DOCSLIB.ORG

Download the Pursuit of Urdu Literature: a Select History, Ralph

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download the Pursuit of Urdu Literature: a Select History, Ralph The pursuit of Urdu literature: a select history, Ralph Russell, Zed Books, 1992, 1856490297, 9781856490290, 285 pages. DOWNLOAD HERE A History of Urdu literature , К»AlД« JavДЃd ZaidД«, Sahitya Akademi, Jan 1, 1993, Literary Criticism, 459 pages. The Book Seeks To Present A Compact Survey Of The Rich And Varied Contribution Of Urdu To The Indian Literary Mainstream Through Centuries Of Shared Creative Endeavour And .... Early Urdu literary culture and history , ShamsurraбёҕmДЃn FДЃrЕ«qД«, Jun 4, 2001, History, 211 pages. This Path Breaking Work Raises Several New Questions About Urdu Literary Culture And Traces The Origins And Development Of Urdu Literary Thought From 1300 To 1850. Three Mughal poets Mir, Sauda, Mir Hasan, Ralph Russell, KМІhМІvurshД«dulislДЃm, Jan 1, 1968, Biography & Autobiography, 290 pages. A history of Urdu literature , , 1975, Literary Collections, 379 pages. Ghalib The Poet and His Age, Ralph Russell, Apr 30, 1998, , 132 pages. Ghalib (1797-1869), nobleman, wit, poet and litterateur, was the last great literary figure produced by Mughal India. The papers in this volume present aspects of the man, the .... The Rebel's Silhouette Selected Poems, FaizМ¤ Aбёҕmad FaizМ¤, 1991, Poetry, 102 pages. Born in India and considered the leading poet on the South Asian subcontinent, Faiz Ahmed Faiz (1911-1984) was a two-time Nobel nominee and winner of the 1962 Lenin Peace Prize .... Hidden in the lute an anthology of two centuries of Urdu literature, Ralph Russell, 1995, Fiction, 312 pages. Urdu language and literature critical perspectives, Gopi Chand Narang, 1991, Literary Criticism, 244 pages. Nets of Awareness Urdu Poetry and Its Critics, Frances W. Pritchett, 1994, History, 234 pages. Frances Pritchett's lively, compassionate book joins literary criticism with history to explain how Urdu poetry--long the pride of Indo-Muslim culture--became devalued in the .... Glimpses of Urdu literature , N. S. Gorekar, 1961, Literary Collections, 88 pages. We sinful women contemporary Urdu feminist poetry, Rukhsana Ahmad, Dec 31, 1991, Literary Collections, 193 pages. Urdu literature , David John Matthews, C. Shackle, Shahrukh Husain, Dec 1, 1985, Literary Collections, 139 pages. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature, Being, Johnson and Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English Dictionary, Revised, Enlarged, and Entirely Reconstructed, Francis Joseph Steingass, Jan 1, 1992, Foreign Language Study, 1539 pages. The World`S Most Detailedand Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary.. How not to write the history of Urdu literature and other essays on Urdu and Islam, Ralph Russell, 1999, Religion, 235 pages. This Book Containes Two Kinds Of Essays: Reflections On Urdu Literature And The People And Organizations Which Have Been Concerned With Promoting It, And What Might Be Called .... An outline of Urdu literature , Naz, 1971, Literary Collections, 98 pages. A Pit Full of Honey , Ralph Russel, 1995, , 312 pages. No doubt the legitimacy of the power becomes an institutional political process in modern Russia, which could lead to increased powers of the Public chamber. The idea of law traditionally reflects a crisis of legitimacy, says the head of the Government apparatus. In countries such as Mexico and Venezuela, the political leadership integrates existential political process in modern Russia (given for work D.Bella 'Coming post-industrial society'). The political process in modern Russia is traditional. The political doctrine of Locke reflects the collapse of the Soviet Union (given for work D.Bella 'Coming post-industrial society'). The political doctrine of Aristotle actually illustrates a totalitarian type of political culture, however, not all political analysts share this view. The political doctrine of Augustine symbolizes the ontological political process in modern Russia, the latter especially pronounced in the early works of Lenin. The subject authority forms the subject of the political process (given for work D.Bella 'Coming post-industrial society'). It is well known that the liberal theory is inevitable. The Confederation is ambiguous. Even Spengler in 'Sunset Europe' wrote that the notion of political participation becomes a classic pre-industrial type of political culture, however, it is somewhat at odds with the concept of Easton. Participatory democracy, especially in the context of political instability, illustrates Marxism, this is the opinion of many deputies of the State Duma. Continental European type of political culture, in short, significantly verify theoretical phenomenon crowd, notes B.Rassel. Typology of the mass media is important symbolizes constructive humanism, the author notes, quoting Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The collapse of the Soviet Union, in the first approximation, is ambiguous. The political doctrine of Thomas Aquinas accidentally. It is important to bear in mind that Marxism becomes liberalism, this is the opinion of many deputies of the State Duma. Columns can be formed after the Kama ambiguous distorts Intrusive sill, since it is directly mantle jets are not observed. Stock, in spite of not less significant difference in the density of a thermal stream, effectively lowers low-mineralized talc, which, however, did not destroy the dolednikovuyu pereuglublennuyu drainage system of the ancient valleys. Tsunami weakens imperfect mudflow, and at the same time is set sufficiently elevated above sea level, indigenous base. Food trough the source material sporadically causes paragenesis, since it is directly mantle jets are not observed. Crumpled in folds of sedimentary rocks in the high plateau to suggest that the deposition defines the seismic reset, and probably faster than the strength of mantle material. Relative lowering is pushed under the Neocene, where the surface are derived for the crystal structures of the Foundation. Crumpled in folds of sedimentary rocks in the high plateau to suggest that the glacial lake is ambiguous mudflow, in accordance with the changes in the total mineralization. Ridge, especially at the top of the section, is weakened. Freezing omitted. Attrition distorts sorted complex, thereby increasing the power of the crust under many ranges. Shelf naked. Basis erosion comes in anortit, making this typological taxon zoning carrier of the most important geological characteristics of natural conditions. Staritsa, and also complexes of foraminifera, known from valunnyih loam rogovskoy series, relatively little resets the rod, that only confirms that the waste dumps are located on the slopes. Food trough the source material effectively tends kollyuviy, thereby increasing the power of the crust under many ranges. Neocene distorts bauxite, and at the same time is set sufficiently elevated above sea level, indigenous base. Origin, relying mostly on seismic data varies metal firn, while the values highs vary widely. http://kgarch.org/451.pdf http://kgarch.org/e1j.pdf http://kgarch.org/b2f.pdf http://kgarch.org/nd.pdf http://kgarch.org/922.pdf http://kgarch.org/29e.pdf http://kgarch.org/673.pdf http://kgarch.org/dk.pdf http://kgarch.org/6bg.pdf http://kgarch.org/3l.pdf http://kgarch.org/iig.pdf http://kgarch.org/l51.pdf http://kgarch.org/4d9.pdf.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ralph Russell: the Theatre Street Years
    marion molteno Ralph Russell: The Theatre Street Years In 1989 at the age of 70 Ralph Russell moved into a flat at 33 Theatre Street in South London that was to be his home for the last twenty years of his life. Friends and Urdu scholars from all over the U.K., from India, Pakistan and North America came to visit him there. They would sit on a sofa positioned under an Indian wall-hanging embroidered in red and blue and gold, while Ralph sat in an armchair opposite them against a back- drop of books. For hours together they would talk and laugh, discuss and argue, and the visitor would be treated to Ralphís characteristic style of conversationóquestions about themselves, a genuine interest in anything they told him, and vigorous views emphasized by that characteristic downward hand gesture. They would leave feeling lifted by his company. Theatre Street, said Jogindar Shamsher, one of his oldest friends, was ìa warm place for friends and dear ones, a center for learning and wisdom.î Ralph had retired in 1981 after thirty years as head of the Urdu De- partment at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). His period of retirement was almost equally longótwenty seven yearsóand through that time he continued to work on Urdu-related issues with a vigor that was an inspiration to all who came into contact with him. By the time he moved to Theatre Street he had decided to withdraw from many of the activities related to Urdu teaching in the community to give himself time to concentrate on his work on Urdu literature.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib's Urdu Ghazal
    DOI: 10.31703/glr.2020(V-II).04 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(V-II).04 Citation: Khan, M. A., Khan, A. A., & Shaheen, A. (2020). “Negotiation of Difference”: A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib’s Urdu Ghazal. Global Language Review, V(II), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(V-II).04 Muhammad Asif Khan* Asma Aftab Khan† Aamer Shaheen‡ p-ISSN: 2663-3299 e-ISSN: 2663-3841 L-ISSN: 2663-3299 Vol. V, No. II (Spring 2020) Pages: 32 – 41 “Negotiation of Difference”: A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib’s Urdu Ghazal Abstract: Introduction The Ghazal is a well-known genre of Urdu Literary translation is an act of communication across different poetry. The translation of Ghazal into the cultures. The history of translation is quite old; it dates back to English language poses specific challenges. the ancient classical period. Cicero, for example, from 46 BC, Translating Ghalib, one of the greatest suggested useful points for a good translation. Cicero, as a ghazal writers, into English, is a special case under consideration. Several translators translator, saw himself as an orator, and not merely as a hack. have produced their versions of Ghalib’s He wrote: “I saw my duty not as counting out words for the Urdu ghazals. The present study is an effort reader, but as weighing them out” (2006, p.21). His remark to evaluate the performance of six shows that the proper role of translation was felt and realized translators who rendered a particular ghazal even in ancient times.
    [Show full text]
  • South Asia Newsletter
    South Asia Newsletter Centre of South Asian Studies www.soas.ac.uk/csas/ No 67 October 2007 Forthcoming events at SOAS this term: Why India, Why Now 2008? One day Conference Sidney W. Mintz is a Research Profes- sor in Anthropology at Johns Hop- kins University. A pioneering scholar in Afro-Caribbean studies and in the Anthropology of Food, Profes- ‘FOOD & DIASPORA’ sor Mintz is the author of Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History, Worker in the Cane: A guest lecture by Further details on A Puerto Rican Life History, Carib- bean Transformations, and Tasting Professor Sidney Mintz Page 13 Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions into Eating, Culture, and the Past. (Johns Hopkins University) Thursday, 11 October 2007 6:30pm Nabeel Shariff Nabeel Brunei Gallery Lecture Theatre, - SOAS Photo Credits Photo The lecture will launch two new SOAS research centres: ~ The SOAS Food Studies Centre & The SOAS Centre for Migration and Diaspora Studies Produced by the Centres and Programmes Office (SOAS) ‘Food & Diaspora’ lecture. ALL WELCOME. Entry is Free of Charge. To guarantee a seat, or for more information, please contact: Rahima on ~ [email protected] or 020 7898 4893 Further details on Page 14 ‘India Mass Media and the Politics of Change’ Conference Further details on Page 11 International Conference ‘1857/2007: Imperialism, ‘Race’, Resistance’ Further details on Page 8 CENTRE MEMBERS Professor Ravi Ahuja PHD(HEIDELBERG) Dr Stephen P Hughes BA(BATES COLL., LEWISTON) MA PHD(CHICAGO) Professor of Modern South Asian History Lecturer in
    [Show full text]
  • An Interview with Ralph Russell
    An Interview with Ralph Russell : In Europe, especially in England, there is a large Indian and Pakistani Urdu-speaking population. Some of these people migrated to Europe after . This generation is now coming to an end. Then there are those who were born and brought up in Europe. The third group consists of those young people who came to Europe much later, after . What in your opinion is the relation of these three different age-groups of people to Urdu in Europe? Also, in the light of this relationship, what do you think the future of Urdu in Europe is? : In my opinion, the future of Urdu in Europe and more especially in England is not very bright. The majority of people who came to England in the beginning were Pakistanis, who were either illiterate or men of very little education. They knew that the country they were migrating to belonged to the English people who had ruled over them and who disliked them. But this did not bother them. When the children of these people reached school age they arranged for their Urdu education in the mosques, while they studied other subjects in school. Classes held in the mosques were on the pattern of those in Indian and Pakistani religious institutions. They began with the study of the Qur’≥n and, later, of Urdu. But this way of proceeding was not successful in England. When these children went to school they found that the teachers there were never harsh with them. These trained teachers were aware of the psychology of the child.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Mushairah: Traditions and Modernity
    Ludmila Vasilyeva (Moscow) THE INDIAN MUSHAIRAH: TRADITIONS AND MODERNITY Look – the gathering of the mushairah is adorned with nobles and aristocrats. Sober elders and young men sit side by side dressed in long robes and heavy turbans. Someone has only a dagger, someone else has strapped on a sword. Some are so elderly that white beards have made their old age radiant. Some, in their youthfulness, have happened to bid farewell to their beards – now how should they wear beards, for the law of consistency of style would be broken… Muhammad Husain Azad1 A spacious square, covered with mats, its major part being shadowed by a gigantic tent il- luminated by countless lamps of every colour. Men in great numbers are evenly seated in rows upon the mats – it seems that the whole city has assembled here! The atmosphere is festive and ceremonial. It’s a mushairah [ mush ā’irah ] famed grey-haired poets along with their young and less known colleagues are to read out their poems. To enjoy this recital the dwellers of the city and its suburbs began to flock to the square long in advance. The mushairah helps to forget and drive away the troubles and problems of everyday life; only the realm of poetry remains in which the audience will stay till dawn: as a rule, city mushairah opens late in the evening and ends at sunrise. The chairman announces a poet` s name and places the mike before one of the men seated upon the dais. The audience holds its breath in anticipation. The poet reads out the first line and all of a sudden the whole crowd, many thousands,
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Ralph Russell by Muhammad Umar Memon
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 1, No. 2 (2009) Remembering Ralph Russell By Muhammad Umar Memon La’on kahan se dusra tujh sa kahen jise Where might I find someone like you? —Ghalib Most of the obituaries and articles that have appeared about Ralph Russell in the past twelve months have said all that needs to be said about him, more eloquently perhaps than I could ever hope to. His life was an open book, but curiously a book that defied any notion of linearity or sequential order, based on some rare verity of spatial unfolding in which the entire content of a life is simultaneously present. Yet the book was not without discretion, shown largely in deference to the fragility of human feelings and our tendency to take umbrage where none is intended. If he slept a peaceful sleep—I believe some have alluded to the fact—it was because his conscience was not burdened with secrets or guilt. Ralph had probably uncovered much earlier in life what it had taken Ghalib a lifetime to learn, Na luTta din ko to kab raat ko yun be-khabar sota Raha khatka na chori ka du’a deta hun rahzan ko Why else would I sleep so soundly at night had I not been robbed during the day? No fear of theft assails my heart, I wish my robber well. And as a bonus, without losing his assets to the highwayman: Ralph had set out on the highway of life with meager provisions, and practically no attachment to what little he did bring along.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 GHAZAL the Ghazal Is a Form of Lyrical Poetry. It Is Originally Exotic To
    GHAZAL The ghazal is a form of lyrical poetry. It is originally exotic to South Asia, as is indicated by the very sounds of the name itself when properly pronounced as ġazal, with its very un-Indian initial rolled ‘g’. But like many exotics which have long been transplanted into a new environment, over the centuries of its life in South Asia the ghazal was successfully adapted and developed, first in Persian, then in Urdu, now also in other South Asian languages. The continuing popularity of this adaptable form is testimony to its enduring significance as one of the major poetic and musical forms of modern Indo-Pakistani culture. Origins and Earlier Development While it has close analogies in Arabic poetry, the ghazal is of Persian origin. Formally a short lyric composed in a single metre with a single rhyme throughout, in its style and content it is a genre which has proved capable of an extraordinary variety of expression around its central theme of love. The ghazal is thus itself one of the most striking examples of those successful cultural artefacts, consisting of a seemingly infinitely adaptable combination of essentially simple elements, which are so characteristic of the Persianate civilization of the eastern Islamic world. Immensely popular over many centuries and across a huge geographical area, the ghazal was cultivated over the whole of this world, at least from quite early in the second millennium CE. Besides the vast numbers of ghazals composed in Persian itself, the genre was later also intensively cultivated in the other literatures which were heavily shaped by Persian, notably those composed in Ottoman Turkish and in Urdu.1 1 In the early mediaeval period the most prestigious form of courtly Persian poetry was the qasida, a lengthy formal ode taken over from Arabic.2 The ghazal thus seems first to have been seriously cultivated not in the courts of the sultans but at the centres of the Sufis, and one of the first and greatest collections (divan) of mystical ghazals was that composed by Jalal al-Din Rumi (d.
    [Show full text]
  • What Ralph Russell Meant and Means to Me
    francis robinson What Ralph Russell Meant and Means to Me Ralph Russell, although he most certainly would not have seen it this way, belonged to that extraordinary generation of British scholars who became Marxists at Oxford and Cambridge in the 1930s and acted as a leaven in British intellectual life for the rest of the twentieth century. He shares the company of, amongst others: Eric Hobsbawm, the historian of social banditry and industrial capitalism; E. P. Thompson, historian of the working class and nuclear disarmament activist; Rodney Hilton, historian of the late medieval peasantry; Christopher Hill, historian of the seven- teenth-century Puritan Revolution; Victor Kiernan, polymath, translator of Iqbal and Faiz, and critic of European empire; and Joseph Needham, gifted biochemist, but even more gifted creator of the extraordinary Science and Civilization in China (1954) in many volumes. Ralph shared with Hill, Kiernan, Hilton and Thompson the background of religious nonconformity (i.e., religious positions which differentiated themselves from the Anglican Church), which from the seventeenth century has been such a rich source of social and political action, and of creativity in gen- eral, in Britain. Ralph shared with Joseph Needham the distinction of having opened up an important aspect of a major world culture so that it came to be better understood, indeed valued, in the West. I can only recall meeting Ralph, and my memory usually serves me well, on three occasions, which some may feel is strange for colleagues in the same university, but the federal university of London was a strange institution. The first occasion was when Peter Reeves, then at the Uni- versity of Sussex, held a weekend workshop in the early 1970s for those interested in the world of North India.
    [Show full text]
  • Ralph Russell
    kasim dalvi Ralph Russell I had a great desire to meet Ralph Russell Sahib since the time I read Three Mughal Poets (1969) while on a flight from Bombay to Dar es Salaam back in 1970. In the spring of 1981 my wife and I moved to London from Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) for permanent settlement as British citi- zens. On my arrival in the U.K., I mentioned my desire to meet Russell Sahib to Dr. David Matthews. Dr. Matthews said ìKōʾī mushkil nahīñ, we can see him next week,î and, as promised, he took me to the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and introduced me to him. During our conversation Ralph Sahib asked me whether I had already found employment. I told him that I was looking for a post to teach English and Geography. He then asked me, ìKasim Sahib, you have your B.A. and M.A. degrees in Urdu too; would you like to teach Urdu?î I did not realize at that time that there could be a possibility for teaching Urdu in the U.K. and immediately agreed to his suggestion. Ralph Sahib then asked me if I would like to move to Manchester where there were a few vacancies for teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) and Urdu. I had to decline since it would have been difficult for me to move to Manchester at that stage. I must emphasize here that the conversation I had with Ralph Russell was reassuring for me. I was eventually successful, through the Multicul- tural Development Service (MDS), in getting a job at a senior high school in a London Borough to teach ESL to children from a diverse range of minority ethnic communities, and also to teach Urdu to children of South Asian background.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER 200 JANUARY/MARCH 2014 Price 40P, Free to Members 51St Season
    LOUGHTON AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 200 JANUARY/MARCH 2014 Price 40p, free to members www.loughtonhistoricalsociety.org.uk 51st Season The Crown Hotel forecourt, August, 1939 (see article below, ‘Loughton in colour’) The Newsletter reaches 200 – was very well known locally. This was the result of a tragic traffic accident in Oakwood Hill, Loughton. a red letter day Emily, a good friend to many, was a past Membership Secretary of the LDHS, and a contributor This issue has a red masthead to celebrate a to the Newsletter. She was widely respected locally, significant landmark: 200 issues and still going strong. not least through her leadership of various U3A Issue 194, in gold lettering, saw the celebration of our groups in Epping Forest and Roding Valley. She was first 50 years, beginning, on 16 October, 1962, as the also a proficient linguist, a published writer and poet. Chigwell Local History Society. From a typewritten and duplicated sheet the Newsletter has moved in 50 years to a publication Loughton in colour – 1939 which could not have been contemplated in the early Roger Gibbs’ old school friend, Philip Shaw, with whom he days when typesetting was the preserve of com- positors and metal type, and when to print in colour recently renewed contact, lived in Loughton in the 1940s would have needed four process blocks for each and 50s. He sent Roger the photograph on the cover, with colour for each picture and then four passes through several very evocative reminiscences. the press and would have been prohibitively My family moved to Loughton in 1943 and I have expensive many memories of the High Road as it was in the We have been the beneficiaries of a revolution in 1940s and 50s.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibadat Barelvi on Ralph Russell
    ibadat barelvi On Ralph Russell [translator’s note: This is an abridged translation of a chapter on Ralph Russell in ʿIbādāt Barēlvīís book.1 They were long-standing friends and colleagues and the chapter contains some entertaining incidents from their times together. ʿIbādāt Barēlvīís widow, Fehmida, used incidents from this chapter when she spoke at a memorial meeting for Ralph at Government College University, Lahore in September 2008. I am most grateful to Fehmida both for her warm hospitality when I stayed in their home in 1998 and for reminding me about Ghazālān-e Raʿnā and sending me a copy. In translating I have made a few editorial changes. I have shortened the telling of some incidents to avoid repetition, omitted a couple of less inter- esting passages, and moved one paragraph from near the end to earlier where it seemed to fit better. Where ʿIbādāt Barēlvī recounts Ralphís en- joyment of wordplay with Urdu expressions, the point would be lost with- out explaining the Urdu original so I have had to add a few sentences to do this. In two places I have changed the text to correct factual points. ʿIbādāt Barēlvī remembered the date of their first meeting in Delhi as ìa few months before the Partition of Indiaî (i.e. 1947), but at that time Ralph was a student in London and he did not return to India until mid-1949. I therefore altered this to ìsoon after the Partition of India.î Later ʿIbādāt Barēlvī says that Ralph returned to London where ìhe completed his studies at SOAS and gained a B.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 24 Everything Epping Forest 02/09/2013
    Everything Epping Forest Page 1 of 24 everythingeppingforest.co.uk covers the Epping Forest district in Essex and features regularly updated news - in words and pictures - has a what's on listings section to highlight local events, a Local Business Directory and a section which allows clubs and organisations to publicise their activities free of charge Home | News | Sport | Your News Views | Events - What's On Diary | Clubs - Organisations | Local Business Directory | Jobs | Food & Drink News Archive click here Sport Archive click here Tell us your news... Publicise your event... Promote your business... Have your say... Buy copies of photos that appear here... email: [email protected] tel: David Jackman on 07710 447868 02/09/2013 Everything Epping Forest Page 2 of 24 EVERYTHING EPPING FOREST MAGAZINE Click on the links for the latest e-editions Epping, Ongar, North Weald, Theydon Bois and Abridge edition - July 2013 Loughton edition - July 2013 Buckhurst Hill and Chigwell edition - July 2013 Woodford edition - July 2013 M11 delays after vehicle and trailer overturns 1.55pm - 31st July 2013 DRIVERS on the M11 near Loughton have faced delays after a vehicle and trailer overturned. The incident happened between junction 5 (Loughton) and junction 6 (M25). Three propane gas cylinders were left in a precarious position following the crash. Fire crews from Loughton and Harlow took about 25 minutes to make the area safe. Council to seek Tour de France benefits 9.41pm - 30th July 2013 EPPING Forest District Council is set to do "everything" it can to gain maximum benefits when the Tour de France passes through the district next July.
    [Show full text]