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Issue # 36 May 2019

www.buddhaair.com

tigerLand visit Bardia, where culture & wildlife unite

Patan beyond klxnf] p8fg Mangalbazar Tamang g]kfnLkg, Heritage g]kfnL dg Trail

facebook.com/buddhaair @airbuddha @buddhaairnepal f ree r ! fly power to fo a d o Mobile App w n l D o TU RE S F EA App The On Directly Pay & Search Club Royal Your To Login Profile Own Your Create Guest As Login fingertips your at Ticket Offline Status Flight and Ticket Check Information Flight Detailed Get Travel Next Your For Inspiration Get Destination www.buddhaair.com Download the Download

37 Namaste and welcome on board Buddha Air!

I would like to wish our flyers a Happy Nepali New Year 2076 BS! In 2075, we celebrated many wonderful milestones like the addition of two more ATR 72-500 aircrafts to our fleet family (9N-AMU and AN-AMY), the launch of our revamped website and mobile app and also the start of night flights to Bhadrapur. As there is an increase in demand for convenient air travel, we hope that these facilities will help to make your journey favourable and comfortable. We have some wonderful news to share visiting the lesser known areas of Mangalbazar in Patan with you for this Nepali New Year. From 27 May 2019, we (Attractions of Patan Beyond Mangalbazar) and visiting are operating nonstop and direct flights between Kolkata the beautiful garden paradise of Godavari. If you are and Kathmandu. Along with flight connections to these looking for an escape from the capital, “A Weekend Away cultural cities, our travel subsidiary, Buddha Holidays has From Kathmandu” is sure to invigorate your wanderlust. holiday and pilgrimage packages to Kolkata, Jagannath Check out our “Get Featured” section to see the Temple of Puri and Gangasagar, and also around cities in wonderful photos captured by our flyers of their journeys Nepal like Kathmandu Valley, Pokhara, Chitwan, etc. with us. We want to hear from you. Please send us We hope that our cover story, “Bardia: Nepal's your photos, feedback suggestions, experiences and Tigerland & Cultural Corner” will inspire you to go testimonials - they could be featured in the next edition to Bardia National Park at Nepalgunj. Besides being of Yatra. a wildlife haven owing to its huge conservation and Thank you for choosing to fly with us. I hope you have preservation efforts, Bardia is also renowned for its a pleasant flight. unique Tharu culture. This issue, we have highlighted some of the best things you can do around Kathmandu valley (5 Things Birendra B. Basnet To Do In The Capital), like going for a hike to Chandragiri Managing Director, Buddha Air (Chandragiri Hike: For Best Views of the Himalayas),

In-flight magazine Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal Published by:  Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd., Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal e-mail: [email protected]

Editorial Board : lKhagendra Bahadur Basnet lSubarna Kharel lUL Shrestha lRatna Rai lD.K. Karna Copy Editor: lKabita Thapa THE SDGS ARE 17 GOALS COVERING ALL ISSUES TO ACHIEVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE FIRST 6 SDGS ADRESS SOCIAL ISSUES

1 in 4 people live 2 in 5 children 3 women die 71% of youth Only More than half on less than $1 suffer from stunting or due to pregnancy in Nepal can read 46 out of 100 the population don’t a day chronic malnutrition, related causes for and write married women use a piped water supply which is the cause of 1 in every 1,000 children born participate in major 32% of the 1 in 20 formally The Social Protection 3 deaths in children in Nepal decisions in their life population practices Expenditure out of educated youth have under-five 37% of women open defecation the total national 40,000 people obtained vocational and currently aged 20-24 budget is 11.3% Poor nutrition is get Tuberculosis skill based education 22% of the population got married before the involved in more than every year has no toilet 97.2% of age of 18 half of all child children are deaths. 1 out of 5 thirty year 3 in 4 households 1 in 5 youth who old people would die enrolled in primary 2 in 3 women do not have belong to marginalized, The Global Hunger before their 70th birthday education have never told access to minority and disabled Index is a measurement from any of cancer, 1 in 2 youth and adults anyone about the violence sewage facilities communities are of world hunger. On the diabetes, lung and heart have technical and they have experienced unemployed Index Nepal’s score of diseases vocational skills 21.9 is classified There are only 6 out of 10 as “Serious” due to Due to malnutrition 4 48% of 7 women households food security problems. out of every 10 students for every have an improved toilet children are too short complete secondary 10 men enrolled in facility that is not shared 36% of people for their age education higher education with other households eat less than the minimum daily For more information about the SDGs in Nepal, please Data Sources: 4 out of every follow: requirement of - Government of Nepal 100 children born die Facebook: SDGsinNepal | Twitter: @SdgsNepal calories needed for a - United Nations before their 5th birthday healthy life www.un.org.np | www.sdgsinnepal.org Issue

May do not have access to sewage facilities 2019 More than half the population don’t Data Sources: - Government of Nepal - United Nations contents use a piped water supply 32% of the population practices open defecation 22% of the population has no toilet 3 in 4 households 6 out of 10 households have an improved toilet facility that is not shared with other households Only enrolled in

2 in 3 women have never told cover story 38

46 out of 100 married women participate in major decisions in their life 37% of women currently aged 20-24 got married before the age of 18 anyone about the violence they have experienced There are only 7 women every for 10 men higher education follow: bardia

Nepal's Tigerland & www.un.org.np | www.sdgsinnepal.org www.un.org.np formally youth and adults 48% of students complete secondary education Cultural Corner Facebook: SDGsinNepal | Twitter: @SdgsNepal Twitter: | SDGsinNepal Facebook: 71% of youth in Nepal can read and write For more information about the SDGs in Nepal, please Nepal, in SDGs the about information more For 1 in 20 educated youth have obtained vocational and skill based education 97.2% of are children enrolled in primary education 1 in 2 have technical and vocational skills 4

16 Ka, Kha, Gha 44 cfsfzsf 6«flkms

3 women die 3 women due to pregnancy related causes for Learning Nepali, made easy every 1,000 children born in Nepal 40,000 people get Tuberculosis every year 1 out of 5 thirty year old people would die before their 70th birthday from any of cancer, diabetes, lung and heart diseases Due to malnutrition out of every 10 are too short children for their age 4 out of every 100 children born die before their 5th birthday 1 in THE FIRST 6 SDGS ADRESS SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL ADRESS SDGS 6 FIRST THE 36% of people eat less than the minimum daily requirement of calories needed for a healthy life 2 in 5 children from stunting or suffer chronic malnutrition, which is the cause of in children 3 deaths under-five nutrition is Poor involved in more than half of all child deaths. The Global Hunger is a measurement Index On the of world hunger. score of Index Nepal’s 21.9 is classified as “Serious” due to food security problems. 24 A Weekend Away From $1 Kathmandu 10 Handling the

11.3% “Heads of 1 in 4 people live on less than a day THE SDGS ARE 17 GOALS COVERING ALL ISSUES TO ACHIEVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN ACHIEVE TO ISSUES ALL COVERING GOALS 17 ARE SDGS THE the State” 66 /fh]z xdfnsf From styling hair of the prime minister lk|o % k':ts The Social Protection Expenditure out of the total national budget is who 1 in 5 youth belong to marginalized, minority and disabled communities are unemployed to some of the top businessmen in the country, Amitabh Bachchan Thakur’s job is as interesting as his name Trekking

Photo: Ram Chandra Sedhai Tamang Heritage Trail A cultural trek with the perfect blend of the Himalayan people and their culture

l Surendra Rana

t an estimated distance of 80 km, the who had migrated between Nepal and ancient Anearest trekking destination towards Tibet. Their customs and cultures are highly the north of Kathmandu is Langtang National influenced by Tibetan culture. Park. A trek towards the national park also The Tamang Heritage Trek delves into the takes you along Langtang and Gosaikunda. different villages of Rasuwa district. You can Towards the west of the Langtang trek is see houses built with wood crafted doors and the Tamang Heritage Trek. The region is windows and people decorated with beautiful predominately inhabited by the Tamang ethnic ornaments and local dresses . Unfortunately, community, who are the oldest horse traders the devastating 2015 Nepal earthquake

6 destroyed most of the traditionally built that provide delicious snacks and Kathmandu - Syabrubesi (1503m) villages, and people have been using tin vegetarian cuisine. You will depart Kathmandu on a bus sheet roofs. The trail was developed and The trail passes through different from Balaju Bus Park. The drive takes launched in 2005 by UN/TRAP as part of its elevations, where you might have to trek you along the Trishuli River, via Galchhi, rural poverty alleviation program through uphill and downhill and even through some Dhading and which takes up to 10 hours. tourism. The trail passes through several landslide areas. The effort is all worth it The hilly road passes through Trishuli, Tamang villages starting from Syabrubesi, for the experience of the authentic village Betrawati, Kalikasthan, Ramche and Gatlang, Chilime, Tatopani, Nagthali, life of the Tamangs, green lush forests, Dhunche. Driving forward in the winding Timure, Bridim to Syabrubesi. If you want terrace fields, river streams with abundant hill, you finally reach Syabrubesi; a small to move further, you can combine the trek Himalayan flora and fauna. town which has extensive shops, hotels towards Gosaikunda. The people of the Tamang ethnic group are known for their rich Himalayan tradition and culture. They speak Tibeto- Burman language. You will find clusters of villages with the backdrop of the stunning snow capped mountain ranges. The Tamang Heritage Trek gives you spectacular views of Langtang Lirung (7245m.), Langtang Kerung, Dorje Lakpa (6989m.), Jugal Himal, Ganesh Himal, Paldor Peak, Sringi Himal, and Sanjen Himal ranges. The trail is well equipped with local lodges, teahouse lodges and homestays Ganesh Himal range from Nagthali viewpoint Gatlang village

7 Trekking

Local woman spinning wool by hand Photo: Ram Chandra Sedhai and lodges. This is the entry point for the confluence of Sanjen River and Brimdang Tatopani - Nagthali (3165m) trekking trails of Langtang and Gosaikunda. River. Trekking for 20 more minutes takes The next day starts with a gentle walk you to Chilime Village. Once you cross the onward to the village of Brimdang. There Syabrubesi - Gatlang (2238m) suspension bridge, stop over for a much is a monastery here and the winding trail The Tamang Heritage Trek starts from needed lunch. After lunch, you will trek takes you to an open meadow at the top. Syabrubesi. You will need to trek a steep further towards Gonggang Village, where Yaks are a ubiquitous sight, always seen trail for 2 hours to reach Bahundada. The you can opt for an overnight stay or move grazing the open fields. The hill station gentle trail moves forwards to Gatlang further towards Tatopani. The trail towards is a great location to get expansive and Village - where you will stay for the night. Totapani is a gentle trail and takes about wide views of the Langtang, Gosaikunda, The beautiful Tamang village is densely one and a half hours. Tatopani is famed for Trishuli River and the valley of Syabrubesi. populated and has over 600 households. its hot springs. Lodges are available for an During the monsoon season, it is difficult If you are willing to climb 40 minutes overnight stay. to walk the wet trail as there are chances uphill, take a side trip to the holy of leeches attacking your feet. lake of Parvati Kunda. The kunda Staying for the night at Nagthali Itinerary is of religious importance because is never disappointing! You can even local people gather yearly to perform Kathmandu - Syabrubesi take a side trip to Taruche Viewpoint rituals. The Cheese Factory close by ( 8-10 hr jeep / bus drive) along Pasang Lhamu (3726m) in the morning. The viewpoint is also worth a visit. On a clear day, Highway via Galchi) is about one and a half hour walking Langtang Lirung Peak is visible towards Syabrubesi - Gatlang (4-5 hr trek) distance along the barren ridges. The the eastern side. Gatlang - Tatopani (4-5 hr trek) trail heads northward overlooking Tatopani - Nagthali hill Ganesh Himal range, Paldor Peak and (5 hr, Side trek to Taruche viewpoint 3 hr) Gatlang - Tatopani (2607m) panoramic views of Langtang and Nagthali - Thuman (3-4 hr) The next day, get ready for a Gosaikunda. From Taruche Viewpoint, Thuman - Bridim (5-6 hr) downhill trek along the maize fields. besides the amazing mountain vistas Breedim- Syabrubesi (4-5 hr) The trail drops along the river and you Syabrubesi- Kathmandu of the Tibetan region, you can see few will reach Goljung Besi, located on the villages too. The area is grazing land

8 Highlight of the Trek

Best Time To Visit: All season (October to November in the fall and April to May for clear views) Elevation: Max - Nagthali (3240m) and Min - Syabrubesi (1460m) Duration: Approximately 5 days Trek Level: Easy to moderate Permit Fee: Langtang National Park fee and TIMS fee Accommodation: Lodges, teahouses and homestays Food and Beverages: Nepali cuisine (Dal, Bhat, Tarkari), noodles, Tibetan cuisine, soups, etc.

Attractions Tamang community, experiencing Tibetan- influenced village life, hot springs, Buddhist monasteries, Cheese Factory for yaks and other animals. Be ready for and obviously the spectacular views of some high speed winds as well. There are the peaks of Langtang, Ganesh Himal, no shops or accommodation facilities at Gosaikunda, and even Kerung! the viewpoint, so it is advisable to take a thermos of hot tea. monastery that was heavily damaged by Kerung northward towards the Chinese Nagthali - Thuman (2338m) the devastating earthquake of 2015. border of Tibet. This trail heads downhill, where you While the shorter and lower is a direct will descend through the midst of forests Thuman - Bridim (2229m) trial that sharply descends towards the and grazing land. It takes two to three There are two trails to choose from the suspension bridge to cross the Bhotekoshi hours to reach Thuman Village. This village village. The straight upper trail leads to a River. As the suspension bridge was has a police post (checkpoint), several cliff path, that passes through Dahalfedi slightly damaged by landslide during the lodges and hotels. The village faces east and Rasuwagadi Hydropower Station. 2015 earthquake, you will need to be with mesmerizing views of Langtang. Timure is a small town a few kilometers careful and tread lightly when crossing it. The village has over 300 houses and a along the highway. The highway leads to The trail than meets the highway, and you

Trekkers enjoying the Tamang Heritage Trail will reach Lingling Village. A steep ascend of 2 to 3 hours takes you to Bridim village.

Bridim - Syabrubesi A 2 hour steady trail leads to Khangjim Village, which concludes your Tamang Heritage Trail. From the village, the trail descends sharply from 2 to 3 hours and you will cross another suspension bridge and you will arrive at Syabrubesi. Trekkers who would love to extend their trek will need to continue to Langtang Village via Sherpagaon. Then, you will take a jeep or bus back to Kathmandu.

9 profile Handling the “Heads of the State” From styling the hair of the prime minister to some of the top businessmen in the country, Amitabh Bachchan Thakur’s job is as interesting as his name

10 with Barshaman Pun & Former Parliament Speaker Ansari Gharti Magar

with Businessman with Prime Upendra n today’s age of quick access to Minister KP Mahato Sharma Oli Iinformation, it is quite impossible to ignore the coverage of political news. Often, we see heads of state and other people in high power in news and social was with my uncle and he tried to fix a Bhatbhateni Beauty Parlour, which is media, talking about the nation’s issues. job for me for days.” He adds, “My uncle located next to the namesake Bhatbhateni Political people appear as constantly in searched far and wide to find a job for Temple in Naxal. the limelight, as celebrities do. However, me but couldn’t manage to get one.” However, Amitabh’s struggles weren’t unlike celebrities, we rarely think about Finally, one day, Amitabh’s uncle decided finished. As the youngest worker in the the people behind the leaders who groom that if he could not manage a job on that shop, Amitabh worked without wage them for their daily appearances. Have particular day, then he would send the for almost a year. Then the next year, he you ever wondered, "Who could be the boy back to his village. But luck struck started getting paid half the salary of the hairdresser behind the prime minister? or Amitabh and he managed to get work other barbers in the shop. He also had to "What are their routines and how often as a hairdresser in a small shop named do chores for the older barbers. He had to does a leader get a haircut?" cook, wash dishes and clothes and clean Meet Amitabh Bachchan Thakur. A their communal living space. “I couldn’t man as interesting as his name. Amitabh complain because I was the youngest.” he is a barber but he isn’t your average Just like a Bollywood said. Amitabh worked for 10 years for his salon hairdresser. Where his story gets movie, Amitabh’s story has first boss. One day, when his boss decided interesting is that he provides his services humble beginnings. He to sell the shop and move to Malaysia, to the prime minister, education minister was born in a village in Amitabh bought the salon. and other high-profile clients. Rautahat and managed to The shop was small and could fit no Just like a Bollywood movie, Amitabh’s more than 2 clients at a time. However, story has humble beginnings. He was only study till grade three. Amitabh persisted through thick and born in a village in Rautahat and managed He left his home and moved thin. A year after buying the store, he to only study till grade three. He left his to Kathmandu when he was got his first high-profile gig when he was home and moved to Kathmandu when about 12 years old. requested for his service by Min Bahadur he was about 12 years old. “I struggled Gurung, the Chairman and Managing a lot when I first came to Kathmandu. I Director of Bhatbhateni Supermarket.

11 profile

After that, success followed as his services have to be on standby, since I get a call ministers do not prefer to dye their hair grew more popular. Some of his notable only an hour in advance. These are really or style it in exotic ways but they prefer clients include Nepal's current Prime busy people so it could be any time of the a good head massage. Also when cutting Minister KP Oli, the former prime minister day. Once I get the call, I have to carry my their hair, I suggest suitable hairstyles that Sushil Koirala and the first president of tools and head out quickly.” says Amitabh. would look good on camera. Anyone can Nepal, Dr. Ram Baran Yadav and current Amitabh provides haircuts and facials cut hair, but it takes a special eye to know Minister for Energy, Water Sources and to his clients. “I try to give each client the which style would suit each face.” Irrigation, Barsha Man Pun. Amitabh best of my services. Since they are the Amitabh keeps separate tools for Bachchan’s clients also include the former heads and political leaders, I feel pride his top clients and sterilizes scissors and presidents of Non-Resident Nepalese in my work and give a “VIP” service to combs after each trip. “This is part of Association, Shesh Ghale and Upendra them.” he says. When asked what he my special services for the VIP clients.” Mahato. means by a “VIP service” Amitabh replies, he says. He also uses special creams and When asked about how he managed “Since my clients are always stressed lotions for them. to gain the trust of these important and dealing with a lot of issues, after As a hairdresser for some of the most heads with their “heads” for him to cut my session, they leave feeling fresh. The important people of the country, one hair, Amitabh is humble in his answer, cannot help but wonder if Amitabh chats “I believe I got this far thanks to my about the current political scenarios personality and honesty. I make clients Amitabh keeps separate with his VIP clients. However, Amitabh feel at ease and comfortable.” he says. is a professional, so he sticks to his Amitabh is usually found in his shop, until tools for his top clients hairdressing and small talk. “I don’t have he gets called for duty by high profile and sterilizes scissors and much interest in politics so I try to stay clients. “I get called in usually before combs after each trip. away from the subject.” says Amitabh as important meetings or political events. I he chuckles. “They ask me about how I

12 have been and about my home, business Regarding what next? Amitabh’s goal is individuals in high places, we fail to and family. I don’t think I’m allowed to to expand his business and set up more recognize the many people behind them discuss serious topics with them anyway!” shops around Kathmandu. Currently, his that directly or indirectly, help them to It has been almost a decade since shop receives about 30 clients a day and reach where they are. Amitabh’s story is he began running his own shop and he has 5 people working under him now. one such example of a humble person gaining clients of such importance. There is a saying in Nepal, “A king supporting some of the top heads of the Today, Amitabh has shifted his shop to bows to no one except to God and a country in his own, humble way. a more spacious area just in front of barber.” Indeed, often when we see the Bhatbhateni Temple and close to Bhatbhateni Supermarket in Naxal. His shop has many framed photos of himself and his clients. There is a picture of him standing next to the Late Sushil Koirala. He also proudly displays the appreciation letter that he received from the office of the Prime Minister, KP Oli. Amitabh feels that he has come quite a long way in his career. From a young boy looking for a job in the nation’s capital to serving clients that run the nation, he says that he feels truly blessed to be serving people of such high importance.

13 activities

Things to do in CAPITAL

athmandu, the city that reflects Nepal’s culture, tradition and civilization, is a small world in itself. With Kthe alarming rate of population growth in Kathmandu in the past few years, anyone can easily assume its magnetism and fascination. There are numerous aspects to this sudden population upsurge in the capital. First, the opportunities it offers to those willing to endeavor and second, the conveniences. Life in Kathmandu is like nowhere else. The expansive city lies under the shadow of hills and mountains and attracts an unbroken stream of ambitious national and international travelers, keen to unlock the secrets of this ancient place and to enjoy the cosmopolitan hustle and bustle. Many denizens believe that there are certain whys and wherefores that attract them to take a leap to the capital. There are numerous indulgences that keep the city blunt yet sought after. For those indecisive few who can't think of what to do when in Kathmandu, here is a list of "5 Things To Do In the Capital."

1. Nagarkot Sunrise Witnessing the sunrise from Nagarkot (32 kilometres from Kathmandu) is the most popular goings-on in Kathmandu. The glimpse of sunshine above the snowcapped mountains including Mt. Everest, is an experience of a lifetime. Nagarkot Tower at 2175 m gives a 360-degree panoramic view from east to west. Mt. Numbur, Cho Oyu (8201 m), Gaurishankar (7134m), Dorje Lakpa (6966 m), Shisha Pangma (8013 m), Langtang (7246 m), Ganesh Himal (7406 m), Mt. Manaslu (8163m), and Mt. Annapurna are some of the mountains you will see. This early morning experience at Nagarkot, of the first rays of the sun, adds warmth and brings all who are sleeping to life.

14 2. Yoga Classes Nepal has a wonderful blend of Buddhist 4. Mountain flight and Hindu philosophies. This blend also offers Summiting the highest peak of the world is not achievable choices in meditation and yoga. Several thousand by all. But, touching it with your soul and eyes is a possibility, years ago, yoga rishis reflected nature through thanks to mountain flights. It is not merely a flight but an their yoga practices, which is still followed by exploration, a journey to spirituality as you get closer to the yoga training centres, Kathmandu's temperate most pristine form of nature. The one-hour worth spectacular and mild monsoon climate makes it suitable for flight is an experience that will leave an imprint in your life. On yoga practices all year round. The spiritualism of the flight, you will witness panoramic mountains of majestic Kathmandu is rarely affected by modernization, heights. so mastering yoga and rejuvenating your inner self in the mornings is easier and more effective here.

3. Cycling Kathmandu is an intriguing, yet infuriating city at the same time. Its maddening traffic and crowds make you wantto escape somewhere else. If you truly want to travel along the secret and calming side of the capital city, cycling is the best option. Whether you're a beginner or expert, the trails around Kathmandu will keep you excited. Easy paths to challenging and technical single tracks are what the undulating hills offer. While you discover more of Kathmandu, you are likely to be addicted to cycling. Some popular cycling trails are: 1. Kakani – Budhanilkantha 2. Budanilkantha- Kapan 5. Visit Temples in Kathmandu 3. Kathmandu –Pilot Baba Ashram Hinduism is a dominant religion of Nepal, and Kathmandu 4. Thamel- Nagarjuna Hill. provides a good reflection of this. One of the best ways to explore Nepali culture and Hinduism is to visit the many temples you will find around the nooks and corners of the city. Along with religious ties, these temples are architecturally important too. Most of these temples can be visited year round and are open for 24 hours, but the best time to visit is early mornings, where true bliss and peace can be experienced. Some of the temples and stupas of Kathmandu Valley to visit are Pashupatinath Temple, Boudhanath Stupa, Dakshin Kali Temple, etc.

15 learning

s v u Ka, Kha, Ga Learning Nepali, made easy

anguage, as a whole, is not just a way to communicate, helps them to communicate with Nepalis, especially in the but also a form of culture. Language, in any country, rural parts of the country, and at other times, they learn it Lsociety and community reflects the culture and is a for the love of the language. huge part of the heritage. Nepali language is probably one There are many language institutes that provide of the most fascinating languages for non Nepali speakers. language classes to the tourists and expats in Kathmandu. Even for those who speak the language, it gives a hint of These institutes help the learners navigate the Nepali literature, even if it might not be considered as one of the language according to their needs, making it easier for poetic languages of the world. Many people visit Nepal, just them to learn at their own pace. Here are a few institutes to learn the language and practice it, whether they are here (and private tutors) who can help you to learn the official as a tourist, a volunteer or an expat. They learn it because it language of Nepal more efficiently.

16 Bishwo Bhasha Campus providing trainings such as cooking Bishwo Bhasha Campus is the only classes and English language classes for language teaching college/campus the housekeepers and nanny services. affiliated to Tribhuwan University. They Focused mostly for the expats, ECS Services provide two language programs - the also offer Nepali language classes for Himalayan Language Program (Nepali, foreigners. Depending on the need of Sanskrit, Newari, and Tibetan) and the the learner, they provide private classes Foreign Language Program (Italian, Russian, as well as group classes. Although they Spanish, French, German, English). The do not have regular sessions in a formal Nepali language classes start from February setting, you can customize your class 1 to middle of June as winter semester (including how many can participate and from middle of July to middle of at one time) and pay accordingly. December as summer semester. To know more, contact ECS Services Many people visit To know more, you can contact them 014426439, located in Maharajgunj, Nepal, just to learn at 1-4228916, 4226713. The campus is Kathmandu. the language and located at Exhibition Road, near Nepal Tourism Board. Social Tours practice it, whether Social Tours is a specialized tour they are here as a Alliance Française de operator whose idea is to support social Katmandou development through tourism activities. tourist, a volunteer The French cultural institute in Although Social Tours' language classes are or an expat Kathmandu, popularly known just catered to those who come to volunteer as AFK, offers Nepali language classes and get immersed in the culture of Nepal, you might just want to write to them to see if you can have a class on demand. For more information on how you can get involved, contact them at info@socialtours. com or visit them at Thamel, Kathmandu.

The Nepali interpreters The Nepali Interpreters provides translating, language facilitating and interpreting services and also provide private tutors for those interested in learning Nepali languages. regularly, although you will have to contact To know more, visit their website at www. them to know when the next class will start. thenepaliinterpreters.com To know more about the classes, from the prices to time period, contact them Besides the above mentioned at [email protected] where their institutions, you can also find many coordinator Angelique will guide you. They individual private tutors who teach Nepali are located in Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur. language and give lessons according to your needs. Nepali language is not that hard to ECS Services learn. Plus, you will extra points with the ECS Services is one of the popular and locals, even if you speak broken Nepali. reliable service providers in Kathmandu,

17 heritage

Attractions of Patan beyond Mangalbazar

18 Photo: YetiCrafts atan, one of the largest city in Nepal is mostly famous for its Phistorical and cultural features. Known as Yala in Nepali Bhasha (Newari language), Patan has been an epic center of craftsmanship since medieval Nepal. It is believed to be built during third century BC by the Kirat Dynasty which was later expanded by Licchavis in sixth century. Gradually, it was expanded immensely by the Mallas in medieval period. Along with its tradition of arts and crafts, Patan is rich in cultural heritages.

19 heritage

Side by side, it is also known as the city of festivals and feasts, fine ancient art and manufacturing and design hub of metal, stone and wood carvings which can be widely observed in its buildings and public spots (Bahal, water spouts and courtyards). Patan holds a major significance in Buddhist and Hindu cultures and its influence can be felt with a full display of religious art, temples and monasteries. There are around 1,200 Buddhist monuments in this city with several number of Hindu temples including Krishna Mandir and Baglamukhi. Despite having several diverse attractions, Patan Mangalbazar, an area located at Patan Durbar Square has become a center of attraction. But, there is more to Patan beyond Mangalbazar. Most of the tourists visiting Patan are limited with Mangalbazar, Krishna Temple, Durbar Square and Baglamukhi Temple. However there are other attractions that should be frequented to know more about the historical and cultural significance of Patan. Here are other attractions of Patan mentioned below:

Pim Bahal Pond Pim Bahal Pond is one of the unheard attractions of Patan. Lots of domestic and foreign tourists visiting Patan miss this pond since it is a hidden gem of the Patan, with a three tiered Chandeswari Temple that was built in 14th century. According to the locals of Pim Bahal, this pond was built to overcome the water shortage. The people living in Lalitpur had faced acute water shortage in the 14th century, necessitating the need for a pond. Pim Bahal Pond is currently being renovated. Ashoka Stupa

Ashoka Stupa hence the name, Golden Temple. The temple is beautifully It has been said that this city was built in the shape of decorated with prayer wheels, more than a dozen of bronze Buddhist Dharma-Chakra that is four mounds situated at the statues of gods, goddesses and protectors, such as lions, perimeter of Patan, one at each corner of its major points. elephants. It was built in the 12th century by King Bhaskar These mounds are also known Ashoka Stupas. Based on the Verma. history, it has been believed that in 250 BC emperor Ashoka visited Kathmandu Valley and had built four ancient stupas Rudra Varna Mahavihar at the four cardinal directions of Patan area that are situated This is a Buddhist Monastery made out of images and at Pulchowk, Lagankhel, Ebahi and Teta respectively. statues of metal stone and wood. It is located at Wokhu Bahal in Patan with a belief that Kings in ancient times Hiranya Varna Mahavihar (Golden Temple) were crowned in this monastery. This monastery was built Hiranya Varna Mahavihar monastery also known as by Lichhavi King Shiva Deva in sixth century AD. There are Golden Temple is located at the Kwa Bahal. It is one of the 15 gold plated Chaityas kept in the rooftop of the temple. major attractions of Patan as the monastery is gold colored, Passing through the gate way, you are welcomed by two

Ashoka Stupa It has been believed that in 250 BC emperor Ashoka visited Kathmandu Valley and had built four ancient stupas at the four cardinal directions of Patan

20 stone carved lions. You can also go to Ubaha Gathicha Tushahity (The Royal Bath) where three deities Shakyamuni Buddha, Chaitya and Tushahity is a masterpiece of stone carving that is Lokeswara are situated. made for royalty. According to the locals in the ancient times, kings used to take bath at Tushahity that is located Nagbahal at Patan Durbar Square. This Royal Bath has been Nagbahal is the heart of the Patan city that has decorated with 74 statues of god and goddess, made out two major historic and religious attractions. One is a of stone. The royal family used to take bath at the spout stone water spout and another is a black statue of Lord and made those statues of god and goddesses so that Buddha. The ancient history of the stone water spout they could worship all deities at once. can be traced back to 11th century, and is also known as Nag Bahal hiti. Around 5,000 residents live in this area, Sundhara (Golden Water Spout) and most of them are from the Newari Most of the community with Buddhist background. people are aware about the golden water spout located in Kathmandu but there is another golden water spout in Patan. People used to be dependent on this spout for water but owing to the dense population in the area, there are constraints in water sources these days.

Tusahity 21 Nagbahal Hiking

Chandragiri Hike For the best views of the Himalayas

s one of the many hills encircling hikers are treated to the sweeping view Kathmandu Valley, Chandragiri of the valley below. The mountain ranges Ahas long been a religious are known to play hide and seek with you destination for Nepalis. At a height of until you reach the summit where the 2,551m, it offers one of the best views of skies open up for the glorious views. the Himalayan range from Kathmandu. On the top of the summit is the The hill is easy to summit on a day trip, renovated Bhaleshwor Mahadev Temple. making it perfect for those visitors who Hindu devotees believe the temple has are short on time but need to experience the power of fulfilling the wishes of the the best of what Nepal has to offer - visitor. Surrounding the temple is a newly adventure, hiking, and the Himalayas. established park with a restaurant and viewing tower. The viewing tower gives RECOMMENDED ROUTE you an unobstructed 360-degree view This recommended route lasts up to from Mount Everest in the east to Mount 3 hours and it starts from Machhegaun Dhaulagiri in the west along with the which is the base of Chandragiri Hill and views of the high hills in between the ends at the summit. It is best to start the valley. hike early in the morning so you can get Chandragiri has recently introduced At a glance the best views of the mountain range an impressive cable car facility. The Duration:3 hours and the valley. The trail winds through gondolas, with wide screens on all sides, Difficulty:Easy. Suitable for the green forest as you leave behind commute in between the deep crevasses beginners. the residential village. The zig-zag route of the hill, which makes for an exciting Start location:Macchegaun quickly takes you up the hill, as the valley ride. You can choose between taking the Permit: None drops below. Throughout the jungle route, cable car or hiking all the way down.

22 THE LONGER ROUTE TRAVEL TIPS FOR CHANDRAGIRI HILL The alternative longer route to l Wear comfortable clothes & good shoes. Chandragiri takes around 5 hours. l Carry at least a litre of water. Like earlier, the hike would either l Park lunch or snacks for a quick bite begin or end at Machhegaun. The along the way. popular itinerary is to start your hike l Bring sunglasses and a cap/hat. at Hattiban Resort in Dakshinkali and l Best time to go is during September continue all the way up to Champadevi to October where the weather is Hill and finally reach the summit of ideal and the skies are clear for Chandragiri Hill. The longer route also mountain viewing. promises more scenic views and the l One-way cable car ticket costs Nrs. hike is relatively easier as well. The 600 to 1,300 (differs according to downhill hike to Machhegaun takes up nationality). to 2 hours. Then, you can take a taxi or A hike to Chandragiri is perfect for Highlights bus back to Kathmandu. a short getaway for anyone visiting Witness mountains like the Annapurna Kathmandu Valley. Some even consider range, Mount Everest, Langtang, HOW TO GET TO THE START POINT the view of the Himalayas better than Manaslu, and more. Take a taxi or preferred vehicle that seen from Nagarkot! Travelling Easy hike through green forests right from your hotel in Kathmandu to to Chandragiri gives you a taste of outside the city. Machhegaun. walking the Nepali trails and enjoying mountains.

23 weekend holiday

A Weekend Away From Kathmandu

athmandu, with each passing day, Kis turning into a dustbowl. Not just the pollution but with the crowd and the traffic and the fast-paced life and the day to day works, sometimes one starts wondering about an escape from this city. With family and friends, and basically bumping into people we know the time and again, one long for a getaway. But getting a getaway from Kathmandu is tough. The nearest popular destinations are both around 4-5 hours drive away. Oh yes Pokhara and Chitwan, we are looking at you. But don’t worry, in this article, we bring you lists of places you can go for a quick weekend trip so that you can unwind without worrying about the distance.

24 Banepa Chandeshwori Temple is one Around an hour or so away from of the highlights of Banepa in the Kathmandu, Banepa is a small Newar town old town. The mural of Bhairav just in Kavrepalanchowk. A historical town in the back of the temple is in its own sense, Banepa is known as not to be missed. You can also Bhonta in Newar language, as it was one of check out the nearby town like the routes to Tibet. According to legends, Nala, Sanga, Dhulikhel King Ananda Dev Malla founded and even Panauti, seven cities after receiving through hiking. various favors and directions from Goddess Chandeswori, Where to and among these cities is Stay: Banepa Banepa. Stay

25 weekend holiday

Nuwakot Nuwakot is a paradise if you love hills, it is after all known as the city of nine hills. Also a historic town, this place was a capital of Gorkha Empire before King Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered Kathmandu Valley and shifted the capital to Kathmandu. Before Prithivi Narayan Shah, the place was one of the trade routes for India-Tibet trade, looked over by the Newars of the valley, making it one of the important trade hubs. The Nuwakot Durbar, built by Prithivi Narayan Shah is one of the sites to see in Nuwakot. You can also hike around the town, walking up and down the hill. The Nuwakot Bhairabi and Taleju Temple are also one of the important temples in the town.

Where to Stay: Famous Farm

26 Kulekhani Kulekhani, situated in Makwanpur District, is home to Indra Sarovar, a reservoir for Kulekhani Hydropower Projects. Perfect for a relaxing weekend, this place is the one for you if all you want to do is chill. Roaming around the reservoir, boating around and fishing are few of the activities you can do here. This place is also ideal for those who miss the lake city but can’t afford to travel for more than a day or two. On the other hand, you can also visit nearby Newar bazaars of Chitlang, Chaimale, and Markhu, if you want to explore more. These villages, along with Kulekhani, are also excellent places for bird watching and hiking.

Where to Stay: Local hotels in Markhu and Chitlang are recommended.

27 weekend holiday

Bhotekoshi and Sunkoshi Bhotekoshi and SunKoshi rivers are part of the Koshi River basins, known for their whitewater currents. Both of them are popular destinations for people who love aquatic adventures. From rafting and kayaking to canoeing and bungee, the bank of this river has various adventure spots and resorts. Besides the river based sports, you can also hike around the forest towards the small villages surrounding the places you are staying. The resorts are also perfect for team building activities with your friends and colleagues and are popular destinations for office retreats.

Where To Stay: The Last Resort or Sukute Beach Resort.

Malekhu on the bank of Trishuli river, just play on the beach with your You might have passed by Malekhu is a popular destination friends. Malekhu is situated Malekhu each time you have gone for water-based adventure sports around two hours drive from for a trip towards western Nepal. like rafting and kayaking as well Kathmandu. You might also have taken a break as for the famous Malekhu ko or two in this small settlement Machha, the fishes from this Where To Stay: Camp out at during those trips, for snacks or area. You can also go hike around the river bank. just to stretch your legs. Located the villages and settlements or

28 EXPERIENCE

Mountains & Tigers A Journey Across Nepal

Meghan Verbeek (left) after Everest Experience Flight

wish my flight back to Australia would be cancelled so I can stay rubbish everywhere tarnished the views of the mountains. “Proper “I longer in Nepal,” Meghan says jokingly. From the flightseeing waste management along the trekking trails would make a major tour of the Himalayas on Buddha Air’s Everest Experience mountain impact for Nepal. Creating awareness at school regarding ‘Reduce, flight to getting intimate with the Bengal Tigers of Bardia National Reuse and Recycle’ campaigns around environmental conservation is Park, Meghan loved every aspect of her journey around Nepal. The crucial.” accommodating nature of the people in Nepal made her feel safe. Travelling around Nepal, Meghan also picked up on a few Nepali She has travelled to many countries, with Nepal being the 60th on phrases, which she says she will try out in Australia as well. Some her list. Meghan feels that Nepal is safe for solo female travel. “The of her favourites were, "Dhanyabad, Namaste, Thik Cha (Okay?) and kind people we’ve met have bent over backwards to make our travel la jam jam (let’s go)." And the cuisine was another delight too. She safe and enjoyable, to a level we are just not used to. This trip has expected the Dal Bhat to be bland, but the combination of vegetable completely spoiled me. When I return to Australia, I will be wondering curry, chutney and a warm bowl of Dal was perfect. “Now I understand where my driver is, and why no one is checking in with me to ask if I the phrase, ‘Dal Bhat Power 24 Hour!” remarked Meghan. She loved am doing okay.” the momos too and hopes to make them back home for her friends Her itinerary in Nepal took her around Kathmandu, Nepalgunj, and boyfriend. Bhairahawa and Pokhara, but Bardia was the best surprise. Flying to Her trip to Nepal concluded with a flight over Everest with her Nepalgunj with Buddha Air and driving to Bardia National Park, she parents. Talking about the flight, Meghan said, “Working for Intrepid actually got to see the elusive Royal Bengal Tiger! It was a hot day and Travel, we send thousands of people to Nepal every year and so many the tiger was coming out of the long grass to take a dip in the river to of them do the Everest Experience mountain flight. We recommend cool off. And if that wasn’t enough, she even got to see a One Horned the flight to everybody and being able to do the flight with my parents Rhino, deers, crocodiles and bird species. “I don’t think most people felt like a dream.” Her father, a retired pilot with experience flying actually realize that there’s so much more to Nepal than its majestic in the Canadian Rockies, praised the skills of the Buddha Air pilots. Himalayas. To actually see these animals was simply unbelievable and He understands the complexities of flying through mountainous a highlight of my visit to Nepal. Being within such close proximity to geography and the resulting fluctuating climates. Her mother was tigers and rhinos was truly unbelievable! It was one of the best days impressed with the professionalism and helpful nature of Buddha of my life!” She commended Nepal’s efforts for the preservation Air’s staff and flight attendants. and conservation of its tiger population. She is creating a new Nepal Meghan Verbeek is the Destination Manager for Nepal, India, Sri Lanka itinerary for Intrepid that will include a visit to Bardia for 2020/21. and Bhutan for Intrepid Group, in Melbourne. Growing up in Calgary, Canada, Meghan does have a small recommendation for Nepal’s tourism she used to go camping hiking in the Rocky Mountains. It is no surprise that efforts. While trekking from Pokhara to Sikles with an all-female group, she would enjoy the adventure travel industry. She has spent many years she saw a huge problem with plastic waste, which is an issue around backpacking around the globe and eventually travelled to Nepal in 2019. the world as well. Even purely on an aesthetic note, seeing plastic l Pramod Pokhrel

29 book

30 An Introspective View of the Life of Michelle Obama

n life, there are very few things that remain devout And he was none other than Barack Hussein Obama. Ito us till the end. The observance we receive from They were married in 1992 in a traditional manner. Like reading and the proficiency we get from living our day all love stories, Barack and Michelle's story had ups to day life are some of them. Life is full of obstacles, and downs, but the moments where they shared their and we have to get through them to excel. I must say, fondness, oversight and compassion played vital roles Michelle Obama's 'Becoming' should be on the your in making their story great! Personally, their love story book shelves if you need a book about how to succeed was not a typically Disney fairytale, but a corporate in life. I was pretty delighted to get my own paperback a fairytale of bonding, respect and giving each other month back, and writing this review is a glorious feeling. space to grow. As I turned the pages, I become more closer to After marriage, kids were Michelle's priority. She Michelle. Her voyage through the pages were exactly always wanted to have babies, a committing husband what I was looking for! Most of us want a simple and and a sweet home with dogs. But as it said, "Man fulfilled life without too much of an adventure, and makes plans, and God laughs." As it went, Michelle's so does Michelle. Michelle grew up in a middle class sweet home was none other than The White House. family and was a studious child. She writes that she When Barack was the President of the United States was stubborn and ambitious even when she was in from 2009 to 2017, and Michelle was the first lady, The kindergarten. She showed early potency in music, and White House was where she played her part of a good started taking lessons at home. Very few of us can learn mother, wife and First Lady. Mothers are protective and from our failures in good spirit, and she's no exception. responsible towards their kids and Michelle was no But what makes Michelle stronger is her conviction and exception when raising Malia and Sasha. She describes passion to start again with each failure. her motherhood beautifully, which For Michelle, family is always a top priority. She all mothers would surely love and Title: Becoming believes that her family and friends are her backbone. cherish when reading it. As The Author: Each person around her holds a remarkable place in First Lady, even though she did not Michelle Obama her life. She encourages them with a great sense of have enough time for her daughters Publisher: Crown Publishing Group love, care, and respect. and husband, she organized her Price: NRs. 1600 (approx) Michelle aspired to pursue her higher education time well, which benefitted their at Princeton University - and started working towards lifestyle and healthy eating. that goal from her school days. Her road to Princeton Reading a book like 'Becoming' is about was not as easy as people claimed it to be. Many understanding life's unexpected triumph, like how had speculated that she was not Princeton material. Donald Trump became the succeeding President of Despite all the demurral, she was undeterred. Reading The United States after Obama. It is an inspiring and about her ambition to crack Princeton was interesting. interesting story with a flavors of realism. She wrote Quoting Michelle, "Failure is a feeling long before it her heart out without caring about being judged and becomes an actual result." biased. Lastly, I would like to end my review with her After Princeton, she was bound for Harvard Law words that touched me most, "It’s not about being School, which turned out to be her greatest life perfect. It’s not about where you get yourself in the achievement. Love from her parents, faith of her end. There’s power in allowing yourself to be known teachers and the music from her south side, she felt and heard, in owning your unique story, in using your it was no less than climbing a mountain. Right at the authentic voice. And there’s grace in being willing to time she was at Harvard, another individual, who was know and hear others. This, for me, is how we become.” busy climbing his ladder came knocking at her door.

31 food Uncovering Artivism in Cafe @ NexUS

l Samikchhya Gautam round a 10 minutes' walk along the environment friendly area. The seemingly old AKupondole-Pulchowk road, lies this nature- cafe defends itself with 90% of the reused and consumed cafe named Café@NexUs. The cafe recycled materials that preserves environment at is a portrayal of how Artivism looks like in a its best. The sitting space inculcates a small stage physical form. Established by the conceptual for performances and open mic programs. It can artist, Ashmina Ranjit, the cafe exhibits a strong accommodate up to 40-50 people at once. To body of her works in this extravagance of NexUS. the right of the space is the building with artist Her work in Lasanaa, a previous conceptual residency rooms, studio and an event terrace. platform for artists took a physical form with Café@NexUs serves as a cafe that has local/ opening of NexUs in the year 2007. international food menu, an artist residency The cafe opens to a 2 storey building in with minimal charge for stay (inclusive of a small nature filled scape. To the right is breakfast), exhibition studio and a platform for parking and going left directs you to a dense performances, talk shows, healing workshops 32 etc. A junction to meet world From the beginning of time renowned artists, philosophers, as Lasanaa to being NexUS, activists from different Ashmina Ranjit, along with backgrounds, scholars and artists from all over the world influencers, NexUS was the have successfully conducted first cafe in the valley to start events like awareness through the concept of open mic. Every wall arts, street plays, social fortnight on Tuesdays, there is events for children, storytelling a open mic where enthusiasts program from the virgin lands of from are free to break their Nepal and beyond, art classes to suppressed silence, share ideas, possible groups, and so on. brainstorm solutions and new Apart from crossing cafe ways to uplift the society. boundaries for its art related “The sole motivation to activism and serving, Ranjit establish Cafe@NexUS is to bring also tries to open international the conceptual form of Lasanaa doors of opportunities for into reality.” said Ranjit. “We did her in-house artists at NexUS. events as Lasanaa, but to be able Ashmina herself takes part in all to bring together all the artists, of the known art conferences internationally, be it to taking part in Women of World March Given a better in Pakistan, Art Exhibition in platform and Taiwan or Activist Conference opportunity to explore, in Japan. Ranjit is a part of all and has strong PR with scholars we have idiosyncratic we sensed the need of branding through and artists. She tries to break artists at NexUS physical space. That is how NexUS came the boundaries of her artists and expose who can complete at to operation as a cafe to add a unique them internationally too with the help of any level. I strive to flavour”. The long term vision for NexUS her PR. become that medium is to run art camps for disadvantaged children and create equal opportunities Appetizing Food Menu at Cafe@ —Ashmina ranjit— like privileged children would get. Their NexUS: recent art movement includes giving The cafe has vegan and vegetarian photography lessons to minority group options with guaranteed unique taste. in Sindhupalchowk and teaching them Green Salad, Chatamari, Pizza, Momo, how to weave stories in photography. The Pancakes made with full wheat or team arranged a professional camera for buckwheat with attention to health and all its students and this masterpiece has alternatives to food allergies are the been exhibited in around 5 countries with specialties of the place. more in the future awaiting!

33 flower

GODAVARI A Garden Paradise

odavari’ is so named after its abundant gardens. King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah. Spread in around 210 acres ‘GLocated in Lalitpur, Godavari (1500m) is a beautiful of land, the yard is a home to 550 species conserved plants. rural escape. The greenery, dazzles of the flowers and According to history, the yard was to be established the birds chirping make this a romantic and preferred in 3rd Ashadh 2018 BS. With the suggestion of foreign destination for couples. scientist, Dr. Harklet, numerous gardens were constructed. Godavari holds both a natural and religious significance. This resulted in the establishments of Community forest, Some places of religious importance here are the viceless Orchid House, Green House, Water garden, Rock Garden pond, Naudhara (Nine taps), and temple. The natural and Research Centre. beauty of Godavari include Botanical Gardens, river, jungle, Various educational institutions bring the students to hills and highlands, Panchadeval, Shantivan, Godavari Fish the Botanical Garden as an educational tour during winters. Farming and even St. Xavier’s School. The place is also crowded by the gatherings, picnics and Godavari Botanical Garden day out among friends and families. Beyond was established in 2019 BS this, it is also a popular dating spot for (Nepali Year) to preserve the young couples. endangered and local floras. A huge statue of Gautam Buddha It was inaugurated by the Late stands tall in Shantivan, Godavari.

34 You will be filled with bliss and peace when you visit this place. The weather is always autumn-like in Godavri, with a cool breeze and soothing temperature. The garden is more visited during the summers. Godavari is also the entry point to Pulchowki (2800m), which is the tallest hill in Kathmandu. You can reach Phulchowki by hiking, biking or driving. You will need to buy a ticket to tour the botanical gardens. There are restaurants and cafes around the garden. You can also find dozens of hotels, restaurants and resorts in and around Godavari. You can get accommodation here as per your budget. The road from Lagankhel, Lalitpur is a perfectly smooth drive up to Godavari. There are local buses and micro bus services to Godavari from Lagankhel. For those who own private vehicles, driving up to Godavari is easy and comfortable.

35 travel / mobile app

Comfort in Your Commute Through Ride Sharing

ide sharing apps in Nepal are in the blooming used ride sharing apps. Rphase. Two companies, Tootle Nepal and Pathao After booking the ride and setting the pickup and Nepal have realized that for people who do not own drop location, the apps will automatically connect private vehicles, they are compelled to use public you to the nearest ride. The riders' information like transport and taxis to get from point A to point B. the bike number, license number, etc can be viewed Besides the constant complaints of having to by swiping up or it sometimes pops up on the bargain with taxi drivers as they refuse to use the screen. For emergency, Pathao has an 'Emergency meter or charge exorbitant prices, the demand for Button' in the app for riders' and customers' safety. taxis has decreased due to informal inflations and When tapped, a representative will quickly respond continuous bargains. to the emergency. Both apps have live tracking of As it is becoming economical to purchase two- the ride to ensure safety. In case of any misconduct wheelers and people in that is noted by any the valley have access party, the guilty person is to smartphones, this permanently suspended created an untapped from using the app. market opportunity for These ride-sharing ride sharing in Nepal, apps have positively from which emerged disrupted the traffic and Tootle Nepal and Pathao added value for money Nepal - the two mostly since its inception.

36 All you need to do is set your pickup and Pathao serves 90% of the ride sharing drop location and let Tootle do the rest! app in Nepal with 24 hours service —Mr. Sixit Bhatta— —Mr. Asheem Man Singh Basnyat— Owner of Tootle Nepal Regional Director for Pathao Nepal

Tootle Nepal is a local brand that started in Nepal. It was Unlike Tootle that is a local company, Pathao is based in founded in 2016 by Sixit Bhatta, a businessman with Bangladesh, but it started its operations in Nepal during experiences in Marketing and Communications. Once you September 2017. Mr. Asheem Man Singh Basnyat, the Regional have downloaded the Tootle App, you are on your way to Director for Pathao Nepal is passionate about introducing taking your next ride share. "All you need to do is set your international facilities in the Nepali market. Basnyat realized pickup and drop location and let Tootle do the rest!" says Mr. the importance of an efficient transportation in Nepal after Bhatta. spending 8 years in Beijing, China. "I saw Beijing transform The pickup time varies due to location and traffic. Location right before my eyes," he said, emphasizing the importance sharing is fundamental to the app, which can pinpoint exact of development. locations on the map of where the customer will be picked "Pathao now serves as 90% of the ride sharing app in up and dropped off to. Tootle's services are available from Nepal, with 24 hour service", says Basnyat. 6 am to 10 pm. "It's not just customers' safety that we are Pathao is available for customers who require ride share concerned about. It's about our riders' safety too. Operating facility even after 10 pm. During the day time, the minimum the night shift is risky for both individuals, that's we only pickup time is about 2 to 5 minutes, and the maximum varies operate till 10 pm." as per traffic flow. To become a Tootle rider, you will need to: To become a Pathao rider, you will * Register via the Tootle app and fill in the required need to: documents. * Register online * If need be, you will need to verify the documents at the * Visit its office for mandatory verification. office. * Attend a 1 - 2 hours of rules, * Accepting and adhering to the Tootle rules and regulations. regulations and law reminder * You are now a registered Tootle rider! sessions at the office. The riders' work is not a mandatory 6 am to 10 pm job. If you break any of the rules and "Some of our riders are journalists, and becoming a Tootle regulations, a penalty is charged as per rider is an extra earning during their free hours. Most of the company policies. riders are students who are saving up for their tuition fees," Above all, Pathao is proud to says Sixit Bhatta. be an income source for its riders, After its huge success in the valley, Tootle has its eyes set and especially for specially abled on expanding in Pokhara. riders too. It is an achievement that It is curious to know that Tootle never started with specially abled riders can use the intention of being a ride sharing company. this platform to earn as well. As "We initially planned on tracking 'Sajha Bus' of now, Pathao has 15 specially abled to locate their travel time and pinpoint exact riders who are offering their services. locations. Unfortunately, this idea failed and we started Tootle," remarked Mr. Bhatta. Bhatta said that most of For ride costs in terms of distance, Tootle's riders are aged between the cheaper one among the two are: 18 to 25 years. No major road Distance Travelled Ride Share causalities and dangers have been reported since the two 1,6,7,8 km Pathao years of its operation. However, Tootle did face some legal issues 2 km Tootle or Pathao that have already been addressed and solved in less than a month. 3,4,5 km Tootle

37 cover story Bardia Nepal's Tigerland and Cultural Corner

l Amrit Bhadgaunle

e're midway through 2019 and Bardia has already received an award and a mention Wfrom reputable organizations. The world's leading travel trade show, ITB Berlin awarded Bardia as the "Best Eco-Tourism Destination of Asia Pacific Region." This award was in recognition of the initiatives for sustainable tourism and excellent conservation efforts. The most recent mention is by Lonely Planet, a reputable and trusted guidebook that listed Bardia National Park as one of the best places to see the Bengal Tigers in their natural 38 Photo: Deepak Rajbanshi Photo:

39 cover story

Thakurdwara is the main entrance to Bardia National Park. Four new entrances were added in 2018 which are Ambasa (Amreni), Rambhapur, Chepang and Banjaria. All these entrances will take you to Bardia National Park. Besides providing convenience to travellers, the entrance has also led to establishments of new homestays and hotels. The oldest entrance, Thakurdwara has 26 hotels and resorts, of which Dalla Community Homestay is located nearby. Homestays in Dalla have been established in 17 Falgun 2067 with the support of Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) project of WWF. According to Mr. Salikram Yogi, Secretary of Home Stay Management Committee, habitat. According to the article, there are The best season to watch the tigers only 3890 tigers living in the wild out of is during the Nepali months of Falgun to which, over 80 tigers live in Bardia alone. Ashar. You will need at least 4 days to get Bardia is an excellent "This news spread a positive message the best out of what Bardia has in offer destination in the in the world, supporting the promotion of for you - from its wildlife adventures to world. Whether you're tourism in Nepal," commented Mr. Deepak cultural experiences. A budget of around a wildlife enthusiast Raj Joshi, CEO of Nepal Tourism Board. NRs. 15,000 is sufficient for your Bardia or researcher, Bardia Bardia National Park is best known as adventure. is the place to be. We the home of the trinity of the big three The national park has been visited by are promoting tourism mammals - Royal Bengal Tiger, One-horned dignitaries and celebrities as well, keeping and preserving the rhino and the Asiatic elephant. The park is a Bardia in the limelight in the foreign uniqueness of Bardia shining model for a destination renowned press as well. In 2010, actor and activist for its wildlife, sustainable conservation Leonardo DiCaprio had travelled to Bardia —deepak raj joshi and Tharu culture. In stark contrast of as a Goodwill Ambassador of WWF. On 21 CEO, Nepal Tourism Board starting out as a hunting reserve for March 2016, Prince Henry of Wales visited Nepal's royalty in 1968, Bardia is now the park and rafted from Gainda Machan the income is good from tourism. receiving accolades for its preservation to Baghura, and even spent time at Dalla According to Mohanlal Chaudhary, and conservation efforts. Since 1988, the Homestay too. Mr. Alastair Driver, the Chairman of Eco-Tourism Development park was rebranded as a national park in Main Advisor of UK's Prime Minister and Forum, Thakurdwara has a capacity for 1988. The park covers an area of 968 sq. his team had visited Bardia for 9 nights 550 beds. Thakurdwara is enriched with km and its main objective is to preserve recently. tourism facilities as well, like major banks the wildlife that lives in the park. and ATM services, hotels and resorts offer free WiFi and restaurants serve Nepali, How To Reach Bardia Chinese and Continental cuisines. National Park? Hotels and resorts have already Take a direct flight from Kathmandu opened in Bhuriguan and Amreni. The to Nepalgunj, and from Nepalgunj, process of building hotels have started at it is about 2.30 hours drive towards the Chepang entrance while homestays Thakurdwara from Ambasa. like Janakpur Community Homestay, Tharughar Home Stay are already established in Banjaria. Stakhaluwa Bardia Community Homestay is located near the National Nepalgunj Park Kathmandu Rambhapur Entrance. For those who want

40 and easiest way to explore the whole of the jungle of Bardia National Park. Jeep safaris can be arranged as per your need. Half-day packages offer a 40 Purchasing km tour of the jungle in 4 hours, while full day packages take a 70 km tour of the Souvenirs jungle in 8 hours. There is Jungle Walk : A guided jungle walk is an array of the best way to explore the park if you do handicraft items not want the noise of the jeep to disturb you can choose the wildlife. from to take You can choose from half-day or full- as souvenirs of day jungle walks. It is advisable to carry Bardia National trekking cane, water bottles, cameras and Park. From binoculars when you opt for a jungle walk. baskets and pen For half day walks, you will need to pack holders to idols breakfast, while for full-day walks, you will of elephants need to pack breakfast and lunch. and rhinos. You can even Rafting : Go for an aquatic adventure buy Tharu as you raft through either Karnali River or dresses and Gerua River. The rafting will amaze you pieces of with its beautiful jungle aesthetic and jewellery as lowland scenery and encounters with well. aquatic and terrestrial beasts. Full day packages are available from Chispani Bridge to Dualtpurghat and to visit Krishnasar Preservation Area, go to Yadav Homestay in Khairapur. Homestays Rising Stars are also available in Bansagadhi as well. The Nepali year 2076 BS has been There are 4 dozen guides who are in active service marked as "Visit Bardia Year" with the in Bardia National Park. Among the many guides, slogan, "Bardia for Tiger Watching." The Rajman Chaudhary and Deepak Rajbanshi are popular slogan was chosen as the whole world and sought after the most. is working towards doubling the tiger Rajman and Deepak are maternal uncle and population by 2022 A.D. The good news is, nephew. Rajman is 41 years old and has been working Rajman Chaudhary the population has already doubled from as a nature guide for over 20 years. Deepak is only 24 2016 to 2018. years old and has 4 years of guide experience. Whenever there is a dignitary or famous personality who What To Do At Bardia National Park? visits Bardia National Park, Rajman is appointed as the tour guide, as he is experienced, a conservationist and also a social Elephant Safari : Go deep into the worker. He has been collecting foreign aid to build schools, jungles while you're perched high on an provide scholarships, etc for his locality. elephant. The elephant safari usually lasts Under the mentorship and influence of his uncle, Deepak up to 2 hours, which is ample enough has also grown to be an experienced guide. Besides being a to take a scenic tour of the park and its guide, Deepak has also taken up wildlife photography. He has wildlife. a plan to organize a photo exhibition in Kathmandu to mark the "Visit Bardia Year 2076." Deepak Rajbanshi Jeep Safari : A jeep safari is the fastest All the best to these rising stars!

41 cover story

Nepalgunj: Economic Hub of Western Nepal

epalgunj is the one and only city throughout Nepal Mushaira, the poetic symposium of the Muslim Nwhich is named after the country itself! The western community adds cultural richness to the city. And then economic hub, Nepalgunj is the district headquarter of there's the Bageshwori Temple, Province 5. The city is culturally, linguistically and religiously which is a wish-fulfilling Hindu diverse in nature. temple. Inside the temple, you The people of Nepalgunj live with a strong sense will find the unique statue of Lord of brotherhood and mutual understanding. The urban Mahadev with a moustache! This populations are mostly Hindu, Muslim and Sikh, which unique moustachioed Mahadev means you will find temples, mosques and gurdwaras. During cannot be found anywhere else festivals of the respective religions, the whole city celebrates in the country. them with respect, whether they're celebrating Dashain, Eid Nepalgunj is also connected or Baisakhi. Rupaidiha checkpoint of the Nepal - India border Nepalgunj is 16 km south from Kohalpur while travelling on the east-west highway. Nepalgunj Airport, also known as Ranjha Airport serves the city and is connected with daily flights between Kathmandu and Nepalgunj. The roadway connects Kohalpur with Surkhet, Jajarkot, Kalikot and the Karnali province. Taking the Kailali - Chisapani route, you can reach all the districts of Sudurpaschim province. Nepalgunj is the entrance of Karnali and Sudurpaschim provinces. to Rupaidiha checkpoint of the Nepal - India border. This is the entry point to go to Lucknow, a famous city in India. It takes up to 5 hours to reach Lucknow Raabadi sweets from Rupedia. Nepalgunj is also the gateway to Mansarovar, a holy place in Tibet. Pilgrims can take their flights from Nepalgunj to Simikot and Humla. Even helicopter rides from Simikot to Hisla to reach the Tibetan border are available. Then, the pilgrims will need to travel via vehicle to reach Mansarovar.

US Ambassador Randy Berry enjoying Nepalgunj 'biryani' 42 To promote the combined tourism of three major destinations of western Nepal; Rara Lake, Bardia and Shuklaphanta National Park, we have initiated a Wild West Triangle. Within a week, you can visit these destinations and enjoy an ecstatic experience —AMAR BAHADUR SHAHI CAMPAIGNER, Wild West Triangle from Chisapani Bridge to Hattisar. Half find Tharu clothing, weapons, jewellery day packages are available from Gainda instruments, utensils, statues, etc. Maichhan to Khauracross. A Tharu Village tour give you an authentic Fishing : Besides rafting, Babai and experience of living the life of a Tharu Crocodile Sightseeing : The Karnali rivers are also perfect fishing spots. and some villages even offer homestay Crocodile Breeding Centre is located at Before you begin to fish, you must obtain facilities. Thakurdwara, where breeding of Mugger permission from the park administration. crocodiles and Gharials are done. The Once you've caught the fish and taken a Local cuisine : A big part of local culture centre was established in 1986. Alongside mandatory selfie, you have to release the and tradition is its cuisine! The cuisine the breeding centre is a Tortoise Breeding caught fish back into the river. of the Tharus offers many unique dishes Centre where 10 species of tortoises are like Anadi Rice, Barmuwa, Gunghi (edible bred. Filming : The vast lowlands, dense snails) Dhikri (made from rice flour), etc. jungles and the gentle rivers of Bardia These dishes are known for their spicy and Bird Watching : Keep your eyes peeled National Park are perfect materials for you distinct flavours. and your binoculars ready as you scour the to film a nature documentary! Besides the trees to spot the beautiful birds of Bardia beautiful natural environment, the wildlife Thakurbaba Visit : There is also a National Park. The park is home to over and unique culture are sure to add a touch temple located at Thakurdwara known as 500 species of birds like Black Stork, Lesser of magic to your film. Thakurbara Temple. Thakurbaba is what Florican, etc. the locals call Lord Vishnu. During Maghi Village Tourism : The mid-central festival, there is a huge celebration that Museum Visit : To truly experience region of Bardia National Park is inhabited takes place at the temple. Worshipping the lifestyle and understand the culture by the Tharus - an indigenous ethnic group Thakurbaba is believed to fulfil wishes. of the Tharu, a visit to the museum is a of the southern foothills of Nepal. They are given. Located near Thakurdwara, you can best known for their sense of community. Camping : At Bardia National Park, there are permitted zones where you can camp. These areas are the Lalmati and Guthi regions where you can make a tent and spend the night. In the solace of night, you can take pleasure in listening to the calming sounds of birds chirping and movement of animals. But be warned, you are not permitted to travel outside the tent.

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47 JolQmlrq

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kfO{+ k|x/L xf] <Ú  r':tb'?: t /d] zaxfb'/  s'Fj/nfO{ cToflws dfgl;s bafasf sf/0f ;'?df r'gf}tLk"0f{ …t dfG5] x¿ ;f]lw/ xG5g\ . nfu]  klg pgL sfddf la:tf/ } cEo:t eP . …slxn]  lxdfn, pgL k|x/L xf]Ogg\ . t/  k|x/Ldf egf{ x'g rfxGy] . b]zdf slxn]  kxf8, slxn]  t/fO{df kf]l: 6ª x'g],Ú  s'Fj/  ;'gfpF5g\, o'4 rln/x] sf]  x'gfn]  cfdfa'afaf6 :jLs[lt kfPgg\ . To;kl5 …km/ skm/ s :yfgdf sfd ug{ kfpFbf emg}  cfgGb cfpF5 .Ú  lzIfs aGg] ;kgf a'Gg yfn] . sIff ( / !) nfO{ tLg jif{hlt /f8f/ df /x] sf]  ;"rgfsf cfwf/df kfOn6nfO{ lgb]{zg ug{ ul0ft ljifo k9fP klg . …t/ bfOx¿n] P6L;Ltkm{ hfFbf l7s kfpFbf v';L x'G5g\ pgL . s'g ljdfg sxfF pl8/fv]sf] 5, x'G5 eg]/  s/  ug'{eof],Ú  s'Fj/n]  ;'gfP . 7"nLcfdfsf]  5f]/ f /  slt prfOdf 5, cjt/0f xF'b} 5 ls p8fg ug] {tof/Ldf km'k'sf]  5f]/ f b'j}  hgf p8\8og 5h:tf ;"rgf P6L;Ln]  /f8f/ dfkm{t\ hfgsf/Ldf /fV5 . If]qd}  sfd ug] { x'gfn]  o:tf]  …w] / nfO{} ljdfg p8fg s;/L x'G5 eGg]  yfxf x'Fb}g,Ú  !% k|:tfj :jfefljs lyof] . jif{b]lv P6L;Lsf ¿kdf sfo{/t s'Fj/  eG5g\, …kfOn6nfO{ bfOx¿;Fu s'Fj/n]  af6f]  b]vfpg]  hflu/  vfg]  dfG5]  xf} + xfdL . ;8sdf 6«flkms P6L;L k];faf/ ] k|x/Ln]  h]  sfd u5{g\, xfdLn]  klg cfsfzdf ToxL ug] { xf] .Ú  hfgsf/L lnP . )%( pgsf]  cg'ejdf kxf8L If]q /  t/fO{df P6L;Lsf]  sfd df Pl6;Lsf nflu u/fO km/s x'G5 . …kxf8sf ljdfg:yndf leh'cn km\nfO6 cfj]bg v''Nof] . ?n -eLPkmcf/_ cGtu{t kfOn6 pgn]  gfd p8fgdf kfOn6n]  cfkm}+n]  aflx/sf]  jftfj/0f x]/ /]  lgsfn] . kl/jf/  klg clgjfo{ P6L;Lsf]  p8fg u5{,Ú  pgn]  eg], …o: tf]  v';L eof] . lgb]{zg dfGg'k5{ cj:yfdf P6L;Ln]  kfOn6nfO{ df};dnufotsf ;fdfGo hfgsf/L lbFbf k'U5 .Ú  t/  ;dy/  efudf tyf cGt/f{li6«o p8fgdf kfOn6n]  OG:6«'d] G6 km\ nfO6 ?n -cfO{Pkmcf/_ cGtu{t /x] /  p8fg ug'{k5{ . o:tf]  p8fgdf kfOn6n]  clgjfo{ P6L;Lsf]  lgb]{zg dfGg' k5{ . …To;} n]  P6L;Ln]  uNtL u¥of]  eg]  b'3{6gf x'g]  ;Defjgf w]/ } x'G5,Ú  pgL eG5g\, …To;} sf/ 0f P6L;Ln]  PSn}  geP/ ;d"xdf sfd ug] {u5{ .Ú

6fj/sf k|sf/ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]nsf tLg o'lg6 5g\ M P/f]8«f] d sG6«f]n 6fj/, Pk|f]r sG6«f]n 6fj/  /  Pl/of sG6«f]n 6fj/ . oL tLg};Fusf]  ;~rf/sf cfwf/df kfOn6n]  ljdfgnfO{ ;'/lIft p8fg ul// x] sf]  x'G5 . != P/f] 8«f] d sG6«f]n 6fj/  M oxfF $ hgf P6L;L 5g\ . o;n] ljdfg:ynaf6 !) b]lv !* lsnf]ld6/ -% b]lv !) gl6sn dfOn_ leqsf] If]qdf kfOn6nfO{ ;]jf lbg]  u/sf]]  5 . @= Pk|f]r sG6«f]n 6fj/  M oxfF # hgf P6L;L 5g\ . !( b]lv () lsnf]ld6/ cyf{t %) gl6sn dfOn -dgsfdgf, gf/fo0f3f6, l;d/f, /fd] 5fk, nfnaGbL cflb_ ;Ddsf If]qdf o;n] kfOn6nfO{ lgb]{z u5{ . #= Pl/of sG6«f]n 6fj/  M o;df # hgf P6L;L 5g\ . %) gl6sn dfOneGbf aflx/sf ;a} If]qsf]  /vb]] v of]  6fj/n]  u5{ .

48 …r'gf}tL em]Ng] afgL kl/;Sof]Ú k|ltdf kf}8]n, Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f]n/, lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn

dL s]  sfd u5f} { <Ú sfd ug] { ;do kl/jt{g eO/xg]  x'gfn]  kl/jf/ df ;do Joj:yfkg …lt …Kn] gnfO{ af6f]  b]vfpF5',Ú  s;}n]  cfkm\gf]  sfdaf/ ] k|Zg ug{ d'l:sn x'G5 . sltkonfO{ kl/jf/  ;DxfNg}  ufx|f]  k5{ . t/  ubf{ k|ltdf pQ/ lblG5g\ . ;xof]uL >Ldfgsf sf/0f ;do Joj:yfkg ;lhn}  ul// x] sf]  kf}8] n nuQ}  pgn]  k|ltk|Zg em]Ng'k5{, …olt 7"nf]  cfsfz 5, ljdfg htf atfpFl5g\ . km/s–km/ s l;km\6df sfd u//]  klg pgn]  cfdf /  p8fP lg x'Gg <Ú a'xf/Lsf]  e"ldsfdf sdL cfpg lbPsL 5}gg\ . kf}8] n o;nfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnlG5g\ . …lsgeg]  d klg klxn]  P6L;Lsf]  sfd r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'G5 . …cem d]l8sn Odh]{G;L, ljdfgsf]  To:t}  ;f]Ry] F,Ú  pgn]  elgg\ . Ol~hg v/faL /  eLeLcfO{kLsf]  ofqf 5 eg]  r'gf}tL emg\ ylkG5,Ú  kf}8] n y'k|}  s]6fs] 6Ldf kfOn6 aGg]  ;kgf x'G5 . lsgeg]  pgLx¿nfO{ elG5g\, …P6L;Ln]  To:tf ljdfgnfO{ l56f]eGbf l56f]  p8fg /  cjt/0f yfxf 5, kfOn6n]  ljdfg cfsfzdf p8fpF5 . t/  P6L;Lsf]  sfdaf/] u/fpg ;xof]u ug'{kg] { x'G5 .Ú  eLeLcfO{kLsf]  p8fg eP ljz]if Wofg yfxf gkfPs}n]  gofF k':tf;d] t of]  k];fk|lt cfslif{t x'g g;s]sf]  lbg'kg] { x'G5 . …/ fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqLsf]  p8fg xF'bf cGo kf}8] nsf]  7DofO 5 . ljdfgnfO{ xf]N8df /fVg]  ul/G5,Ú  pgn]  elgg\, …cfsfzdf ePsf ljdfg d]l8sn Odh]{G;L, pgn]  ;fyLsf]  d'vaf6 of]  k];faf/ ] ;'g]sL cfsfzd}  /  hldgdf ePsf ljdfg hldgd}  /xg' k5{ .Ú  lyOg\ . To;a]nf pgL :gfts ;s]/  sfdsf]  ;'/IffnfO{ cfwf/  dfgL eLeLcfO{kL d'ed]G6 ePsf]  ;dodf cGo ljdfgsf]  Ol~hg vf]hLdf lyOg\ . P6L;Ln]  kfOn6nfO{ klg lgb]{z ljdfgnfO{ @) ldg]6 xf]N8df /flvG5 . o:tf]  a]nfdf xjfO 6«flkms v/faL /  eLeLcfO{kLsf]  u5{ eGg]  yfxf kfPkl5 o;k|lt pgsf]  rf;f]  hfd x'g]  u5{ . To;sf]  Joj:yfkg r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'G5 . …o: tf]  cj:yfdf ofqfdf P6L;Lsf] a9\ of]  /  cfj]bg eg{ k'lug\ . )^( ;fndf pgsf]  sltko kfOn6 l/;fpF5g\ . lrlgofF /  sf]l/ ofnL kfOn6 sd r'gf}tL emg\ ylkG5 tflnd ;'? eof] . tflnd nuQ}  pgL e/tk'/  l/;fpF5g\, ef/tLo cln a9L l/;fpF5g\,Ú  pgn]  cg'ej ;'gfOg\, …xfdL ljdfg:yn, lrtjgdf vl6Og\ . rflxF pgLx¿nfO{ ;DemfpF5f} + .Ú  …w] / } dlxnf P6L;Ln]  sf7df8f}+aflx/  hfg dfg]gg\,Ú  kf}8] nn]  ;'gfOg\, o:tf cK7]/ f ;Daf]wg ug{s}  nflu P6L;Lsf]  cfjZostf k5{ . …t/  d of]  sfd ug{ cft'/  lyPF . To;}n]  aflx/  hfg klg ufx|f]  kf}8] nsf]  gh/df ;kmn P6L;L ToxL xf]  h;n]  oL r'gf}tLnfO{ ;xif{ dflggF .Ú  jif{ lbg pgn]  e/tk'/  ljdfg:ydf sfd ul/g\ . ut rf/  :jLsf/  u5{ /  ljdfgsf]  ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbG5 . jif{b]lv pgL sf7df8f}+d}  sfo{/t l5g\ .

49 uGtJo 6'6]kfgL

tgx'Fsf] 6'6]kfgL ufpF k|s[lt, 08sL k|b]zdf xf]d: 6]  ko{6g km:6fpFb}  uPsf]  ufpFaf6 Ps 3G6f kbofqfdf ldn'{ªsf]6 k'luG5 . u 5 . ljz]iftM ToxfFsf u'?ª, du/ / ysfnL Tof]  8fF8fdf k|frLg b/af/ sf eUgfjz]if, eoF/yfg, ;+:s[lt /  cfTdLotfsf]  ufpFdf cuf{lgs vfgf, cfTdLotf, k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ af3sf]  vf]/ , /fgLkf] v/ Lnufot ;Dkbf 5g\ . lqj]0fL dflgG5 . b'O{ /ft / ;+:s[lt kfOG5 . To:tf ufpFdf b'O{ /ft a:g] u/L 6'6]kfgLaf6 rfln; ldg]6 lxF8fOdf k'lnd/fª xf]d: 6] df a;]/  ;]/ f] km] / f] df ofqf ubf{ tg / dg b'j} l/rfh{ x'G5 . k'luG5 . k'lnd/fª zxLbx¿sf] ufpF . ufpFsf] 3'Dgsf nflu ;'Gb/ uGtJo xf] 6'6]kfgL . efg' lz/df zxLb :df/ s 5 . ToxfF ))& ;fnb]lv cuf{lgs ofqf ug{ gu/kflnsf–!# tgx'Fdf kg] { 6'6]kfgL k|s[lt, ;+:s[lt ljleGg sfnv08df ;lxb ePsf of]4fx¿ nfnWjh ;lsG5 . !@ ;o ?k}ofFsf] / cfTdLotfsf] lqa]0fL dflgG5 . 6'6]kfgL -!,@&% u'?ª, zdz]/axfb'/ u'?ª, e/t u'?ª, wd{Wjh ld6/_ ufpFsf]  lz/fgdf ldn'{ªsf]6 -!,^$% ld6/_ u'?ª, ;a{l;+x u'?ª / x:tjL/ u'?ªsf k|ltdf Kofs]hdf vfhf, l8g/, a]8, 5 . 5g\ . a|]skmf: 6 /  nGr ;'ljwf em'?Kk u'?ª j:tL cfsif{s 5 . ToxfFaf6 lxpFbdf ufpFaf6 tn x]bf{ …JxfO6 n]sÚ b]lvG5 . kfOG5 . lxdfnL ns{g b]lvG5 . Tof] nx/df cGgk"0f{, e'OFs'lx/f]  hd]/  tfn h:t}  aG5 . 6'6]kfgL If]qs}  lxdr'nL, df5fk'R5]«b]lv ndh'ª lxdfn;Dd x'G5 . buf{ hfd] dl:hb / ko{6sLo kbdfu{x¿n] ;d]t oxfFsf] dxTj a9fPsf 5g\ . a'4 zflGt kbdfu{, ldn{'ªsf]6 kbdfu{ /  Sof;ld/L kbdfu{sf]  d'Voåf/  klg 6'6]kfgL g} xf] . ufpFd} 5 7"nf] 9'+uf . ljzfn 9'+ufdfly ¿v} ¿v Û 9'+ufleq l;4 u'kmf . u'kmfdf dxfb]j . ltgsf]  bz{g u/ ] dgf]sf+Iff k'/f x'g]  hgljZjf; . u'kmfdf Wofg a:g ;lsG5 . ufpF glhs}sf] ;'g;/L 8fF8f Eo" kf]OG6 xf] . ToxfFaf6 6'6]kfgL ufpF / lxdfnsf] /fd|f] b[Zo b]lvG5 . 8fF8fdf )&% df3df zxLb s[i0faxfb'/ u'?ªsf] k|ltdf /flvPsf] 5 . k|hftGqjfbL of]4f s[i0faxfb'/nfO{ k+rfotn]  )!* ;fndf xTof u/sf]]  lyof] . ufpFdf u'?ªsf #) 3/ 5g\ . tL dWo] !^ 3/df xf]d: 6]  u/fOG5 . Ps}k6s $% hgf af; 50 a:g ;S5g\ . tgx'F ko{6g k|j4{g ;ldlts ;+:yfks cWoIf xl/l;+x u'?ªn]  xf]d: 6]  ;~rfng ug{ ufpFn]nfO{ xf}: ofPsf x'g\ . )&@ j}zfvb] lv xf]d: 6]  yflnPsf] . !@ ;o ?k}ofFsf]  Kofs]hdf vfhf, l8g/, a]8, a|]skmf: 6 / nGr ;'ljwf kfOg] ;fd'bflos xf]d: 6]  Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf SofK6]g xf]daxfb'/ u'?ª atfpF5g\ . s[lif g}  ufpFn]sf]  cfDbfgLsf]  cfwf/ . v]taf/ Ldf ds}, sf]bf] , wfg, e§, s]/ fp, l;dL, ;AhL, cfn' pTkfbg x'G5 . e};L, afv|f / s'v'/f kfng ul/G5 . ufpFn]x¿ 8f]sf] , gfDnf]  y'G;]  cflb a'G5g\ . cr]n ko{6gsf]  pHofnf]  5fpFb}  5 . ko{6snfO{ :jfut ug] {pgLx¿sf] z}nL UfHha 5 . ufpFsf]  k|j]zåf/ b] lv xftdf km"ndfnf af]s] /  dlxnf / k'?if pleG5g\ . a// tfnL ahfpFb} :jfut u5{g . l;+9L r9]/ ;efxn gk'u'~h]n afF;'/Lsf]  w'g u'l~hG5 . xndf k'¥ofPkl5 ;'v zflGtsf] sfdgf / lj3\g afwf gk/f];\ eGb} uw{gdf labfOsf] If0fdf efj's agfpF5g\ . ufpF 5f8\g] a]nf l/kf -/IffaGwg_ afFlwlbG5g\ . clg vfhf vfFb} cfdf ;d"xn]  k|j]zåf/  cufl8 ;]n /f] 6L /  sf]bf] sf]  /S;L sf}/ f, kfpFb'/ ] -s[i0frl/q_, nf]suLt, r'8\sf /  /  ;fFw]sf]  u'Gb|'s lbG5g\ . To;df blIf0ff /fv] /  kms{g]  3f6'nufot gfrufgdf em'dfpF5g\ . a]nf cfFvfaf6 cfF;' em5{ . To;}n]  dgsf/L 6'6]kfgLsf]  xf]d: 6] df b'O{ /ft a;]/  j/k/ 3'Dg] of]hgf agfpg' a]; x'G5 . s;/L k'Ug]  M bdf}nLaf6 pQ/df 6'6]kfgL . k[YjL/fhdfu{sf]  8'd|]  /  bdf}nLaf6 6'6]kfgL hfg]  # j6f ;8s 5g\ . bdf}nLaf6 5fkyf]s–uf} / L: jfF/ f–kf] v] / L5fk x'Fb}  6'6]kfgL @$ lsdL . To;}u/ L bdf}nL–sn] : tL, ;dh'/– kf]v/ L5fk–6'6] kfgL @@ lsdL /, 8'd|]–;] kf au}+rf–;dh'/ – kf]v/ L5fk–6'6] kfgL @% lsdL . bdf}nLaf6 dWofGx !@ ah] / lbpF;f] @ ah] 5'6\g] a;df 6'6]kfgL k'Ug c9fO{ 3G6f . To:t} 8'd|]af6 lbp;f] !M #) ah] 5'6\g] a;df # 3G6f .

;Dks{ M 6'6]kfgL ;fd'bflos xf]d: 6]  xf]daxfb'/  u'?ª–(*)^&%(#^# cd/  u'?ª–(*$^@(^#*@ xl/l;+x u'?ª–(*%^)^)^(#

51 ;~hfn ;fdflhs ;~hfndf /dfpg]x?

slj gj/fh k/fh'nL sf]  nflu pgdf 5 . eG5g\, Úkm];a's k|hftflGqs 5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfn …clkm;Ú  xf]  . pgsf]  hlt n]v] lg x'G5 . h;sf] klg kx'Fr 5 .… sljtf jfrgsf lel8of]x¿ ;fdflhs g]kfnL /fhgLlt1x¿ eg]  l6\j6/df ;~hfndf efO/n eP . To;kl5 pgsf] ;lqmo b]lvG5g\ . rrf{ PsfPs r'lnof] . Psn sljtf cS6f]a/  #!, @)!* df km\ofS6\; l/;r{ sG;6{b]lv ljleGg cleofgdf pgL 8flsg P08 Pgflnl6S;n]  l6\j6/df ;jf{lws kmnf]  yfn] . clxn] pgL;Fu ;Dks{df cfpg ul/Psf k|of]ustf{sf]  ;"rL ;fj{hlgs uof] { . ;xh dfWod km];a's xf] . h;sf]  JolQmut !) s/f] 8 a9L kmnf]c{;;lxt uflosf s]6L pkof]uLtf af/ ] eG5g\, s;}n]  cknf]8 u/sf]]  k]/ L ljZj ;"rLsf]  klxnf]  gDa/df lyOg\ . d]/ f]  sljtf …XofKkL ay{8]Údf &) nfv Eo'h g]kfnsf nflu eg]  8fS6/  afa'/fd e§/fO{ b]v] + . To;df cfPsf]  k|ltlqmofn]  dnfO{ klxnf]  gDa/df b]lvP . ;g\ @)!# b]lv 5Ss kfof] { . km];a's x'GgYof]  eg]  s;/L ;lqmo pgsf]  JolQmut l6\j6/  XofG8ndf d]/ f zAbx¿ Toqf dfG5]df k'UYof] . !) nfv *) xhf/ kmnf]c;{ 5g\ . e§/fO{ pgL km';{b x'Fbf o'6\o'a / km];a's ljz]ifu/ L ;fdflhs /  /fhgLlts ljifodf rnfpF5g\ . d];] h k9\g /  hjfkm kmsf{pg n]Vg]  /  cGt/lqmof ug] { u5{g\ . ;do 5'6fpF5g\ . …d cfkm"nfO{ cfPsf]  ;a}  t'?Gt} ;"rgf cfbg k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u d];] h x]5{' . cfjZos k/sfx¿sf]]  l/KnfO k'¥ofpg]  ljleGg ;fdflhs ;~hfndWo]  klg u5{'Ú, pgn]  eg] . l6\ j6/nfO{ ;zQm dfWod dfG5g\ e§/fO{ . l6\j6/df eg]  l6\j6 k9]/  dhf pgL eG5g\, Úl8lh6n ;~rf/  k|ljlwn]  lnG5g\ . cfkm} l6\j6 ug{ eg] hGdfPsf]  cToGt}  k|efjzfnL ;~hfn xf]  ?rfpFb}gg\ . zAbx¿;Fu v]Ng]  of] . l6\ j6sf]  k|efj 5f]6f]  ;dodf 7"nf]  pgnfO{ cIf/sf]  ;Lldttf dgkb}{g . hdftdf k5{ . h;sf sf/0f d nfvf}+;Fu Úl6\ j6/df yf]/ } dfq zAb c6\5 . hf]l8g kfPsf]  5' .… c6fpg] WofpGgdf nfUbf eGg e§/fO{n]  l6\j6/  rnfpg ;'? ubf{ vf]h] sf]  s'/f a'emfpg ;lsFb}g…  l6\ j6nfO{ !$) cIf/df ;Lldt ug{'kYof] { . pgL yK5g\ . t/, clxn]  @*) cIf/sf]  k|of]u ug{ @*) cIf/df n]Vg vf]Hbf ;lsG5 . …h;sf sf/0f cfkm\gf]  ljrf/  efj dg] { /  cgy{ nfUg]  8/  /fVg ;xh ePsf]  5Ú, pgn]  eg] . c¿

l;h{gfTds jx; / ;"rgfsf]  nflu  l6\ j6/ pkof] l s]sL clwsf/LuL 5 .

52 ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]  t'ngfdf l6\j6/df ;+;f/e/ s}  /fhgLlts g]t[Tj /  ljrf/s, cg';Gwgstf{, lj1x¿ a9L ;lqmo x'g'sf sf/0f cfkm\gf]  lglDt pkof]uL /  cfsif{s dfWod ag]sf]  atfpF5g\ . …k/ Gt' s'g}  klg ljlw jf k|ljlw ÚhfGg] nfO{  >Lv08 ghfGg]nfO{ v'kf{sf]  la+8Ú  t e}xfN5Ú , km];a's x'GgYof]  eg] l6\ j6/  k|of]usf]  gsf/fTds kf6f]af/ ] pgn]  ;+s]t s;/L d]/ f zAbx¿ u/ ] . Toqf dfG5]df k'UYof] . * * * l gj/fh k/fh'nL cleg]qL s]sL clwsf/LnfO{ km];a's ;xh /  ;zQm ;fdflhs ;~rf/ dfWod nfU5 . JolQmut lrghfgsf x'g\ jf ckl/lrt ;a}nfO{ cfkm"n]  rfx]  * * * h;/L cfkm\gf kf]: 6x¿df ;+nUg u/fpg kfpg' sflGtk'/  PkmPddf k|zf/0f x'g]  …of]  dfof eGg]  pgnfO{ l7s nfUg] kIf xf] . lrh o:t}  xf]Ú  rrf{df cfof] . k|:tf] tf ;lagf …k|fOe] ;L ;]l6ªsf]  k|of]u rfx]  cg'?k ug{ sfsL{nfO{ x]g{ rfxg]  >f]tfsf]  hdft klg 7"nf]  kfOG5Ú, s]sL elG5g\ . pgnfO{ km];a'sdf ( nfv lyof] . To:tf] df pgn]  …xfO kmfOeÚ  csfpG6 #( xhf/eGbf a9Ln] kR5\ofPsf 5g\ . ;d;fdlos vf]lng\, h;dfkm{t ;|f]tfsf]  k|ltlqmof lnlGyg\, ljifodfly ljrf/  tyf ts{ /fVg]  pgnfO{ km];a'sn]  pgLx¿;Fu cGt/jftf{ uly{g\ . g]kfndf km];a's cflwsfl/s k]hdf ;ft nfv tL; xhf/eGbf a9L k]zfut k|rf/df klg lgs}  ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf]  lelqPsf]  s]xLkl5;Dd klg pgL xfO kmfOed}  kmnf]c;{ 5g\ . ;'gfpFl5g\ . s]sLnfO{ l6\j6/df klg Ps nfv /dfOg\ . …dnfO{ ;w} + nfUof]  >f]tf;Fu d cfjfhsf pgL k|ljlwsf]  km8\sf];Fu ljsf; x'g]  afpGg xhf/n]  kmnf]  u/sf] 5g\ . …l;h{gfTds sf/0f hf]l8PsL x'F . cg'xf/  b]vfpg cfjZos ;~hfnx¿k|ltsf]  ?rL /  rf;f]  km]l/ g' :jefljs jx; /  ;"rgfsf]  nflu l6\j6/  pkof]uL 5 . t/  5}gÚ , pgn]  km];a'sdf xtf/df hDk gug{'sf]  sf/0f dflG5g\ . elG5g\, Úca x]g{';\ g 8]9 b'O{ jif{ otf x/s] ;d"x /  If]qsfn]  o;sf]  k|of]u u/sf] 5}gg\ . atfOg\ . xfn eg] pgn] ;jf{lws k|of]u ug{ OG;6fu|fddf o'jf k':tf s;/L em'lDdPsf 5g\ .… h'g cfjZos 5 .Ú ;fdflhs ;~hfn eg]s}  km];a's xf] . pgsf]  x/s] ;d"xsf]  kx'Fr /  rf;f]  ePsfn]  cfkm" km];a'sdf /dfpg]  pgsf]  syg 5 . To;dfly pgsf]  ;'?jftL lbgb]lvsf z'elrGts /  ;|f]tf km];a'sd}  5g\ . d]/ f] l6\j6/, OG;6fu|fd, /l8of]]  5f]8] /  km];a'ssf kmnf]c;{ d]/ f …kf] 8sf: 6Ú dfkm{t sfo{qmd pmhf{ x'g\ . ;'? ug{' pgsf]  sl/o/ sf]  l ;ljgf sfsL{ 7"nf]  km8\sf]  aGof] . h;sf nflu cfjZos ;fx; ;fdflhs ;~hfnn]  g}  lbPsf]  bfaL ul5{g\ . pgn]  elgg\, Ú;fdflhs ;~hfnn]  nfvf} + >f]tf;Fu hf]8\of]  /  t /l8of]] sf]  !% jif{ nfdf]  ofqfnfO{ OG6/g] 6 s]lGb|t agfpg ;s] + .… ;fdflhs ;~hfndf b]lvPsf]  dfof, ;fy, xf};nf /  ;'emfjn]  cfkm\gf]  Rofgn …;A;sf: 6Ú sf]  k|rf/df ;xof]u k'u]sf]  atfOg\ . kmf]6f]  /  lel8of]sf nflu o'jfk':tfdf rrf{df /x] sf]  OG:6fu|fddf klg pgnfO{ em08}  Ps nfvn]  k5\ofPsf 5g\ . h;nfO{ pgL z'elrGtssf ?kdf JofVof ul5{g\ . elG5g\, Úd] / f]  l6\j6/, OG:6fu|fd, km];a'ssf kmnf]c;{ d]/ f pmhf{ x'g\ .…  * * * d';ndfg ;d'bfosf cleg]tf gflh/  x';]g n]  efOl6sfsf]  lbg lbbL;Fusf]  kmf]6f]  kf]: 6 u/ ] .

53 ;~hfn

;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿dfkm{t /fv] sf]  pQm kmf]6f] sf]  gflh/  :jo+n]  klg cGt/fli6«o 8fG;/, df]8n, ljifodf s'/fsfgL x'GYof] . ca t /fhgLlts s'07f SofK;gdf pgn]  ;? /fO{;Fu efO6Lsf nufPsf]  slj, snfsf/  /  df]l6e] ;gn l:ks/ nfO{ kmnf]  dfq a9]sf]  b]V5' .…  atfPsf 5g\ . w]/ n]}  pgsf]  kf]: 6nfO{ ;sf/fTds u/sf] 5g\ . …;sf/ fTds pmhf{ lbg]  JolQmsf]  pgnfO{ nfU5 l6\j6/  k|xf/  ug] { 7fpF ag]sf]  ;+b]z k|jfxsf]  ?kdf JofVof u/ ] eg]  s]xLn]  sd]G6d}  kf]: 6n]  k'/f lbgnfO{ lgs}  c;/  u5{ . To;sf]  5 . …klAnl;6L :6G6Ú  ;d]t eg]sf 5g\ . gflh/  eg]  k|efj xfd|f]  sfd /  kf]: 6df klg b]lvG5Ú , pgL klxn]  klxn]  l6\j6x¿ x]bf{ /dfpg]  u/sL] pgL ;fdflhs ;~hfnnfO{ v'zL ;f6\g] v'nf 7fpF cg'ej ;'gfpF5g\ . cfhef]nL lg/fzf a9\g]  8/n]  klg l6\j6/  sd dfG5g\, hxfF cfpg]  gsf/fTds / ;sf/fTds b'j}  * * * k|of]u ul5{g\ . a? pgL klg la:tf/ } OG:6fu|fdlt/  k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;xh} lnG5g\ . dfOqmf]  Anluª ;fO6 l6\j6/df ;'idf l;Ub]n ;do latfpg yfn]sL l5g\ . …ToxfF slDtdf x';]gn]  w]/ } ;do latfpg]  eg]  OG:6fu|fdd}  kl/lrt gfd xf] . ;g\ @)!! b]lv lg/Gt/  l6\ j6/  sf]N8jf/  x'Fb}g . km/s olQ xf]  l6\j6/df kmf]6f] n]  xf] . pgL ToxfF cfkm\gf]  sfd, b}lgsL cflbaf/] k|of]u u/sL] pgsf]  ;q xhf/  kmnf]c;{ 5g\, hf];Fu w]/ } cy{ /fVb} g, OG:6fdf zAbn] .Ú ck8]6 t u5{g\ g}  ;fy}  ;fyLx¿;Fusf]  /dfOnf]  ;d;fdlos ljifodfly jx; Pj+ cGt/lqmof x'g] lel8of]  of kmf]6f klg ;]o/  u5{g\ . eG5g\, Úd} n]  atfpFl5g\ . sfg'gsf]  ljBfyL{ ;d]t /x] sL pgnfO{ ;]o/  u/sf]]  ;fdfu|Ln]  s;}nfO{ c;/  ug{' ePg, l6\j6/df x'g]  j}rfl/ s dGyg pkof]uL nfU5 . cfkm}nfO{ klg olt s'/f Wofgdf /fv]  OG:6fu|fd …t/ , cfhef]nL l6\j6/df ljrf/  ;f6f;f6 /dfpg]  ;'/lIft dfWod xf] .… sd ljjfb Hofbf x'G5Ú, cg'ejsf s'/f ;'gfOg\ . pgL Psf]xf] / f]  cfkm\gf]  kmf]6f]  /  lel8of]  dfq l6\ j6/  v'nf x'g'sf sf/0f gsf/fTds kIf xfaL kf]: 6 ub}{gg\ . km";{bsf]  ;dodf kmnf]c;{sf]  k|Zg, ePsf]  pgsf]  ljrf/  5 . elG5g\, Úljb] zdf lh1f;f jf ;+b]zsf]  hjfkm;d]t lbG5g\ . $) xhf/  ;]lna|] 6Ldfem l6\j6/  rrf{df /xFbf xfd|f]df cfd dfly kmnf]c;{ /x] sf]  klxnf]  OG:6fu|fd csfpG6 dfG5]n]  rnfof} + . a? l6\j6/n]  g}  ;]lna|] 6L Xofs ePkl5 gofF csfpG6 vf]n] . h;df hGdfof] . cfd k|of]ustf{aLr g}  /dfOnf]  pgnfO{ t]lQ; xhf/n]  kmnf]  u/sf] 5g\ . ÚxfdLnfO{ s'/fsfgL, ;fdflhs ;xsfo{b]lv, x]g{, xfdLaf/ ] ck8]6] 8 /xg kmnf]  ug]{x¿;Fu t xf]  /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, lg xfdLn]  cGt/lqmof ug]{…, cfkm\gf]  ljrf/  ;'gfP . ;flxlTos

;fdflhs ;~hfn\, hxfF cfpg]  gsf/fTds  ;fy}  ;sf/fTds b'j}  k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;xh} lng'k5{ . l gflh/ x';]g

l6\j6/df kmf] 6f] n] w]/ cy{ } / fVb} g,  OG:6fdf zAbn] .  l ;'idf l;Ub]n

54 h8La'6L

kbdrfnsf] au+}rf

Zjsf] t];|f] pRr lxdlzv/ s~rgh+3f / zlQmkL7 /f] k] sf]  jfnLgfnL eGbf w]/ } ;lk|Psf], emfFluPsf] . lj kfyLe/fb] jL n]  lrgfOPsf]  tfKn]h'ªnfO{ k|fs[lts ;]tf dflg; a;]em} + b]lvg]  kbdrfn x]bf{ ;fFRr}  /x/  nfUbf]  x'G5 . h8La'6L / km"n}km"nsf]  au}rfn] klg ;fy lbPsf] 5 . of] km"nnfO{ z]kf{ efiffdf …s]~hfÚ elgFbf] /x]5 . of] km"n sl/j rf/ cgluGtL h8La'6L jf ;'Gb/ km"nx¿dWo] kbdrfn klg km'6;Dd cUnf]  x'G5 eg]  b]lvg]  ;]tf]  efu km"n geP/  sf]kLsf]  h:tf]  Ps xf] . of]  ljz]ifu/ L tf]Sk] uf] nf /  ltDa'ª kf]v/ L kft xf] . ;]tf] b]lvg]  kftsf] aLrefuaf6 km"n km"Nbf /x]5g t/ km"n If]qdf kfOG5 . of] km"n cb\e't k|fs[lts ;[hgfsf] Tolt cfsif{s b]lvFb} g o;sf]  ?k eg]s}  oLg}  kftx¿n]  9flsPsf]  :j?k xf] . b]lvg]  :j?k xf] . o;sf]  r'/f] df 7f]6\g]  h:tf]  sdnf]  8fF7 x'G5 g]kfnsf]  cflbjf;L hghfltdf ;'lrs[t h'g vfg klg ldN5 . cldnf]÷cldnf] jf u'lnof]÷u'lnof] :jfb cNk;+Vos 8f]SKof hfltsf]  df}lns ;+:s[lt x'g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ crf/ agfP/ vfg] rng 5 . :yfgLon] 7'Skf5];L kj{ /  tf]Sk] uf] nfsf]  ko{6sLo k|f]kmfO{n ;+sng u//] klg /fVg] rng 5 . ;+sng ug{ xfdL tf]Sk]uf]nf If]q k'u]sf lyof} + . rf/  xhf/  ld6/  prfOdf kfOg]  km"nn]  oxfFsf]  zf]ef xfdL :yfgLo jfª\u] 8f]SKofsf] ;fydf cl3 a9\of}+ . a9fPsf] kfOG5 . kxf8} 9fs]/ pd|g] km"n km"Nbf xfdLn] km'ªkm'ªu]  em/gfsf]  ;'Gb/  t:jL/  lvRb}  kfk'ª x'Fb}  uf]8d] n u//]  x'sf{Psf]  km"n /  km'naf/L eGbf cfsif{s tf]Sk] uf] nf k'luof] . 8f]SKof hfltsf]  pb\ud:yn, b]lvG5 . ljz]iful/  9'+ufsf]  sfkaf6 pd|g]  of]  k|fs[lts cgluGtL kf]v/ Lx¿, rf}/ L ufO{sf]  r/g, /  ;'Gb/  jg:klt c;f/, ;fpg / ebf}df 9sdSs x'G5 . :yfgLon] km"n}km'nsf]  k|fs[lts au}+rfdf k'luof] . 7'Skf5];L o;sf] 8fF7 / h/fnfO{ cf}ifwLsf ?kdf klg k|of]u kj{df :yfgLo;Fu :ofjf] { gfRb}  tf]ª\ jfsf]  r':sLdf u5{g\ . z/L/ b'Vbf / dlxnfsf] /St>fj x'Fbf o;nfO{ j]n'sL l8ªHofªdf /dfOnf]  ul/of]  . ef]lnkN6 lk;]/ / ksfP/ ;]jg ubf{ b'vfO{ sd x'g] / /St>fj cf]nfªr'ªuf] nf hfg]  lg0f{o ul/of]  . xfd|f]  ofqf /f] lsg]  :yfgLo atfpF5g\ . o;sf]  cg';Gwfg /  k|of]uaf/ ] uf]nftkm{ df]l8of] . To; ufpFeGbf s]xL dfyL ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Wofg hfg h?/L b]lvG5 . k'u]  kl5 kxf8}  9fs]/  ;]tfDd]  dflg; a;]  8f]SKof hfltsf] ;+:s[ltdf /Dg, cd"No k|fs[lts h:t}  b]lvof]  . Psl5g t 5Ss kl/of]  . h8La'6Lsf]  :jf; lng, ;'Gb/  km"n}km"nsf]  au}+rfdf kyk|b{zs jfªu] bfO{n] lrgfP kl5 dfq gfRg / ux'Fuf]/L Sof~hf];Fu dfof nufpg yfxf ef]  kbdrfn xf] eg]/  . kmf]6f]  lvlrof], tf]Sk] uf] nf e|d0f ug{]  ls < vfOof], dL7f]  nfUof] . kmf]6f] ÷k|: t'tL M 8fxf nfUof] . xfdLn]  xs{ /fh u'?ª w]/ } b'Mv u//] 

55 vfglkg

/]i6'/fFdf

lsl;dsf tfdfª kl/sf/  kfS5 . pgLx¿n]  tfdfª kl/sf/  a]Rg]  lxDdt u/ ] . t/, ahf/  s:tf]  xf]nf eGg]  v'Nb'nL lyof] . u|fxssf]  tfdfª /fd|f]  dfu b]v] /  pgLx¿ pT;flxt 5g\ . /i6'F/] fdf tfdfª kl/sf/  dfq}  a]lrFb} g, dd, rfpldg, sf]N8 l8«+S; /  dlb/f klg lalqm ul/G5 . g]kfnL bfneft /  l9F8f]  ;]6 klg lgs}  :jflbnf]  5 . tfdfª kl/sf/  vfFbf 6jfSs lha|f]  /;fpg] , /l;nf] , cldnf]  x'G5 . /i6'/] G6df] vfhf ;]6 :jfb Gw'nLsf ufos km"ns'df/  aDhgn]  gofF t kfOG5 g}, nf]sn cfO/s -/S;L_ /  yf]ª\;]  l; lrgf/L agfPsf 5g\–/i6'F/] f Joj;foL . -:GofS;_ klg kfOG5 . l;:g'sf]  ;'k klg kfOG5 . ufpFdf k|rlnt kl/sf/ nfO{ !& jif{ ^ dlxgf g]kfnL ;]gfdf hflu/  vfP/  ! sltko kl/sf/  l;hg]jn x'G5g\ . a|fl08ª u/L / ]i6'F/ fsf]  k'; )&% df ;]jf lgj[t ePkl5 pgn] afFsL hLjg ufpF3/lt/ af6}  cuf{lgs vfBfGg NofP/  agfpg]  ko{6gdf ljtfpg]  lg0f{o u/ ] . pgnfO{ ;fy lbP ul/Psf]  aDhg ;'gfpF5g\ . o;/L tfdfª s'bfk d] g'df Nofpg]  sfd u/ ]sf]  l;Gw'nLs}  ldqx¿ d+un yf]s/  /  l8aL tfdfªn] . /i6'/] G6n]]  k/Dk/ fut vfgf k|j4{g ul// x] sf]  5 . 5 ufos km"ns'df/  snfsf/  eP/  8'lnlxF8\bf cfkm\g}  df}lns vfgf tfdfª kl/sf/ sf]  ;]km pTkfbg ug] { p;sf]  nIo aDhg  ;d"xn] . pgLx¿sf]  a|fl08ª ug] { cfOl8of km'¥of]  pgsf]  lbdfudf . 5 . …tfdfª s'bfk /i6'/] G6Ú] df …du/ n]  xfd|f]  kl/sf/  eg]/  a+u'/  v'jfpF5 . afx'gn]  /i6'F/] fdf Ps}k6s !^ hgf a;]/  vfglkg ug{ v;L sf6\5Ú, aDhgn]  ;'gfP, …z] kf{n]  y]Gb's ;S5g\ . d]g' dx+uf]  5}g, %% b]lv @ ;o ?k}ofFdf yl/yl/ sf tfdfª kl/sf/  v'jfpF5 eg]  xfdL -tfdfª_n]  s]  v'jfpg]  eGg]  kl/sf/  kfOG5 . /i6'F/] fdf tLg hgf /f] huf/  5g\ . kfS5 . cfkm\g}  dgnfO{ ;f]w] + .Ú d]nf, kj{ jf s'g} sfo{qmdsf nflu vfgf c8{/ dgdf s'/f v]nfpFbf–v] nfpFb}  pgn]  ufpFdf cfpFbf ;xof]uL ylkG5 . /i6'F/] f laxfg & ah]b] lv k|rlnt tfdfª vfgfnfO{ ;x/df leœofpg]  ;f]r a]n'sL ( ah];Dd v'N5 . agfP . clg ^ df3 )&% df v'Nof] …tfdfª s'bfk /i6'/] G6] .Ú  sf7df8f}+sf]  :joDe' r}To glhs}  kl/sf/ x¿ lah]Zj/ Lsf]  t]dfn rf]sdf v'n]sf]  /i6'F/] fdf bh{g lbu' ;]6– o;df pl;gsf]  slnnf]  ds}sf] 

56 ;]nf] ufos

6'qmf, rfdnsf]  lk7f]af6 ag]sf]  /f] 6L, sf]bf]  jf x'G5 . a]df} ;dL ds}  kfOg]  ePsfn]  jif}{el/  /i6'F/] fn]  kmfk/sf]  lk7f]  d'5]/  kfgLdf ksfOPsf]  cn'd, crf/  ds}  lkª a]R5 . /  uxtsf]  emf]n x'G5 . ;]6 vfFbf k]6 el/G5 . a'h'– rfdnsf]  eft d'5]/  8Nnf]  kfl/G5 . o;df l;nfd /  uf]ne] +8fsf]  r6gL x'G5 . To;nfO{ ljleGg cfs[ltsf] agfOG5 . clg nf]sn u]ª– tfdfª efiffdf u]ªsf]  cy{ …/ f] 6LÚ  xf] . s'v'/fsf]  ;'k;Fu rf]Kb}  vfOG5 . ;d"xdf c8{/  kmfk/  jf sf]bf] sf]  /f] 6L x'G5 . lrNnf]  gvfg]nfO{ u/df] dfq /i6'F/] fn]  of]  kl/sf/  agfpF5 . ;'Vvf /  lrNnf]  dg k/fpg] nfO{ 3\o" jf t]ndf k'jf– ds}  jf sf]bf] sf]  lk7f]nfO{ xNsf kfgL /fv] /  agfOG5 . clg uf]ne] 8f jf l;nfdsf]  5Ds]/  df]n]kl5 s/fO{df 3\o" jf t]n /fv] /  k|mfO{ r6gL;Fu lbOG5 . ul/G5 . :jfb cg';f/  g'g jf lrgL /flvG5 . /, km"ns'df/ aDhg :yflkt ufos cn'd– sf]bf]  jf kmfk/sf]  lk7f]  d'5]/  ;–;fgf emf]n crf/  jf t/sf/ L;Fu lbOG5 . x'g\ . tfdfª ;]nf] / nf]suLtaf6 rlr{t 8Nnf agfOG5 . To;nfO{ z'4 kfgLdf pdflnG5 . ds}  df]7] – e'6]sf]  ds}  /  e6df; ;]6 xf]  5g\ pgL . )^& ;fnb]lv ufpg yfn]sf kfs]kl5 l;nfd jf uf]ne] 8fsf]  r6gL;Fu lbOG5 . ds}  df]7]  . ;]6df ;fFw]sf]  u'Gb|'s;lxt lbOG5 . pgsf b'O{ bh{g uLt /s{8]] 8 5g\ . vfFbf ld7f]  /  cfl8nf]  x'G5 . ufpF3/lt/  Ps a6'sf]  5fg]sf]  hfF8 ;lxt vfOG5 . :jb] zdf dfq xf]Og, sf]l/ of, ef/t /  km'nf}/ f] – kmfk/sf]  lk7f]  d'5\g] . To;nfO{ 8Nnf]  t/  ;x/sf]  /i6'F/] fdf hfF8 a]Rg]  cg'dlt 5}g . b'aO{;Dd k'u]/ uLt ufO;s]sf 5g\ . agfpg]  /  t]ndf km'/fpg]  . clg uxt, d:ofª of lt:of– h+unL sGbd'n lu7f lttf] x'G5 . uLt n]vg / df]8lnªdf ;d]t ;lqmo af]8Lsf]  emf]n;Fu lbOG5 . uf]ne] 8f jf l;nfdsf]  o;nfO{ v/fgL /fv] /  pl;lgG5 . lt:of vfFbf k]6 aDhg snf / ko{6gnfO{ ;fy;fy} cl3 r6gL;Fu klg vfg ;lsG5 . ;kmf x'G5 . To;afx]s /i6'F/] fn]  pl;g]sf]  lkF8fn' a9fpg rfxG5g\ . ds}  lkª– xl/of]  b"w]  ds}  pl;g]/  crf/;Fu /  t?n klg a]R5 . o;df g'g–v';f{gLsf]  r6gL ;Dks{ M (*$!#!)&## vfOG5 . g'g÷v';f{gL;Fu ;fFw]/  vfFbf :jflbnf]  x'G5 .

57 klx/g g]kfnLkg, g]kfnL dg bf}/f–;'?jfn / 9fsf 6f]kLdf 7fFl6g] o'jfsf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\b} 5 . :jb] zdf dfq xf]Og, ljb]zdf ;d]t g] kfnL klx/gsf] dfu a9L 5 .

—xftn]  a'g]sf]  k"j{]nL 9fsfsf]  6f]kL —;]G6«n h]ndf xftn]  a'lgPsf]  v2/af6 kf6gdf l;nfOPsf]  ;'?jfn /  sldh —g]kfnL df]6f]  v2/af6 7d]ndf l;nfOPsf]  Hofs]6 —g]kfndf ag]sf]  ;fa/sf]  a'6

l/i7 ;~rf/sd{L e'if0f bfxfnn]  cfkm\gf]  tl:a/ ;lxt dflysf j k+lQm n]v] /  Ps lbg 6\jL6 u/ ] . g]kfnLkgsf]  k|]d emNsfpg]  tl:j/  /  efjgfn]  w]/ nfO{} efj's agfof] . sltn]  To;nfO{ l/6\jL6 u/ ] . clg sltn]  nfOs 7f]lslbP . bfxfn h:tf ;]lnla|6L dfq xf]Og, ;a}  k]zf jf Joj;fodf ;fd]n tGg]/ Lx¿ dfem g]kfnsf]  df}lns kf]zfs df]x a9\b}  uPsf]  5 . of]  ;'vb va/  xf] . ;do rSs/  nfO/xG5 . 3'Db}lkmb{}  k'/fg}  km]zgn]  dxTj kfPsf] 5 clxn] . ljjfx, a|taGw tyf s'g} klg kj{df 9fsfsf]  bf}/ f–;'?jfn nufpg]x¿sf]  ;+Vof 7"nf]  b]lvG5 . s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd ljjfxdf a]x'nfn]  sf]6kfOG6 nufPsf]  b]lvGYof]  . cr]n t hGtLx¿df ;d]t bf}/ f–;'?jfnsf]  qm]h a9]sf]  5 . bf}/ f–;'¿jfn g]kfndf dfq xf]Og, ef/tsf l;lSsd /  bflh{lnª nufotdf nufOg]  kf]zfs xf] . ;lbof}+b] lv kxf8L e]udf a9L k|of]u x'Fb}  cfPsf]  kf]zfs . To;dfly sf]6 /  lz/df 9fsf jf efbufpFn]  6f]kL klg nufpg] rng 5 . lj;+ !^*) sf]  bzsdf l;l4g/l;+x dNnn]  Pp6f /vflrqdf] t'gf afFw]sf]  kf];fs klx/sf] 5g\ . c¿ cgluGtL dNnsfnLg d"lt{df klg of]  kf];fs b]lvG5 . !% b]lv @) xhf/  jif{cl3 n]lvPsf]  CUj]b /  To;kl5sf]  cyj{j]bdf kf];fsaf] ws b|fkL zAb 5 . o;nfO{ efiosf/x¿n]  Snf]s …na] bf;/ xsf] Ú  x'GYof]  eg]sf 5g\ . b|fkLaf6 bf}/ f ePsf]  dflgG5 . nfdf]  afx'nf ePsf]  /  cufl8 5fltdf b'O{ km]/  u/L b'j}lt/  t'gf afFWg ldNg]  s'db]lv 3'F8f;Ddsf]  x'G5 bf}/ f .

58 of]  bfofFafofF sNnL ufF;]/  3'dfp/f]  km]/  kfl/Psf] , bfofF /  km];a's /  l6\j6/  ttfP . afofFsf tndfly rf/  7fpF t'gf afFlwg], bf]a/ L kf//]  jf s7fnf]  cfkm" k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf /fli6«o kf]zfsaf6 bf}/ f /  km]/ sf leqk§L 5]pdf ;]K6L nufP/  l;OPsf]  x'G5 . o;df ;'¿jfnnfO{ ;fdGtL kf]zfs eGb}  x6fPsf afa'/fdn]  cfkm}+n]  bf}/ f cf7j6f t'gf x'G5g\ . tL t'gf rf/ 7fpFdf afFlwG5g\ . ;'?jfn nufPkl5 ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]ustf{x¿n]  To;af/] bf}/ f;Fu ;'¿jfn, 6f]kL /  O:6sf] 6 nufOG5 . olt s'/f ljleGg vfnsf l6Kk0fL ul// x] sf 5g\ . s;}n]  e§/fO{k|lt nufPsf dflg;nfO{ g]kfnL eg]/  lrGg ;lhnf]  x'G5 . /fli6«o JoËo u/sf] 5g\ eg]  s;}n]  pgsf]  cfnf]rgf g} . kf];fssf ¿kdf nufOg]  bf}/ f ;'?jfn cr]n km];gsf ¿kdf t/  pgnfO{ bf}/ f ;'¿jfn ;lhnf]  nfUof] . klxn]  ;fgf]  klg nf]slk|o x'g yfn]sf]  5 . 5Fbf ef]6f]  /  bf}/ f nufPsf pgn]  bf}/ f–;'?jfnrflxF klxnf]rf] l6 ljz]if u//]  ljjfx, kf:gLh: tf pT;jdf bf}/ f–;'?jfn nufPsf]  x'g\ / ] . hf8f]  w]/ } x'g]  7fpFdf k'Ubf klg Gofgf]  nufpg]  rng clgjfo{ h:t}  aGb}  uPsf]  5 . cem ljb]zdf nfu]sfn]  nufpg ;xh ePsf]  pgn]  k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\ . a;]sf g]kfnLn]  cfkm\gf]  klxrfgsf nflu eGb}  9fsfsf]  sk8f …g] kfnL kf]zfs eGgfn]  g]kfnL gful/sn]  nufpFb}  cfO/x] sf]  g]kfnaf6 dufpg]  u/sf] 5g\ . dlxnfsf]  lgldQ h'g;'s}  z}nLsf]  rf]nf] –;f8L /  h'Qf;lxtsf]  ljjfxdf b'nfxfn]  dfq geP/  ;l/s x'g]  k'?ifx¿ ;a}n]  kf]zfs /  k'?ifsf lgldQ ;]tf]  /+usf]  nj]bf–;'?jfn, v}/f]–sfnf]  bf}/ f ;'?jfn k|of]u ug{]  rng a9\b}  hfFbf dlxnf klg 9fsfs}  sf]6, efbufpFn]  6f]kL /  5fnfsf]  sfnf]  h'Qf ;Demg'kg{]  5,Ú  u[x klx/gdf b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;n]  Jofkf/df kmfObf k'u]sf]  dGqfnon]  hf/L u/sf]]  lj1lKtdf elgPsf]  5 . Jofkf/Lsf]  cg'ej 5 . g]kfnL o'jfdf olt;Dd bf}/ f ;'?jfn /  9fsf 6f]kLsf]  dxTj sf7df8f}+sf]  afË]d'9fdf ljut % bzsb]lv bf}/ f ;'¿jfnsf]  a9]sf]  5 ls, :jM: km"t{ ?kdf …/ fli6«o kf]zfs lbj;Ú  dgfpg Jofkf/  ub{}  cfPsf ljZj ah|frfo{sf cg';f/  k~rfotsfndf yfn]sf 5g\ . x/s] jif{sf]  k'; !& ut]  cy{ft\ c+u|]hL gofF x'g]  em} + cr]n Jofkf/  km:6fPsf]  5 . …Tolta] nf g]kfnL 9fsf jif{sf]  lbgnfO{ g]kfnL kf]zfs lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpFb}  sf7df8f}+  tyf kf]zfssf]  Jofkf/  7"nf]  lyof], aLrdf s]xL ;':t ePsf]  nufot b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf o'jfn]  k/Dk/ fut kf]zfs nufP/  o;sf]  Jofkf/  lxhf]cfh km]/ L rlDsPsf]  5 .Ú  k|bz{g tyf emfFsL lgsfNg yfn]sf 5g\ . o'jfdf a9\bf]  /fli6«otf df]x, ;ef–;df/f] xdf hfFbf ljz]if n08gdf a:g]  /fhs'df/  yfkf :jb] zL klx/gdf /dfpg klx/gsf ¿kdf g]kfnL bf}/ f–;'?jfnsf]  k|of]un]  klg Jofkf/  rfxG5g\ . pgn]  ev{/ } sf7df8f}+df /x] sf cfkmGtdfkm{t bf}/ f– rlDsPsf]  xf] . /fhgLltdf /fli6«otfsf]  d'2fn]  :yfg hdfpFb}  ;'?jfn dufP . df}lns kf];fs eP klg pgsf]  /f] hfO{ eg]  uPkl5 /fli6«o kf];fssf]  Jofkf/n]  ;d]t tLj|tf kfPsf]  5 . cfw'lgs z}nLdf 5 . bf}/ f–;'?jfndf s]xL df]l8kmfO ul/Psf ;/sf/ n]  klg bf}/ f;'?jfn /  ;f8L–rf]nf] nfO{ k'gM /fli6«o l8hfOg pgL ?rfpF5g\ . kf]zfssf ?kdf dfGotf lbPsf]  5 . ;/sf/ n]  cf}krfl/ s o'jf k':tfsf]  rfxgf cg's"n df}lns klx/gsf]  z}nLdf klg ?kdf cfof]hgf u/sf] sfo{qmddf k'¿ifsf nflu nj]bf–;'?jfn kl/jt{g cfO/x] sf]  eGb}  l8hfOg/  lg¿ lnDa' cfª\a'ªn]  o;nfO{ /  dlxnfsf nflu ;f8L–rf]nf]  clgjfo{ ?kdf nufpg'kg{]  :jfefljs dfg]ls l5g\ . pgL df}lns klx/g klg ;do;fk]If k|fjwfg NofPsf] 5 . df]l8kmfO x'g'kg{]  wf/0ff /flV5g\ . Psflt/  k'Vof}{nL klxrfg, tTsflng k|wfgdGqL afa'/fd e§/fO{n]  @)^* ;fndf csf{lt/  To;sf]  Joj;foLs/0f . oL b'a}  r'gf}tL Ps;fy kf/  dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7saf6 lg0f{o u/fP/  /fli6«o kf]zfssf]  ;"rLaf6 ug{ df}lnstf dfcfw'lgstf ld;fpg'kg{]  pgsf]  ts{ 5 . bf}/ f;'?jfn /  ;f8L–rf]nf] nfO{ x6fpFb}  k/Dk/ fk|lt o'jfx¿sf]  df]xnfO{ l8hfOgdf g]kfndf nufOg]  ;a}  kf]zfsnfO{ /fli6«o cfPsf]  kl/jt{g;Fu}  xft}n]  a'g]sf]  9fsfsf kf]zfs 3f]if0ff u/sf] lyP . pgsf]  lg0f{osf]  klx/gsf]  dfu a9]sf]  5 . gL¿ lqmol6e rf}tkm{L cfnf]rgf ePsf]  lyof] . l8hfOg/  x'g\ . ahf/df kf]ln: 6/ b] lv …b] z cg';f/sf]  e]if ! hLjgdf klxnf]  ;'tL;Ddsf bf}/ f–;'?jfn kfOG5 . oBkL k6s bf}/ f;'¿jfn nufP/  v;afx'No s0f{fnL vf8Lsf]  /fdf]  dflgG5 . k|b]z k|j]z ul/of]  !Ú  hfh/sf] 6 k'u]sf pg}  klZrdL ;+:s[ltn]  ufFh]sf]  xfd|f]  d'n'sdf k"j{k|wfgdGqL Pj+ gofFzlQm kf6L{sf g]tf s]xL jif{otf 6«]08L o'jfn]  df]l8kmfO8 klx/g afa'/fd e§/fO{n]  bf}/ f ;'?jfn nufPsf]  ?rfPsf]  b]lvG5 . ;fdfGotM g]kfnL /fli6«o cfkm\ gf]  tl:a/  ;fdflhs ;~hfndf xfn] . kf];fssf]  d"No @% ;o ?k}ofF b]lv ! To;kl5 pgsL kTgL Pj+ gofF zlQm nfv ?k}ofF;Dd k5{ . sk8f /  l;nfOsf]  kf6{Ls}  g]t[ lxl;nf odLn]  klg e§/fO{;Fu u'0f:t/ n]  d"No km/skm/ s kg{ hfG5 . lvlrPsf]  cfkm\gf]  tl:a/  k|]lift ub{}  n]lvg\, kl5Nnf]  ;do bf}/ f;'?jfnsf]  dfu a9]  …d] / f]  v; >Ldfg\ afa'/fd e§/fO{ lhGbuLdf klg bIf hgzlQm sd ePsf] Joj;foLsf] klxnf]  k6s bf}/ f ;'?jfn nufP/  v;fg b'v];f]  5 . k|b]z s0f{fnL k:b} + !Ú h]  xf];, g]kfnLkgdf 7fFl6Fb}5 gofF hfh/sf] 6af6 k|]lift tL tl:a/  /  k':tf . ;Gb]zn]  g]kfndf nf]slk|o ;fdflhs ;~hfn

afa'/fd e§/fO{\, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL 59 klx/g

g} klg sfd gofF 9Fun] u/df] ;kmntf OG6/g] 6df ljleGg l8hfOg x]/ /] , a'em]/  pgn]  xft}n] a'g]sf] s' ldN5 . To:t} eof] lqmol6e l8hfOg/  cfkm\g} l8hfOg tof/ kf/sL] x'g\ . gL¿ cfªa'ª lnDa"sf] hLjgdf klg . Ps ;do 9fsfaf6 rf]nL, vf:6f], 6f]kL, pgL 9fsf sk8faf6 cfw'lgs z}nLsf klx/g dkmn/, unaGbL / k;{ dfq agfOGYof] . cr]n w]/} agfpFl5g\ . k/Dk/ f / cfw'lgstfsf] km\o"hg x'Fbf vfn] l8hfOg ul/G5 . …klxnf lglZrt hfltdf t]x|y'd] tL /fd|f b]lvG5g\ . l;ldt lyof]Ú, gL¿ elG5g\, …cr] n ;a}dfem nf]slk|o nlntk'/sf]  gVvLkf]6df …t] x|y'd]  9fsf 5 .Ú a'l6sÚ rnfpFb} cfPsL pgnfO{ u|fxssf] c8{/  klxnf rf]nf], 6f]kL, ;n dfq agfpFlyg\ . l6Kg / 8]lne/ L lbg EofO{ gEofO{ x'G5 . cem cr]n jfglk;, ufpg, n]x+uf, ;f/L–Anfph, pgn] l8hfOg u/sf] sk8f ld; g]kfn, EjfO; :s6{, Hofs]6, j]: 6sf] 6, l6;6{, ;6{, 6«fph/, 9fsf ckm g]kfn, ld; lnDa" cflb l/ofln6L zf]sf bf}/f;'?jfn cflb agfpFl5g\ . …o'jf, j[4 ;a}sf k|lt:klw{x¿n]  nufpg yfn]kl5 pgsf]  rrf{ nflu km/s–km/s l8hfOg u5{', lnDa"n] elgg\ r'lnPsf] 5 . …g] kfnLkgdf hf]8 lbG5'.Ú pgn] l8hfOlgªsf] sIff lnPsL 5}gg\ . 9fsfaf6 klx/g dfq} geO{ s';g se/, kbf{, OG6/g]6nfO{ cfkm\gf] u'¿ dflG5g\ . /fte/  N ofk6k Aofu, h'Qf, k;{, Aofunufot ;fdfu|L klg pTkfbg ul/G5 . :jb] zdf dfq xf]Og, ljb];df ;d]t pgsf ;fdfg lgo{ft ul/G5 . xªsª, o's], l;+ufk'/ / cd]l/ sfaf6 a9L dfu cfpF5 . pgL u[xlhNnf t]x|y'daf6} 9fsf lemsfpFl5g\ . a'l6sdf tLg hgf ;xof]uL /fv] sL l5g\ . pgsf]  k|rf/sf]  d'Vo dfWod ;fdflhs ;~hfn g} x'g\ .

60 d"No slt k5{ tfuf d]VnL– %))) b]lv @),))) ;f/L– &,))) b]lv @%,))) 6f]kL– %)) b]lv ^,))) sf]6– %,))) b]lv !#,))) lsl/ª – @%) l;nfd ;fSdf – !)) y}nL – @)) 6fO – %)) h'xf/L sf]6 – !%)) b]lv #%)) n]xËf rf]nL – !@,%)) b]lv dfly vfbf – %))

PsfPs ahf/ a9L xfN5 . km]zgsf]  b'lgofFdf pgsf]  cfudgsf]  syf /f]rs 5 . t]x|y'daf6 pRr lzIff lng !$ jif{cl3 sf7df8f} + em/sL] lyOg\ pgL . k9fO{;Fu}  sfd klg ug{'kg{] afWotf lyof] . To;}n]  l;hg x]//] dfl;s & nfvb]lv !) nfv Ao"6Lkfn{/df sfd l;Sg yflng\ . ?k}ofF;Dd sf/f] jf/  ul5{g\ . …la: tf/ } ;f]  ¿d ToxfF l;ls/x] sf a]nf ljb]zdf a;]sf a9fpg]  nIo 5Ú, pgn]  elgg\, …ef6e6] gLh: tf cfkmGtn]  …t] x|y'dsf]  9fsf lsg]/  k7fOb]p eGg ;'k/dfs{] 6df /fv] /  a]Rg]  5' .Ú yfn] . pgL l8NnLahf/ uP/ 9fsfsf ;f/L /  plxn]  plxn]  …lnDa"sf]  9fsfÚ elgGYof] . rf]nL lsg]/  k7fpFlyg\ . t]x|y'dsf]  eg]/  d]l;gn]  cr]n g]kfnLsf]  elgG5 . 9fsfsf] ahf/ a9fpg]  a'g]sf]  9fsf kf]  /x] 5 Tof]  ! pgL;Fu Pp6f cfOl8of 5– /fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL, pgn]  Jo"6Lkfn{/sf]  1fg lnPkl5 cfkm} + kfn{/  dGqL tyf ;]lna|] 6Lx¿n] 9fsf nufpg] xf] eg]  vf]lng\ . clg 3/ uPsf a]nf 9fsfsf ;f/L, s'tf{, 6f]kLnufot ;fdfg lnP/ cfOg\ . tL pgsf pTkfbg / l8hfOg ;fdfgsf] dfu a9\b} uPkl5 pgn] 9fsf k;n vf]Ng] lg0f{o lnOg\ . tfuf, d]VnL, sf]6 ;f8L, 6f]kL, 6fO{, …Ps hgf ;fyL /  d ldn]/  kfn{/;Fu}  t]x|y'd]  k5\of}/ f, dkmn/, ¿dfn, jfn]6 j]i6 sf]6, 9fsf k;n vf]Nof} Ú,+ pgn]  ;'gfOg\, …xfdLn]  6]n;{ h'jf/L sf]6, bf}/f ;'¿jfn, l;nfd ;fSdf, klg /fVof} +. clg bf}/f ;'?jfn klg l;nfpg ;6{, nª sf]6, n]x]+uf rf]nL, jfg lk;, yfNof} + .Ú s't{f ;njf/, ufpg, cfp6/, 9fsf af]8{/ pgsf] dfu a9\b} uof] / cfh ;Ddflgt hh{]6 ;f/L, d]VnL, ufpg, ls l/ª, l;nfd Joj;foL aGg k'lug\ . o;/L ldlxg]t u/ ] :jb] zd}  ;fSdf lk|G6]8 pmgLsf] emf]nf, 9fsf lk|G6]8 ;"g kmnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f algg\ gL¿ . ;f/L cflb .

61 ;+uLt

lxlnª Do"lhs dgsf] pkrf/df lxlnª afpn, ‰ofnL / 3G6Lsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . la:tf/ } g]kfnL dfem klg of] nf]slk|o x'Fb}5 .

;f/df pkrf/  ug] { cg]sf} + dfWod 5g\ . ;+ ;+uLtaf6 klg pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . ljz]iftM lg/fzfaf6 dfG5]nfO{ cfzfjfbL agfpg ;+uLtn]  d2t ub{5 . dgsf]  pkrf/df lxlnª afpn, ‰ofnL /  3G6Lsf]  k|of]u x'g]  afhf ljz]if1 atfpF5g\ . lxlnª df:6/  ;'lbk nD;fnsf cg';f/  dfOu|]g, l8k|];g, 3'F8f b'vfO{ /  ;'Tg]  ;d:of ePsfnfO{ lxlnª afpnsf]  k|of]un]  kmfObf k'U5 . lxlnª afpnnfO{ cr]n l;+luª afpn elgG5 . 7"nf]  srf}/ fnfO{ 6fpsf]df /fv] /  8«dl:6sn]  7f]Sbf dL7f]  w'g;Fu}  t/+u pTkGg x'G5 . t/+u;Fu}  OghL{ cfpF5 . To;n]  pkrf/df ;xof]u k'U5 . srf}/ f cfsf/sf]  7"nf]  af6fleq 6]s] /  8«dl:6sn]  7f]Sbf k'/ } z/L/ nfO{ kmfObf k'U5 . Ps ;ftf;Ddsf]  k|of]un]  /f] u lgsf]  x'g]  nD;fn atfpF5g\ .

62 lxlnª afpn ljleGg cfsf/df kfOG5 . To;df Wofgsf]  ;+s]t: j?k cf]d dl0f kb\d]  x'F n]lvPsf]  x'G5 . tfdf, l6g, ln8, kmnfd, ;'g, rfFbL /  ds{/Lsf]  k|of]u u//]  #)) l8u|L tfkqmddf /fv] /  lk6]kl5 srf}/ fsf]  ?kdf 9flnG5 . o;sf]  d"No # xhf/b] lv ^) xhf/  ?k}ofF;Dd k5{ . To:t}  ljleGg rf8kj{df ahfOg]  ‰ofnL afhfsf]  k|of]uaf6 dgdf Psfu|tf x'g'sf ;fy}  dgsf]  kL8f zfGt x'G5 . u'0f:t/  cg';f/  % ;ob]lv !) xhf/  ?k}ofF;Dd k5{ hf]8f ‰ofnLsf] . csf] { /fd|f]  afhf xf]  3G6L . 3G6L ahfpFbf dg Psfu| x'G5 . cfTdLo cfgGb ldN5 . ufpF3/lt/  3G6L /  z+v ahfPdf e"tk|]t efU5g\ eGg] ljZjf; 5 . laxfg / a]n'sL 3G6L ahfpg' a]; x'G5 . ljb]zdf lxlnª afpn, 3G6L /  ‰ofnLsf]  ahf/  a9\b}5 . hd{gdf of]  ;fp08 y]/ fkL / ;fp08 d;fhsf ?kdf nf]slk|o 5 . la:tf/ } Plzog d'n'sdf ;d]t o;n]  VoftL sdfpFb}5 . …g] kfnL dfem klg lxlnª afpn nf]slk|o aGb}  5Ú, ljut $) jif{b]lv lxlnª Do"lhsdf ;+nUg nD;fnn]  eg] . pgL lxlnª afpnsf pTkfbs klg x'g\ . kf6gdf 5 pgsf] k;n / sf/vfgf . kf6g b/af/  :Sjfo/ af6 @ ldg]6 aËnfd'lvlt/  nfUbf …kf6g /f] on Sofkm]Ú  cfpF5 . To;s}  e'OFtnfdf pgsf]  …ltAaltog l;+luª afpn ;]G6/ Ú  5 . sf/vfgf rflxF rfs'kf6df 5 . ToxfF @$ hgf sfd u5{g\ . cfkm\gf] k;n /  ljb]zsf]  dfu wfGg pgnfO{ EofO{ gEofO{ 5 .

63 sf];]nL

bf{ /fd|f], af]Sbf ;lhnf] / lbgx'F k|of]u x'g] ;fdfg x] ?rfpF5g\ ko{6s . o:t} x:tsnf pTkfbg u5{ d]8 Og …d] l/ gf]  O08l:6« k|flnÚ+n]  . e]8fsf]  pmgaf6 agfOG5 ;fdfg . u'0f:t/  /  cfsf/  cg';f/  ;fdfgsf]  d'No %) ?k}ofF b]lv * xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd k5{ . ci6]«lnofaf6 cfoft ul/Psf]  e]8fsf]  g]kfn pmgaf6 u'l8of, hgfa/, k+5L, h'Qf, k;{, 6f]kL, Dof6, Aofu, ;n, ls– l/ªnufot !%) yl/sf ;fdfg pTkfbg u5{ sDkgLn] . z/L/ df nufpg]  /  3/df ;hfpg]  ;fdfg . p;sf]  sf/vfgf sf7df8f}+sf]  dgd}h'df 5 . ToxfF ^) hgf sfd u5{g . d]l/ gf] sf k|aGw lgb]{zs ;ljg kf}8] nsf cg';f/  sf/vfgfdf pTkflbt ;fdfg 7d]nl: yt cfkm\g} cfp6n]6 / cGo k;ndf ljlqm ul/G5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, cd]l/ sf, hfkfg, o'/f] k, rLg, ci6]«lnof cflb d'n'sdf ;d]t lgof{t ul/G5 . ko{6g Joj;foL kf}8] nn]  ;g\ @))% df d]l/ gf]  ;'? u/sf] lyP . sRrfkbfy{ ljb]zL ePtfklg >d, ;Lk / l8hfOg g]kfnL xf] . x:tsnfsf]  dfu a9\b} hfFbf pgL xf}l;Psf 5g\ . pgsf clwsf+z u|fxs ljb]zL x'g\ . g]kfnL klg o;df cfslif{t x'Fb}5g\ .

64 ;+u|xfno hftLo km"naf/L e[s'6Ld08kl:yt g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] ejgdf /x]sf] hftLo ;+u|xfnonfO{ ldlg g]kfnsf ?kdf a'‰g ;lsG5 .

kfn ax'hflt, ax'efifL, ax'wfld{s g] / ax';f+:s[lts d'n's xf] . ToxL ljljwtf Ps} ynf]df emNsfpg sf7df8f}+sf]  e[s'6Ld08kl:yt g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf]  ejgdf …g]kfn /fli6«o hftLo ;+u|xfnoÚ  ;~rflnt 5 . hxfF ljleGg hfthfltsf]  snf, hLjgz}nL /  ;+:s[ltsf]  emns kfOG5 . af]8{sf]  klxnf]  tnfsf]  b'O{6f k|bz{gL xndf ljleGg ;fdfu|L ;hfOPsf] 5 . Pp6fdf hfthfltsf ;f+:s[lts j:t'x¿sf]  k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 eg] csf]{df hftLo tfdfª, ysfnL, yfdL, yf?, du/, /fO{, /fp6], sf6\g' k5{ . To;afx]s ;fs{ d'n'ssf ljb]zLn]  ;d'bfosf] hLjgz}nL emNsfOPsf] 5 . nfKrf, lnDa', r'Daf, z]kf{ / ;'g'jf/ 5g\ . ;o ?k}ofF / cGon] b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF ltg'{ k5{ . hfthfltsf 3/, ;fdfu|L / ltgsf 8dL k|bz{gdf ;+u|xfnodf Ps 3G6f ;lhn} ljtfpg /flvPsf 5g\ . ;lsG5 . ;fdfGotM laxfg !) ah]b]lv ck/fGx ;Dks{ ;+u|xfnodf @) hfltsf ;f+:s[lts j:t' % ah];Dd ;+u|xfno v'N5 . sd{rf/L ;~h's'df/L g]kfn /fli6«o hftLo ;+u|xfno k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 . tL hfltdf p/fj, u'?ª, rf}w/ Lsf cg';f/  ;+u|xfno x]g{ g]kfnL ljBfyL{n]  e[s'6Ld08k, sf7df8f}+  lwdfn, g]jf/, afx'g, afx|ufpFn], r]kfª, 5GTofn, !% ?k}ofF / ljBfyL{ afx]sn] #) ?k}ofFsf] l6s6 kmf]g M )!– $@##**%, $@%^()(

65 ;flxTo

/fh]z xdfnsf lk|o % k':ts

kfnL lkmNd If]qdf Kof/f] / kl/lrt gfd xf]– /fh] z xdfn . ;a}eGbf 7"nf]  ?rLsf]  s'/f eg]sf]  csf] { dfG5]  xf] . dfG5]sf]  Tof]eGbf g] tLg bzs eO;Sof] pgsf] lkmNd ofqf . of] aLrdf pgn]] 7"nf] ?rL s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] d ;kmn dfG5]sf cfTdsyf bz{ssf] k|]d dfq} sdfPgg\, ljleGg pkgfd klg sdfP . s;}sf k9\g ?rfpF5' .Ú nflu …/ fh] z bfOÚ, s;}sf nflu …z+s/ Ú  t s;}sf nflu …dxfgfosÚ  . /fh] z cfkm"n]  k9\g] k':ts c?nfO{ ;]o/  ug{ ?rfpFb}gg\ . /fh]z k9\g / 3'Dg klg cf}wL ?rfpF5g\ . hLjgdf tkfO{+ …dfG5] n] slt ;lhn};Fu eG5g\ Sof …bfO{ tkfO{;Fu Tof] a's 5 eg] PS6/ gag]sf] eP s] aGg'x'GYof] xf]nf < pgn] d':s'/fpFb} hjfkm dnfO{ lbg';\ tÚ . Tolta]nf dnfO{ crDd nfU5,Ú pgn] eg] . lbP, …kSs} klg 6«fen/ aGy]F . 3'Dg] d]/f] ;fg}b]lvsf] ;f]v pgsL dw' e§/fO{;Fu lax]  x''g'cl3 k':ts;Fu}  hf]l8Psf]  /dfOnf]  xf] . /, snfsf/ eP/ bf]xf]/f] kmfObf eof] . 3'Dg klg kfOof] . ls:;f /x] 5 . pgL ;lDemFb}  lyP, …d d]/ f]  lstfa x/fPsf]  l56f]  yfxf clego ug{ klg .Ú kfOxfN5' . klxnf]kN6 dw' d]/ f]  3/df cfpFbfsf]  s'/f xf] . 3/af6 km";{b x'gf;fy k':ts k9\g ?rfpF5g\ . 3/df ¥ofse/L k':ts dnfO{ Psbd} dgkg] {…Okm nfOkm Oh c u]d, lbh cf/ b ?N;Ú 5g\ . …7\ofSs} s'g a]nf k9\5' eGg] 5}g . d]/f] Aofudf b'O{tLgj6f gfd u/sf]]  k':ts x/fof]  . dgdf zflGt ePg . km]l/  k':ts x/fpFbf k':ts ePs} x'G5g\ . km';{b eof] ls lgsfn]/ kl9xfN5',Ú pgn] eg] . dnfO{ csf] { k9\g dg nfUb}g . kl5 dw' bf]>f] 6fOd 3/ cfsf] pgL a9L bfz{lgs k':ts k9\g ?rfpF5g\ . hLjg bz{gsf k':ts a]nf k':ts x/fof]  eg]/  ;'gfpFbf p;n]  d}n]  nu]sf]  lyPF eg]kl5 kf]  a9L vf]H5g\ . hLjg hLpg l;sfpg] k':ts /f]H5g\ . cfTdsyf rlst k/]+ .Ú klg p:t}  rfvnfUbf]ul/  k9\b5g\ . eGb}  lyP, …Pp6f dfG5]sf]  pgnfO{ k|efj kf/]sf lk|o % k':ts pgs} zAbdf M

66 Okm nfOkm Oh c u]d, lbh cf/ b ?N; 6]andf sk 5 eg] To;sf] dfq} rrf{ ub}{g, ToxfF rDrf s;/L a;]sf]  Go"of]s{ 6fOD;sL n]vs r]/L sf6{/–:sf]6{n] n]v]sf] k':ts xf] of] . 5, jl/kl/ sf dfG5]  s;/L a;]sf 5g\ nufot ;Dk'0f{ kl/j] z ptf/sf]]  pgL nfOkm sf]r klg x'g\ . olb hLjg Pp6f v]n xf] eg] kSs}  5 . n]vfO{df sNkgf ePklg ef]ufO{ / efjgf emlNsPsf] 5 . To;f] /fd|f] v]n v]Ng lgodx¿ x'G5g\ . lt lgod s] x'g\ t < hLjgdf ePkl5 x/s] kf7sn]  o:tf k':tsnfO{ cfkm\gf]  hLjg;Fu ln+s u//]  k9\5 . cfOkg]{ r'gf}tL / pQ/r9fj s;/L ;fdgf ug]{ t < k':tsn] o:t}  s'/f l;sfpF5 . hLjg lhpg l;sfpF5 of] k':tsn]  . dfG5] eg]sf] xfp 6' d]l86] 6 Psbd} k|ltlqmofjfbL x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ ;lx 9+un] ljZn]if0f u/]/ lbdfudf x/s] lbg xhf/f} F ;f]r cfpF5g\ . cg]s ;f]R5 dfG5] . ;f]r cl3 a9\g ;ls/x]sf] x'Fb}g . oL ;a s'/fsf l6K; k':tsdf  5 . t xfd|f] sG6«f]ndf x'Fb}g t/ s'g ;f]rfO{af6 kl/rflnt x'g] Tof]rfFxL xfd|f] sG6«f]ndf x'g;S5 . lbdfudf t p6\k6\ofª / v/fa ;f]r klg cfpF5g\ . df]/  kf]lhl6e ly++lsª t/  To:tf]  ;f]rnfO{ tTsfn l8ln6 ul/xfNg'k5{ . d]l86] 6;gn]  s'g ;f]raf6 dnfO{ csf] { lk|o nfUg] k':ts xf] – …df] / kf]lhl6e ly+lsª M xfp 6' lqmP6 cfkm" kl/rflnt x'g] Tof] l;sfpF5 . ;f]r t ;Gtsf] klg ToxL xf], af6f]df c km\o"r/  km/  of]/ ;] NkmÚ  . e]/ f kfOkm/n]  n]v] sf]  k':ts aflx/af6 x]bf{ lgs}  lxF8\g]  dfG5]sf]  klg . nf/G;] n]  ;fgn]  n]v] sf]  of]  k':ts ;+;f/e/  Psbd}  ;/n b]lvG5 . t/ leq lgs} uxlsnf s'/f 5g\ . hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s / ;'Gb/ w]/ } ljqmL ePsf] 5 . d]l86] 6 s;/L ug] {eGg] l6K; of] k':tsdf 5 . of] agfpg dfG5]n] s;/L cfkm"df ;sf/fTds ;f]r ljsf; ug'{k5{ < k':tsdf k':tsnfO{ …b PSn]D8 ufO8 6' ;]Nkm l8:sf] e/ LÚ  cyf{t\ cfTdvf]hsf nflu lk|o 9+un] ptfl/Psf] 5 . hLGbuLdf cK; PG8 8fpG;x¿ w]/ } x'G5g\ t}klg k|z+l;t k':ts klg dflgPsf] 5 . s;/L dfly p7\g ;lsG5, s;/L hLjgk|lt ;s/fTds of]hgf agfpg ;lsG5, hLjgsf nIox¿ s;/L k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] k':tsn] l;sfpF5 . ddf ;s/fTds ;f]r ljsf; u/fpg of]  k':tsn]  pkof]uL e"ldsf v]n] sf]  5 . a]glh/  e'§f]  M 86/  ckm 8]l: 6gL dnfO{ dfG5]sf]  hLjgk|lt Psbd} ?rL nfU5 . d}n]  k9]sf cfTdsyfdWo]  kfls:tfgL /fhgLlt1 a]glh/  e'§f]sf]  cfTdsyf dgk/sf]]  xf] . pgsf hLjgsf ls:;fx¿, pQ/r9fjx¿ ;fFRr} rfvnfUbf 5g\ . x/s] dfG5]sf]  hLjg;Fu s]xL g s]xL l;Sg]  s'/f x'G5 . leqaf6 vf]tNg]  xf]  eg]  x/s] dfG5]  cfkm+}df Pp6f k':ts xf] . p;sf s]xL s'/f xfd|f] hLjg;Fu klg d]n vfO/x] sf]  x'g;S5 . dfG5]n]  hLjgdf sltko s'/f JoQm ug{ ;ls/x]sf]  x'Fb}g t/ ToxL s'/f c?sf] hLjg k9\bf cfO/x]sf]  x'G5 . h;sf/0f p;nfO{ c?sf] hLjgn] 5'G5, ToxfF p;n] cfkm"nfO{ klg kfpF5 . dfG5] Pp6f kl/l:ytL / ljGb' lnP/ hlGdPsf] x'G5 t/ %) jif{ eO;Sbf p s'g ljGb'df k'U5 p;nfO{ g} yfxf x'Fb}g . a]glh/  /fhgLlts kl/jf/df x's]{sL dlxnf x'g\ . pgsf a'af klg /fhgLlt1 lyP h;nfO{ h]ndf d[To'b08 lbOPsf] lyof] . pgL /  kl/jf/ ;Fu hf]l8Psf pQ/r9fj k':tsdf 5g\ . hLjgdf cfOk/sf] r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ pgn] s;/L ;fdgf ul/g\ < Tof] klg k':tsdf pNn]v 5 . hLjg t ;a}sf] r'gf}tLk'0f{ g} x'G5 . t/  r'gf}tLnfO{ p;n]  s;/L ;fdgf u¥of]  Tof]rfFxL dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . sgf{nL An'h d}n]  k9]sf g]kfnL k':tsdWo]  Psbd}  dgk/sf]]  xf]– …sgf{nL An'hÚ . a'4L;fu/n]  n]v] sf]  of]  lstfasf]  efiff / k|:t'tL dL7f] 5 . lstfadf n]vsn] h'g Churchill Complex, Sundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal kl/l: ytL /  kl/j] z lrq0f u/sf] 5g\ Tof]  jf:tljs Tel: 01-6210579, Fax: 01-4268107 nfU5 . n]vfO{ Psbd} dgk¥of] . p;n] Pp6f email: [email protected]

67 OGb|]0fL % s'/f

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68 Get Featured on Yatra! Love that view out the aircraft window? Do you photograph journeys • Message or post your photos on our Facebook page (facebook. of your travels? Are you an #AVGeek with a knack for plane spot- com/BuddhaAir) with a short caption of your flight. ting? If you’ve answered YES to these questions, now is the chance • Tag us on Instagram at @buddhaairnepal or use the hashtag #Bud- to share your travel photos with our readers! Simply: dhaAir or #BuddhaAirYatra • Tweet to us on Twitter by tagging us @airbuddha. We will be hap- • Email us your Buddha Air photos at [email protected]. You py to share them with all our wonderful flyers! can even let us know your experience of flying with us.

These pictures were taken from Buddha Air flight from Kathmandu to Bharatpur on Feb 10 | Avash Karmacharya

df3 !& ut] sf7df8f}+af6 hgsk'/ Ktm to Bhairahawa | By profession i am a tourism hf“b} cleej cEo'bo | Sumu Acharya activist . It feels good be a Nimesh Karn part of Buddha Air traveller. Safest and best airlines I ever encounter . Thank you! | Bijay Chhetri

Our Family Return From Janakpur to This is my flight from Bhairwha to With singer Astha Raut from Bhadrapur to KTM | Kathamndu from short trip of Janakpurdham KTM | Sita Bohra Mohan Ghimire, Section Office, MOTCA on 17.03.2019. This is_my 7th flight in Buddha Air out of my 8th flight. | Anjan Thapa Best Photo

I was travelling from Biratnagar to Kathmandu | It was our first day of wedding. We flew from biratnagar to Kathmandu on Ashwini Agarwal 9 Feb 2019. | Dhirajan & Susmita 69 connecting two culture capitals

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