DOCSLIB.ORG

Erythrina Herbacea: Coralbean1 Edward F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Erythrina Herbacea: Coralbean1 Edward F FPS197 Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean1 Edward F. Gilman, Dennis G. Watson, Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Deborah R. Hilbert, and Drew C. McLean2 Introduction Planting month for zone 8: year round Planting month for zone 9: year round Erythrina herbacea is a shrub that may attain a height of Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round 15 feet but is often smaller. It rarely exceeds a height of 8 Origin: native to the coastal states of the southeastern feet in the northern and central sections of Florida. The United States, in addition to Texas and Mexico coralbean has compound leaves that are semi-deciduous, UF/IFAS Invasive Assessment Status: native and these 4- to 9-inch-long leaves are composed of three Uses: border; mass planting; attracts hummingbirds; shallow-lobed leaflets. The leaves are dull green in color container or above-ground planter and have prickles on their midribs; the prickles are found on the undersides of the leaflets. The stems of this plant are also armed with short, recurved spines. In south Florida, slender, multiple trunks that are covered with pale, thick bark are formed. Bright red, tubular flowers are borne in 2-foot-long terminal racemes that can be enjoyed from April to June. These flowers are attractive to hummingbirds. The showy fruits of the coralbean are drooping pods that are constricted between the seeds. These pods split in the fall to reveal the beautiful, bright red seeds. General Information Scientific name: Erythrina herbacea Pronunciation: air-rith-RYE-nuh hur-BAY-see-uh Common name(s): coralbean, cardinal spear, Cherokee bean Family: Fabaceae Plant type: perennial; herbaceous USDA hardiness zones: 8 through 11 (Figure 2) Figure 1. Full Form—Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean 1. This document is FPS197, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 1999. Revised December 2018. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication. 2. Edward F. Gilman, professor emeritus, Environmental Horticulture Department; Dennis G. Watson, former associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department; Ryan W. Klein, graduate assistant, Environmental Horticulture Department; Andrew K. Koeser, assistant professor, Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center; Deborah R. Hilbert, graduate assistant, Environmental Horticulture Department, GCREC; and Drew C. McLean, biological scientist, Environmental Horticulture Department, GCREC; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office. U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. Flower Flower color: bright red Flower characteristic: tubular; emerges in clusters on 2’ long, terminal racemes Flowering: late winter to spring Figure 2. Shaded area represents potential planting range. Description Height: 5 to 15 feet Spread: 8 to 12 feet Plant habit: round Plant density: open Growth rate: moderate Texture: medium Figure 4. Flower—Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean Foliage Fruit Leaf arrangement: alternate Fruit shape: pod with obvious bulbous seed pouches Leaf type: odd-pinnately compound; trifoliate, made up of Fruit length: 2 to 4 inches 3 leaflets Fruit cover: dry or hard Leaf margin: lobed Fruit color: brown Leaf shape: deltoid (Figure 3) Fruit characteristic: inconspicuous and not showy; bright Leaf venation: pinnate red seeds Leaf type and persistence: evergreen Leaf blade length: 4 to 9 inches; leaflets are 1 to 3 inches Leaf color: dull green on top, paler green underneath Fall color: no fall color change Fall characteristic: not showy Figure 3. Leaf—Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean Figure 5. Fruit—Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean 2 Trunk and Branches Use and Management Trunk/branches: thorns present; not particularly showy Coralbean is often used to give a woodland planting a Bark: pale, thick, rough, and armed with tiny thorn-like naturalistic, informal effect. It is also excellent as an accent spines or specimen plant. The bright red flowers add beautiful Current year stem/twig color: green highlights to any landscape. It can be planted along a fence Current year stem/twig thickness: medium where it will climb alone and cover it. Derivatives of the plant have been used as a laxative. Native Americans ate roots to increase perspiration. The beans have been used to poison rats and to paralyze fish. Erythrina herbacea should be grown in full sun or partial shade. It is tolerant of a wide range of soils but prefers one that is fertile and well-drained. Fertilize this plant once or twice each year, and cut back the dead tops in the winter. Propagate coralbean from scarified seed or cuttings; cuttings root very easily. Pests and Diseases No pests or diseases are of major concern. Reference Koeser, A.K., Friedman, M.H., Hasing, G., Finley, H., Schelb, J. 2017. Trees: South Florida and the Keys. Figure 6. Bark—Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Culture Agricultural Sciences. Light requirement: full sun to partial shade Soil tolerances: acidic; slightly alkaline; sand; loam; well-drained Drought tolerance: high Soil salt tolerances: moderate Aerosol salt tolerance: high Plant spacing: 36 to 60 inches Other Roots: usually not a problem Winter interest: no special winter interest Outstanding plant: not particularly outstanding Invasive potential: native plant that often reproduces into nearby landscapes Pest resistance: no serious pests are normally seen on the plant Erythrina herbacea: Coralbean 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus Erythrinae Kim, in Florida
    FDACS-P-01700 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner of Agriculture Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, in Florida James Wiley, [email protected], Taxonomic Entomologist, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Divsion of Plant Industry Paul Skelley, [email protected], Taxonomic Entomologist, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry INTRODUCTION: Galls of the eulophid erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim 2004, were first collected in Florida by Edward Putland and Olga Garcia (Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry) on Erythrina variegata L. in Miami-Dade County at the Miami Metro Zoo on October 15, 2006. Erythrina variegata, also known as coral tree, tiger’s claw, Japanese coral tree, Indian coral tree, and wiliwili-haole, is noted for its seasonal showy red flowers and variegated leaves. It is an ornamental landscape tree widely planted in the southern part of the state. Erythrina is a large genus with approximately 110 different species worldwide. In addition to Erythrina variegata, the erythrina gall wasp has been collected on E. crista-galli L., E. sandwicensis Deg., and E. stricta Roxb. It is uncertain at this time how many species of Erythrina the erythrina gall wasp may attack in Florida. DISTRIBUTION: The erythrina gall wasp is believed to have originated in Africa, but this remains uncertain. It was described (Kim et al 2004) from specimens from Singapore, Mauritius, and Reunion. In the past two years, it has spread to China, India, Taiwan, Philippines, and Hawaii (Heu et al 2006; Schmaedick et al 2006; ISSG 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Humnet's Top Hummingbird Plants for the Southeast
    HumNet's Top Hummingbird Plants for the Southeast Votes Species Common Name Persistence US Native 27 Salvia spp. Salvia or Sage Perennial, annuals Yes - some species 8 Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Turkscap Perennial Yes 8 Salvia gauranitica Anise Sage Perennial 6 Cuphea spp. Cuphea Perennial, annuals 5 Justicia brandegeana Shrimp Plant Tender Perennial 5 Salvia coccinea Scarlet Sage, Texas Sage Annual - reseeds Yes 5 Stachytarpheta spp. Porterweed Annual, tender perennial S. jamaicensis only 4 Cuphea x 'David Verity' David Verity Cigar Plant Perennial 4 Hamellia patens Mexican Firebush Perennial 3 Abutilon spp. Flowering Maple Tender perennial 3 Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush Shrub - evergreen 3 Canna spp. Canna, Flag Perennial Yes - some species 3 Erythrina spp. Mamou Bean, Bidwill's Coral Bean, Crybaby Tree Perennial E. herbacea only 3 Ipomoea spp. Morning Glory, Cypress Vine Vines - perennials, annuals Yes 3 Lonicera sempervirens Coral Honeysuckle Vine - Woody Yes 2 Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Vine - Woody Yes 2 Lantana spp. Lantana Perennial Yes - some species 2 Odontonema stricta Firespike Perennial, tender perennial 2 Pentas lanceolata Pentas Annual 2 Salvia elegans Pineapple Sage Perennial 2 Salvia greggii Autumn Sage Perennial Yes 2 Salvia x 'Wendy's Wish' Wendy's Wish Salvia Perennial, tender perennial 1 Aesculus spp. Buckeye Shrubs, trees - deciduous Yes 1 Agastache 'Summer Love' Summer Love Agastache Perennial 1 Aquilegia canadensis Columbine Perennial, biennial Yes 1 Calliandra spp. Powder Puff Tropical 1 Cuphea micropetala Giant Cigar Plant Perennial 1 Erythrina herbacea Mamou Bean Perennial Yes 1 Erythrina x bidwillii Bidwill's Coral Tree Perennial 1 Hedychium spp. Ginger Perennial 1 Impatiens capensis Jewelweed Annual Yes Votes Species Common Name Persistence US Native 1 Ipomoea quamoclit Cypress Vine Vine - woody 1 Iris spp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status and Impact of the Rainbow Lorikeet (Trichoglossus Haematodus Moluccanus) in South-West Western Australia
    Research Library Miscellaneous Publications Research Publications 2005 The status and impact of the Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus) in south-west Western Australia Tamara Chapman Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/misc_pbns Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons, Biosecurity Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Ornithology Commons, and the Population Biology Commons Recommended Citation Chapman, T. (2005), The status and impact of the Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus) in south-west Western Australia. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Perth. Report 04/2005. This report is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Publications at Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Miscellaneous Publications by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 1447-4980 Miscellaneous Publication 04/2005 THE STATUS AND IMPACT OF THE RAINBOW LORIKEET (TRICHOGLOSSUS HAEMATODUS MOLUCCANUS) IN SOUTH-WEST WESTERN AUSTRALIA February 2005 © State of Western Australia, 2005. DISCLAIMER The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Agriculture and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from use or release of this information or any part of it. THE STATUS AND IMPACT OF THE RAINBOW LORIKEET (TRICHOGLOSSUS HAEMATODUS MOLUCCANUS) IN SOUTH-WEST WESTERN AUSTRALIA By Tamra
    [Show full text]
  • Wiliwili Gall Wasp Invasion Length: One Class Period with Optional Homework Assignment
    Activity #6 Invasive Species Unit 3 Activity #6 Wiliwili Gall Wasp Invasion Length: One class period with optional homework assignment Prerequisite Activity: None Objectives: • Trace the path of the 2005 wiliwili gall wasp invasion on Maui using real-life data. • Identify vectors ad pathways that facilitate the spread of invasive species. • Devise strategies for stopping an invasive pest. • Predict the efficacy of control strategies, based on existing and plausible environmental factors. Vocabulary: biological control (or biocontrol) Erythrina gall wasp (EGW) deciduous vector dormancy ••• Class Period One: Exploring the Gall Wasp Invasion on Google Earth In Advance This exercise requires access to Google Earth (free software available for download at www.earth. google.com) and the Wiliwili Gall Wasp Hoike.kmz file (included with this curriculum and available for download at www.hoikecurriculum.org). It’s best to pre-load computers with the program and file, rather than use class time to do so. Ideally students will work in small groups at their own computers as you lead them through the lesson, using a projector and screen. If that’s not possible, a single computer and projector will suffice. Prior to teaching the lesson, open Google Earth. If you’re using the software for the first time, take a few moments to learn how zoom, pan, search, etc. using the “Navigating Google Earth” tutorial avail- able at www.earth.google.com. It is best, though not necessary, to use Google Earth while connected to the Internet. Explore the Wiliwili Gall
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Group 2009
    1 Erythrina sandwicensis Demography and Spatial Patterns of Erythrina gall wasp, Quadratichus erythrinae Infestation in Waikoloa, Hawai‘i Couch, C.S., J.S. Simonis, R.Q. Thomas, M. Manuel, D. Faucette, J.P. Sparks Abstract: Hawai‘i’s tropical dry forests are unique and highly endangered ecosystems that are currently being degraded by human development and invasive species. The Wiliwili tree, Erythrina sandwicensis (Fabaceae), a dominant species in Hawaiian tropical dry forests is now critically threatened due to the destructive impacts of invasive species, in particular the Erythrina gall wasp, Quadratichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Here, we investigated the spatial and size distribution patterns of E. sandwicensis and potential effects of Q. erythrinae on population demographics by surveying a 310 ha parcel of dry forest in Waikoloa, Hawai‘i. This population of E. sandwicensis is comprised of 119 live trees, all of which are large adults that were spatially clumped to a radius of 400 meters.. In addition, the level of infestation of individual trees by Q. erythrinae was highly spatially autocorrelated, with the greatest correlation occurring within 100 m. Individual trees with higher gall wasp infestation had less tree leaf cover and a lower probability of seeds being present. The results of this study demonstrate that the largest population of E. sandwicensis on Hawai‘i is currently threatened by an invasive insect that alters the ability of trees to photosynthesize and decreases reproductive output. The clumped distribution of individuals likely facilitates the spread of the gall wasp but may allow for spatially focused conservation efforts. Thus a greater understanding of the severity of 2 invasive species impacts on plant physiology and reproductive fitness is necessary for the proper management of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Review on Erythrina Variegata
    Lahari K et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (4) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Review Article A NOVEL REVIEW ON ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA Lahari K*, Divya M, Vidyavathi N, Kishore L, Poojitha M Department of Pharmacology, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Sree Sainath Nagar, A Rangampet, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 01/04/15 Revised on: 23/04/15 Approved for publication: 28/04/15 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.06451 ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are nature’s gift to human society to make disease free healthy life. More than thousand medicinal plants are recognised in our country. The present review is therefore an effort to give a detail survey of the literature on its phytopharmacological properties of Erythrina variegata belonging to the family Fabaceae, which is a shrub with prickly stems; it is a wild growing forest plant in India. Majorly popular system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and homeopathy. Various plant parts such as bark, root, fruits and leaves are used in treatment of fever, astringent, febrifuge, skin diseases etc. Keywords: Erythrina variegata, Fabaceae, Haematological parameters, Green medicine. INTRODUCTION Species: variegata Medicinal plants are majorly an important therapeutic aid for Morphology alleviating the ailments of human kind. The current widespread and strong belief about the plant derived drugs is that “Green medicine” Plant height: 50 – 60 feet is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs due to Plant type: Thorny tree their adverse side effects. Stem type: Soft, smooth, prickly stem Leaf type : Trifoliate (6 inches) Description Leaf color: Green Flower : Dark red (2.5 inches) The genus Erythrina comprises majorly comprises of about 110 Odour : Pungent species of trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Ecology and Population Genetics of Hawaiian Wiliwili, Erythrina Sandwicensis (Fabaceae)
    REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND POPULATION GENETICS OF HAWAIIAN WILIWILI, ERYTHRINA SANDWICENSIS (FABACEAE) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BOTANY (ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY) AUGUST 2018 By Emily F. Grave Thesis Committee: Tamara Ticktin (Chairperson) Curt Daehler Cliff Morden Daniela Elliot Keywords: dry forest, pollination biology, population genetics, conservation biology, Erythrina DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work, and resulting thesis, to my late mother Barbara Jean Grave. My true love of nature was fostered through my first teacher, my mom, who never stopped learning and teaching me about the beauty, wonder, and significance of the world around us. And to my son, Sebastian, for whom I hope to bestow upon my fascination with our enigmatic ecosystems. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the many people who have sacrificed their time to advance this project and its several components. My committee members, Tamara Ticktin, Curt Daehler, Daniela Elliot, and Cliff Morden have been incredibly insightful and supportive, and have helped propel this study into fruition. My field assistant and partner, Tim Kroessig, was instrumental in formulating the basis behind this research. From realizing the importance of the research, to the proposal and permitting, to hours of field work, and onward through the data collection phase, Tim helped make this study a successful reality. His ideas and innovations greatly strengthened the results of the research. I am very grateful to my lab mates: Reko Libby, Zoe Hastings, Georgia Fredeluces-Hart, Ashley McGuigan, Gioconda López, and Leo Beltran (and Solomon Champion and Miles Thomas as well), who spent several hours in (and out of) the field with me.
    [Show full text]
  • Erythrina Mothsterastia Meticulosalis Guenée and Agathodes Designalis
    EENY 516 Erythrina moths Terastia meticulosalis Guenée and Agathodes designalis Guenée 1 Andrei Sourakov2 Introduction In Florida, and throughout the North American popula- tions, A. designalis is represented by the subspecies A. Although little known, the Erythrina moths Terastia designalis monstralis, while A. designalis designalis was meticulosalis Guenée and Agathodes designalis Guenée originally described from South America. Additional work represent a remarkable case of niche partitioning (Sourakov on the genus, including new methods such as the DNA 2011). In Florida, throughout the southern United States, barcoding, is likely to change current classification of the and from Mexico to Argentina, these two species feed on genus (Dan Janzen, pers. com.). For instance, larvae of A. plants of the genus Erythrina (Fabaceae). This genus, while designalis in Costa Rica are different from those in Florida, mostly known as attractive ornamentals, has medicinal and perhaps emphasizing the underlying taxonomic differences other uses (Powell and Westley 1993). The descriptions of (Janzen & Hallwachs 2011; Sourakov 2011). the moths’ life histories below are based on north-central Florida populations that use the coral bean, Erythrina herbacea, as a hostplant. This plant is not only native to the region, but is also frequently used as an ornamental. Synonymy There are four other species within the genus Terastia. In the past, T. subjectalis (found in Australia and throughout Asia) had been considered a synonym of T. meticulosalis, but now is listed in modern literature as a separate species. The taxonomic status of T. meticulosalis populations in Africa, where it is listed from Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, and Sierra Leone, is unclear.
    [Show full text]
  • Erythrina Bidwillii Bidwell's Coral Tree
    Erythrina bidwillii Bidwell's Coral Tree Horticultural Qualities Erythrina bidwillii Bidwell's Coral Tree Foliage: Deciduous to Semi-Evergreen Mature Height: 15’- 20’ Mature Width: 10' - 25' Growth Rate: Fast Hardiness: 25 degrees F Exposure: Full Sun to Partial Shade Leaf Color: Green Shade: Filtered Flower Color: Red Flower Shape: Pea Shaped Petals Flower Season: Spring to Fall Thorns: Barb Box Sizes Produced: 24” Propagation Method: Seed & Cuttings Arid Zone Trees, P. O. Box 167, Queen Creek, AZ 85242, Phone 480-987-9094 e-mail: [email protected] Erythrina bidwillii Bidwell's Coral Tree Erythrina bidwillii (Bidwell's Coral Bean) is a deciduous to semi-evergreen shrub to small tree when protected from frost can obtain the height of 20 feet. It flowers during the summer months a very at- tractive red pea shaped flower that stands out among the traditional desert landscape. The tree needs cleaning of spent flowers for the manicured clean landscape. Wear gloves when pruning to protect hand from barb on branch stem. The bright red tubular flower of Erythrina bidwillii is typically pollinated by insects and humming- birds. Pollen adheres to the hummingbirds head and bill transferring pollen between flowers. Cross pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from one trees flower to another trees flower. When polli- nating the hummingbird is reward with the trees sucrose rich nectar fulfilling their energy requirement and high metabolic rate. The wood is strong and light weight with the buoyancy of balsa wood. The wood has been used for canoe out-rigging, fish net floats and surfboards. In Africa the tree is considered a royal tree and planted on the graves of Zulu chiefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A. Plant Species Known to Occur at Canaveral National Seashore
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Community Monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore, 2009 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2012/256 ON THE COVER Pitted stripeseed (Piriqueta cistoides ssp. caroliniana) Photograph by Sarah L. Corbett. Vegetation Community Monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore, 2009 Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRDS—2012/256 Michael W. Byrne and Sarah L. Corbett USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network Cumberland Island National Seashore 101 Wheeler Street Saint Marys, Georgia, 31558 and Joseph C. DeVivo USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network University of Georgia 160 Phoenix Road, Phillips Lab Athens, Georgia, 30605 March 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire in the Southeastern Grasslands, By
    Fire in the Southeastern Grasslands RICHARD J. VOGL Department of Biology California State University Los Angeles, CA 90032 INTRODUCTION ~ERE has been more research on the effects of fire in the southeastern United States than in any region of North America. Most studies have been concerned with the effects of fire on the trees, including the role of fire in controlling hardwood suc­ cession, fire damage to trees, the effects of fire on soils and litter, the influence of fire on conifer growth and reproduction, and the relationships of fire to tree diseases (Garren 1943; Ahlgren and Ahlgren 1960; Cushwa 1968). A lesser, but stilI substantial number of studies have been focused on the effects of fire on forage yields and livestock production (Wahlenberg et al. 1939), and the use of fire in wildlife management in the Southeast. But academic or phy­ tosociological studies of the vegetational composition and of the effects of fire on the understory vegetation are generally lacking. Except for some range and wildlife research and several general studies (Wells and Shunk 1931; Leukel and St<Jkes 1939; Biswell and Lemon 1943; Burton 1944; Lemon 1949, 1967; Campbell 1955; Biswell1958; Hodgkins 1958; Arata 1959; Cushwa et al. 1966, 1970; Wolters 1972) , most investigators have ignored the herbaceous cover or grassland vegetation under southeastern trees. Even early botanists often became more interested in the unusual botanical features such as the southern extent of Appalachian tree species (Harper 1943, 1952), the description of the silaceous dunes of the 175 RICHARD J. VOGL Gulf Coast (Kurz 1942), the habits of eastern red cedar (Harper 1912), the vegetation of the Okefenokee Swamp (Wright and Wright 1932), or why the Black Belt Prairie of Alabama was treeless (Ranking and Davis 1971), thereby neglecting the widespread and common grassland vegetation and its relationship to fire.
    [Show full text]