A Mark-Recapture Experiment to Estimate the Abundance of Kuskokwim River Sockeye, Chum, and Coho Salmon, 2002
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A MARK-RECAPTURE EXPERIMENT TO ESTIMATE THE ABUNDANCE OF KUSKOKWIM RIVER SOCKEYE, CHUM, AND COHO SALMON, 2002 By Carol M. Kerkvliet Toshihide Ramazaki Karen E. Ryer and David Cannon Regional Information Report No. 1 3A03-25 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Commercial Fisheries Division, A YK. Region 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, Alaska 99518-1599 December 2003 .....,.,-_---:-:-:-:---:-____lThe Regional Infonnation Report Series was established in 1987 to provide an infonnation access system for all unpublished divisional reports. These reports frequently serve diverse ad hoc infonnational purposes or archive basic uninterrupted data. To accommodate timely reporting of recently collected infonnation, reports in this series undergo only limited internal review and may contain preliminary data; this infonnation may be subsequently finalized and published in the fonnalliterature. Consequently, these reports should not be cited without approval of the author or the Commercial Fisheries Division. AUTHORS Carol M. Kerkvliet is a Kuskokwim Area Fishery Research Biologist for the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Division, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518. Toshihide Ramazaki is the AYK Regional Biometrician for the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Division, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518. Karen E. Ryer is a Statistician for Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Subsistence Management Fisheries Information Services. 3601 C. Street, Suite 1030, Anchorage, AK 99503. David Cannon is the Fishery Biologist for the Kuskokwim Native Association, Aniak, AK 99557. OEO/ADA STATEMENT The Alaska Department of Fish and Game administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information please write to ADF&G, P.O. Box 25526, Juneau, AK 99802-5526; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N. Fairfield Drive, Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22203; or O.E.O., U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington DC 20240. For information on alternative formats for this and other department publications, please contact the department ADA Coordinator at (voice) 907-465-4120, (TDD) 907-465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-2440. 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge Wayne Morgan of the Kuskokwim Native Association (KNA) for his help throughout this project. His support and the support of KNA were essential to the project's success. In addition, the authors wish to acknowledge the KNA employees Victor Evan, Lyman Duffy, and Billy Alexie who were valued members of the tagging crew as were the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF &G) Commercial Fisheries Division employees Jayson Baumer, Frank Burke, Chad Bear, Rainy Diehl, Ethlyn Dunbar, Wally Drumhiller, David Folletti, Carlos Monsivais, Marina Telouchkina, and Sport Fish Division employees Lisa Stuby, Shannon Spring, and Loren St Arnand. We also thank volunteers Rick Baumer and Gail Heineman. We wish to acknowledge Ken Harper ofthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and Ted Spencer of ADF&G for supplying us with tags when we most needed them. Furthermore, we thank Doug Molyneaux, Doug Bue, Rick Ward, Jeff Estensen, and Bobbie Fisher from the Fish and Game office in Bethel, Anica Estes, Sheryl Salaskey and Katie Sechrist from the Anchorage office, and weir crews from USFWS, KNA, Orutsararmiut Native Council, and ADF&G for collecting tag return information. Finally, we want to thank Daniel Wheeler who operated a front-end loader to move fish wheels from the construction site to the river at the beginning of the project and from the river to a storage site at the end of the project, and Doug Moffitt for allowing us to store the wheels on his land. This assistance definitely relieved our workload during these critical periods. We thank Amanda Orzechowski (USFWS) for data entry and Susan McNeil and Doug Molyneaux from ADF&G for their editorial comments, and John Linderman for his analysis of run timing. Lastly, we thank Craig Whitmore, Linda Brannian, John Hilsinger, and Gene Sandone for their support and expertise, editorial comments, and critical reviews to improve the outcome of the project and this report. Partial funding of this project was through the Western Alaska Salmon Fisheries Disaster Mitigation Research Plan (W ASFDP). 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... , ............................. viii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ xi ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Project Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 6 Capture Methods .......................................................................................................................... 6 Fish Wheels .............................................................................................................................. 6 Drift Gillnets ............................................................................................................................ 7 Tagging..................................................................................................................................... 7 Tag Recovery ........................................................................................................................... 8 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 8 Travel Speed ............................................................................................................................. 8 Assumptions ............................................................................................................................. 9 Abundance Estimate ................................................................................................................. 9 ML Darroch Estimator of Abundance ............................................................................................ 9 Temporal Stratification ............................................................................................................. 10 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Sockeye Salmon ........................................................................................................................ 10 Tag Deployment ..................................................................................................................... 10 Tag Recovery ......................................................................................................................... 11 Tagging Sites .......................................................................................................................... 11 Weir Sites ............................................................................................................................... 11 Voluntary Tag Recoveries ......................................................................................................... 11 Travel Speed and Travel Days ............................................................................................... 11 Run Timing ............................................................................................................................ 11 Abundance Estimate Diagnostics ........................................................................................... 12 Effects of Holding Time and Density ........................................................................................... 12 Tag Recovery Ratios ................................................................................................................ 12 Tag Loss ................................................................................................................................ 12 Abundance Estimate ............................................................................................................... 12 IV TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chum Salmon ............................................................................................................................ 12 Tag Deployment ..................................................................................................................... 12 Tag Recovery ........................................................................................................................