Chapter 5. Collection and the Collection Disciplines
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Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Former US Counterintelligence Agent Charged with Espionage on Behalf
Former U.S. Counterintelligence Agent Charged With Espionage on Behalf of Iran; Four Iranians Charged With a Cyber Campaign Targeting Her Former Colleagues Indictment Unsealed as U.S. Treasury Department Announces Economic Sanctions U.S. Attorney’s Office, District of Columbia Wednesday, February 13, 2019 https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/former-us-counterintelligence-agent-charged-espionage-behalf-iran- four-iranians-charged WASHINGTON – Monica Elfriede Witt, 39, a former U.S. service member and counterintelligence agent, has been indicted by a federal grand jury in the District of Columbia for conspiracy to deliver and delivering national defense information to representatives of the Iranian government. Witt, who defected to Iran in 2013, is alleged to have assisted Iranian intelligence services in targeting her former fellow agents in the U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC). Witt is also alleged to have disclosed the code name and classified mission of a U.S. Department of Defense Special Access Program. An arrest warrant has been issued for Witt, who remains at large. The same indictment charges four Iranian nationals, Mojtaba Masoumpour, Behzad Mesri, Hossein Parvar and Mohamad Paryar (the “Cyber Conspirators”), with conspiracy, attempts to commit computer intrusion and aggravated identity theft, for conduct in 2014 and 2015 targeting former co- workers and colleagues of Witt in the U.S. Intelligence Community. The Cyber Conspirators, using fictional and imposter social media accounts and working on behalf of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), sought to deploy malware that would provide them covert access to the targets’ computers and networks. Arrest warrants have been issued for the Cyber Conspirators, who also remain at large. -
Intelligence Community Programs, Management, and Enduring Issues
Intelligence Community Programs, Management, and Enduring Issues (name redacted) Analyst in Intelligence and National Security Policy November 8, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R44681 Intelligence Community Programs, Management, and Enduring Issues Summary Congress’s and the American public’s ability to oversee and understand how intelligence dollars are spent is limited by the secrecy that surrounds the intelligence budget process. Yet, total spending on the Intelligence Community (IC) programs discussed in this report equates to approximately $70 billion dollars—roughly 10% of national defense spending. This report is designed to shed light on the IC budget—in terms of its programs, management, and enduring issues—using unclassified materials available in the public domain. This report focuses those IC programs, grouped, for the most part, under two labels: (1) the National Intelligence Program (NIP), and (2) the Military Intelligence Program (MIP). Nevertheless, the combined NIP and MIP budgets do not encompass the total of U.S. intelligence- related spending. Intelligence-related programs that are not part of the IC include, for example, the large Office of Intelligence within the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS’s) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) division. The ICE Office of Intelligence is not included in the IC because, theoretically, ICE activities primarily support the DHS mission to protect the homeland. This report explains the management structure for the NIP and MIP to include their two separate budget processes and the roles of the Director of National Intelligence and the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence). The concluding section of this report considers the ability of the U.S. -
Introduction
1 Introduction Intelligence collection is one of the earliest recorded organized human activ- ities, along with war. The earliest writing about intelligence collection dates from the seventh and sixth centuries BCE: Caleb the spy in the Book of Numbers and The Art of War by Sun Tzu. It is striking that two cultures, ancient Hebrew and Chinese, geographically remote from one another and undoubtedly unknown to one another, should both discuss the importance of intelligence collection at roughly the same time in an early part of human history. But the precept is elementary at its core—information confers power. Whoever is best at gathering (and exploiting) relevant information tends to win. In the twenty-fi rst century, the U.S. Intelligencedistribute Community (IC) is premier in its capabilities for doing both. Collection in the IC generally refers to fi ve ordisciplines (or sources): Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Signals Intel- ligence (SIGINT), Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), and Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT). A great deal of mystery and myth surrounds the subject of those sources and the capabilities and uses implied. And many popular perceptions are far afi eld from reality. That is why we have written this book. Our intentionpost, is to give readers an approachable but detailed picture of U.S. intelligence collection capabilities. To that end, each chapter follows a similar construct. We discuss the unique origin and history of the INT, or intelligence collection discipline, which is important to under- stand in terms of both its development and how it is used today. We discuss the types of intelligencecopy, issues that each INT is best suited for and those for which it is of little help. -
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
ATP 2-22.9 Open-Source Intelligence July 2012 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Unlimited Distribution Headquarters, Department of the Army *ATP 2-22.9 Army Techniques Publication Headquarters No. 2-22.9 (FMI 2-22.9) Department of the Army Washington, DC, 10 July 2012 Open-Source Intelligence Contents Page PREFACE.............................................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT) FUNDAMENTALS ........................ 1-1 Definition and Terms .......................................................................................... 1-1 Characteristics .................................................................................................... 1-1 The Intelligence Warfighting Function ................................................................ 1-2 The Intelligence Process .................................................................................... 1-3 The Planning Requirements and Assessing Collection Process ........................ 1-4 The Military Decisionmaking Process ................................................................ 1-4 Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield ........................................................... 1-5 Chapter 2 PLANNING AND PREPARATION OF THE OSINT MISSION ............................. 2-1 Section I – Planning OSINT Activities ........................................................... -
Cyber Counterintelligence - Deception, Distortion, Dishonesty
#RSAC SESSION ID: CYBER COUNTERINTELLIGENCE - DECEPTION, DISTORTION, DISHONESTY Jeff Bardin Dr. Khatuna Mshvidobadze Chief Intelligence Officer Principal Treadstone 71 Cyberlight Global Associates @Treadstone71LLC [email protected] 5 2 Agenda Taxonomy Types of Denial Deception Dimensions of D&D Tactics Deception Chain (see your handout) and Deception Planning D&D Russian Historical Information Criminals & Kids Notable Events Georgia US Election Background Warfare Dis-information / France – Information Complexity of Formation of cyber Troll Factories Major Players TV5Monde Warfare on Social Outsourcing troops Media Forming public Interagency Socio-Cultural Conclusions - opinion Rivalries Differences Recommendations 3 Denial and Deception - Lifecycle Types of Denial and Deception Resource Diversion Uncertainty Intelligence Proactivity Depletion • Direct an • Waste an • Cause the • Monitor and • Use adversary’s adversary’s adversary to analyze deception attention time and doubt the adversary techniques to from real energy on veracity of a behavior detect assets toward obtaining and discovered during previously bogus ones. analyzing vulnerability intrusion unknown false or stolen attempts to attacks that information. information. inform future other defense defensive efforts. tools may miss. 4 Deception Planning Consideration of all critical components of the operation. Deny, deceive, create propaganda RSA Conference - Bardin and Mshvidobadze Western Dogs Dogs Lie Like Dotards - We will hack their sites and bring them down 5 Dimensions -
Cryptography
Cryptography From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Secret code" redirects here. For the Aya Kamiki album, see Secret Code. German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II to encrypt very-high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; from Greek κρυπτός, kryptos, "hidden, secret"; and γράφ, gráph, "writing", or -λογία, -logia, respectively)[1] is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Cryptology prior to the modern age was almost synonymous with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to nonsense. The sender retained the ability to decrypt the information and therefore avoid unwanted persons being able to read it. Since WWI and the advent of the computer, the methods used to carry out cryptology have become increasingly complex and its application more widespread. Alongside the advancement in cryptology-related technology, the practice has raised a number of legal issues, some of which remain unresolved. Contents [hide] • 1 Terminology • 2 History of cryptography and cryptanalysis o 2.1 Classic cryptography o 2.2 The computer era • 3 Modern cryptography o 3.1 Symmetric-key cryptography o 3.2 Public-key cryptography o 3.3 Cryptanalysis o 3.4 Cryptographic primitives o 3.5 Cryptosystems • 4 Legal issues o 4.1 Prohibitions o 4.2 Export controls o 4.3 NSA involvement o 4.4 Digital rights management • 5 See also • 6 References • 7 Further reading • 8 External links [edit] Terminology Until modern times cryptography referred almost exclusively to encryption, which is the process of converting ordinary information (plaintext) into unintelligible gibberish (i.e., ciphertext).[2] Decryption is the reverse, in other words, moving from the unintelligible ciphertext back to plaintext. -
Covert Networks a Comparative Study Of
COVERT NETWORKS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES USED BY FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES TO WEAPONIZE SOCIAL MEDIA by Sarah Ogar A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Baltimore, Maryland December 2019 2019 Sarah Ogar All Rights Reserved Abstract From the Bolshevik Revolution to the Brexit Vote, the covert world of intelligence has attempted to influence global events with varying degrees of success. In 2016, one of the most brazen manifestations of Russian intelligence operations was directed against millions of Americans when they voted to elect a new president. Although this was not the first time that Russia attempted to influence an American presidential election, it was undoubtedly the largest attempt in terms of its scope and the most publicized to date. Although much discussion has followed the 2016 election, there have not been much concerted historical analysis which situates the events of 2016 within the global timeline of foreign intelligence collection. This paper argues that the onset of social media has altered intelligence collection in terms of its form, but not in terms of its essence. Using the case study method, this paper illustrates how three different nations apply classical intelligence techniques to the modern environment of social media. This paper examines how China has utilized classical agent recruitment techniques through sites like LinkedIn, how Iran has used classical honey trap techniques through a combination of social media sites, and how Russia has employed the classical tactics of kompromat, forgery, agents of influence and front groups in its modern covert influence campaigns. -
Law Enforcement Intelligence: a Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies
David L. Carter, Ph.D. School of Criminal Justice Michigan State University Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies November 2004 David L. Carter, Ph.D. This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement #2003-CK-WX-0455 by the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Points of view or opinions contained in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Michigan State University. Preface The world of law enforcement intelligence has changed dramatically since September 11, 2001. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have been tasked with a variety of new responsibilities; intelligence is just one. In addition, the intelligence discipline has evolved significantly in recent years. As these various trends have merged, increasing numbers of American law enforcement agencies have begun to explore, and sometimes embrace, the intelligence function. This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. Rather than being a manual to teach a person how to be an intelligence analyst, it is directed toward that manager, supervisor, or officer who is assigned to create an intelligence function. It is intended to provide ideas, definitions, concepts, policies, and resources. It is a primer- a place to start on a new managerial journey. Every effort was made to incorporate the state of the art in law enforcement intelligence: Intelligence-Led Policing, the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan, the FBI Intelligence Program, the array of new intelligence activities occurring in the Department of Homeland Security, community policing, and various other significant developments in the reengineered arena of intelligence. -
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DNI Open Source Conference 2008 Transcripts
Office of the Director of National Intelligence Transcripts from the DNI Open Source Conference 2008 Washington, DC September 11, 2008 – September 12, 2008 The links below will forward you to the appropriate transcripts: 1) Mr. Glenn Gaffney Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Collection 2) Mr. Michael V. Hayden Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 3) Ms. Christine McKeown Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence 4) Mr. Doug Naquin Director of the Open Source Center 5) Mr. Charles E. Allen DHS Under Secretary for Intelligence & Analysis 6) Panel: Managing the Balance Between Privacy & National Security 1 Remarks and Q&A by the Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Collection Mr. Glenn A. Gaffney DNI Open Source Conference 2008 Washington, DC MS. SABRA HORNE (ODNI Senior Advisor for Open Source/Outreach): Good morning. Welcome ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the Second Annual DNI Open Source Conference. We’re thrilled to have you here. I’m Sabra Horne, Senior Advisor for Outreach and the organizer for this event. We see many familiar faces here, a lot of the wonderful folks we’ve worked with over the past few years as well as those of you who were able to attend the conference last year. But in this last year, we’ve added many, many, many new faces to our friends and family list – those of you who know that using open source is vital in ensuring that we protect our national security. Our list of friends and family has grown, and grown, and grown. You recognize that open source information is critical in transcending the confines of the traditional Intelligence Community. -
What Role for the Cia's General Counsel
Sed Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes: The CIA’s Office of General Counsel? A. John Radsan* After 9/11, two officials at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) made decisions that led to major news. In 2002, one CIA official asked the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) to clarify how aggressive CIA interrogators could be in questioning al Qaeda operatives held overseas.1 This request led to the August 2002 memorandum, later leaked, in which John Yoo argued that an interrogator crosses the line into torture only by inflicting pain on a par with organ failure.2 Yoo further suggested that interrogators would have many defenses, justifications, and excuses if they faced possible criminal charges.3 One commentator described the advice as that of a “mob lawyer to a mafia don on how to skirt the law and stay out of prison.”4 To cool the debate about torture, the Bush administration retracted the memorandum and replaced it with another.5 The second decision was made in 2003, when another CIA official asked the Justice Department to investigate possible misconduct in the disclosure to the media of the identity of a CIA employee. The employee was Valerie Plame, a covert CIA analyst and the wife of Ambassador Joseph Wilson. * Associate Professor of Law, William Mitchell College of Law. The author was a Justice Department prosecutor from 1991 until 1997, and Assistant General Counsel at the Central Intelligence Agency from 2002 until 2004. He thanks Paul Kelbaugh, a veteran CIA lawyer in the Directorate of Operations, for thoughtful comments on an early draft, and Erin Sindberg Porter and Ryan Check for outstanding research assistance.