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Neutralizaion Modes Neutralization Modes of Acids Neutralization Modes of Acids The number of replaceable hydrogens in the formula of an inorganic acid is called Basicity. Basicity is also known as Proticity. Recall Acids with one replaceable hydrogen are called Monoprotic or Monobasic acids. They have one neutralization mode with a monacidic base. Neutralization reaction is the Acids with two replaceable hydrogens are called Diprotic or Dibasic acids. They have two neutralization modes with a monacidic base. reaction between an acid and a Acids with three replaceable hydrogens are called Triprotic or Tribasic acids. They have three neutralization mode with a monacidic base. base to form salt and water. The number of hydroxide groups in the formula of an inorganic base is called Acidity (Exception Phosphorous acid; it has three hydrogens in the formula but only two are replaceable; therefore, it has a basicity or proticity of 2) Bases with one replaceable hydroxide are called Monoacidic base. They have one neutralization mode with a monobasic acid. Bases with two replaceable hydroxides are called Diacidic base. They have two neutralization modes with a monobasic acid . Bases with three replaceable hydroxides are called Triacidic base. They have three neutralization modes with a monobasic acid. Organic acids are called Carboxylic acids as the COOH group is carboxylic group Answers If the acid has one COOH it is called a monocarboxylic acid; They have one neutralization mode with a monacidic base. KOH – Monoacidic base; Acidity = 1 If the acid has two COOH groups, it is called a dicarboxylic acid; They have one neutralization mode with a monacidic base. Mg(OH)2 – Diacidic base; Acidity = 2 If the acid has three COOH groups, it is called a tricarboxylic acid; They have three neutralization modes with a monacidic base. Al(OH)3 – Triacidic base; Acidity = 3 HBr – Monoprotic or Monobasic acid; Basicity = 1 Q1. Name the following based on acidity, basicity, and carboxylic acid group H2SO4 – Diprotic or Dibasic acid; Basicity = 2 KOH Formic acid H3PO4 – Triprotic or Tribasic acid; Basicity = 3 Mg(OH) Oxalic acid 2 H3PO3 – Diprotic or Dibasic acid; Basicity = 2 Al(OH)3 Citric acid Formic acid– HCOOH; Monocarboxylic acid; Basicity = 1 Oxalic acid COOH Dicarboxylic acid; Basicity = 2 HBr COOH H2SO4 H3PO4 Citric acid Tricarboxylic acid; Basicity = 3 H3PO3 • Q2. With neat equations and correct heading and labeling, illustrate the neutralization modes for the following acid-base reactions: (1) Sodium hydroxide neutralizing hydrochloric acid (2) Sodium hydroxide neutralizing sulfuric acid (3) Sodium hydroxide neutralizing phosphoric acid Case 1: Monoacidic base with a monobasic acid NaOH with HCl There is only one mode of neutralization for a monoacidic base with monobasic (or monoprotic) acid NaOH + HCl → NaCl + HOH Sodium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid Sodium chloride Water 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole Case 2: Monoacidic base with a dibasic acid NaOH with H2SO4 There are two modes of neutralization for a monoacidic base with dibasic (or diprotic) acid. (a) 1: 1 Mode NaOH H Na + SO → SO + HOH H 4 H 4 Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid Sodium hydrogen sulfate Water or Sodium bisulfate (Base) (Acid) (Salt) 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole Case 2: Monoacidic base with a dibasic acid NaOH with H2SO4 (b) 2: 1 Mode NaOH H Na SO 2HOH SO4 Na 4 + NaOH H Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid Sodium sulfate Water (Base) (Acid) (Salt) 2 moles 1 mole 1 mole 2 moles Case 3: Monoacidic base with a tribasic acid NaOH with H3PO4 There are three modes of neutralization for a monoacidic base with a tribasic (or triprotic) acid. (a) 1: 1 Mode NaOH H Na H H PO → PO + HOH H 4 H 4 Sodium hydroxide Phosphoric acid Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Water (Base) (Acid) (Salt) 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole Case 3: Monoacidic base with a tribasic acid NaOH with H3PO4 (b) 2: 1 Mode NaOH H Na NaOH Na H PO4 → PO4 + 2 HOH H H Sodium hydroxide Phosphoric acid Disodium hydrogen phosphate Water (Base) (Acid) (Salt) 2 moles 1 mole 1 mole 2 moles Case 3: Monoacidic base with a tribasic acid NaOH with H3PO4 (c) 3: 1 Mode NaOH H Na NaOH Na H PO4 → PO4 + 3 HOH NaOH H Na Sodium hydroxide Phosphoric acid Sodium phosphate Water (Base) (Acid) (Salt) 3 moles 1 mole 1 mole 3 moles.
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