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Long Term Loading and Additional Material Properties of Vectran Fabric for Inflatable Structure Applications
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2010 Long Term Loading and Additional Material Properties of Vectran Fabric for Inflatable Structure Applications Timothy L. Weadon Jr. West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Weadon, Timothy L. Jr., "Long Term Loading and Additional Material Properties of Vectran Fabric for Inflatable Structure Applications" (2010). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4669. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4669 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Term Loading and Additional Material Properties of Vectran Fabric for Inflatable Structure Applications Timothy L Weadon, Jr Thesis submitted to the College of Engineering and Mineral Resources at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements -
A Perspective on High-Performance CNT Fibres for Structural Composites
A Perspective on High-performance CNT fibres for Structural Composites Anastasiia Mikhalchan, Juan José Vilatela IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid, Spain, 28906 This review summarizes progress on structural composites with carbon nanotube (CNT) fibres. It starts by analyzing their development towards a macroscopic ensemble of elongated and aligned crystalline domains alongside the evolution of the structure of traditional high- performance fibres. Literature on tensile properties suggests that there are two emerging grades: highly aligned fibres spun from liquid crystalline solutions, with high modulus (160 GPa/SG) and strength (1.6 GPa/SG), and spun from aerogels of ultra-long nanotubes, combining high strength and fracture energy (up to 100J/g). The fabrication of large unidirectional fabrics with similar properties as the fibres is presently a challenge, which CNT alignment remaining a key factor. A promising approach is to produce fabrics directly from aerogel filaments without having to densify and handle individual CNT fibres. Structural composites of CNT fibres have reached longitudinal properties of about 1 GPa strength and 140 GPa modulus, however, on relatively small samples. In general, there is need to demonstrate fabrication of large CNT fibre laminate composites using standard fabrication routes and to study longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties in tension and compression. Complementary areas of development are interlaminar reinforcement Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected] (Anastasiia Mikhalchan) Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected] (Juan José Vilatela) 1 with CNT fabric interleaves, and multifunctional structural composites with energy storage or harvesting functions. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1. State-of-the-art of CNT fibres 5 1.1 Synthesis and hierarchical structure of CNT fibres 5 1.2 Mechanical properties of CNT fibres 8 1.3 Historical retrospective on R&D of commercial high-performance fibres and CNT 11 fibres PART 2. -
Industrial Fabric Yarn Fibers Processes Products
MOVING HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBERS FORWARD INDUSTRIAL FABRIC YARN FIBERS PROCESSES PRODUCTS WHY FIBER-LINE®FIBER INDUSTRIAL OPTICAL FABRIC CABLES YARN? Key Features Overview • Available Flat or Twisted • FIBER-LINE®’s offering of Industrial Fabric Yarn are utilized in a wide • Material can be “Rolled flat” to remove range of applications. FIBER-LINE®’s marriage of high-performance false or producers’ twist fibers and additional processing create unique products that extend • Metered lengths and various spool sizes the life of our customer’s end use product. available • Our yarn have been processed in a variety of different ways utilizing: Knitting, weaving, braiding. FIBER-LINE® FIBERS FOR INDUSTRIAL FABRIC YARN Packaging • Kevlar® Para-Aramid FIBER-LINE® Industrial Fabric Yarn are supplied on a variety of card- • Nomex® Meta-Aramid board tubes to meet your equipment needs. Contact us today • Vectran® Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) with tube dimensions you require. Packages can be supplied on colored, • Carbon Fiber embossed and/or slit tubes. Plastic or metal reels are also available. • Fiberglass • Technora® FIBER-LINE® PERFORMANCE ADDING COATINGS • FIBER-LINE® Colorcoat™: Vibrant Colors for Aesthetic Applications • FIBER-LINE® Wearcoat™: Abrasion & High-Temperature Resistance • FIBER-LINE® Bondcoat™: Adhesion Promotion • FIBER-LINE® Repelcoat™: Water Repellancy • FIBER-LINE® Protexcoat™: UV Degradation Prevention MOVING HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBERS FORWARD POPULAR INDUSTRIAL FABRIC YARN PRODUCTS FIBER-LINE® Nominal Product ID Base Fiber Nominal -
High Performance Fibers
High Performance Fibers One step ahead High Performance Fibers are engineered for extreme uses; whether the requirement is exceptional strength, stiffness, heat resistance and/or chemical resistance. EuroFibers is proud distribution partner of the leading brands in this industry with the ability to tailor these tough fibers to the need of our customers, whether it be coating, twisting, assembling, plying or cutting. HMPE Fiber Para-Aramid Fiber Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMwPE), high modulus Para-aramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant and extremely strong polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene fibers (HPPE) synthetic fibers. The ultimate strength of some aramid fibers can are extremely strong and are the lightest of all ultra-strong fibers. exceed 3500 MPa. Aramid has an outstanding strength-to-weight The ultimate strength can exceed 3000 MPa. However, due to its low ratio, even better than carbon, and excellent dimensional stability melting point of about 150°C (295°F) they are not suitable for elevated due to the high young’s modulus. Para-aramid has a decomposition temperature applications. The fiber is mainly used in protective temperature of ± 500 ºC. Technora® is a para-aramid fiber made clothing like ballistic vests, helmets, cut-resistant glove and tension from copolymers and is produced in the different process from PPTA members like ropes, slings and fishing lines. (poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide). EuroFibers is the premium distributor of DSM offering the extensive EuroFibers is the premium distributor of Teijin® offering their Dyneema® and Trevo® portfolio to our customer base. exceptional aramid fibers Twaron® and Technora® to a wide variety of customers. -
The First Fifty Years People, Memories and Reminiscences Contents
McCrae Yacht Club – the First Fifty Years People, Memories and Reminiscences Contents Championships Hosted at McCrae ...................................................................................................2 Our champion sailors...........................................................................................................................5 Classes Sailed over the years.......................................................................................................... 12 Stories from various sailing events.............................................................................................. 25 Rescues and Tall Tales...................................................................................................................... 31 Notable personalities........................................................................................................................ 37 Did you know? – some interesting trivia.................................................................................... 43 Personal Recollections and Reminiscences .............................................................................. 46 The Little America’s Cup – what really happened ….. ............................................................ 53 McCrae Yacht Club History - firsts ................................................................................................ 58 Championships Hosted at McCrae The Club started running championships in the second year of operation. The first championships held in 1963/64 -
International Formula 18 Catamaran Class Rules
INTERNATIONAL FORMULA 18 CATAMARAN CLASS RULES January 2016 (Update 26/02/2016) The International Formula 18 Catamaran Formula was developed in 1993 by Olivier Bovyn and Pierre-Charles Barraud and was adopted as a Recognised Class in 1996 and as an International Class in 2002. INDEX PART I – ADMINISTRATION Section A – General Section D – Hull A.1 Language .................................... 4 D.1 Parts ........................................... 13 A.2 Abbreviations ............................ 4 D.2 General ...................................... 13 A.3 Authorities .................................. 4 D.3 Hull shells ................................. 14 A.4 Administration of the D.4 Beams ........................................ 14 Association .................................. 4 D.5 Trampoline ................................ 14 A.5 WS Rules .................................... 4 D.6 Assembled Hulls ....................... 15 A.6 Class Rules Variations .............. 4 A.7 Class Rules Amendments .......... 4 Section E – Hull Appendages A.8 Class Rules Interpretation ......... 5 E.1 Parts ........................................... 15 A.9 International Class Fee and E.2 General ...................................... 16 WS Building Plaque .................... 5 E.3 Daggerboard/Centreboard ......... 16 A.10 Record of Measurement E.4 Rudder Blade, Rudder Stock Certificates ................................. 5 and Tiller ................................... 17 A.11 Boat certification ......................... 5 A.12 Initial boat certification -
Pacific Colonisation and Canoe Performance: Experiments in the Science of Sailing
PACIFIC COLONISATION AND CANOE PERFORMANCE: EXPERIMENTS IN THE SCIENCE OF SAILING GEOFFREY IRWIN University of Auckland RICHARD G.J. FLAY University of Auckland The voyaging canoe was the primary artefact of Oceanic colonisation, but scarcity of direct evidence has led to uncertainty and debate about canoe sailing performance. In this paper we employ methods of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic analysis of sailing routinely used in naval architecture and yacht design, but rarely applied to questions of prehistory—so far. We discuss the history of Pacific sails and compare the performance of three different kinds of canoe hull representing simple and more developed forms, and we consider the implications for colonisation and later inter-island contact in Remote Oceania. Recent reviews of Lapita chronology suggest the initial settlement of Remote Oceania was not much before 1000 BC (Sheppard et al. 2015), and Tonga was reached not much more than a century later (Burley et al. 2012). After the long pause in West Polynesia the vast area of East Polynesia was settled between AD 900 and AD 1300 (Allen 2014, Dye 2015, Jacomb et al. 2014, Wilmshurst et al. 2011). Clearly canoes were able to transport founder populations to widely-scattered islands. In the case of New Zealand, modern Mäori trace their origins to several named canoes, genetic evidence indicates the founding population was substantial (Penney et al. 2002), and ancient DNA shows diversity of ancestral Mäori origins (Knapp et al. 2012). Debates about Pacific voyaging are perennial. Fifty years ago Andrew Sharp (1957, 1963) was sceptical about the ability of traditional navigators to find their way at sea and, more especially, to find their way back over long distances with sailing directions for others to follow. -
All About Fibers
RawRaw MaterialsMaterials ¾ More than half the mix is silica sand, the basic building block of any glass. ¾ Other ingredients are borates and trace amounts of specialty chemicals. Return © 2003, P. Joyce BatchBatch HouseHouse && FurnaceFurnace ¾ The materials are blended together in a bulk quantity, called the "batch." ¾ The blended mix is then fed into the furnace or "tank." ¾ The temperature is so high that the sand and other ingredients dissolve into molten glass. Return © 2003, P. Joyce BushingsBushings ¾The molten glass flows to numerous high heat-resistant platinum trays which have thousands of small, precisely drilled tubular openings, called "bushings." Return © 2003, P. Joyce FilamentsFilaments ¾This thin stream of molten glass is pulled and attenuated (drawn down) to a precise diameter, then quenched or cooled by air and water to fix this diameter and create a filament. Return © 2003, P. Joyce SizingSizing ¾The hair-like filaments are coated with an aqueous chemical mixture called a "sizing," which serves two main purposes: 1) protecting the filaments from each other during processing and handling, and 2) ensuring good adhesion of the glass fiber to the resin. Return © 2003, P. Joyce WindersWinders ¾ In most cases, the strand is wound onto high-speed winders which collect the continuous fiber glass into balls or "doffs.“ Single end roving ¾ Most of these packages are shipped directly to customers for such processes as pultrusion and filament winding. ¾ Doffs are heated in an oven to dry the chemical sizing. Return © 2003, P. Joyce IntermediateIntermediate PackagePackage ¾ In one type of winding operation, strands are collected into an "intermediate" package that is further processed in one of several ways. -
APEN PENTEX LAMINATES Contender Sailcloth Is Pleased to Introduce a Completely New Laminate Using the New, Break-Through Fiber PENTEX
APEN PENTEX LAMINATES Contender Sailcloth is pleased to introduce a completely new laminate using the new, break-through fiber PENTEX. Developed for the tire and mechanical rubber markets, PENTEX fiber has several features that make it well suited for sailcloth applications. As a close cousin to regular polyester (PET), fibers made from PENTEX polymer exhibit excellent resistance to flex fatigue and general toughness. They also are more resistant to UV radiation, maintaining more of their original strength for a longer time. This means added sail life in areas where the sun is strong. APEN Styles feature 100% PENTEX constructions including warp, fill and off-angle. New wider angle PENTEX grid for smoother panel transitions and greate fabric stability. NEW Contender now offers PENTEX laminates with taffeta, for increased durability and a wider range of applications. PENTEX fibers also provide a significant performance increase compared to even the high tenacity styles of regular polyester. PENTEX modulus is 2 ½ times higher than PET and since modulus is a measure of a fibers bility to resist stretching, sails made with PEN fibers will stretch less and hold their designed shape longer. Now for the first time, sailors can enjoy increased performance in a fiber without compromising the durability of their sails. Lower stretch, better UV resistance, and great flex strength all add up to improved sail performance. Contender has tested the APEN laminates on the water in both Europe and Australia with very successful results. Low stretch performance -
Building Outrigger Sailing Canoes
bUILDINGOUTRIGGERSAILING CANOES INTERNATIONAL MARINE / McGRAW-HILL Camden, Maine ✦ New York ✦ Chicago ✦ San Francisco ✦ Lisbon ✦ London ✦ Madrid Mexico City ✦ Milan ✦ New Delhi ✦ San Juan ✦ Seoul ✦ Singapore ✦ Sydney ✦ Toronto BUILDINGOUTRIGGERSAILING CANOES Modern Construction Methods for Three Fast, Beautiful Boats Gary Dierking Copyright © 2008 by International Marine All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159456-6 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-148791-3. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. -
ABOUT SAILCLOTHSAILCLOTH 51Sailclothlaminates Technical Innovation and Service - the Fabric of Our Business
All AboutCruising ALLALL ABOUTABOUT SAILCLOTHSAILCLOTH 51SailclothLaminates Technical Innovation and Service - The Fabric of Our Business • AIRX: Bainbridge’s brand name for a superior range of performance spinnaker With a full range of sailcloth, sailmakers hardware and a global sales and support Nylon in spinnakers, polyester replacing nylons. network, Bainbridge is uniquely qualified and committed to supplying the world cotton, what about Kevlar, Twaron and • Bias: A diagonal across a piece of fabric at 45-degrees to the warp and fill. with the finest quality materials. Founded in 1917, Bainbridge International is Q one of the longest established sailcloth manufacturers in the world with almost • Carbon: An extreme performance fibre used extensively in composite engineering Carbon? and recently introduced to the sailcloth market. a century’s experience in developing and supplying the highest quality, highest performance materials to the marine industry. Polyester is still the best all round fibre for most woven and laminated • Creep: The property of fibres to gradually stretch under a constant load. • Crimp: Length or waviness added to a yarn when it is woven over-and-under in a cruising fabrics, as it is durable, strong and good value. However, Bainbridge has always been at the forefront of technical developments within the piece of fabric. Crimp can contribute to the elongation of a fabric under load. since the introduction of Polyester many new and exciting fibres world of sailcloth. Through the skills of the technical team, we have developed A have become available including Kevlar, PEN, Dyneema / Spectra, • Dacron: DuPont’s trade name for polyester fibre. a number of products including AIRX Performance Spinnaker Fabrics, MP Multi- HM Twaron, Technora aramids and Carbon. -
2021 Boat Parking Fees
2021 Boat Parking Fees Fee payable: boat length x beam rounded to closest sq. m. Main compound: £9 per sq. m. Minster compound: £4.5 per sq. m. COST PER YEAR: Class Length Beam m2 MAIN compound MINSTER compound 29er 4.45 1.77 8 £72 £36 29erxx 4.45 1.77 8 £72 £36 420 4.2 1.71 7 £63 £32 470 4.7 1.68 8 £72 £36 49er 4.99 2.9 14 £126 £63 505 5.05 1.88 9 £81 £41 Access 2.3 2.3 1.25 3 £27 £14 Access 303 3.03 1.35 4 £36 £18 Albacore 4.57 1.53 7 £63 £32 B14 4.25 3.05 13 £117 £59 Blaze 4.2 2.48 10 £90 £45 Bobbin 2.74 1.27 3 £27 £14 Boss 4.9 2 10 £90 £45 Bosun 4.27 1.68 7 £63 £32 Buzz 4.2 1.92 8 £72 £36 Byte 3.65 1.3 5 £45 £23 Cadet 3.22 1.27 4 £36 £18 Catapult 5 2.25 11 £99 £50 Challenger Tri 4.57 3.5 16 £144 £72 Cherub 3.7 1.8 7 £63 £32 Comet 3.45 1.37 5 £45 £23 Comet Duo 3.57 1.52 5 £45 £23 Comet Mino 3.45 1.37 5 £45 £23 Comet Race 4.27 1.63 7 £63 £32 Comet Trio 4.6 1.83 8 £72 £36 Comet Versa 3.96 1.65 7 £63 £32 Comet XTRA 3.45 1.37 5 £45 £23 Comet Zero 3.45 1.42 5 £45 £23 Contender 4.87 1.5 7 £63 £32 Cruz 4.58 1.82 8 £72 £36 Dart 15 4.54 2.13 10 £90 £45 Dart 16 4.8 2.3 11 £99 £50 Dart 18 5.5 2.29 13 £117 £59 Dart Hawk 5.5 2.6 14 £126 £63 Enterprise 4.04 1.62 7 £63 £32 Escape 12 3.89 1.52 6 £54 £27 Escape Captiva 3.6 1.6 6 £54 £27 Escape Mango 2.9 1.2 3 £27 £14 Escape Playcat 4.8 2.1 10 £90 £45 Escape Rumba 3.9 1.6 6 £54 £27 Escape Solsa 2.9 1.2 3 £27 £14 Europe 3.38 1.41 5 £45 £23 F18 5.52 2.6 14 £126 £63 Finn 4.5 1.5 7 £63 £32 Fireball 4.93 1.37 7 £63 £32 Firefly 3.66 1.42 5 £45 £23 Flash 3.55 1.3 5 £45 £23 Flying Fifteen 6.1 1.54 9 £81 £41