Chinese Medicine and the Elixir of Life
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Paradigm Evolution of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Application in International Community
Central Annals of Community Medicine and Practice Case Study *Corresponding author Hui Yang, Department of Primary Health Care, Monash Paradigm Evolution of the University Australia, Melbourne, Australia, Email: Submitted: 14 July 2015 Traditional Chinese Medicine Accepted: 14 August 2015 Published: 16 August 2015 Copyright and its Application in © 2015 Yang et al. International Community OPEN ACCESS 1,2 2 3 4 Keywords Minmei He , Hui Yang *, Shane Thomas , Colette Browning , • Traditional chinese medicine Kendall Searle2 and Wentian Lu5 and Tao Li1 • Paradigm evolution 1Department of Health Services, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China • Classification 2Department of Primary Health care, Monash University, Australia • Application 3The University of Adelaide, Australia 4Royal District Nursing Service Australia, Australia 5University College London, UK Abstract Objective: This paper aims to explore the definition, historical development, category and international application of TCM to help the world understand the TCM better. Method: The research searched the database of CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), web of WHO and the textbook related with TCM by the keywords such as ‘Traditional Chinese Medicine’, ‘Traditional Medicine’, ‘history’, ‘utilization’, ‘classification’, and analyzed the material and made a conclusion. Result: The term of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was named after the People’s Republic of China was set up; The four famous works built up the fundamental of theory and ideology of medicine in China, which are ‘Huang Di Nei Jing’, ‘Nan Jing’, ‘Shen Nong Bai Cao Jing’ and ‘Shang Han Zai Bing Lun’; The paper classified TCM into two different ways, one is based on the theory difference, the other is based on the life cycle of disease; TCM is well accepted by the world with its effectiveness. -
Challenges for the Promotion and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Central and Eastern Europe Under the Belt and Road Initiative
Asian Social Science; Vol. 16, No. 1; 2020 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Challenges for the Promotion and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Central and Eastern Europe Under the Belt and Road Initiative Feifei Xue1, Xiaoyong He1, Wenzhi Hao1, Jiajia Qin1 & Jiaxu Chen1 1 Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: Jiaxu Chen. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 21, 2019 Accepted: November 19, 2019 Online Published: December 31, 2019 doi:10.5539/ass.v16n1p35 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n1p35 This work was supported by the Department of International Cooperation and Exchanges of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China under Grant number 2059999. Abstract Along with the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is increasingly used and attracts more interest in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). As an important bridge between different cultures, translation plays a major role in promoting TCM in CEE. However, there are some problems in the translation process hindering further promotion of TCM theories and culture in CEE. First of all, the English translations of TCM classics and textbooks lack universally accepted standards, and the quality of TCM text translation is low. Secondly, TCM translators lack sufficient training in TCM knowledge. Also, the translation of TCM materials lacks cultural connotation. Through analyzing the current problems of TCM translation in CEE, this study proposed three suggestions: strengthening the exchange between the government and experts, regulating the translation of TCM textbooks, and strengthening the training of TCM translators. -
Selection from Yellow Emperor's Medical Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing)
Selection of Yellow Emperor’s Medical Classic Yu Qi MD (China) Atlantic Institute of Oriental Medicine Course Syllabus Title/ Number of Course: Yellow Emperor’s Medical Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) Instructor: Yu Qi MD (China) Phone: (954) 763-9840 ext. 205 Contact: http://www.cnacupuncture.com/student-resources.html Course Description: Huang Di Nei Jing is the most original and genuine source of the traditional Chinese medical theories. It involves knowledge from all different scientific fields such as: geography, life sciences, philosophy, cosmology, psychology, medicine, seasonology, Yun Qi, chronology, Yin-Yang theory, Wu Xing theory, and etc. It is impossible to practice Chinese medicine as a professional without a clear understanding of Huang Di Nei Jing. References: 1. Nelson Liaosheng Wu, Andrew Qi Wu: Yellow Emperor’s Canon Internal Medicine, Beijing, China Science & Technology Press, 1997 2. Zhu Ming: The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor, Foreign Language Press, Beijing, 2001 Objectives: 1. To introduce historical background, contents, value, time of publication, author and style of Huang Di Nei Jing. 2. To familiarize students with major TCM principles laid down in Huang Di Nei Jing. 3. To make students recite some important original sayings of Huang Di Nei Jing. Learning Outcomes/ Competencies: A student successfully completing Yellow Emperor’s Medical Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) will acquire basic knowledge of Chinese cultural history, basic theory of TCM, acupuncture theory, herbs and formulas, as well as clinical medicine. Topics and Content: 1. Introduction & Health Preservation: Background, contents, value, written time, author and style of Nei Jing; Yellow Emperor and his men. -
The Ancient Chinese Notes on Hydrogeology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology Yu Zhou & François Zwahlen & Yanxin Wang Abstract The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology are people had profound insight into, and widespread use of, summarized and interpreted, along with records of some groundwater at a very early stage. The work summarized related matters, like groundwater exploration and utiliza- in this report involved collection and interpretation of the tion, karst springs, water circulation, water conservation available historical information on the ancient Chinese and saline-land transformation, mine drainage, and envi- perspective on hydrogeology and some related matters. It ronmental hydrogeology. The report focuses only on the introduces seven aspects of groundwater utilization and earliest recorded notes, mostly up until the Han Dynasty related issues. While hydrogeologists gather groundwater- (206 BC– AD 25). Besides the references cited, the related background data, ancient literature and books discussion in this report is based mainly on archaeological should be given as much attention as modern ones. material, the preserved written classic literature, and some Although numerous historical documents are available, assumptions and/or conclusions that have been handed very few hydrogeological records were found scattered down in legends to later ages. Although most material among them. It is hard to find them but they are useful for relates to ancient China, the lessons learned may have enriching the data and understanding the hydrogeological practical significance worldwide. Compared to other condition, and some literature contains records of col- contemporary parts of the world, ancient China, without lected data. -
The Authentic Person As Ideal for the Late Ming Dynasty Physician
Original Paper UDC [133.5:221.3]:61(510)“15/16” Received January 7th, 2013 Leslie de Vries University of Westminster, EASTmedicine, Room N3.110, Copland Building 115, New Cavendish Street, UK–W1W 6UW London [email protected] The Authentic Person as Ideal for the Late Ming Dynasty Physician Daoist Inner Alchemy in Zhang Jiebin’s Commentary on the Huangdi neijing1 Abstract At the end of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Daoist inner alchemy had a significant influ ence on the medical theories of some of the most prominent scholar physicians in Jiangnan China. In this article, I zoom in on Zhang Jiebin’s (1563–1640) commentary on the Huangdi neijing (Inner Classic of the Yellow Emperor), the foundational text of Chinese medicine. In the first chapter of this text, four exemplary types of human beings are described. I analyse how Zhang Jiebin elaborates on one of them, the Authentic Person (zhenren). Abundantly referring to inner alchemical sources, his focus is on the essential constituents of the body: essence (jing), qi, and spirit (shen). I further show how Zhang emphasizes strong connec tions between medicine and inner alchemy in a discussion on concrete practices, which could not only dispel disorders but also lead to the Daoist ideal of becoming a zhenren. Keywords Zhang Jiebin, Chinese medicine, Ming dynasty, inner alchemy, qi, soteriology Introduction Joseph Needham, the great historian of Chinese science, considered Daoism to be the main catalyst for the development of science in China. He stated that Daoists (daojia), “whose -
Tongues on Fire: on the Origins and Transmission of a System of Tongue Diagnosis
Tongues on Fire: On the Origins and Transmission of a System of Tongue Diagnosis Nancy Holroyde-Downing University College London A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of University College London In Partial Fulflment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Department of History 2017 I, Nancy Holroyde-Downing, confrm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confrm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract Tongues on Fire: Te Origins and Development of a System of Tongue Diagnosis Tis dissertation explores the origins and development of a Chinese diagnostic system based on the inspection of the tongue, and the transmission of this practice to Europe in the late 17th century. Drawing on the rich textual history of China, I will show that the tongue is cited as an indicator of illness or a portent of death in the classic texts of the Han dynasty, but these references do not amount to a system of diagnosis. I will argue that the privileging of the tongue as a diagnostic tool is a relatively recent occurrence in the history of Chinese medicine. Paying particular attention to case records kept by physicians from the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) to the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), I will show that an increasing interest in the appearance of the tongue was specifcally due to its ability to refect the presence and intensity of heat in the body. Tongue inspection’s growing pervasiveness coincided with an emerging discourse among Chinese physicians concerning the relative usefulness of shang- han 傷寒 (Cold Damage) or wenbing 溫病 (Warm Disease) theories of disease progression. -
Chapter Four
632 Chapter Four 經學極盛時代 The Golden Age of Classical Scholarship [4/1 SVA Introductory Comments: In this, the opening section of the chapter, Pi Xirui explains why this period became the "Golden Age" of Classical scholarship. For him, this period begins with the recognition on the part of the imperial court of the value and the importance of the learning a person acquires from the serious study of the Classics. This, in the form of the appointment of Gongsun Hong by Emperor Wu, drew the attention of scholars and was certainly a motivating factor. Subsequent reigns saw the increase in the number of men versed in the Classics appointed to high positions. In addition, there was state support for the study of the Classics in the form of an increase in the number of government supported students at the Imperial Academy. Furthermore, there were positions in the bureaucracy that required the holder to be versed in Classical Learning. In the case that one did not hold an official position, there were opportunities to teach at the numerous schools which were located throughout the empire.] 633 4/11 The period beginning with the reigns of Emperor Yuan 元 (reg. 48-33 B.C.) and Emperor Cheng 成2 (reg. 32-6 B.C.) of the Former Han dynasty to the Later Han dynasty was the highpoint of Classical Scholarship. The reason it flourished to the highest degree was that during the early part of the Han, Ruists were not employed in official capacities,3 but when Emperor 1[SVA: Section 4/1 corresponds to pp.101-3 of the Zhonghua ed. -
A New Model in the Study of Chinese Mythology
Journal of chinese humanities 3 (���7) �-�� brill.com/joch A New Model in the Study of Chinese Mythology Liu Yuqing 劉毓慶 Professor of Literature, Shanxi University, China [email protected] Translated by Casey Lee Abstract Chinese mythology [shenhua 神話] does not exist independently as a cultural medium like mythology does in the West but, rather, comprises ideological and narrative forms that emerge according to historical and cultural trends. Not only have myths withstood humanity’s conquest of nature, but they have drawn and continue to draw on the mys- teries of scientific development for new content. It is possible to identify three high- points of creativity in the history of Chinese mythology, each corresponding to shifts in the function and nuance of myths. The first highpoint occurred very early on in China’s ancient history, in the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors [wudi san- wang 五帝三王], when myths were a way to articulate history—that is, history as myth. The second highpoint occurred in the period from the Qin through Jin dynasties, when mythology mainly expounded on philosophy and theory—that is, philosophy as myth. The third highpoint occurred during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, when the narrative content of mythology turned toward the religious—that is, religion as myth. Keywords ancient Chinese history – The Classic of the Mountains and Seas – myth – mythology Mythology is a Western concept. The study of Chinese mythology dates back only to the broad dissemination of Western learning in early twentieth century China and, for most of the past century, has employed concepts, theories, clas- sifications, and research methods developed by Western scholars. -
Proceedings 2020
Vol.1. Iss. 2 Т. 1. Вып. 2 2020 PROCEEDINGS of the International Congress on Historiography and Source Studies of Asia and Africa ДОКЛАДЫ Международного конгресса по источниковедению и историографии стран Азии и Африки САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ SAINT PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES SAINT PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HISTORIOGRAPHY AND SOURCE STUDIES OF ASIA AND AFRICA Vol. 1 Issue 2 XXX Congress on HSSAA On the Occasion of the 150th Anniversary of Academician Vasily V. Barthold (1869–1930) St Petersburg University 19–21 June, 2019 St Petersburg 2020 САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ДОКЛАДЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КОНГРЕССА ПО ИСТОЧНИКОВЕДЕНИЮ И ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ СТРАН АЗИИ И АФРИКИ Том 1 Вып. 2 XXX конгресс по ИИСАА К 150-летию академика В. В. Бартольда (1869–1930) Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет 19–21 июня 2019 г. Санкт-Петербург 2020 EDITORIAL BOARD African Studies Herman Bell, University of Exeter, UK. Alexander Yu. Zheltov, FAAS, St Petersburg University, Russia. Middle East, Caucasus and Central Asia Abdulla Kh. Daudov, Faculty of History, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia. Zarine A. Dzhandosova, FAAS, St Petersburg University, Russia. Nikolay N. Dyakov, FAAS, St Petersburg University, Russia. Alexander D. Knysh, Department of Middle East Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; St Petersburg University, Russia. Alexander S. Matveev, FAAS, St Petersburg University, Russia. Mikhail S. Pelevin, FAAS, St Petersburg University, Russia. Mikhail B. Piotrovsky, FAAS, St Petersburg University; The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia. Ramil M. Valeev, Institute of International Relations, the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia. -
The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World
The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World The Dreaming Mind and the End of the Ming World • Lynn A. Struve University of Hawai‘i Press Honolulu © 2019 University of Hawai‘i Press This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that it may be freely downloaded and shared in digital format for non-commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author. Commercial uses and the publication of any derivative works require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Creative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. The open-access version of this book was made possible in part by an award from the James P. Geiss and Margaret Y. Hsu Foundation. Cover art: Woodblock illustration by Chen Hongshou from the 1639 edition of Story of the Western Wing. Student Zhang lies asleep in an inn, reclining against a bed frame. His anxious dream of Oriole in the wilds, being confronted by a military commander, completely fills the balloon to the right. In memory of Professor Liu Wenying (1939–2005), an open-minded, visionary scholar and open-hearted, generous man Contents Acknowledgments • ix Introduction • 1 Chapter 1 Continuities in the Dream Lives of Ming Intellectuals • 15 Chapter 2 Sources of Special Dream Salience in Late Ming • 81 Chapter 3 Crisis Dreaming • 165 Chapter 4 Dream-Coping in the Aftermath • 199 Epilogue: Beyond the Arc • 243 Works Cited • 259 Glossary-Index • 305 vii Acknowledgments I AM MOST GRATEFUL, as ever, to Diana Wenling Liu, head of the East Asian Col- lection at Indiana University, who, over many years, has never failed to cheerfully, courteously, and diligently respond to my innumerable requests for problematic materials, puzzlements over illegible or unfindable characters, frustrations with dig- ital databases, communications with publishers and repositories in China, etcetera ad infinitum. -
Mapping the Daoist Body (Part One)
Mapping the Daoist Body Part One * The Neijing tu in History LOUIS KOMJATHY Abstract This article examines the history and content of the Neijing tu 內經圖 (Dia‑ gram of Internal Pathways), a late nineteenth‑century stele currently housed in Baiyun guan 白雲觀 (White Cloud Monastery; Beijing). The dia‑ gram is one of the most well‑known illustrations of the Daoist body, though its historical provenance has not been sufficiently documented to date. The present article provides a more complete account of its context of production and dissemination, namely, within the context of Baiyun guan, the late imperial Longmen 龍門 (Dragon Gate) lineage of the Quanzhen 全 真 (Complete Perfection) monastic order, and elite imperial court culture. I then turn to a systematic study of its contents and the Daoist methods ex‑ pressed in its contours. Within its topographical landscape, one finds a spe‑ cific vision of the Daoist body, a body actualized through Daoist alchemical * The present article is part of my ongoing research project on Daoist body maps and Daoist views of self. I am grateful to Livia Kohn, Liu Xun, Jiang Sheng, and the anonymous readers of the Journal of Daoist Studies for their helpful com‑ ments. I also wish to thank Kate Townsend for her many insights into Daoist cultivation and Chinese medicine. 67 68 / Journal of Daoist Studies 1 (2008) praxis. As such, the Neijing tu and its various rubbings were more than likely intended as visual aids for Daoist religious training. For readability, the article has been divided into two parts. The current section discusses the diagram’s historical and terminological dimensions. -
Taoist Internal Alchemy: an Anthology of Neidan Texts
Preview Preview Fabrizio Pregadio Taoist Internal Alchemy An Anthology of Neidan Texts Preview Golden Elixir Press This preview contains the front matter and the first 2 pages of each chapter. See the web page on this book. (https://www.goldenelixir.com/press/tao_03_neidan_anthology.html) The Chinese texts translated in the present anthology are freeely available in PDF. For the download link, please consult the page on this book in the Golden Elixir Press website (www.goldenelixir.com). Golden Elixir Press Mountain View, CA www.goldenelixir.com © 2019 Fabrizio Pregadio All rights reserved ISBNPreview 978-0-9855475-5-4 (paperback) No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover: The Taoist Immortal Lü Dongbin, related to several Neidan traditions. Hanging scroll, ca. 1300. Contents Foreword vii Sources xi Translations 1 The Seal of the Unity of the Three 3 2 The Hidden Agreement 23 3 Mirror for Compounding the Medicine 45 4 The Transmission of the Dao from Zhongli Quan to Lü Dongbin 61 5 Awakening to Reality 67 6 Four Hundred Words on the Golden Elixir 87 7 Pointers to the Mystery 109 8 Model Images of the Golden Elixir 121 9 Questions and AnswersPreview on the Golden Elixir 137 10 Fifteen Essays to Establish the Teaching 153 11 The Harmony of the Center 163 12 The Great Essentials of the Golden Elixir 183 13 Rectifying Errors for the Seekers of the