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Cultural and Civilisational Links Between India and Southeast Asia Shyam Saran Editor Cultural and Civilisational Links Between India and Southeast Asia Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia Shyam Saran Editor Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia Historical and Contemporary Dimensions Editor Shyam Saran Centre for Policy Research New Delhi, India Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) New Delhi, India ISBN 978-981-10-7316-8 ISBN 978-981-10-7317-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7317-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937672 © ASEAN-India Centre at Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: Kreangagirl/Getty Images Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore FOREWORD India and Southeast Asia inhabit a shared geographical and cultural space. India’s cultural and civilizational linkages with Southeast Asia date back thousands of years. In fact, no other country has such strong links with Southeast Asia as India does, by way of religion, language, culture and civilization. India’s relations with ASEAN have gained momentum, embedded firmly in “culture, commerce and connectivity”. Starting as a sectoral part- ner of ASEAN in 1992, India became a dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1996, a summit-level partner in 2002 and a strategic partner in 2012. On January 25, 2018, India and ASEAN celebrated 25 years of their partner- ship, at a commemorative summit in New Delhi, with the participation of Heads of State/Government from all the ten countries of ASEAN and India. For the first time, all the ten ASEAN leaders also attended India’s Republic Day celebrations on January 26, 2018, in New Delhi, as Guests of Honour. Our shared cultural linkages help us to understand and confront con- temporary challenges. Our leaders recognize that there is a need to deepen ASEAN-India ties, based on our rich cultural affinities. It is also recog- nized that there is a need to create greater awareness of the linkages between India and ASEAN. The ASEAN-India Centre (AIC), Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) in collaboration with the Indian Council for Cultural Research (ICCR) and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of India, organized an International Conference on “ASEAN- India Cultural Links: Historical and Contemporary Dimensions”, which v vi ForeWord was held at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, on July 23–24, 2015. Twenty-four eminent scholars from several parts of the world presented their research papers at this Conference. This book titled Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia: Historical and Contemporary Dimensions, edited by Ambassador Shyam Saran, presents several dimensions of cultural linkages between India and Southeast Asia. It contains research papers, written by eminent scholars on various aspects of historical and cultural relations between India and Southeast Asia, which were presented at the Conference. As India’s engagement with the ASEAN countries moves forward, the socio-cultural linkages between the two regions can be utilized effectively to expand collaboration, beyond the economic and political domains into areas of education, tourism and people-to-people contact. Several new ideas for strengthening our cultural relations emerge in this book. I congratulate Ambassador Shyam Saran and the AIC in publishing this book for the use of a larger audience. I am confident this book will serve as a valuable reference for researchers and policymakers. Preeti Saran PREfACE India–Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) relations have witnessed remarkable growth in recent years. At the ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit 2012 in New Delhi, the two sides elevated rela- tions to a strategic partnership. The summit welcomed the report of the ASEAN–India Eminent Persons’ Group and its vision statement on the future of these relations. In this context, the summit encouraged ‘the study, documentation and dissemination of knowledge about civilization along links between ASEAN and India’. India’s Act East Policy has imparted fresh momentum to these relations in all their multifarious dimensions, including in the field of arts and culture. ASEAN and India are celebrating twenty-five years of partnership. The ASEAN–India Centre (AIC) at the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS) in collaboration with the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of India, organised an international confer- ence ‘ASEAN–India Cultural Links: Historical and Contemporary Dimensions’ at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 23–24 July 2015. Twenty-four eminent scholars from ASEAN countries, India and several other countries presented original research papers at this conference. They discussed a number of key issues that are relevant to the objective of deep- ening ASEAN–India cultural relations. These are now presented in a sin- gle volume, which will become a valuable reference for scholars and researchers, but will be of interest to the general reader as well. I would like to record my appreciation of the efforts made by Dr Prabir De and his team at AIC in putting together this volume. I wish to thank vii viii PREFACE the Director General, Dr Sachin Chaturvedi, and other colleagues at RIS for their constant support and cooperation. I wish to thank the President of ICCR, Professor Lokesh Chandra, and its former Director General, Dr Satish C. Mehta, who lent their valuable support to the conference and contributed to its success. I am also grateful to Ambassador Anil Wadhwa, former Secretary (East), MEA, Government of India; Ambassador Preeti Saran, Present Secretary (East), MEA, Government of India; Ms Pooja Kapur, former Joint Secretary (ASEAN Multilateral), MEA, Government of India; and Mr Anurag Bhushan, the current Joint Secretary (ASEAN Multilateral), MEA, Government of India for their support and cooperation. This book provides new ideas and suggestions related to deepening ASEAN–India cultural relations. It will be welcomed by all those who have an interest in the rich and remarkable history and contemporary dimensions of India’s cultural engagement with its Southeast Asian neighbours. New Delhi, India Shyam Saran ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia: Historical and Contemporary Dimensions has been edited by Ambassador Shyam Saran, former chairman, RIS, with the support of Prof. Prabir De, Coordinator, AIC at RIS, who has also coordinated the ASEAN–India Cultural Links Project under the overall guidance of Ambassador Shyam Saran. We are grateful to Prof. Sachin Chaturvedi, Director General, RIS for his guidance and encouragement. The publication has immensely bene- fited from discussions with Ms Malini Saran and Dr Sudha Gopalakrishnan. In particular, we are thankful to Dr Kapila Vatsyayan and Prof. Lokesh Chandra for their contribution, guidance and cooperation. Editorial assis- tance has been received from Ms Sarah Hasan, Mr Sunando Basu and Ms Sreya Pan. Every chapter in this volume went through a peer review process. We are thankful to the authors who have extended their fullest support and adhered to deadlines while revising these chapters, despite their busy schedules. We are grateful to Ambassador Anil Wadhwa, former Secretary (East), MEA, Government of India; Ambassador Preeti Saran, Present Secretary (East), MEA, Government of India; Ms. Pooja Kapur, former Joint Secretary (ASEAN Multilateral), MEA, Government of India; Mr Anurag Bhushan, the current Joint Secretary (ASEAN Multilateral), MEA, Government of India; Col. Sandeep Puri, Director (ASEAN Multilateral), MEA, Government of India; and Mr Abhijit Chakraborty, Deputy ix x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Secretary (ASEAN Multilateral), MEA, Government of India, for their support and cooperation. In particular, we are thankful to Ambassador Suresh Reddy, Indian Ambassador to ASEAN, for his cooperation. Ms Niharika Gupta and Ms Kiran Wagh extended very useful administrative assistance throughout the project. At Palgrave Macmillan, we are thankful to Dr Sagarika Ghosh and Ms Sandeep Kaur for fast-tracking the project
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