7th INTREPID Report Gagliato: A framework for future growth
By James Anderson, Emma Kingman Rob Wills
With contributions from: Prue Chiles
January 2018
2
Gagliato A framework for future growth
James Anderson, Emma Kingman & Rob Wills January 2018 Gagliato, Calabria Giovanni Sinopoli
NanoGagliato Paola Ferrari Professor Mauro Ferrari
Creative Small Settlements Professor Paolo Ceccarelli Dr. Giulio Verdini
University of Westminster Dr. Giulio Verdini
Newcastle University Professor Prue Chiles MArch ‘Linked Research’ Students 2017 - 2018 Emma Kingman James Anderson Robert Wills
With funding from Cost_Intrepid Dr. Olivia Bina Sustainable Regeneration
“..development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” 1
1- Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Brundtland Report. Our Common Future. Comissão Mundial. CONTENTS
Introduction p1
1 p6 2 p36 3 p56 4 p74 5 p114 6 p118 Understanding the Gagliato: The Town NUATI1 Creative The Way Forward Reflective Bibliography context of Gagliato Towns Workshop Recommendations p7 Introducing Calabria p37 Gagliato in Context p57 Introducing the Workshop p75 Gagliato’s future focus p115 Recommendations for Gagliato p119 Bibliography p9 Mediterranean History of Calabria p39 Beauty & Opportunities at a glance p59 Activities During the Week p77 Proposals for Gagliato p123 Image References p11 A Timeline of Calabrian History p41 Plan of Gagliato Today p61 Workshop Groups p79 Topography Section through Gagliato p21 The History of the Urban Form of p43 Property Ownership in Gagliato p71 Outcomes of the Workshop p81 Main Street Elevations Calabria p45 Existing Businesses in Gagliato p85 Establishing a Vocabulary of p23 Industry in Calabria & Gagliato p47 Demographics of Gagliato Greenery p25 Agriculture in Calabria & Gagliato p51 History of NanoGagliato p87 Short Term: Potential Competitions p27 New Enterprises & Inspiring p53 NanoGagliato Projects p89 Short Term: Colouring the Town Entrepreneurs in Calabria p99 Medium Term: Develop Piazzas and p29 Tourism in Calabria the High street p33 Challenges & Potentials for Calabria p111 Gagliato in the Long Term Introduction UNESCO Global Report 2013 Explaining the report context & the associated stakeholders
NUATI1 Non-Profit Org
NanoGagliato Creative Small Non-Profit Org Settlements Te following report is a result of the one needed to achieve the following Sociology and Public Health. Complimentary Report summer 2017 design workshop hosted specific criteria; to liaise concretely with by the Comune di Gagliato and run by local governments; to be engaged in the To facilitate this, NUATI1, (Te New the non-profit organisation, NUATI1, as local decision making advising on how Urban Agenda Translational Initiative), well as a follow-up visit to the town in to promote the regeneration of heritage, was formed in October 2016 by November. the support of local cultures and the Giulio Verdini and Paola Ferrari. Te experimentation of new compatible and organisation operates in two main areas; In early 2017 Giulio Verdini and Paolo innovative activities; to pursue a non- participatory community development Gagliato Commune di Ceccarelli produced a complimentary tourist strategy of local development and education, with particular aims South Italy report, Creative Small Settlements, to the and/or a low impact tourist one. 2 in implementing the UNESCO 2030 Gagliato UNESCO Global report relating to the sustainable development goals. particular chapter on ‘enhanced urban- Gagliato, a small town in southern Italy, rural linkages’. was among one of the cases selected as “Our mission is to find practical solutions an example of local sustainability, and to tackle the problems of marginalized UNESCO has most recently promoted therefore, it was considered as a suitable communities, affected by the negative a human-centred vision of urban pilot project to test new culture based externalities of excessive concentration of development and is fostering the study solutions and innovative ideas for its resources into urban agglomerations.” 4 of alternative forms of creative urban durable development. development.2 Tis vision is in an Te following chapters introduce the attempt to understand how culture and NanoGagliato, an annual Nano- Calabrian region and Gagliato in more creativity can effectively fight processes Technology conference, was the main detail, describes the Creative Towns of urban and regional marginalisation reason Gagliato was a chosen case. Workshop and its outcomes, and and decline. Stemming from the annual conference highlights the way forward for the small Calabrian an educational NGO, the Academy of town of Gagliato. Government Te complimentary report addresses NanoGagliato was set up with the aim the understanding of how culture can to implement and disseminate STEM enhance the overall sustainability of learning among 4 to 19 year olds. 3 Diagram showing the stakeholders involved in the Creative Towns complex urban and regional formations.2 Workshop 2017. Teir research primarily investigates Tis initial step taken by NanoGagliato 2- Verdini, Giulio, and Paolo Ceccarelli, Creative Small Settlements: Culture Based Solutions for Local Sustainable case studies where academia and NGOs has opened up the discussion locally Development (London: University of Westminster, 2017) have assisted local governments to of how to implement further original 3- Verdini, Giulio, Alessandra Mossa, Chris Nolf, Paolo achieve local sustainable development techniques to sustainably regenerate Ceccarelli, Etra Connie Occhialini, and Paola Ferrari, Creative and inclusionary forms of governance of their town.3 Gagliato therefore, hosted Towns Workshop: Gagliato, Calabria: ‘Nanotown’ Regeneration culture and cultural heritage in specific the participatory design workshop in the for Durable Local Development (University of Westminster, February 2017) locations around the world. summer of 2017 involving students and staff with a background in Architecture, 4- NUATI1, ‘The New Urban Agenda Translational Initiative’, NUATI1, 2017
A3
Introduction Pollino National
Where is Gagliato? A3
Riserva Statale Trenta Coste
Cosenza Parco Nazionale della Sila
Consenza Gagliato is situated close to the Ionian Te region of Calabria is dominated by Te recent construction, which is coast in the province of Catanzaro. It is the Appenine mountains running from still ongoing, of a bypass connecting a small rural town at an altitude of 450m, the North of Italy to the very southern Gagliato’s main road with the provincial A3 an area of approximately 6km2 and with tip of the peninsula, Reggio Calabria. highway now gives greater connectivity Crotone a population of 515 inhabitants (2013). Te highest point is located near Reggio to surrounding villages and tourist Te town has seen a steady population Calabria at 1,955m5 on Mount Montalto attractions such as the Serra San Bruno.6 Tyrrhenian Sea decline since the 1950’s with inhabitant’s in the Aspromonte National Park. seeking a better quality of life in places such as Canada and Switzerland. Te closest city to Gagliato is Catanzaro A3 located one hour north from the town Lamezia terme Airport In 1783, the town was devastated by and its closest airport, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro Catanzaro an earthquake with the majority of the is of similar distance to the West coast historic core surrounding the church along the motorway, E848. destroyed and rebuilt. Soverato Marina Te recently finished A3 Motorway Gagliato is located in the Southern Italian running from Salerno and then south Gagliato, Calabria Pilot town region of Calabria, which itself is made to Reggio Calabria allows for easier 5-http://calabria.indettaglio.it/eng/comuni/cz/gagliato/gagliato. up of five different provinces; Cosenza, connections along the West Coast of html Vibo Valentia A3 Crotone, Catanzaro, Vibo Valentia and Calabria. 6-Verdini, Giulio, and Paolo Ceccarelli, Creative Small Settlements: Culture Based Solutions for Local Sustainable Train Station Reggio Calabria. Development (London: University of Westminster, 2017)
A3 Ionian Sea
Calabria A3 Reggio Calabria Destination Distance by car Time Taken Soverato 10.3km 16mins Catanzaro 55.2km 56mins Parco Nazionale dell'Aspromonte Lamezia Terme 67.3km 56mins Reggio Calabria 130km 104mins Reggio Calabria Cosenza 158km 111mins Naples 436km 283mins Rome 643km 403mins
Destinations from Gagliato Map of the Mediterranean region Regional Map of Calabria
3. 4. 1
1.Understanding the context of Gagliato
• Introducing Calabria Mediterranean History of Calabria • A Timeline of Calabrian History • The History of the Urban Form of Calabria • Industry in Calabria & Gagliato • Agriculture in Calabria & Gagliato • New Enterprises & Inspiring Entrepreneurs in Calabria • Tourism in Calabria • Challenges & Potentials for Calabria As a starting point for researching the effects of rural to urban migration and the marginalisation of Gagliato in particular, it was important to compile information regarding the town itself and the surrounding area. Tis was in order to gain a general understanding of the region and the social, political and environmental influences taking place. Tis was roughly broken down into 4 categories; the history of Calabria, the social situation in the wider area, the economics of Calabria and regional development in terms of the creativity showcased by entrepreneurs in the area.
An aerial image of Gagliato hilltop town.
1. Cosentino, C. 2016, ‘Gagliato’, www.youtube.com/ watch?v=tzQe1e7dLYA [Accessed January 2018]
5. 6. Milan Venice Turin Adriatic Sea Bologna Aerospace manufacturing Florence and research in Introducing Calabria Campania Tyrrhenian Sea Calabria in a snapshot Environmental & Biotechnology ROME Bari companies in Puglia
2 3 4 Sardinia Naples Software development and Cagliari IT education in CALABRIA Calabria
Palermo Reggio Ionian Sea Calabria Sicily Catania North Italy A map of the Calabrian enterprises of The Costello Ruffo viewed from Scilla in The picturesque hill town of Morano Calabria is full of dramatic bridges in the South Italy Southern Calabria. Calabro, with Pollino mountain range landscape, like the Salerno-Reggio bridge excellence behind. viewed here. Calabria forms the very tip of the Italian on the production of handicrafts by Filippo Taddei, an economist for the peninsula, where the rugged and hard small businesses. former ruling Prime Minister Mr Renzi, Nucleated hill towns perch on top to navigate landscape makes the region states; “It’s a top priority for us to narrow of the rugged landscape. A sketch showing the character of feel remote in comparison to the rest of Although potential heavy, this rugged the gap between the north and south.”8 Calabria Italy. It’s population is small at just over landscape poses serious threats too. It The terrain is craggy and 2 million inhabitants and its economy, is an area constantly effected by seismic ‘Pockets of excellence” have emerged in mountainous, and in the summer the though growing, is considerably worse activity, gravely highlighted by the Southern Italy, and these as Mr Taddei landscape becomes hot and arid. off than the rest of the country. catastrophic 1783 earthquake which states, “should not be ignored.” He points Settlements hug the coastline and took over 30,000 lives. Moreover, erosive toward clusters of software groups spill out over the cliffs, whilst there Part of this stems from its incredibly rain and steep slopes cause landslides, in Calabria, biomedical companies in rich history. It is one of Italy’s oldest while Calabria also has one of the highest Puglia and aerospace manufacturers in are big sea views from every vantage. regions which has been toiled over and incidences of wildfires in Italy. Tackling Campania, as leading enterprises not Winding roads meander between split between a multitude of different this is a crucial environmental challenge just in the region, but in the country as varied vegetation, from dry civilisations. During this confusion, these for the region. a whole.9 grassland to dense mountain forest. different groups have tried to stimulate the region’s economy by introducing Calabria however, is a constituent of the varied crops and industries. Indeed, much debated ‘north/ south divide’ in Calabria’s economy is still centred Italy, and as mentioned previously, it’s around agriculture; it’s main products economy is considerably weaker than being oil, onions, mushrooms, grains, the rest of the country. 7-Calabria,’ 2017 https://www.lifeinitaly.com/tourism/calabria [accessed 20 January 2018] wine, nuts and citrus fruit. Despite its 8-‘Italy’s economic upturn widens north-south divide’, relatively small size and population, Statistically, Southern Italy’s economic 2015 https://www.ft.com/content [accessed 29 May 2017] 9-Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future - Calabria produces roughly a third of all output fell by 1.3% in 2014, compared to Mielto, Vegas, Garcia Soriano & Cristini (Ed’s) 2015 Taylor and olive oil in Italy.7 a 0.4% contraction as a whole for Italy. Francis Group, London Te south has suffered as a result of long 2. Adams, P. 2017, ‘Town View with Castello Ruffo, Scilla, Te region’s landscape is varied, standing structural issues - such as high Calabria, Italy’, www.tripsavvy.com/mountains-of- calabria-1547216 [accessed 20 January 2018] ranging from forests - to snow covered levels of unemployment, low rates of 3. Unknown. 2017, ‘Festa Della Bandiera’, www.turiscalabria. mountains - to vast stretches of pristine innovation, pervasive corruption and it/website/?lang=it&categoria=/cosa-fare/riti-tradizioni/ coastline. Subsequently, tourism is demographic decline. rievocazioni-storiche/&view_type=s&id=692&title=festa-della- bandiera.html [accessed 20 January 2018] beginning to play an increasing role in 4. di Lk Italia. 2014, ‘Salerno-Reggio Calabria, un fallimento Calabria’s economy, behind its reliance Tere are signs of improvement though. italiano’, www.linkiesta.it/it/article/2014/10/11/salerno-reggio- calabria-un-fallimento-italiano/23103/ [accessed January 2018]
7. 8. Gagliato, hilltop town Soverato, coastal town Catanzaro, city of province Catanzaro Mediterranean History Image taken from Satriano Image taken from Petrizzi of Calabria
A snapshot of the historical movements into Calabria
5 France House of Swabions Ostrogothic Hasburg 1194AD Moldova Kingdom 410AD Switzerland Austria Hungary House of Bourbon Slovenia 1735AD Milan Venice Romania Croatia Bosnia & Herzegovina Serbia
Norman Knights Byzantine Empire 999AD Iucanian Kosovo C.420AD C.400BC Bulgaria [Continuation of Eastern Corse Georgia Rome Roman Empire] Barcelona Macedonia
Albania Roman Armenia Spain Crown of Aragon Sardegna 282BC 1442AD Greece Portugal Turkey Brutti Carthaginion Empire C. 380BC 218BC Sicily Breek C.800 600 3C
Malta Sicilians Tunisia Roger of Sicily 298BC [Norman Rule] Cyprus Syria Algeria 1060AD Saracens Morroco C.800AD Lebanon
Iraq
Jordan
Israel
Libya Egypt
Calabria as a region has been exposed to similar manner, maintaining the region state of decline initiated by exploitation A map of the Mediterranean highlighting the historic movements and many peoples and cultures throughout as prosperous and wealthy. Calabria was one thousand years ago is still evident in conquers of empires in Calabria 800BC - present history. It’s central Mediterranean one of the first regions to be lost by the the North-South divide in modern day location has allowed peoples from North Byzantine Empire during its decline, Italy. Te multitude of cultures over the Africa, the Middle East and Europe to allowing the local population to be years left Calabria a unique region in influence and rule the region. Greek then exploited by new ruling classes- Norman Italy with distinct cultural differences Roman culture had the greatest early Knights travelling from France. Tese to the surrounding regions including influence, establishing trade and formal knights and other Houses that followed cuisine and tradition.10 government. Following the fall of Rome, exploited the working class extracting 5. Google Maps. 2017, https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@43.837 1419,23.1155062,3511757m/data=!3m1!1e3 [Accessed December the Byzantine Empire continued rule in a wealth, marginalising the region. Tis 2017] edited by author.
9. 10. 6 7 8
A Timeline of Calabrian History
An overview of the history of Calabria from 700,000BC to modern day Italy
c.10,000 BC c.450BC 1045 AD Bos Primigenius is created in Papasidero Riace bronzes found Cattedrale dell’Assunta, built partilly from near Riace Roman Ruins
p22-23: Early Conflict- p 20-21: Pre History - Greek Domination Roman Domination p24-25: Roman Influence p26-27: Late Conflict - Unification of Italy
Greek Carthaginian Empire Ostro- gothic Kingdom Swabian French Lucanian Byzan- tine Empire Crown of Aragon Italy Brutti Saracens House of Habsburg Sicily Roman Norman House of Bourbon 700,000 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Te following pages, firstly, give an Key overview of the history of Calabria which is then split into sections highlighted above; Pre-History to Greek Civilisation Name Domination, Early Conflict to Roman DATE Domination, Roman Influence, and Event finally, Late Conflict to the Unification Colour indicates 10-‘Calabria, Italy’, Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010
8. Cherrye. 2017, ‘Gerace’, http://mybellavita.com/2012/08/ 200 architecture-art-calabria-travel/ [Accessed September 2017]
11. 12. Pre History to Greek Domination
Section one
700,000 BC 10,000 BC 3,500 BC 800-600 BC c. 600-550 BC 509 BC Roman Kingdom Traces of Homo First villages Lucanian Greeks founded is overthrown Erectus inhabitation ‘Bos Primigenius’ formed around civilisation many settlements and the Roman discovered in coastal is created the area in the developes from in Calabria Republic is regions of Calabria Neolithic period the Samnites founded
Greek 700,000 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450
c.1200 BC 814 BC 800-600 BC Greek Culture Carthagininian Greek civilisation peacefully spread civilisation develops through Calabria develops
c. 2500 BC 753 BC Brutti tribe develops Roman Kingdom distinguised from is created with the Western Indo- founding of the European tribes city of Rome
700,000BC First villages formed around the area in well connected to Greece with athletes Traces of Homo Erectus inhabitation the Neolithic period. from Calabria travelling and competing discovered in coastal regions of Calabria. in the Olympic games. Notable Greek 800 - 600BC philosophies were developed in Calabria, 10,000BC Greek settlers founded many settlements such as the concept of intellectual During the Palaeolithic period stone age along the coast of Calabria and southern property and Pythagoras moved to man created the ‘Bos Primigenius’, an Italy. Kroton, south of Gagliato in 530BC. It engraving of a bull on a cliff discovered was during the following years of relative in Papasidero, a town approximately 600- 450BC peaceful Greek rule, Greek culture had 200km from Gagliato. Greek culture developed and spread it’s greatest influence. 3,500BC through the region, the area remains
13. 14. Early Conflict to Roman Domination
Section two 285 BC c. 202 BC Te Greek city of Lucanian culture Turii unsuccessfully colapses after sends envoys to defeat in the neutral Rome asking Second Punic War for help
298 BC 218 BC Brutti invade Agathocles dies, Lucanian culture Te Brutti allay Southern Calabria, Lucanians and Brutti in Calabria with Hannibal of assisting the conquer more Greek colapses soon after the Carthaginian Lucanian victory land and siege the Roman Victory in Empire over Epirus Greek city Turii. the Pyrrhic War
Greek Carthaginian Empire Lucanian Brutti Brutti Sicily Roman 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200
282 BC 280-275 BC 218-201 BC Lucanians Te Greek city of Lucanians first Conquered part Turii successfully travel to Southern of Northern sends envoys to Pyrrhic War Second Punic War Italy Calabria neutral Rome asking for help
Agathocles of Alexander of Epirus, 282 BC 218 BC Syracuse, from Brutti submit Roman Legions travels from Greek Sicily, invaded and to Rome defeat the Brutti and mainland to assist forced the Bruttii surrendering vast Hannibal, almost in the defence of into short-lived territories erdicating the Brutti, Greek settlements peace terms ending the War
450 - 200BC north of Gaglia. Towards the end of the envoys to neutral Rome asking for day western Greece, and provided marched the Brutti army to Hannibals Calabria was threatened by opposing 3rd Century BC, Agathocles of Syracuse, help unsuccessfully in 285 BC, then contingents which fought with his headquarters and was defeated by forces, Lucanians conquered part of the from Sicily, devastated the coastal successfully in 282 BC, this episode army. Pyrrhus was defeated and Bruttii Roman legions. North of Calabria at the beginning of the settlements and forced the Bruttii into marked the beginning of the Pyrrhic war. submitted to Rome surrendering vast 4th Century BC. Another tribe, the Bruttii short-lived peace terms. valuable territories. later made war in the south of Calabria. After Agathocles death, the Bruttii During the Pyrrhic War (280 – 275 BC) Tey aided the Lucanian victory over and Lucanias began to claim more the Lucanians and Bruttii sided with War resumed, the second Punic War (218 Alexander of Epirus who had travelled land, seizing Greek settlements. Both Pyrrhus leader of a Greek tribe, from – 201 BC), the Brutti allied with Hannibal from the Greek empire to assist the attempted to capture Turii, ravaging modern of the Carthaginian Empire who sent Calabrian colony of Tarentum, 300km the city in the process; Turii sent Hanno the Elder who unsuccessfully
15. 16. 410 AD Roman Influence Te Fall of Rome Section three
146 BC Te Greek Peninsula Byzantine Emperor is conquered by Justinian I took Italy Rome and Greek from the Ostrogoths, civilisation adopted soon lost the north to into Roman culture the Lombards.
146 BC 27 BC 496 AD Te region of Te Roman Swabia becomes Carthaginian Republic becomes the Dutch of Empire collapses the Roman Swabia under the Empire Frankish Empire
Ostrogothic Kingdom Byzantine Empire Saracens Roman 200 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Brutti culture falls 90-88 BC 285 AD 410 AD 553 AD Saracens 999 AD into obscurity and Ostrogothic Eastern Roman conquered some Norman Knights soon collapses Rome is divided Kingdom collapses Empire becomes coastal towns and begin to arrive following defeat in Te Social War into Eastern and after total Byzantine the Byzantine controlled them to in Southern Italy the Second Punic Western Empires Victory over all areas Empire boost trade from France War of the Kingdom
194 BC 410 AD Romans instate What is to become the military rule then Te Social War Ostrogothic Kingdom set up colonies in causes the demise rules Calabria and Calabria in 194, of the Lucanians much of Italy following 193 and 192BC the Fall of Rome
200BC - 400AD peaceful Roman rule, Roman culture had with the Roman Empire. Byzantine 800 - 1000AD Empire and boosted trade between With the Brutti almost eradicated the it’s greatest influence. emperor Justinian I, took Italy from Te Around 800, Saracens, from modern Calabria and Eastern Europe. Romans put Calabria under military Ostrogoths. Tey soon lost much of Italy day Israel, (not to be confused with 12th rule then set up colonies in 194BC 400 - 800AD to the Lombards, (Germanic people from Century and later references to Saracens Te Saracens greatest influence on 193BC and 192BC. Te Romans named Te fall of the Roman Empire in 410 modern day Northern Italy) but they as the name became synonymous with Calabria was through cuisine, with the Calabria ‘Bruttium’ then later ‘Regio III leads to Italy (including Calabria) retained the south where their culture any Muslim people) invaded the East introduction of spices, cloves and nutmeg Lucania et Bruttium’ when it became being taken over by the Ostrogoths and architecture thrived. coast of Calabria having successfully as well as the increased prominence of part of the third region of Italy. It was and becoming part of the Ostrogothic conquered Sicily. Tey captured and held citrus fruits and aubergines. during the following years of relative Kingdom, which had previously traded some coastal villages from the Byzantine
17. 18. 1780 AD France took Late Conflict to Te dissolution control of of the Austrian southern Italy and Unification of Italy House of Hasburg Sicily
Section four c. 1100 AD 1272 AD 1716AD 1808 AD Otto II takes Napoleon Bonaparte Te Crown of Hasburg Castle’s divided the Kingdom, House of Bourbon Aragon is abolished name founding giving the Kingdom of is founded after the War of the the House of Naples to his brother- Spanish Succession Hasburg in-law Joachim Murat
1137 AD 1313 AD 1501 AD 1521AD 1716 AD 1841 AD Te Aragonese Empire Te Austrian Te Dutchy of Ferdinand II of Te Austrian originates as the House of Hasburg Swabia collapses, Aragon succeeded House of Hasburg Te unification of Kingdom of Aragon is split between local rule remains Alfonzo V of temporarily rules modern-day Italy and the County of its Austrian and in Calabria Aragon Calabria Barcelona merge Spanish branches
Swabian French Byzantine Empire Crown of Aragon Italy Saracens House of Habsburg Norman House of Bourbon 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
1060 AD 1250 AD 1442 AD 1701-1714 1841 AD Angevins succeeded Alfonso V of Te last remaining Roger I of Sicily AD Frederic II in Aragon ruled Te War of ruling branch of establishes a controlling Calabria Calabria under the Spanish the Bourbon’s are government based under the rule of the Crown of Succession deposed in the on Byzantine rule Charles d’Anjou Aragon Italian Unification
1194 AD 1453 AD 1735 AD 1815 AD Te Byzantine Swabians took Te Spanish, Te Bourbon’s Empire collapses control under House of regain control as it is conquered Frederick II, Holy Bourbon, rules over Southern by the Ottoman Roman Emperor Calabria Italy Turks
1806 AD Holy Roman 1000 - 1700AD Swabians from modern day Germany Pope Clement IV. In 1442 Alfonso V of 1700 - 1848AD Empire is In the 1060 Roger I of Sicily established took control under Frederick II, Holy Aragon ruled Calabria under the Crown Te Austrian House of Habsburg briefly dissolved a government based on Byzantine rule Roman Emperor, Frederick II created of Aragon, (a confederation of separate ruled at the beginning of the 18th which was managed by local Greek tolerant kingdom that encompassed kingdoms with one head of state), then Century before the Spanish House(with magnates of Calabria. Under the multiple cultures, after his death Ferdinand II of Aragon ruled from 1501. French Origins), the Bourbons, took the kingdom, giving the kingdom of 1848 - Present Normans Southern Italy was united as Under subsequent rulers Calabria was control in 1735. It was under Spanish Naples to his brother-in-law Joachim Like much of Europe at the time one region and started a feudal system of In 1250 Angevins controlled Calabria subsequently subject to excessively heavy ruled Calabria that Luigi Lilio created Murat until the Spanish Bourbons seized Calabria experienced a series of peasants land ownership in which the Normans under the rule of Charles d’Anjou, who taxes leading to starvation and sickness the Georgian calendar. In the late 1700’s control in 1815. revolts demanding the removal of feudal were made lords who exploited Calabrian controlled much of modern day Southern for inhabitants for a 200 year period. the French took control of Calabria and structures. Te facilitated the unification peasants who worked the land. In 1194 Italy after being granted the crown by in 1808 Napoleon Bonaparte divided of Italy in 1861.10,11,12,13
19. 20. The History of the Urban Form of COZENZA Calabria
Terrhenian Sea CATANZARO
Gagliato 1 Circa 1000 2 Circa 1000-1400
REGGIO Ionian Sea Settlements formed as a tight cluster Settlements grew following the around a significant building ie. contours of the landscape. church or castle.
A map identifying the most prominent cities in Calabria
Cozenza, Catanzaro and Reggio Tis simple concept of the urban fabric Calabria have historically, and remain following the topography and contours to be the dominant urban centres in the of the landscape, results in a multiplicity Calabrian region. of possible street configurations across hill towns in the region. Following Spanish occupation of the 1590s, the Austrians and Bourbons Settlements which were constructed started controlling the area and after the 14th Century exhibit more it was in this period that the local regular streets. Tose built after the population retreated to the mountains 1783 earthquake are distinguishable to escape malaria outbreaks and Saracen for their imposed regular plans, often incursions along the coast. based around a large piazza fronting an architecturally significant building, in Tis created settlements in the most cases a church.14,15 hills and valleys as we know today. Communication was very limited and access was poor, particularly in the winter months when conditions became treacherous. Tis is what has contributed the remote nature of these settlements, where the majority of communications are still via very narrow roads.
Gagliato, like most hill towns in Calabria, follows an urban footprint which 3 Circa 1400-1700 4 Circa 1800 was developed at the turn of the first millennium. Winding streets of varying Newer, and re-inhabited towns Tose built after the 1783 earthquake widths follow the natural topography of 14-Cosgrove, Denis E., Mappings, 1999 exhibited cleared areas for piazzas are known for regular layouts and the landscape, whilst steep and narrow Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future - Mileto, surrounding significant buildings and large piazza’s. Vegas, Garcia Soriano & Cristini (Ed’s) 2015 Taylor and Francis stairs connect areas of the towns at Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02682-7 more regular street patterns different levels. 15-‘Calabria Storia’ 2003 http://www.kalabrien.biz/storia.html [accessed 14 January 2018]
21. 22. Relevant industries but not competitive
Tourism Industry in Calabria & Gagliato
Crafts Past & Present
Textiles
Main areas of Specialisation in
Steel Calabria
Chemical
Te historic background shown farming and artisanal manufacturing on previously illustrates a glorious past of a family scale. Hitachi Rail rise and decline.16 Such domination has Construction of regional and historically prevented the entire South In Gagliato, all local enterprises metropolitan trains. Agriculture of Italy to evolve from a conservative are small-scale and mostly family- Reggio Calabria feudal system, based on massive estates owned and run.16 Tey belong to the (2017) Timber (latifundium), to a modern agricultural agricultural, service, and construction and capitalistic society. sectors. Manufacturing professions such Ca.dis as blacksmithing, cobbling, and weaving, Aluminium containers & rolls Despite the agricultural reform this once prevalent in the local economy, are Cosenza Industry specialisation in Calabria17 structural backwardness persisted even no longer practiced. (2017) after the Unity of Italy and, later on, after the second world war. As a result, the Te diagram opposite illutstrates the Gruppo Abramo town of Gagliato and the surrounding types of industry in the region today. Graphics & Logistics services region has witnessed a steady population Catanzaro 39.3% decline since the 1950s, mostly due to the (2017) 182,082 Employment rate in Calabria is lack of jobs.16 Many former residents of Enterprises in the region, 2015. the lowest percentage region in Calabria, and specifically Gagliato, have Industrie Meccaniche Italy, (2016). migrated to Canada and Switzerland. Cremonesi Metal Carpenteria Calabria is characterised by a weak 12% Construction Crotone industrial structure, which role is 8% Industry 16-Verdini, Giulio, Alessandra Mossa, Chris Nolf, Paolo (2017) marginal. Te region is strongly Ceccarelli, Etra Connie Occhialini, and Paola Ferrari, Creative 63% Services dependent on public budget, and the Towns Workshop: Gagliato, Calabria: ‘Nanotown’ Regeneration for Durable Local Development (University of Westminster, Callipo public-sector accounts for a relevant February 2017) share of the regional employment (22.1% 17-Calabria: Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship Canned & Jarred Tuna and SMEs.’, European Commission, 2018 https://ec.europa.eu/ 57.2% in 2016; the highest value among all the Vibo Valentia growth/tools-databases/regional-innovation-monitor/base- (2017) regions).17 profile/calabria [accessed 10 September 2017] 17% Agriculture Employment rate in Italy, (2016). 18-Commission, European, ‘Labour Market Information’, EURES The European Job Mobility Portal, 2017 Te major economic activities in the area https://ec.europa.eu/eures/T&acro=lmi&showRegion=tru Infographics explaining the most important Number of enterprises & percentages of these enterprises in e&lang=en&mode=text®ionId=IT0&nuts2Code=%20 17 have traditionally been agriculture, sheep employers in Calabria18 particular markets in Calabria 17 &nuts3Code=null&catId=393 [accessed 15 November 2017] Employment rate in Italy & Calabria
23. 24. 4% of this will be allocated to the knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture, forestry and 3rd rural areas in Calabria. 2nd € Olive oil producing timber €1.1bn of public money region in Italy producing will be allocated to the region rural development plan €in Calabria 2014 - 2020 in Italy
Most Important Tree Crop 96% Citrus 4% of this will be allocated 2nd 3rd PGI clementine, high quality 4% to the knowledge transfer Percent of Calabria is classified and innovation in Olive oil producing region Timber producing region of the regions tree agriculture, forestry and 3rd rural areas in Calabria. 2nd citron and a particular kind € Olive oil as rural area, (2014). producing timber in Italy in Italy crops are vineyards €1.1bn of public money region in Italy producing will be allocated to the region of bergamot orange only rural development plan €in Calabria 2014 - 2020 in Italy grown in the Region. Agriculture in Calabria & Gagliato Dominant Regional Markets
4% of this will be allocated to the49% knowledge transfer and innovation in rd Percent ofagriculture, Calabria’s forestry and 15,222km 3 rural areas in Calabria. 2nd € Olive oil producing timber area is agricultural€1.1bn of public money land, (2014).region in Italy producing will be allocated to the region for the region. A sum of €1.1bn of public rural development plan The Byzantines are credited in Calabria 2014 - 2020 in Italy money is available to allocate to the rural € Oregano with giving Calabria her name development plan (RDP) for Calabria from the term “kalos-bruo” between the years of 2014 - 2020. Chestnuts Olives meaning “fertile earth”.19 Tere are several critical challenges in regard to environmental disasters Formerly, Calabrian agriculture in Calabria such as heavy erosive rain concentrated almost entirely on cereals, Cheese and steep slopes causing landslides and olives, and the raising of sheep and goats. Agriculture in floods. Te region has been ranked the Red Onions Te region was long one of the poorest “highest category for population at risks areas in Italy because of its eroded soils 41% Calabria of landslides.” Te region also has one of Percent of Calabria is covered by and scanty cultivation of them. the highest rates of fires in wooded land forests and woods, (2014). among the Italian region.21 Even though there has been a shift Tomatoes towards employment in the public Te RDP outlines six priorities for sectors of services and administration, Honey development and for addressing the a substrate of family-based traditional critical issues outlined above. Te economic activities such as agriculture priorities are; knowledge transfer and and sheep farming remains. innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural areas; competitiveness of Te land reforms of the 1950s and Grapes agricultural sector and sustainable subsequent government investment 138,000 Citrus Fruits forestry; Food chain organisation, Total amount of farms in introduced new and more profitable including processing and marketing of Calabria, (2014). commercial crops, such as citrus agricultural products, animal welfare Timber fruits, figs, and chestnuts.20 As well as Peperoncino Chilli and risk management in agriculture; this, agricultural ventures of excellent Restoring, preserving and enhancing quality have re-emerged, especially in ecosystems related to agriculture 549,250ha niche sectors such as the production of Amount of Utilised Agricultural Niche agriculture markets established in Gagliato and forestry; Resource efficiency and oregano, honey, and cheese. Area (2014). See chapter 2 for details on the Gagliato box climate.21 Funding opportunities are also available Te infographics opposite are highlights of the regions agriculture performance. Average size4ha of a Calabrian farm, 19-Rotella, Mark, Stolen Figs: And Other Adventures in Calabria (2014). (New York: North Point Press, 2003) 20-‘Regional Accounts’, Istat, 2017 https://www.istat.it/en/ archive/regions 21-Commission, European, Factsheet on 2014 - 2020 Rural Development Programme for Calabria (Italy: European 42% Honey Oregano Cheese Commission, 2014), p. 7 http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/ Of farms are below 1ha, (2014). agriculture/files/rural-development-2014-2020/country-files/ it/factsheet-calabria_en.pdf [accessed 23 February 2017] Agricultural markets in Calabria & Gagliato Infographics of the region’s farmland and crops.21
25. 26. 11 12
New Enterprises NanoGagliato Emilio Salvatore Leo Florindo Rubbettino Annual Conference in Gagliato Textiles and Woolen Mill owner Publishing and Printing & Inspiring Entrepreneurs in Founded in 2008, NanoGagliato is hosted Emilio’s aim is to preserve the economic Florindo founded the printing annually in Gagliato and comprises of heritage of textile manufacturing in company, Rubbettino, to bring print Calabria five days of workshops and activities Calabria through maintaining the and publications to remote regions centred around Nanoscience. From operation of a mill founded in 1873. of Calabria. He published books in Nano Gagliato many initiatives have Te products produced have their ‘soul’ the conventional way but also sought Investments by people of Calabria been created including NanoPiccola and in Calabria and allow other businesses out potential authors and people who celebrating and highlighting the value NUATI1 1. to exist. Emilio also founded a popular had ideas which he could publish. Te of their land textile festival to promote his products company maintains a tight link to and the textile industry in Calabria. Calabria, publishing material from this region and giving Calabrian authors a platform. Tey maintain an ethos of supporting and working with small local businesses.
13 14 15
Cooking Soon Mulinum San Floro The Case of Calabria Michelin Star Flour Mill & Restaurant Explorer & Activists for Calabrian landscape
Cooking Soon is an ensemble of chefs Mill of San Floro is a flour mill in a farm Francesco Bevilacqua & Salvatore and their aim is to be the ambassadors of 7 hectares located 15 minutes away Bullotta aim to expose the beauty on their During the summer 2017 workshop of Calabrian land and to enhance the from Catanzaro’s capital. doorstep in Calabria exploring national week seminars and lectures were given cultural, craft and human heritage of parks and mountaineous regions such by entrepreneurs in the region explaining 11. Haid, K. 2017, ‘Emilio S. Leo, Chairman and Creative Calabrian agri-food. Te cottage is split into three parts; one as Aspromonte specifically writing Designer of Lanificio Leo, at a 19th-century hand loom in the their specialist business or movement. is the mill and the line for flour packing about Santa road and the waterfalls of Museum Factory, Soveria Mannelli, Calabria’, http://www. calabriatheotheritaly.com/lanificio-leo-textile-factory-calabria/ which is in full sight of customers, the amendolea.. [accessed January 2018] Tere are a number of individuals and next is the main dining and gathering 12. Rubbettino. 2018, ‘Rubberttino’, http://www.store. businesses who are noted for their space for possible conferences and rubbettinoeditore.it/ [Accessed January 2018] entrepreneurial activity. Tey range 13. Passera, C. 2018, ‘Group photo with the young Calabrian seimnars, and finally, the open lab, chefs at Cooking Soon’, http://www.identitagolose.com/sito/ from restaurant founders dedicated to where the flour is turned into food such en/132/132/16141/carlo-mangio/biafora-rossi-sila-and- preparing authentic Calabrian cuisine aspromonte-at-identita-milano.html [Accessed January 2018] a bread an pizza. 14. Londra, L. 2017, ‘Da Londra tornano in Calabria per with local produce to Publishing firms lavorare in un mulino biologico’, http://www.supereva.it/tag/ supporting local authors and texts about lavoro-a-londra [Accessed January 2018] 15. Bevilacqua, F. 2017, ‘Timeline Calabria. Photo’s’, https://www.facebook.com/photo. php?fbid=1610939318926889&set=pb.100000325083587.- 2207520000.1516624044.&type=3&theater [Accessed January Te page opposite highlights a selection 2018] of these entrepreneurial activities.
27. 28. Number of international tourists’ arrivals in Italy, 2016 In 2014, Italy saw just over 50m x 50 m international tourist arrivals which is International tourists’ arrivals in estimated to increase to 54,486,000 in Italy, 2016 2017.23
Tourism in Calabria
Facts & Figures Number of international tourists’ arrivals in Calabria, 2016 In 2016 Cosenza and Reggio Calabria saw the most amount of international tourists’ arrivals.23 Cosenza Reggio Calabria Catanzaro Vibo Valentia Crotone 74,000 74,000 30,000 28,000 9,000
Number of nights spent in tourist establishments in Veneto, 2015. x 63 m In 2015, Veneto had a total of 63m Nights spent in tourist nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in Veneto, 2015. establishments.24 Calabria has enormous tourist potential, and its development should = 1million reasonably be expected to boost genuine improvement of the regional economy. A wealth of scenery lies along the littoral = 1million which, including the Tyrrhenian and Number of nights spent in tourist Ionian coasts, stretches for nearly 800 establishments in Calabria, 2015. km, and is characterized by a variety of panoramas, ranging from rocky coves to = Italian x 8.1 m While in the same year Calabria had a Nights spent in tourist total of 8.1m.24 vast beaches. Te inland area is dotted establishments in Calabria, 2015. with tiny picturesque villages hugging the hills that slope down to the water, with colourful Mediterranean citrus = Foreigner plantations and olive groves.22 32,226 33,010 Despite the wealth of landscape and heritage in the area, the South of Italy attracts the least amount of international 13,261 15,231 tourists compared to the Centre and 12,854 6,793 Number of guests in collective North of Italy. accommodation establishments by geographical area. (In 1000’s).24 Calabria is continuously described as a region of Italy which is full of potential, while being less globalised and North Centre South & the homogenised, giving it a unique selling Islands point for visitors. 22-James Politi and Giulia Segreti, https://www.ft.com/content 23-Tourism, Italy in Figures 2016 (Italy: Italian National Institute of Statistics, 2015), pp. 56–59 https://www.istat.it/en/ files/2017/06/15.pdf [accessed 15 December 2017] 24-‘International Arrivals to Calabria 2016’, Statista, 2016 https://www.statista.com/statistics/705223/international- tourists-arrivals-in-calabria-by-province-italy/ [accessed 1 April 2017]
29. 30. Pollino National Park
San Basile Tourism in Calabria Albanian Folklore Festival
Diamante Sites of interest Hot Pepper Festival September Saint's Day Festivities December Cosenza
9 10
Sila National Park Crotone
Badolato Pentedattilo Tropea Tyrrhenian Sea Chiesa dell’Immacolata (1686) Film Festival Red Onion and Bluefish Festival Lamezia Terme Catanzaro Airport Tropea Red Onion & Bluefish Festival Soverato Marina August Eggplant Festival September Gagliato, Calabria Pilot town
Vibo Valentia Te region’s terrain is dominated by the or objects of artistic interest. Stilo has Reggio Calabria motorway has been Apennine mountains stemming down the famous `Cattolica’, a 10th century added to the existing littoral highways. from the north and finishing at the Byzantine church; Gerace a Byzantine- Tere are three airports: Reggio di southern tip of the peninsula, Reggio Norman cathedral; Pentedattilo is a quite Calabria, Crotone and Lamezia Terme Calabria. In the region of Calabria, parts unique village huddled on a sandstone (international). Communications with of the Apennines are designated national spur; Squillace has a cathedral, Vibo Sicily centre on Villa S. Giovanni and Reggio Calabria parks; Pollino in the north of Calabria, Valentia a 17th century Duomo; silk Reggio di Calabria. Ionian Sea Sila central and Aspromonte in the south. shawls are made at Tiriolo, and Rossano has the Byzantine church of S. Marco. Reggio Calabria Te mountainous areas of Calabria also have their own attractions: at Gambarie, Te 485 miles (781 kilometres) of its on Aspromonte and in the Sila villages coast make Calabria a popular tourist Sicily Aspromonte National Park (Camigliatello Silano, Silvana Mansio, destination during the summer. Te low Lorica, San Giovanni in Fiore, Taverna, industrial development and the lack of Reggio Annual Festivals Villaggio Racise, Villaggio Mancuso) a major cities in much of its territory have 26-Mileto, C., F Vegas, Garcia Soriano, and V. Cristini, Calabria Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future (CRC peaceful summer holiday can be enjoyed, allowed the maintenance of indigenous Press, 2014) National Parks and in season, winter sports. marine life.26 9. Violi, P. 2015, ‘Pentedattilo at Sunset’, https://antoniovioli. Pentedattilo Airport Connectivity com/2015/11/05/pentedattilo-at-sunset/ [Accessed January Film Festival Many of the inland villages lie in Te communications network is now 2018] Rail Connectivity 10. Italy by Events. 2018, ‘prolococipolle750x464’, http:// 7-11 December attractive settings and have buildings gradually improving and the Salerno- www.italybyevents.com/en/events/calabria/tropea-red-onion/ Mountain Terrain [Accessed January 2018] Regional map showing sites of interest
31. 32. 119,369
Sardegna Spain Greece 26,499 16,027 Sicily Challenges & Cyprus Potentials for 932 Calabria Mediterranean Sea
Refugee Arrivals The above map highlights the refugee arrivals specifically in the Mediterranean with numbers of people arriving in Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus from January to December 2017. ADD REF 16
Campania Salerno Apulia 6,954 6,320 Sardegna 4,981
Participants of NUATI1 discussing the Tahira Yasmine, a refugee who arrived in refugee program in Badolato. Southern Italy, is now living in the town Cagliari Calabria Riace and works in a nearby ceramic shop 23,525 Crotone
Palermo Reggio Calabria Messina Sicily 72,085 Pozzallo Catania From the 1st of January to the 12th Badolato is among a handful of towns In the South of Italy, even though some of Augusta December 2017 Italy saw the arrival which have made a particular effort to the people arriving by sea do stay, most of 119,369 refugees. December 2017 attract refugees to settle in the town. move on towards the North of Italy and 119,369 saw the lowest number of monthly sea into central Europe for a better quality arrivals in Italy with 2,327 persons Once registered with the national of job prospects, services, infrastructure Refugee Sea Arrivals from Lampedusa registered at disembarkation sites.26 government, the people arriving along and housing.28 January to December 2017 REF the east coast of Calabria close to Even though the number of registered Badolato, were offered a home which The above map shows the points and numbers of disembarkments of refugees in Italy from January to November 2017.26 disembarkations is decreasing there are was owned by the municipality most still a significant amount of refugees of which had been vacant and semi- arriving in Italy. See opposite for the derelict then renovated for their arrival. Nigeria 18,158 UASC 13% 26-Sami, Carlotta, Italy - Sea Arrivals (UNHCR - United Guinea 9,701 most recent figures. Te mayor also facilitated visits to Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, January 2017) http:// Côte d’Ivoire 9,507 Acc Child 1% neighbouring towns to help families find data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/mediterranean Bangladesh 9,009 27- Sewell, A. 2018, ‘A small town in Italy was losing population. Mali 7,118 During the participatory workshop, one another. Now Syrian refugees are key to its survival, Los Angeles Eritrea 7,052 119,369 Women 11% summer 2017, the group met with Times’, http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-italy- Sudan 6,221 syrian-migrants-2017-story.html [Accessed January 2018] Tunisia 6,151 Men 75% various entrepreneurs as well as people Similar efforts to attract migrants have 28-Aloise, Salvatore, ‘Migrants Bring New Life to a Village in Morocco 6,003 who have taken agency and made a also been happening in Riace and Gioiosa Southern Italy’, 5 March 2011 33. 34. 2.Gagliato: The Town • Gagliato in Context • Beauty & Opportunities at a glance Plan of Gagliato Today • Property Ownership in Gagliato • Existing Businesses in Gagliato • Demographics of Gagliato • History of NanoGagliato • NanoGagliato Projects In order to fully understand the depopulation and marginalisation of Gagliato demographics specific to Gagliato must be studied. Tis chapter investigates the urban fabric of Gagliato as well as the demographics of the residents to understand the people of the town. It also looks into NanoGagliato and the impact of the annual festival in Gagliato. Looking towards the San Nicola Church and the medieval borgo beneath the main street. 35. 36. View towards the Convento Cappuccini Satriano viewed from the central piazza in Santa Maria d’Altavilla church viewed from The beach and Ionian Sea at Soverato Gagliato in Context church in Chiaravalle Centrale Petrizzi the central piazza in Satriano Map of Gagliato’s relationship to Distance by car from Gagliato to Distance by car from Gagliato to Distance by car from Gagliato to Distance by car from Gagliato to neighbouring towns Chiaravalle Centrale: 6.3km (10min) Petrizzi: 5.5km (11min) Satriano: 8.5km (15min) Soverato: 10km (16min) Population: 5,759 Population: 1,131 Population: 3,438 Population: 3,438 Services: Regional government office, Services: Post office, Pharmacy, Bars, banks, small supermarket, small shopping Services: Post office, Pharmacy, Bars, Services: Post office, Pharmacy, Restaurants, Schools, Fashion shops, mall, cinema, courthouse, bars, restaurants, Restaurants, Primary school, Florist, Restaurants, Primary school, Tobacco shop. Mechanic, Supermarkets, Petrol stations, hospital, pharmacy, B&Bs, 2 schools. Tobacco shop. banks, hospital, bus and rail links. San Vito Petrizzi sull’lonio SP118 SP118 SP144 E90 SP171 Soverato SP119 Superiore Chiaravalle Campo Farnia SP124 Centrale SS182 a SS182 Rom Corso SP146 Soverato Marina Soverato Argusto Strad a S SS182 ta ta SP148 le le Serre 7 del 1 sale GAGLIATO 3 Traver Satriano Marina Ionian Sea Fiume Ancinale SP128 Satriano SP130 SP149 Davoli Fiume Ancinale Marina E90 N Built up area A map showing Gaglito’s relationship with the towns in it’s immediate 500m 1km 2km 3km 4km 5km vicinity, as well as the transport routes linking these built up areas. Regional/ national park Soverato is the nearest major town, 10km away. The Strada Statale 713 Traversale delle Serre (by-pass) road around Gagliato, has Major road improved transport links to Chiaravalle Centrale and reduced the amount of traffic heading through central Gagliato. However, it is yet Minor road to be fully completed with major works planned to finalise the route down to Soverato. Railway 37. 38. Beauty & Opportunities at a glance A photographic study of Gagliato’s character The church of San Nicola is a central Hidden interesting spaces exist throughout Existing render colours and balcony railings Due to its topography, the town is built in a building in the town, but intriguingly, its the borgo, which can be exploited creatively which embody the towns identity terraced manner with extensive views out to rear elevation faces onto the main street. when renovated. the surrounding landscape. Te collection of images displayed adjacent each highlight a part of Gagliato which we found to be either particularly beautiful, captured an essence of the place, or highlights a particular opportunity in the town. Although the size of the public spaces in All over the town different textures and There are numerous examples of loggias Layers of history visible in Gagliato. Roman Gagliato are small, they occupy important colours are apparent, where stucco and extending from the side of buildings in arches sit beneath the modern day church. areas with significant monuments such as paint have fallen away. Gagliato, adding shelter and intrigue. the war memorial. 39. 40. 380m E 1 Ufficio Postale Poste Italiane Football pitches SP148 370m Community centre 360m 2 Plan of Gagliato Today 380m A site plan of the town as existing with annotated sites of significance Lower Borgo 390m 370m 400m 2. The 5. Lower Gagliato 380m Proposed NanoGagliato HQ Borgo Via Regina Margherita 3 3. 390m Strada Statale 713 390m 4. Via Regina Margherita Main Street 410m 400m 1. 420m Church of San Nicola Upper S Old Gagliato 4 High Street 410m 430m Comune di Gagliato 5 High Gagliato 420m 440m N 450m 450m Significant building 440m Shop/ restaurant Via Roma 450m ‘Eco Mostro’ Residential building 6 400m Meeting places 410m Boundaries 460m 430m 420m 420m 6. 410m 430m 50m 100m W Scuola Elementare (Primary school) 470m 41. 42. E SP148 1 Property Ownership in Gagliato A map identifying the share of buildings in the town and their conditions 1. 5. 2 2. 6. Via Regina Margherita 4. 3. Strada Statale 713 Via Regina Margherita 3 S 4 N Public Building Via Roma Inhabited 5 Not Inhabited Derelict Very Derelict/Unsafe To Be Evaluated 50m 100m W 6 43. 44. Existing Businesses in Gagliato All of the existing businesses in Gagliato pictured and displayed on a map. 6. 4. 7. Geoengineering Pot ha Sandwich B&B L’Alba Shop 1. 9. Apostoliti Filipo Bar Apollinaro 0m 50m Pharmacy Francesco 1. 2. 3. 390m 4 5. 6. Zoomed in map to 8. show the businesses 3. 2. Dolce Alenka and their locations Galatos di Barbuto La Rosa di Gerico 5. Pizzeria Ristorante Parrucchieri Lovely 7. 8. 9. Hair Gagliato holds a handful of businesses and finally, a bar and cafe with a small Images of the businesses in Gagliato. Each providing the town with the basic amenities shop to the rear. number correlates to the map image. amenities, they do however, need to travel by car to larger nearby towns for Even though there is a small amenities superstores and retail shops. shop, fresh fruit and vegetables are not readily available. Instead, the town relies Te main businesses, pictured opposite, on a travelling fruit vendor who stops in include; a pharmacy, luxury cosmetics Gagliato everyday. shop, pizzeria, sandwich shop, hairdressers, a B&B, Gelato & Patisserie, 45. 46. % 5 10 15 20 25 Rate of de-population 2000 Age 1768 Demographics of 0-2 6 1% Gagliato 15 1500 Age group composition29 3-5 3% 6-11 24 1268 5% 1001 1000 Te infographics here illustrate 988 Gagliato’s population statistics. As with 12-17 25 Population many rural settlements in Southern Italy, 5% Family composition it has suffered from a sharp population 524 decline; particularly in the period 500 between the 1950s and 1970s. Tis is due 484 to the lack of opportunities in the area, 18-24 21 where inhabitants have shut up shop and 4% moved away in search of work. 0 Moreover, the town suffers in terms of 103 1861 1901 1951 1971 2011 2016 holding onto it’s young population. Te 25-34 majority of inhabitants are 35 and over. 61 Date Tis again is fuelled by remoteness and 12% lack of opportunities. 35-54 15 families live in 140 FOR RENT 28% rented accommodation 59 55-74 147 29% families of No. 75 + individuals of in each family No. 33 48.1% 51.9% 66 13% 20 Gender balance Total population: 505 (2015) % males: 48.1% No. of families: 222 5 162 families live in % females: 51.9% Average age: 47.8 years SOLD their own property 2 Split between ... Total inhabitants Male % Female % 29-‘Municipality of Gagliato’ 2016 https://ugeo.urbistat.com/ AdminStat/en/it/demografia/dati-sintesi/gagliato/79055/4 [accessed 20 February 2017] 47. 48. 18.6% Unemployment rate in Gagliato (2011)30 Demographics of Gagliato Nationality30 % Foreign nationalities in Gagliato Turkey 17 inhabitants 3% population 12.7% Unemployment rate Foreign population in Calabria (2011)31 28 inhabitants (6%) Romania 6 inhabitants 1.2% population Ukraine 2 inhabitants Gagliato has 1 school with 0.4% population 10 students enrolled. The remaining children of Gagliato 8.4% 505 attend schools in nearby towns for Unemployment rate 32 inhabitants India secondary education, better facilities in Italy as a whole (2011) 1 inhabitant and wider choice. 0.2% population Petrizzi, Chiaravalle, Argusto, Satriano, Soverato, Davoli Tis set of infographics highlights the Canada Education in Gagliato and Unemployment in Gagliato in the context of Calabria and Italy 30 breakdown of foreign inhabitants in 1 inhabitant surrounding region Gagliato. Although they make up a small percentage of the overall population, 0.2% population there is a diverse spread of ethnicity. Agriculture Manufacturing Services Commerce It also illuminates the level of Colombia unemployment in the town, which although based on statistics from 2011, 1 inhabitant Year emphasises the disparity in comparison 0.2% population with the rest of the country. Attempting to tackle this problem will be a key factor 1991 7.4% 23.2% 49.5% 20% in regenerating the town. Total foreign pop: 28 inhabitants 2001 15.8% 22.3% 51.1% 10.8% 6% of total pop. 30-‘Town of Gagliato’ 2016 http://italia.indettaglio.it/eng/ calabria/gagliato.html#dati_istat [accessed 27 December 2017] 2011 13.2% 18.9% 51.6% 16.4% 31-‘Calabria Labor’ 2012 https://knoema.com/atlas/Italy/ Male balance: 11 inhabitants Calabria/Unemployment-rate [accessed 5 January 2018] Female balance: 32-‘Unemployment rate in Italy’ https://www.statista.com/ 17 inhabitants statistics/531010/unemployment-rate-italy/ [accessed 5 30 January 2018] % of Gagliato’s workforce in each main employment sector 49. 50. 17 History of NanoGagliato NanoGagliato is an annual conference hosted in Gagliato which as contributed to Gagliato’s urban development NanoGagliato Conference Paula and Mauro Ferrari Founded 2008 Dr. Mauro and Paolo Ferrari, invited world experts, and dissemination and a group of nanoscientist friends to awareness of nanotechnology and its Aims Gagliato in the summer of 2008 where medical applications. they engaged in intense, format-free scientific discussions, interspersed La Piccola Accademia di Gagliato with holiday activities. Te innovative launched the first series of educational thinking and collaborations born from activities for schoolchildren in the this gathering inspired the group to summer of 2010. Tis lively and very continue meeting annually, inviting new successful program became part of the Academia di Investing in Gaglito the Frantoio experts to join in the venture. NanoDays series developed by the NISE NanoPiccola Building (Nanoscale Informal Science Education) Te following year, the group established Network. Approximately a hundred Diversify NUATI1 the non-profit association Academia children from Gagliato and nearby the first Summer 2017 initiative of di Gagliato delle Nanoscienze (Te towns attend this educational festival, Workshop NanoGagliato Academy of Gagliato of NanoSciences) which includes games, presentations, Future to oversee the planning of these trading cards, and a time to ask questions aspirations conferences, and of all the many activities of the scientists. “Developing a Framework for that developed from them. Future Growth for Gagliato” NanoGagliato USA was established in Alongside this, NanoPiccola (La Piccola 2015 as a non-profit organization in Accademia di Gagliato) was created. A Houston, Texas, USA. It was established separate non-profit organisation which to support the activities of the Accademia offers education and workshops about di Gagliato. L’Accademia di Gagliato nanotechnology for children. is financially sustained by private sponsorships and public grants. Te yearly gathering of scientists quickly became formalised as the NanoGagliato As of 2017, NanoPiccola has engaged 17. Tulelli, S. 2013, ‘Scienza e tecnologia per un giorno a Conference and now annually comprises and entertained more than 1,000 NanoGagliato’, http://www.calabriaonweb.it/2013/07/01/ a five-day series of events to encourage children with science learning. scienza-e-tecnologia-per-un-giorno-a-nanogagliato/ [Accessed January 2018] discussions and collaborations among 51. 52. NanoGagliato Projects Projects and initiatives launched under NanoGagliato 18 19 20 21 22 Il Frantoio (Ongoing Project) Frantoio Art Lab and Workshop Gagliato Box Pralaya Arches (Proposed Project) Nano Gagliato Kitchen Lab and Nano Shapes The future home of the Accademia di Gagliato (Proposed Project) Fresh food shipped from Gagliato Yoga Centre Cooking Classes (Proposed Project) Jewellery by Paola Ferrari Events in Il Frantoio by Cindy Swain Te Frantoio building belongs to the Te gagliato Box is the newest initiative Pralaya Arches is to be a yoga centre Nano Shapes is a jewellery brand created Municipality of Gagliato which received Guido Bottazzo, the architect of linked to NanoGagliato. Fresh food located in the Borgo of Gagliato. It will Cindy Swain, sommelier and food by Paolo Ferrari, inspired by the stunning a grant from the European Community Il Frantoio is planning a series of and produce collected from within 30 become not only a centre of training and blogger of the ‘Italicana Kitchen’ blog, is shapes and forms of the engineered in 2013. Te project was presented to the laboratories and workshops where kilometres of Gagliato can be bought retreat for yoga instructors, but also a planning a series of cooking classes and nanoparticles used in her husband’s European Community by the Accademia artists from Italy and the world will as a package and shipped all over the place where children from Gagliato will similar initiatives centred on Calabrian (Dr. Mauro) ground-breaking research, di Gagliato. Once completed it will work with the residents of Gagliato world. A new box containing a different have access to free yoga classes. Guido cuisine. Nanoscientist and other guests she developed a range of jewellery. house future NanoGagliato events and to decorate the interior. All residents selection is available to order every three Bottazzo, the architect, wishes for the to NanoGagliato alongside locals will Te jewellery is created in Matera, in will be available as a venue for creative of Gagliato including children will be months meaning fresh seasonal produce project to be considered ‘a setting to have the opportunity to learn about neighbouring Basilicata and sold online activities in Gagliato.33 invited to attend the workshops. Once from Gagliato can be bought world develop and disseminate practices of artisanal products and traditional recipes worldwide with a percentage of the sales decorated Bottazzo intends to host other wide, year round. A percentage of profits wellness and wholesome living’.33 of Calabria through interactive classes. going to support NanoGagliato and creative annual projects in Il Frantoio.33 goes to funding NanoGagliato and the Te project will cumulate in a delicious nanoPiccola.34 education initiative, NanoPiccola. meal inspired by Calabrian cuisine.33 33- Unknown, ‘Who We Are’, NanoGagliato, 2017 http://www. nanogagliato.com/index.php?lang=en [accessed 15 May 2017] 34-Unknown, ‘About Nanos Collection’, Nanos Collection, 2017 20. NanoGagliato. 2018, ‘Pralaya Arches’, http:// https://www.nanoshapes.com/about/ [accessed 25 July 2017] www.nanogagliato.com/index.php?option=com_ k2&view=item&id=27:pralaya-arches&Itemid=149&lang=en 18. NanoGagliato. 2018, ‘Il Frantoio’ ,http://www.nanogagliato. [Accessed December 2017] com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=14:il- 21. NanoGagliato. 2018, ‘Nanogagliato Kitchen Lab + Cooking frantoio&Itemid=149&lang=en [Accessed December 2017] Classes’, http://www.nanogagliato.com/index.php?option=com_ 19. Levitt, A. 2017, ‘Houston Connects to Italy With Farm- k2&view=item&id=68:nanogagliato-kitchen-lab-cooking- to-Table Gagliato Box’, https://www.houstoniamag.com/ classes&Itemid=149&lang=en [Accessed December 2017] articles/2017/11/30/houston-connects-to-italy-with-farm-to- 22. Ferrari, P. 2018, ‘Nanos Collection’, https://www.nanoshapes. table-gagliato-box [Accessed December 2017] com/product/copper-pendant-uno/ [Accessed December 2017] 53. 54. 3.NUATI1 Creative Towns Workshop • Introducing the Workshop • Activities During the Week • Workshop Groups • Outcomes of the Workshop 23 Te following chapter is dedicated to the summer 2017 participatory workshop. It will outline the various stakeholders specifically involved in the workshop, the activities of the week further detail on the specific groups and the disciplinarians within each and the final outcomes of the for the town to move forward with. Entrance to the Palazzo Romiti, home to the creative towns workshop for one week. Te building was the hub for interdisciplinary working, also holding seminars, group discussions and a town dinner party. 23. NUATI1. 2017, ‘Creative Towns Workshop: Futures Sustainability Social Innovation’, https://twitter.com/NuatiOrg/ status/865492100644720640 [Accessed January 2018] edited by author. 55. 56. Introducing the Workshop Main contributors & stakeholders NanoGagliato NanoGagliato Paola Ferrari Conference Paolo Ceccarelli ILA&UD University of Calabria University of Reggio Calabria ILA&UD WHITRAP, China XJTLU, China University of Westminster UNESCO Global Report Creative Small NUATI1 Gagliato, A Settlements New Urban Agenda Creative Towns Framework for 2013 - 2015 Translational Intiative COST, Intrepid Published 2017 Workshop Future Growth Goenka University, India London School of Economics Newcastle University University of Beirut American University, D.C Giulio Verdini Urban Planning & Architecture Comune di Gagliato Gagliato Host Town Te summer 2017 participatory design well as staff and students from other dedicated to interdisciplinary working, workshop was collectively organised institutions specified in the above therefore, the introductory stages, The flow chart above illustrates the context of the 2017 summer by the University of Westminster, diagram. seminars and group design work relied workshop and the collaborations to organise the participatory design ILA&UD (Te International Laboratory upon the mixing of disciplines to benefit workshop. of Architecture & Urban Design) and Te workshop combined staff and from everyone’s different background. NUATI1. students from backgrounds of Architecture, Urban Planning, Local As well as this, the main contributors Development, Sociology and Public included; the University of Westminster, Health. ILAUD, Liverpool University and London School of Economics, as Te approach to the workshop was 57. 58. Activities During the Week A brief breakdown of the seminars, lectures and workshops throughout the week; 20th-26th July 2017. The trip began on the 20th of July with a short evening introduction. A short stop off on the field trip visit to Members of the participatory workshop Children from the NanoPiccola summer nearby town Chiaravalle listening to presentations to the school stopping for lunch in the Palzzo municipality of Gagliato Romiti 21st July 22nd July 23rd July 24th July 25th July 26th July Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Ancinale Valley Field Trip Seminar Engagment Workshops Group Work Group Work Group Work Gaglaito > Chiaravalle Centrale Serra ‘UNESCO and Creative Small Gagliato Town Hall S.Bruno > Mongiano> Badolato > Settlements’ Moderators: Prue Chiles, Alan Mace, Soverato > Gagliato Paolo Ceccarelli & Franco Rossi Chris Nolf, Etra Connie Occhialini, Moderator: Giulio Verdini Paola Raffa In tour with Antonio Locanto & Local Mayors Meeting NanoTech Scholars Intrepid Workshop Presentation of the Results Ristorante Galatos Te Future of U Gagliato Town Hall Part 1: International Cases Moderator: Olivia Bina Chris Nolf, Pilar Guerrieri & Anna Paola Pola Group work Part 2: Te Case of Calabria Quality of Life: Health and Food Serata in Piazza: Roundtable Francesco Bevilacqua & Salvatore Bullotta Speakers: Giuseppe Passarino &Emilia “NanoGagliato 2017” Participants: Paolo Ceccarelli, Prue Manfredi Chiles, Alan Mace, Paola Ferrari, Giulio Chefs: Luca Abbruzzino, Caterina Verdini Ceraudo & Gennaro Di Pace Chair: Franco Rossi Allocation of Groups Moderator: Giuseppe Palermo Initial discussions 59. 60. Create a series of festivals which run along the Ancinale Valley. Festivals can ‘travel’ from Serra San Bruno to 1 Soverato stopping in each town along the way. Tis will create new, and strengthen existing, links between the towns. The Town of Skills and Creativity Focusing on the creative industry, rural development, tourism, local and migrants. Currently Gagliato has some seasonal increase in activity due to limited tourism and NanoGagliato. By instating a series of events and festivals year-round, Gagliato can become a busier place 2 with higher footfall, improving the local economy and encouraging businesses to start up. Tese festivals could include, art, music, local food, cycling and many more. To facilitate events and festivals the main road, Via Regina Margherita, can be temporarily closed to cars. Te new bypass allows traffic to access all other roads in Gagliato so residents will would still be able to drive in and out of the town id they wish to. Tis road should 3 be prepared to facilitate events and festivals, this can be done by removing the, now redundant, motorway fenders and creating a pedestrian friendly Te Town of Skills and Creativity Chris Nolf Manuela Guzzo surface. Tis improved road becomes a was centred around finding means of XJTLU University of Calabria, Italy public space even between festivals and improving Gagliato’s urban landscape Disciplines: Architecture & Urban Disciplines: Civil Engineering events and can be considered ‘a public through creative activities and specific Design Workshop role: Group Member balcony’. skills. Te workshop groups outcome Workshop role: Moderator was to,through festivals and events, Julian Banister 24 create a vibrant atmosphere in Gagliato Anna Paola Pola American University, Washington D.C. which will encourage tourists to visit and WHITRAP, China Disciplines: International Business through the events and festivals legacy Disciplines: Architecture, World Workshop role: Group Member provide amenities for residents. Heritage & Urban Planning Te stairs are a significant part of Workshop role: Moderator Lan Pham University of Westminster, UK Gagliato’s urban landscape, to link all parts of the town together they can be Nora El Gazar Disciplines: Architecture & Planning Workshop role: Group Member 4 decorated. Tis will enforce Gagliato’s London School of Economics identity and connect the upper and Disciplines: Local Development lower parts of the town to the new Workshop role: Group Member James Anderson Newcastle University, UK ‘public balcony’. Disciplines: Architecture 24. Lowry, K. 2018, ‘Kevin Lowry Photography’, http:// Workshop role: Group Member kevinlowryphotography.tumblr.com/post/75116963239/koi- fish-stairway-photo-by-kevin-see-more-at [Accessed January 2018] 61. 62. Available in Gagliato there is locally sourced food produce sold in both the existing shops and from a local ‘fruit van’. In addition to Gagliato’s connections to local produce there is an 1 abundance of underutilised agricultural land. Tese conditions mean Gagliato is an ideal place to begin farming new crops such as Oregano which play a large The Town of Nanotech role in local cuisine. Focusing on the NanoBorgo regeneration; smart village, insiders/ outsiders. Using support from the European Funding for Agriculture, and possibly 2 Entrepreneurship, Research and Small Production, use the available land around Gagliato to produce crops. Allow the agriculture to be part of the town by cultivating available land around the Borgo and ‘Eco Mostro’. 3 Te ‘Rco Mostro’ could become a herbal Piazza where herbs and produce are sold. Te town of nanotech focuses on Etra Connie Occhialini Martin Antelo providing solutions to the lack of job ILA&UD, Italy University of Westminster, UK opportunities in Gagliato through Disciplines: Architecture & Urban Disciplines: Architecture & Planning existing technologies and connections Planning Workshop role: Group Member in Gagliato. Teir proposals involve Workshop role: Moderator expanding existing local agriculture and Anne Cruise connecting this industry with the town London School of Economics centre. Disciplines: Local Development Workshop role: Group Member Erminia D’alessandro Create spaces for temporary residents University of Calabria in Gagliato, tourists or other visitors. Disciplines: Architecture & Urban Rather than provide a single building, Sustainability 4 utilise derelict buildings interspersed Workshop role: Group Member with current residents. Tis format regenerates derelict buildings and Paola Cannova integrates visitors with locals. University of Calabria Disciplines: Architecture & Urban Planning Workshop role: Group Member 63. 64. Most people in Gagliato consider themselves to be happy(based on a small survey sample), however more than half 1 sometimes struggle to take care of their health, and over 75% are dissatisfied with the available health services in the region. The town of Well-being Focusing on public health, elderly, environmental friendly town, Te Italian government has launched an initiative to encourage healthier diets, community-based health care. centred around the Mediterranean diet as it is not only widely enjoyed but also very healthy. Tey also attempting improve health services availability in Southern Italy through encouraging collaboration between health services. 2 Regional law proposal n. 54 / 10th on the “Valorization of the Mediterranean Diet” saw the creation of ‘Committee for the protection and enhancement of the Mediterranean diet’, amongst other initiatives they created: National Day of the Mediterranean Diet - November 16th. A ‘culinary path’ can be created to connect the different regions of Calabria 3 surrounding Gagliato through their healthy local produce. Te Town of Science and Art focused Alan Mace Lara Berton on the regeneration of the Borgo and London School of Economics, UK London School of Economics, UK means of producing new public art, this Disciplines: Urban planning Disciplines: Local Development is achieved through using available EU Workshop role: Moderator Workshop role: Group Member funding to remove dangerous asbestos roofing from derelict buildings, and use Giuseppe Palermo the vacant building shell to showcase art. University of Calabria Disciplines: Architecture & Urban planning Workshop role: Group Member Kareem Wellington Tis is a branding exercise for Gagliato, University of Westminster, UK it could potentially be: Gagliato: Te Disciplines: Architecture & Planning 4 town of wellness in the Mediterranean Workshop role: Group Member food valley. Luigi Terranova University of Reggio Calabria Disciplines: Architecture & Urban Sustainability Workshop role: Group Member 65. 66. Firstly establish the necessary steps to 1 take and sources of funding available to remove asbestos roofs from in Gagliato. The Town of Science & Art Focusing on Nanoborgo regeneration; public art and open science Identify buildings in Gagliato with asbestos roofing and prioritize which 2 should have their roofs removed (and replaced if not derelict). Remove the asbestos roof and ensure the 3 remaining building is structurally safe. Te Town of Science and Art focused Paola Raffa Siri Arntzen on the regeneration of the Borgo and University of Reggio Calabria, Italy London School of Economics means of producing new public art, this Disciplines: Architecture, Urban Disciplines: Local Development is achieved through using available EU Sustainability & Housing Workshop role: Group Member funding to remove dangerous asbestos Workshop role: Moderator roofing from derelict buildings, and use Myriam Khoury the vacant building shell to showcase art. University of Beirut Disciplines: Landscape Architecture Workshop role: Group Member Diana Tello London School of Economics Use the vacant, asbestos free parts of Disciplines: Local Development the town to install artwork, either in a Workshop role: Group Member 4 purely aesthetic manner or possibly in the form of the new roof. Alessia Santaromita University of Reggio Calabria, Italy Disciplines: Architecture & Urban Sustainability Workshop role: Group Member 67. 68. NanoPiccola has successfully implemented and disseminated the STEM learning among 4 to 19 year old’s since 2010. This initial learning 1 implementation has the potential to expand further into other subjects, facilitating more children from Gagliato The Town of Kids and the surrounding province. Focusing on creative public space; education: schools and informal STEM learning spaces, walkability. Gagliato is a playground for learning. There is great potential in the unused 2 spaces in the abandoned Borgo to be transformed into” classrooms”t -his space could be an aula - or school hall. New learning spaces around the abandoned Borgo can be repaired and maintained to facilitate further investment, as well as introducing new uses to derelict areas. . Courses in building restoration,conservation and 3 building skills, some buildings could become hotels with attached cookery schools and other historic buildings Te Town of Kids looked into the way Professor Prue Chiles Shantelle Edwards become living museums . Agricultural children are currently involved in Newcastle University, UK University of Westminster, UK and horticultural courses could be NanoGagliato and what roles may be Disciplines: Architecture, Education & Disciplines: Architecture & Planning hosted in the terraces and “Il monstro”. available for them in the future. Tey Place-making Workshop role: Group Member propose to expand the initial push of Workshop role: Moderator NanoPicola into multiple subjects. Luca Venuto Tese subjects could inhabit parts of the Pilar Guerrieri University of Calabria, Italy abandoned borgo gradually developing Goenka University, Delhi Disciplines: Architecture & Urban a gagliato into a learning campus. Disciplines: History & Teory of Planning Gagliato becomes established as the Architecture and Planning Workshop role: Group Member focal point of a new way of learning and Workshop role: Moderator many parts of the borgo and the rest Patricia Mijares Chavez of the town able to facilitate learning London School of Economics, UK spaces, it becomes a ‘learning campus’ Disciplines: Local Development 4 where regenerated spaces are both for Workshop role: Group Member the locals and regularly host residential courses or classes for children across Emma Kingman Calabria, and visitors from further Newcastle University, UK afield - across Europe. Disciplines: Architecture Workshop role: Group Member 69. 70. To develop a series of initiatives in Gagliato and the Region Calabria to explore how nanotech expertise can contribute 1 to local wealth mainly by looking at synergies between local agricultural productions and advanced research in nanotechnology. Outcomes of the Workshop To develop a landscape-based approach to profiling local 2 productive opportunities in the area (example: oregano). To develop pilot projects in the field of education by looking at both the innovation of curricula and the regeneration of the 3 town’s public space as a playground for kids, in the attempt to relate a proposed STEM school to more practical and locally relevant skills. To improve the local wellbeing by developing synergies 4 between food, landscapes, education and innovation in local cuisine; To improve the local wellbeing by developing programmes to 5 enhance the quality of environment (being asbestos one of the priorities to tackle). At the end of the NUATI1 Creative Towns workshop hosted during NanoGagliato 2017 the five groups, previously detailed, (Te Town of …) To develop financial and legal mechanisms to incentivise presented their ideas to the residents of 6 the reallocation of vacant houses for a fixed time, subject to Gagliato in Gagliato town hall and then building regeneration and asbestos clearing. to the Calabrian regional Government, Regione Calabria Catanzaro. Both presentations were successful, with the presentations to Gagliato provoking the most engaging conversation and usable feedback. Tis feedback was built upon by a return study visit in November To support art-based activities to revitalize the old (ghost) 2017 and has been the foundation for the 7 town, managing the transition towards sustainability proposals outlined in the next chapter. Opposite is a summation of Dr. Giulio Verdini’s summation of the key outcomes from the NUATI1 Workshop as a whole. 71. 72. The4. Way Forward • Gagliato’s future focus • Proposals for Gagliato • Topography Section through Gagliato • Main Street Elevations • Establishing a Vocabulary of • Greenery • Short Term: Potential Competitions • Short Term: Colouring the Town • Medium Term: Develop Piazzas and the • High street • Gagliato in the Long Term Following from extensive research; the NUATI1 workshop, meetings with locals, and regional government, this chapter outlines multiple ways Gagliato can be improved. Te chapter is divided into: Short Term Projects - projects that could be implemented immediately by residents of Gagliato to improve their town for themselves. Medium Term Projects – Projects which will take more planning on behalf of residents and may require legal permissions or externally financing. Long Term Projects – Projects that will build upon the success of other projects and can be viewed as a long term goal to work towards by completing other changes in the town. Work has already begun on some of the steps leading up from the Via Regina Margherita, showing the enthusiasm the locals have for wanting to develop Gagliato. 73. 74. Short Term projects Gagliato’s Future Focus Balconies of Gagliato Staircase Rione Colouring the Town Potential Competitions Medium Term projects Via Regin a M a r g h e rita Establishing a Develop Piazzas and High vocabulary of trees Street Leading on from the Creative Towns Te following proposals are based on the workshop in the summer, there was aspirations of the people of the town, the a follow up meeting in Gagliato in NanoGagliato organisation’s work over November 2017. the last 11 years, the recent NUATI1 creative towns workshop in July 2017 Te discussion was passionate and and the follow-up visit in November Long Term projects involved which proved to be really 2017. helpful for us to gauge a response to the numerous proposals put forward for Te proposals have been split up into revitalising the town. Te locals were three sections; short, medium and long engaged and were keen to highlight the term projects with one project having an things that meant the most to them. overall effect and feeding into each stage. Moreover, as the image on the previous Tese sections will allow the people of page illustrates; the town have already Gagliato to realise the steps towards started on some of the smaller projects, building a sustainable approach to such as re-paving some of the steps. regenerating the town. Via Regin a M a r g h e rit Renovation of the a NanoBorgo Extend the Learning Campus 75. 76. 380m A E Boundaries Significant building Shop/ restaurant SP148 Residential building 370m Short term project: 360m Proposed painted steps The Proposals for Gagliato 380m Borgo Medium term projects: Proposed Lower Borgo Car Park 390m Proposed piazza 370m 400m Proposed Rione Lower Gagliato 380m Via Regina Margherita S 390m Strada Statale 713 390m Main Street Te plan here is a starting point to show Via Regina Margherita 410m the location of some of the proposed interventions highlighted on the previous 400m page. 420m Upper Tese projects aim to initiate the Old Gagliato regeneration process in the town, by tackling a number of issues outlined High Street below: 1. Te main road through Gagliato is still busy despite the recently completed by- 410m pass. But it is important for connections to the town. 2. Tere are limited pavements, making 430m walking in some sections of the town potentially unsafe. 3. Tere is a general lack of public spaces High Gagliato 420m in the town - where the area around the 440m church in particular could be updated. 4. Tere is a lack of trees, particularly 450m 450m along the main street. 5. Te issue of abandonment, especially 440m in the old borgo, is a major issue which needs to be tackled. N Via Roma 6. Te never to be completed ‘il mostro’ is 450m a building which has drawn unanimous contempt amongst Gagliato’s 400m inhabitants. It could be demolished and the ground around it, used for something 410m else. 460m 430m 7. Parking in the town is an issue which 420m 420m could be addressed. 410m 430m 50m 100m A W 470m 77. 78. Topography section through Gagliato 25m 50m Section A-A 450m Upper Gagliato Old high street Main street Zoomed in focus on the church 440m 430m The Borgo 420m Proposed rione and small piazza 410m with planted tree at the top of via Roma and vico Vitto Emanuele. 400m Proposed piazza development around the church of San Nicola, with planted trees, bollards and traffic calming measures. A proposed loggia to the rear elevation of the 390m church makes the building feel more frontal. Te area at the front of the church has the potential to be opened up more by removing the gate and 380m wall and replacing them with a more transparent balustrade. Small Proposed rione in the old borgo trees could also be planted to draw to create a more vibrant public A A people around. space and aid the much needed regeneration of this part of the town . Condensed site plan of Gagliato for reference 79. 80. Main Street Elevations North Facing Via Regina Margherita The elevation outlines the proposals along the high street detailing zones for lighting, bollards, trees and paving. Existing Via Regina Margherita; North Facing Elevation Existing Buildings Galatos restaurant Apostoliti Filippo Via Giuseppe Via Giuseppe 3x Parking Spaces Drop-Off Point San Nicola Church Via S. Carlo Bar Apollinaro Francesco Vico I S. Comune di Gagliato & Routes Pharmacy Garibaldi Garibaldi Carlo Proposed Via Regina Margherita; North Facing Elevation Zoning Lighting Bollard Lighting Mounted Lighting Mounted Lighting Large Street Lighting BollardLarge Street Lighting Lighting Bollard Lighting Uplighters Large Street Lighting Mounted lighting Bollard lighting Mounted lighting Large street lighting Uplighters Large street lighting Bollards Bollards Bollards Bollards Parking No Parking Zone No Parking Zone No Parking Zone No Parking Zone Speed Slow Down Zone Slow Down Zone Slow Down Zone Short, Medium Proposed Piazza 01 Proposed Piazza 02 Proposed Piazza 03 Existing Piazza & Long Term Short Term: Colouring the Town Short Term: Colouring the Town Medium Term: Develop Piazzas Medium Term: Develop Piazzas Medium Term: Develop Piazzas Medium Term: Develop Piazzas Projects 81. 82. Main Street Elevations South Facing Via Regina Margherita The elevation outlines the proposals along the high street detailing zones for lighting, bollards, trees and paving. Existing Via Regina Margherita; South Facing Elevation Existing Buildings Steps Steps Steps Steps B&B L’Alba Steps Steps Dolce Alenka Dolce Alenka Steps La Rosa di Gerico La Rosa di Gerico Steps & Routes Proposed Via Regina Margherita; South Facing Elevation Zoning Lighting Large Street Lighting Bollard lighting Mounted lighting Large street lighting Uplighters Mounted lighting Bollard Lighting Mounted lighting Bollard Lighting Mounted lighting Mounted lighting Bollard Lighting Bollards Bollards Bollards Bollards Parking No Parking Zone No Parking Zone No Parking Zone Speed Slow Down Zone Slow Down Zone Slow Down Zone Short, Medium & Long Term Projects Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Short Term: Staircase Rione Staircase Rione Staircase Rione Staircase Rione Colouring the Town Staircase Rione Staircase Rione Staircase Rione Colouring the Town Staircase Rione Colouring the Town 83. 84. 1BMN5SFF )N 0MFBOEB 8N )N 8N Establishing a Vocabulary of Greenery 0MJWF5SFF )NNBY 8NNBY #FSHBNPU0SBOHF5SFF )N The Byzantines are credited with giving Calabria her name from 8N the term “kalos-bruo” meaning “fertile earth.35 'JH5SFF )N 8N 8JTUFSJB )N 8N Te vocabulary of greenery features plants that we have seen in Gagliato itself and the surrounding region. Tese plants can be used throughout the town 8BMOVU5SFF to enliven public spaces and piazzas, )N 0QVOUJB $BDUJ as well as enhance the identity of the 8N )N riones within the town as discussed in 8N the ‘Proposals for Gagliato’, Page 77. 35-Rotella, Mark, Stolen Figs: And Other Adventures in Calabria (New York: North Point Press, 2003) P.21 85. 86. Short Term: Potentital Competitions Via Regina Margherita Example of decorative steps Image of ‘the red carpet’ in upper Image of a proposed staircase to use Gaglaito for the competition Plan of high street and the proposed painted steps Proposed painted steps From follow-up discussions with the A resident of Gagliato had already residents to start identifying how town at the Comune in November 2017 created a ‘red carpet’ (see pictured) on they want to portray their town to the it was clear the town were keen to start a set of stairs in the upper part of the surrounding towns? implementing some of the short term town. To build upon this, discussions ideas identified at the summer 2017 have begun about introducing artists Could the vocabularly of greenery workshop. into the town for a competition on feed into these competitions to really their staircases. Te map above shows strengthen Gagliato’s relationship with An idea which arose was to set up the proposed painted steps which what is grown in the surrounding area? competitions in the town. Tese will could become decorated with different encourage participation, establish and textures, materials and colour. Tese competitions will also build upon strengthen the identity of the town and the already strong sense of community, encourage sustainable regeneration for Te ‘Balcony of Gagliato’ competition welcoming atmosphere and pride in the residents. could give the residents a stepping stone their town. into thinking more about the identity of Te competitions include a ‘Balcony of their town. Gagliato’ and ‘Staircase competition’. Te reworking of some of the staircases How could they encompass Gagliato on in the town, realised in the summer their own balconies? 2017 workshop, have already begun to happen in the town. Could this be an opportunity for the Textural images of the route up the proposed competition staircase 87. 88. Short Term: Colouring the town Colour swatches of Gagliato’s buildings Key View to the church captures lots of the colours in Gagliato There are many intrinsic colours displayed in the roofscape of the borgo Views that typify Gagliato have been selected and investigated. From these views colours that embody the essence of that view have been chosen and displayed with each image. Tis simple colour palette can become the basis for These colours have already been selected and used by the residents new restorations in the Town. If restored in Gagliato buildings use colours from this palette the towns identity will be strengthened. 89. 90. Coloured render can be used to accentuate a gable end Short Term: Colouring the town A suggestion of using colour and exposed stonework together to renovate the NanoBorgo The existing photograph of the gable end house Location of the image taken Colour swatch used for the colouring image Te complex and intricate urban fabric of Gagliato can be revealed and showcased through careful interventions and minor alterations throughout the town. Restoring the facade of a selection Revealing stonework at Colour detail above Align edge of render with of buildings through render and paint base grounds the building windows following bottom edge of window lifts the image of the town as a whole, and reveals the structure established forms in improving the public spaces in Gagliato. beneath the render Gagliato 91. 92. Different coloured render Implementing trees such as can be used to highlight an the common Citrus trees entrance into a home or provide shade in summer community building and a sense of identity to the piazza Short Term: Colouring the town A visual implementing new paving and colour into the NanoBorgo The existing photograph in the NanoBorgo Location of the image taken Colour swatch used for the colouring image Additional railings provide The paving installed could Life can be brought back in the medieval a barrier from the main continue the style used borgo through revitalising the piazzas drain and also marks the elsewhere in Gagliato and and colouring some key buildings. edge of the restored piazza help to delineate different Improving the paving and urban fabric spaces in the town makes it more appealing to locals to renovate their properties in the area. 93. 94. Selectively colouring the Introducing decorative NanoBorgo. paving outside of homes Find beauty in the aging to build upon the existing buildings, making them street’s identity and safe and leaving the delineate a centralised stonework exposed. space to gather. Short Term: Colouring the town A suggestion of exposed and coloured homes in Gagliato The existing photograph of the street Location of the image taken Colour swatch used for the colouring image When colouring the streets of Gagliato there is merit in selecting and treating To carry out repair work Spaces left for growing specific homes differently. Te exposed to the structure of the areas outside homes. stonework creates a contrast between NanoBorgo buildings to the old rustic controlled degradation and make them safe and usable. the new rendered façades along a street. Tis will help to maintain a textural identity and provide more variety along a street. 95. 96. Select existing colours Repair balconies and Build upon the already found in Gagliato to use make safe for residents to established greenery in across the NanoBorgo inhabit. Gagliato to create an identity for certain streets. Short Term: Colouring the town An illustration of a fully coloured street in Gagliato The existing photograph of the street Location of the image taken Colour swatch used for the colouring image Te image opposite illustrates how a street could look if each home is coloured. Certain streets could become fully coloured, however, it is important to keep a balance between the old and Leave areas for residents Use a variety of decorative new and the textures already existing in to make their own outside paving to zone areas on the the NanoBorgo. their home. street and also create edges. 97. 98. 1 2 3 Medium Term: Develop Piazzas & the High Street Plan of proposed areas to develop into piazzas Te proposed piazza area around the Te proposed piazza area around the Tere is also the opportunity to expand 390m existing public space surrounding the bar, cafe and post office aims to improve on the small piazza in front of the San Nicola church aims to take attention the spaces around the central steps as Commune, to connect the space with away from the busy road by calming well as forming a connection with the the opposite side of the road, with new 400m the traffic and making the space more new Gelateria on the opposite side of the paving, planted trees and bollards to pedestrian orientated. Tis could be road. Again the aim is to create a more mark out a safe crossing. Te small 4 achieved by utilising different ground pedestrian friendly set of spaces. building viewed here also has the surfaces, along with bollards and planted potential to be opened up and used as a trees. public building. 5 1 3 2 4 5 5 Existing piazza Proposed piazza Te existing piazza around the war Tere is also a small public space with Te amphitheatre itself can be considered memorial is already quite extensive. seating above the amphitheatre, but a public space. its remoteness negates any reason to develop it as a space. 99. 100. Piazza 01: Church & Local Market Square The Borgo Images suggesting a piazza 6 ‘Pot ha’ surrounding the San Nicola Church. Food store 7 Traffic calming measures; single carriage 1 road on the piazza. 1 Te piazza will consist of a different 2 paving surface to mark out the new area. 2 Church of Bollards and trees make the piazza more San Nicola pedestrian friendly, whilst allowing 3 deliveries and vendors to park around the church. 3 Te geometry of the piazza is delineated 4 with different paving to form connections across the space. 5 La Rosso di A proposed loggia at the rear of the Gerico shop 5 church will add interest and seating around the central fountain. bar apollinaro 4 francesco Te gate and wall at the front of the church could be opened out and replaced 6 with a more transparent balustrade, to Via Regina Margherita allow for better views. Te ground surface could be continued Vico Vittorio Emanuele 7 1 down into the Borgo. Te existing public area around the church of San Nicola, is one of the central meeting points of the town. It has the potential to be a really vibrant focal point, but it feels too small and is dominated by the main road. Moreover, the church appears to turn its back onto Proposed plan of the piazza around N this space, with the rear elevation lacking the church of San Nicola 5m 10m detail and interest. As such, the aim is to expand on this area and make small but significant changes to improve the New paving quality of the space. Tese are highlighted Bollard as follows: New planted tree New seating 101. 102. Relocate rear wall of Further introduce church to create a loggia. greenery into the new This will help to create a piazza. Piazza 01: Church & more usable public space Local Market Square with seating and shelter surrounding the main fountain of the high Images suggesting a piazza street. surrounding the San Nicola Church. Image of the rear of San Nicola Church before the suggested alterations Te adjacent image shows what the space could look like and how it might be used by locals. Taking a smakk amount of space from the church’s storage space creates the extra space needed to allow more activities to exist in the piazza. A change of paving Move fountain to Keep a parking space helps zone a different centralise and create width free for travelling activity and slow down space all around. businesses to park up passing traffic. and sell 103. 104. Further introduce There is an opportunity A change of paving Repainting the Introduce seating to Piazza 01: Church & greenery into the new to open the view out, helps zone a different church could encourage places to Local Market Square piazza. remove gate posts and activity and slow down reinfore its identity dwell and gather in replace concrete wall passing traffic. in the town the piazza Images suggesting a piazza with iron railing surrounding the San Nicola Church. Image of the side of San Nicola Church before the suggested alterations 105. 106. Provide Seating for the Activity from local Use paving to connect Decorative Paving can Piazza 02: Cafe, Bar & Gelateria businesses spilling out two main areas of create different zones Gelato onto the street activity. This will of activity, help slow Image of the High Street before the enhance this area and traffic and create an suggested alterations An image suggesting the strengthen then hub edge Trees provide dappled Bollard lighting enhancement of public life on the via light giving variety and demarcates a route Regina Margherita outside the Bar movement to the urban for pedestrians and Apollinaro and the Gelateria landscape increases safety 107. 108. Take advantage of Small changes to Create an entrance of Lighting is often an Small changes to the Piazza 03: Community different levels in the existing community greenery to the citrus overlooked feature. When groundwork can really Buildings & Garden town to create levels of buildings can create terraced gardens. There used correctly it can contribute to enhancing seating overlooking the more inviting spaces is great opportunity create beautiful effects the character of a space. A visual representation suggesting new Piazza. Non-fixed and a sense of openness. in this space for the on buildings, accentuate It helps to slow traffic and seating creates a more community of Gaglaito prominent parts of a delineate zones of activity. a proposed piazza surrounding the flexible space. street, delineate space and Comune di Gagliato and a new enhance safety. community building. Build upon the already Open up municipality established greenery in owned buildings to create Gagliato, such as citrus, places to gather, learn and fig, chestnut, oleander, dwell. olive and so on. Bollards can be used in specific places to create a safety zone for pedestrians only and ward away parking along the street. A visual representation suggesting a piazza surrounding the Comune di Gagliato. Suggestions such as renewed paving, additional lighting, establish further greenery and opening up Before image of community building and garden piazza community buildings. 109. 110. Integrate the Il Frantoio Gagliato in the Long into the urban fabric of Term the borgo Marble edge denotes steps down to lover level Renovation of the Nano Borgo & Build upon the already extending the Learning Campus established greenery in Raised planting can Entrance to Il Frantoio Gagliato, such as citrus, create shaded seating can be exposed creating fig, chestnut, oleander, spaces a new public piazza olive and so on. Image of the High Street before the suggested alterations Since the activities of the Academia di Gagliato are based in the lower part of Gagliato, a plan was elaborated with the municipality and discussed in open forums with the population to create a ‘NanoBorgo’, an organic transformation of this degraded part of town where new private homes will share space with new local economic ventures, infrastructures and services to meet the demands of its expanding role as ‘Town of the NanoSciences’. Once completed, Il Frantoio will facilitate lectures and creative activties in Gagliato as part of NanoPicola and other festivals or events. In the long term, this building could form part of the town’s Learning Campus discussed on page 70. 111. 112. 5.Reflective Recommendations Te following chapter will outline recommendations for the municipality of Gagliato. Tese will be focused on the implementation of the short, medium and long term ideas. One of the residents of Gagliato on her balcony overlooking the NanoBorgo 113. 114. Recommendations for Gagliato A reflective conclusion NanoGagliato First Initiative Building on the Resident’s Ideas the Comune di Gagliato, yet they are Model for Marginalised External organisations involved with Te NUATI1 workshop provided an ill defined and disrupted by traffic. Te Communities improving Gagliato began with a small initial insight into the town’s needs proposals detailed aim to improve these Te methods implemented through group of nanoscientists meeting socially through organised seminars and lectures piazzas through slowing the traffic and the NUATI1 workshop, the follow-up for a conference. Tis meeting became and conversations with locals. Tis was creating defined spaces with carefully investigations and proposals can be NanoGagliato the annual nanoscience followed up by a second visit; the existing selected lighting, greenery, bollards and considered a framework for improving conference. Te annual influx of people urban fabric was studied and documented paving choices. All the proposed ideas similar marginalised communities. Te to the town brought improvements and a second meeting with the residents build on moments observed in Gagliato outcomes of investigations into towns through providing custom for the existing was held to feedback ideas and gain a and implement them across Gagliato. and villages in similar situations may not business. As the festival grew in size its deeper understanding of the place and result in the same recommendations, but connection to the town and the residents it’s needs. Trough the investigation, the Providing a New Platform for the strategies and means of investigation of Gagliato strengthened. enormous pride the residents held for Businesses are adaptable to each community and can Gagliato became increasingly clear as we Building on the success of NanoGagliato, be replicated. NUATI1 - NanoGagliato grew familiar with the town which then renovating the urban fabric of the town expanding informed the basis of the proposals. will further facilitate the opening of new Purposes of the Document NanoGagliato has spawned many businesses. Improving public spaces for As well as a framework for investigating projects, NanoPiccola was the first, Building On What is Already the residents will enhance the identity the means of improving marginalised providing science workshops for the There of Gagliato, which will aid in attracting communities, this document has a children of Gagliato. Wanting to help Te ideas generated in the workshop and more visitors and increase economic number of uses specific to Gagliato. It can the town further Paola Ferrari, founder meetings with residents highlighted what activity. NanoGagliato wants to facilitate be used as a basis for acquiring funding, of NanoGagliato, teamed up with Giulio the town has to offer, these proposals the continued improvement of Gagliato as it outlines ideas and proposals across Verdini, who worked on the Creative build on what is already in Gagliato and without the town depending entirely the town. It can be used to assist in Small Settlements report for UNESCO, loved by the residents. Gagliato already on the festival, these proposals will illustrating ideas and potential projects. to create NUATI1. Tis initiative has an extensive variety of greenery to assist in facilitating it’s economic and Or it can be used as a reference point for allowed an interdisciplinary team of utilise; the proposals expand the amount educational diversification, and reverse generating further ideas and proposals in staff and students from across the UK of trees and greenery in the town and use the depopulation. and around Gagliato. Te document can and internationally to analyse the town it to strengthen the existing identities of be considered a framework for Gagliato’s and propose methods for sustainable the riones. Public spaces in the town are future growth. regeneration. actively used by the residents; outside the bar, the fountain by the church and 115. 116. Bibliography6. • Bibliography • Image References Te following chapter lists the references and images which have been used throughout the research and development stages. 117. 118. 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