detection and alarm system for the chlorine leakage is installed at the chlorine-adding room. It is also equipped with neutralization equipment for leaking chlorine. The circulated alkaline liquid in the treatment equipment will be used for the neutralization of leaking chlorine with the tail gas discharge into atmosphere after checked for qualifications with treatment. In this way, the chlorine leakage in water plant will not damage the environment. According to the physical and chemical characteristics in 'New Safety Manual of Hazardous Substance" and hazard analysis, the precautions in storage and transportation are proposed with the anti-leakage measures taken in Maojiaping WTW, it is considered that the environmental protection measures is effective with the highly recognized by the water purification plant on the hazards of chlorine. The measures also meet the requirements in the "Safety Manual".
4.1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ZHOUGONGZHAI RESERVOIR PROJECT
The Environmental Impact Report of Ninbo City Zhougongzhai Reservoir, the serially linked reservoir in the upper reaches of Jiakou reservoir, has been completed by Zhejiang Provincial Design Institute of Environmental Protection Science in November 2001 and the background of this project environmental assessment and the main evaluation conclusion for its environmental impact are as follows: 4.1.4.1. NATURE OF ZHOUGONGZHAI RESERVOIR
Zhougongzhai reservoir is in Daojiao river in the upper reaches of Yinjiang river, a tributary of Fenghuajiang river, 7.5km upstream of Jiaokou reservoir. The dam site is in Zhougongzhai village (included in Zhangshui Town in Yinzhou District) and the power generation plant is on the right bank of the river 350m upstream of Duao village at 2km in the lower reaches of the dam site. Zhougongzhai reservoir is a comprehensive use reservoir combining water supply, flood control and power generation. In terms of water supply, under the precondition that water utilization in Yinxi plain is not affected, it operates jointly with Jiaokou reservoir to supply high quality water source to Ningbo city urban area to the greatest extent. In terms of flood control, it operates jointly with Jiaokou reservoir to achieve the 5% annual flood occurrence control standard. In terms of power generation, it supplies peak load power to the electricity grid.
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4.1.4.2. SITUATION OF SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND
River water system Yinjiang river is in the west of Yin county (present Yinzhou district) and is a tributary of Fenghuajiang river. It originates from the south foot of Longyan hill in Siming mountain at the junction of the three cities and counties of Fenghua, Yuyao and Yin County and its total length is 59km. Its main stream Dajiao river is 42.5km in total length and catchment area is 169km2, and it joins with the tributary Xiajiao river (length 24km and catchment area 90km2) and then enters Jiaokou reservoir. The lower reach of Jiaokou reservoir is Yinjiang river (also called Zhangxi river). This drainage basin belongs to flashy stream with short source and rapid stream and scanty hydrobiont resources and there is no rare and valuable wild hydrobiont. Terrain and landform Dajiao river is a part of low mountain hill region in east Zhejiang and belongs to Siming mountain, a branch of Tiantai mountains. The surface relief inclines from southwest to northeast and watershed elevation is mostly 300-900m with peak being 976m. In the catchment area, chain of mountains stretch long and unbroken and ravines run in length and breadth. River fall head is great and river source is short and stream is rapid. The river valley in dam site is in the 'V" shape and two banks are relatively symmetrical. Width of low river valley is 30-60m, width near dam top is 360-390m, average slope of left bank is 35-37, average width of right bank is 36-40, and ridges in dam site are 60m higher than the top of dam. Encineering geolo_v The location of the reservoir is situated in the second umbo of neocathaysian macrotectonics southeast of secondary cathaysian structural belt on the west edge of Ningbo Basin. Affected by Siming Mount Xiepu NE direction structural belt and Huangtan-Dayin NNE direction secondary structural belt, the survey area is mainly based on NE direction fracture with NNE direction as secondary and there is certain dense zonal zonality. The nodal region of this project is between secondary structural belts and structural influence is relatively weak. The basic earthquake intensity of the reservoir is VI degrees. Massif is abundant around the reservoir and is impervious stratum. Underground watershed is much higher than designed water level of the reservoir and residential points and farmland are sparse. No valuable mineral resources have even been found in the reservoir and there will be no water leakage or submersion after the reservoir is completed. Soil vegetation Soil distributed in the reservoir drainage basin mainly is red earth, yellow red earth subgroup and paddy soil. Red earth is distributed below 200m elevation line of low mountain hill, yellow earth above 500m and between 200-500m is transitional red yellow subgroup interpenetrated with red earth. Paddy soil is distributed in the farmland on the two sides of deans. Vegetation in the drainage basin belongs to mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt and forest coverage is over 65%. Due to frequent human activities, most indigenous vegetations are damaged and most existing forests are manmade forests or secondary forests. Main conifer trees are Chinese red pine, fir, cryptomeria and golden larch etc; main evergreen broad-leaved trees are oil tea camellia, lotus, camphor tree, Qinggang, holly and palm etc; deciduous broadleaved trees are Liquidambar formosana Hance, sassafras, gingko, china grass, Chinese chestnut etc; shrub and between-forest vegetation are oak, Rhododendron simsii Planch, oriental blueberry, poplar and wisteria; and bamboo is Mao bamboo.
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Present situation of soil erosion The relief type of reservoir area belongs to low relief terrain. The present vegetation in the reservoir catchment area and dam site is well protected and vegetation coverage is relatively high. Soil erosion modulus in this area is 440tkm -and belongs to slight erosion area. The type of soil erosion is mainly hydraulic erosion and the main form is surface erosion. Social economy Reservoir catchment area includes Zhangshui town (a small part) in Yinzhou district, Zhangxi township, Dalan town and a part of Siminshan town with total population of 32,000 people and 20,000mu farmland. The project area belongs to economically backward Simingshan region with inconvenient traffic. Except water resource and forest resource, other resources are deficient in this region. Local economy is mainly based on crop and plant cultivation and forestry and a small part is extensive processing industry mainly based on forest product, such as bamboo processing, bamboo shoot can processing and tea manufacturing industry. Agriculture is mainly based on planting such as paddy, wheat, soybean and sweet potato. Resettlement and relocation According to the resettlement plan of affected residents proposed by Yin County People's Government, by the planned level year 2005, the total number of people moving out of Zhougongzhai reservoir is 2,373, including 2,331 agricultural population and 42 non-agricultural population: 993 in Zhougongzhai village, 287 in Waian village, 332 in Lian village, 245 in Taokeng village, 199 in Jiangjiashan village, 277 in Wukeng village, 6 in Maohuo village and 34 in Baiaodong village. Implementation of resettlement plan is the responsibility of local Zhangshui town People's Government. 1,000 agricultural population and 42 non-agricultural population are arranged in Zhangshui town and others move out to adjacent townships and towns, e.g. 500 people to Dongqiao town, 670 to Gulin town and 148 to Jishigang town.
4.1.4.3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AFTER COMPLETION OF RESERVOIR
Favorable influence 1. Construction of this project will alleviate the situation of supply water shortage in Ningbo city and increase flood prevention and control ability in Yinxi plain. It is of great importance to promoting further rapid economic development of this city and achieving the goal of building Ningbo into the important industrial city, heavy petrochemical base, foreign trade port in East China and the economic center in Zhejiang. 2. This reservoir has significant flood storage and peak clipping function for the flood occurring once every twenty years and is very conducive to the safe operation of Jiaokou reservoir and flood control safety of Yinxi plain. 3. The reservoir changes the natural discharge process of the dam site. Drain flow decreases in high water period and increases in low water period, thus it homogenizes the incoming runoff of Jiaokou reservoir, increases the regulating and storing capacity and can better meet the requirement of water utilization. 4. When two reservoirs jointly supplies water, flow to the lower reaches of Jiaokou reservoir will decrease and cause deterioration of watercourse water under adverse hydrological conditions. The reservoirs shall drain some water to supplement and maintain the function of watercourse water body. 5. When Zhougongzhai reservoir is completed, water quality of the reservoir can reach Class l-Il surface water standard and nutritional level of the reservoir is medium.
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6. Theoretically, the project will have some effect on the climate after its completion. It will increase humidity in reservoir region and annual average air temperature and reduce annual air temperature difference and rainfall, but the degree of impact is small and limited near the reservoir. 7. During relocation of people from reservoir area, the living and production conditions of the settlers will be improved. They will have more job opportunities and their living standard will be increased to a large extent. It will have small impact on the environment in the relocation area. Number of relocated people is small and their means of production is basically not affected, because construction of houses will occupy some forest land and impact on the people's living standard is very limited. After technical training and policy support, their living standard can be maintained as present or be improved, but it is greatly different compared with externally migrated people.
Adverse effect 1. When the reservoir is completed, temperature of drain flow is low and it has some impact on some farmland between Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs. The impact can be avoided by taking agricultural measures. 2. Soil erosion will be caused to a great extent during road construction. Waste residues will be comprehensively utilized, but still a part of it will be discarded, causing some adverse effect on the environment. 3. Wastewater, waste gas, water residue and noise during project construction will have adverse effect on the environment and the health of construction personnel and nearby residents. Adverse effect can be reduced by taking measures of dust suppression, wastewater treatment, sound insulation and other non-engineering measures. 4. The project is very unlikely to cause earthquake and effect of peripheral earthquake on the project area is grade 4. Reservoir bank is stable and has no immersion effect. 5. Excavation, landfill, road construction and resettlement of affected residents will damage vegetation and cause adverse effect on ecology, but it will not affect the living environment of valuable and rare animals and plants.
Conclusion of comprehensive assessment In summary, construction of this project is very significant to the economic development of Ningbo city and its economic benefit is obvious. Reservoir submersion, project construction and operation will cause adverse effect on water, air, acoustic environment and ecological environment. However as long as related national environmental protection laws, regulations and environmental standards are strictly executed and necessary environmental protection measures are taken, its adverse effect on the environment can be minimized and the environmental protection goal can be achieved.
4.1.4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURE
Reservoir water quality orotection measure After completion, Zhougongzhai reservoir will assume the task of water supply to Ningbo city jointly with Jiaokou reservoir in the lower reaches. Therefore it is necessary to strengthen water quality monitoring and pollution source investigation and understand the water condition in the reservoir and catchment area so as to provide basis for water source protection. To further strengthen water quality protection and monitoring force, it is recommended that Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs be defined as a first-class protection zone of Class 11water quality drinking source. Their area area are 2.3km2 and 4.0km2 respectively. The suroundingarea of 0.5km scope is defined as a second-class protection zone of Class 11water quality drinking source. The other areas within the catchment area is defined as a quasi-protection zone of Class 11water quality drinking source.
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Therefore, the following water quality protection measures should be taken: * Conventional water quality monitoring cross-section is set at Zhougonghai reservoir head, power station effluent outlet, Jiaokou reservoir head and reservoir water outlet to periodically monitor water quality every year. * Do not discharge wastewater into water body in the Grade I protection zone; do not set dock unrelated to water supply and do not allow ships to berth; do not stack or store wastes such as feces; do not engage in planting and breeding fowls and livestock and strictly control cage culture; forbid all tourism activities and other activities that may possibly pollute water sources. * Do not build or expand construction projects that discharge pollutants into water body in the Grade II protection zone. Reconstruction projects must reduce discharge quantity of pollutants; original pollution discharge ports must reduce discharge quantity of wastewater to ensure that water quality in protection zone meet the specified Class II water quality standard. * Direct or indirect discharge of wastewater into water body from quasi-protection zone must conform to national and local wastewater discharge standard. When total quantity can not ensure that water quality in protection zone meets the specified Class II water quality standard, pollution discharge load must be reduced. * Use of highly toxic and high residue pesticide is forbidden in farmland in protection zones at various levels and use of phosphoric washing powder is forbidden. Encourage the use of farmyard clay manure and reduce the use of chemical fertilizer to reduce flow of nutritious substances into reservoir. * Some fishes that rely on plankton as food such as grass carp, crusian carp and silver carp (no bait) can be farmed to prevent reservoir eutrophication. * Strengthen the protection of water and soil resources in the upper reaches of reservoir area to reduce water and soil erosion. * Strengthen transportation management of poisonous and harmful materials on road in the reservoir area to prevent occurrence of pollution incidents. * Carry out control of total discharge quantity of pollutants from upstream of Zhougongzhai reservoir and Jiakou reservoir and ensure water in related areas attain the fundtional requirement.
Environmental protection during construction period
1. Construction wastewater treatment
Treatment of wastewater from sandstone system: two compartments of sand settling basins in 3 parallel are set (one compartment is standby with effective volume of 40m ). Outlet water from sand settling basins is settled through horizontal sedimentation tank (each should have two compartments with effective volume of 160m3 ) and supernatant is reutilized. Bottom settlings shall be cleared out periodically and enter into excavation waste dump. Grade I discharge shall be strictly implemented.
Treatment of flushing wastewater from concrete system: it is required that appropriate sedimentation tank (effective volume of 65m4) be set at discharge port of wastewater from mixing system and wastewater is discharged after sedimentation process. Bottom settlings are periodically cleared out and transported and piled in excavation waste dump.
Treatment of automobile washing water: automobile washing water mainly contains oil and mud 3 and sand etc. automobile washing yard shall be concentrated on barrage area and a 5m sand settling and oil separation tank is provided to collectively treat waste oil and to prevent washing about from polluting the environment.
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Treatment of machinery washing water: wastewater mainly contains oil and alkali. It is required that oil and water separator be set in repair shop to control oil content of wastewater to below 10mg/l before discharge. 2. Treatment of construction domestic wastewater Treatment of domestic wastewater: a buried type powerless wastewater treatment system is set in dam area, plant area, construction area and living area and disinfection is made periodically. The wastewater cleared out can be used as fertilizer for nearby farmland or be cleared out by local municipal environmental sanitation department. Treatment of wastewater from canteen: oil and water separator is set in canteens of all areas to treat wastewater before discharge. 3. Atmospheric environmental protection Construction personnel in seriously polluted dam construction area and intake tunnel shall strengthen labour protection and wear dust masks. Operation in tunnel shall try to use wet drill and strengthen air draft to improve working condition. Major construction roads shall be equipped with sprinkling trucks to timely spray water to reduce dust nuisance. For working face with serious dust pollution such as concrete mixing system, dust guard shall be used or high pressure atomization device be provided to remove dust. 4. Noise protection Construction personnel working in dam area, tunnel and construction road with serous construction noise pollution shall wear ear plug. Main high noise mechanical equipment shall be provided with noise insulation facility. Operation of sound source with strong noise level is forbidden at night, and automobiles should not use horns and shall run at slow speed when passing by residential areas. 5. Treatment of domestic refuse Two domestic refuse collection points are set in residential areas and domestic refuse is cleared by the local municipal environmental sanitation department (e.g. Zhangshui town) once a day in summer and once two days in other seasons. 6. Epidemic prevention and quarantine The construction company shall assign full-time medical care personnel to carry out health care and epidemic prevention and quarantine work for construction personnel, conduct physical examination for canteen staff every year, and carry out health administration in the work area and establish an epidemic situation reporting system. When infectious disease is found, besides reporting to higher level department, medical care personnel shall immediately take appropriate measures to control spread of diseases. For high risk groups who contact wastewater and harmful substances and whose quarantine result is highly positive, they shall undergo health inspection depending on situations to prevent occurrence and spreading of infectious diseases. 7. Water quality monitoring Water quality monitoring points are arranged according to monitoring plan to strengthen water quality monitoring and control force during construction period and to prevent pollution of water quality of Jiaokou reservoir and construction domestic water.
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Environmental protection in resettling area
Vegetation damage must be minimized during resettlement and relocation. Foundation earthworks will adopt the method balanced cut and fill to eliminate residual wastes. New resettling area shall carry out landscaping plan and "landscaping of nearby places" and use bamboo, orange and camphor trees as landscaping trees for courtyard and nearby places so as to restore vegetation, conserve soil and water, improve ecology and attain combination of environmental beautification with increase of farmers' income.
During resettlement and relocation, it is necessary to carry out environmental supervision to reduce environmental damage.
During construction of resettling area, it is necessary to well conduct wastewater treatment and centralized discharge according to new rural construction standard so as to reduce impact on reservoir water quality.
Ecological Protection countermeasure and soil and water conservation measures
The impounding process will cause damage of soil and water conservation facilities due to reservoir area submersion and the erosion of exposed and de-vegetated slopes during periods of heavy rainfall. It will be necessary to restore the vegetation cover as quickly as possible to stabilise the ground.
Construction organization and management along the line of reservoir area shall be strengthened, rare and valuable plants in reservoir area shall be properly treated once found and transplanted by forestry and environmental protection departments; wild animals shall be protected and returned to the nature and catching and killing is forbidden.
To reduce or avoid the impact of permanent land occupation for the project and temporary land occupation in construction period on land utilization, it is necessary to take the following measures: * Try to reduce temporary land occupation during construction period; * Restore vegetation and farmland as soon as various temporary land occupation projects are completed and realize using while leveling and landscaping while second plowing; * When waste land or other idle lands are used, they shall be promptly cleared and treated to restore vegetation and prevent soil erosion; * Reduce damage to farmland and vegetation around the working area. Construction camps shall not be set in farmland and forest land. Construction personnel shall be educated not to destroy forest or damage surface soil and vegetation outside camp site; * Strictly control forest felling and prohibit the felling of trees outside the construction zone.
During project construction, excavation and filling of main works, road reconstruction, material depot use and resettlement, soil and water erosion may occur, hence protection and landscaping measures must be carried out: * Except those covered with buildings, the occupied land at the dam site shall be leveled 3 and restored to forest: land leveling (87,707m ), earth covering (3,500m ), tree planting (10,088 Liquidambar formosana Hance, 10,088 Chinese red pines, 700 bamboos), 2 broadcast sowing grass seeds (64,861 M2), spray sowing grass seeds (852m ), planting Boston ivy (330 pieces). * The project temporarily occupies 106mu land, of which 56.66mu will be restored to paddy field and the rest will plant tea tree (3,330 pieces), Liquidambar formosana Hance and Chinese red pine (7,794 pieces on 93.53mu), and broadcast sowing khuskhus (54,121 m2).
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* Cultivated area to be provided with grass 3,400m2 and lawn 734m2. For dam site road, 100 camphor trees, 1,521 red woods, 45 bamboos will be planted. Land leveling: 14,092m , earth excavation for cut slope: 2,100m3, earth excavation for drainage ditch: 103.3m3, and grouted slabbed area: 76.8m3. * Excavation waste dump needs to build grouted rubble retaining wall on the side of the river. When waste stockpiling is completed, the whole is to be covered with minimum 1.0 m. thick layer of top soil and planted with vegetation. * Waste residues for reconstructed road needs to be transported to the special waste dump and inside exposed surface along the road shall be greened with ivy and kudzu and grass seeds shall be scattered. * Reservoir bank protection forest shall be planted on the bank around the reservoir with total area of 29,145m2, 1,554 Liquidambar formosana Hance, fir and Chinese red pine trees are planted respectively and grass seeds are widely sown over 25,482m2. * The excavated grit gravel material yard in the lower reaches of the dam will be restored to farmland for 90mu by utilizing originally stripped and stockpiled topsoils. * Reconstruction of other special facilities and construction of management area shall undergo soil and water erosion treatment according to the requirement of soil and water conservation scheme. Water auality protection for river course in the lower reaches of Jiaokou reservoir Minimum compensation water discharges shall be met at all times. Total quantity control shall be realized for discharge of pollutants on the two banks of river course to avoid water quality deterioration caused by economic development. Guarantee measures for waste reuse downstream of the reservoir As domestic water for approximately 2,000 people in Duao village, downstream of power station, is diverted from original Zhougongzhai reservoir, 300m31d is needed on the basis of 150 lcd. During the dam construction this quantity of water cannot be guaranteed and it is recommended that small dams are constructed on the tributary streams, (upstream of Duao and Nianao villages) as a water source and these be connected through with original water supply system. The catchment area of this tributary is 1.797km2, mean annual flow is 0.064m3/s, daily water quantity is 5,530m3 , and daily average water quality in the driest month (P=90%) is 588m , sufficient for the water demand by villagers. When power station shuts down on emergency, reservoir emptying discharge (controlled with valve) will ensure the domestic and production water for residents in the lower reaches of Zhougongzhai reservoir are met. There is 1,000mu farmland downstream of Zhougongzhai reservoir and inlet to Jiaokou reservoir and water for 3,000 people is taken from Dajiao river. If 1m3/s water is discharged during the irrigation period and is 0.05m3/s discharged in non-irrigation period plus water from catchment area in the section, it can meet the water utilization requirement on the two banks of river course. Early-warning measure for water discharge downstream of the dam Water flow within the river, downstream of Zhougongzhai reservoir, will be compensation flow. Power generation will occur between 08.00 and 22.00 hrs during which time there will occur a large increase in discharge flow. In order to obviate problems and affect living conditions it will be necessary to advertise the times of increased flow. A warning notice will be required every kilometre of river, totalling 15.
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Pollution prevention and control measure for power plant area Main pollution source during operation period of the hydroelectric power station is domestic wastewater and domestic refuse produced by operation management personnel. The quantities are small. Wastewater is extremely diluted and refuse will be collected and transported for disposal to sanitary landfill.
4.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT COMPONENT
4.2.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION
According to the "Resettlement action plan for Cixi Wastewater Project", the permanent land occupation mainly occurs at the WWTP and the pump stations sites, and the temporary land occupation mainly concentrates at the pipeline construction sites during the construction period, and affects a total population of 228 people. Land to be permanently occupied by the construction of this project is 217.75mu (1.85ha), including the land for the new construction of two WWTP and 57 pump stations. In particular, the state- owned beach area to be permanently occupied is 164.25mu (including 63.75mu for the Eastern WWTP and 100.5mu for the Northern WWTP). The land to be permanently occupied by the construction of pump stations is 53.5mu, including 32.3mu of collectively-owned land (dry land owned by towns or villages) and 21.2mu of stated owned land (mainly the roadside greening belts or lawns). The population affected by land acquisition is 149 people. In this project, house removal will cover a total floor area of 2799.3m2, including 2249.3m2 of brick- concrete houses and 550.0m2 of brick-wood houses. Residential buildings of 6 households will be abolished and affect 18 persons (Xiuan village in Xiaolin town and Hongxing village in Andong town), a household's residential land will be affected, impacting 3 people (Xiaoshishan Second Farm Plantation in Fanshi town). In Gaojia village in Kuangyan town, the affected buildings are 350m2 of vacant brick-wood houses collectively owned. One enterprise (Youyi Copper Industry Co. Ltd.) will be affected by this project, an area of 0.6mu land will be occupied permanently by Xiaolin 3# pump station, and the enterprise's auxiliary Only one institution (Xinpu Credit Corporative) will be affected by facilities will be demolished. 2 Xinpu 1# pump station, a total of 620m2 of office buildings will be demolished, including 120m of brick-wood and 50Om2 brick-concrete office buildings. The total impacted population will be 58 people. Land to be temporarily occupied by this project is 4,045.3mu (269.42ha) in total, all for the construction use of sewage pipeline network. The duration of occupation is 6 months. In particular, the collectively-owned land to be occupied is 2,896.6mu (temporarily affecting 4,457 people), including 106.9mu of paddy field, 2,673.7mu of dry land, 33.Omu of orchard, 65.5mu of vegetable greenhouses, 13.4mu of bamboo field, and 4.1mu of non-farmland. The state-owned land to be occupied is 1,148.7mu, which is free for temporary occupation, including 676.4mu of greening belt, 179.2mu of automobile lanes, 293.1 mu for non-automobile lanes. Following the Resettlement Action Plan developed by Hehai University, a relocation and resettlement institution will be formed with the following organizations: World Bank Project Leading Group of Cixi Aquatic Environment Improvement; Cixi World Bank Project Office; Cixi Urban Drainage Co. Ltd.; Cixi House Abolishment & Relocation Office; Cixi State-owned Land resources Administration Bureau; Cixi House Management Office, Cixi Hongyi Real State Assessment Co. Ltd; Shanghai Municipal Design Institute; Migration Research Center of Hehai University.
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Based on the price in February 2003 and the migrant resettlement plan of this project, it is estimated that the total cost for the land acquisition, relocation and resettlement is 52.056 billion RMB for this project. The resettlement and relocation costs are presented in Table 20 and the principles of relocation and resettlement are as follows: * This project will occupy permanently 18.35mu of land, affecting 34 villages in 18 towns, requiring 32 people to be resettled. According to a social-economic survey, the main income source for the 34 villagers is industrial work. Presently persons in labour force to be affected by this project either work at enterprises or in tertiary industries. Land acquisition will have minimal impacts on their income. The compensation for occupied land and resettlement is estimated at 221,000 RMB. VVith the agreement of two third of the villagers, 146,000RMB can be spent on the welfare of all villagers. The rest 75,000RMB for resettlement compensation will be paid directly to the affected population. * The resettlement policies for the residential buildings of the migrants include the exchange of estate ownership, relocating and rebuilding to resettle and currency compensation. After the people to be relocated receive the currency compensation for their residential buildings, they can select freely from different resettlement approaches with the consideration of their own economic condition and personalized requirements. In addition, for the resettlement of facilities that have installed fixed phones and cable TV, compensation to the migrants should follow the actual standard of these service suppliers. Additionally, the migrants can receive compensation for removal, award for timely removal and some transitional allowances. * In order to avoid the disturbance to the production and business of the impacted enterprise (Youyi Copper Industry Co. Ltd) and after the negotiation with its owner, it was decided to resettle the enterprise with currency compensation. The rights and interests of the staff will not be affected. * The impacted institution (Xinpu Credit Corporative) has moved to a new office building, therefore this project office will not need to rebuild to resettle the institution. It was negotiated with its legal owner that the resettlement will be in the way of currency compensation. * For the infrastructure facilities and ground attachment affected, the property owner will be compensated by the owner of this project for and will be responsible for their recovery. * This project will temporarily occupy 3342.4mu of collectively-owned land, affecting 121 villages in 18 towns and 3 streets. The affected farmers can receive the compensation for the crops on the temporarily occupied land. According to the agreement reached between the affected villages and the project implementation institution, the construction team will take the responsibility to level the piled earthwork. Land that has been pressed tight by the construction machines will also be loosened and levelled by the construction team. The implementation organization will pay the villages for the re-farming of the land, and the villages are responsible for the water conservancy facilities and soil improvement.
The residents to be affected by this project are rural and town residents in Cixi. They have a similar living and working habitats and a shared cultural social background. Therefore, the affected population will not have any barrier to hamper their integration with the residents in the resettlement areas. In addition, only 6 households will need to abolish their residential buildings and be relocated in this project. The affected population is only 18. Therefore, there will be only small adverse social impacts. If this project's compensation principles and plans are applied, the affected residents' living standard will be enhanced.
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TABLE 20: RELOCATION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS Item Cost (RMB) Permanent land occupation 10,680,000 Temporary land occ pation 131,830,000 Removal of rural residential buildings 2,820,000 Removal of Removal of urban residential buildings 9,190,000 buildings Removal of collectively-owned houses 56,520,000 buildings ~Total 68,530,000 Removal of enterprises and institutions 7,260,000 Ground attachments 220,990,000 Others (inventory, design, monitoring, assessment, management, 81,270,000 training, preparation) Total 520,560,000
4.2.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION
4.2.2.1. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT
Construction wastewater will not be discharged directly into the canals because of suspended solids (SS), pH and a few oily substances. In order to reduce the influence on environment, the wastewater shall be treated through oil separated pond and sedimentation tank to reach an acceptable standard before being discharged in the environment.
As construction sites are close to the city, camping area is not needed and the amount of domestic sewage is minimal.
The construction of this project requires cofferdams or pipe jacking technologies to construct the sewers under the canals at 37 locations, with the potential for causing considerable impact on canal water bed movement and flows. Gravity flow pipes will be laid primarily using cofferdam technique and only in two locations (Sizaopu and Chaotang rivers) will pipe jacking be applied. The total earthwork in this project will reach 10,300m3. When excavating canal beds, any disturbance of the bed will impact on the canals leading to high turbidity and the decline of water quality in the immediate vicinity.
Canal banks which are disturbed by the sewer construction activities shall be reinstated as soon as possible, ensuring that full bank stability is attained, including re-vegetating where necessary and appropriate.
4.2.2.2. IMPACT FROM SOLID WASTE
Construction wastes
Construction waste consists of the domestic refuse produced by the construction staff and residual materials. If the construction cycle is calculated as 24 months and the number of construction staff is 300, the domestic refuse produced during the construction period is 0.3tVday. The total quantity of wastes is then estimated to 216t. This refuse shall be collected under the normal arrangements by the local environmental and sanitary department and otherwise by the contractor for disposal at a sanitary landfill site.
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Excavated spoil When laying the pipelines in this project, two construction techniques will be applied: pipe jacking and trench excavation. The working pit for pipe jacking is usually set every 300 m. During the pipe jacking, the earthwork quantity will not be equal to the displaced volume of pipe. This material will be transported to approve spoil dump. For the excavation method, the width of the trench for laying the pipe will vary according to pipe depth and ground conditions. Because the ground water table is high, dewatering techniques will be needed and, for the deeper sections of sewers, trench support systems. These techniques will minimise the quantities of excavated material (as compared with, for example, open trenches with side slopes). Excavated spoil in this project will be generally undisturbed soils that have not been polluted by previous construction. Excavated material will be temporarily stockpiled and then placed and compacted into the trench after pipe laying. Bulking will result in surplus material, added to that displaced by the sewer pipes. This material will be transported to approve dump site. The construction of trunk pipelines in this project will produce a total of 399,000m3 of excavated spoil, of which around 64% is generated in the excavation along Zhongheng line and 8.1% is generated along Dongwai ring road. Details are shown in the following table.
TABLE 21: QUANTITY OF EXCAVATED SPOIL INTHIS PROJECT Length of Excavated Looser earth Backfilled Excavated Sewage system pipeline earth (m3) earth spoil (m3) ______- (k mn) - (m ) (i )_pol3in Central and west 71.29 622,000 715,000 524,000 191,000 sewage pipeline system East sewage pipeline 21.84 448,000 515,000 307,000 208,000 system Total 93.13 1,070,000 1,230,000 831,000 399,000
As indicate in the following table, 82% of the excavated spoil can be fully reused and only 70,000m3 will be delivered into the landfill.
TABLE 22: PROSPECTS OF REUSE OF EXCAVATED SPOIL FROM DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF PIPELINE Quantity of Percentage of Name of roads excavated spoil Prospects of reuse of discarded soil reused soil 3 (mi ) (%) Zhongheng Line Reused in the construction of Zhongheng Line. Can 255,000 be used for filling up the paths, or used for spreading 80 roadside farmlands, vegetable land, or restore farmlands, lanes in vegetable fields and channels. Dongwai Ring Filling up the greening belts; discarded soil from Road 81,000 segment of Hangzhou Bay new district can be used 80 to fill up the roads and bumps in the new district; or delivered to Xisan landfill to cover the wastes. Huchong Highway 10,000 Andong Shipinyuanqu 11,000 Delivered to Xisan landfill to cover the wastes. 80 Road Anzong Highway 9,000 Xingcisi Road 11,000 Used to fill up the roads and bumps in the new 100 district in building and road construction projects Danshuihong Used for filling up roads in Danshuihong road Road 22,000 widening project; for spreading roadside farmlands 100 and vegetable fields. Total 399,000 82
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4.2.2.3. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY
The atmospheric environment could be impacted by dusts during construction works arising mainly from earthwork excavation, site stockpiling, earthwork backfill and during transportation. According to survey data at other sites, dust affects areas in the downwind direction 150m from the site (the TSP concentration level in the affected areas is 1.5 times as much the upwind reference point). The sites of the proposed Northern and Eastern WWTP are beach areas and there is no residential area or commercial zone nearby. Therefore, the construction dust will not affect the environmental quality of residential areas. Sewage pipelines and sewage lifting pump stations mainly lay along major trunk roads. Along the sides of the trunk roads (except Huchong highway) are normally vegetable fields, lawns, crop fields and only a few residential areas. However, when constructing the sewage pipelines in the urban areas where streets tend to be narrow and there are a high density of residents special attention should be paid to minimising dust generation. Fences should be set up along the boundaries of construction sites, and water should be sprayed regularly to reduce the dust emissions.
4.2.2.4. IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL
The major noise sources during construction are: bulldozer, excavator, transport vehicle, various pile driver, concrete mixer, vibrating pokers, electrical saw, crane, hoist, etc. Construction equipment, except transport vehicles, are considered as fixed acoustical sources. And a prediction model is used to indicate the noise attenuation with the increasing in distance from the acoustical sources. The noisiest sources are the fixed sources (like concrete vibrating pokers) and the impacted radius from the sources is from 20m to 60m according to daytime standard value (7OdB(A)) from Standard of noise at construction sites boundaries (GB12523-90). For the most used machines, prediction results indicate that the noise value of excavators is 66dB(A) at 20m away from the construction site boundaries, and 6OdB(A) at 40m away. In addition with the noise monitoring results at both sides of trunk traffic line (daytime 65.8dB(A)), when the excavator is 20m away from the construction site boundaries, the noise level is 68.9dB(A); and when the excavator is 40m away from the construction site boundaries, the noise level is 66.8dB(A). Compared with the daytime noise standard value for earthwork period regulated by Standard of noise at construction sites boundaries (GB12523-90), the estimated noise level is lower than the standard value (daytime 7OdB(A)). Compared with Type IV noise standard for trunk traffic lines areas as regulated in Standard of Ambient Noise in Urban Area (daytime 7OdB(A)), ambient noise level can meet the standard when the excavator is 20m away from the construction site boundaries. Analysis of the prediction results also suggests that, the monitoring points at Sanbei Secondary School in Sanbei Town and Chongshou Secondary School in Chongshou Town are closed to the 20m line from the construction sites, therefore these are sensitive to the impacts of construction noises. For the pump stations construction, the most sensitive ones are the Central 1#, Central 2# and West 1# because they are inside the urban towns (Changhe, Hushan and Kandun towns) near residential areas. According to Standard of noise at construction sites boundaries (GB12523-90), prediction results show that, noise within 50m from boundaries can reach the Standard during daytime; but during night construction, the distance affected by noise is 100m during site preparation phase and 300m during earthwork and piling phases. The rest of the pump stations in the sewage collection network will all be built along main highways and remote from residential, educational, cultural areas and commercial zones. Therefore, the construction noises will have minimal impacts on the general environment.
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Pump stations on town-level branch sewage pipeline in Sanbei Town, Xiaolin Town and Andong Town are all close to intersections of main roads or roadside residential areas. Here, noise levels already exceeded the standard and construction working will not increase this level.
The Eastern and Northern WvvTP are located in Hangzhou Bay new district and Cidong Industrial zone respectively. The sites are reclaimed beach areas waiting for further development and there are no residential and commercial areas within several kilometers. Therefore, the construction of sewage treatment plants can be carried out during day or night.
Low-noise equipments and facilities (e.g. hydraulic machinery rather than fuel machinery and high- frequency vibrating pokers or tampers) should be preferred to perform work when it is possible. For mobile machinery, such as scrapers and bulldozers, noise can be reduced through installing silencer onto exhaust pipes. When developing construction plans, management should be done to avoid, as much as possible, operating high-noise facilities at the same time. Operation time of high- noise facilities should be arranged more at daytime and less at night-time. During the construction of West 1#, Central 1# and Central 2# pump stations, night shift is strictly prohibited and noise barriers should be set up.
During the construction of pipelines, noise can be muffled by the erection of temporary fences. Stationary machines should be run in working compounds as much as possible; When the sewage collection pipeline is constructed along Huchong Highway, it is suggested that the construction is carried out simultaneously with the widening of Huchong Highway. If the pipe laying has to be carried out prior to the highway widening, as there is a high density of residential areas along both sides of the construction line, low-noise construction machines and construction methods should be used.
4.2.2.5. IMPACT ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
ImDacts on agriculture
The project's impacts on the ecological environment during construction period can be classified into permanent and temporary. Land to be permanently occupied under this project is 184,500m2 and the temporary land occupation is 1,262,900m2. Permanent land occupation is for Northern and Eastern WWTP, sewage pump stations and pipelines inspection chambers. Temporary occupation is for the pipelines construction, including 385,800m2 for the East sewage collection pipeline and 877,1 00m for the North sewage collection pipeline.
After completion of construction, the temporarily occupied land can restored back to its original condition and use. Width of land occupied by pipeline construction (working zone) is 20m, including the average width of pipe trench (5m). When the pipeline is laid in land used for agriculture or forestry, crops may be destroyed or yields may be reduced. According to 2002 Cixi Annual Statistics, vegetable yield is 1,807kg/ha for the recovery period and its price is 856RMB/t (e.g. 1547RMB/ha), price for scattered trees is 20,000RMB for 10,000 trees and price of lawn is 5RMB/m2 . Therefore, according to land use of the pipeline route (see the following table), the possible losses to agriculture are estimated to 2,060,000RMB including 115,000RMB for vegetables and 1,945,000RMB for lawns (excluding losses to forestry). The loss is a one-time.
For the greenbelts occupied by pipeline laying and pump station construction, turf or trees should be transplanted without damages.
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TABLE 23: ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LOSSES
Name of road Length of pipeline Vegetables (ha) Lawns (ha) excavation (kin) Zhongheng 32.48 64.96 - Line Dongwai Ring 15.65 - 38.90 Road Danshuihong 4.70 9.4- Road ______Total 52.83 74.36 38.90
Prevention of water loss and soil erosion
This project is located at plain areas with fragile soil state, liable to water erosion. This project is a linear project without large excavation volumes and most of the excavated earth will be back-filled to the trenches. Therefore soil erosion or water loss will not occur. The excavated earth, which is 399,000m3 in volume, has no harmful substances, thus can be disposed of to suitable other site where fill is required; such as Zhongheng Line road construction. The rest of the excavated spoil can be delivered to the city's landfill. Upon completion of construction works and reinstatement of the affected areas, the land should be re-vegetated as much as possible to stabilise the surface and minimise the possibility for soil erosion. This is particularly important on sloping ground.
4.2.3. IMPACTS DURING OPERATION
4.2.3.1. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT
The implementation of the Cixi Wastewater Project will reduce significantly the concentration of pollutants and nutrients in the effluents released in the canals network of Cixi City. For this reason, the Project is expected to have a positive impact on the average quality of water in the whole canal network.
However, the improvement of water quality is likely to be unevenly distributed, since the project will unequally modify the physical and chemical flows in canals. In peculiar, hydrodynamics are expected to have a determining role on the evolution of water quality at canal level: canals with a low renewal rate will be exposed to higher pollutants concentration and eutrophication risks whereas canals with a significant renewal rate are likely to present satisfying characteristics, in accordance with the Class requirements. In addition, the number and distribution of industrial wastewater source-points will obviously influence the water quality pattern of the canals network.
For the 3 following reasons, uncertainties still exist on the exact impact that the Project will have in terms of water quality improvement in each canal: * the future gates operation rules are unknown, and so is their influence on the canals network hydrodynamics; * it is planned to connect Caoerjiang river to the canals network, in order to increase the renewal rate of water in the canals network: this project is to be completed in the next years; * the future evolution of industrial wastewater discharges will be determined by both the industrial growth and the measures that will be taken to reduce direct industrial releases.
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In order to try and estimate the probable evolution of water quality in the canal network in the long term, two numerical models are under development. The first model concerns the canals network, while the second one focuses on discharges in the sea from the canals. These models are presented hereafter: it is clearly understood that both models are at a very early stage of their development, and therefore will need to be improved and updated in future. When the Cixi Wastewater Project and Caoerjiang river connection project are implemented, when the physical and chemical processes to be modelled are well understood, and when more data are available for their calibration, these two models might become powerful tools for the improvement of water quality through simulations of canals and gates operation. At present, the results that they provide cannot be directly used for the environmental impact assessment.
Forecasted sewage. Dollutant and nutrients releases The expected quality and quantity of sewage have been calculated in the Feasibility Study. Results are summarised in the following tables. The average inflow water quality monitored in 1995 - 2003 is used as the reference for water quality for year 2005. The total sewage quantity discharged into canals includes both treated and untreated sewage. Based on this, the total quantities of pollutant discharges could be estimated for the different phases of the project, taking into account the progressive commissioning of the two new WWTP, as well as Jiaochangshan WWTP.
TABLE 24: EXPECTED QUALITY OF INFLOW AND EFFLUENT OF TREATMENT PLANTS (MGIL)
Year BOD5 CODcr SS Total nitrogen Total phosphorus
Inflow quality in 2005 149.44 404.87 323.94 - Effluent Water Quality of Jiaochangshan 4.00 25 10 - 0.2 WWTP at present Inflow Quality in 2010 150 300 250 55 5.5 Predicted Effluent Water 10 50 10 15 0.5 Quality in 2010
The anticipated level of discharge of pollutants and nutrients from the City's sewerage system into the canal network is given in Table 25.
SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE92 JANUARY2005 TABLE 25: PLANNED QUANTITIES AND TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS AND NUTRIENTS RELEASED INCIXI'S CANALS NETWORK 2005 2010 1 2020 Type BOD COD SS BOD COD SS Total N Total BOD COD SS Total N Total I__ p ______~~~~~~~~I EWWNTP - 3640.88 7281.75 5475 1003.75 100.3 5475 10950 9125 2007.5 200.8 Quantity of NWWTP - 7281.75 14563.5 10950 2007.5 200.8 17520 35040 29200 6424 642.6 generated Jiaochangshan 1091.4 2956.5 2365.2 2463.75 4927.5 4106.25 905.2 91.3 - - - - - pollutants Directly 7909.6 21429.2 17144.1 3568.06 7136.12 5365.5 985.5 98.6 - - - - - V/a discharged Total 9001 24385.7 19509.3 16954.44 33908.87 25896.75 4898.3 491 22995 45990 38325 6431 843.2 EWVTP - - - 182.5 912.5 182.5 273.75 9.3 365 1825 365 547.5 18.3 Quantity of NWWTP 365 1825 365 547.5 18.3 1168 5840 1168 1752 58.56 discharged Jiaochangshan 29.2 182.5 73 164.25 821.25 164.25 248.2 98.3 - - - - - pollutants Directly 7909.6 21429.2 17144.1 2682.75 5365.5 4471.25 985.5 7.3 - - -. t/a discharged Total 7938.8 21611.7 17217.1 3394.5 8924.25 5183 2054.95 133.2 1533 7665 1533 2299.5 67.2 TOtal 1062 2774 2292 13559.94 24984.62 20713.75 2843.35 357.8 21462 38325 36792 4132 776 Total reduction 11.8 11.4 11.7 80.0 73.7 80.0 58.0 72-9 93.3 83.3 96.0 64.3 92-0 rate SGE_ JCA_ I01 I3 -RFNL P AG_ I JAURY20
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Canals network caPacitv The quantity of treated effluent that will be discharged daily by the wastewater treatment plants in the canals network is estimated at 244 000m3/day in 2010 and 420 000 m3/day in 2020. To assess the capacity of the canals network to receive such quantities of effluents, the simplest way is to compare these figures with rain volumes: the area of Cixi city which is drained by the canals network during rainfalls represents around 1,000km2 (20km x 50km). So, each single millimeter of precipitation per day represents 1,000,000m3 to be collected by the canals network, i.e. 2.4 times more than the planned effluent discharge in 2020. These figures indicate that the canals network obviously has a sufficient capacity to receive treated effluents from the WvTP. They also show that during the wet season, the pollution dilution action of treated effluents will be negligible with regard to the rainfall. Water quality modelling Water quality models are complex tools which need to be based on a significant range of input data to be valid. At present, the lack of site specific data for Cixi area is such that it prevents any calibration. The existing model is based on figures shown in the following tables. Results show rather high oxygen concentrations at some locations: eutrophication processes are likely to explain these high values, which are associated with pH values higher than 7. * Canals network model: The numerical model of the canals network is 1-D, made through MIKE 11 software. Unsteady flow conditions are simulated, based on St Venant Equations. Three situation are simulated: before the implementation of the project, after the implementation of the stage 1 of the project and after the implementation of the stage 2 of the project. Water quality parameters presently considered by the model are the dissolved oxygen, the biological oxygen demand, the chemical oxygen demand, the total phosphorus concentration and the ammonia concentration. The last 3 parameters are assumed to follow 1st order decay laws, while DO and BOD are considered as interdependent parameters: these assumptions will need to be improved when the biogeochemical phenomenon in the canals network are better understood. The results show that the implementation of the project will play a positive role to improve the overall water quality of the canals network. Notably, after increased interception of sewage, in most waterways of canals network that are in the south of Batangheng river, the water quality can be improved and recovered up to Class III or Class IV standards. Therefore, the analysis of the whole canals network indicates that, the treated sewage discharge from this project will merely affect limited segments of waterways that are in the north of Batangheng river. The following figure shows the distribution of the simulated average concentration levels in canals network.
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FIGURE 19: SIMULATED CONCENTRATION LEVELS INCANAL NETWORK INCIXI CITY
Before implementation of Project
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* Sea releases model: There are totally 14 functional gates which connect Cixi canals network to the sea. For the model, two study cases are presently considered: A. The effluent from the Northern WVvTP is discharged into the sea through Shitangheng sea gate in Luzhong Bay which is 10 km west from the plant site. The effluent is combined with Jiutangheng and Shitangheng rivers and flows for 5-10 km in the watercourse before reaching Shitangheng sea gate in Luzhong Bay. B. The effluent from the Eastern WWTP is discharged into the sea through Shitangheng river and Danshuihong sea gate or Songpu sea gate (or the two sea gates at the same time). The numerical model of the canals network releases into the sea is 2-D, made through MIKE 21 software. Unsteady flow conditions are simulated, based on generalized St Venant Equations. Modelling was performed for conservative scenarios and concluded that the mixing zone during discharge time is kept within 2km offshore which is in compliance with national ocean function zoning requirement. The maximum size of areas that are affected by the discharge will be at the mean high moment of a neap tide, 3,61 km2 for the Northern WWTP and 0,56km2 for the Eastern WWTP, but for comparison, at mean neap tide level, the size of the areas decrease to 3,85m2 for Northern WWTP and 0,46m2 for Eastern WWTP. Actually, the opening of sluice gates are normally opened during flood season in a non-continuous way and the affected areas will be less. An example of the present results of the 2-D water quality model is presented in the following figure. As mentioned before, it will need to be updated in future, after proper calibration.
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FIGURE 20: IMPACT OF CWTP ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Northem WWTP
I. ..
After implementation of Stage 1 After implementation of Stage 2
Eastern WWTP
After implementation of Stage 1 After implementation of Stage 2
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Measures to miticate impacts on water environment The implementation of the Cixi Wastewater Project is expected to significantly improve the quality of water in the canals network. In addition to this, the implementation of the following measures is recommended to optimize the improvement of water quality: * Measures are to be taken to identify and reduce the direct discharges of industrial pollutants and nutrients in the canals network. In peculiar, the construction of treatment plants at factory level is necessary. According to Opinions to Further Strengthen the Control of Environmental Pollutions by Zhejiang Provincial Government and Notice of Printing and Distributing the Environmental Pollution Control Action Plan by the Chief Office of Zhejiang Provincial Government, the goal of environmental pollution control in the catchments in Zhejiang Province is: the rate of discharged industrial sewage meeting the control standard should be no lower than 90%. * Water quality monitoring in the canals network and at the main effluent and inflow sources: this measure is necessary to have a good understanding of the concentration of pollutants and nutrients in the network. * Water quality model: based on water quality monitoring results, it will be possible to perform simulation to optimize the operation of gates and so limit the release of water with poor biochemical characteristics to the sea.
4.2.3.1. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY
WWTP use microorganisms to degrade organic matters in wastewater. Organic matter in wastewater will generate smell under anaerobic condition, whose concentration varies with temperature, being severe in summer. WWTP smell is a mixed gas, consisting of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl hydrosulfide, methyl sulfide, trimethylamine, etc. The smell mainly comes from screening operations, grit removal, aeration tanks, sludge dewatering machine house, and sludge storage areas. The main pollutants emitted by the northern and eastern WWTP are ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and there may also exist the possibility for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release at pumping stations. Meteorological statistics for the assessment area, such as wind speeds and frequencies, are obtained from Cixi weather station's five-year monitoring data that is recorded four times a day. Results show that, the most dominant wind direction is East (13.5%), the second most dominant wind direction is Northwest (9.93%). South wind prevails in summers (13.71%) and Southeast wind prevails in winters (20.16%). In springs and autumns, East and Northeast wind shift, but Northeast wind is dominant. Calm weather has low frequency, only 8.36%. Annual average wind speed is 2.96m/s, and spring, summer, autumn and winter average speeds are 2.56m1s, 2.93m1s, 1.87m/s and 2.33m/s respectively. Wind speeds in spring, summer and winter are relatively high while autumn have the lowest wind speeds. Whole-year atmospheric stability frequency distribution of Cixi suggests that neutral weather (e.g. class D) is the most frequent (51.16%). The sub-stable weather (e.g. class E) is the second most frequent (11.29%). Frequency of other class weather is below 9%, in particular Class A has the least frequency, only 1%.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) According to the land use planning for the areas that are adjacent to the two WWTP sites, there will be no residential occupancy, therefore the diffused concentration levels are predicted at site boundaries. Emission sources of odorous pollutant could be estimated using information on emission rates (in mg/m 2/s) for similar sites. The estimated emissions for both WVVWTP are presented in Table 26.
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TABLE 26: ODOROUS EMISSION FROM WWTP
Emission NH3 Emission H,S Name of Area Treatment unit rate emission rate emission 2 2 2 Plant (in ) (mg/m /s) (mgls) (mg/m /s) (mgWs)
Northern Biological treat. pool 17,155 0.103 1,766 0.26Xl0-3 4.46 Sedimentation basin 5,024 0.007 35.1 0.029X 10-' 0.14 WWTP Sludge storage pool 1,125 0.005 5.6 0.03x10+= 0.04
_ Subtotal 23,304 - 1,806.7 - 4.64 Biological treat. pool 8,578 0.103 505 0.26Xl0-' 2.23 Sedimentation basin 2,512 0.007 17.6 0.029X10 3 0.07 Eastern Sludge storage pool 1,125 0.005 5.6 0.03X10-3 0.04 Subtotal 12,215 - 528.2 - 2.34
...... ___ . Total 35,519 2,334.9 6.98
As the sources of odour (H2S and NH3) from WWTP are normally lower than 1Om high, a surface source diffusion model (Gauss model) is adopted to estimate the concentrations downwind. Then, the estimated concentrations are compared with the Class II standard limit regulated in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002). * Ammonia: Under calm conditions or of very light winds and class F stability, ammonia 3 concentration at the Northern WWTP boundary reaches maximum value at 1.48mg/m , 3 close to the standard value of 1.5mg/m . Under other meteorological conditions, the 3 boundary concentration are between 0.02 and 0.86mg/m (equivalent to 1% to 57% of the standard value). For the Eastern WWTP, under any meteorological condition, the 3 concentration varies between 0 and 0.20mg/m , and meet the standard requirement. The concentration at the WWTP boundaries are mainly affected by the biological treatment tank, and decrease as the dispersion distance increase, with obvious impact reduction beyond 100m and almost no impact 300-500m from the source. * Hvdrogen sulfide: Under conditions of any wind velocity and stabilization degree, due to 0 and few H2S emission, H2S concentrations at WWTP boundaries is between 3 3 0.004mg/m , which is much lower than the standard value of 0.06mg/m .
Figures 21 and 22 illustrate some examples of air modeling results for both Northern and Eastern WWTP.
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FIGURE 21: IMPACT OF THE NORTHERN WWTP ON AIR QUALITY (CWP)
N
South wind direction East wind direction with stability degree D and wind speed 2.965nvs with stability degree D and wind speed 2.96m's
U
South wind direction East wind direction with stabity degree D and wind speed O.5rrts with stability degree D and wind speed O.5rnis
i 100 loom
FIGURE 22: IMPACT OF THE EASTERN WWTP ON AIR QUALITY (CWP)
| S. South wind direction East wind direction with stsbility degree 0 and wind speed 2.96nVs with stability degree 0 end wind speed 2.96rmJs t~~~~~~~~~(v~ ~ ~ ~ ~~t South wind direction East wind direction with stabilty degree 0 and wind speed O.SnVs with stability degree 0 and wind speed O.Snvs SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE100 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Sewage pump station A total of 15 pump stations are planned along the trunk pipeline route. The designed sizes of the pump stations range from 21,000m3/d to 160,100m3/d. Pump stations will occupy a total area of 2 600 to 1,800m . Diffused concentration levels of H2S are possible at the boundaries of West 5# (because it is the large-sized), Central 2# (because it is the small-sized) and a town-level pump station. According to analogical information, H2S emissions are estimated for each pump stations. TABLE 27: ESTIMATED ODOROUS EMISSION FOR PUMP STATION Designed size Area of screening H2 S releasing speed Pump station room pump room rlg/sp (t/d) (m2 ) gs Reference pump station 200,000 280 1.004 West 5# pump station 160,100 234 0.839 Middle 2# pump station 46,900 100 0.3 59 Town-level pump 10,000 36 0.129 station Diffusion modelling is applied to simulate various meteorological conditions (different stability class and different wind speed). The predicted concentrations are between 0.001 and 0.019mg/m 3 at 20m from the pollution source in the downwind direction. This is lower than the standard for pollutants from new construction projects regulated in Discharge Standard of Malodorous boundary 3 Pollutants (GB14554-93), which limits the concentration level of H2S within 0.06 mg/m . Predicted results indicate that, 20 m away from the pump stations, the concentration levels of H2S are less than 0.01 mg/m3, except for West 5# in one case (class F stability and 2.96m/s wind speed). Even added with the monitored background concentration, these values meet the standard. According to Technical Methods for Developing Local Emission Standards of Air Pollutants (GB/T3840-91), gas emission through an exhaust lower than 15m or without an exhaust is defined as escaping emission and a protective sanitary distance is required. Protective sanitary distance of industrial plants (with average wind speeds higher than 2m/s) must be calculated according to the principles recommended by the State Administration of Environmental Protection Bureau (SEPA) in Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects in Chemical Industry, Petrochemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Industry. The calculated protective sanitary distance for the Northern WWTP is 490m and for the Eastern WWTP is 213m. Therefore, the recommended protective sanitary distance for the Northern WWTP is rounded to 500m, and for the Eastern WWTP to 3COm 5. There are currently no residential areas within this distance but planning controls must ensure that this remains the case for the future. It is also recommended evergreen tree planting takes place around the wastewater treatment plants, and especially on the leeward side from prevailing wind direction since these will have an absorptive capacity for reducing odours. SAccording to grading principals regulated in the standard, when protective sanitary distance is between 100m and 1000m, the grade interval is loom. SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE101 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 4.2.3.2. IMPACT ON ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT Noise at the WWTP boundaries The main noise sources during the operation period are sludge-lifting pumps, dewatering equipment and air compressors. The following table presents the intensity and the location of each source for the two WWTP. TABLE 28: MAIN NOISE SOURCES INWWTP Noise intensity Shortest distance to the WWTP WWTP Noise sources at lm distance boundaries (dB(A)() Sludge-lifting pump 90 20 Northern Air compressor 92 27 WWTP Dehydrating machine 85 20 Sludge-lifting pump 92 45 Sludge-lifting pump 90 30 Eastern Air compressor 92 116 WWTP Dehydrating machine 85 36 Sludge-lifting pump 92 26 The main noise sources and their intensity are determined according to the layout chart of the WWTP described in Feasibility Study Report, boundary noise levels are calculated according to the shortest distance between the sources and the boundaries. Noises are attenuated by the equipment rooms depending on the constructive material, sound isolation impact is usually: 23- 3OdB(A) for thick brick-wall of 240mm thick, 10-15dB(A) for one-ply glass, 27dB(A) for hardwood door. In this appraisement, sound isolation is estimated as 25dB averagely. The following table present the evaluated impact on the acoustic environment. TABLE 29: WWTP IMPACT ON ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT Southeast side of the Northwest side of the Southeast side of the Eastern WWTP Northern WWTP Northern WWTP Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Attenuated 35 35 34 Value 34 39 39 Background 42.6 44.2 38.1 42.7 40.8 43.9 value Added value 43.3 44.7 39.5 43.2 43.0 45.1 Standard value 65 55 65 55 65 55 If meeting Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes standard According to Class IlIl Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB12348-90) and Class hIIof environmental noise of urban area (GB3096-93), the results show that, added with the background noise value, maximum noise levels at Eastern WWTP site are 43.3dB(A) and 44.7dB(A) respectively at daytime and night-time; and maximum noise levels at Northern WWTP site at daytime are 43.OdB(A) and 45.1dB(A) respectively at daytime and night-time. These results are all lower than the standard values. Therefore, the two WWTP will not have substantial impacts on the surrounding acoustic environment. SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE102 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Noise at the pump stations boundaries During the operation period, the main noise sources of the pump stations sites are sewage-lifting pumps. Ten pump stations will be constructed in the northern sewerage system. Among them, Central 1# and Central 2# are situated in Kandun town, and West 1# is situated in Changhe town, and all the others are arranged along main traffic routes. Five pump stations will be constructed in system. Except the East 1# situated in Fuhai town, all the others the eastem sewage pipe network 2 are arranged along Zhongheng Road. Floor area of the pump stations is around 800 to 2,500m and the distance between noises source and boundary is 15m. Noise is attenuated provided by the pump station housing will depend on the constructive material, but noise suppression is usually to 3OdB(A). The following table present the attenuation results calculated according to the attenuation formula from "Technological requirement for environmental impact assessment". TABLE 30: ESTIMATED RESULTS OF NOISE ATTENUATION FOR PUMP STATIONS Attenuation 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 50 60 80 100 distance (m) Attenuation value 90 76 70 66 64 62 60 56 54 52 50 I(3 value no 46 40 36.5 34 32 30 For the 11 pump stations situated along traffic roads, the Class IV Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB12348-90) and Class IV of environmental noise of urban area (GB3096- 93), which are 7OdB(A) in daytime and 55dB(A) in night-time, shall be used. Therefore, without any additional measures, boundary noises at these pump stations can reach the standard at daytime (excluding influences of external above-standard noises). At night-time, if the muffling is not taken into account, a distance of more than 60m between the machine and the boundary is required to reach the standard value. But, if the insulation of buildings is considered, boundary noise level can reach the standards both for daytime and night-time. For the 4 pump stations (West 1#, Central 1#, Central 2# and East 1#) situated in town areas, the Class I Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB12348-90) and Class I of environmental noise of urban area (GB3096-93), which are 55dB(A) in daytime and 45dB(A) in night-time, shall be used. Therefore, if the muffling is not taken into account, a distance of more than 60m between the boundary and the machine is required to meet the standard. But, if the insulation of the buildings is considered, boundary noise level can reach the standards both for daytime and night-time. After present noise background value is added, the impacts on acoustic environment at the monitoring points are calculated. Influenced by the pump stations noises, the noise levels at each monitoring point are all slightly increased, and the increase is around 0 to 0.7dB(A). However, the noise levels at Central 2# pump station during daytime and night-time, Xiaolin 4# pump station (roadside) during daytime and at Sanbei 4# pump station during night-time could be over the Class I Standard of environmental noise of urban area (GB3096-93) but, according to monitoring results, the area is already above the standard. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117. R3.2 - FINAL PAGE103 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 31: NOISE LEVEL FOR PUMP STATIONS AT MONITORING POINTS Attenuated Standard If Monitoring point Duration Background noise level Estimated for meeting value from pump noise level ambient standard station noise Central 2# pump Daytime 65.8 36.5 65.8 55 X station Nighttime 52.3 36.5 52.4 45 X Sanbei 4# pump Daytime 52.9 36.5 53.0 55 4 station Nighttime 45.4 36.5 45.9 45 X Xiaolin 4# pump Daytime 65.5 36.5 65.5 55 x station (roadside) Nighttime 44.1 36.5 44.8 45 4 Xiaolin 4# pump Daytime 54.5 36.5 54.6 55 4 station (east of 36.5 4.7 4 residential building) Nighttime 44.036.5 44.7 45 Andong 1# pump Daytime 59.9 36.5 59.9 70 4 station Nighttime 51.5 36.5 51.6 55 4 Note: attenuated noise level is calculated on the assumption that the noise insulation effect of the pump station is 30dB(A) and the noise is attenuated in a distance of 15m -I-meeting standard x-over standard One assumption for prediction of noises of WWTP is that equipments like pumps and air compressors are installed in sound-proof rooms with all doors and windows closed. So when designing WWTP, measures for confining loud noises must be considered: setting up sound-proof rooms (with double-layered windows, solid brick walls, etc.), or constructing semi-underground rooms. When the WWTP is in operation, doors and windows of pumping rooms and compressor rooms should be closed as much as possible. For the pump stations in towns, noise-decreasing measures like insulation of structures should be adopted to insure that noises on boundaries meet the environmental standards for noise at both daytime and at night-time. 4.2.3.3. IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE (SLUDGE) A short-term consideration is that the quantity of sludge produced in WWTP is relatively small, therefore landfill disposal approach is selected. The existing Jiaochangshan WWTP already delivers its sludge to West Urban Refuse Landfill for disposal. Cixi's environmental sanitary authorities have already approved the future disposal of sludge from the new WWTPs to landfill. Three existing landfills in Cixi have carried out preliminary designs for an upgrading programme and this is being implemented. These landfills are: * West Landfill is located at Xishan beach area in the town of Hangzhou Bay (previously Xiaoan township). It is 35 km from the downtown of the city and 8 km from Hangzhou Bay new district. This landfill serves to dispose domestic wastes from ten towns and townships in west Cixi (About 4,000t of sludge produced in Jiaochangshan WWTP is also disposed in this landfill. The landfill currently covers an area of 12,1ha (180mu) and the capacity is estimated to 450,000m3 . But because the leachate pool is reaching its full capacity, the landfill needs expansion. Cixi Municipal Sanitary Department developed a medium/long-term plan (47,493,500RMB investment) to construct a landfill which will cover 46.69ha (700mu) with a capacity of 1,815,000m3 for domestic refuse. Meanwhile a leachate treatment station is also planned to treat old and new leachate with a design size of 220m 3 /d. At present, the newly-built landfill has not been put into operation. SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE104 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT * Middle Landfill is located at the newly-enclosed beach area of Xinpu town in the south of Jiutangheng sea gate in Banjuepu. It joins Banjuepu in the east, is 3,5km from Shuiyunpu in the west, neighbours Zhongxinheng river in the enclosed area in the north and stretches to Jiutangheng river in the south. This landfill covers an area of 12,7ha (191 mu) with a capacity of 455,000m3. * East Landfill is located at the open beach area in Fanshi town in the east of Hongqi sea gate in Songpu. The south-eastern part is natural beach that has never been enclosed. It is adjacent to Yanhaizha Dam and neighbours Songpu Dam in the west. It serves to dispose domestic wastes from 7 towns in Cixi, including Longshan, Fanshi, Sanbei, Zhangqi, Shiqiao, Minghe. East Landfill covers an area of 14.4 ha (217mu) and its total storage capacity is 720,000 m3; effective storage capacity is 542,500 m3. Leachate collection system is mainly set up at the bottom of the landfill site and the design leachate treatment quantity is based on the maximum quantity of leachate generated in the landfill, estimated to 33.37m3/d. Sludge produced in the Eastern and Northern WWTP will be treated using mechanical dewatering and compaction. A total of 67,200m3 sludge with 78% water content will be generated. In the Stage I project, the dewatered sludge will be transported in airtight tanks and dumped in the existing landfill. In particular, sludge from the Eastern WWTP will be delivered to East Landfill that is 4km away near Hongqi sea gate of Songpu canal in Fanshi town, and sludge from the Northern WWTP will be delivered to West Landfill that is 9km away in Xishan beach area in the town of Hangzhou bay (previously Xiaoan Township). Present total capacity designed for the landfills in Cixi is 3,440,000m3 and the remaining capacity is 2,812,300m3. The following table demonstrates that the 67,200 m3/annum of sludge arising from the proposed WWTPs can be accommodated within the landfills. Additional capacity will be required post 2010, or the installation of enhanced dewatering equipment to increase the dry solids ratio of sludge. However, cost-benefit analysis will demonstrate the relative economics of such an approach. TABLE 32: WWTP SLUDGE DISPOSAL CAPACITY Quantity Total Proposed Proposed Designed Present of land Present capacity duration Remaining landfill filled sludge Landrill area capacity after of capacity capacity volume from Balance (1,0003 expansion (100M)this occupied ( ) (1,000 landfill I ( m ) (1,000 (1,000 t 3 (ha) in1) (year) mfa m /a) (1,000 3 I_ __ _ _ I_ 11 /a _ _ __ _ West 58.70 450 1,815 8 1,946.4 203.8 131.4 44.8 Abei to Landfill 14.4 720 - 10 504 72 72 22.4 Able to LMandfilel 12.74 455 - 10 361,9 31 31 - Total 232 1625 1,815 28 865,9 103 103 79 2 Operation in landfill is carried out and layered by unit, circularly and orderly (about 820m ). Each layer of sludge is 2.8m thick, divided into 3-4 smaller layers for rolling (0.6-0.8m thick initially, and about 0.5m thick after being compacted). Function of compacting is to increase volume of landfill, to extent lifecycle of use, to decrease settlement caused by volume decrease of sludge rotted, to reduce sludge interspaces and form anaerobic environment, to reduce rain water infiltrated into sludge, and to make it easier to enter traffic vehicles. Then it is covered with 0.2m of soil to decrease growth of mosquitoes, flies and rodents, to prevent gas dissipation and to control leakage of gas and leachate, and to reduce the rainwater infiltrated into the sludge. Before the final cover, 30cm thick yellow clay whose permeability coefficient is less than 10-7cm/s should be used. Then cover it with nature soil of 50cm thick and compact it. SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE105 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Cixi's existing landfills were all built in the protected beach areas and are remote from the residential areas of the city and the towns. The landfill sites were well vegetated, and the leachate collection ponds are impermeable. However, the East Landfill size is inadequate and needs the accumulation of experiences in operation. Problems facing the two landfills are: * The designed capacity is for a 10 year period. Accordingly they will require expansion by 2010. * West Landfill is now receiving part of the sludge discharged by Jiaochangshan WWTP, but there is no special zone for the disposal, drying and filling of sludge, and the sludge has to be filled with domestic refuse. This has the disadvantage of volume and codisposal is contrary to emerging modern practice. * There are fish ponds in the south side of the leachate pool in West Landfill. Although leakage is contained at present, there is still a risk of pollution by the 150,00Gm3 of leachate stored in the leachate pool. The planned construction of leachate treatment facilities will improve this situation. In the long term, with the increasing quantity of sludge and the decreasing capacity of landfill, the city's sludge should be stored in a centralized way. This will facilitate further harmless treatment such as digestion, combustion and minimization. There are three centralized approaches to dispose sludge: quantity reduction, stabilization and harmless treatment. * Reduction of sludge quantity: Mainly through the reduction of the water content in sludge. Common methods are: sludge condensation, mechanical dehydration, drying etc. This facilitates transportation, further treatment and disposal of sludge. * Sludge stabilization treatment: This is to further degrade the organic matters in the sludge to stable the sludge. Widely used methods of stabilization treatment include aerobic and anaerobic digestion. Aerobic stabilization: lead in airflow for long time to decompose organic matters. Anaerobic stabilization: under the conditions of zero oxygen, decompose organic matters. The latter is normally applied for sludge digestion. * Sludge harmless treatment: to remove and control the harmful substances in the sludge, like contents of heavy metal ions. NB: Heavy metals are presents in the sewage and regarding the WWTP, it will be mainly transferred into sludge. In this project, sludge will be disposed into the urban landfills for sanitary burying. The sludge will not be directly applied into the soils for agriculture and forestry, therefore the risk of pollution to soil used for agriculture and forestry and then to the food chain will be reduced. In the landfill site, as the site will be treated according to landfill technical standard for infiltration prevention, the sludge will not pollute the adjacent soil and groundwater Surrounding Cixi's landflls are largely enclosed beach areas and are not for cropping and other agricultural uses. The local people do not obtain groundwater as drinking water sources and for industrial water uses. As for the monitored situation of the closed landfill sites (Chapter 3), at present, the concentration level of metals is below the Type ill standard requirement for soil environment, and there is a large environmental capacity. Therefore, this project will have minimal risk of soil and groundwater pollution by sludge disposal in landfill sites. 4.2.3.4. IMPACT ON WETLANDS Influenced by the high sand concentration level in Hangzhou Bay and its marine hydrological and tidal current conditions, the nearshore beach in Cixi is an accretion type; the maximum expansion speed can achieve 100m a year. Thus, Cixi is acquiring large areas of land resources. At present, the area between Jiutangheng and Shitangheng rivers is protected beach land that has not been developed, and large tracts of swamps have formed there. The nearshore areas near Shitangheng river expose several kilometers length of beach at low tide. These are all well-formed inter-tidal zones and have become a base for aquaculture, a feeding and resting habitat for the indigenous birds and a stop-over for migratory birds. SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE106 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The proposed Eastern and Northern WWTPs are adjacent to these wetlands. In particular, the Eastern WWTP is predominantly within coastal wetland. In accordance with Cixi's economic development plan, some of the protected natural wetlands are to become industrial zones. Cixi also has plans to protect some natural wetland resources, to protectively develop Sanbei shallow wetlands that are listed in the List of Wetlands of National Significance, and to encourage eco- tourism of the area. Important wetlands should be listed as conservation areas, and all industrial and agricultural activities should be prohibited. According to the present Cixi Wetland Protection and Development Planning, Hangzhou Bay New District Planning and Cidong Industrial Zone Planning, the sites of the two WWTP are all located in industrial areas and far from wetlands that are under proposals as protection areas. Main pollution sources of the impacts from this project on the marine ecological environments are the WWTP effluent that is discharged into canals and then through sea gates into the sea. This exerts adverse impacts on the wetland ecosystem in the nearshore beach areas. The Northern WWTP effluent will be discharged into the West river district and then through Luzhong Bay sea gate; and the Eastern WVVTP effluent will be discharged into the East river district and then through Danshuihong sea gate or Songpu sea gate. Their impacts on seawater quality are studied in section 4.2.3.1. As Cixi City uses sea gates to drain floodwater each year, it is common that effluents are discharged into the canals and mixed with river water before discharged into the sea. In order to protect marine ecological resources, it is necessary to arrange reasonable effluent outlets toward the sea. Luzhong Bay and Danshuihong sea gates are far from Andong Wetlands that are under important protection, and thus are appropriate outlets. If the effluent is discharged into the sea through Jiantangheng river sea gate in the west of Luzhong Bay sea gate or Sanba river sea gate, the distance to Andong wetlands will be shorter and the potential impacts will be greater. Therefore, controlled sluices should be set up on the canals to control the discharge of effluent into the sea. This is helpful for the protection of wetland ecosystem. Discharge of canal waters should be minimised during the dry season since the dilution of pollutants will also be at a minimum. On the nearshore beaches in Cixi, many species like Bullacta exarata, fish and crabs are farmed. Considering the accumulated impacts from the effluent discharged and the present increasing trend of rich nutrients in the canal network and the nearshore areas in Cixi, it is recommended to relocate the aquaculture area as far away as possible from the future canal discharge gates. 4.2.3.5. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION According to investigations into accidents involving sewerage systems, and including WWTPs, throughout China, accidental releases of pollutants occur from: fractured sewers, power cuts at pumping stations, overflow of sewage caused by pipe failures. The first results from poor workmanship of subsequent disruption and affects ground waters and, as flow builds up, subsequently surface waters. The second results from either a shortage of power (power scheduling) or a failure in transmission. Cessation of pumping results in surcharging of sewers and the eventual flooding and pollution of property. Standby generation can overcome this problem. According to data statistics of sewerage accidents in some cities in China, accidental discharges occur each 3-5 days a year. Accidental releases account for less than 1% of the whole sewage delivered. Since such accidents happen in short time with high intensity, its pollution impacts are huge on the accepting water bodies. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE107 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT There are three kinds of effluent accidents in WVTP. The first is the failure with technology process wherein the designed treatment process is not effective. The result is that treated wastewater cannot reach effluent standard. The second is when the whole WWTP stops operation due to certain significant reasons like power cut, so that sewage cannot be treated (also because the flow is lifted into the WWTP by pumping, this will also cease). The third is when operational regulations are disobeyed so that the designed treatment result is not attained. Measures for control and prevention of pollution-releasing accidents should be established in response to the three situations. If WWTP runs normally according to designed process, it is able to attain effluent standard. But once mishandling happens, since volume of water for treatment is large, it is difficult to set up an accident adjustment pool to store polluting flows. Therefore, it is necessary to set up regulations on operation and maintenance of sewage treatment equipments to minimize the risk of pollution accidents caused of improper or erroneous operation. * There should be a bypass to the WWTP, through which overflow may pass. * There should be standby generation at each WWTP; * There must be standby pumping in case of unit failure; * There should be clearly defined emergency action plans to respond to failures and pollution incidents. SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE108 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 5. ALTERNATIVES 5.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT During the EA process, several alternatives related to location, treatment process or design were examined. 5.1.1. WATER SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES The supply targets of the project are the towns of western Yinzhou district and the water urban ring main of Ningbo central city. Three alternatives of the water system of the project were compared with determined locations of the water source and the urban ring main. The alternatives studied two locations for the Water Treatment Work (Maojiaping and Beidu) and the necessity of an additional boost pump station before entering the urban ring main. TABLE 33: WATER TREATMENT AND SUPPLY OPTIONS Item Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 WTW in MaojiapingIWWTW in Maoiiaping and WTW in Beidu additional boost pump atation Electricity charge for operation 1,962,000 13,731,500 15,690,000 (RMB/y) Total present value 1,412,662,100 1,611,502,900 1,675,051,700 Straight route without reversed Straight route without reversed Large turning in route, longer Water system route distribution. distribution. distribution route Low land use fee with upland. Low land use fee with upland. Use farmland in terrain with higher Few environmental impacts Few enviromnental impacts value and larger environmental Location conditions without use of farmland. Larger without use of farmland. Larger imparts. Difficult geologic condition rock and earth excavation rock and earth excavation but plain landform. volume volume Rawwater Shorter route, high safety and Shorter route, high safety and Longer route with pipeline for Rawi water lost cost with tunnel for lost cost with tunnel for distribution. distribution distribution. distribution. Intaking for water Boost pump station is required No need for pump station for No need for pump station for treatment work for boosting when the reservoir boosting of intaking. boosting of intaking. treatmentwork level is low. Saving electricity charge Large electricity charges for all Large electricity charges for all output Water distribution without boosting output water have to be boosted water have to be boosted Treated water Large diameter determined base Small diameter determined base Large diameter determined base on pipelined wate on the highest hours of highest on the normal hours of highest the highest hours of highest demand pipeline demand day. demand day. day. Boosting pump No Needed No. Output pump station in the water station plant is needed Direct supply with flexible Boosting in reservoir is needed. Boosting is needed. Longer supply routing Multiple boosting pump stations pipeline. Reversed supply method Supply for Western have to be built. Larger project will be heavily used. Yinzhou district investment and electricity charge. Reversed supply will be adopted. Operation Fewer management point that Maximum management points Many management points with large management facilitate the management with large difficulties management volume Total environmental Minimum Large Maximum impacts SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE109 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT In conclusion, the Alternative No1 is recommended because it has higher safety, which can meet the requirement on water supply safety whenever any section is faulty or being put out of service. It also has the lower investment and operation cost, less management difficulties and less comprehensive environmental impacts. It has the most advantageous economic parameters and a reasonable technical design. 5.1.2. WATER INTAKES ALTERNATIVES Three alternatives of the water intake system were compared. The three alternatives are: * Alternative No.1: Multi-layered intake with vertical well (two layered) located on the left bank and about 1,000m upstream of the dam. The intake inlets of the two layers are opened at the upstream side, based on the lowest water supply level and normal water supply level. The elevation of the intake inlet of the lower layer is determined to be 36m, which is 45 meter away from the well, and the elevation of the intake inlet of the top layer is determined to be 51m, which is 20 meter away from the well. The intake inlet and the well will be connected to the transmission tunnel. * Alternative No.2: Multi-layered intake with intake tower (two layered) located on the left bank of the dam and about 1,000m upstream of the dam. There are two intake inlets on the tower with gate valves, based on the lowest water level and normal level of the reservoir. The elevation of the inlet of bottom layer is 36m and the elevation of the inlet of the top layer is 49m. * Alternative No.3: Deep layer intake with vertical well (single layered) located on the left bank of dam and about 1,000m upstream of the dam. The intake inlet will be 45m away from the well and with bottom elevation of 36m. The intake inlet and the well will be connected with transmission tunnel. TABLE 34: ALTERNATIVES OPTIONS FOR RAW WATER INTAKE Alternative Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 Intake type Multi-layered intake well (in two Multi-layered intake tower (in two Deep intake well (single layer) Intake layype)layers)Depitkwll(ngeayr Investment 5.54 million RMB 8.28 million RMB 3.92 million RMB Good raw water may be obtained with Good raw water may be obtained Underwater rock plug blasting will be varied levels and facilitate the with varied levels and facilitate the used for the construction, which operational regulation. operational regulation. avoids the empting of the reservoir. The construction of the bottom inlet Saving more earthwork; will use underwater rock plug blasting, Least investment. which avoid the empting of the reservoir. The construction of top inlet Advantages may be carried out during the non- flood period when the lever is low (The requirement of the level of the reservoir is only 50m); Saving more investment; The construction of the intake will not affect the reservoir's functioning on the inigation of downstream farmland, water supply, power generation etc. The rock plug blasting has high Largest investment; The rock plug blasting has high requirements on the landform and The reservoir is required to emptying requirements on the landform and geology of the intake; to lower than 36m. The cofferdam has geology of the intake; Larger investment than Alternative to be built for construction. The The lower intake will affect the Disadvantages No.3. issues on flood period during quality of supply water. construction should also be considered; The affection on the irrigation of downstream farmland is large during the construction. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE 110 JANuARY 2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The multi-layered intake with vertical well method (Alternative No.1) combines the advantages of multi-layered intake with tower and deep intake with vertical well. The construction works utilize the low level in non-flood period (the level of the reservoir can be reduced by 50m). The construction work may be carried out with cofferdam for construction after taking consideration of the requirement during flood period. During the whole process of the construction, there are little affect on the irrigation of downstream farmland, water supply and power generation. This alternative has two inlets at different levels that can draw off water with a different quality to ensure the quality of the raw water supply to the WTW. 5.1.3. RAW WATER TRANSMISSION ROUTE ALTERNATIVES The comparison on raw water transmission route alternatives is made with the condition that Maojiaping is the location of the water treatment work. Three alternative routes were compared: two water diversions are entirely in tunnel and the other one is a combination of tunnel and pipes. TABLE 35: ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR RAW WATER TRANSMISSION rnat_Slive Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 Item Total length: 9529m 9340m 9800m Tunnel 9039m 9240m 3400m Steel pipe 490m 100m 6400m Lateral tunnel 250m (two places) 360m (two places) 100m (one place) Max. tunnel 2530m 4540m 1600m section Diameter: Tunnel ID 2.8m 2.8m 2.8m Steel pipe ID DN2500mm DN2500mm DN2500rnm Investment 74.52 million RMB 70.61 million RMB 111.22 million RMB Construction One year Two years One year period Advantages and Advantages: easy for construction Advantages: shortest route; least Advantages: easy for construction disadvantages with shorter construction period. investment. with short construction period. Disadvantages: slightly larger Disadvantages: Large difficulties for Disadvantages: largest investment investment construction; longest construction investment______I period The slightly larger investment of Alternative No.1 will bring the shortest construction period and relatively smallest environmental impact. The target proposed by the Yinzhou District Government to supply raw water can be met with alternative No.1. Therefore, Alternative No.1 is recommended. 5.1.4. WATER TREATMENT WORK LOCATION ALTERNATIVES 3 The area supplied by the project is the western Yinzhou district (about 150,00Om /d) and the urban ring main of Ningbo city (about 350,00Om 3/d). Therefore, the location of the water treatment work should be selected between Jiaokou reservoir and western Yinzhou district to be supplied (i.e. the start of the western Yinzhou district). In principle, gravity supply method will be adopted. The elevation of the WTW should be high to utilize the level of Jiaokou reservoir. Otherwise, the locations of the lateral tunnel for construction of the raw water transmission tunnel should also be taken into consideration. SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE111 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The four location alternatives for the water treatment work are listed as below: * Alternative No.1: On the hill northeast to Maojiaping reservoir (referred as Maojiaping location) with low and flat landform. * Alternative No.2: Laoyingyan located 400m south of Maojiaping reservoir (referred as Laoyingyan location) with large ground surface irregularity. * Alternative No.3: On the two hills southeast to Jianao village (referred as Jianao location) 1km away from Maojiaping location. * Alternative No.4: Dofugang southwest to Yinjiang town (Dofugang location) with large ground surface irregularity. TABLE 36: ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR WTW ative Maojiaping location Laoyingyan location Jianao location Dofugang location Surfaceelevation(m) 140-40 118-70 100-40 102-44 Existing building & Transmission tower exist; No Transmission tower structure influence on the plant No located in the Planned No plant area Farmland or economic Few Few Few Many crops______Traffic conditions + Convenient Convenient Convenient Power supply Good Good Good Good conditions Raw water distribution Approx. 9.6km tunnel Approx. I Okm tunnel Approx. 10.8km tunnel Approx. 15. 1km pipe route Treated water Approx. 19km Approx. 20km Approx. 20.5km Approx. 24km distribution route Features related to Straight and smooth route easy for Straight and smooth Straight and smooth Reversed route with long Feaupied arelated tobSrancghto towndsmoothrouteeas route easy for route easy for distance branches for branching to towns branching to towns towns Earthwork Small Large Small Small Far away from residential area and industrial area. No need for Environmental impacts removing; No occupying of Small Small Small farmland and small environmental impact. Maojiaping location has convenient traffic conditions, suitable location for lateral tunnels for the construction of transmission tunnel and shortest route. There is no need for resettlement in the planned area. It will not occupy farmland. It also has the least earthwork volume and smaller environmental impacts. It locates far away from centralized residential area and industrial area and meets the requirement for the development of the urban area. Therefore, Maojiaping location is recommended. 5.1.5. TREATED WATER TRUNK MAIN ROUTES ALTERNATIVES Three alternative routes of the treated water trunk main are planned according to the determined location of water treatment work and targeted urban ring main: * Alternative No.1: The pipeline (double pipes) for treated water exits from Maojiaping WTW to the east then north until Hengjie town where one pipe is routed east along Jinxian Road to the Airport Road and connects with the urban ring main, and another pipe is routed east along the planned Liangfeng Road (until the Liangfeng Road intersection on the Airport Road) and connects with the urban ring main. * Alternative No.2: One distribution pipe is routed along the extension section of Liangfeng Road (the same with Alternative No.1) and another pipe goes from water treatment work along existing roads through the west of Gulin Town and then north until Jinxian Road and airport road to connect with the urban ring main. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE112 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT * Alternative No.3: One distribution pipe is routed along the extension section of Liangfeng Road (the same with Alternative No.1 and Alternative No.2). The first part of another pipe is the same with Alternative No.2, then the second part goes to east after Gulig Town in the existing farmland to the intersection of yinzhou Road and Airport Road and connects with urban ring main. TABLE 37: OPTIONS FOR EXACT SITE OF WTW ileative Iter Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 (1) Double pipes will be used after Partial modification on Easy supply route with shorter distance. Hengjie Town, which reduces the the original route along earthwork and construction cost; Jinxian Road that shortens (2) The section from Maojiaping WTW to the route. Hengjie town will be laid in the farmland along the both sides of the Jinheng Road and the farmland between the west side of Jinheng Road to mountains. This area is not the planned land for the construction of town. Therefore, it has no violence with Advantages planning; (3) The pipeline basically go through the central part of the westem Yinzhou district that facilitates the branching; (4) The pipe route goes along the major supply direction with reasonable system; (5)The extension section of Liangfeng Road is under construction, which facilitates the laying of the pipe. The pipeline along Jinxian Road will Two pipes can not be lald The pipeline has to go thorough Gulin slightly inclines to the southeast, which in the same ditch, which town, which bring many difficulties and makes the pipeline have some tums cause the increase of large influence on the living of the during it with slightly increase on the earthwork, residents. The access road has to be built length of the pipeline. for the construction works performed in the farmland after Gulin town. The most serious problem is the route will go Disadvantage through the planned area for the expansion of Lishe Airport, which will cause a major impact on the airport and flight. The alternative will be to divert the pipe route around the airport perimeter resulting in greater length than Altemative No. 1. Each of the alternatives has its particular advantages, but Alternative No.3 has largest difficulties. There is not much difference between Alternative No.1 and Alternative No.2 with similar routes. But the route of Alternative No.2 passes through towns and planned industrial park areas and has greater impacts on their planning. Therefore, Alternative No.1 is recommended. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE113 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 5.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT COMPONENT During the EA process, several alternatives related to location, treatment process or design were examined. 5.2.1. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS LOCATION ALTERNATIVES Northern WWTP location alternatives The new version of feasibility study report changed the previous site of the Northern WWTP. It was sited in the reclaimed beach areas outside Jiutang Dam in Hangzhou Bay New District. Now it is sited in the artificial wetland. The previous site joins Jiutangheng river from the south; now it joins Jiutangheng river from the north. The new site is still located in an area reserved in the master planning for use of WWTP, and still meets planning requirements. The new site moves far away from the planned green areas in the north side of Donger reservoir, meeting the requirements for protective sanitary distance. At present, areas surrounding the plant site are enclosed beach areas. Planned residential and recreational areas are located far from the site and specific development projects have not been proposed. In future construction, the distance from the plant site can be adjusted flexibly. It is recommended that when planning and developing the residential areas and recreational land areas, it needs to be considered that the distance to the plant site should not be closer than the protective sanitary distance. Eastern WWTP location alternatives There are two alternative schemes for the Eastern WWTP. Scheme A recommends a site in Cidong Industrial Zone that is being planned, located at the northeast of the intersection between Danshuihong and Shitangheng river, close to Shitangheng sea gate. The surrounding areas are mostly swamps and enclosed beach area, still in an undeveloped state. Scheme B selects the site in north Guanhaiwei town, in the north of the extension line of Sanhai highway, in the south of Jiutangheng river, and is currently used for agriculture in the east of Luochengjia sluice. There are many fishponds near the plant site, and the discharge direction of treated effluent from this plant is not easily decided. The recommended site of the Eastern WWTP is currently Scheme A. The site selection and land use planning is relatively flexible and adjustable. From the perspective of EA, at present the site at Shitangheng river and Danshuihong (which are under construction) is appropriate, as this is easy to determine the disposal direction of treated effluent. It is recommended that when planning Cidong Industrial Park, efforts should be taken to place warehouses and industrial areas close to the WWTP, and ensure public facilities, residential areas and recreational areas far away as possible from the plant site. As a minimum, the protective sanitary distance should be kept. SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE114 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 38: ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR EASTERN WWTP Item for Plan A Plan B comparison Regional Close to the intersection of Danshuihong and In the north side of the extension line of Sanhai Shitangheng river, in the northeast of Heping Highway, in the south of Jiutangheng river, the location Sluice, edge of Cixi City east of Luochengjia sluice Natural Downwind of the dominant wind direction in Same with Plan A condition summer in the city Geological Enclosed beach area, with stable shoreline and Bigger possibility of beach deposition and condition beach surface expansion, poor geological condition Planned Danshuihong Highway has been Transportation extended to Zhongheng Line, and will be Access from Sanhai Highway, easy condition extended further to Shitangheng together with transportation the widening of Danshuihong Location of Close to Cidong industrial zone that is to be an In the middle of east sewage collection system, system area of large quantity of sewage; short trunk easy for joint with branch pipelines system ~sewage_pipeline into the plant es o on ihbac ieie Municipal Water and electricity supply can be solved in Poor municipal infrastructure condition, water facilities Industrial Zone and electricity supply need special lines Treated Discharged into Danshuihong or Shitangheng that are Discharged into Gaobeipu or Jiutang effluent planned to bewidened Sludge d Isposal Close to landfill, sludge can be mixed with domestic Needs to be locally disposed, poor external Sludge disposal refuse for disposal transportation condition Present site Farmland Protected beach area Surrounding Presently no fish ponds within 500m Many fishponds within 500m Land acquisition and Being enclosed, low land acquisition cost High land acquisition cost removal Effluent Danshuihong and Shitangheng river have big water Jiutangheng river, Yanpu and Luochengjia river discharge storage capacity have small water storage capacity Planning Planned for industrial zone and reserved for WWTP No industrial land use planned Overall Good Poor condition o 5.2.2. SEWAGE PIPELINE SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES Central and West trunk sewer alternatives Feasibility Study Report discussed 3 alternative plans of the sewage pipeline routes based on the number of WWTPs and site selection. These are: * Plan One: Centralized treatment scheme (with 2 plants), * Plan Two: Relatively centralized scheme (with 3 plants), * Plan Three: Relatively dispersed scheme (with 4 plants). Finally, Plan Two is selected for the central and west pipeline network. The recommended plan is one that involves forward fewer pump stations and less work to the pipeline crossing through Huchong Road that would otherwise involve a large amount of resettlement. The adjustment is to lay pipelines along Zhongheng Road and Anzong Road instead of crossing Huchong Highway. The recommended plan shows more advantages and the pipeline route therefore can be confirmed. In Plan Two, there are three alternative plans of sewage collection and delivery route for the central and west pipeline network: * Scheme One: Huchong road - East Waihuan road, * Scheme Two: Anzhong road - East Waihuan road, * Scheme Three: Huchong road. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE115 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 39: OPTIONS FOR CENTRAL AND WEST TRUNK SEWER SCHEMES Contents of project Scheme I Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Number of collection Excavation 40.4km 46.6km 38.28km pipelines Pipe acking 34.0km 30.53km 32.90km Pump stations 10 10 12 Number of management staff Small Small Small Economic cost 312,270,000RMB 293,330,000RMB 302,160,000 RMB Pump stations' operational cost Low Low High Safety of operation Good Good Poor Number of inverted siphon 98 99 101 Integration of Stage II with central city Good Good Poor Integration with road planning Not very good Good Poor Distribution of residential areas and Many Few Many sensitive point along the pipeline route Environmental acceptability Neutral Easily accepted Neutral The result of the comparison makes clear that Scheme 2 is more advantageous, therefore it is recommended. However, from the intersection of Zhongheng Road and Huchong Road (where there are more residences at the northern side along the west-east road), the pipeline should be routed to the southern side of the road and closely adjacent to the road, as Zhongheng Road has not bitumen surface, and the construction should occupy a minimum of farmland on the southern side. East sewace pipelines alternatives There are two alternative plans of sewage collection and delivery route for the east pipeline network: * Plan 1: Zhongengxian road - Danshuihong road (gravity flow scheme) * Plan 2: Zhongengxian road - Danshuihong road (gravity and pressure flow scheme) The first one is the recommended plan for the eastern sewage pipeline system. TABLE 40: OPTIONS FOR EASTERN TRUNK SEWER SCHEME Contents of project Plan 1 Plan 2 Number of Excavation 19.81km 20.91 km collectiOn pipelines Pipe jacking 10.29km 9.19km Pump stations 5 3 Number of management staff Many Few Economic cost 11 3,490,000RMB 106,270,000RMB Number of inverted siphons 39 38 Users to connect in convenient Convenient Safety operation Good Poor Construction condition Poor Good The current width of Danshuihong is about 20-30 m, and will be expanded to 60m and with landscaped belts along the sides according to Cixi primary watercourse treatment plan. It is recommended that the pipeline be laid along the west bank of Danshuihong before it is widened and constructed at the same time as the river widening project and associated landscaping belt in order to reduce the ecological destruction. SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17. R3.2 - FINAL PAGE116 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 5.2.3. SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS ALTERNATIVES Denitrification and phosphate removal methods are required in the project to achieve Class 1A standard and future functional management of Cixi water canal network. Process-inverted A2/O method is recommended in the feasibility study, in which the anoxic stage is placed ahead of the anaerobic stage, coagulation and disinfection process are also added after the secondary sedimentation tank. Preliminary comparison shows that this can meet the requirement of denitrification, phosphate removal and the removal of suspended substance. As for the third-step treatment technology, the feasibility study report recommends the use of artificial wetland. However, the later plan is still at the stage of feasibility study, and no construction plan is available. Analysis of the current situation of the two WNWTP sites suggests that, natural conditions exist for the establishment of artificial wetlands near the plant sites. TABLE 41: COMPARISON OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES Item for comparison A/A/O Oxidation ditch Inverted A/A/O Suitable for most treatment Hih t f Low C/N and low energy- Application condition plants that have good C/N and High reqirement or consumption for phosphate removal C/P and Denitrification Phosphate removal Fine Poor Good Denitrification Fine Good Good Distribution of carbon Poor Reasonable source Length of process Short Short Relatively short Operation management Easy Easy Complex Requirements for second sedimentation High Low pool Energy consumption High Relatively high Low Land occupation Relatively small Big Small plan Results Resultsof plan Not bad Good Best comparison 5.2.4. WWTP EFFLUENT OUTLETS ALTERNATIVES Northern WWTP effluent outlet alternatives According to the Feasibility Study Report, effluent from the Northern WVVTP was planned for discharge into the adjacent Jiutangheng river. This, 30-40m wide, river was recently constructed as part of the Hangzhou Bay New District development and connects its western end to Luzhong Bay. This river discharges via the Shitangheng sea gate to Hangzhou Bay. The total length of river from WWTP to Shitangheng sea gate is 15km. An alternative scheme would be to connect the WWTP discharge into Shitangheng river and thence westwards to Shitangheng sea gate. This distance would be 10km. And a third alternative scheme would be to discharge into Jiutangheng and Shitangheng separately (multi-discharge points option). The preferred option is determined following the modelling of the canal and river network by which flow and quality is evaluated. This indicates that, in terms of dilution and diffusion of pollutants, the multiple-discharge points option has more advantages and is recommended. The following figures show the distribution of concentration levels for the different alternatives. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE117 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIGURE 23: SIMULATED CONCENTRATION LEVELS INCANAL NETWORK INCLXI CITY FOR ALTERNATIVES Discharge point into Shitangheng river (after implementation of Stage 1) S20W0 : . . _ 40000 9 , } .. .-- sooooo4. * r ".-40r0E0mor, 40ooo , j,\ ,,,'',',L' . .--- ,...... 20000 ...... 2 00 010 ...... ,...... 380003200000 ' .4 ...... m ;: ;; 40(000 SOOCO SYOO0 600000 600 70D0000 7000 00000 00 0000 SX0OO Multi-discharge points into Jiutangheng river and Shitanghenge river (after implementation of Stage 1) W ' - --- .'- -- ~~~~~~---o Alir- 040000 1l5000OO - S4i02000 I ,s-----' - |1500000u104 00cm0 0150WC.. 0~ -a~~~~~~~ 0~~~~~~~0 10DOM 42000D 4GCI C.. 400000 - ' -:- -- . -- ' - , - o o0. aco20 zoto0 ...... ,... 400000 "O DO ...... ------ 38=000 3000003aoo00 ...... ---..... -- ...... 234000 . ------...... '., ------...... ::: \:: 24 =000 ...... -...... - 40000 roooo0 0sso0 o 030 SsOOD0 7000o0 7osoooo 000o0 ssooo0 s0000 0 960000 SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE118 JANuARY 2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Eastern WWTP effluent outlet alternatives The effluent of the Eastern WWTP is planned for discharge into Danshuihong, which then joins the Shitangheng river. Danshuihong is planned for widening to 60m and this work is now under construction. The river goes 5km southward through Sanbei town to around Dajiao lake which is one of the water source of Cixi City. Given the low water conveyance of Cixi canal network, the water level is likely to rise to backflow southward if the sewage is discharged into Danshuihong, which is against the water source protection. In addition, the Danshuihong part of East Cixi Industrial Park is planned as municipal landscape and entertainment center, and is inappropriate to discharge effluent into Danshuihong. So it is recommended to discharge the effluent of the Eastern WWTP into the planned Shitangheng river of the main canals network, which is 5km westward from the intersection of Danshuihong and Shitangheng river. The feasibility study report has adopted this scheme. 5.2.5. SLUDGE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES According to the following comparison table, both composting and landfill approaches have advantages and disadvantages. When the concentration of hazardous substances like heavy metals meet national standard, the application of a composting plant will achieve bulk reduction of sludge, create composite fertilizers, and completely solve the problem of secondary pollution caused by sludge landfill. At present, the Stage I project recommends sludge disposal into Cixi's landfills, and this approach is feasible. However, when the quantity of sludge increases in the long term, digestion treatment and composting treatment should be considered. TABLE 42: ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL Disposal Extent of utilization and advantages Existing problems approaches Difficult to select large site; long Landfill Landfill is a relatively mature technology, and delivery distance; possibility of it's been used for over 40 years worldwide. groundwater pollution from failure of infiltration prevention. Good approach of sludge resource utilization, low energy consumption, abundant organic nutrient that can be recycled and reused. Dried Without pre-treatment, sludge may at high temperature, sludge is transformed into contain pathogenic diseases and heavy grain fertilizer; with added chemical fertilizer, metals, causing disease dispersion and Composting it becomes compound fertilizer. The approach heavy metal pollution. is rarely used in China. Sludge compost High cost for compost; selling not well requires low level of heavy metal in the market. concentration to meet the pollution control standard for sludge of agricultural uses. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE119 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1. OBJECTIVES OF EMP The role of the EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be considered during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions deemed necessary to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between impacts and alternative mitigation measures evaluated and described in the EA reports and the way these measures are implemented to achieve their mitigation objectives. For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, the schedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of Government Agencies, the source of funding and the way to monitor the results. 6.2. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS To secure an efficient implementation of the environmental mitigation measures, these measures must be presented in the main contractual documentation which includes 1) The Memorandum of Contract Negotiation and 2) the Technical Specifications, through a clear reference to the EA and EMP and should be detailed in the Technical Specifications. Thus, the preparation of detailed environmental specifications for the Contractor will be a first mitigation measure proposed prior to the bidding process, with the objective to have eventually a contractual document which establishes clearly the obligations of the contractor, the quantities of work involved and the related cost of measures. 6.2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR It is proposed to develop detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor, which can be in the future easily adapted to the specific context of each considered project. These specifications will be organized into 4 sections: * Section A: Environmental Protection Management * Section B: Labor Camps and Occupational Health Management * Section C: Safety Management * Section D: Social Management Each section will address 2 aspects: 1) Sub-Section 1: description of the Contractors obligations with regards to those aspects covered by the section (for compliance monitoring); and 2) Sub- Section 2: description of performance indicators that will be monitored for deciding payment of the services (for impact monitoring). SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE120 JANuARY 2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Section A will specify the Contractor obligations regarding the preparation of a Construction Site Environmental Management Program (CSEMP) aiming at protecting the work sites and their surroundings against potentially adverse impacts. The Contractor's CSEMP will include the facilities and procedures for the management of camps and construction wastes, the soil conservation measures and proposed rehabilitation works once the construction ends, the measures aiming at protecting cultural and ecological assets if any, the preventive measures against water pollution and the monitoring program (air, water). Section B will address the minimum standards to be implemented in the labour camps and facilities regarding issues as workers accommodation, food supply and canteen, waste management, water supply, treatment of sewage and sanitary conditions on site. Section C will address safety issues, and the related Environmental Specifications will cover two distinct aspects, i) On-site Safety, Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), and Medical issues, and ii) Off site Safety issues. On-site Safety, PPE, and medical aspects address all the measures the Contractor needs to implement to ensure a safety standard equivalent to international practice, and to provide appropriate medical emergency procedures for the workforce. Off-site Safety concerns all issues to be dealt outside from construction sites. It covers traffic hazards resulting from the transport of equipment to or from the construction sites, and focuses mainly on the trunk sewer component which will involve construction activities along about 1000km in populated and high traffic density areas. For Off-site issues, the Environmental Specifications will define objectives. The Contractor will detail in its proposal the plan he intends to implement to achieve these objectives. Section D will define the framework conditions for the Contractor to manage social issues related to construction activities. Most of these conditions will focus on how to reduce nuisance to residents, mainly anticipated from noise, from the temporary road closures and the cut-off of electricity, gas, water or telephone services when laying the trunk sewer network. The contractors will be requested to prepare a Nuisance Control Plan (NCP) which will be discussed with Project authorities and other Municipal Agencies concerned and with affected residents during information and consultation meetings. Issues to be discussed will focus on the procedures to be applied by the contractor prior to close a road or to cut-off water, gas or any other service, and on the general nuisance as access to buildings and shops, noise and air pollution. 6.3. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION The NWECP implementation will be managed by a Project Management Office (PMO) under the Ningbo Municipal Government. Under this PMO, the Ningbo Water Supply Company (resp.: the Cixi City Drainage Company) will own and implement the Ningbo Water Supply Project (resp.: the Cixi Wastewater Project) under its own Project Owner Implementation Unit (POIU). The PMO and the two POlUs (Ningbo and Cixi) will be assisted by one (or several) independent Construction Supervision Engineer(s) (CSE) under a specific TA. It is proposed to strengthen environmental and social management during the implementation of the EMP at POIU level, and to include Environmental Compliance Monitoring among the construction supervision tasks under the responsibility of the CSE. To ensure that applicable national, provincial and municipal environmental laws, regulations and standards, as well as WB environmental and social requirements are respected during Project preparation and implementation, an Environmental Management Division (EMD) will be established by each POIU. The EMDs will have the responsibility to coordinate and organise monitoring activities during construction with concerned government agencies, to ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures decided in the EMP. Each EMD will be composed of 2 environmental specialists (preferably a senior and a junior),. These two specialists will be assisted by the regular staff of the POIU (secretaries, accountants, etc.). SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE121 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVSORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Compliance Monitoring: at field level, the EMDs will rely on the Construction Supervision Engineer, through an Environmental Supervision Unit (ESU) including a Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser (CSEA) (responsible for both NWSP and CWP) assisted by two Environmental Field Inspectors (EFI): one appointed to the NWSP and one appointed to CWP. Impact Monitoring: the EMDs will subcontract all impact monitoring activities to one (or several) Independent Environmental Monitoring Units (IEMU). These units can be independent local consultants or EPBs, provided that they have the technical capability to implement the monitoring by their own. The proposed general organization for Environmental management of the project is presented in the following Figure. FIGURE 24: PROPOSED ORGANIZATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP Ningbo Government Zhejiang M 7 = 1.,,.w Ls' Clxi City Omainage Company Ningbo Clxbd Province __"N e ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~MunicipalMunicipal BPS Mn Project Owner Clxi Project Owner city CRYi l implementation Unit (POIU ImplementatIon Unit (POIU t Management U Env. Management Env. Management Bureau DivIslon (EMD) Division (EMD) 2 Envwomnt Specasks 2 Envnt SoaidisNC Ningbo CltV ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ningboct EPS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~waiterDrai City Supply Dompang company Company Y,nzI,Ou'~1 Implct N/Pact BP. SJBPxl Inde,}pendepnt nnntndAEpndwarenfspecetI p ~~~~~~~~~15-onnowJaS~po,v,wn a r¢S< X; t d t Canarni~~~Suporwswo i;i ,--- - : 'a.Advrise (CSEAC 6.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES The management of the environmental and social monitoring effort will involve open communications between the field personnel of the CSE, EMDs and POIUs, the PMO and senior executive staff of Ningbo Municipal Government. An important element of the communication process will be the organized transfer of information concerning situations that do not comply with the project environmental requirements, specifications, goals or objectives. These situations are identified on site by the CSEA and his EFI staff, and then reported when appropriate at higher level for decision. To help focus senior management attention on the most important issues, non- compliance observations will be separated into 3 levels on the basis of importance, and communications requirements for the observations will be commensurate with the severity of the non-compliance situation. The proposed non-compliance detection, reporting and resolution flow- chart is presented in the following Figure. SOGREAH-JCA-- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE122 JANUARY2005 NINGSO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIGURE 25: COMMUNICATION, REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART Non-compliance observation by Environmental Field Inspector (EFI) EFI determines incident severity level (e.g. Level 1,li or Ill). If needed, requests work stoppage. EFI notifies Construction Contractor end CSEA. No Corctv acio reole by rcieatincnitntwhEPJ Constiuction Representative and CSEA Corrective action resolved by -yes~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~e EFI makes follow-up observation. Is the situation satisfactorily resolved ? No- yes As appropriate from incident investigatton, ESU team to determine if changes k ~~~~inworks processes are needed to prevent future recuirrencesJ _I I No Yes Documentation in routine weekly report to Documentation in special weekly report to POIU's Construction Representative and POIU's Construction Manager and EMD CSEA Manager Documentation in routine bimonthly report by CSEA to EMD Manager and by EMD Manager to POIU's Construction Manager SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE123 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 6.3.2. TRAINING PLAN Environmental capacity building is mainly required for EMD and ESU personnel. EMD personnel will be trained as part of the technical assistance component of project. The training will be closely associated with the intervention of the Technical Assistance Environmental Specialist, who will basically prepare the work program of the EMD and ESU staff. Training courses will also be provided to contractors and workers during the works implementation. The in-house capacity to be developed for the present project is expected to replicate in the coming years, providing Ningbo Municipal Government with taskforces capable to answer the requirements of international lending institutions in the field of Environmental Assessment and to implement for each construction project an efficient management and monitoring of all environmental issues. 6.3.3. ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION Activities to be carried out for the organization, training and management of environmental issues are presented in Appendix 4. 6.4. MONITORING 6.4.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (COMPLIANCE MONITORING) The environmental monitoring of construction activities is at the centre of the effective implementation of the EMP: The objective is to carry out a regular and comprehensive review of the actual implementation status of the environmental obligations of the Contractor. This monitoring aims at ensuring compliance of Contractor activities with its contractual commitments as well as with the environmental regulations and standards prevailing in PRC. Compliance monitoring is carried out throughout the project construction stage by the CSEA, assisted in his task by Environmental Field Inspectors (EFI). EFIs monitor field activities on a daily basis while CSEA will make a monthly routine visit to each construction site, keeping aside exceptional visits resulting from the observation of a non-compliance. The ESU will monitor all aspects relevant to the 4 sections of the Technical Specifications. For each section, a Standard Site Review Sheet (SRS) will be prepared EMDs before the works implementation starts. The SRS system will allow, on a monthly basis, a rapid review of the environmental progress on the construction sites, a tool for ranking the quality level observed and a formal way to check if requirements expressed to the Contractor the previous month have been given due attention and are satisfactory. Based on this review by the ESU, the EMD will give or not its approval for payments of the concerned components for the given period. Detail of activities is presented in Appendix 4. 6.4.2. WATER QUALITY MONITORING (IMPACT MONITORING) Objectives of water quality monitoring are: * To ensure a strict control of pollution from construction activities and to check the efficiency of water quality protection measures set up by the civil work contractor; * To ensure that construction activities do not alter significantly the river or reservoir or aquifer water quality; * To ensure that the treatment facilities function correctly during the operation period. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE124 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT During the operation period of the NWSP, Maojiaping WTP effluents could have impact on Xiaoxi river, therefore a water quality compliance monitoring of Maojiaping effluent should be performed. In addition, EA show that the project will have no significant impacts on river quality downstream of Jiaokou reservoir. But the effluents discharged by villages and industries in the river downstream Jiaokou reservoir outlet cause a reduction in river water quality. Therefore, it is recommended that a comprehensive water quality monitoring is carried out although, this will not be the responsibility of this project downstream of the Jiaokou reservoir outlet. During the operation period of the CWP, EA show that the project will have beneficial impacts on the quality of Cixi canal network but the WWTP effluents discharged in the canal network could have an impact on the canal in case of technical incident. Therefore a compliance water quality monitoring of WWTP effluents should be performed. The canal network quality depends on the quality of other effluents from industries. Therefore, it is recommended to perform a complete water quality monitoring into the canals network to follow the evolution of all the canals quality. This monitoring is not taken into account in this EMP because it should be performed within the frameworks of the rivers quality improvement and is not a direct impact of the assessed project. Water quality monitoring during construction and operation periods will be subcontracted by the EMD to an Independent Environment Monitoring Unit (IEMU), which might be either a local company or an EPB. Main activities are presented in Appendix 4. 6.4.3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE MONITORING (IMPACT MONITORING) Monitoring of air quality and noise will be maintained throughout construction and operation stages of the project. The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that air pollution, dust and noise standards are respected on the construction sites and that these nuisances are kept to a minimum acceptable level for the surrounding residents. IEMU will carry out during the construction period monitoring of air quality at sites determined jointly by IEMU and EMD at the start of the works. IEMU may also carry out additional monitoring of air quality upon written request by EMD or following repeated claims from residents in a specific area. IEMU will carry out during the construction period, random monitoring of noise produced by equipment and machines used on the construction sites. Control will also be performed at the request of the EMD Manager, following either primary request from the CSEA/EFI of ESU or direct claims from residents. During the operation stage of the facilities, routine monitoring will be carried out by the operator of each facility. Results will be controlled by IEMU through random sampling and measurement. Main activities are presented in Appendix 4. 6.4.4. SEWAGE SLUDGE MONITORING Objectives of the sewage sludge monitoring are: * To provide further information concerning sewage sludge for the development of a Sludge Management Plan for Cixi; * To enable the operator to control the operation of the wastewater treatment process, particularly with regard to sludge; * To provide information concerning the composition of sludge and/or its toxicity controlling the ultimate disposal route for sludge. The sewage sludge monitoring will be generally undertaken by the Cixi Wastewater Company with controlling samples monitored by IEMU. Detail of activities is presented in Appendix 4. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE125 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 6.5. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP The implementation of the EMP measures relies on the intervention of several parties involving funding from different budget lines or sources. Most of the activities involving environment protection are to be provided by the contractor, and will be included in his tendered cost. These costs will be presented in his tender in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the bidding documentation. However, the rather limited budgets involved in environmental activities are probably not sufficient to raise a strong interest from the Contractor. Until environmental protection practices become a fully integrated part of construction contracts, penalties are the most efficient way to expedite the process. For that reason, it is considered to establish a contractor obligations budget to a fixed percentage of the construction costs, say 3%. This amount will be split into 1% direct fees to be paid to the contractor in accordance with the progress of the work, and 2% as an Environmental Bonus, to be paid in accordance with the full compliance with EMP requirements. This amount will be with hold until such time as full compliance is achieved. Operational costs for the EMD should be included in the global Project Management Cost related to the POlUs. Office and field equipment as well as transportation facilities costs will also be included in the same budget. Monitoring activity by EFI and CSEA staff is part of the Construction Management and Supervision Cost of the Project. Training requirements involving foreign or national consultancy will be included in the Technical Assistance budget for the project. Provision will also be allocated to EMD for the appointment of domestic or foreign specialists on an ad hoc basis, if circumstances during the construction stage require such high level expertise. These will also be charged to the Technical Assistance budget for the project. The budget estimate will be provided in the EMP report. The total budget for the implementation of the EMP is estimated at 200,000RMB (24,100US$) as investments, 8.95 million RMB (1.08 million US$) for operation, including 2.75 million RMB (331,325US$) for the operation of the ESU of the Works Supervision Engineer. Global cost for EMP is given in the EMP report. Monitoring of facilities during operation is basically the responsibility of the Operators. They are in charge of sampling and analysis, under the control of EMD. IEMUs will carry out random samplings during the year in order to confirm the validity of the data provided by the Operator. It is considered that the cost for the IEMU control is supported by the facilities during the first 3 years of operation and could then be integrated into EPBs annual budgets. The annual cost for IEMU control is estimated at 413,44ORMB (49,800US$): 124,64ORMB (15,000US$) for Ningbo Water Supply Project and 288,800RMB (34,800US$) for Cixi Wastewater Project. SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE126 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 43: SUMMARY TABLE FOR EMP COSTS ITEM ANNUAL BUDGET 5 YEAR BUDGET SOURCE OFFUNDS (RMB) (RMB) INVESTMENTS (YEAR 1ONLY) CREATION OFEMD 150,000 150,000 PMC Total 150,000 150,000 PMC OPERA TION EXPENSES EMD OPERAnON SALARIES 300,000 1,500,000 PMC OFFICE OPERATION COSTS 120,000 600,000 PMC TRANSPORTATION 100,000 500,000 PMC TOTAL ESD OPERATION 520,000 2,600,000 PMC MONITORING AcvWmEs (WATER, AIR, NOISE) FOR NWSP COMPONENT 100,000 250,000 PMC FOR CWP COMPONENT 100,000 250,000 PMC TOTAL MONITORING 200,000 500,000 PMC TA AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES TA ENVIRONMENT SPECIALIST (YEAR 1) 1,500,000 1,500,000 TAC TA ENVIRONMENT SPECIALIST (YEARS 2 TO 5) 300,000 1,200,000 TAC BUDGET FOR TECHNICALEXPERTISE 50,000 250,000 TAC TOTALTA/rRAINING 1,850,000 2,950,000 TAC ESUBUDGET SALARIES 300,000 1,500,000 CMSC OFFICE OPERATION COSTS 150,000 750,000 CMSC TRANSPORTATION 100,000 500,000 CMSC TOTAL ESU BUDGET 550,000 2,750,000 CMSC TOTAL OPERA7nONBUDGETFOR EMP 3,270,000 (YEAR 1) 8,950,000 (YEARS 1 TO5) - Notes: PMC: Project Management Cost CMSC: Construction Management and Supervision Cost. TAC: Technical Assistance Cost SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117 R3.2 - FINAL PAGE127 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE According to China environmental protection laws and regulations, management rules and World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), public participation work was carried out during Environmental Assessment to involve the people directly or indirectly related to this project. 7.1. NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT Public investigation was based upon the issue of questionnaires, random consultation and announcement through local people's government, to seek opinions and suggestions from all social circles directly or indirectly related to the project area. People canvassed included staff of government agencies, ordinary residents of town, villages, factory and company farmers and professionals. This project involved two series of public consultation. The specific procedure for the first series was to issue 100 social questionnaires focusing on town government, villagers' committee, rural residents in the location where reservoir and water works are situated as well as the public and individuals directly or indirectly related to this project along the route of the water supply network. The specific procedure of the second round of public participation (prior to submission of environmental assessment report for approval) was to advertise in "Ningbo Daily" and various project location to advise the public that they can consult the 'environmental impact report" and related data for this project on the Internet and at specified locations and can provide reactions and suggestions. The first public consultation was held during the spring 2004, and 97% of issued questionnaires were returned, indicating the public in the region is very interested by the project. Most respondents knew about this project and think this project has a benefit on local economy and on their own quality of life. 38.1% respondents think the main factor affecting the living conditions in this region is water shortage. Almost all respondents (96.9%) think the location of Maojiaping WTW is logical. For the environmental impact caused by water diversion from reservoir, the public are most concerned about ecological problems, then impact on water quality in the lower reaches of river and then impact on groundwater. The most concern about transmission tunnel is waste residues and possible landslides caused by this project. In addition, most respondents (70.1%) think the overall impact of this project on the environment is small and acceptable, but hope controlled construction will be carried out and the project will be completed as scheduled. The investigation result also shows that 88.7% respondents support the construction of this project. 7.2% objected to the construction of this project, mainly being the fruit farmers of Zhangshui town in the lower reaches of Jiaokou reservoir, who are worried that ecological environment will be affected due to reduction of river flow after water diversion, which will directly affect production, life and household income. The second public consultation will be organized on the basis of the issues addressed in the Draft EA for each component. In August 2004, Yinzhou District Construction Bureau and Ningbo Water Supply Company organized a small symposium at the project location and the participants mainly were: * Farmer representatives who use the rivers (mainly Zhangxi river) in the lower reaches of Jiaokou reservoir to irrigate farmland; * Fishery representatives who rely on water from Jiaokou reservoir to breed aquatics; * Some people affected by land requisition and relocation; * Villager and resident representatives near sensitive points during construction period. SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE128 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The attendants generally think that construction of this project can increase quantity of supply water to meet the requirement of water consumption for urban construction, economic development and improvement of residents' living standard. Substitution of high quality reservoir water sources for present water works in villages and towns can improve quality of supply water and safeguard residents' health and the safety of urban water supply system. Therefore construction of this project is of great importance. However they also pointed out that this project will generate some adverse effect. For example, directly taking water from Jiaokou reservoir will result in flow reduction of Zhangxi river, change of water quality, invasion of weeds on riverbank, impact on landscape and imbalance of ecology. They also fear that the project may affect fruit production and affect drainage and irrigation equipment in villages and aquaculture in the lower reaches of the river. In addition, they raised the following suggestions and requirements: * Enough compensation should be given to the residents whose production, life and income may be affected by land requisition (including temporary land occupation) and construction according to related regulations; * Some minimum "compensation" flow should be ensured so as not to affect the residents' life and production water in the lower reaches of Jiaokou reservoir; * Attention should be paid to the noise during construction and some effective measures should be taken in the locations where residential buildings are densely located; * Loss of orchard land should be minimised during construction, impact on traffic and residents' access should be reduced and the project should be completed as scheduled; * Investment should be rationally and effectively utilized as the project investment is great; * Ecological protection should be strengthened and widened in the upper reaches of the reservoir region and a vegetation protection fund should be allocate to ensure water quality of water sources. According to the requirement of World Bank environmental assessment policy and actual need, information disclosure had been conducted during the second round of public consultation. * When the first draft of environmental assessment report for this project was completed, an announcement was posted in Meixi village, Yinjiang town (where Maojiaping WTW is located) and Ningbo urban area (Ningbo Water Supply Company) to advise the public that they can consult the "Environmental Assessment Report" (first draft) of this project th th and provide feedback. The time of announcement was in 2004 from June 4 to June 1 4 * Before normal review, "announcement" was published in "Ningbo Daily" on September and the public participate in Ningbo Water 5 th 2004 to let the broader social organizations Supply Project by reviewing the draft "Environmental Assessment Report". The specific placement location was Baoyugang Library reading room and Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute. Two internet sites also mentioned it: www.nbeob.gov.cn/announcement and www.nbwater.com/Callboard. To date, no feedback has received from people by mail box, phone or opinion books. The advanced explanation given by Chinese is that the public expressed that this project is urban infrastructure and its objective is to serve the society and is beneficial to the people, thus nobody has any complaint and they have not made any formal response. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE129 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 44: PUBLIC CONSULTATION &INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT ACTMTY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS Public consultation Ningbo Environment Govemment March to May Ningbo city OD 4.30 and OP (Draft questionnaires) Science Institute agencies 2004 and Yinzhou 4.01 Village leaders distriuct Fanmers Workers Teachers Businessmen Others Information Disclosure Ningbo Environment Infommation place June 2004 NEPSRDI OP4.01 (EA Draft Report) Science Institute in Yinjiang town, Meixi village and Ningbo city Public consultation Ningbo Environment Govemment June to August Ningbo city OD 4.30 and OP (Revised Institute officers 2004 and Yinzhou 4.01 questionnaires) Village leaders distriuct Farmers Workers Teachers Businessmen Others Public Meeting Yinzhou Construction August 2004 Yinzhou district Agency Ningbo Water Supply Company Information Disclosure Ningbo Environment Information place September 2004 Baoyugang OP4.01 (EA Revised Report) Science Institute in 'Ningbo Daily" library NEPSRDI Intemet Public Meeting Ningbo Water Supply October2004 Yinzhou district Company 7.2. CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT Public participation in this project has the following aims: to understand views of the governments, social organizations and the public located along the sewage pipeline, around the pump stations and around the WWTP. Subjects of the public consultation mainly include people who will be affected by land acquisition and resettlement for the project, people who live close to sensitive points during the construction period, people who may be affected during the operation period of the project, and relevant specialists from Cixi city. With specialists and governments, an interview method was employed to consult and visit a panel of specialists in governments of various levels. This helped to collect their views and suggestions about the proposed sites of the WWTP, sewage pipeline route, locations of the pump stations and effluent outlets. With the general public, methods of personal interviews and questionnaires distributions were employed. This helped to collect the public's opinions and suggestions about this project. Public meetings were also held with agricultural and fishing farmers near the two proposed WWTP and the people to be affected by future land acquisition and resettlement, to collect their opinions and suggestions about this project. SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE130 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The first-round public consultation was carried out from January to April in 2004. A total of 110 questionnaires were sent out. At the same time, several specialists were interviewed, including water conservancy, marine, planning, sewage treatment, agricultural and environmental sanitation specialists. The second-round public consultation was carried out in early September 2004. A total of 160 questionnaires were sent out. Meanwhile, three public consultation meetings were organized by Cixi Drainage Co. Ltd. Relevant specialists, such as for water conservancy, marine fishery and agriculture, and the residents living near the sensitive points were also visited. The third-round public consultation was carried out in late September 2004. A total of 46 questionnaires were sent out and three public consultation meetings were held. * In early 2004, the assessment company interviewed and consulted a panel of specialists on issues of the technology, management and environmental protection in Stage I Cixi Sewage Treatment Project. The experts unanimously stated that the implementation of this project will effectively and fully improve the existing situation in Cixi. The biggest concern of the interviewed specialists was the issue of water quality after sewage treatment. They emphasized that treated efluent has to reach specific quality standard before discharged into the canals network. In addition, they advised the adjustment of sewage pipe routes to comply with Cixi municipal master planning and the industrial zone planning. In September 2004, the assessment company visited specialists from Cixi Agriculture Bureau, Marine Bureau and Water Conservancy Bureau to collect their opinions about the issue of treated effluent after the completion of this project. The specialists unanimously highlighted that the treated effluent must meet the discharge standard requirement and that the WVvTP should carry out routine monitoring. * On September 3rd 2004, assisted by Cixi Drainage Company, the assessment company held a consultation meeting at Sanbei Town Government with its crop farmers and fishing farmers. Another consultation meeting was held the same day at Chongshou Town Government with its farmers. Farmers confirm that they want an improvement of the water quality in the canals network to irrigate cropping and vegetable land. Fish farmers in Sanbei Town were worried about the losses to aquaculture possibly caused by this project, and were willing to take compensation for the possible losses. * On September 27 th and 28th 2004, assisted by Cixi Drainage Company, the assessment company held public consultation meetings in the classrooms of Sanbei Secondary School, Chongshou Secondary School and Xiaolin Secondary School. The participants were residents living near the sound sensitive points during the construction period and people affected by land acquisition and resettlement. The meetings collected the participants' opinions about the route of pipeline construction and the environmental impacts during the construction period. Opinions about the resettlement plan were also asked to people affected by land acquisition and resettlement. The participants were statisfied by the explanation provided and expressed that the construction of this project will help to substantially improve the local environment, and thus is a very good, positive project. * The first-round public survey was carried out in April 2004 during the process of development of the first version EA report. A total of 110 questionnaires were sent out with a response rate of 97%. The main result is that around 96.3% of the surveyed public agreed with the construction of this project. No respondents were against the construction. * The second-round was conducted on September 1st to 7th 2004, when the first version of the EA report had been revised and supplemented. A total of 160 questionnaires were sent out with a response rate of 89.4%. The surveys were mainly distributed at towns of Sanbei, Fanshi and Chongshou that are close to the sites of the proposed WWTPs and at areas that are close to the sensitive points where the environmental quality survey was carried out. Results suggest that 92.8% of the surveyed public agreed with the construction of this project and only 3.6% of the respondents disagreed. However, 30.4% of the respondents opposed the disposal approach to discharge treated effluent into the canals network even if it meets the discharge standard; and 27.5% of them were against the disposal approach to discharge treated effluent when the sea gates are raised. Therefore the construction company of this project should further exchange ideas about the issue of treated effluent disposal with people who may be affected, in order to gain their confidence that no adverse impacts will result. SOGREAH-JCA- 135011 7.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE131 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The third-round public survey was carried out on September 27th and 28th. A total of 46 questionnaires were sent out with 43 returned, and the response rate was 93.5%. Main subjects were residents living near the pipeline construction reservations and the pumping stations and people to be affected by land acquisition in Sanbei, Xiaolin, Chongshou, Xinpu and Kandun towns. Recepients of the second and third rounds of questionnaire surveys were residents living near the pumping station sites and those likely to be affected acoustically. Compared with results from of the second round survey, proportion of respondents against the approach to discharge treated effluent into canals network decreased from 30.4% to 23.3% and the proportion of respondents against the artificial wetland treatment of effluent decreased from 21.0% to 18.6%. Proportion of respondents against disposal of treated effluent when the sea gates lift up decreased from 27.5% to 25.6%. If affected by land acquisition, 100% of the respondents were willing to relocate or to accept compensation. NB: In regard with the disagreement the public showed to wetland effluent treatment and treated effluent discharge approaches, the assessment company provided timely feedback. It was explained to the participants that during the process of wetland effluent treatment, the wetlands will be carefully protected and there will be no damages to the ecological environment. It was also highlighted that treated effluent will reach the discharge standard before discharged into canals network. Questions were raised about the impacts of treated effluent discharge into the canals network or into the sea on the agricultural or fishery production, and these questions were answered from the perspective of local compensation policies. During the three rounds of public consultation, totally 17 specialists were visited and interviewed in areas such as water conservancy, marine, fishery, planning, sewage treatment technology, agriculture and environmental sanitation. A total of 293 questionnaires, correctly completed, were returned. Six public meetings were held with fish farmers, crop farmers living near the WWTP sites and residents near the sensitive points. In total the participants were 70. 46 people near the sensitive points or affected by land acquisition were interviewed on site. By means of interactive communication, people along the pipeline route, near the pump station sites and the proposed AWWTP obtained a better understanding of this project, and their opinions and suggestions were collected. The public raised some questions during this process, which were satisfyingly and fully answered by the assessment company. When developing the environmental management measures the public's opinions were fully considered. The surveyed public expressed their strong concerns about the impacts of treated effluent discharge from this project. It is recommended that, while Cixi Government and relevant planning, agricultural, forestry, fishery and marine departments propose and implement various plans, these plans should take careful note of the concerns of the population and the interest of agriculture and fisheries within a radius of 5km of the points of treated discharge. SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE132 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 45: PUBLIC CONSULTATION &INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE WASTEWATER COMPONENT ACTIVITY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE WORLD BANK Interviews with Beijing Novel Specialists of January to April Specialists specialists Environmental water 2004 offices Protection Co. Ltd. conservancy, marine, planning, sewage treatment, agriculture and environmental sanitation. Public consultation Beijing Novel Public to be January to April Cixi city OD 4.30 and OP (1" round Environmental affected 2004 4.01 questionnaires) Protection Co. Ltd. Cixi drainage Company Interviews with Beijing Novel Specialists of September 1" Specialists specialists Environmental water 2004 offices Protection Co. Ltd. conservancy, marine aquaculture and agriculture. Public consultation Beijing Novel Public to be September 2004 Sanbei, Fanshi OD 4.30 and OP ,d affected near the and 4.01 (2 round Environmental questionnaires) Protection Co. Ltd. WWTP and the Chongshou Cixi drainage sensitive points towns Company Public Meeting Beijing Novel Cropping farmers September 3'r Sanbei, Fanshi Environmental in Sanbei town 2004 and Protection Co. Ltd. Fishing farmers in Chongshou Cixi drainage Sanbei town towns Company Cropping farmers in Chongshou town Public consultation Beijing Novel Public to be September 27,n Sanbei, OD 4.30 and OP 4.01 (3rdround Environmental affected near the and 28 h 2004 Xiaolin, questionnaires) Protection Co. Ltd. VVWTP and the Chongshou, Cixi drainage sensitive points Xinpu, Kandun Company Public Meetings Beijing Novel Residents living September 27 Classroom of Environmental within 100m from and 28th 2004 Chongshou Protection Co. Ltd. the sound secondary Cixi drainage sensitive points school, Sanbei Company during the secondary construction school and period and Xiaolin people to be secondary affected by land school acquisition and resettlement Site interviews Beijing Novel Residents living September 27'n Sanbei town, Environmental within 100m from and 28th 2004 Xiaolin town, Protection Co. Ltd. the sensitive Kandun Cixi drainage pump stations Company Information Disclosure Beijing Novel Information place October and WB project OP4.01 (EA Final Report) Environmental in 'Cixi Daily" and November 2004 office Protection Co. Ltd. Govemment web Cixi site construction Bureau Intemet SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE133 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 8. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The project development objective is to facilitate the expansion of water and wastewater services in the Ningbo metropolitan area and thereby protect public health, improve the environment, and sustain the area's rapid economic growth. The proposed project has two components: Ningbo Water Supply Project will be implemented by the Ningbo Water Supply Company (NWSC); Cixi Wastewater Project will be implemented by the newly formed Cixi Municipal Sewage Company (CMSC). The details of these components are presented in the following table. TABLE 46: SUMMARY TABLE OF PROJECT COMPONENTS Project name Components Contents of the project Remarks Raw water A 500,OOOm3/d capacity water intake tower Water flows by gravity intake and is provided in Jiaokou reservoir. 9.58km Water works to transmission long tunnel connects to Maojiaping water from water works to Ningbo City tunnel treatment works. villages and towns in Zhougongzhai A 500,000m3/d capacity water treatment Yinxi region. and Jioakou Water works is built in Maojiaping. The WTW Reservoir Water treatment occupies a land of 140.3mu (9.35ha) Diversion and works including 20mu reserved for advanced Spur water mains to Urban Water treatment. villages and towns in Supply Ring Yinxi region are Network Project Two transmission mains totalling 36.9km planned under a Trunk mains length outgoing clean water from separate contract. and urban Maojiaping WTW to main water distribution Total supply ring main pipe network. Urban water ring main has a 150,000m3/d. total length of 46.7km. Northern A 100,000m 3/d wastewater treatment plant The eastern WVWTP WWTP is provided in the northern part of Cixi city. will increase to 3 100,000m3/d in 2020, Eastern A 50,000m /d wastewater treatment plant the northern W2TP WWTP is provided in the eastern part of Cixi city. will increase to Cixi City Urban 320,000m3/d in 2020, Wastewater A sewage collection network is provided in and current Treatment Phase part of downtown and every central district Jiaochangshan I Project Sewage of town. It includes the main trunk sewers WVWrP increase to collection (93.13km), the sewage pump stations of 45,OOOm3/d in 2010. network the main trunk (15 sets), the key pipelines This part of work is in towns (133km) and the town sewage not included in this pump stations (42 sets). project. The Environmental Assessment anticipates the impacts from both construction works and operation. The main impacts and the associated mitigation measures are summarized in the following tables. SOGREAH-JCA -135011 7.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE134 JANUARY2005 TABLE 47: SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS T PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS 1 -ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE - Ningbo Water Supply Project accepted Impacts on land use, Ningbo Water Supply Project will involve the acquisition of See Resettlement Action Plan. All the involved persons have already land acquisition and 213mu collectively-owned land including 200mu for proposed compensations. resettlement Maojiaping WTW and 13mu for tunnel access. The land For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures acquisition will affect 30mu orchard and 183mu forest land. follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 Ensure activities are carried out in pre-construction and OP 4.20 period in order to cope with project construction schedule. The project will also temporarily occupy a total of See Resettlement Action Plan. Compensation fees (greater than loss) are already 1,561.32mu land for six months. The land occupation will F planned. A preliminary agreement has been affect 1,005mu of government property land (including For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedure reached between the affected villages and the 955mu green belt) and 556.32mu of collectively-owned land follow Chinese regulabons and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 constructon team. (including 77.32mu forest land, 459 paddy field and 20mu and OP 4.20 land). Any need for temporary land outside project sites fritillary will involve a procedure of approval by EMD prior to land occupation. General impacts from Construction of some facilities will be distributed over Setting up of a strong organization for works Creaton of the Environmental Management PMO and of the construction activities densely built urban area, with high risks of detrimental environmental supervision and monitorng, with staff and Department (EMD) inside project's impacts regarding nuisances and public safety if works do dear operational procedures for rapid and effective Environmental Supervision Unit (ESU) inside the not cope with international standards and good practices. treatment of non-compliance. Construction Supervision Engineer organization. Preparation of detailed environmental specifications for Environmental Field Inspectors provide routine the contractors, to be part of the bidding documentation. monitoring of activity. Contractor environmental obligatons are part of the contract documentation. Payment procedures for environmental acivities of the contractor follow an incentive approach. 3 result from earthwork 195,800m will be used for urban construction in Ningbo Impacts from Large quantities of spoil will 3 and from building demolition. city, 10,000m will be utilized for this project and earthworks and spoil excavation 3 production, handling 3 100,600m will be disposed in specific sites. and disposal About 246,800 m' of excavation spoil is anticipated from project, mainly from the raw water intake and the A detailed construction program, induding phasing, transmission tunnel works. proposal for transport route and description of proposed disposal sites, will be required from the concerned contractors prior to start the works. Spoil from trunk main and urban ring main sites will be reuse for backfill. Dust and sediment discharge to reservoir and rivers may Appropriate management of earthworks in accordance Most of technical measures described in the occur from uncovered and unconsolidated materials during with the contractor environmental specificatons. This will Chinese regulabon 'Temporary regulation on earthworks in dry season. include rules for piling, compacting and spraying spoil construction and environmental management of while waiting evacuation or reuse. Temporary storage of construction sites". Dust may affect resident population in the areas where earth piles will drain into sedimentation basin before trunks are laid down. discharge of run-off to the river. JANUARY2005 SOGREAH-JCA - 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE135 (TABLE 47 CONTINUED) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Transport of material as earth fill, earth spoil, sand and Treated water trunk mains and urban ring main will be gravel to or from site may affect urban areas crossed by the done by segmentation inorder to minimize spoil trucks if appropriate measures are not implemented, production during the construction. resulting in serious impacts on road traffic, public safety, air quality and noise. Washing station for trucks leaving construction sites to limit mud transport incity roads, strict obligations regarding size of trucks, of load, necessary load cover, routes and timing will be imposed to concemed contractor. Impacts on air quality Impacts concem mainly the components located indense Monitorng of construction sites to focus primarily inurban Compliance monitoring to be performed by and noise urban areas. Fumes and exhaust gas from trucks and construction sites. Specificabons regarding operation and Contractors, with random controls of an heavy machinery on construction sites may affect air maintenance of construction equipment and transport of Independent Environmental Monitoring Unit (IEMU). quality, as well as dust from material transport by trucks and materials by truck. earthworks. Noise from heavy machinery, particularly along the treated Enforcement of existing noise standards related to Compliance monitoring to be performed by water trunk mains and the urban ring main construction. machinery and working period. Contractors, with random controls of an Forbidding the use of certain works during nigh-time. Independent Environmental Monitoring Unit (IEMU). Traffic congestion resulting from urban ring main Public information and appropriate construction practices Use of local medias and poster campaigns to inform construction may result intemporary higher levels of and organization, with road signs and coordination with population on work schedule and location will help pollutants (TSP, NOx, CO). traffic Police will minimize impacts and ease traffic durng reducing traffic disruption or congestion. works. Impacts on water Construction wastewater and domestic sewage during Wastewater will be discharged after treatment when the Compliance monitoring to be performed by quality construction will be discharged into the environment and standards are respected. Contractors, with random controls of an may result inimpact on river quality. Wastewater generated durng construction of the water Independent Environmental Monitorng Unit (IEMU). Pollution hazard may also result from heavy operating intake will be recovered and not discharged into the machinery, from storage of potential pollutants, such as reservoir. petrol or engine oils, from concrete production, from drainage of earth stock piles, from inapproprate disposal of Strict contractor environmental specifications regarding used engine oils and locally generated waste (workshops, the handling, storage or disposal of hazardous products labor camps). and of waste produced on the construction sites. The risk applies to all construction sites, but is obviously Compliance monitorng of drainage water quality from more significant inthe water intake site due to the vicnity of sites and enforcement of effluent standards. Management Jiaokou reservoir, and inthe pipelines construction when it measures at work site oriented towards prevention of crosses a rver. pollution or accidental spill. Monitoring of river quality upstream and downstream construction sites. Impacts on wildlife The project developed inrural environment will involve the Risk to be controlled under the monitorng of construction and habitats loss of forest and shrub land. sites. Trees to be felt inthe streets or in green areas to be replaced at the end of construction. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE136 JANUARY2005 (TABLE 47 CONTINUED) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Impacts on public If inappropriately managed, workforce may create relational Awareness training of all workers on environmental EMD/ESU assist intraining workers on health problems with surrounding residents. issues. environmental basics and justificabon of mitigation If inappropriately managed, labor camps may become the Strict obligations imposed to the contractor for the measures. site of epidemic burst out among workers and spread to organization and the management of labor force and Contractor requested to have recruitment medical surrounding population. Particular attention required for new camps. check for each worker, and medical visit once a rsk as SARS. Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. Monitoring year. Availability of medicine incase of epidemic of labor camps and of worker health conditions by the will be requested at workers camps (dormitory or ESU and Department of Public Health. canteens). Impacts on on-site Occupational health and accident issues, resulting in Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. In this plan, Monitoring of construction sites by ESU. public safety serious wounds or death of workers. contractor will dearly define the safety procedures incase of accident on site, ensure that minimum first aid equipment is available on all sites and ensure availability and enforcement to wear PPE (personal protective equipment). Impacts on off-site Risk is higher for components located indensely populated Strict clauses imposed to the contractor for the Monitoring by EFIs. public safety areas. implementation of acceptable standards for the safety of Increased traffic of trucks on some road sections may residents surrounding construction sites: fencing, increase risk of traffic accident. information to concerned residents, access to roads and For network component, increase nsk of traffic accident buildings, procedure if road accident. because the alteration of the road traffic and risk for Detailed specifications on traffic regulation inside and residents if excavation and works inthe streets are not well outside the construction area to be prepared. isolated and protected from public area. Impacts on cultural No impact is anticipated on construction sites. Possible Specific procedures if underground artifacts are identified heritage presence of archaeological or historical artifacts under the durng excavation works in coordination with ESU. future excavations. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2- FINAL PAGE137 JANUARY2005 (TABLE 47 CONTINUED) FIELD | POSSIBLE IMPACTS |-PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS 2 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION STAGE - Ningbo Water Supply Project Impact on the quality Construction of NWSP will improve the water quality and No mitgaton measure required. of life quantity distributed inthe cty to resolve the existing problems on the water supply. Impact on surface The downstream flow after Jiaokou reservoir inZhangxi The analysis shows that, with joint regulation of water river will not be significantly impacted thanks to the Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs, water demand for construction of Zhougongzhai reservoir. Enough available downstream Jiaokou reservoir can be guaranteed. A water could be discharged downstream for all the uses and minimum release flow should be assured (0.9m3 /s, i.e. to satisfy the ecological need (compensation discharge). 10% of average inflow to Jiaokou reservoir). The water quality inZhangxi river will not be impacted by Monitorng of water quality in rivers by an the NWSP project, but pollutions could occur from industnal Independent Environmental Monitoring Unit (IEMU). effluents inthe river. Effluent from Maojiaping WTVW may locally impact the Wastewater will be discharged after treatment when the Compliance monitoring to be performed by Xiaoxi river quality, but pollution level is limited as the standards are respected. operators, with random controls of IEMU. present water quality is Class III wVitha great environmental capacity. Compliance monitoring of effluent quality from WTW and Monitoring of water quality inrivers by IEMU. enforcement of effluent standards. Monitonng of water quality should be performed in downstream river. Generated wastewater after water utilization inNingbo city Monitoring of the planning implementation. will increase. But according to planning, the wastewater treatment capacity will be sufficient. Impact on reservoirs Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs will be used as water Ningbo city has developed Water Environmental Control Protection zone defined inZoughongzhai EA should management drinking sources, therefore the water stored inthe Countermeasures which focuses on drnking water be reinforced and associated water quality reservoirs should be in good quality resources protection. measures should be taken. Monitoring of water quality in reservoirs by IEMU. Impact of noise Noise from heavy machinery inthe WTW will have Enforcement of existing noise standards related to Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by negligible impact because there is no residential area machinery and working period. IEMU. around it. Impact of sludge Sludge from Maojiaping WTW could become a potential Treated dry sludge will be used as backfill and it is not Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by pollution source for surface water and groundwater. allowed to cover vegetation. IEMU. However the impacts are minor because it basically Monitoring of sludge quality should be performed. contains no harmful substances. Impact on Tashan Reduction of incoming water from upper reaches should not No mibgabon measure required. weir basically cause impact on Tashan Weir. SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE138 JANUARY2005 TABLE 48: SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS 1 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE - Cixi Wastewater Project accepted Impacts on land use, Cixi Wastewater Project will involve the acquisition of See Resettlement Action Plan. All the involved persons have already land acquisition and 217.75mu, with occupied land of Eastern WvVTP 63.75mu, proposed compensations northern WVVTP 100.5mu and pump stations 53.5mu. For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures resettlement follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 Ensure activities are carried out in pre-construction and OP 4.20 period in order to cope with project construction schedule. The project will also temporarly occupy 4,045.3mu, all for See Resettlement Action Plan. Compensation fees (greater than loss) are already the construction of sewage pipeline network. planned. A preliminary agreement has been For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures reached between the affected villages and the follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 ruction teag n and OP 4.20 cntuto em Any need for temporary land outside project sites will involve a procedure of approval by EMD prior to land occupation. General impacts from Construction of facilities will be distnbuted all over a densely Setting up of a strong organization for works Creation of the Environmental Management construction activities built urban area, with high risks of detrmental impacts environmental supervision and monitorng, with staff and Department inside projects PMO and of the regarding nuisances and public safety if works do not cope dear operational procedures for rapid and effective Environmental Supervision Unit inside the with international standards and good practices. treatment of non-compliance. Construction Supervision Engineer organization Preparation of detailed environmental specifications for Environmental Field Inspectors provide routine the contractors, to be part of the bidding documentation, monitoring of activity. Contractor environmental obligations are part of the contract documentabon. Payment procedures for environmental activities of the contractor follow an incentive approach. Impacts from Large quantities of spoil will result from earthwork Spoil from sewage pipeline system will be reuse for earthworks and spoil excavation. backfill as much as possible, and then only 70,000m3 will production, handling 3 be disposed in a landfill. and disposal About 399,000 m of excavation spoil is anticipated from project, mainly from the sewage pipeline system. Adetailed construction program, including phasing, proposal for transport route and descripton of proposed disposal sites, will be required from the concerned contractors prior to start the works. Dust and sediment discharge to canals and rivers may Appropriate management of earthworks inaccordance Most of technical measures described inthe occur from uncovered and unconsolidated materials during with the contractor environmental specificabons. This will Chinese regulation 'Temporary regulation on earthworks in dry season. include rules for piling, compacting and spraying spoil construction and environmental management of while waiting evacuabon or reuse. Temporary storage of construction sites'. Dust may affect resident population in the areas where earth piles will drain into sedimentation basin before trunks are laid down. discharge of run-off to the rver. JANUARY2005 SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117,R3.2-FINAL PAGE139 (TABLE 48 CONTINUED) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Transport of material as earth fill, earth spoil, sand and Sewage pipelines will be done by segmentation inorder gravel to or from site may affect urban areas crossed by the to minimize spoil producton durng the construction. trucks if appropriate measures not implemented, resulting in serious impacts on road traffic, public safety, air quality and Washing station for trucks leaving construction sites to noise. limit mud transport incity roads, strict obligations regarding size of trucks, of load, necessary load cover, routes and timing will be imposed to concerned contractor. Impacts on air quality Impacts concern mainly the components located indense Monitoring of constructon sites to focus prmarily in urban Compliance monitoring to be performed by and noise urban areas. Fumes and exhaust gas from trucks and construction sites. Specificabons regarding operation and Contractors, with random controls of an heavy machinery on construction sites may affect air maintenance of construction equipment and transport of Independent Environmental Monitoring Unit (IEMU). quality, as well as dust from material transport by trucks and materials by truck. earthworks. Noise from heavy machinery, particularly along the sewage Enforcement of existing noise standards related to Compliance monitoring to be performed by pipelines and pump stations construction. machinery and working period. Contractors, with random controls of IEMU. Forbidding the use of certain works during nigh-time. Temporary fence should be used around construction sites. Traffic congestion resulting from sewage pipelines and Public informabon and appropriate construction practices Use of local medias and poster campaigns to inform pump stabons construction may result intemporary higher and organization, with road signs and coordination with population on work schedule and location will help levels of pollutants (TSP, NOx, CO). traffic Police will minimize impacts and ease traffic durng reducing traffic disruption or congestion. works. Impacts on water Construction wastewater will be reuse as much as possible Strict contractor environmental specifications regarding Compliance monitoring to be performed by quality on site. And then residual construction wastewater and the handling, storage or disposal of hazardous products Contractors, with random controls of IEMU. domestc sewage during constructon will be discharged into and of waste produced on the construction sites. the environment but in few quantity. Compliance monitoring of drainage water quality from Pollution hazard may also result from heavy operating sites and enforcement of effluent standards. Management machinery, from storage of potential pollutants as petrol or measures at work site oriented towards prevention of engine oils, from concrete production, from drainage of pollution or accidental spill. earth stock piles, from inappropriate disposal of used engine oils and locally generated waste (workshops, labor Monitoring of rver quality upstream and downstream camps). construction sites. The risk applies to all constructon sites, but is more significant inthe pipelines construction when it crossover a river. Impacts on Temporarily occupied land will represent 1,262,900m2 for Risk to be controlled under the monitoring of construction agriculture the sewage pipelines construction. The productivity should sites. be recovered to previous level and the loss to agriculture is considered relatively minimal. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE140 JANUARY2005 (TABLE 48 CONTINUED) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS Impacts on public If inappropriately managed, workforce may create relational Awareness training of all workers on environmental EMD/ESU assist intraining workers on health problems with surrounding residents. issues. environmental basics and justification of mitigation If inappropriately managed, labor camps may become the Strict obligations imposed to the contractor for the measures. site of epidemic burst out among workers and spread to organization and the management of labor force and Contractor requested to have recruitment medical surrounding population. Particular attention required for new camps. check for each worker, and medical visit once a risk as SARS. Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. Monitoring year. Availability of medicine incase of epidemic of labor camps and of worker health conditions by the will be requested at workers camps (dormitory or ESU and Department of Public Health. canteens). Impacts on on-site Occupational health and accident issues, resulting in Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. In this plan, Monitoring of construction sites by ESU. public safety serious wounds or death of workers. contractor will dearly define the safety procedures incase of acddent on site, ensure that minimum first aid equipment isavailable on all sites and ensure availability and enforcement to wear PPE (personal protective equipment). Trench shonng collapse leading to damage to adjoining Correctly designed and tested temporary works structures property and endangerng life of workforce. and operational procedures. On site checks on frequent basis. Access to deep open trenches with danger to public safety Open trenches to be kept to minimum and severely fenced, especially after working hours. Security guard employed to monitor safety issues. Impacts on off-site Risk is higher for components located indensely populated Strict clauses imposed to the contractor for the Monitoring by EFIs. public safety areas. implementation of acceptable standards for the safety of Increased traffic of trucks on some road sections may residents surrounding construction sites: fencing, increase risk of traffic accident. information to concemed residents, access to roads and For network component, increase risk of traffic accident buildings, procedure if road accident. because the alteration of the road traffic and risk for Detailed specifications on traffic regulation inside and residents if excavation and works inthe streets are not well outside the construction area to be prepared. isolated and protected from public area. Impacts on cultural No impact is anticipated on construction sites. Possible Specific procedures if underground artifacts are identified heritage presence of archaeological or historcal artifacts under the during excavation works in coordination with ESU. future excavations. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE141 JANUARY2005 (TABLE 48 CONTINUED) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES COMMENTS 2 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION STAGE - Cixi Wastewater Project Impact on the quality Construction of CWP will improve the rivers water quality in No mitgaton measure required. of life the city. Impact on water The WVvTP effluents after treatment should meet the Compliance monitoring of effluents should be performed Random controls of effluent quality should be quality Standard A of first level of WVvTP effluent standard, then be by operators. performed by an Independent Environmental discharged into the canal network causing local decreasing Monitoring Unit (IEMU). of water quality.of water quality. Monitoring of water quality in canals network by [EMU. Further modeling should be performed when the canals network situation will be beHter known. Impact on air quality Odorous pollutants will be produced inWvVTP by the Regular monitoring to be carried out by WvWTP Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by and odors biological treatment tank and sludge tank. The air companies. IEMU. concentrations modelized at plant boundaries and sensitive The protective sanitary distance (500m for northern points meet the standard requirement. WVvTP and 300m for eastem WWTP) should be respected. Impact of noise Main noise sources are sewage lift pumps, air compressors Enforcement of existing noise standards related to Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by and sewage pumps with noise level 85-92dB(A). The two machinery and working period. IEMU. WVTP will not have substantial impacts on the surrounding acoustic environment. With the noise insulation effect of pump station building, noise level at pumping station boundary can satisfy the corresponding noise standard, particularly intown area (west 1#, central 1#, central 2#and east 1#pump stations). Impact of sludge The sludge amount is 67,200m3/year and will be disposed Inthe long term, with the increasing quantity of in landfill specially designed (with leachate treatment). sludge and the decreasing capaaty volume of landfill, the dty's sludge should be stored in a centralized way to fadlitate further harmless treatment. Impact on wetlands The treated effluents will be discharged into the canals Random controls of effluent quality should be network then into the sea through sea gates. The sea gates performed by IEMU. are quite far from important protected wetland. Monitorng of water quality inmarine environment S3GREAHby IEMU. SOGREAH-JCA - 1350117.R33.2 - FINAL PAGE142 JANuARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX 1 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARD SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 -FINAL JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS 1.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) is presenting in the following table. The Class II standard applies to residential, business and educational areas. ENVIRONMENTAL AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (UNIT: MGIh3) CONCENTRATION UMITS POLLUTANTS I HOURLY DAILY YEARLY AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE SO2 0.50 0.15 0.06 NOx 0.15 0.10 0.05 TSP - 0.30 0.20 PM,0 - 0.15 0.10 NO2 0.12 0.08 0.04 CO 10 4 - . 03 0.16 - 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR NOISE Environmental Noise Standards (GB3096-1993) is presenting in the following table. NOISE STANDARDS OF URBAN AREA (UNIT:LEQIDB(A)]) CLASS APPLICATION DAY NIGHT Nursing home, villas, 0 hotels and places needed 50 45 special quiet I ~~~Residence, 54 education/office districts 11 Mixed area with residence 60 50 and industry 111 Industry 65 55 IV Traffic lines (road, railways, 70 55 SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE1 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURFACE WATER Surface Water Quality Standards (GB3838-2002) are presented in the following table. - Class I standard applies to water source, national conservation district - Class 11standard applies to water resources area (class A conservation district), extinct animal habitat area and fishpond position. - Class III standard applies to water resources area (class B conservation district), area where fish live during winter, marine breeding area, swimming area. - Class IV standard applies to industrial area and non-recreational area. - Class V standard applies to agriculture and landscape water usage. QUALITY STANDARD FOR SURFACE WATER (UNIT: MGIL,EXCEPT PH) POLLUTANTS CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III CLASS IV CLASS V pH 6to9 6to9 6to9 6to9 6to9 DO> 7.5 6 5 3 2 DO ,______(or 90% sat) CODMfl 2 4 6 10 15 CODC,rS 15 15 20 30 40 BOD5S 3 3 4 6 10 N-NH3•s 0.015 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Total phosphorus (P) s 0.02 (0.01)* 0.1 (0.025)- 0.2 (0.05)* 0.3 (0.1) 0.4 (0.2)* Total Nitrogen (N) s 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Copper(Cu)s 0.01 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Zinc (Zn) s 0.05 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 Fluoride (F)s 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 Selenium (Se) s 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Arsenic (As) s 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 Mercury (Hg) s 0.00005 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 0.001 Cadmium (Cd) s 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.01 Chromium (Cr") s 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 Total lead (Pb) s 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 Total cyanide (CN) s 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 Volatile phenol s 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 Oil S 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 Anionic detergent•s 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Sulphide•s 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 Coli forms (number/L) s 200 2000 10,000 20,000 40,000 *Value within bracket for lakes and reservoirs SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE2 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 1.4. DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Drinking Water Quality Standards (CJ3020-1993) is presented in the following table. Class II standard applies to water that need a normal treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, disinfection) to meet the GB5749 standard and be provided as drinkable water. QUALITY STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER (UNIT: UGIL) PARAMETERS LIMITS FOR CLASS 11 Colour no obvious colour Smell and taste No obvious smell and taste pH value 6.5 to 8.5 Total hardness (by CaCO3) <=450 Dissolved FeX <=0.5 Mn <=0.1 Cu <=1.0 Zn <=1.0 Volatile hydroxybenzene (by phenol) <=0.004 Anion synthetic detergent <=0.3 Sulfate <250 Chloride <250 DTS <1000 Fluoride <=1.0 CN <=0.05 As <=0.05 Se <=0.01 Hg <=0.001 Cd <=0.01 Cr+6 <=0.05 Pb <=0.07 Ag <=0.05 Beryllium <=0.0002 N-NH3 <=1.0 Nitrate (by Nitrogen) <=20 COD (KMnO4) <=6 Benzene (pg/L) <=0.01 DDT (pg/L) <=1 BHC (pg/L) <=5 BaiJunqing <=0.01 Total coli form group (no./L) <=10000 Total a radioactivity (Bq/L) <=0.1 Total 3 radioactivity (Bq/L) <=1 SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE3 JANuARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 1.5. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GROUNDWATER Groundwater Quality Standards (GB/T14848-1993) is presented in following table. - Class I standard reflects to low background concentration of groundwater. - Class II standard reflects to normal background concentration of groundwater. - Class III standard, based on requirement for people's health, mainly for domestic drinking water, industrial and agricultural resources. - Class IV standard is based on the requirement for agriculture and industry. - Class V standard applies to not drinkable water. QUALITY STANDARDS FOR GROUNDWATER (UNIT: MGIL,EXCEPT PH) PARAMETER CLASS I CLASS Il CLASS III CLASS IV CLASS V Color <=5 <=5 <=15 <=25 >25 Smell and taste No no no No yes Turbidity <=3 <=3 <=3 <=10 >10 Material can be seen b N eyes ______no ______Nono no yes 5.5 to 6.5 <5.5,>9 pH 6.5 to 8.5 8.5 to 9 Total hardness(byCaCO3) <=150 <=300 <=450 -=550 >550 TDS <=300 <=500 <=1000 <=2000 >2000 Sulfate <=50 <=150 <=250 -=350 >350 Chloride <=50 <=150 <=250 <=350 >350 Fe <=0.1 <=0.2 <=0.3 <=1.5 >1.5 Mn <=0.05 <=0.05 <=0.1 <=1.0 >1.0 Cu <=0.01 <=0.05 <=1.0 <=1.5 >1.5 Zn <=0.05 <=0.5 <=1.0 <=5.0 >5.0 Mo <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.1 <=0.5 >0.5 Co <=0.005 <=0.05 <-0.05 -=1.0 >1.0 Volable hydroxybenzene <=0.001 <=0.001 <=0.002 -=0.01 >0.01 (by phenol) ______Anion synthetic detergent Can not e <=0.1 <=0.3 <=0.3 >0.3 ______inspected ______Permanganate index <=1.0 <=2.0 <=3.0 <=10 >10 Nitrate (by N) <=2.0 <=5.0 <=20 <=30 >30 nitrite (by N) <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.02 <=0.1 >0.1 N-NH3 <=0.02 <=0.02 <=0.2 <=0.5 >0.5 Fluoride <-1.0 <=1.0 <=1.0 <=2.0 >2.0 Iodide <=0.1 <=0.1 <=0.2 <=1.0 >1.0 Cyanide <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1 Hg <=0.00005 <=0.0005 <=0.001 <=0.001 >0.001 As <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.05 >0.05 Se <=0.01 <=0.01 <=0.01 <=0.1 >0.1 Cd <=0.0001 <=0.001 <=0.01 <=0.01 >0.01 Cr+6 <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1 Pb <=0.005 <=0.01 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1 Be <=0.00002 <=0.0001 <=0.0002 <=0.001 >0.001 Ba <=0.01 <=0.1 <=1.0 <=4.0 >4.0 Ni <0.005 <=0.05 <=0.05 <=0.1 >0.1 DDT(pg/L) No inspected <=0.005 <=1.0 <=1.0 >1.0 BHC(pg/L) <=0.005 <=0.05 <=5.0 <=5.0 >5.0 Total coliform grou <=3.0 <=3.0 <=3.0 <=100 >100 ______(number/L)______of bacteri <=100 <=100 <=100 <=1000 >1000 Total number _ _ (num ber/L) ______Total a radioactivity (Bq/L) <=0.1 <=0.1 <=0.1 >0.1 >0.1 Total ,3radioactivity (Bq/L) <=0.1 <=1.0 <=1.0 >1.0 >1.0 2005 SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE4 JANUARY NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 1.6. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SEAWATER Sea water Quality Standards (GB3097-1997) is presented in following table. - Class I standard applies to fishing area, conservation area and extinct species protection area. - Class II standard applies to breeding area for aquatic products, marine bathing place, spotting and entertainment area, water intake area for food industry. - Class IlIl standard applies to normal industrial area and coastal scenery. - Class IV standard applies to marine port area and construction area for marine developpement. QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SEAWATER (UNIT:MGIL) PARAMETER CLASS I CLASS 11 CLASS III CLASS IV Color, odour, taste No strange No unpleasant Suspended substances <= 10 <= 10 <= 100 <= 150 Coliform (number/I) 10000 _ DO 6 5 4 3 COD 2 3 5 BOD5 1 3 4 5 Inorganic nitrogen 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Ammonia 0,002 Phosphorus 0.015 0.030 0.030 0.045 Hg 0.00005 0.0002 0.0005 Cd 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.01 Pb 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 Cr6+ 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 Total Cr 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 As 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 Cu 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.05 Zn 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.5 Se 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 Ni 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 CN 0.005 0.005 0.1 0.2 S 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 Volatile hydroxybenzene 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.05 Petroleum 0.05 0.05 0.3 0.5 Hexachlorobenzene 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 DDT 0.00005 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 P-pesticide 0.0005 0.001 0.001 0.001 Methyl-p-pesticide 0.0005 0.001 0.001 0.001 Benzo(a)pyrene 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 1.7. ToXIcITY (LEACHING) TEST National Standard GB5085.3-1996 Hazardous Items Identification date of characters hazardous waste Corrosivity pH of lixivium -212.5 ors2.0 SOGREAH-JCA -1350117,R3.2 - FINAL PAGE5 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 1:1 lixivium compound the filling quantity of little Original sieving of Half death rate of little white mice (or big) which were filed white mice is no more mouth than 0.4mL20g acute toxicity with lixivium through avoirdupois, while that of big is 1.0mLJ100g avoirdupois Organic mercury None Mercury and its compounds (in total Hg) 0.05 Lead (in total Pb) 3 Cadmium (in total Cd) 0.3 Total chromium 10 CP+ 1.5 Concentration of Copper and its compounds (in total Cu) 50 Lixiviating toxicity elements in Zinc and its compounds (in total Zn) 50 lixivium Beryllium and its compounds (in total Be) 0.1 Barium and its compounds (in total Ba) 100 Nickel and its compounds (in total Ni) 10 Arsenic and its compounds (in total As) 1.5 Inorganic fluoride (except calcium 50 fluoride) Cyanide (in CN) 1.0 JANUARY2005 SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE6 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 2. EMISSION STANDARDS 2.1. EXHAUST GAS Exhaust gas adopts Comprehensive Emission Standards of Air Pollutant (GB1 6297-1996) LIMITED VALUES OF AIR POLLUTANT FROM NEW SOURCE (UNIT; IGIM3) Pollutant Maximum acceptable emission Controlling value to in-organized concentration emission SO2 - Beyond boundary; 0.40 TSP 120 (others) Beyond boundary; 1.0 NO, 240 (others) Beyond boundary; 0.12 Cl2 65 Beyond boundary; 0.40 F 9.0 (others) Beyond boundary; 20(pg/m3) 2.2. NOISE Construction noise adopts Limiting Values in Construction Area (GB12523 90) standards. NOISE LIMITING VALUES INCONSTRUCTION AREA UNIT: LEQ(DB(A)) LIMITING VALUES CONSTRUCTION PERIOD MAIN NOISE SOURCES DAY NIGHT Cubic meter of earth and Bulldozer, grab, loading truck 75 55 stone Piling Various pile driver 85 Ban Construction ~Concrete mixer, vibrating tamper,705 Construction electrical saw, etc. 70 55 Fitting Crane, elevator, etc 65 55 SOGREAH-JCA- 13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE7 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 2.3. WASTEWATER Integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). - Class I standard applies to wastewater discharged into Class IlIl (GB3838) district and Class II (GB3097) district. - Class II standard applies to wastewater discharged into Class IV and V (GB3838) district and Class IlIl (GB3097) district. - Class IlIl standard applies to wastewater discharged into towns and cities which own biological treatment plants. EMISSION STANDARDS OF WASTEWATER (UNITmGIL EXCEPT PH) POLLUTANT CLASSI CLASS 11 CLASS III pH 6to9 6to9 6to9 SS 70 200 400 CODCr 100 150 500 BOD5 20 30 300 Oil 5 10 20 P 0.1 0.3 0.3 - N-NH3 15 25 Volatile hydroxybenzene 0.5 0.5 2.0 Sulfide 0.5 0.5 1.0 Fluoride 10 10 20 Total Cu 0.5 1.0 2.0 Total Zn 2.0 5.0 5.0 Total Mn 2.0 2.0 5.0 Total CN 0.5 0.5 2.0 SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE8 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 2.4. EFFLUENT FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002). - Class IA standard is the basic requirement for municipal WWTP which discharge water into small rivers or lakes. - Class IB standard applies to effluent discharged into Class II (GB3838) district and Class II (GB3097) district and into closed lakes and pools. - Class II standard applies to effluent discharged into Class IV and V (GB3838) district and Class IlIl and IV (GB3097) district. - Class IlIl standard applies to VVWTP which is not in important areas of water resource. EMISSION STANDARDS OF EFFLUENT (UNITMGIL EXCEPTPH) POLLUTANT CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III TYPE A TYPE B pH 6to9 6to9 6to9 6to9 SS 10 20 30 50 CODcr 50 60 100 120 BOD5 10 20 30 60 Oil 1 3 5 15 Anionic surfactant 0.5 1 2 5 Total Nitrogen 15 20 - Ammonia Nitrogen 5 8 25 Total Phosphate (constructed 1 1.5 3 5 before 31/12/05) Total Phosphate (constructed 0.5 1 3 5 after 01/01/06) Color index (dilution ratio) 30 30 40 50 Total coliform bacteria (unit/I) 1_03___ 104l0 104 _ _ _ 000 SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117. R3.2-FINAL PAGE9 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX 2 NINGBO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Green belt along Century Road One side of Century Road with two water supply Roadside of Century Road before Changhong pipes (DN500 and DN1200) Tunnel =s,,,., ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~wr,__ ~~*.- Changhong Tunnel Green Belt on 329 National Road SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE1 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Houses near 329 National Road Crossroad betwween 329 National Road and Northern Outer Circle Road Green Belt in Northern Outer Circle Road (one side is Pipeline will pass through HangYong Railway completed; the other side will be finished in Sept.) Second Road in Yintown (construction will be finished soon) SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE2 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT -A~~ _ -_ - . . . . . _ t# vio''' Crossroad between extending Lianfeng Road and Lianfeng Road with electrical wire poles Airport Road wLDH~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I Extending Liaofeng Road Houses in Extending Lianfeng Road Construction of the First Bidding Section in Extending Lianfeng Road SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2- FINAL PAGE3 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT -. 1 I-Us , ,, , a-..i, W. -.,. ,L, v Extending Lianfeng Road (in Jishigang Section) Power cables near Airport Road. with high-voltage power cables nearby. ,~~~ a _ ~ ~~ -L;..*. ,I T- _ 7~~~~~~~~~ Crossroad between Airport Road and Northern Outer Water Supply Pipes near Airport Road Circle Road Green belt along Airport Road. Rain water pipes, sewage pipes and electrical cables in green belt along Airport Road. SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2- FINAL PAGE4 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Water supply pipe along Airport Road High-voltage electricity pylon in green belt along Airport Road Crossroad between Airport Road and Yin town Road Houses near Yin town Road Extended Yin Town Road SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2- FINAL PAGE5 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT - ) -..-. 1 ---- I~~~ - Power cables along Extended Yin Town Road Houses near Extended Yin Town Road . , i 1. Crossroad in Heng Road Roadside along Yinjiang town Road to Maojiaping WTW site South of the Maojiaping WTW site SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE6 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT West of Maojiaping WTW site North of Maojiaping WTW site ' -; ^'*".-, Village south of Maojiaping WTW site Jiaokou reservoir I~~~~VA Dam of Jiaokou Reservoir Construction of Zhougongzhai Reservoir SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE7 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT I r | | X ,: X- I. Zhangxi River downstream of Jiaokou reservoir Tashan Weir jK'~~~~~~~~~t Tashan Weir Vegetation in Jianao * Is - Vegetation in Daao Vegetation in Wangjiaao SOGREAH-JCA - 13501 17. R3.2 - FINAL PAGE8 JANUARY20005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX 3 CIXI WASTEWATER PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION SOGREAH-JCA - 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ No. 8 Zhijiang River West End of Jiutangheng river No. 5 Zhijiang River No.6 Zhijiang River Bridge 0- Bridge under construction near Donger reservoir Sites near Donger reservoir JANuARY 2005 SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Donger Reservoir Dongyi Reservoir Zhangqi Road Sanbei Middle School in Sanbei Town Penglai Middle Street in Sanbei Town Reclaimed District north of Shengli Gate SOGREAH-JCA-13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE2 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT _ _ I -,. __ _ ~ er- ., _r- _____ WWTP in Hangzhou New Bay Electricity Generation Plant in Hangzhou New Bay *~~~~~~ :?~ ------_--_--_,_-_____,__ Municipal landfill site (domestic) Sludge landfill cell Xisan landfill Xisan landfill -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~._ ...... r Garbage on Infiltrated Water Covered Landfill Cell Xisan landfill Xisan landfill SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE3 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Green plants grow in the covered landfill cell Drainage sites in infiltration water storage pool Xisan landfill Xisan landfill -~~~~~~ ...... Infiltration water storage pool Constructing infiltration water treatment tank Xisan landfill Xisan landfill LIL Dewatered sludge on conveyor belt Dewatered sludge into vehicles Jiaochangshan WWTP Jiaochangshan WWTP SOGREAH-JCA -1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE4 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Shitangheng sea gate in Luzhong Bay Heping gate in Danshuihong _ . I~ L- - Drainage sea gate Wetland in Danshuihong Wetland in the Sourth of Heping Gate of Wetland in the North of Batangheng and Danshuihong Danshuihong JANUARY2005 SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE5 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 1 FRK2. .. _il'' - :- Residences directly discharge wastewater into canal Urban river with dumped garbage 71 - } -- e t [ - Guyaopu Bridge Canal water turns into green color after pollution. Existing wastewater discharge point Existing wastewater discharge point SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE6 JANuARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX 4 ACTIVITIES FOR EMP SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE A - DETAILS FOR ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILITYI SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES I COMMENTS EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING| PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Year -1 Creation of the 2 EMD with POIU PMO PMO Appointment of personnel with appointment of their staffs office and transport facilities, equipment, operating budget Year -1 Prepare and implement a training Technical PMO PMO Part of the global training program for EMD Assistance component for the project (TA) Year -1 Prepare specifications for Technical POlUs/ PMO Specifications to be included in Contractor Environmental Assistance PMO/WB the bidding documents Obligations (TA) & EMD Year -1 Finalize the mode of payment for POIU with NMG PMO Decide on payment procedures, environmental services provided TA and level of incentive (Bonus) by the contractors Year -1 Prepare Work Program for EMD Technical POlUs/ PMO Includes distribution of roles and and ESU Assistance PMO responsibilities among EMD and (TA) & ESU staffs, EMD Year -1 Prepare working documentation: Technical POlUs/ PMO Initial format documentation to Standard Site Inspection Review Assistance PMO be eventually adjusted and Sheet (SRS) and format for (TA) & improved during use on sites various activity reports EMD Year-1 Prepare QA/QC for EMD/ESU Technical POlUs/ PMO and detailed procedures for Assistance PMO supervision and reporting of non- (TA) compliances detected Year -1 Contribute to tender evaluation EMD PMO/WB PMO for the environmental aspects & assisted by contract negotiation TA. Year -1 Construction Supervision Eng. CSE PMO CSE Approval of CV by EMD (CSE) to appoint CSEA Year -1 CSEA to select and appoint 2 CSEA CSE CSE EFls Year -1 CSEA to carry out training of CSEA CSE CSE EFIs Year -1 EMD to prepare contract for EMD POIU PMO EMD to ensure procedures are impact monitoring by the applied and land is freed in Independent Impact Monitoring accordance with work plan Unit SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE1 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT (TABLE A CONTINUED) RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Year l ESU staff to discuss with EMD for EMD/ESU POlUs/ - Required adjustment of (months adjustmentVimprovement of PMO procedures for improved 0-3) documentation and procedures efficiency Year 1 Each Civil Work Contractor to Contractor POlUs/ Contractor CVs to be approved by POIU (months appoint one Environmental PMO 0-3) responsible for dealing with ESU and EMD Year 1 Each Civil Work Contractor to Contractor EMD/ESU Contractor Meetings to introduce environ. organize environmental Management & issues on sites awareness meetings and by EMD staff and CSEA. measures for labour force Year 1 Prepare Public Communication EMD POIU PMO Establish communication rules & Campaign and supporting assisted by procedures,, radio / TV spots material TA. Preparation of posters and stickers for on-site and off-site safety rules Formalize co-ordination with EMD POIU PMO Co-ordination for all EMP other Provincial or Municipal activities Agencies and Institutions OPERATION PERIOD Define procedures for reporting Operators EPB Operators environmental issues during of WWTP operation and WTW Ensure 100% sludge produced is Operators EPB Operators WB will require guarantees on transported to Sludge Treatment of WWTP this issue Centre (STC) or WTW SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.2-FINAL PAGE2 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE B - DETAILS FOR MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS EXECUTION |SUPERVISION FUNDING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Year 1 Prepare Construction Site Contractor ESU and Contractor Plan submitted not later than I (months Environmental Management EMD month after contract notification 1-2) Program (CSEMP) Final plan before end month 2 Review by CSEA, final approval by EMD Construct. Review for approval, boundaries CSEA CSE Contractor required to submit period proposed by Contractor for each map prior to implementation site Year 1 Prepare a Nuisance Control Plan Contractor ESU and Contractor Review by CSEA, final approval (months (NCP) for air pollution, noise EMD by EMD after consultation with 1-3) other concerned Agencies and groups of residents Construct. Air and Water monitoring (refer to specific section 4.2 and 4.3 of EMP report) period Construct. Ensure activities of Contractor EFis CSEA - Daily to weekly site visits by EFIs period comply with specifications and Monthly visit of all sites by CSEA provisions of NCP and CSEMP. Review every weeks status of camps and facilities, of prior requests made to contractor, of implementation of mitigation measures Construct. Fill Standard Review Sheet for EFIs and CSE Advisory role of CSE, for period monthly evaluation of Contractor CSEA eventual decision of EMD/PMO Environmental compliance on payment issue. Construct. Report non-compliance observed EFIs CSEA / Level I: CSEA period in accordance with procedures EMD / Level II: CSEA and EMD and level of seriousness (3 POIU/ Level III: CSEA, EMD, POIU and levels) PMO PMO Construct. Decision to retain or not EMD POIUI/ period Contractor payment concerned PMO SOGREAH-JCA -135011 7.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE3 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT (TABLE B CONTINUED) RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING Construct. Check that expropriation and land EFI EMD/POIU Role of EFIs limited to follow period acquisition progress satisfies and effective land availability. construction schedule resettlement EMD/POIU to coordinate with bureau Ningbo Resettlement Bureau Construct. Provide information on road Contractor ESU & Contractor Contractor to submit updated period traffic issues resulting from EMD construction program to ESU & pipelines construction program EMD for review with Traffic Dept Final approval by EMD Construct. Implementation of necessary Contractor ESU & Contractor period road signs to secure traffic near Traffic Dept construction sites Construct. Information on temporary cut-off Contractor EMD and Contractor Contractor to submit updated period of services (water, gas). Stick concerned plan to EMD for review with posters in area of concern at Agencies Agencies least 3 days in advance Construct. Weekly and monthly reporting EFI To CSEA - Weekly routine reporting of site period visits; monthly filling of SRS Construct. Bi-monthly and monthly reporting CSEA To CSE & - Routine information and non- period EMD compliance detected Construct. Monthly & Quarterly reporting EMD To POIU - Reporting to stick to project period and PMO organization requirement Construct. Monthly & Quarterly reporting POIU To NMG - Reporting to stick to project period and WB organization requirement Construct. Monthly Environmental Review of EMD Meetings at component level period Project components with PMO Chief Eng., EMD, ESU, Contractor; other agencies invited as appropriate End of Rehabilitation of temporary used Contractor ESU Contractor Construct. areas, evacuation of all period construction material and equipment End of Replanting of road trees-cut for Contractor Ningbo and Contractor Minimum requirement will be 1 Construct. sewer construction necessity Cixi Munic. tree planted for 1 tree cut. period Parks & Specifications to be provided by Gardens Ningbo and Cixi Municipal Parks Bureau & Gardens Bureau OPERATION PERIOD Follow up of temporary sites EMD POIU Reporting of non-compliance to rehabilitation the first year after PMO for suspension of payment completion of construction Replicate experience gained from EMD, Formalize procedures and the project to other similar EPB organization; participate to inter projects in the Zeijhiang region agency workshops for results and benefits presentation SOGREAH-JCA -135011 7.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE4 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE C- DETAILS FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS EXECUTION ISUPERVISION FUNDING PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Year -1 Prepare Contractor specifications EMD POIU with PMO Defines number of sites, for water quality compliance assisted by advice from location, parameters to analyse, monitoring, to be included in the TA. EPB frequency of sampling, bidding documentation procedures for sampling, identification of certified laboratory designated for analysis, reporting procedures of results. Year -1 Identify exact location for stations EMD in POIU/ on the river to be used for coord. with SEPA construction stage and long term IEMU and monitoring of the WWTP EPB discharges CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Construct. Carry out monthly random IEMU EMD PMO Results to be reported to EMD Period sampling to control accuracy of for further action if required contractors monitoring Construct. Prepare formal notice to EMD PMO Follow up for effective Period Contractor if results do not implementation of corrective comply with standards action by Contractor, if required Construct. Carry out real time monitoring of IEMU GPG POIU Results to be reported to EMD Period receiving water body in stations for further action if required located U/S and D/S of each construction sites Construct. Monthly report of water quality EMD PMO Report with conclusions to be period results submitted to PMO with copy to EPB Construct. Quarterly report and Annual EMD PMO Report with conclusions to be period Summary on water quality submitted to PMO, NMG and monitoring WB OPERATION PERIOD Routine monitoring of treated WVVTP and EPB WWNTP and Routine compliance monitoring, effluent and sludge WTW WTW with random control by EPB Managt. budget Companies Routine monitoring of water EPB NMG Operational bodies quality and control of budget of sludge quality EPB SOGREAH-JCA -13501 17.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE5 JANuARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE D -DETAILS FOR AIR QUALrTY AND NOISE MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS EXECUTION SUPERVISION FUNDING PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Year -1 Prepare Contractor specifications EMD POIU with PMO Integrate key parameters from for air emissions and noise assisted by advice from standards into bidding compliance TA. SEPA documentation Year -1 Define site locations for TSP EMD with POIU with monitoring measurement in and IEMU advice from around construction sites SEPA CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Construct. Carry out random measurement IEMU EMD PMO Results to be reported to EMD period to control accuracy of contractor's for further action if required monitoring Construct. Prepare formal notice to EMD POIU Follow up for effective period Contractor if results do not implementation of corrective _ comply with standards action by Contractor, if required Construct. Open telephone line to collect EMD POIU/NMG POIU Request control measurement period claims of residents regarding by IEMU if several claims from noise, dust or fumes same site Construct. Quarterly report of noise and air EMD POIU Report with conclusions to be period pollution monitoring results submitted to POIU and copy to I I I I PMO Construct. Quarterly report and Annual EMD POIU/PMO Report with conclusions to be period Summary of noise and air submitted to PMO, NMG and pollution monitoring WB OPERATION PERIOD Routine monitoring of noise and WWP and EMD WWP and Routine compliance monitoring, odours from WWP, WWTP and WWTP WWTP with random control by EPB pumping stations Managt. operation Companies budget Control monitoring of noise and EPB NMG Operational Ensure compliance of facilities odours from WWP, WWTP and budget of with standards pumping stations EPB SOGREAHJCA- 1350117.R3.2 - FINAL PAGE6 JANUARY2005 NINGBO MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE E- DETAILS FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE MONITORING RESPONSIBILITY SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES COMMENTS EXECUTION ISUPERVISION FUNDING PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Year-1 Start immediately to monitor vWvTP POIU with WVVTP All available existing data should sewage sludge in existing plant Managt. advice from Managt. be compiled (Jiaochangshan WVWTP) Company EPB- Company Year -1 Develop Sludge Management WvTP POIU with WWTP Develop TOR. Plan on the basis of improved Managt. advice from Managt. measurements Company SEPA Company CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Construct. Continue Sampling WWTP EMD Contractor Quarterly report submitted to period Managt. EMD Company OPERATION PERIOD Routine monitoring of sludge WVVTP IEMU TV\NTP Routine compliance monitoring, adapted on the basis of the Managt. budget with random control by IEMU disposal method adopted Company SOGREAH-JCA-1350117.R3.2 -FINAL PAGE7 JANUARY2005 . H F !=