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Demographic Inputs to WTSM

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Demographic Inputs to WTSM Technical Report 4: Assessment of Traffic and Transportation Effects 4-C Technical Note 29: Demographic Inputs to WTSM Opus International Consultants Ltd TN 29 : Demographic Inputs Date: December 2012 to WTSM Wellington Transport Models TN29 : Demographic Inputs to WTSM prepared for Greater Wellington Regional Council Prepared By Opus International Consultants Limited Natasha Elliott (Opus) Wellington Office Level 9, Majestic Centre, 100 Willis Street PO Box 12003, Wellington 6144 New Zealand Ph: +64 4 471 7000 Reviewed By Arup David Dunlop (Opus) Level 17, 1 Nicholson Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Ph: +61 3 9668 5500 Date: December 2012 Reference: g:\localauthorities\wrc\proj\5- c2050.00 - c3079 wtsm wptm\600 deliverables\630 final tech notes\tn29 demographic inputs to wtsm final.doc Status: Final Revision: 2 © Opus International Consultants Limited 2011 TN29 : Demographic Inputs Document History and Status Issue Rev Issued To Qty Date Reviewed Approved Draft 1 Nick Sargent - GW 1 25/06/2012 David Dunlop David Dunlop Final Nick Sargent - GW 1 21/9/2012 David Dunlop David Dunlop Final 1 Nick Sargent - GW 1 26/10/2012 David Dunlop David Dunlop Final 2 Nick Sargent - GW 1 Hard & 1 12/12/2012 David Dunlop David Dunlop CD This report takes into account the particular instructions and requirements of our client. It is not intended for and should not be relied upon by any third party and no responsibility is undertaken to any third party. John Bolland: (Peer Reviewer) Nick Sargent: (GWRC) TN29 : Demographic Inputs Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 2006 Base Development ........................................................................................................ 2 3 2011 Base ............................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 2011 Base Development ................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Checks on the 2011 Base .............................................................................................. 5 3.3 2011 Base Data Summary ........................................................................................... 11 4 Rebasing the Future Forecasts for Low, Medium and High Growth .............................. 12 5 Expansion Scenarios .......................................................................................................... 17 5.1 Expansion Scenario Development Process ................................................................. 18 5.2 Wellington City Expansion ............................................................................................ 19 5.3 Western Expansion ...................................................................................................... 22 5.4 Eastern Expansion ....................................................................................................... 24 5.5 Alternative Scenario Development Process ................................................................. 27 6 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 29 TN29 : Demographic Inputs 1 Introduction A key input to the development of the WTSM model is land use data which is used in the development of trip matrices. Travel demand within the Wellington Strategic Transport Model (WTSM) is determined by several factors, with the most critical being the demographic makeup of the region. This includes the number, age distribution, labour force status and location of residents, along with employment location. These forecasts are critical as population has a causal relationship with travel demand. This information is required in the form of the number of employees, residents, households and students located in each WTSM zone. As part of the development of the previous 2006 WTSM model, land use projections were developed for low, medium and high growth scenarios for both future horizon years. For the new 2011 model updated projections are needed for both the base year (2011) and horizon years (2021, 2031, and 2041). The 2011 update builds upon the work completed in 2006. For the horizon years matrices representing a range of different potential land use scenarios are needed. The generic future forecast scenarios are low, medium and high growth. In addition to the basic growth scenarios, three expansion scenarios were developed to capture travel demands which could result if land use patterns in the future changed. This report documents the development of these land use inputs. The development of the land use inputs can be divided into four broad steps. • 2006 base development; • 2011 base development; • Rebasing the future year forecasts: low, medium and high growth; and • Expansion scenario development. Each of these steps are discussed in the following sections. The development of the land use inputs has been an iterative process and the forecasts have evolved throughout the model development. 1 TN29 : Demographic Inputs 2 2006 Base Development The focus of this report is on the development of the land use scenarios for use in the updated 2011 WTSM model. However, the 2011 land use scenarios are based on the work undertaken previously to develop the land use scenarios for the 2006 model. Therefore this section on the 2006 base development is provided for completeness and to enable the reader to fully understand the inputs to the development of the land use scenarios for the 2011 model update. James Newell of Monitoring and Evaluation Research Associates (MERA) completed the 2006 analysis. The full report1 on the development of the 2006 base run is included in Appendix A and he states: The population projections have been implemented by Monitoring and Evaluation Research Associates (MERA) in a region wide area unit level development model using the demographic assumptions from the December 2007 Statistics New Zealand local authority projection, 2006 census results and consultation with local authority officials. The demographic / development model is matched as closely as possible at area unit level with those assumptions. However, the fitting process means that summed over any individual local authority and inter-censal period the small area resulting projection can vary by around 100 from the target net migration rate. Population change has three components: • Residents of the area move away (migration out) and people move in from other areas (migration in), giving the change due to migration (net migration). Net migration itself has two components: internal migration, being movement of people between locations within New Zealand, and external migration, people travelling to or from overseas. • Residents of the area die (characterised by the mortality rate). • Residents of the area give birth, thereby creating new residents (characterised by the fertility rate). Net migration is the most critical of these three components, and it is the one with the greatest degree of uncertainty attached. It is also the one area over which the actions of the Territorial Authorities in the Greater Wellington region can have a positive or negative influence. When discussing the population projection starting point, James Newell goes on to make the following statements. There are three different means of determining the initial population of the region from which the population projections are made. WTSM uses the Census enumerated usually resident population, which counts the people who usually live in 1 WTSM Demographic Projections Report 2006 Base Run for GWRC and SKM, prepared by James Newell of MERA, 2008. 2 TN29 : Demographic Inputs the Wellington region, were present in New Zealand on Census night and were enumerated in the census. It also includes Wellington region residents who were temporarily away from their homes but still in New Zealand on Census night. The selection of the census enumerated usually resident population2 rather than an adjusted estimated actual population is influenced by the fact that the modelling process involves the synthesis of a wide range of statistical inputs arising from the population census drawn from a range of census periods. Adjustment to determine the estimated actual population relating to all of the inputs is much harder than that involved in adjusting aggregate population estimates based on one census. The forecasting process is oriented to looking at the increments of change in population, employment, households etc. rather than absolute figures. The difference between estimated actual and census enumerated populations is known as the net census undercount. Estimation of the net undercount for any one census has a high level of uncertainty and is an evolving science. Differences between the undercount estimates for successive census are much smaller than the actual undercount rate for any one census. This is the error factor that is associated with comparing census counts for different census. Of more impact on the modelling estimates are the variation (in many cases increasing) rates of unspecified or uncoded values for some census questions. The large and increasing proportion of workplace trips not coded to an area unit is a good example. The census enumerated count does not include residents temporarily away overseas on Census night or residents “missed” by the Census (estimated at 1.3 percent for
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