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The Seal River Canadian Heritage Rivers System À Practicum

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The Seal River Canadian Heritage Rivers System À Practicum The Seal River Canadian Heritage Rivers System Background Study By Graham Dodds À Practicum Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree, Master of Natural Resources Management Natural Resources lnstitute The University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada January , 1987 dfh.-\. BÈó â Permj-ssion has been granted L'autorisation a êté accordée to the National Library of à la Bibliothèque nationale Canada to microfilm this du Canada de microfilmer thesis and to lend or sel1 cett.e thèse et de prêter ou copies of the film. de vendre des exemplaires du f iIm. The author (copyright owner) L'auteur (titulaire du droit has reserved other d'auteur) se rêserve Ies publication rights, and autres droits de publicaÈion; neither the ttresis nor ni la thèse ni de longs extensi-ve extracts f rom it extraits de cel1e-ci ne may be printed or otherwise doivent être imprimês ou reproduced without tris/her autrement reproduits sans son written permission. autorisation écrite. r sBN 0-31-5-3 7 L29-3 THE SEAL RIVER CAMDIAN HERITACE RIVERS SYSTEM BACKCROUND STUDY by Craham Dodds A practicurn submitted to the Faculty of Craduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Natural Resources Management. @ 1987 Permission has been granted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA to lend or setl copies of this practicum, to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to microfilm this practicum and to lend or sell copies of the film, and UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this practicum. The author reserves other publication ríghts, and neither the practicum nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. ACKNCÞJLEDGE¡MTIS T\,rro people have been involved in this study from tÏ¡e @in- ning, and I thank them for their contributions as menrbers of the study team. In ¡nrticular, I thank l"lr. Vlillard Àndersør of I'bnitoba Parks, r*ro was involved in all aspects of this study, including plaru:ing, field investigations, revisions and report production. I thank him for all his help and kindness which kept me going from start to finish. I extend thanks to lvfr. bn Forrester of Resowce Analysis Surveys, Winni¡:eg, for his contributions as a member of the study team. Þn produced the Ecrclogicat Land Classification l-,lap and the Segrnents, Rapids and Site Description I'fap (l,4aps 3 and 4) . He also desigrned the field form, ¡nrticipated in field investigations, and contributed to and reviewed tÏ¡is report. Don invested a considerable anrpunt of his personal time, interest and roney in this study, and I greatly a¡preciate his invaluable assistance. llr. AIa¡¡ Code of Eski¡rp Point, l.Iorthwest Territories, acconpanied the study team during field investigations on the river. His boating, bush and cine¡natogra¡ñy skills were grreatty appreciated. Alan will be producing a fil¡n of the Seal River trip u*rich will be of interest to goverrurent agencies, river travellers, and anyone with an interest in tt¡e r¡crth. I also thank I'fr. Gord Jones of I'bnitoba Parks for suggesting tlre idea for this study, and for his help and sup¡nrt thror:ghout, r*ren ttre going was slovr, and especially r*ren I was under the "deadline gl.lrl. tt I tlnnk my Academic Co¡runittee, Dr. Robert ìüewbury of g1e Freshwater rnstitute, Dr. Ray Þrgland, consurtant, and I\,1r. wirtard Anderson, alt of whom irçressed uIÞn nìe the idea of the river as being an integral part of the life sr:p¡nrt systen for a huge area, and our prace in it. r Trope this study refrects this ¡:erspective. I tÏtank Dr. Rick Baydack of the lüatural Resou¡ces Institute for his assistance as Academic Mvisor. I t+ould like to thank the staff of t"lanitoba Parks Branch r+t¡o made my stay an enjolabre ex¡:erience. ¡,ls. Ar:drey Friesen tlped this report and endured a number of changes and crcnfusion. Ì"trs. Rose Green ti¡ped the f irst draft and kept ¡rE laughing. t',tr. Erich Friedre designed Maps I and 2. w. Doug l,lebber of Qrnond Lake Air services Ltd., (trurchill, provided excellent flying dwing the field studies. I gratefully acknotrledge the financial and teclurical con- tributions of the lr4anitoba hrks Branch, Ërvironment Canada - Parks, and the lhtwal Resources Institute. Finalty, I thank my parents for their sup¡nrt. l1 ABSTRAET The SeaI River, a rerÞte, wild river located in the sub- arctic transitional forest of northern l"bnitoba, was studied to determine its suitabifity of the river to be designated as a Canadian Heritage River. Ttre natural, human and recreationat resources of the river were identified and assessed against the criteria of the Canadian Fleritage River Slzstem, a system which gives recognition to the grreat rivers of Canada. The Seal River was found to be sigrnificant for its natural and hunran (prehistoric) resoLrrces. Fla¿ever, the river likely tras limited recreational ¡ntential as a high-use waterway because of rerroteness and overall difficulty of the river. The Seal River did rreet the requirements of a Canadian Heritage River, and was therefore recomnended for nomination to the system. lII TABLE OF COòilBTTS PAGE AB TRAgI 111 I. O INTROIT.JSfIOilI I 1.1 R:r¡nse of the Study . 3 L.2 Õjectives 3 1.3 l"bthods 4 2.O GENERAL O\ERVIET.J OF TÌ{E STUDY AREA 10 2.L ltatural Resources L2 2.2 Ffu¡nan Resources 2L 2.3 Recreational Resources . 23 3.0 IDENI IF ICATIOì{, DESCzu PTIOI{ AT{D ASSESSEò'IENI OF HR.ITAGE RESOURCES 26 3.I Segment Descriptions . 26 3.2 Site Descriptions 29 3.3 libtural Resource Va1ues 5r 3.4 tfuinan Resource Values 60 3.5 Recreational Resource Values . æ 3.5.I Other Recreation Activities 66 3.5.2 Travel Considerations . 7L 4.O RESO{JRCE E\N,LUATIOòT 77 4.L lihtural thritage Values 77 4.2 lfuman tferitage Values 7B 4.3 Recreational Resource Values 80 4.4 Assessrent of River Integrity 8I 4.5 Assessment of I'tanagement Suitability 4 lv PAGE 5. 0 CONICLUSIOI{S Al'lD RECO¡,IVIB{DATIOb]S B9 90 5.2 Reguirements for Further Research 93 BIBLIOGRAPTry 95 APPB{DICES LIST OF MAPS MAP NUI'ßER PAæ 1 Regional Context 2 2 Study Area . 1I 3 Ecological Land Classification . I6 4 Segments, Rapids and Site Descriptions . 3I LIS'I OF PFIOTOGRAPHS PTIOIÐGRAPH NUI\4BER PAC,E I R:bber Rafting near Stretlranei la.ke 9 2 Great Island Gorge (Site 15) 9 3 F,sker (site 8) 9 4 Rapids (Segnent a) 9 5 Great Island Gorge Rock Forrnation (Site f5) 25 6 Esker at Great Island Gorge (Site 15) 25 7 In Situ Rernains frorn a prehistoric Tbol Making Sire (site ¡). 25 B Canoe Party at West Great Isla¡rd (Site 14) 25 9 Tern Ctrick (Segnent 5) 76 10 Arctic Grayling (Site fg) 76 tl Beluga Whale Fod at Estuary (Site 3I) 76 L2 Harbour Seat (Site 15) 76 l3 I'fining Exptoration Camp (Site 19) 88 L4 î:ndra/Forest Trar¡sition (Segiment f ) 88 l5 Big Spruce River Delta (Site 11) 88 16 Peat Folygons (Segment 4). 88 Ftont Cover Esker (Sire B) Back Cover Bedrock Proncntory (Site 16) v1 1 . O ITTTROTXJCTIOùI Ttre Seal River occupies the fourth largest drainage division in l4anitcba, and is one of the ¡rpst rerrcte and wild rivers in Lhe province. It @ins its cr¡wse in northern l'{anitoba at Strethanei I¡.ke, approxirnately 1,0O0 kilometers north of Winni¡:eg and 230 kilo- ¡eters west of *rurchill (Uap f ). FTon Shethanei Lake, the SeaI flor¡¡s eastward for 160 kilometers through forest and tundra, and empties into Hudson Bay. Because of its ren¡cte location and difficulty of access (air and winter road only), the area tras received little use and today remains in a wild state. Ttre region through which the Seal flows is recognized as a state of transition between the boreal forest and the arctic tundra. This region is characterized by a mix of sparse spruce forest and open tundra. It is this state of transition between the tr.¡o distinct life zones wtrich gives the SeaI River its unique character. Parks Canada (Lg72) has named the natwal region through which the river flows as the lücrthwestern Boreal lþlands Region, which extends from Hudson Bay in Manitoba into the ìIorthwest Tbrritories. Portions of tJ.e Co¡permine, 'ftrelon, Kazan a¡rd Drbawnt Rivers are found in this region in the ì{orthwest Territories. In l*bnitoba, t}re other major rivers in this region are the Tlrlewiaza and the Caribou, both of tJtrich are crcnsiderably srnaller than the Seal. There were several reasons for chæsing to study the SeaI River. The SeaI is recrcArnized as one of the last great wild rivers in I'fanitoba. Other crcnçnrable rivers, the Nelson and the Grurchill, have been developed for production of hydro-electric po$Jer. rn consequence, they have been ¡:errnanently altered fronr their natural state. In 1983 the lt4anitoba Parks Branch identified the SeaI River as a pro¡nsed Provincial Recreation Waterway, thus identifying long-range recreational interest in the river. I\úcreover, t]1e SeaI River vùas g¡$iv_e¡. REGIONAL CONTEXT MAP 1 3 selected because. its watershed is cpntained alnpst cornpletely within the }tcrthwest Borear þlands Region, thus its resources rârere con- sidered to be representative of this region. The Seal River exists as a viable and integral ¡nrt of the Iife support system for a trerendous area of rprthern t'tanitoba.
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