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Coastal Geology. INSTITUTION North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh

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Coastal Geology. INSTITUTION North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh DOCUMENT RESUME ED 198 010 SE 034 397 AUTHOR Mauldin, Lundie: Frankenberg, Dirk TITLE North Carolina Marine Education Manual, Unit One: Coastal Geology. INSTITUTION North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Sea Grant Coll. SPONS AGENCY National Oceanic and 711mospheric Administration (DOC), Rockville, Md. National Sea Grant Program.: North Carolina State Dept. of Administration, Raleigh. REPORT NO UNC-SG-78-14-A PUB DATE Aug 78 GRANT NOAA-04-6-158-44054 NOTE 129p.: For related documents, see SE 334 393-401. AVAILABLE FROM UNC Sea Grant, 105 1911 Building, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27607 ($1.50). EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Earth Science: Elementary School Science: Elementary Secondary Education: Environmental Education: *Geology: Intermeeliate Grades: Marine Biology: *Oceanography: *Science Education: Science Instruction: *Secondary School Science IDENTIFIERS Coastal Zones: Estuaries ABSTRACT Presented are teaching materials designed to supplement North Carolina's course of study plans in earth science for the intermediate grades and 11111i07 high schools. This manual is cne of a collection produced by North Carolina teachers and university faculty under a Sea Grant project entitled "Man and the Seacoast." Included are 27 activities and related materials on plate tectonics, coastal plain sediments, island geology and ecology, and estuarine geology and eco1og7_ Each section contains background reading, vocabulary, three to six activities, and information on films, books and other related resources. Also provided are a table depicting the relationship between the activities and state curriculum guidelines, and a summary of this unit's goals and behavioral obiectives. (W31 ********************************************************4************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NOTIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. DUCEO EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN. ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- Unit One SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY Coastal Geology North Carolina Marine Education Manual Cr-,3 c ,41,...4",11.14.,..,1,1 u1 uttt oetuttil Itaiptottalimum 404i.t,hot A1111i i :.;. !; 1.1 ))141fr Ni(11111 44'411 14 414 ".14 " 1)1114/111' L Mauldin D. Frankenberg UNC Sea Grant Publication UNC-SG-78-14-A August, 1978 4 Residents of North Carolina may request a single copy free of charge. Copies are available from:UNC Sea Grant 105 1911 Building North Carolina State University Raleigh, N.C. 27607 NORTH CAROLINA MARINE EDUCATION MANUAL UNIT ONE COASTAL GEOLOGY LUNDIE MAULDIN UNC Sea Grant College Program DIRK FRANKENBERG Marine Science Curriculum UNC Chapel Hill Illust..atedbyLundie Mauldin and Johanna Bazzolo This work was sponsored by the Office of Sea Grant, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, under grant number 04-6-158-44054, and the North Carolina Department of-Administration. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyrights that may appear hereon. Sea Grant Publication UNC-SG 78-14-A August, 1978 Unit 1 Coastal Geology TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction iii A. Geological Origins 1. Plate Tectonics a. Background Reading 1 b. Vocabulary 6 c. Activities Making Ocean Basins 7 Tectonic Puzzle 8 Contour/Profiles 13 Seek and Find Words 18 Cross Word Puzzle 19 d. Resources to Use 21 2. Coastal Plain Sediments a. Background Reading 22 b. Vocabulary 32 c. Activities Explore Sediments Coring Layers 35 Making Fossils 37 Time Line 39 Seek and Find Words 42 Where is the Word"' 43 d. Resources to Use 44 B. Coastal Environmental Systems 1. Island Geology a. Background Reading 45 b. Vocabulary 51 c. Activities Sand Spit Process 52 Island System Model 54 Coast Geography 56 Scallop Shield 60 Maps and Charts 61 Find Ycur Way In 63 d. Resources to'Use 64 2. Island Ecology a. Background Reading 66 b. Vocabulary 71 c. Activities Face of a Dune 72 Beach Sands 74 Identify Sands 76 Island Model 78 d. Resources to Use 80 3. Estuarine Geology a. Background Reading 82 b. Vocabulary 87 c. Activities Sediment Layers 88 Page Siltation Rates 90 Microsediments 91 d. Resources to Use 84 4. Estuarine Ecology a. Background Reading 95 b. Vocabulary 103 c. Activities Let's Make an Estuary 104 Estuarine Layers 105 Marsh Parts 106 d. Resources to Use 108 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The North Carolina Marine Education Manual is a collection of teaching materials generated by North Carolina public school teachers and university professors under a University of North Carolina Sea Grant College project entitled "Man and the Seacoast." Dr. Dirk Frankenberg is the principle investigator; the Resource Unit Develop ment Committee project directed by Dr. William Rickards of North Carolina State University assisted with material production. The manual is designed to help middle school teachers put marineperspec tives into their lessons. The activities can be modified for higher or lower grades. This manual consists of separate units which cover environmental aspects of the coast such as geology, ecology, and seawater interactions and motions. Additional units cover facets of coastal communities and economics, history, anthropology, art, folklore, and literature. An appendix provides information on keeping aquaria, state and federal agencies, field trip guides, and film company addresses. We wish to acknowledge the cooperation we have received from other marine education projects, North Carolina Marine Resource Centers, North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, National Marine Educa tion Association, and many people who have contributed suggestions and opinions. Especially we wish to thank those people whose enthusiasm and contributions made this project possible -- the following North Carolina teachers: 1977 "Man and the Seacoast" teachers Charlie Baker, Wells Baker, Edna Bell, John Britt, Fay Edwards, Marie Farris, George Glasson, Gwendolyn Guerrant, Clayton A. Harpold, Linda L. Helms, Katherine Helsing, Jan Jones, Connie Long, Lillie R. McInnis, Martha S. Mallard, Mary Olson, Laurie Oppenheimer, Donna Parrish, Barbara Ratliff, Julia Tingle, and Susan Warren. 1977 "Man and the Seacoast" staff Dr. David Brower, Dr. Dirk Frankenberg, Dr. Richard King, Dr. Jerry Machemehl, Dr. David Phelps, Dr. James Sabella, Dr. John D. Seelye, and Dr. William N. Still. Graduate assistants: Johanna Bazzolo, Mike Duncan, and Joe Gutierrez. 1977 "Resource Unit Development Committee" Pat Francis, Allen Lenk, James Futrell, Ron Ferrell, Avonne Williamson, and Ann Watkins. Cindy Cantrell deserves a special note of acknowledgement for typing this manuscript. Thanks to Nancy Tomkovick and Paul Belyea for assisting with the manuscript preparation. We also appreciate the organizational assistance of Johanna Bazzolo. The North Carolina Marine Education Manual developed through the interaction and involvement of people interested in marine education. UNC Sea Grant would like to continue the involvement by inviting your opinions and suggestions for topics and activities. In this way, we can remain responsive to ycnr needs with new additions to the manual. Please address your comments to: UNC Sea Grant College Program Marine Education Specialist North Carolina State University 105-1911 Building Raleigh, NC 27650 ii INTRODUCTION The purpose of the Marine Education Manual is to provide educational materials that can be used to supplement existing curricula. We have found that students often have an inherent interest in the ocean. We hope that many students will be stimulated by marine oriented materials to learn not only about theocean, but also about the general scientific phenomena that make theocean explicable. Thus we hope these materials will prove helpful in teaching science through demonstration of general science concepts using marine examples. The first unit of the Marine EducationManual provides marine oriented materials in Geology andGeography. These materials specifically focus on North Carolina,but all are adaptable to other areas. Unit One contains materials designedto supplement program features of North Carolina'scourse of study plans in Earth and Space for the Intermediate Grades and EarthScience for the Middle School/Junior High levels. We have included materialson large scale tectonic forces of continentaldrift (Part A). We also look at the development of North Carolina'scoastal plain and at the wind and water movements that shape thebarrier islands and sounds (Part B). For each topic, we have includeda resource section that contains information on films, free materials,and books. However, the back- ground reading provided for each topicis designed to provide enough information to work through suggestedactivities with students. Table 1 provides a summary of the activitiespresented in Unit One in relation to the recommendedprogram features of the North Carolina state curriculum guide (Course ofStudy for Elementary and Sceondary Schools K-12, 1977, pages 139-148). Program features include knowledge/content objectives. The objectives have been generalized into broad catagories to simplifythe table. Process skill is a term used to include observing,classifying, using numbers, inferring, interpreting data, controllingvariables, experimenting, and formulating models. Manipulative skills include u5ing instruments,
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