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The Research Progress and Comprehensive Treatment of Lake Eutrophication in China

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The Research Progress and Comprehensive Treatment of Lake Eutrophication in China The Research Progress and Comprehensive Treatment of Lake Eutrophication in China lecturer: Zhou Bin（Phd） Contents 1 Current Situation of Lake Eutrophication in China 2 Reseach Progress of Lake Eutrophication in China 3 Solutions of Eutrophication Treatment in China 4 Work by TAES in Yuqiao Project www.taes.org TAES 1. Current Situation of Lake Eutrophication in China www.taes.org TAES 1. Methods to assess Eutrophication in China TLI is mainly used as follows. ⑴ TLI（chla）=10（2.5+1.086lnchl） ⑵ TLI（TP）=10（9.436+1.624lnTP） ⑶ TLI（TN）=10（5.453+1.694lnTN） ⑷ TLI（SD）=10（5.118-1.94lnSD） ⑸ TLI（CODMn）=10（0.109+2.661lnCOD） Unit: chla: mg/m3, SD: m, Others: mg/L Assessing Standards TLI(∑) 030 50 60 70 100 Low Medium High Nutrient Low Medium Level Nutrient Nutrient High Nutrient Level Level Level(Eutrophication) www.taes.org TAES 2.Current Situation of Lake Eutrophication in China Main Lake region in China Lakes in Eastern Plain Area Distribution of Lake in China Lakes in Northeast Plain and Mountain Area Lakes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area Lakes in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau Area Lakes in Yunan-Guizhou Plateau Area Statistics of Area and Runoff Volume of Inner and Outer Rivers in China Area of Outer Rivers Area of Inner Rivers Volume of Outer Rivers Volume of Inner Rivers Number of Lakes：2742( > 1 km2) Total Area: 91020 km2 www.taes.org TAES 10 ．Cao Sea Heavy Eutrophication •NanTaizi Lake•Moshui Lake •Liwan Lake •Liuhua Lake •ChaiWobao •Dongshan •Dianchi Lake •Ci Lake •Li LakeLake •Xuanwu Lake Lake 4.50 •South Lake•Muogu of Lake Eutrophication •Gucheng •Western Lake Hulun Changchun TN •DianshanLake •Gantang Lake •WesternLake• 邛Lake 海 (2) •BaiYangdianLake Lake•东湖 •Dai Sea •WuLiangsu •South Lake of Sea•Hasu Sea Nanning•Jingbo Lake WuDalian Lake •Dongqian Lake 0.765 (mg/L) •Er Sea Medium Nutrient •Shisha Sea •Qiandao•NaMucuo Lake •Xingkai Lake Yuqiao 0.235 •Songhua Lake Low Nutrient •Qinghai Lake •贫营养区FuXian Lake •BoSiteng Lake •ChangBai Lake 0 0.019 1.0 www.taes.org 0.065 P (mg/L) 0.413 TAES Medium 15 ％ Low 0 ％ Heavy 85 ％ 1990s Based on investigation of 26 lakes in China, the number of Low 4 ％ eutrophication lakes in China in the Heavy 61 ％ 1970s, 1980s and 1990s is 27%, 61% and 85% respectively. In 2000, Medium 35 ％ it develops faster and China has 1980s become a heavy eutrophication country in the world. Medium 69 ％ High 27 ％ 1970s Low 4 ％ www.taes.org TAES Total Area of Eutrophication Lakes Year 2000 2006 2010 Total Area（km2） 3800 5000 6700 Distribution of Eutrophication Lakes in China East 56.7 Midland 29.9 West 13.4 1530 45 % www.taes.org TAES Sea gourds of Kunming Lake Kunming Lake Taihu Lake Waterweedswww.taes.org of Chao Lake Meiliang Bay of TaihuTAES Lake Example-Taihu Lake Annual water quality of Taihu Lake 100% 90% 19 80% 70% 55 57.1 71.4 67 60% 85 86 50% 57.2 40% 5 30% 23.9 20% 35 14.3 33 10% 23.8 15 14.3 19 14 0% 5 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅳ类 Ⅴ类 劣Ⅴ类 www.taes.org TAES Annual Water Quality of Chaohu Lake 6 0.12 5 0.1 4 0.08 3 0.06 2 0.04 Permanganate Index(mg/L) 总磷（mg/L） Total Phosphorus(mg/L) 1 0.02 高锰酸盐指数（mg/L） 0 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 3.5 64 3 63 62 2.5 61 2 60 1.5 59 58 营养状态指数 总氮（mg/L） 1 Total Nitrogen(mg/L) 57 0.5 56 Nutrient Condition Index 0 55 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 www.taes.org TAES Area of Blue Algae Bloom in Taihu Lake from 1950 to 2006 1950’s1970’s 1980 1987 1994 2000 2006 www.taes.org TAES 2. Research Progress of Lake Eutrophication in China www.taes.org TAES 1.Research Progress Since the 1950s, China has started to concern about lake eutrophication and carry out specific research on aquatic organisms, planktons, and types of eutrophication. Especially in recent 20 years, Chinese researchers have done a lot of basic study on lake eutrophication control and econological restoration. in practices, many successful experiences have been achieved. Major research fields include: Study on eutrophication source, limiting factors and adjusting strategies Study on form, release patterns, influence factors and transformation mechanisms of source nutrient in lakes Study on rules of transport and transformation of N and P from agricultural non-point pollution Application of Remote Sensing Technology in dynamic monitoring of lake eutrophication Study on models of lake eutrophication prediction www.taes.org TAES Sample Collection of Water and Hydrophyte Environment monitoring Hydrophyte collection Water collection Hydrophyte collection Sediment collection www.taes.org TAES Remote Sensing Monitoring of Water Quality Taihu Lake Mouth of the Pearl River Kunming Lake Statistics of Red Tide Area in the Mouth Area of the Pearl River, in Oct. 2009. www.taes.org TAES Sequence remote sensing monitoring of water quality for long period www.taes.org TAES 2.Insufficiencies In the Field of Research： Domestic study on nutrient source is much more focusing on monitoring and research of regular nutrient indices(TN,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,TP,COD,SS). It lacks analysis on identification, labelling, transport and transformation of nutrient of different forms, especially lacking basic research on transport and transformation of P(Dissolved Phosphorus and Particulate Phosphorus) In the Field of Technical Promotion In the Chinese mainland, there is some difference in technical level,such as remote sensing monitoring and building of pollution data base, especially between western and eastern coastal area, In the Field of Policy: Some local authorities only pursue economic benefits and encourage the fast expansion of industries and enterprises. Some enterprises with high polluiton and high energy consumption still exist. www.taes.org TAES 3. Solutions of Eutrophication Treatment in China www.taes.org TAES Characteristics of Natural Ciruclation of Water in Lake Basins Transport of Water Vapour Transpiration Stormwater Evaporation Stormwater Evaporation Surface Runoff Backflow Infiltration Lake Ocean Land Groundwater Flow Characteristics of water remains largely. www.taes.org TAES 20 Social Circulation of Water Natural Precipitation Manufacture and Daily Life Uptake Treatment Rivers and Lakes Characteristics of water changes constantly. www.taes.org TAES 21 General Thoughts on Comprehensive Treatment of Basins 1.Keep natural circulation of water and secure it as clean water source for down areas. 云与水汽 水汽输送 Mountains 2. Regulate social circulation of water and re Stormwaterduce anthroprogenic pollution. Transpiration Evapiration Surface Runoff Infiltration Forests and Lakes Small River Wetlands 3. Preserve or restore ecological condition Subsurface Runoff of lakes. Balance the ecosystem and play its fuctions www.taes.org TAES 22 General Thoughts on Comprehensive Treatment of Basins Population and Economic DevelopingDistribution Patterns Circular Economy Cleaner Production Wastewater from townsPollution and villages source Lake Basins Industrial wastewater Monitoring Management Village sewage Treatment Farmland runoff Other non-point wastewater Low Polluted Rivers Lakes Water www.taes.org TAES General Thoughts on Comprehensive Treatment of Basins COD If precipitation is 1500mm/a，runoff is７ ０％ and water consumption is 10.0 Population 500ℓ/capital/d Population and farmlandIf annual discharge of P is 70%, COD is 8.0 70% and N is 50%. 人口+农田+牲畜 6.0 How to solve this problem? 4.0 ●Change lifestyle. COD(mg/l) ●Invent new technologes. 2.0 ●Take new measures. 0.0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Population Density(capital/km2) Environment Limit: Environment Limit: 150P/km2 800P/km2 www.taes.org TAES General Thoughts on Comprehensive Treatment of Basins 3.0 (Ⅱ级3.0) 1.5 2006.1.1 Standards of water quality of (1B:1.5/1.0) discharged domestic wastewater (Unit (ⅠA:1.0(before)/0.5 1.0 … (after) ) ： (V类0.4) 0.3 mg/L ) mg/L Standard of water quality of rivers 0.2 (Ⅲ类0.2) (IV类0.3) (V类0.2) 0.1 Standars of water quality of lakes and reserviors (Ⅲ类0.05) (IV类0.1) 0.0 Ⅲ类 IV类 V类 A comparison among water quality of discharged domestic wastewater, lake water and river water. www.taes.org TAES Technical System of Comprehensive Treatment Wastewater treatment BOD facilities：wastewater Domestic 200mg/L treatment plants, wastewate purification tanks and etc. ： 20mg/L Qualified Eco-treatment projects effluent Contact Oxidation, constructed wetland and intensified purification 5mg/L Lakes intake Eco-treatment technologies: restoration by planktons, <1mg/L Lake water algea, hydrophyte and others www.taes.org TAES Restoration Technologies of Lake ecology ①Control of nutrient source ②Control of sunlight intensity ⑥Eco-control of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone ③Vertical and mix control ⑤Control of fish community ④Control of dissolved oxygen 6 major control mechanisms in restoration of ecological environmental of lakes www.taes.org TAES Restoration technologies(RS) of ecological environment of lakes RS in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone RS of rivers . Multi natural vegetation purification technology – Sand contact oxidation technology . Eco-landscape designing technology – Wetland purification technology . Vegetation optimizing configuration – Riverbed restoration technology technology . Base restoration technology – Eco river bank technology RS of lakes water RS in estuaries . Water flow control technology – River mouth purification technology . Light control technology – River mouth algea control technology . Control technology of odor and River mouth ecology restoration technology harmful microorganisms . Fishing ecology control technology Technologies of blue algea control Technologies of sludge control – Mechanical ecological algea control . Sludge sweeping technology technology . Safe covering technology – Algea removing technology . Safe solidifying technology – Chemical algea-control technology www.taes.org TAES 4. Work by TAES in Yuqiao Project www.taes.org TAES General Information of Yuqiao Reservior 57.6km 60m3/s Luanhe-Tianjin Water Division Project started from DaHeting Reservior in Panjiakou and went through a 12.4km tunnel and a 长度34km 57.6km part of Li River, then 50m3/s reached Yuqiao Reservior.
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