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Streaming Media Building and Implementing a Complete Streaming System Streaming Media Building and Implementing a Complete Streaming System Gregory C. Demetriades Executive Publisher: Bob Ipsen Executive Editor: Carol A. Long Editorial Manager: Kathryn A. Malm Developmental Editor: Alex Miloradovich Managing Editor: Vincent Kunkemueller New Media Editor: Brian Snapp Text Design & Composition: Wiley Composition Services This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright 2003 by Gregory C. Demetriades. All rights reserved. Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rose- wood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Pub- lisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4447, E-mail: [email protected]. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, inci- dental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Pubishing logo and related trade dress are trademarks or reg- istered trademarks of Wiley Publishing, Inc., in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN: 0-471-20950-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgments xiii About the Author xv Introduction xvii Part One Exploring and Understanding the Medium 1 Chapter 1 Getting Started 3 The Many Uses of Streaming 3 The Role of Streaming in the Digital Media Revolution 5 Broadband Internet 5 Digital Music 5 Consumer Electronics 6 Business 6 E-Commerce 6 The Cost of Streaming 7 Planning Your Streaming System 7 Taking the Next Step 10 Chapter 2 Understanding the Image Capture Process 11 Video Recorder Basics 11 Exposure 12 The Camera Lens 13 Focus 14 Depth of Field 15 Making Images with Visual Impact 16 Shooting without a Tripod 16 Composing for Nose Room 18 Thinking about Color 18 Creating the Illusion of Dimension 19 Adjusting the Point of View 20 Choosing the Best Background 20 Creating Your Own Aspect Ratios 21 Capturing Your Audience with Images 21 Taking the Next Step 23 iii iv Contents Chapter 3 Editing Movies with an iMac and a Digital Camera 25 Editing with Plug and Play 25 Starting with FireWire 26 Determining Your Type of Port 26 Working with iMovie 27 Taking the iMovie Tutorial 28 Starting a Project 29 Importing and Editing Video 30 Cropping a Video Clip 31 Adding Transitions 31 Adding Titles 33 Adding Sound and Music 33 Adding VideoEffects 33 Taking the Next Step 35 Part Two Choosing the Tools of the Trade 37 Chapter 4 Video Cameras and Recorders: The First Component of Quality 39 Video Streaming Conferencing Cameras 39 Portable Videoconferencing with the Intel Pro PC Camera 40 Autotracking Cameras with Motion Detection 41 The Sony EVI-D30 Pan/Tilt/Zoom Color NTSC Camera 42 The Sony EVI-D30C Color PTZ Camera 42 The Sony EVI-D30L Color PTZ Camera 43 Videotape Recorders and Remote Control 43 Finding a High-Quality Videotape Recorder 43 Sony BVW22 Betacam SP Player 44 Sony BVMW55 Portable Betacam SP Editing Recorder/Player 45 Sony BVWD75 Betacam SP Studio Recorder/Player 46 Remote Control of Videotape Recorders 47 Taking the Next Step 48 Chapter 5 Audio/Video Capture Devices: The Second Component of Quality 49 Laying the Foundations of Quality 49 Capture Device Interfaces 50 Basic Capture Cards 52 Professional Capture Cards 52 Digital Video Basics 54 Digitization: Sampling and Quantization 54 Human Vision and Subsampling 55 Pixel Component Values 56 The Technology and Types of Subsampling 56 Temporal Frame Rate and Interlacing 58 Square versus CCIR-601 Aspect Ratios 60 Contents v Capture Formats 60 Resolution and Capture Rates 62 The First Bottleneck: Device-to-Host Memory Capture Speed 63 The Second Bottleneck: Buffer Availability Speed 64 Moving toward Quality Performance 64 Other Capture Device Features 66 Multiple Devices per System 67 Cropping 67 Bitmap Overlays 69 Closed-Caption Processing 69 Deinterlacing 69 Video and Audio Controls 71 Noise Reduction 72 Inverse Telecine 72 Multiple Audio/Video Data Streams 72 Taking the Next Step 78 Chapter 6 Capture Cards Compared: Making a High-Quality Choice 79 Establishing a High-Quality Feature Set 79 Osprey 80 Osprey-100 Series: Video Only 80 Benefits 80 Features 81 Osprey-200 Series: Video and Audio 81 Osprey-500: Video and Audio 81 Benefits 82 Features 83 Osprey-2000: Video and Audio 83 The Osprey Programming Interface 84 The DirectShow Software Development Kit 84 Working with Video for Windows 85 Winnov 85 Winnov 1000 Series: Video and Audio 85 Winnov’s Frame-Buffer Architecture 86 Audio Capture Cards 87 Taking the Next Step 87 Part Three Processing and Producing Content 89 Chapter 7 Preprocessing Audio and Video 91 Exploring MPEG Technology 92 The Battle for Bit-Rate Reduction 92 The Search for High-Quality Compression 93 Optimizing Preprocessor Performance 94 vi Contents Measuring MPEG Picture Quality 95 PAR and Preprocessing 95 Offline PAR Analysis for Quality Control 96 Preprocessing Equipment: Making a High-Quality Choice 97 Prefix CPP100 97 Prefix CPP200 98 HDPrefix CPP1000: HD Compression Preprocessor 98 The IQ Modular Family 98 Taking the Next Step 99 Chapter 8 Building Encoders with Server Connections 101 Developing a Plan of Action 101 Hardware Chassis 102 General Hardware Components 102 Video Capture and Audio Cards 103 Building an Encoder 103 Gathering the Parts 104 Putting It All Together 104 Verifying Your Work 118 Implementing an Internet Connection 119 Connecting through a LAN Using the Internet Connection Setup Icon 119 Connecting through a LAN Using the Internet Explorer Icon 120 Setting up the Software 121 Setting up a Separate Server for Your Encoder 122 Bundled Encoding Systems: Making a High-Quality Choice 123 Plug-n-Stream Nighthawk 220 with AllBand Optimization 124 Plug-n-Stream Nighthawk 500 DV Pro with AllBand Optimization 125 Plug-n-Stream Nighthawk 2000 DV Pro with AllBand Optimization 126 Taking the Next Step 127 Chapter 9 Working with Compression Software 129 Making an Informed Decision 129 RealProducer Plus 8.5 130 Windows Media Encoder 7.1 136 Apple’s QuickTime 139 Standard versus Professional 139 Sorenson Video 3 Codec Features 140 Installation 140 System Requirements 141 Macintosh Installation 141 Windows 9x/2000/NT Installation 141 Validating Your Installation 142 Taking the Next Step 143 Contents vii Chapter 10 Using Cleaning, Editing, and Other Streaming Resources 145 Using Adobe Premiere 145 Working with Discreet Cleaner 147 Exploring Other Resources 148 Agents-Everywhere 148 AIST, Inc. 149 AVID Communications 149 Be Here Corporation 150 InterMedia Solutions 150 Ligos Technology 151 Macromedia 151 MAGIX Entertainment Corp. 151 MaxVU, Inc. 152 Media 100 Inc. 153 Pinnacle Systems, Inc. 153 Point Cloud, Inc. 153 Sonic Foundry 154 Sync4Media 154 TV Builder 155 Taking the Next Step 155 Chapter 11 Transcoding File Formats 157 Revisiting the Compression Process 157 Meeting the Demand for Streaming Media 158 Application Example 1: Publishing Multiple Formats 159 Application Example 2: Flipping on Demand 159 Application Example 3: Collaboration Distribution 160 Application Example 4: Live Flipping 160 Application Example 5: Broadcast Transcoding 160 Working at the FlipFactory 161 Flipware 161 Modularity and Flexibility 162 Media Delivery Appliances 162 Taking the Next Step 164 Part Four Managing and Deploying the Media 165 Chapter 12 Developing Content Management and E-Commerce Solutions 167 Waking Up to Reality 167 Taming a Wilderness of Data 168 Digital Video Comes of Age 170 The Digital Video Value Chain 170 Transforming Video for Interactive Delivery 171 Meeting the Multiplatform Challenge 172 Evolving Formats and Standards 173 Delivering Applied Video 174 viii Contents Exploring Today’s Video Production Environment 176 The Current State of Broadcasting 176 Going Digital 176 News Automation 177 The Virage Broadcast Solution 177 Digital Video Archiving 179 Web Publishing 179 Defining a Structured Web 180 Web Video Infrastructure 181 Web Video Superstructure 181 Metadata Make the Difference 182 The Emergence of Touch Points 183 The Clear Distinction of Process Areas 184 The Media Assembly Environment 185 The Critical Step-by-Step Flow of Metadata 185 The Role of the Video-Publishing Platforms in the Value Chain 186 New Distribution Modalities 187 Web Tactics for Content Owners 188 From Information Wants to Be Free .
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