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MINERAL DEPOSITS of the FORT APACHE INDIAN RESERVATION, ARIZONA

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MINERAL DEPOSITS of the FORT APACHE INDIAN RESERVATION, ARIZONA MINERAL DEPOSITS of the FORT APACHE INDIAN RESERVATION, ARIZONA by Richard T. Moore, Geologist Price $1.25 (Free to Residents of Arizona) THE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES Bulletin 177 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA TUCSON TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Page INTRODUCTION 1 General Statement 1 This report by Dr. Richard T. Moore, Geologist, Arizona Bureau Scope of Report . ........................................... 1 of Mines, presents the finding of a survey made by the Arizona Bureau Previous Studies 1 of Mines, University of Arizona, for the United States Department of Acknowledgments . .................... .. .......... ........ 2 the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Physical Features 2 Location and Extent ........................................ 2 The basic pnrpose and essential scope of the work were those of History of Establishment .................................... 2 conducting a geological survey of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation Topography and Physiography. ............................... 4 of Arizona to ascertain what potentially valuable metallic and non­ Climate and Vegetation. .... ... .. ..... .. .. ............... .. 8 metallic (industrial) mineral and rock deposits occur within the boun­ Markets, Transportation, and Power Facilities 9 General Geology 11 daries of the Reservation. Rock Units :........................................... 11 Permission to publish the findings as a technical bulletin of the Structure 11 Arizona Bnreau of Mines kindly has been granted by the United States Development ..................... 11 Folds 14 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. Faults. .... .. ....................... .. ........ .. ...... 14 Mineral Commodities 14 J. D. Forrester, Director General Statement '. .. 14 Arizona Burean of Mines Metalliferous Varieties. .................................... 17 N onmetalliferous Varieties .. ........................ .. .. 17 University of Arizona, Tucson Mineral Fuels 18 September, 1967 AREAL DESCRIPTIONS 19 Canyon Creek-Salt River Canyon Area 19 Location and Topography ................ .. 19 Rock Units 19 Older Precambrian 19 Greenstone and metadiorite 22 Granite . 22 Younger Precambrian 22 Pioneer Shale 22 Dripping Spring Quartzite 23 Mescal Limestone 23 Troy Quartzite ,......... 24 Diabase.......................................... 25 Cenozoic 25 Structure ,............... 26 Faulting 26 Folding 27 Metalliferous Mineral Deposits 27 Iron 27 Location and extent 27 History 27 Geology 28 Apache deposit 29 Chediski deposit 31 ii iii Page Page Alluvium 60 Oak Creek deposit 33 Structure 60 Split Rock deposit 34 Faulting 60 Rock Canyon deposit 35 Folding.............................................. 61 Marley-Grasshopper deposit 35 Metalliferous Mineral Deposits 61 Cow Creek deposit ··· 35 Manganese '. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 61 Ore reserves 36 Copper 61 Manganese 36 Gold 62 Location and extent 36 Nonmetalliferous Mineral Deposits 63 History 36 Gypsum 63 Geology 36 Location and extent 63 Apache Manganese deposit 36 History 63 Accord Manganese deposit 39 Geology 63 Exploitation 39 Upper gypsum zone 64 Uranium............................................. 39 Lower zone 66 Gold and silver ,..... 41 Exploitation 67 Copper and cobalt 42 Limestone 67 Zinc -42 Cedar Mesa deposit '. ....................... 67 Nonmetalliferous Mineral Deposits 42 West Faught Ridge deposit 68 Asbestos '.......... 42 East Faught Ridge deposit 68 Location and extent 42 Horse Mesa region 69 History and production 42 Summary 71 Geology 43 Clay and shale 72 Enders mine 44 Special sand 73 Roadside mine ".... 46 Construction materials 75 Bluff mine 47 Clay, sand, and gravel 75 Snake Hill mine 48 Building stone 76 Stansbury mine. .. .. .. ........ .. .. .............. .. 49 Crushed rock 77 Apache mine 49 Decorative materials 77 Apache Extension mine 50 Mineral Fuels 77 Loey and Lena mine 51 Coal 77 Fiber King (Salt Bank or Riverside) mine 51 Oil and gas 78 Asbestos Explorations Co. leases 53 White Mountain-Bonito Prairie Area 79 Exploitation ,......... .. 53 Location and Topography .............................. .. 79 Salt 54 Rock Units 79 Turquoise 54 Cenozoic 79 Construction materials , .................. .. 55 Sedimentary rocks ;....... 79 Building'stone 55 Volcanic rocks 79 Sand and gravel 56 Structure 80 Clay and adobe 56 Mineral Deposits 80 Carrizo Slope-Mogollon Rim Area. ............................... 56 Gold 80 Location and Topography 56 Cinders 81 Rock Units ,. ..................... .. 57 Construction materials 82 Precambrian ,................ 57 Clay, sand, and gravel 82 Basal Paleozoic 57 Building stone 82 Devonian 57 Pottery clay 82 Mississippian 57 Decorative materials 83 Pennsylvanian 58 Pennsylvanian-Permian 59 LITERATURE CITED............................................ 83 Permian 59 Coconino Sandstone 59 Kaibab Limestone 60 Cretaceous 60 Cenozoic , '.............. 60 "Rim Gravels" '........................ 60 Basalt , ........................ 60 Oli& GAS CONsrRVATION COMMiSSiON STATE OF J\RiZONA 4515 N. 7th AVE. iv V TELEPHONE: 27I.5l61 PHOlr.N1XJ ARIZONA SSO!3 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Plate Page 1. Map Showing Locations of Mineral Commodities (pocket) 2. Geologic Map of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona .. (pocket) Figure 1. Map showing location of Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Arizona.. .. 3 2. Index to U. S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangle maps. ... .. 5 3. Map showing relation of Fort Apache Indian Reservation to INTRODUCTION principal physiographic provinces 6 4. Map of physiographic sub-provinces 7 5. Major highways and railheads in vicinity of Reservation 10 GENERAL STATEMENT 6. Reservation road-net 12 7. Map showing extent of areas described separately 20 Scope of Report 8. Apache and Cow Creek iron deposits 30 9. Chediski iron deposit 32 The study upon which this report is based was begun in September, 10. Oak Creek iron deposit 33 1965, and was undertaken by the Arizona Bureau of Mines to fulfill the 11. Split Rock and Rock Canyon iron deposits 34 conditions of a contract entered into by the Arizona Board of Regents 12. Apache and Accord manganese mines 37 13. Turquoise mine 40 with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, U. S. Department of the Interior. 14. Stratigraphic position of gypsum in Supai Formation 64 Under the terms of the contract, the Arizona Bureau of Mines has 15. Selected stratigraphic section of zone 1 gypsum in upper block 65 made an extensive examination of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation 16. Cedar Mesa limestone deposit 68 17. West Faught Ridge limestone deposit 69 with regard to the distribution, geologic occurrence, character, probable 18. Flying V Canyon and Horse Mesa limestone deposits 71 extent, aud potential economic importance of the various mineral sub­ stances that have been found on the Reservation. Although an attempt has been made to estimate the relative importance of the several mineral substances discussed aud suggestions are offered for further exploration and development, no attempt has been made to assigu tonnage or dollar LIST OF TABLES values to any of the deposits. Table Page 1. Precipitation data for selected stations 9 Previous Studies 2. Temperatures for selected stations 9 Reconnaissauce geologic studies were made of the area now occupied 3. Rail distance to various market areas 11 4. Corelation of rock units on Fort Apache Indian Reservation.. .... .. 15 by the Fort Apache Indian Reservation during several of the early geo­ 5. Sequence of geologic events in Arizona 16 graphic explorations of the region. Endlich (1878) * described the geology 6. Analyses of Apache iron deposit 31 of the White River district in the Hayden Report, and Gilbert (1875) 7. Chemical quality and discharge data for Salt Banks.. .... ........ .. 54 8. Location of limestone samples 70 and Marvine (1875) reported superficially on parts of the Fort Apache 9. Chemical analyses of some limestone samples 70 region in the Wheeler Reports. The first comprehensive report on the 10. Partial 'analyses of some limestone samples 70 geology and natural resources of the Fort Apache region, however, was 11. Location of clay deposits 72 12. Results of burning clay made into bricks 73 that prepared by Reagan (1903). 13. Location of special sand deposits 73 In more recent years, numerous papers have been published on 14. Per cent ash in selected coal samples 78 many specialized aspects of the geology aud mineral resources of the Fort 15. Spectroscopic analyses of coal ash 78 Apache Indian Reservation. Some of the m0re comprehensive articles include the stratigraphic studies of Huddle and Dobrovolny (1945, 1952), Shride (1961), and Winters (1963); the asbestos studies of Stewart (1955, 1956) aud Wilsou (1928); aud the work on the Apache Iron deposits by Burchard (1930), Harrer (1964), and Stewart (1947). *See list of literature cited, page 83. vi 1 An extensive bibliography of the literature concerning the geology 114 0 112° and mineral resources of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation is contained 1 in the section titled LITERATURE CITED. -----7- \ Acknowledgments During the course of this investigation, all members of the Arizona 3601 1 '.. I I""" r- Grondconyonry) I I I Bureau of Mines staff have contributed their efforts, both ip the field and \M 0 f.l ~IJ 10, J in the laboratory, toward making this report as complete as possible. , C 0 C 0 Mr. Robert E. Robinson, Superintendent of the Fort Apache Indian ) ,k Reservation, was most cooperative during the study and gave generously ~\ . of his time and the facilities of his office. Mrs. Eileen Rolfe
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