DIA co D

Single Copies: 20 Cents

VOL. XXXI, No. 10 WINNIPEG, DECEMBER 1968

JMerrp C!Cbrtstmas ~o

A social organization on an Indian The reserve is 130 miles north of of responsibility, Mr. Cochrane an­ res rve is unbeneficial without th Winnipeg. swered to another question. co-operation and contribution of th Farming is the basic mployment ' Indian people as a rule think dif­ Indians, 135 members of a Unit d within the 75,000-acre reserve. But Church Women tour of P guis In­ f rently than the white soci ty . . . only 24 farmers cultivate 6,000 of punching a card and watching th dian Reserve, in Manitoba, were told the 40,000 arable acres of land, Mr. la t spring. time to quit ... They lived off th Cochrane said. land, long before the white man And few Indians are interested in Oth rs find casual employment in came to Canada . . . they were care­ uch groups unless they have steady the city such as construction worl<. free ... they are not equipped to do job and steady wages, said a resi­ The government will assist any these things." dent of the reserve on a panel set up farmer to get at least 400 acres of to answer questions from the Win­ land if he already has equipment and But that does not m ean they ar nipeg visitors. enough s ed to develop the land. not willing or capable to work. Every society - white as well as Indian - He was replying to a woman who An Indian must work a piece of has its "lazy, good-for-nothings, ' h asked whether the band would set land for four years and show con­ aid. up an art club, if the United Church siderable improvement in the land women helped supply materials. befor he can apply for a certificate The meeting with the 11 Indians of possession to the chief in counciL on the panel was held in the com­ Walter Cochrane, an Indian who i munity club of the reserve, as was a community education officer on th The department of Indian affairs will loan up to $50,000 to a farmer luncheon for the visiting guests. The reserve, told the visiting group social club was built from 1964 to 1967 at organization at the reserve included to further develop his land, but it will not provide the initial funds. a cost of $30,000 raised by the people a band council of five members, a of the reserve, except for a grant of youth club of 64 members, a com­ A young fellow has to get out $5,000 from the band council, and a munity club council and support and work (probably in Winnipeg) $3,200 centennial corporation grant. group of 15 member , a one-month­ and sav money on his own ... to old handicraft guild, and plans for a prove himself firs ," said Mr. Bear. youth group to study and preserve Indian culture. Employment seems to be the big­ gest problem at the reserve. Students ' A Boy Scout group failed a fe continue a high school education at years ago; there are no Girl Guides, Winnipeg public chools, and after­ and no Sunday school taught in any wards work in the city since there of the three Anglican churches on are no jobs for them at the reserve. the reserve," he aid. As well, adults who take upgrading A question posed to the Indians courses must come to the city to asked whether organizations such study and to work. as the scouts, guides or Sunday One solution to the problem would school designed to help youth learn be to bring industry to the reserve, to handle today's problems could be Mr. Cochrane said. incorporated into the school system. Building a clothing factory on the Tom Bear, a farmer on the reserve, reserve has been suggested. It would answered such classes would not b employ about 80 women to stitch possible before or after school hours, pre-cut clothes. But organizers were b cause many children already left having difficulty finding a "manu­ home at 8 a.m. to catch a school bus, facturer to make a committment," and only returned home at 5 p.m. he said. Although Indians don't have to The 24-room school at the reserv pay income taxes if they work on serves 600 white and Indian children the reserve, only 22 men of those from Peguis Reserve, Fisher Branch who have permanent jobs on Peguis Reserve and surrounding areas, from Reserve, don't pay income tax, said kindergarten to Grade 9. Mrs. Cochrane. Mrs. Walter Cochrane said th Her husband said the employment reserve lacked "social workers and problem on his reserve couldn't be people to donate their time to start compared to the problems in north­ such groups." ern reserves where there is no ' It's very hard for people who economy at all - "You cant grow haven't got steady employment and a thing.'' steady wages to spend time on such Yes, most Indian peopl will "stick things, ' said another member. to a job," and do have a fine sense

INDIAN RECORD REV. G. LA VI OLETTE, O.M.I. 11 PI KANGI KUM," is the title Editor and Manager of a recent National Film Board 504 Scott Bldg., 272 Main St. Ph . 943-6071 Area Code 204 Winnipeg 1, Man. release on Indians. The film is Subscription Rate: $2.00 a Year one in a series "Challenge for Printed by Canadian Publishers Ltd., Winnipeg, Mon. Change." The above drawing is Authorized as Second Closs Moil, Post Office Dept., Ottowa, Canada, by t he Canadian artist John and for payment of postage in cosh. Gould. DECEMBER 1968 INDIAN RECORD Page 3 Youth Told To Define Own Ills, Then Act Canada's Indian must tart r cog­ To Mr. Chartrand, a form r oun­ "I don t think thi n c aril nizing th ir own problems instead of llor with th Indian and M ti o.' a cepting a difficulti what r Friend hip Centre, th logi al wa Indian r in th Canada of whit xp rts tell th m has to b to adjust conditions and adjust th tomorrow will ontinu to xist, Mr. correct d. Indian to contemporar ociety i : Chartrand aid "unl s th Indian Thi is th vi w of on of th ' . . . to r olv our difficulti them el d cid to do away with organizer of MANY, the Manibota among our elves and then to con­ th m .' A sociation of Native Youth. Th front th whit man and cr ate a - Winnipeg Tribun group was incorporat d in Winnip g m aningful dialogu . ' arli r thi fall and is th first on But pr nt Indian organization of it kind in Canada. ar largely outmod d for thi pur­ Nov. 9 we kend it h ld its fir t po , Mr. Chartrand aid. Man. Minister organizational conf r nc at th How v r, dialogue will com and Winnip g YMCA. Thirty d legate its result will b po itiv . from Indian and Metis y o u n g "For th tim b ing I would sa Fears Fed era I p ople' groups acros th provinc w hav to go into a kind of para­ attended. ti m from Canadian ociet . W mu t find our lves and mak sur 'W hav to d fin th thing w 're not lo ing our cultural id n­ Intentions that ar wrong with the Indian and tity. Metis in today's ociety ours lv "One w hav pre r d it th r ' Manitoba' H a 1 t h M i n i t r and then start working on the prob­ probably going to b a merg r with org John on la t month x- lems," Allan Chartrand, 22, MA Y th mainstr am of Canadian o- pr d cone rn ov r f d ral govern- vice-pr sident said in an int rview ci ty." m nt intention on M dicare. with th Winnipeg Tribun . What about militant Red Pow r In relation to how th program "Ther 's no point blaming h advocat s among Indians? will aff ct the nativ p oples, Dr. white man for our troubl s all th "Ther are orne, of cour . Thy John on i u d th following tat - time. Why not blam our elv ay viol nc i th onl way of get­ too?" ting yourself li ten d to th da Manitoba gov rnm nt con­ to b surpris d and amaz d CHRETIEN WINS TRUST inability of th f deral go - rnm nt to meet with the province in an effort to com to a clear un­ derstanding of th probl m of Indians' Suspicions Dispelled thos Indian peopl who are ither unable, or face insurmountabl dif­ Suspicion and mistrust among tional me ting schedul d t ntativ ly ficulties, in haring in the economic Manitoba's Indian 1 ader over r - for Winnipeg c. 9. and ocial advanc of Canadians. organization in the Indian Affair Chi f Courch n said lack of com­ W had, in cone rt with Alberta epartment were dispell d after munication with Ottawa had b n and Saskatchewan, arranged for a informal talk with Indian Affair a big problem with past administra­ m ting in Regina with the federal Minister Jean Chr ti n in Winnip g tions which go erned "from th 15th m i n i s t r of Indian Affair and ov. . floor." H said th Indian peopl North rn R ourc s. W had asked Committing his d partment to have had to d al with at 1 ast 10 th mini t r to invite hi colleague, allow Indians mor pow r to mak Indian Affairs minister in a v r th minist r of 'H alth and W lfare, decisions at the community 1 v 1, hort tim and this could b frus­ to th s meetings. Th s me ting Mr. Chretien mad his first trip to trating. have be n postpon d repeatedly at Manitoba to meet with Indian lead- Ask d if his own d partm nt had th request of th federal minister rs, a successful one. fuhly ace pted th sudd n change , of Indian Affair , from February Y , I must say I trust th guy," Mr. Chretien aid som had and 196 to June 196 , to August 196 aid Chief Dave Courchene, pr si­ ome hadn' t. H added that, whil to an ind finit date in Nov mber d nt of the Manitoba Indian Broth r­ Indian s emed afraid they wer 196 . hood, after m eting at the Interna­ b coming part of a northern affair tional Inn. When a s k e d if hi program, Eskimo on the other hand pati nee quailed hi trust, Mr. w r also afraid they w r becom­ Courchen r plied, ' only tim will ing part of an Indian-ori nt d d - t ll. partm nt. Pointing out that h wa Fr nch "We fe 1 th Indian and E kimo Canadian, Mr. Chreti n first mad om tim s shar the am probl m," th Indian 1 aders aware h knew aid Mr. Chr tien. 'P rhap on can the probl ms of a minority. Th h lp th oth r." departm nt s r organization, h said, Probl ms of th Land Claim Act, was to improve administration at ducation, conomics, a pos ible In­ all 1 vels and top th duplication dian commission and the ace s of of effort from ov rlapping d part­ Indian to all facili ti a ailabl to m nt . th whit man w r discuss d lat r. Mr. Courch n , who job a chi f "I will be l xibl ," promi d Mr. Chr ti n. "And my department will arn him $20 annually, aid th Indian fi rc ly clings to his r s rva­ be on its to . I hav told Mr. Cour- tion land for it i all that r main h n that h r ach m an of a country h one owned. Th tim , anywh r .' took his land and prid and gav Th minist r will ompl t plan­ him a cro in r turn, lam nt d Mr. n d consultations with oth r Indian Courch n . inc in 1 ad r aero Canada b for a na- - W i nnip g F r P re Page 4 INDIAN RECORD DECEMBER l 968

A qonqu·n c Leqen By Wallace H. Robb

HAnangoka! A nang! 0 Wabanong! look was the look of the rising sun like a sentinel of God, to lift th tarry Night! 0 , Star of the Ea t !" - piercing as a sword! He sat apart, eyes of earth to a realm of cloudless alone, and heard no word of Jesu , calm, which, save for him, was sun­ It was in the days of "Vineland' , until, one day, he couldn't help lit, summer sky in azure void; or a thousand years ago, when Chris­ watching and hearing a charming was it that, being thus endowed, h tianity was young in Europe, that white maiden telling some children had, also, a power of soft and har­ Vikings in romantic ships came up a dreamlike story in his own tongue, monious expression which betrayed out of the far Laurentian Sea into and shyly looking his way, knowing the innermost beauty of his heart, the River of the Iroquois and even that he was listening. It was about discovering to her the purity in the unto the Bay of Quinte. a Manitou child born on a bed of plaintive yearning hidden by hi Several ships remained on th boughs beneath a mystic star. His aloofness, but unbidden in his eyes? Quinte for a season or two at Dese­ eyes grew soft with wonder. Silently 'Inashia" he would half sing to her. ronto (meaning Thunder and Light­ he drew nearer, listening with en­ And she loved him. ning) and the White Folk told the chantment in his heart. His gaze was It became the habit of Inakona to Indians about Jesus and a beautiful long upon her, and her lovely voice take Inashia for a paddle on th story of the starry night when Christ was as the sweet and soothing sound still waters of twilight. Their canoe, was born. of many bluebirds in migration. like a leaf on a pool of gloaming Deseronto was an Iroquois place Then a strange thing happened: enthralled with the lure of dusk, for the Bay of Quinte was considered he lov d this Viking maid with an drifted down their eventides and a part of the great Iroquoian Sea overwhelming passion of divine tranquil, all the summer long. Thu now called Lake Ontario. Wealth of purity and vision! He arose, sil need there waxed a love between them wild life, safe waters and seclusion her! with a gesture, and named her only Heaven could dare to stem. made the Iroquois jealous of thi Inashia - Mino Inashia - meaning, "Inashia' Fair she was, so impulsive, beautiful bay of peace and plenty, "You inspire me to good actions" . gentle in her laughter, full of glad but, there being no war in the land, She was captivated, heart and song to the silent rhythm of his and inasmuch as rumours of big soul, when he transposed for her paddle in the moonlight. Thus there white magic among th stars had the White Man s tale of the bir th of grew an adoration all unmindful of spread, Indian fashion, on the winds Jesus, retelling it himself to th the autumn. of Red Man imagination, strange children in poetical signs and sym­ One morning, early in Septembe:r, moccasins tramped on the Quint bols of the Red Man's way. His when hurrying to entertain some trail. Curiosity brought Algonquin magnetic power made her afraid, children with a story, her pathway from afar to see these Vikings and but his wild radiance persuaded he r was suddenly blocked by Inakona, their ships like swans that swam - and she loved him. On the spur who held her prisoner, demanding with the wings of the wind - white of the moment he told her that his a song, Come sing me, Inashia, a swans from another world! Great, nam was Inakona - 'My voice i melody of rising morning; sing a white swans, and under the spell o her light' . laughing song and merry. Ah yes, Mino Manitou, The Good, bearing, Perhaps sh loved him because fair Inashia! I do o love to hear as they did, a rose-white peopl with he walked the forest with the stride your laughter, it reminds me of the raiment fair to see! and stature of the serried pines, or bluebirds - and the budding spring, So, there came a young Algonquin was it that he was being aware of long since departed.' Chi ftain, whose brow was noble, his inspiration, ser ne as a biUowing So she sang, composing playfully whose heart was clean, and whose thunderh ad rising in rolling purity as she went along and teasing him DECEMBER 1968 INDIAN RECORD with the whim ical laught r that he lov d: All the raucous crows laugh, ' Caw, caw, caw caw!' All the noi y boys laugh, "Haw, haw, haw, haw! ' loomy owls at night laugh, 'Ko, - 0, ko, o!" Big, fat, jolly m n laugh ' Ho, ho, ho, ho!" But maid n laugh so m rril V rily verily, erily, Ha, ha, ha, ha, m rril , Lik a blu bird ong. But maidens laugh so m rril , Verily, verily, v rily, Ha, ha, ha, ha, merrily, Like a blu bird song. Ha, ha, ha, ha, verily Lik a blu bird ong, Ha, ha, ha, ha, merrily, Lik a blu bird song . Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! When she ran, h r laughter fading away with her, h stood looking ov r the wat r, unseeing, ntranc d. Thus things went. Even th tang of early autumn m d to g t it joyous song from Inashia and it urg from Inakona. Inspiration of the morning. Hill of mapl all on fire. But natur pok differ ntl to Inashia's father, lead r of th Whit Folk; he aw warning in th oon of Falling l a s. Soon th reafter, and with promi to com back, perchanc th follow­ ing year - th Viking d c nd d to th sea. No one had n th w ping Inashia, sav a wordl s Inakona. Baffled by th Whit Man' way, h gave his angui h quiet, Indianwi and the blu bird murmur d tumn, winnow d parting to wat r. "Inashia. Inashia." "I'll return, oh, Inakona! ' Only th timeles hemlock had h ard and whisper d cho to th ir ighing threnod o lov . * * *

His brow was noble, his heart was clean, and his look was the look of the rising sun - piercing as a sword. Page 6 INDIAN RECORD DECEMBER 1968 lEA Told About "Company Store" Indians

An loqu nt Indian woman Mr . McRae did not criticize th cial polic detachm nt ar of a iz charg d Sept. 21 that conditions sim­ peopl of the north rn commu­ far out of proportion to population ilar to those of th "company tor ," nitie for the plight of her peopl , and th r is ' an ab enc of an to which th tragic cr atur of th but rath r the federal Indian affair visible sign of Indian affair branch ong ow d his soul, pr ail among branch, which, he aid, is respon­ official ." Indians at Armstrong and oth r sibl for much of the "mi ry" in 'Th r ha v be n instanc of orth rn Ontario ttl m nt . the liv of Canadian Indians. polic brutality to Indian p opl ," The owner of th g neral tore at 'Th people of Canada ar only he claim d. Armstrong is also th local LCB dimly awar of how badly th affairs of the Indians are adm1n1st red in In Armstrong, the larg t building agent, th ju tic of th peac , a in th community of 300 i not th tourist operator and a labor con­ this country, particularly in mid­ northern points," sh aid. chool or church but th OPP build­ tractor for gov rnm nt ag nci lik ing. There are 23 Indian famili Ontario Hydro. "W believ it mu t b th r ol of li ing in qualor as squatt r on Indians living mainly th association to docum nt and x­ Crown land n ar the town, having buy on credit at the tor pos th erious inad quaci on th abandon d their r er ation b cau cases, a man's wag s ar merel part of the branch which has b n th y could not surviv th r . appli d against hi bill, aid Mr re pon ible for so much mi r on th part of my people." Th ir shack ar "certainly unfi Yvonn McRa of Port Arthur. for habitation" and th y liv on w 1- "Th fact of the matter i that far and occasional labor for sub­ Th man g ts a f , a j usti of treaty Indians in Ontario hav been ontractors employed by th Ontario the p ac , for very warrant issu d, d nied ace ss to our public school government. ' which might b drunkenne s from y t m - Indian childr n from five the liquor he s 11 ," sh told th up are b ing shipp d 300 to 1,500 runkenn s , child n gl ct and third annual conference of th On­ mil s from home, and they can't other squalid conditions that hav tario division, Indian-Eskimo Asso­ ven g t home for Chri tma ," Mr . existed over a p riod of time hav ciation of Canada, h ld in London. McRae aid. b en ignored by "all appropriat She is a dir ctor of its Lak h ad agenci s concerned." chapter. She plac d th blame on "the utter failur of th Indian affairs branch "It is rare to find u pervisor "H is th most promin nt citiz n to come to grips with thes condi­ official who display any real affec­ and I am not speaking of a viciou tions in North rn Ontario." tion for the I ndian people," Mr . individual," Mrs. McRae aid. "Con­ McRae said, and, when th r i on , ditions are so bad that this ntr - Indians in places lik Long Lac, he is so frustrated by bureaucrat preneur, far from b ing an ogre, ac­ Geraldton and Red Lake subsist in Toronto and Ottawa that he giv tually i providing a much-n d d largely on welfare handouts; they up in despair. er ic for th community. have an alcoholism problem; provin- Within the la t y ar ther was on Indian affairs official in the field who tried to work with the p opl He resigned last week in utter di - Claim Treatment Unfair couragem nt, he said. "The clos r his working relation- Th Ontario Human Right Com­ share cafeteria faciliti s with oth r hip became with the Indians and mission will investigate charges of workers. interested community groups, th discrimination against Indians of th Mr. Hill said the commission' mor strained his relationship with Constanc Lak band n ar H arst. repres ntative would check with th department officials in Toronto." Daniel Hill, director of th com­ chief of the Constanc Lake band - London Free Press mission, ord r d the inv stigation in and with the Indian repres ntativ eptemb r after complaint of di - in th area. crimination wer r c e i d from Hearst Mayor R n Fontain d - Louis Bird, 24, a Cr . H charg d nied, on contact, th re was discrimi­ that Indians w re b ing discrimi­ nation against Indians in his com­ Officials Study nated again t in employment and munity. mistr at d by town r sidents. He aid he had n ver s en Indian Relocation beaten up on the streets of Hearst. As spokesman for Indian of th Manitoba government and Mani­ Th y were not discriminat d against Constanc Lake band, Mr. Bird mad toba Hydro officials w nt to Grand in bars or public places, and Indian a brief trip to Toronto to lodg th Rapids in mid-Octob r to look into children att nd school in H arst. complaint b for th commission. r ports that member of an Indian He aid friend financed the trip. H said that Indian at the aw­ band in th area want to b r turn d mill do not work on any more dan­ to th ir original r s rve. H alleged Indians could not go g rous jobs than Fr nch-sp aking into town without "b ing beat n up work rs and that a check of the pay­ They were r s tU.ed in '962 wh n or thrown in jail." roll showed that th y are paid th the Grand Rapids pow r proj ct wa H al o claim d a awmill in arne rates as other work rs in their built and it wa f ar d the ar a - H arst, wher a numb r of Indian job . Indian w re b ing transported h mahawin at the we t end of work, pays th m about 30 c nts an to work by bus for a charge of 10 C dar Lak - would b flooded a hour 1 than French-Canadian c nts a ride, h said. the dam backed up th lake water. work r . H aid Indian ar tran - Chi f Bert Suth rland of the Con­ Th Indian invol d ar par o port d to and from work in op n tanc Lak band and other leading th 300 h ad Shemahawin band, who truck , whil other worker ride in poke men of the band wer on a now live in Eastervill , a n w ttl - bu . Indian ar given th mo moo · hunt and could no b reach d m n t arrang d for th m 35 mil dang rou job and not allow d to for comm nt. we t of rand Rapid . DECEMBER 1968 INDIAN RECORD Page 7

®ur

On these live pages you will lind the Joylul Mysteries set down in the lorm ol scripture - an inspira­ tional reminder ol the meditations underlying the murmured Aves.

Clip them1 and let them guide you to more meaningful prayer.

Scriptural )\osarr First Joyful Mystery 'The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee/ and the power of the Most H igh THE ANNUNCIATION Part I shall overshadow thee: Our~ F ath e r L11ke 1:35 Hail~ Mary

The angel Gabriel was sent from God 'And therefore the Holy One to be born/ to a virgin,/ shall be called the Son of God.• and the virgin's name was Mary. ...~A Luke 1:35 L uke 1:26, 27 Hai l ~ Mary Hail~Mary 'Behold the handmaid of the Lord; / 'Hail full of grace, the Lord is with be it done to me according to thy thee./ word.' Blessed are thou among women.' l.wke 1:3 Lttke 1:28 Hail ~Mary Hail Mary Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, When she h ad heard him she was and to the Holy Spirit./ As it was troubled at his word,/ in the beginning, is now, and kept pondering what manner of and ever shall be, greeting this might be. L11ke 1:29 wor l d without H ail~Mary end. A men. 'He shall be great, and shall be called And the angel said to her, 'Do not be the Son of the Most High;/ afraid, Mary,/ and of his kingdom there shall be Editors ote : This is one of the 15 decade for thou hast found grace with God.' no end.' of the crip tural R osary a modern ver ion ...~ L1,ke 1:30 ...~ Luke 1:32, 33 of the way the Rosary was once prayed in Hail ~ Mary Hail ~Mary the Middle Age . We are presenting the complete criptural Rosary in 15 install­ 'Behold, thou shalt conceive in thy But Mary said to t e angel, 'How ments a a service to our readers. You are shall this happen,/ invited to ave these meditation for f utur womb and shalt bring forth a son/ use. and thou shalt call his name Jesus.' since I do not know man?' Luke 1:31 L11kt! 1:3-1 H a il~ Mary Hail ~ Mary Page 8 INDIAN RECORD

Second Joyful Mystery .Scrtptural )\osarr 'He has shown might with his arm,/ THE VISITATION he has scattered the proud in the Our il. Father conceit of their heart.' Pa rt 2 L1tke 1:51 H ai l .~Mary Now Mary went into the hill country./ And she entered the house of Zachary 'He has put down the n1ighty from their · and saluted Elizabeth. thrones,/ ·y L11la 1 :39 40 and has exalted the lowly.' HaiL~. Mary Lulte 1:52 Hail ill:. Mary When Elizabeth heard the greeting of Mary, the babe in her womb leapt./ 'He has filled the hungry with good And she was filled with the Holy Spirit. things/ ....."Y Luke 1 :41 and the rich he has sent away empty.' Hail~Mary ..;.""¥ Luke 1:53 Hail ~ Mary And she cried out, 'Blessed are thou among women/ Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb!' and to the Holy Spirit./ As it was L11ke 1:42 in the beginning, is now, H ail ir.Mary and ever shall be, world without ·And blessed is she who has believed,/ end. Amen. because the things promised her by 'For, behold, henceforth all generations· J!:T· the Lord shall be accomplished.' shall call me blessed;/ ....."Y Luke 1:45 for he who is mighty has done great HailU\. Mary Editors Note: This is one of th e 15 decade things for me.' of the Scriptural Rosary, a modern version Luke 1:48, 49 of th e way the Rosary was once prayed in And Mary said, 'My soul magnifies the · Hail:~ Mary the Middle Ages. We are presenting the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in complete Scriptural Rosary in 15 install­ ments as a service to our readers. You are God my Savior;/ 'And holy is his name;/ invited to save th ese meditations for future for he has regarded the lowliness of and his mercy is from generation to use. his handmaid.' generation on those who fear him.' .....'Y Luke 1 :46-48 ...'Y L11ke 1:49, 50 Hail ~ Mary Hail ihMary

(To make your own booklet of the Joyful Mysteries,

cut covers of Iightweight co rdboa rd or construction

paper. Paste fifth decade to inside back cover.

Attach covers with string, rings or staples DECEMBER 1968 Page 9

Scriptural )\osarl'

Third Joyful Mystery And behold, Magi came from the East,/ THE NATIVITY and entering they found the child Part 3 with Mary his mother. Our* Father Matt. 2:1, 11 Hail* Mary ? It came to pass while they were 1n Bethlehem,/ And falling down they worshipped him./ that the days for her to be delivered And they offered him gifts of gold, were fulfilled. L 11 ke 2:6 frankincense and myrrh. Hail *Mary Matt. 2:11 ·Hail* Mary And she brought forth her firstborn son,/ And Mary kept in mind all these things,/ and wrapped him in swaddling clothes. pondering them in her heart. L1tk e 2:7 Luke 2:19 Hail* Mary Hail* Mary

And she laid him in a manger,/ Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, because there was no room for them and to the Holy Spirit./ As it was in the inn. in the beginning, is now, Luke 2:7 and ever shall be, Hail *Mary world without end. Amen. And there were shepherds in the same g district./ 'For today in the town of David a And behold, an angel of the lord Savior has been born to you,/ Editor' ote : This is one of the I 5 decades stood by them. who is Christ the lord.' 'of th e Scriptural R osary a modern version Luke 2: 8, 9 LHke 2:11. of the Hay the R osary was once prayed in Hail *Mary Hail *Mary the Middle Ages. W e are presenting the complete Scriptural R osar; in 15 install­ 'Do not afraid, for behold, I bring 'Glory to God in the highest,/ m ents a a ser vice to our readers. You are be in vited to save these m editations for f utur you good news of great joy I and on earth peace to men of good use. which shall be to all the people! will.' L11/?e 2:10 Luke 2 :J.I Hail *Mary Hail *Mary Page 10 INDIAN RECORD DECEMBER 1968 Scriptural )\osarr Fourth Joyful Mystery And he said to Mary, 'Behold, this child THE PRESENTATION is destined for the fall and for the rise of many in Israel,/ Our¢ Father Part 4 and for a sign that shall be contra­ dicted.' According to the Law of Moses, they took Luke 2:34 Jesus up to Jerusalem/ Hail¢ Mary to present him to the Lord. Luke 2:32 'And thy own soul a sword shall pierce,/ Hail¢ Mary that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.' ow there was in Jerusalem a man Luke 2:35 named Simeon,/ Hail¢ Mary and this man was just and devout, look­ ing for the consolation of Israel. And they returned to Nazareth. And the Lttke 2:25 child grew and became strong,/ Hail¢ Mary and the grace of God was upon him. Luke 2:39, 40 And it had been revealed to him that he H ail¢ Mary should not see death/ before he had seen the Christ of the Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, Lord. and to the Holy Spirit./ As it was in the Luke 2:26 beginning, is now, and ever shall be, Hail¢ Mary world without erid. Amen. And when they brought in the child ~ Jesus, he received him into his 'Because my eyes have seen thy salva­ arms/ tion,/ Editor's ote: This is one of the 15 decades which thou hast prepared before the of the Scriptural R osary a modern version and blessed God. of the way the R osary was once prayed in Luke 2:27, 28 face of all peoples.' the .Middle Ages. We are presenting r the Hail¢ Mary Luke 2:30, 31 complete Scriptural R osary in 15 install­ H ail¢ Mary ments as a service to our readers. Yo u are 'Now thou dost dismiss thy servant, 0 invited to save these meditations for fut:!re Lord,/ 'A light of revelation to the Gentiles,/ use. according to thy word, in peace.' and a glory for thy people Israel.' Luke 2:29 L uke 2:32 Hail¢ Mary H ail¢ Mary

Algonquin . Christmas Legend

- Continued from Poge 5 powerful essen tials. Consequently, Of Manitou Anang, when Inakona had translated for f Mino Wabanong - th Star! Thus, in this place, warmed by the Inashia, he had sung it thus: Anong! Anong. Anong!" bodies of the gentle de r of the 'Anangoka - Starry ight! Oh Anangoka - Starry Night. forest, The Manitou of Peace was Anang! 0 Wabanong! born to man-most-wild. Anang Mino Wabanong - Th Indian ora tors kn w th potenc Manitou Star in the East!" After another impressive silence, of fitting pause, so, Inakona stood So, now, breaking th silence to ilent in the fitful night - thinking: during which the awestruck circle continue again, h sang for his gazed upon this youthful Chi f as "Starry Night, Holy ight, Star people this song of Three Chi f­ though he were a thing apart, some of th East!" Inashia used to sing, tains, fishing in a pool in the ice, ort of human god whom absence and the young Chieftain had listened huddled together with h ads down: · had enlight ned beyond ken, he and choed, 'Anangoka! Anang Three Mighty Hunters, on the ic , spoke again: Wabanong - Mino Wabanong - Th Good Sign in th East!' for h Fished through the night, alon , The Thr e Chieftains, trailing And there appeared a strange devic , loved Inashia and h r song of the Anang Wabanong, found the starlit A star that brightly hone, Three Wis Men and the sheph r ds deer lodge, and found Gwengowea who watched their flocks by night. S ren and cool strangely expecting them and th ir Upon their pool, gifts according to Indian custom. In the shadowy stillnes , gather­ ne star - and one alone. ing his thought for the br vity and Nor did they marvel at her wisdom One star r fleeted in th hole, and foreknow! dge of th ir coming. b auty Indian expression, he wa That gave its darksom deep a soul! himself a thing of strength and Chief Feath r Foot pr sented a beauty, like a tree in th ir midst. Upon th starlit, tranquil night, small store corn-mill for flour; Indian po ts didn't both r much A Spirit voice then rang, Chief Eagle Owl gave a b aten about d tails; th pictur only '' our mocca ins hall trail the light virgin-copper tomahawk for fuel, DECEM BER 1968 INDIAN RECORD Page 11

Scriptural )\osarr Fifth Joyful Mystery And they did not understand/ THE FINDING OF JESUS the word that he spoke ro them. lN THE TEMPLE Luke 2:50 Part 5 H ail W Mary Our W Father And he went down with them and came When Jesus was twelve years old, they to Nazareth/ went up to Jerusalem/ and was subject to them. according to the custom of the feast. Lake 2:51 L ttke 2:42 H ai l !W Mary Hail W Mary And Jesus advanced in wisdom and age And when they were returning, the boy and grace/ Jesus remained in Jerusalem/ before God and men. and his parents did not know it. Luke 2:52 m Luke 2:43 Hail.W Mary Hail * Mary

They returned to Jerusalem m search Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, of him./ and to the Holy Spirit./ As it was And after three days, they found him in the beginning, is now, in the temple. a nd ever shall be, m Luke 2: 45, 46 world without Hail * Mary end. Amen. He was sitting in the midst of the teachers,/ 'Son, why hast thou done so to us? / listening to them and asking them Behold, in sorrow thy father and I Editor's ote : This is one of the 15 decades questions. have been seeking thee.' of the Scriptural Rosary a modern version L11!U 2 :46 Luke 2:48 of the way the Rosary was once prayed in Hail !W Mary HailWMary the Middle Ages. We are presenting the complete Scriptural Rosary in 15 install­ ments as a service to our readers. You are And all who were listening to him were 'How is it that you sought me? I invited to ave these meditations for future amazed/ Did you not know that I must be use. at his understanding and his answers. about my Father's business?' Luke 2:47 LrJke 2:49 Hail W .Mary H ail W! Mary

Legend ... the most precious thing he had, and straightway took the trail to th tou, that Orioles might sing th song which he had got at great price in place of ' Thunder and Lightning', he never now could know. trading with remote tribes north of Deseronto, there to await his Ina­ He went often to the place of the the greatest of fresh water, inland shia - but the maiden came not Oriole, high on a rocky ledge over­ seas; for food and fuel these tokens again from out that far and Viking looking the River of the Iroquoi were, they were matched and given Sea. down which his fate forever held meaning by th present of Chief Only vague rumours of wars and him bound, and there, with trees, Far Voice, who brought the sign of worries and convents! Convents! birds and flowers alone to hear him, light, a firebow and its kindling Inashia had taken the "Veil of he sang perchance to some far soar­ arrow, to loose the sun within the Thorns" - sh was a nun! in token ing osprey in the blue: lodge, make free wood's blessed of which she had sent to Inakona, power - all of them symbols of life by a wild trader into 'Vineland", a Th River of the Iroquois and peace among men. long and flaxen braid of her hair! F lows to its Viking Sea, Woven beauty ineffable - fraught And on a height Algonquin stands "Anangoka! Anang Mino Waba­ And views it silently, nong ! ' sang Inakona in conclusion. with soul she knew he'd know. And he knew! 'I'll return, oh, m y be­ Then down the winding wav s Thus did Inakona finish. His peo­ b speak ple were moved with beauty up­ loved! " he remembered. Fain sh would have - that he knew. A shore they pass - oh, spoken. Far over hills went his wistfully! - story. And fr om far came the people The land was warm and quicken­ To murmur at a maiden's feet, to hear him. All winter , again and ing with spring. Came the Oriole, Ah, sweet and endlessly! again, came the people. All the beloved of Inashia, Golden Robin, winter was filled with his telling. flashing song. Then did Inakona The silence of its winding flow, The Moon of Beebon tarried and break the golden strands and giv Too deep for sound, so far below, m elted, then, away. Long was th them to the birds to build a nest. The Chieftain s s and blesses, waiting for Inakona. And, in the She had given him the sign of her '0 Timeless Iroquoian Stream, waxing moon of Budding Trees, h love, h e would give it back to Mani· - Concluded on Page 1 3 Page 12 INDIAN RECORD DECEMBER 1968 Freedom Charter Pro ised by NEIL REYNOL dee med to be a juvenile delinquent." prevents th m from pledging their It's automatic. There's no court­ own personal property as security In 1749, the Mississaugas wer r oom appearance, no magistrate no for loans; nor is a band, as an entity, threatening to take their beaver judge and jury. Any Indian child permitted to do so. pelts across the lake to the English who's kicked out of school - what- • The Indian Act determines at Oswego and so the French slapped ver the cause - acquires an un­ who's an Indian and who's not and together a saloon in the wilderness cont sted criminal record. it does so with wanton disregard for and called it Toronto. • An Indian does not have the biology. For a while it was the best drink­ right - possessed by every other The easiest way for an Indian to ing hole in the New World. From Canadian - to get drunk in his own become a non-Indian is "enfranchise­ spruce beer at a half-penny a quart house. ment" - a simple declaration by an to th best French wines and The liquor regulations of the In­ Indian man that he wants out. He brandies, there was lots for every­ dian Act are justifiably notorious. waps his rights and privileges as body, especially the Mississaugas. Despite relaxation of the rul s by an Indian, r ceive a per-capita share That's the way it went, as the both federal and provincial govern­ of his band's ass ts and gets off the great whit colonialists begged, ments many inequities remain. reserve. bullied, bartered, bribed and boozed For example, fewer than 200 of • An Indian girl who marries a their way to new Indian alliances. Canada's 558 bands have the sp cial non-Indian under the terms of the An incredible legacy of those day proclamations from Her Majesty's act - even if he is, biologically, a still remains in Canada, embodied Government permitting members of full-blooded Indian - automatically in federal legislation called the In­ the band to tak liquor on to th becomes a non-Indian herself. dian Act. But today, more than two reserves and to their homes. • In th sole exception to the gen­ • A white woman who marries an centuries later, a commitment to the Indian becomes an Indian. need for radical change prevails and eral prohibition of "intoxicants" on the Indian Act will soon disappear, th reserv - at times of sickness or These are laws of the land. In unmourned, into history. accident - the Indian Act places the practice, successiv ministers of In­ There will be a new Indian Act burden of proof on the accused. dian Affairs have tempered their ad­ - although it will probably have a Other Canadians are deemed inno­ ministration of them with a personal different name, for the old one ha cent of an offence until proven sense of justice. become synonymous with bureau­ guilty. But their offensive pres nee in th cracy and paternalism - and when • Indians hav no ready way to act has itself become the weapon, by it comes it will be a charter of free­ stablish credit accounts - the act - Continued on Page 13 dom for 250,000 Indians. The driving force for change is a young, energetic Joseph Jacques Jean Chretien, who at 35 holds th politically sensitive Indian Affairs LI'L SISTERS By Bill O'Malley portfolio although he's been in· Otta­ wa only three years. Jean Chretien calls hims lf "a very poor colonialist" and he's de­ termined to rid himself of the bulk of his responsibilities: The adminis­ tration of imposed solutions to the day-to-day problems that arise on Canada's 6,000,000 acres of Indian reserves. The radical change that Chretien proposes is paradoxically simple: Let the Indians make their own d - cisions. Typically, one of Chreti n's first decisions as minister of In ian Af­ fairs - he's held the job only four months - was to hire Billy Mussell, 29, a university graduate. Billy Mussell holds the title of spe­ cial assistant and he works from a spacious, panelled office just down the carpeted corridor from Chretien. What makes him special is his un­ derstanding of what Chretien's ef­ forts are all about because Billy Mussell is a Skawah Indian from Chilliwack, B.C. Mussell grew up on the Skawah R serve and after he got his BA, was elected chief of the band. He knows all about th Indian Act. Here are some of its mor infa­ mous provisions: • An Indian child uspended or x p e 11 e d from school " hall be '' BUT.~ SISTER -IT'S TH E ONLY ONE WE COULD GET. '' DECEMBER 1968 INDIAN RECORD Page 13 Freedom Charter Promised - Continued from Page 12 an," Chretien ay "I want thi quir s mini terial approval. In th o­ ry, Chretien is personally respon­ vhich the act will ultimat ly b busine s returned to th Indian people. ' sible for very cent sp nt by th 55 destroyed. band councils across th nation. In Chretien i equa'ny committed to Her are a few of th p r onal r - ponsibilities that th Indian Act practice, the minister approv d - the elimination of other parts of th tailed budgets. act that govern in pr cise detail gives Chretien: what Indians may or may not do to • If an Indian wants to lease a R c ntly, bands that wish d th administer th ir own liv s. cottag for th summer, Chretien authority to manag their own must sign the 1 ase to mak it legal. money, about 180 so far, hav b n Chretien ha r f rred to th act a (Th r ar now 9,000 1 as and per­ grant d permission to do so. 'a municipal act, an elections act, an mits with ministerial signatures in states act, an ducation act, a xistence, many of them r quiring • The act giv s Chretien xclu iv liquor act and a trusts act, all in renewal annually. responsibility for wills - and th one." • A band council's d cision to authority if he wish s to xerci it, "We will change this a fast as w pend, say, $5 for thr brooms r - of a probate court in ttling con­ t sted wills. What powers do th band council hav ? Well, the act settles that ques­ tion, too, and its authors saw fit to include such diverse responsibilitie as destruction of noxious weeds, the Algonquin Christmas Legend "control and prohibition" of sports, races 'and other amusem nts," the construction of bridges, ditch and - Continued from Page 1 1 cro s on a flat, red tone, then fac d th s tting sun, to sing hi evening fences and super ision of b ek ep­ Roll down to your Laurentian ing and poultry raising. Dream, psalm. The initiative for reform now pro­ That far and Viking Sea A storm was rolling up out of th Your urge car ss - oh, East, blue-black storm all overcast pelled by Chretien took shape long In your mighty, moving passion, with purple haze - so faint th before he became minister of Indian Affairs and a lot of the cr dit goe Now nfold lov 's my tic mis ion distant rumble, y t, o ominous it to his predecessor, Arthur Laing. -- Go! gr w. He watched it, fascinated by "Go find the maid n on th strand the un arthly glow of deep-throated Blunt-spoken, Laing criss-crossed She'll touch you with h r ag r d fiance which it hurl d forward the country telling Indians to stand hand, and into the flushing fac of r - up and fight for what they wanted. She'll hear your voi and tr ating day. Enthralled, h stood "Get greedy," he told th m . and watched that awesome void ad­ understand A chance is now being given to And cry, 'I know! I know! ' vance, and, as he calmly wondered at its fearsome maj sty, feeling Indians to speak up for what th 'She'll write a name upon th sand, himself one with Manitou - there­ want in a series of 19 meetings at And, lappingly, you'll kiss her fore unafraid - into that desert of strategic points across Canada. Wha hand, dark, across that sinister sky, ther th Indian say will largely deter­ Then smooth again would b th moved, with distant spl ndour, a mine what the new Indian Act will trand, winging train of ros n swans! A ay. And, sighing, m ntion m ; trail of swans - wild ros - winge d "It is quit possible that the In­ The maiden's murmur th n will p ace 'gainst glowering fear! dian people will decide that ther sigh, should not be an Indian Act at all," 'I know! - Tis h ! Tis h Seven white swans, sunset-rose in hue; slowly, in perfect r hythm, fly­ Chretien has said ... "If that is what Th River of the Iroquois ing lik a line of living song, they they want, I won't be the one to sa Flows to its Viking Sea, trailed their measured melody lik no." And she who is beloved cri s, 'Lo! sil nee lost in space. It was nough. Ther will be a new act, however, These waters sing to me, Then mutter roll d the ky with because it's simply too big a jump Th y sing and do caress my hand, from a century of paternalism and Ah, Love -- I know - for the . ullen might! He turn d, b fore too late, and faced the setting sun to "colonialism," as Chretien calls it, to Her feet the waters find and lav ing his evening psalm: independence without an intermedi­ So very wistfully, ary period of self-government b Alon and far looks down a Brav 0, Power to make me clean! trial and error. 0 Mino Inashia! Who knows all - sil ntly! The burden of paternalism can b Inakona! Manitou! lifted only by giving the Indians a The Riv r of the Iroquois God, show me how to go!' Flows to its Viking Sea chance to make mistakes. The River of the Iroquois, Deseronto rumbled! The Thunder The concept of today's Indian Act, In silent maj sty, .:~poke! The Lightning flashed! - which has been called both a fortres And, from his height, a Chieftain And Inakona was no mor ! and a prison, was the prevention of Puts it in a surging spell mistakes. To kiss her f et in song the lov The fire of God had found him. No other sound can tell - It had found also, his little pine­ That's part of the problem now. To kiss her gentl f et with love twig cross, to burn its outline on th For 100 years, Canada's native Like murmur in the swell. rock wher it had lain. people have watched the whit man run the show. Inakona carried a little, wooden es ronto-Manitou had heard th cross, made of pine twigs bound song in the soul of Inakona in that "We'v had bad models," says with golden hair. One day, high on plac - and his Cross, in th rock Billy Mussell. his favourite trail ridge, he t th eternal, burned for ver there. - Toronto Daily Star Page 14 INDIAN RECORD DECEMBER 1968

We'll Head 'Em Off At Das Rhine

by 'AROL BALE member of European we t rn clubs talk d about th council and th an opportunity to liv for three days p opl who att nded. It wa all unn r ingly surrealistic. in the authenti tradition of the old The hour was hartly after mid­ About two-third of the club mem­ American west. Con qu ntly, no ber , h aid, not only tudy th hi - night. The campfire had b gun to one was permitted to nter the camp die down, but its light r mained tory and culture of the American unJ dre s d in we tern clothing Indian but tak an avid interest in bright enough to throw the elongat­ and auto were park d outside. ed hadows of buck kin and pelt th life of th Indian today. The cri s-cro s on th sides of the te - A chain urrounded the camp, but corre pond with other European pe. veral hundred G rmans from the western club and Indian club in I wiggled a littl under th deer- Cologne ar a came to gawk over it the United Stat s. kin covers, trying to find a com­ and occa ionally to crawl under it Most German Indian fear that fortable spot on the lat of the to photograph their own children Indian cultur may die in the United Indian backrest to ttle my hip­ with tho e of the "Indians." States as Indians enter the main- bone. Mo t of the teepee and costume tream of American life. A small Outside thr e or four Indian drum had been made by th ir owners group of Europeans (German pri­ ounded back and forth. Som - from authentic material according marily) identify so strongly with t h one sang a sad Indian hant, pausing to in tructions from book and American Indian they regard hi periodically to allow a choru of ometimes after viewing originals way of life with almo t religiou hesitant voices to repeat. in European mu eum . Bits of civili­ iervor. Some. like Kroll, even zation uch a flashlights, plastic they have had vision . Only the occa ional mumble of cup , and canned food did turn up, We tern club member do not fit omething in German brought back however. into any definite pattern of ag , reality - t he strange reality of the But the mainspring of all this en­ political belief, wealth, or ocial 16th annual council of European tatus. The Prairie Friend member­ western clubs meeting on a grassy thusiasm i still the western club of Europe, and the grandfather of hip include unskilled worker and plot in the outskirt of Cologne, a university professor. Many mem- even kilometers (approximate! them all i the Cowboy Club of Munich, formed in 1913 by a group bers rank among the better trained 4 1 _ mil s from the Rhine River. of German who dreamed of travel­ blue and white-collar workers. Some 800 Europeans from France, ing to America. The f ir t World War A few European cowboys still rid Switzerland, Belgium, and parts of interrupted their dream . When it the range, attempting to live in th Germany had arrived earlier that ended, only one or two of the origi­ mode of the Ameri an cowboys of day in car filled with all the para­ nal members remained alive, but th the pa t, but most Europ an h art phernalia neces ary to live for three club started again. It managed to belong to the Indian . day as American Indians, cowboys, urvive th second World War Some Europeans ay thi wild ranchers, trappers, Confederate and though its member were f ore d to west mania terns from the larg Union soldiers, and Rough Rider . carry on quietly and were considered number of imported western film , by more ardent Germans to be an television programs and book . They had pitched 83 teepee , many Other point out that ince the end large enough to sl ep 10 persons, "American colony." During both wars, their g uns were confi cated. of the second World War, European and pilled ov r into a temporary have had an opportunity to learn we t rn town they named Fort Ran­ Today the Cowboy Club of Munich about th west from American erv­ dall, con isting of everal buildings njoys prosperity and an expanding ice men. crudely con~tructed to erve as the membership. The 70-odd member An intere of the American we t, Prairie aloon (serving beer and pend their weekend at "the ranch," however, had already exi t d for "wur t"), a w stern tore (selling a clubhouse built r cently on the years in Germany. It may have been w tern clothing at teep prices), a out kirts of Munich, complete with inspired partly by Buffalo Bill' post office (open Sunday afternoon orral, hors s, mu urn, and stage. tour of Europe in the 1890's, by tale for official mailing with a special Here Munich's cowboy and Indian of those who emigrat d to th tamp , and an office for both "Doc" q uar dance, practice lassoing, Unit d States, or by information and and th "marshal." ride, or work on their costume . Indian object brought back from Earli r in the day, on land ordi­ The number of uch we tern club the U.S. in the fir t half of the 19th narily used for training German i growing rapidly. The count of century by a German travel r, Prinz oldi r (located near the nd of on those att nding the council each Maxi mill ian zu Wied (who po - of Cologne's treetcar lines , t h year erves as a barom ter. Only e sion ar now on di pla in European Indian had danced cere­ four club attended the first council veral German m u urn moni , played lacro e, and cam­ in 1950; 27 lub wer pre ent in What doe all thi m an for p ted in arch ry cont t . Mean­ 1960; and 59 lub (10 of them or- Am rican ? n thing at 1 ast: You whil , th whit m n of Fort Ran­ anized during the pr vious year don't hav to worry about taking dall had ung owboy ong (in am to th mo t re en t council in that comfortable old pair of blu Engli h , cook d th ir m al o r ologne. j an along to Europe thi year. You can alway buy orne ther . For campfir , halleng don another to ne v ning at th end of th a Max Oliv of th Cowboy Club oi la o and knife-throwing conte t ologn council tto Kroll chair- Munich ay "We' e witch d from and drank be r in th Prairi aloon. man and chief of the Prairi 1 derho n to blu jean . ' Th oun i1 i de ign d to g ive Friend , a w t rn club in Cologn - Chicago Tribune Magazin . DECEMBER 1968 INDIAN RECORD Page 15 Federal

Cirants 'Ziru"ct,ue/'1 remindinq DussELDORF; 6FRMANY, oltA e need'I poor. Program ''sy MARTIN "'rides throuc;lr. tlrt> cifv e~ Fourteen Alberta Indian band ar November 1I and at tire now operating under the federal go - foot efonJ t4e And of the 14, six have received OlO (OWN fiAL LJdlvides outright grants to run their own ad­ ministration. The grants cover the cost of basic community programs, administration costs, such as salari to staff and recreation grants. fLAM£S AT 11-1£" The remaining ight bands hav FoOT Of ll-tE' CRoss been given grants to begin an ad­ fit:HINO 11-l£" HIGH ministration training program to ALTAR ~KAMPALA , enable Indian staff on the variou UGANDA SHRINE', reserves to b taught administration SYMI30U:ZE. 1J1E" procedures. 4-lUNORED AfRICANS GOING WE L L "The program is going along well now," said Vern Boultbee, supervisor of administration with the regional Indian affairs office in Edmonton. "Th people are getting more and more involved." Those bands which have received administration grants include th Bloods ($195,900); Peigans ($288,- 755); Saddle Lake ($345,856) ; Black­ foot ($98,074 ; Alexander ($4 ,915) and Sturgeon Lake ($38,505) . Grants for training program have been given to the Paul Band ($5,000); Montana band at Hobbe­ ma ($2,220); Alexis ($4,200); Loui Bull band at Hobbema ($4,160); Sun­ child band near Rocky Mountain House ($3,900 ; O'Chiese, ($3,750) ; U.S. Stamp To Honor Chief Crees and Chipewyans at Fort Chi­ pewyan ($5,000 and $2,350 . by TAN HAN T Z F INAL PART Heralded in the United States post ment promptly brok revoked is All the grants cover the final part office department's press release as the word used by the P.O. release of the Indian affairs' fiscal year a stamp "that honors the American its promise, and shipped them in which ends in March, 1969. Indian," a six-cent issue scheduled boxcars to the Indian territory south for Nov. 4 s ems more of a belated of Oklahoma, where many of th "The bands, at that time, will be apology to the Nez Perce tribe for captives became sick and died as a requested to pass resolutions saying the shabby treatment accorded them result of their treatment. P ublic they want to continue with the pro­ 90 years ago. At least that is the sentiment brought a transfer of th gram, ' Mr. Boultbee said. impression one gains when back­ surviving Nez Perces to Washington The Indian affairs department ground information on Chief Joseph, State in 1 5, where Chief Jo eph has not received any other applica­ the Nez P erce warrior pictured on died in 1904. tions to operate under the program, the stamp, is digested. b ut more are expected from other Th six-cent stamp features a re­ Indian bands when the new fiscal BROI\:EN PROMI E production of an oil painting of year approaches. The Nez Perce people were friend­ Chief Joseph now in the U.S. a­ Mr. Boultbee also said the Indian ly until June 1877 and willingl tiona! Portrait Gallery. agencies at the Blackfoot reserve ceded their land in Oregon and Idaho - London Free Press near Gleichen, the Stoney Indians to the U.S. government. However, west of Calgary and the Sarcee band when gold was found on their r - agency have been amalgamated in­ servation, settlers moved in and to a new district which will operate trouble developed. Young brave out of offices in Calgary. killed 20 of the invad rs and federal P r e v i o u s 1 y the Bloods-Peigan troops took reprisals. Chief Joseph agency was united into a district in and three fellow chiefs decided to Lethbridge while the Edmonton­ lead their people to safety in Canada Hobbema agencies were amalga­ but were captured just short of the mated into the Edmonton-Hobbema border after a 1,300-mile chase. The district. The St. Paul and Athabasca Indians surrendered to ::~ fnrc~ o agencies form the fourth di trict. 600 in Montana and the U.S. govern- I Page 16 INDIAN RECORD DECEMBER 1968 An Indian Community Of The Twentieth Century

A ocial a nd economi develop­ 'Pay the Indian p opl and creat hoping to attract small industri to ment program at th Fort A lexan­ prid ,' says Chief Courch ne. "In­ the r s rve. der Indian re rve near Pine Fall dian p ople are lik anybod 1 e - hief om·chene and hi ouncil could t the tage for th freeing th y want to arn mon y.' look on their re erv a ev ntually of anada' nativ population from Th desire to work can b se n be ming an conomi tmit on it a degrading life of government a Indian tradesmen build n w own, making it way with minimum handout and turn them into a homes and stre ts in the 2 0-unit out ide help, and upplying Jabot· trained people able to mak theii· town it stablish d on th r rv f r a wide ar a of Manitoba. The own way in a mp titiv world. last year. Th y work. r s rv ould be"ome a kind of Th reserv , under a progr ssiv Mor work and incom li ahead half-way hou e - a tepping ton band council h aded by Chi f av if th economic dev lopm nt pro­ to full int gration a Indian b - Courch ne, was the first in Mani­ gram can be r aliz d. com trained to compete in ociety toba to tak advantag of a n w Th res rve has leas d 2,000 of out ide. Indian Affairs epartrnent program its 22,000 acr s to four Indian fami­ Education is on of th k ys to designed to give Indians mor s lf­ lie and will shar crops with th thi kind of progr ss. Indian worn n gov rnment - now consid r d th n w farmers. The council exp ct are starting to work as teach r fir t st p to more self-sufficiency. to bring in $22,000 a year from thi aid s and th r erve has plans for operation alon . building a five-unit host l for teach- Using its own skilled workm n, Work has tarted on d veloping its own contractor and its own rs. Indian 1 ader want to build a new beach and holida area on a another chool, one of 15 classroom building supply company, th r - on -mil ection of Lak Winnip g erv has just completed a council compl t with track and football land in the res rve. Th obj ctiv field. Two school ommitt es now building which will erv th am h r is to build cabin for th tourist purpos s a any town hall in Mani­ in operation may olve into the trade with Indians supplying all re rv fir t school board. toba. It will b staffed ntirely b rvic . r s rv residents who will run th ir R serv land acros the Wiru1ipeg Chi f Courchen has noted a community with minor adminis­ River is regard d a th ite for a great chang in th attitude of hi trative assi tanc from Indian Af­ futur beef-rai ing operation but peopl within one y ar. Now, h fairs. thi till is in the "thinking" tage . ays, th y fulfill th ir work obliga­ Th building provides quarter for A commercial servic s study is tion wh n mploy d outsid th the band council, plus offices for an b ing mad ; from it may com a reserv . H give much of h administrator, a welfare worker and recomm ndation to tablish a small credit for progr ss to th Manitoba a plac m nt offic r who looks for hopping centr in th townsit . branch of the d partm nt of Indian jobs and is in charge of trad Indian p ople would becom shop- Affair and Northern ev lopment. training. Similar buildings ar to b keeper . Only tho with trad Th branch is pl a d with thP pro­ constructed on a number of oth r and manag ment training would b gress made at Fort AI xander. Manitoba r erve . mployed. A branch official say both th d partment and Indians ar moving " We're trying to get away from Th band council ha just taken ov r th chool bu transportation ah ad rapidly in Manitoba and in the paternali ti attitude toward other provinc s wh re imilar pro· India ns which has exi ted in anada y t m for th 500 lementary stu· d nts on the r serve, another m ans rams ar in operation. for centuri ," ay hief om·- "If a band is willing to a c pt r - hene. "If Indian people are going of arning money. An economic d v lopm nt board ponsibility, we'll giv it to them, to be involved at the local level they an official aid. mu t hav a hand in determining has b en establish d, r pr s n ting ix ar a of th res rv . Indian ' Fort Al xand r is d o i n g an policy and have acce to fund , th xc ll nt job and w ar quit ·am a any municipal cotmcil." lead rs want to g t mor Indian famili s involved in conomic d v 1- pl ased.' Th new council building is a bi opment, with proj ct coming from One of the major chang s ah ad move toward impl m nting th e poli­ all levels. will b in th Indian Act. c Chief Courch n describ . Th The re rv is using th federal The Manitoba Indian Brotherhood, 2,000-population r s rve is moving Manpower S rvices division to im­ of which Chief Courch n is pr si­ toward its objective of conomic prove trad skills. Th band council d nt, now has an offic in Winnip g, If-sufficiency. hop s to add social cienc s; leader with a staff of thr e and fiv fi ld Th goal i to replace welfar fe 1 th ir people ar so far behind consultant . with jobs, r ducing as much as they don t know what soci ty i all Me ting this y ar will b held on possible th quarter of a million about. Manitoba reserv s to learn what dollars the fed ral treasury provid Th townsit ha an industrial changes the Indian population want ach year in various programs. c t i o n and Indian 1 aders ar to in the act. Th n Indian 1 ad r will meet with fed ral offi­ cials to talk over r vision . • Over th 'Mailbag' Program on our local radio Manitoba Indians hav b n given th opportunity to mak a new lif Indians send m s ages to on another, the form mo t frequently used on their own. Th big qu stion b ing that of 'Everyday Gr ting .' 'Everyday Greeting seem to veryone is asking is: Can they do expr ss friendship in its finest form, for it implies: "You ar so in it? There's no doubt that th y ar my heart and on my mind that th r n ed be no pecial season, no going to hav to do a great deal of work on their own, and that they 11 pecial tim for m to think of you, and o, to you, I send 'Everyday n d all the help and und rstanding Gr tings'.'' Can our commercial gre ting cards b tter this? th y can g t from th ir more af­ -1. H witt flu n t neighbor -Th Sakg eng ws