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Research of the NICTBB in Tanzania

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Research of the NICTBB in Tanzania Tanzania Country Level Knowledge Network Exploiting the Potentials of the National Information and Communication Technology Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) in Tanzania. A Study Report By Eng. August B. Kowero July 2012 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to thank all the friendly and cooperative assistance I received from ESRF, Tanzania Online (TO) and Tanzania Knowledge Network (TAKNET) M/s Margareth Nzuki; and Tanzania Global Learning Agency (TaGLa), Clknet Project staff supported by African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF), my long time colleagues Mr Masegese Kamulika; Mr Jeremiah Mchomvu and others for their assistance in the preparation of this research document. Special gratitude and sincere thanks are due to Hon. Minister for Education and Vocational Education Dr J. S. Kawambwa (MP) for his attention, constructive criticism and encouragement. My thanks should also go to the higher authorities from the Ministry of Communication Science and Technology (MCST) for their guidance and cooperation. Lastly, I would also like to thank all my friends from TCRA, NIDA, RITA TRA, TIC, both fixed and mobile operators, for their unwavering support to make sure I get all the information needed within their reach. www.clknet.or.tz ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research paper was carried out between June-July 2012 by CLKnet with support of African Capacity Building and the government of the United Republic of Tanzania through the Tanzania Global Learning Agency (TGLA) aimed at the findings out reasons for the underutilization of the NICTBB. The Government of Tanzania spend over 250 billion in investment of this national fiber optic; however, despite of the effort done by the government of Tanzania still the NICTBB is not being fully utilized to its full potential. The backbone is currently operating at less than 10% of its installed capacity and even lower at its design capacity. The study was conducted mainly at three groups, 36 respondents from general consumers (ordinary user and big users), 5 respondents from government officials and the remaining 9 respondents were from service providers (operators) making a total of 50 respondents. Based on the comprehensive field study, the researcher framed major observations, findings, list out the major gaps, developed outlines to address the major challenges facing NICTBB in leading to underutilization. Due to uncertain political decisions environments, operators are likely to favor investments in scalable wireless networks instead of fiber-optic networks (which have high fixed, sunk costs) or at their own infrastructure. This uncertainty limits the extent to which operators are willing to invest in high-capacity infrastructure that could then be used to consolidate traffic and reduce average costs. These risks can be reduced by building confidence in the regulatory www.clknet.or.tz iii process and mitigated by using instruments such as partial risk guarantees by sharing backbone network infrastructure, builders of backbone networks can reduce costs and so make such investments more commercially viable. There is a need for the government to regulate the connectivity prices through TCRA, to make it affordable to the large number of users. The government should make provisions of providing free access to education and research institutions; there is a need to come up with a framework on the utilization of the National ICT policy which will act as template guidance to the stakeholders to use NICTBB. Stakeholders should keep on stirring the agenda in NICTBB in order to make it louder voices and create impact using awareness in the society leading to reduce digital divide. The ministries like MOFEA, MOEVT should join forces in the knowledge generation and sharing agenda as it is the key stakeholder when it comes to the production of the intellectual nation. The Government should establish an independent Agency to manage, administer and operate the National ICT Backbone instead of running it under TTCL, The NICTBB should operate under Open Access Framework to enable many potential users countrywide to take advantage of the infrastructure. There was general outcry that the NICTBB should be managed by impartial transparent stakeholders when doing key decisions but not on daily operations, maybe the ICT Commission to be in operation soon which was long overdue, www.clknet.or.tz iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... ix CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Overview of Tanzania ................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................... 6 1.4 Objective of the study ................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Rationale for the NICTBB Project .............................................................................. 8 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................ 11 LITERATURE REVIEWS ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 11 2.2 ICT Overview in Tanzania ....................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Legal and Regulation of the Communications Sector ....................................... 12 2.2.2 Facilitation of National Economic Development .............................................. 13 2.2.3 To Fulfill the Increasing Demands to Information Services .............................. 14 2.2.4 Necessity to Develop the High Speed Broadband Transmission ...................... 14 2.2.5 To efficiently exploit the benefits from the Submarine Cable Projects ............. 15 www.clknet.or.tz v 2.3 Infrastructure Fiber-optic cables ............................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Backbone networks in India .............................................................................. 17 2.3.2 Backbone networks Japan .................................................................................. 17 2.3.4 Backbone networks Kenya ................................................................................ 17 2.4.1 The Economic Impact of Backbone Networks .................................................. 18 2.4.2 Policies to Improve the Development of Backbone Networks .......................... 18 2.4 3 Create an Enabling Environment for Competition in Infrastructure and Services .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.5 Building of the National ICT Infrastructure in Tanzania ......................................... 20 2.5.1 MODEL of Building NICTBB in Tanzania ...................................................... 23 2.5.2 Characteristics of NICTBB in Tanzania ............................................................ 24 2.5.3 Best practise of the Tanzania model .................................................................. 24 2.5.4 Advantages of NICTBB in Tanzania ................................................................. 25 CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................ 27 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 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Bookmark not defined. 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 27 3.2 General Study Methodology ..................................................................................... 27 3.3 Client Participation ................................................................................................... 29 3.4 Specific Study Methodology .................................................................................... 29 3.5 Selected Areas and Persons to be interviewed. ......................................................... 30 3.5.1 Population of the Study ...................................................................................... 30 3.4 The Sample Size and Sampling Strategy .................................................................. 30 3.4.1 The Sample ........................................................................................................ 30 www.clknet.or.tz vi 3.4.2 Sampling Techniques ......................................................................................... 31 3.4.2.1 Purposive Sampling Technique ..................................................................... 31 3.4.2.2 Random Sampling .........................................................................................
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