National Survey of Needs for Hatchery Fish a Cooperative Project of the 50 States and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife STATE BY STATE SUMMARIES National Survey of Needs for Hatchery Fish A Cooperative Project of the 50 States and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Prepared by the Bureau's Division of Fishery Services with the assistance of the Division of Fish Hatcheries and the Division of Fishery Research Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Resource Publication 63 (Part II) Washington, D.C. • October 1968 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402- Price $1.75 Contents The summaries for the 50 States and the District of Columbia are in alphabetical order. Each State summary covers four pages; the fourth page is a map showing the locations of hatcheries in the State. Foreword This is part II of the report on the National Survey of Needs for Hatchery Fish. The purpose of the survey was to collect information to guide State and Federal fishery managers in their efforts to provide recreational fishing to an ever-growing number of anglers. The survey report is in two parts. The first section, or National Section, contains a summary and interpretation of the data on a nationwide basis. It also contains a copy of the sur- vey design, a glossary, and copies of the survey forms. This second section, or State Section, contains summaries of the data on a State by State basis. For each State, a map shows the loca- tion of State and Federal fish hatcheries. The survey was carried out in the fall and winter of 1966, collecting from Federal and State conservation agencies data on the present and future (1) amount and types of sport-fish habitat, (2) amount and types of habitat stocked, (3) numbers and types of fishermen, (4) stocking requirements, and (5) hatchery fish pro- duction capabilities. Data were also collected from private fish hatcheries concerning present and future production of fish for use in providing recreational fishing. The Director of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife again expresses his thanks to all those who contributed to this undertaking. NATIONAL SURVEY OF NEEDS FOR HATCHERY FISH ALABAMA Fish Habitats Alabama is the home of intensively managed fishing lakes. Therefore, their lakes and ponds are very productive. All of the more than one-half million acres of inland waters are classified as warm-water (table 1). The principal game species are the largemouth bass, bluegill, and crappie. Over 94,000 acres of farm ponds in Alabama furnish excellent fishing for bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, and channel catfish. The reservoir fishery is typical of fishing on large impoundments throughout the Southeast. Over one-half of the inland fishing waters in Alabama fall in this category. Good fishing is provided for bass, crappie, bluegill, and catfish. This State has approximately 100,000 acres of streams. TABLE 1.--Acres of inland fishing waters and waters stocked 1965 1973 1980 2000 Warm waters 573,580 635,080 748,480 899,947 On Federal lands 235,645 275,245 349,245 434,245 On other public lands 243,935 246,835 265,235 271,702 Farm ponds 94,000 113,000 134,000 194,000 Warm waters stocked 7,154 9,398 10,842 15,045 On Federal lands 691 413 424 468 On other public lands 958 1,877 2,574 4,573 Farm ponds 5,505 7,108 7,844 10,004 Alabama marine waters total nearly 884,000 acres. The productive estuarine area has many sheltered bays and bayous providing very good fishing. Characteristics of the Fishery Alabama's inland and marine waters provide the fisherman with year-round fishing. Reservoir fishing is most productive in the spring and fall, while the managed lakes are good the entire year. Theffituarine fishing is seasonal, depending upon the movements of the various species. The principal species available to the fishermen are: Fresh water Salt water Largemouth bass Weakfish or "sea trout" Cobia Spotted bass Channel bass Red snapper Crappie Bluefish Grouper Catfish Flounder Tarpon Bluegill and redear sunfish Dolphin White bass Mackerel (King and Spanish) The Alabama Department of Conservation is providing outstanding fishing through its public fishing lake program. These lakes, ranging in size from 30 to nearly 300 acres, are stocked and managed for maximum production. The State is also creating artificial snapper banks in the Gulf of Mexico for the benefit of salt-water anglers. The inland commercial fishery utilizes catfish, drum, buffalo, and sturgeon. It is thought to be beneficial to the sport fishing interest by harvesting competing non-game species. ALABAMA 1 Data on Fishermen In 1965, Alabama had 561,000 fishermen on its inland waters and 76,000 marine fishermen (table 2). These two groups expended 5,330,000 days on fresh waters and 722,000 on salt water. TABLE 2.--Number of warm-water fishermen and days of fishing 1 ,000's 1965 1973 1980 2000 Fishermen 561 618 685 916 Man-days of fishing 5,330 5,871 6,508 8,702 Hatchery Facilities In the State of Alabama, there are two national fish hatcheries and two operated by the Department of Conservation. All are warm-water facilities producing bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, channel catfish, and occasional experimental species. The Federal hatcheries in Alabama have the production capacity to provide the fish needed on waters managed by Federal agencies. Practically all of the waters in Alabama are managed and stocked by the State. In addition, the hatcheries provide fish for stocking Federal waters in contiguous States. Most of the fish produced in the two Federal hatcheries are utilized by the Depart- ment of Conservation in its pond and lake stocking program--in accordance with a co- operative agreement between the State and the Bureau. This involves, at the present, about 2 million fish (table 3). TABLE 3.--Requirements and production of The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and hatchery fish (numbers in 1,000's) Wildlife utilized 6,000 fingerling trout for research purposes in 1965. It is Requirements Production anticipated that this number will increase to 15,000 in 1973, 19,000 in 1980, and 1965 23,000 by 2000. Present and projected out- Total, warm-water 4,449 5,218 side production is ample to meet these State 4,418 2,772 requirements. The requirements and pro- Fingerlings 4,316 2,772 duction for warm-water fish are given in Catchables 102 table 3. Bureau 31 2,446 Fingerlings 31 2,439 Alabama State hatcheries produced about Catchables 7 2.11 million fish in 1965, which, with the 1973 fish provided by Federal hatcheries, was Total, warm-water 8,370 8,903 enough to meet their current needs for State 8,256 3,723 fingerlings. Bureau 114 5,180 1980 Special Conditions Total, warm-water 9,263 9,445 State 9,130 3,723 The principal needs for Alabama for Bureau 133 5,722 bass, bluegill, and redear sunfish for the 2000 lakes and ponds are currently covered. There Total, warm-water 11,910 11,736 is a need for striped bass, walleye, and State 11,689 3,723 possibly a few other species for experimental Bureau 221 8,013 purposes. Adult bass are also needed for corrective stocking in waters overcrowded by forage fishes. An experimental stocking of rainbow trout in a large reservoir which may support this species is now under observation. Should the experiment be a success, an entirely new fishery and a need for trout would result. ALABAMA 2 NATIONAL SURVEY OF NEEDS FOR HATCHERY FISH Projections for 1973, 1980, 2000 By the year 1973, Alabama's need for warm-water fish will be about 8 million annually; and by 1980, another million will be required. In the year 2000, when there will he over 899 million acres of inland water--due to reservoir and lake construction-- nearly 12 million fish will be required. Additional species, such as walleye, striped bass, tilapia, and trout, will be utilized in managing these waters. About 900 thousand fishermen will devote nearly 9 million days to fishing. Conclusions and Recommendations Analysis of the data in this report indicates clearly that the fishing waters will be greatly increased in the future due to reservoir and lake construction. By the year 2000, increased hatchery facilities may be needed to provide fish for managing these waters to provide fishing for nearly 1 million anglers. State officials indicated they do not plan to construct additional hatcheries. A new hatchery concept must be developed in the future to provide for Alabama's requirements. New species must be propagated, and larger fish must be reared. State and visiting biologists discussing the fishery at one of the many State-owned lakes in Alabama. Dr. Homer Swingle, Auburn University, the discussion leader, is an inter- national authority on the stocking and management of warm-water lakes and ponds. ALABAMA 3 • 818° 87° 86° 85° _ 35 —35°- LAUDERDALE ' LIMESTONE JACKSON FLORENCE MADISON ATHENS I5 0 •• TUSCUMB 'I A 0 HUNTSVILLE ,... escorTsBoiND i_i$ I COLBERT / 9 - - -...- .. ,• tit,. •••,..1 /1 /1 1 : LAWRENCEI '1 ' .. '.40 ? . .....1.4 HussEuvruz • MOULTON 0 ,..P. I I M 0 R G A N i ,VORY PAYNE , FRANKLIN GUNTERSVILLE" 1,45.4DEKALB,T, _ R S H. A L J." r r I MARION WINSTON ' /A I cuiiimi 0 0 , . • @ HAMILTON MIESPoNGs 1 CULL MAN , HER OK El - 34 , -34, eV-GADSDEN , —11 L — , ' Cariron HT11"I'4 % , ..c....0 ve". 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