PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015
TENTANG
PERUBAHAN ATAS PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 TENTANG JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA
DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA
MENTERI PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
Menimbang : a. bahwa dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 telah ditetapkan Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina; b. bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis risiko dan pemantauan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan terdapat perubahan status jenis organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina; c. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a dan huruf b, perlu menetapkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/ OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina;
Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 1992 tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1992 Nomor 56, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3482); 2. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (Persetujuan Pembentukan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia) (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1994 Nomor 57, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3564); 3. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2002 tentang Karantina Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2002 Nomor 35, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4196); 4. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 1977 tentang Pengesahan International Plant Protection Convention (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1977 Nomor 8) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Pengesahan Revised Text of the International Plant Protection Convention (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1990 Nomor 69); 5. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 121/P Tahun 2014 tentang Pembentukan Kementerian dan Pengangkatan Menteri Kabinet Kerja Periode Tahun 2014-2019; 6. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 7 Tahun 2015 tentang Organisasi Kementerian Negara (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 8); 7. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 2015 tentang Kementerian Pertanian (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 85); 8. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 22/Permentan/ OT.140/4/2008 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Karantina Pertanian; 9. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 94/Permentan/ OT.140/12/2011 tentang Tempat Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran Media Pembawa Penyakit Hewan Karantina dan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Tahun 2011 Nomor 7) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 44/ Permentan/OT.140/3/2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 94/Permentan/ OT.140/12/2011 tentang Tempat Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran Media Pembawa Penyakit Hewan Karantina dan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Tahun 2014 Nomor 618); 10. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 43/Permentan/ OT.010/8/2015 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Pertanian (Berita Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 1243);
MEMUTUSKAN:
Menetapkan : PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 TENTANG JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA.
Pasal I
Beberapa ketentuan dalam Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 (Berita Negara Nomor 6 Tahun 2012) tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina diubah sebagai berikut:
1. Diantara Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal, yakni Pasal 2A sehingga berbunyi sebagai berikut:
Pasal 2A
Media pembawa yang terinfestasi Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina golongan II berupa kelompok virus, bakteri, cendawan, nematoda, dan/atau molusca tidak dapat diberikan perlakuan, jika: a. berdasarkan pertimbangan teknis tidak dapat dilakukan; dan/atau b. membahayakan kesehatan manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan.
2
2. Ketentuan Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina diubah sebagaimana tercantum dalam Lampiran yang merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan Menteri ini.
3. Ketentuan lain dalam Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina dinyatakan masih tetap berlaku.
Pasal II
Peraturan Menteri ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal diundangkan. Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Peraturan Menteri ini dengan penempatannya dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia.
Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 23 September 2015 MENTERI PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
ttd.
AMRAN SULAIMAN Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 28 September 2015 MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
ttd.
YASONNA H. LAOLY BERITA NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015 NOMOR 1432
3 LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA Nomor : 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015 Tanggal : 23 September 2015
JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA
A. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA (KATEGORI A1) I. SERANGGA (INSECTS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA MEDIA UMUM/ GOLONGAN INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ / GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Acraea acerata Hew.; II Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea daun, batang Africa:Angola, Benin, Botswana, Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae; aquatica, Ipomoea triloba, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, DR sweet potato butterfly Merremiae bracteata, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Merremia pacifica,Merremia Kenya, Ivory Coast, Liberia, peltata, Merremia umbellata, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, sweet potato) Tanzania, Togo. Uganda, Zambia 2. Ac rocinus longimanus II Artocarpus, Artocarpus batang, America: Barbados, Honduras, Linnaeus; Coleoptera: integra, Moraceae, cabang, Guyana, Trinidad,Costa Rica, Cerambycidae; Herlequin Broussonetia kazinoki, Ficus ranting Mexico, Brazil beetle, jack-tree borer elastica 3. Aetherastis circulataMeyrick; II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, batang, daun, Asia: India Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae; rubber tree) bibit bark feeding caterpillar 4. Agrilus mali Matsumura; II Malus domestica (apel, apple) tunas, batang, Asia: China, Korea DPR (North Coleoptera: Buprestidae; bibit, rhizome Korea), Republic of Korea (South apple borer, apple buprestid Korea) Europe: Russia 5. Agrilus II Fraxinus americana, F. batang, kayu America: USA, Canada planipennisFairmaire;Coleopt mandshurica, F. nigra, Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR era: Buprestidae;Emerald F. chinensis, F. pensylvania, (North Korea), Republic of Korea Ash Borer Juglans mandshurica F. (South Korea), Taiwan japonica, F. Europe: Russia, Russian far east) lanuginosa,Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Ulmus davidiana,Ulmus propinqua 6. Alcidodes dentipes(Olivier); II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang, bibit Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, (=Alcides dentipes Olivier); sweet potato) Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Gambia, striped sweet potato weevil cotton), Arachys hypogaea Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, (kacang tanah, peanut), Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, common bean)Vigna spp. Malawi, Nigeria, Sahara, Senegal, (buncis, cowpea) Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 7. Alsophila pometaria(Harris) II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, daun, America: Canada, USA (=Anisopterix pometaria Pelargonium, Ulmus sp. (elm), bunga, buah =Anisopteryx pometaria); Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Lepidoptera: Geometridae; other stone fruit, Oak, Rose, fall cankerworm Walnut 8. Amblypelta cocophaga China; II Carica papaya (pepaya, tunas, batang, Asia: Singapore, India, Philippines, (=Amblypelta cocophaga pawpaw, papaya), Ceiba daun, bunga, Malaysia cocophaga petandra (kapuk randu, buah Oceania: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, =A.cocophagamalaitensis kapok), Cocos nucifera Solomon Islands =Dasynus sp.); Hemiptera: (kelapa, coconut), Eucalyptus Coreidae; coconut bug deglupta, Mangifera indica
5 (mangga, mango), Cucumis melo (melon), Citrus sinensis (navel orange) Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion fruit, granadilla), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (kecipir, winged bean), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Delonix regia (flamboyant), Macaranga spp. 9. Anastrepha II Annona cherimola buah, media America: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, fraterculus(Wiedemann); (cherimoya), Psidium guajava tanam, tanah Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, (=Acrotoxa fraterculus (jambu biji, guava) Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, =Anastrepha braziliensis Annona spp, Actinidia Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, =Anastrepha costarukmanii chinensis (Chinese Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, =Anastrepha fraterculus var. gooseberry), Actinidia Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, soluta =Anastrepha deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit), USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. lambayecae =Anastrepha Ampelocera hottlei,Annona pseudofraterculus muricata (soursop), Annona =Anastrepha scholae squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus Averrhoa carambola fraterculus =Tephritis mellea (belimbing, carambola, star- =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta fruit), Campomanesia unicolor =Anastrepha xanthocarpa, Chrysophyllum peruviana=A.soluta); Diptera: gonocarpum, Citrus Tephritidae; South American spp.(jeruk, orange), Eriobotrya fruitfly japonica (loquat), Eugina
6 dombeyi (brazil cherry), Euginia uniflora (Surinam cherry), Eugenia spp., Feijoa sellowiana (horn of plenty), Fortunella japonica (round kumquat) Prunus spp., Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava), Spondias tuberosa, Syzygium jambos (rose apple), Syzygium spp., Ziziphus joazeiro, Carica papaya, (pepaya, papaya, papaw), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limetta (sweet lemon), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange),Coffea Arabica (kopi arabika, Arabica coffee), Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee tree),Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Diospyros malabarica, Euginia stipitata, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Fortunella japonica (kumquat), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Inga edulis, Inga marginata, Juglans australis, Juglans neotropica (Andean walnut), Juglans regia
7 (walnut), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Malus sp., Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus dulcis (almond), Psidium longipes, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Pouteria obovata, Rubus glaucus, Solanum quitoense, Spondias dulcis (otaheite apple), Spondias mobin (hog plum), Spondias purpurea (red mombin), Spondias cytherea, Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Malus domestica(apel, apple), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Zuelania Guidonia 10. Anastrepha ludens(Loew); II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), buah, media America: Belize, Costa Rica, El (=Acrotoxa ludens Loew Citrus aurantium (sour tanam, tanah Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, =Anastrepha lathana Stone orange), Citrus maxima Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama =Trypeta ludens Loew); (pummelo), Citrus sinensis Diptera: Tephritidae; (navel orange), Citrus x
8 Mexican fruit fly paradisi (grapefruit), Mangifera indica(mangga, mango), Prunus persica (persik, peach) Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Annona liebmanniana, Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Annona reticulata (buah nona, srikaya, Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), bullock’s heart, custard apple), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Casimiroa edulis (white sapote), Citrus spp, Citrus aurantifolia (lime), Citrus limetta (sweet lemon tree), Citrus medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus reticulata x paradisi (tangelo), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabicacoffee), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa sellowiana, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mammea americana, Passiflora edulis (passionfruit), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah,
9 passion-fruit, granadilla), Psidium longipes, Spondias purpurea, Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Pouteria sapota, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir,pear), Sargentia greggii, Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Talisia olivaeformis 11. Anastrepha obliqua Macq; II Mangifera indica (mangga, buah, media America: Antigua and Barbuda, (=Acrotoxa obliqua mango), Anacardium tanam, tanah Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, =Anastrepha fraterculus var. occidentale (jambu mete, Belize, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, ligata =A.fraterculus var. cashew-nut), Spondias Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, mombinpraeoptans SeÃn cytherea, Spondiasmombin, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, =A. mombinpraeoptans SeÃn Spondias purpurea, Spondias Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, =Tephritis obliqua =A. spp. Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, acudisa =A. trinidadensis Anacardium occidentale, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Annona hayesii, Brosimum Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Tephritidae; West Indian alicastrum, Citrus limetta, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. fruit fly, Antillean fruit fly Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Lucia, St. Vincent and the Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Euginia jambos (jambos), Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, Euginia malaccensis Venezuela. (pomerack), Euginia nesiotica, Malpighia glabra, Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion fruit, granadilla),
10 Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus amygdalus (bitter almond), Prunus domesticum (plum), Psidium longipes, Pyrus communis (pear), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, carambola, star-fruit), Pouteria viridis, Citrus spp, Diospyros digyna (black sapote), Dovyalis hebecarpa (kitambilla), Pouteria sapota, Pouteria mammosa, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple). 12. Anastrepha II Capparis angulata, Citrus buah, media America: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, serpentinaWiedemann; spp.(jeruk, orange), tanam (tanah) Costa Rica, Ecuador, French (=Dacus serpentinus Chrysophyllum cainito, Achras Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Wiedemann =Leptoxys (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, Honduras, Mexico, Antilles serpentina Wiedemann sapodilla), Pouteria caimito, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, =Acrotoxa serpentinus Pouteria campechiana Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Wiedemann =Trypeta (canistel), Pouteria sapota USA, Venezuela serpentina Wiedemann (mammey sapote) =Urophora vittithorax Alchornea latifolia, Annona Wiedemann); Diptera: cherimola, Annona glabra, Tephritidae; sapote fruit fly, Annona spp, Bumelia sapodilla fruit fly, black fruit sebolana, Brysonima fly, dark fruit fly crassifolia, Chrysophyllum argenteum, Chrysophyllum
11 mexicanum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Citrus x paradisi, Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros ebenaster, Dovyalis hebecarpa, Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Ficus spp.(ara, fig), Lacmellea panamensis, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manilkara spp., Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Pouteria viridis, Mammea americana,Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria obovata, Pouteria sapota, Sideroxylon capiri, Sideroxylon palmeri, Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Malus domesticaPrunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Spondias spp. 13. Anastrepha suspensaLoew; II Eriobotrya japonica, (loquat), buah, media America: Bahamas, British Virgin (=Anastrepha unipuncta Sein Euginia dombeyi (brazil tanam (tanah) Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, =Anastrepha longimacula cherry), Euginia uniflora French Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Greene =Trypeta suspensa (surinam cherry), Eugenia Puerto Rico, USA, Virgin Islands Loew); Diptera: Tephritidae; spp., Psidium guajava (jambu
12 Carribean fruit fly biji, guava), Psidium cattleianum, Syzygium spp., Annona spp., Fortunella margarita, Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond) Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Annona glabra, Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- fruit), Blighia sapida (akee apple), Canella winterana, Chrysobalanus icaco, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrofortunella mitis, Citrus spp, Clausena lansium, Coccoloba uvifera, Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- pepper), Casimiroa edulis, Chrysophyllum cainito, Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Clausena lansium, Coccoloba uvifera, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros virginiana,Dovyalis caffra, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Flacourtia indica, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat),
13 Fortunella x crassifolia, Garcinia aristata, Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Garcinia livingstonei, Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malpighia glabra, Momordica balsamina, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Murraya spp. (kemuning, mock orange), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Pimenta dioica, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium longipes, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pear), Pouteria campechiana, Psidium guineense, Spondias spp., Spondias mombin, Synsepalum dulcificum. Spondias cytherea, Syzygium cumini (jamblang, java plum)), Syzygium samarangense (jambu Semarang, java apple), Terminalia catappa,
14 Terminalia muelleri, Triphasia sp., 14. Ancistroterm es latinotus II Eucalyptus tereticomis batang, kayu Africa: Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Holmgren; Isoptera: Congo Termitidae; Termit 15. Ancita crocogaster II Acacia spp. batang, kayu Oceania: Australia Boisduval; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Grey longicorne beetle 16. Ancita II Acacia spp. batang, kayu Oceania: Australia marginicollisBoisduval; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Hitechiked longicorn 17. Anobium punctatum DeGeer; II Dacrycarpus batang, Africa: all Coleoptera: dacrydioides (kahikatea), Dacr ranting, kayu, America: USA Anobiidae;Common furniture ydium cupressinum (rimu), furniture Asia: China beetle, woodworm Pinus radiata (radiata Europe: all pine), Pseudotsuga Oceania:Australia, New Zealand menziesii (Douglas fir), Thuja plicata (western red cedar) 18. Anoplophora glabripennis II Acer negundo, Aesculus batang, kayu America: USA, Canada Motschulsky; Coleptera: hippocastanum, Populus spp., Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR Cerambycidae; Asian Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix (North Korea), Korea Republic (South Longhorn beetle, starry sky spp., Salix babylonica, Salix Korea) beetle matsunada, Ulmus pumila, Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Ulmus laeuig, Poland, England, Switzerland, UK Eucalyptus diversicolor, Acer Oceania: Australia buergerianum, Acer davidii, Acer grosseri, Acer palmatum, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer
15 rubrum, Acer robustrum, Acer saccharum, Acer saccharinum, Acer truncatum, Alnus sp., Betula platyphylla, Elaegnus angustifolia, Fraxinus sp., Hippophae rhamnoides, Liriodendron tulifera, Malus sylvestris, Morus alba, Platanus orientalis, Sophora sp.,Tilia tuan, 19. Antestiopsis facetoides Le II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tunas, batang, Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Tunisia. Pelley; Hemiptera: daun, bunga, Pentatomidae; cherry and buah flower feeder 20. Antestiopsis intricataGhesq & II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tunas, batang, Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central Carayon; Hemiptera: daun, bunga, Africa, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Pentatomidae; antestia bug buah Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Uganda 21. Antestiopsis orbitalis II Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, tunas, batang, Africa: Angola, Burundi, Congo, Westwood; (=Antestia arabica coffee) daun, bunga, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, lineaticolli =A.orbitalis facetus Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) buah Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, =Antestiopsis lineaticollis =A. South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, orbitalis bechuana =A. Zambia, Zimbabwe orbitalis ghesquieri =A. orbitalis orbItalys); Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; antestia 22. Anthonomus II Gossypium barbadens bibit, bunga, Africa: Benin, South Africa grandisBoheman; (kapas, cotton), Gossypium buah America: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, (=Anthonomus thurberiae hirsutum Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Pierce (1913); Coleoptera: Hibiscus syriacus, Hampea Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Curculionidae; Mexican nutricia, Opuntia lindheimeri, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, cotton boll weevil, boll Prosopis, glandulosa, Nicaragua, Paraguay, St. Kitts &
16 weevil, cotton boll weevil, Thespesia populnea Nevis, USA, Venezuela Thurberia weevil 23. Anthonomus signatusSay; II Fragaria ananassa buah, bunga, America: Canada, USA (=Anthonomus bisignatus (strawberry), Rubus idaeus media tanam =Anthonomus pallidus Potentilla, Rubus sp. =Anthonomus scutellatus); (blackberry), Rubus caesius, Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Rubus fruticosus,Morus spp. strawberry bud weevil, (murbei, mulberry), strawberry clipper (raspberry) 24. Anthonomus vestitus II Gossypium barbadens bibit, buah, America: Ecuador, Peru Boheman; Coleoptera: (kapas, cotton) bunga, stek Curculionidae; Peruvian boll Abutilon (Indian mallow), weevil, Peruvian cotton Alcea rosea, Althaea weevil, Peruvian boll weevil, (hollyhocks), Hibiscus Peruvian square weevil, (rosemallows), Hibiscus rosa- Peruvian cotton square sinensis, Thespesia weevil 25. Aonidomytilus albus II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), tunas, batang, Africa: Angola, Cape Verde, Congo CockereII; (=Coccomytilus Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, daun Democratic Republic, Gambia, dispar=Lepidosaphes alba cassava) Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, =L.dispar, Mytilaspis albus, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, M.dispar); Hemiptera: Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Diaspididae; cassava scale, Senegal, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, white mussel scale, cassava Zambia. stem mussel scale, tapioca America: Antigua and Barbuda, scale Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana France, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Peru, St.
17 Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands Asia: Bahrain, China, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand 26. Apate monachus Fabricius; II Azadirachta indica (nimba, batang, kayu Africa: Algeria, Brazil, Cameroon, (=Apate monacha neem tree), Cajanus cajan Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, =A.carmelita =A.francisca (kacang gude, pigeon Dominican Republic, Egypt, =A.gibba =A.mendica pea),Casuarina equisetifolia, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, =A.monachus var. rufiventris Citrus sinensis, Coffea arabica Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, =A.semicostata =A.senii); (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Jamaica, Martinique, Morocco, Coleoptera: Bostrichidae; Coffea liberica, Elaeis Niger, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Sao Tome black borer, twig borer, date guineensis (kelapa sawit, & Principe, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, palm bostrichid oilpalm), Mangifera indica Uganda, Zambia (mangga, mango), Psidium Asia: Israel, Lebanon, Syria. guajava (jambu biji, guava), Europe: France, Italy, Spain Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Swietenia mahogany (mahoni, mahogany), Tamarindus indica (asam, tamarind),Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Calicotome spinosa, Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Gleditsia triacanthos, Morrus alba (murbei, mulberry), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive),
18 Robinia pseudoacacia, Styphnolobium japonicum, Syringa pekinensis, Annona cherimola,Malus domestica (apel, apple), Melia azedarach, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Tamarix gallica, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 27. Apate terebrans Pallas; II Acacia spp., Albizia lelbeck, batang, kayu Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Natal, Coleoptera: Bostricidae; A.procera, Anacadium Sahara, Tanzania, Uganda shot-hole borer, trunk borer, occidentale, Azadirachta America: Brazil girdler indica, Cedrela odorata, Citrus Asia: India Spp., Coffea arabica, Coffea robusta, Eucalyptus polycarpa, Dalbergia sissoo, Delonix regia, Khaya senegalensis, Melia azedorach, Melia composita, Psidium guajava, Tectona grandis, Terminalia ivorensis, Theobroma cacao, Triplochiton scleroxylon 28. Apriona germmari (Hope); II Artocarpus integra, Morus batang, kayu Asia: Cambodia, China, India, Coleoptera: alba, Salix tetrasperma Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Cerambycidae;Mulberry Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, longhorn beetle Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Vietnam 29. Argyrotaenia II Acer sp. (maple), Apocynum batang, daun, America: Canada, Mexico, USA velutinanaWalker; (=Eulia sp. (dogbane), Ilex decidua, buah velutinana =Tortrix Ambrosia trifida, Betula
19 velutinana); Lepidoptera: papyrifera, Chrysanthemum, Tortricidae; redbanded Persea americana (avokad, leafroller avocado), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Zinia violacea, Lobelia sp., Lonicera sp., Vaccinium sp., Quercus sp., Geranium sp., Alcea rosea, Myrica gale, Platanthera cristata, Abies balsamea, Larix spp., Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea rubens, Pinus sylvestris, Tsuga Canadensis, Malus spp., Prunus domestica, Prunus pensylvania, Prunus persica, Prunus serotina, Rosa spp., Populus tremuloides, 30. Arhopalus ferus Fabricius; II Burned or windthrown pine batang, kayu Europe: England, Russia Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; and spruce Oceania: New Zealand Burnt pine longicorn 31. Aspidiotus nerii Bouché; II Actinidia chinensis (Chinese bibit tanaman, Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde, Congo, (=Aspidiotus aloes gooseberry), Albizia julibrissin bunga, buah, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, =Aspidiotus hederae (silk tree), Citrus, Olea (olive), daun, batang Kenya,Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, =Aspidiotus limonii Oleaceae, Ananas comosus Morocco, Nigeria, Portugal, South =Aspidiotus genistae (nanas, pineapple), Asparagus Africa, Spain, Tanzania, Tunisia, =Chermes aloes =Chermes setaceus (Asparagus fern), Uganda, Zimbabwe ericae =Chermes cycadicola Asplenium nidus (bird's nest America: Argentina, Bermuda, =Diaspis bouchei =Aspidiotus fern), Ceratonia, Cocos Bolivia, Brazil, Central America,
20 bouchei =Chermes nerii nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Chile,Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, =Aspidiotus affinis Dianthus caryophyllus North America, USA,Peru, Uruguay =Aspidiotus caldesii (carnation), Diospyros Asia: China,Iran, Israel, =Aspidiotus denticulatus (malabar ebony), Hedera helix Japan,Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi =Aspidiotus villosus (ivy), Ilex aquifolium (holly), Arabia, Syria, Turkey =Aspidiotus budleiae Juniperus (junipers), Laurus Europe: Bulgaria, Bosnia and =Aspidiotus ceratoniae = nobilis (sweet bay), Magnolia, Herzegovina, Cyprus, Croatia, Aspidiotus cycadicola Mangifera indica (mangga, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, =Aspidiotus epidendri mango), Melia azedarach Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, =Aspidiotus ericae (Chinaberry), Morus Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, =Aspidiotus gnidii (mulberry tree), Musa Serbia, Slovenia, UK, Yugoslavia =Aspidiotus ilicis =Aspidiotus paradisiaca (pisang kepok, Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, myricinae =Aspidiotus ulicis plantain), Nerium (oleander), New Zealand, Norfolk Island =Aspidiotus uriesciae Orchidaceae (orchids), =Aspidiotus lentisci Pandanus (screw-pine), =Aspidiotus capparis Phoenix (date palm), Plumeria =Aspidiotus myrsinae rubra var. acutifolia (Mexican =Aspidiotus budlaei frangipani), Prunus persica =Aspidiotus atherospermae (persik, peach), Pyrus =Aspidiotus oleae communis (European pear), =Aspidiotus corynocarpi Rosa (mawar, roses), =Aspidiotus oleastin Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), =Aspidiotus offinis Vitis vinifera (anggur, =Aspidiotus sophorae grapevine) =Aspidiotus carpodeti =Aspidiotus transpareus var. simillimus =Aspidiotus vagabundus =Aspidiotus simillimus =Aspidiotus transvaalensis =Aspidiotus confusus =Aspidiotus tasmaniae =Aspidiotus
21 viresciae =Octaspidiotus atherospermae =Chermes hederae =Chermes genistae =Chermes osmanthi =Aspidiotus transpareus var. rectangulatus =Aspidiotus rectangulatus =Aspidiosus unipectinatus =Aspidiotus hederae var. urenae =Aspidiotus urenae =Octaspidiotus anthospermae =Aspidiotus hederae =Aspidiotus hederae ssp. unisexualis); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; aucuba scale; ivy scale; white scale; oleander scale 32. Augosoma II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa batang, media Africa: Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, centaurusFabricius; sawit, Oilpalm), palma tanam, sisa Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Niger, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; lainnya (other palmae) tanaman Nigeria, Senegal. stem tissues borer 33. Bactrocera caryeaeKapoor; II Aegle marmelos (maja, bael buah, media Asia: India, Sri Lanka. (=Dacus caryeae Kapoor); fruit, golden apple), Citrus tanam (tanah) Diptera: Tephritidae; Indian spp, Citrus maxima, Citrus fruit fly reticulata, Malpighia glabra,Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Pouteria sapota, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) 34. Bactrocera II Anacardium occidentale, buah, media Oceania: New Caledonia, Vanuatu curvipennis(Froggatt); Annona reticulata, Averrhoa tanam (tanah) (=Bactrocera carambola(belimbing, star-
22 curvipennis=Chaetodacus fruit), Calophyllum curvipennis =Dacus inophyllum, Capsicum curvipennis annuum(cabai besar, paprika, =Strumetacurvipennis); bell pepper), Couthovia neo- Diptera: Tephritidae; banana caledonica, Carica papaya fruit fly (pepaya, papaya, pawpaw), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Casimiroa eludis, Citrus latifolia, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Citrus x paradisi, Coffea arabica, Diospyros macrocarpa, Euginia uniflora, Eriobotrya japonica, Fragaria ananassa, Guettarda speciosa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Meremia tuberosa, Malphigia glabra, Morus alba, Ochrosia elleptica, Psidium cattleianum, Psidium friedrichstalianum, Psidium guajava(jambu biji, guava), Passiflora foetida, Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Prunus var. nectaria, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Syzygium malaccense, Thevetia peruviana, Terminalia catappa, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape), Zizyphus mauritania,
23 35. Bactrocera depressa(Shiraki); II Cucurbita moschata (waluh, buah, media Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea (=Bactrocera labu, pumpkin),Cucurbita tanam (tanah) (Paradacus)depressa maxima(waluh, labu parang, =B.depressus =Dacus pumpkin) depressus =Paradacus depressus =Zeugodacus depressus); Diptera: Tephritidae; pumpkin fruit fly 36. Bactrocera dorsalis II Aegle marmelos, Anacardium buah, media America: USA (Hendel);Diptera: occidentale (kacang mete, tanam (tanah) Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Tephritidae; oriental fruitfly cashew nut), Annona Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, reticulata (buah nona, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri srikaya, bullock's heart), Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Annona squamosa (srikaya, Arab Emirates, Vietnam. sweetsop), Areca catechu Oceania: Belau, French Polynesia, (pinang, betelnut palm), Mariana Islands, Nauru, New Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus Caledonia, Palau heterophyllus (nangka, jackfruit), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star fruit), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bellpepper), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Chrysophyllum cainito, Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Coffea arabica (arabicacoffee), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun,
24 cucumber), Dimocarpus longan (longan), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Ficus racemosa, Flacourtia indica (governor's plum), Malpighia glabra, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera foetida, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manilkara zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Mimusops elengi (spanish cherry),Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry), Musa (pisang, banana), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus mume (Japanese apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir, European pear), Spondias purpurea(red mombin), Syzygium aqueum
25 (watery rose-apple), Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium cumini, Syzygiumjambos (rose apple), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple), Syzygium samarangense, Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond), Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana 37. Bactrocera invadensDrew, II Maerua duchesnei, Mangifera buah, media Afrika: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Tsuruta & white; Diptera: indica (mangga, mango), tanam (tanah) Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Tephritidae Psidium guajava (jambu, Cape Verde, Central African guava) Republik, Chad, Congo, DR Cogo, Anacardium occidentale Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, (cashew nut), Ananas Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, comosus (nanas, pineapple), Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Annona cherimola Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, (cherimoya), Annona muricata Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, (sirsak, soursop), Annona Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, squamosa (markisa, sugar Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, apple), Averrhoa carambola Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, (belimbing, star fruit), Blighia Zambia, Zimbabwe sapida (akee apple), Capsicum Asia: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Capsicum frustescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya), Chrysophyllum albidum, Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon),
26 Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limon (jeruk lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Cordia sinensis, Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (labu parang, giant pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labu parang, ornamental gourd), Diospyros kaki (perismmon), Diospyros montana, Dracaena steudneri, Durio zibethinus (durian, durian), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Ficus sycomorus, Flacourtia indica, Fortunella japonica, Garcinia mannii, Irvingia gabonensis, Landolphia, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Musa, Musa x paradisiaca (pisang, banana), Nauclealatifolia (pin cushion tree), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Saba senegalensis, Sclerocarya
27 birrea (marula), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Sorindeia madagascariensis, Spondias dulcis (otaheite apple), Spondias mombin (hog plum), Strychnos mellodora, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium semarangense, Terminalia catappa, Vitellaria paradoxa, Ziziphus mauritania 38. Bactrocera jarvisi(Tryon); II Mangifera indica (mangga, buah, media Oceania: Australia (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus mango), Psidium guajava tanam (tanah) jarvisi=D.australis (jambu biji, guava), Terminalia =Chaetodacus jarvisi); catappa(ketapang, Indian Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji almond) fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona glabra, Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,papaya), Citrus spp (jeruk, orange), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Malus domestica
28 (apel, apple), Malpighia emarginata, Musa paradisiaca (pisang, kepok, plantain), Opuntia sp., Passiflora quadrangularis(markisa, passion-fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Planchonia careya, Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria caimito, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Spondias purpurea, Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple), Syzygium samarangense (jambu Semarang, Java apple), Terminalia arenicola 39. Bactrocera kandiensisDrew II Anacardium occidentale buah, media Asia: Sri Lanka &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. (jambu mete, cashew-nut), tanam (tanah) near dorsalis); Diptera: Annona glabra, Areca catechu Tephritidae; Sri Lankan fruit (pinang, betelnut palm), fly Artocarpus integrifolius (nangka, jackfuit), Artocarpus heterophyllus (nangka, jackfruit), Averrhoa
29 carambola(belimbing, carambola, star-fruit), Citrus maxima, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Spondias cytherea, Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya) 40. Bactrocera kinabaluDrew & II Persea americana (avokad, buah, media Asia: Malaysia Hancock; Diptera: avocado) tanam (tanah) Tephritidae; Kinabalu fruit fly 41. Bactrocera neohumeralis II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, buah, media Oceania: Australia, Papua New Hardy; (=Chaetodacus guava) tanam (tanah) Guinea. humeralis=C.tryoni var. Anacardium occidentale sarcocephali =Dacus (jambu mete, cashew), neohumeralis =Dacus tryoni Annona spp. (buah nona, var. neohumeralis); Diptera: sirsak, srikaya, annona, Tephritidae; lesser soursop, sweetsop), Annona Queensland fruit fly glabra, Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa(sugar apple),Avverhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, star fruit), Cananga odorata
30 (kenanga, cadmia), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Clausena lansium, Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung, Alexandrian laurel), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Crateva religiosa, Chrysophyllum cainito (kenitu, sawo duren, cainito), Casimiroa edulis, Cyphomandra betacea, Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia dombeyi, Eugenia uniflora,Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malpighia emarginata, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus nigra (murbei, mulberry), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Muntingia calabura
31 (kersen, talok, Jamaica cherry), Myrciaria cauliflora, Passiflora spp, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date- palm), Pouteria caimito, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rollinia mucosa, Rubus rosaefolius, Solanum laciniatum, Solanum seaforthianum, Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Synsepa lum dulcificum, Syzygium spp, Terminalia catappa, Vitis labrusca, Ziziphus jujuba. 42. Bactrocera II Anacardium occidentale, buah, media Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, passiflorae(Froggatt); Artocarpus altilis, Carica tanam (tanah) Wallis-Futuna. (=Bactrocera passiflorae papaya (pepaya, =Chaetodacus passiflorae pawpaw,papaya), Citrus =Dacus passiflorae spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus =Strumeta passiflorae); aurantifolia, Citrus reticulata, Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian Mangifera indica (mangga, fruit fly mango), Passiflora edulis, Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion-fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) Theobroma cacao (kakao,
32 cocoa) 43. Bactrocera philippinensis II Mangifera indica (mangga, buah, media Asia: Philippines Drew & Hancock; Diptera: mango), Artocarpus communis tanam (tanah) Tephritidae; Phillippines fruit (sukun, breadfruit), Achras (= fly Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- fruit), Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Pouteria duklitan, Spondias purpurea, Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple) 44. Bactrocera psidii(Frogg.); II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, buah, media Oceania:New Caledonia (=Dacus psidii =D. guava), Prunus persica tanam (tanah) ornatissimus =D. (persik, peach) virgatus=Strumeta psidii Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, =Tephritis psidii); Diptera: candle nut), Anacardium Tephritidae; South Sea occidentale (jambu mete, guava fruit fly cashew-nut), Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa(srikaya, sweetsop), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya, pawpaw), Cerbera manghas, Caryophyllus sp., Citrus maxima (jeruk Bali, pummelo), Diospyros bicolor, Diospyros kaki, Diospyros
33 macrocarpa, Eugenia uniflora, Diospyros sp., Ficus spp., Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Malphigia glabra, Morus alba,Psidium cattleianum, Psidium guajava(jambu biji, guava), Prunus granatum, Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Syzygium jambos, Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond),Thevetia peruviana, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape) 45. Bactrocera pyrifoliaeDrew & II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, buah, media Asia: Thailand, Vietnam Hancock; Diptera: guava), Prunus persica tanam (tanah) Tephritidae; pyrifolia fruit fly (persik, peach), Pyrus pyrifolia (Pear) 46. Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt); II Anacardium occidentale buah, media Oceania: Australia, Polynesia (=Bactrocera tryoni (jambu mete, cashew-nut), tanam (tanah) France, New Caledonia. =Chaetodacus sarcocephali Anona spp, Averrhoa =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus carambola (belimbing, star- tryoni =D. ferrugineus tryoni fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, =Strumeta melas =Strumeta pawpaw, papaya), Coffea spp. tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); (kopi, coffee), Capsicum Diptera: Tephritidae; annuum (cabai besar, Queensland fruit fly paprika, bell-pepper), Chrysophyllum cainito, Casimiroa edulis, Eriobotrya
34 japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia uniflora, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus nigra, Passiflora quadrangularis(markisa, passion-fruit, granadilla), Passiflora suberosa,Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium spp, Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond). Aegle marmelos (maja, bael fruit), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Averrhoa bilimbi (belimbing sayur, bilimbi), Blighia sapida, Cananga odorata (kenanga, cadmia), Citrus spp., Clausena lansium, Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung, alexander laurel), Cucurbita maxima(waluh, labu parang,
35 pumpkin), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Cyphomandra betacea, Dimocarpus longan (kelengkeng, longan), Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Dovyalis caffra, Eremocitrus glauca, Eugenia dombeyi, Feijoa sellowiana, Ficus racemosa, Flacourtia jangomas, Flacourtia rukam (rukem, rukam), Fortunellax crassifolia, Grewia asiatica, Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Dimocarpus litchii (leci,litchii), Malpighia emarginata, Mimusops elengi (tanjung, asian bulletwood), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Myrciaria cauliflora, Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan, rambutan), Nerium oleander, Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), Opuntia ficus- indica, Passiflora foetida, Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion fruit,
36 granadilla), Persea americana (avocad, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Physalis peruviana (gooseberry), Pometia pinnata, Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria sapota, Prunus spp., Psidium guineense, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Phyllanthus acidus, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rollinia mucosa, Rollinia pulchrinervis, Rubus fruticosa, Rubus ursinus, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum spp., Spondias spp., Synsepalum dulcificum, Syzygium spp., Thevetia peruviana, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ziziphus mauritiana 47. Bactrocera II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), buah, media Asia: China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam tsuneonis(Miyake); (=Dacus Citrus aurantium, Citrus tanam (tanah) chenia =D. tsuneonis reticulata, Citrus sinensis, =Tetradacus tsuneonis); Fortunella margarita (oval Diptera: Tephritidae; kumquat), Fortunella x Japanese orange fly, Citrus crassifolia, Musa spp. (pisang, fruit fly banana)
37 48. Bothynus gibbosus De Geer; II Apium graveolens (seledri, batang, umbi, America: Canada, Mexico, USA (=Ligyrus gibbosus celery), Daucus carota (wortel, akar, tanah =L.californicus); Coleoptera: carrot), Helianthus anuus Scarabaeidae; carrot beetle, (bunga matahari, sunflower), carrot head beetle, muck Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, beetle sweet potato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 49. Busseola fusca Fuller; II Zea mays (jagung, corn), batang, stalk, Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, (=Calamistis fusca =Busseola Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, daun, bunga, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR sorghicida =Sesamia fusca); sorghum) akar Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Eleusine coracana, Oryza Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, African maize stalk borer, sativa (padi, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, maize stalk borer, maize paddy),Pennisetum glaucum Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, stem borer, sorghum (bajra, pearl-millet), Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, stalk/stem borer Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, sugarcane), Hyparrhenis rufa, Zambia, Zimbabwe Hyparrhenis tamba, Megathyrsus maximus, Pennisetum purpureum, Rotboellia cochinchinensis 50. Caliothrips masculinus Hood; II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, daun America: Trinidad and Tobago Thysanoptera: Thripidae cassava) 51. Carposina sasakii II Malus domestica (apel, apple), buah Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR Matsumura; (=Carposina Pyrus communis (pir, pear), (North Korea), Republic of Korea niponensis (Wals.) =C. Prunus persica (persik, peach) (South Korea). persicana =Cydia persicana); Aronia arbutifolia, Europe: Russia Lepidoptera: Carposinidae; Chaenomeles japonica, Cornus peach fruit moth, peach fruit mas, Cratageus cuneata, borer Cydonia oblonga (quince), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Malus spp., Phoenix
38 dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Sorbus aucuparia, Ziziphus jujube 52. Caulophilus II Cicer arietinum (chickpea), biji, umbi, America: Cuba, Guatemala, oryzae(Gyllenhal); Panicum miliaceum (millet), akar, rhizome Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto (=Caulophilus Pennisetum spp., Zea mays Rico, USA latinasus=Rhyncolus oryzae); (jagung, corn) Europe: Portugal Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, broad nosed grain weevil, sweet potato), Persea broad nosed granary weevil americana (avokad, avocado), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 53. Cephus cinctusNorton; II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang America: Canada, USA. (=Cephusoccidentalis); wheat), serealea (cerealia) Asia: Kazakhstan Hymenoptera: Cephidae; Agropyron, Elymus, Hordeum Europe: Russia wheat stem sawfly western vulgare (barli, barley), Phleum wheat-stem fly 54. Ceratitis II Gossypium barbadens buah, media Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, capitata(Wiedemann); (kapas, cotton), Coffea spp. tanam (tanah) Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, (=Ceratitis citriperda (kopi, coffee), Vitis vinifera Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, =Ceratitis hispanica (anggur, grapevine), Persea DR Congo, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, =Tephritis capitata); Diptera: americana (avokad, avocado), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Tephritidae; Mediterranean Annona spp., Malus domestica Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, fruit fly, medfly (apel, apple), Capsicum Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, annuum (cabai besar, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, paprika, bell-pepper), Citrus Réunion, St. Helena, Sao Tome & spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra indica (mangga, mango), Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
39 tomato), Theobroma cacao Zambia, Zimbabwe. (kakao, cocoa), Psidium America: Antilles Netherlands, guajava (jambu biji, guava) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Anacardium occidentale Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Annona reticulata, Citrus spp, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Carissa spp., Chrysophyllum Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, cainito, Casimiroa edulis, Venezuela. Cyphomandra betacea, Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Dovyalis caffra, Eugenia spp., Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Garcinia mangostana Syria,Turkey, Yemen (manggis, mangosteen), Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Chile, Juglans regia, Dimocarpus Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, litchii (leci,litchii), Malpighia Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russia, glabra, Achras (= Manilkara) Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Morus, Mespilus germanica, Montenegro, Macedonia. Muntingia calabura (kersen, Oceania: Australia. talok, jamaica cherry), Opuntia spp., Passiflora coerulea, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Physalis peruviana, Psidium longipes, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Rubus loganobaccus, Santalum album, Solanum spp., Spondias cytherea, Syzygium spp., Thevetia peruviana,Pouteria viridis, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya),
40 Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros spp., Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia dombeyi, Eugenia uniflora, Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Garcinia livingstonei, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avocad, avocado), Pouteria sapota, Prunus americana(aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Spondias purpurea, Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Terminalia catappa(ketapang, indian almond), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 55. Ceratitis cosyra(Walker); II Mangifera indica (mangga, buah, media Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, (=Ceratitis giffardi mango) tanam (tanah) Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central =Pardalaspis cosyra Anisophyllea laurina, Annona Africa, DR Congo, Guinea, Ivory =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. spp, Annona cherimola, Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, sarcocephali Annona muricata, Annona Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, =P.parinarii=P.sarcocephali reticulata, Annona Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, =Trypeta cosyra); Diptera: senegalensis, Canopharyngia Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Tephritidae; mango fruit fly, penduliflora, Landolphia sp., marula fruit fly Saba senegalensis, Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime),
41 Chrysobalanus sp., Parinari mobola, Diospyros mespiliformis, Dovyalis caffra, Nauclea latifolia, Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Sclerocarya birrea, Sarcocephalus esculentus, Uapaca kirkiana, Warburgia ugandensis 56. Ceratitis punctataWied.; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), buah, media Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, (=Pardalaspis punctata=P. Psidium guajava (jambu biji, tanam (tanah) Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Senegal, senegalensis =Tephritis guava), Passiflora Sierra Leone, South Africa, senegalensis); Diptera: quadrangularis (markisah, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Tephritidae; cacao fruit fly granadilla, passion fruit), Zimbabwe. Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Chrysophyllum albidum Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) 57. Ceratitis quinaria(Bezzi); II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, buah, media Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, (=Pardalaspis quinaria); guava), Citrus spp.(jeruk, tanam (tanah) Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Ivory Coast, Diptera: Tephritidae; orange), Prunus americana South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Rhodesian fruit fly (aprikot, apricot), Prunus Asia: Yemen persica (persik, peach) 58. Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), buah, media Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, (=Pterandrus rosa ); Diptera: Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tanam (tanah) Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tephritidae; Natal fruit fly Averrhoa carambola Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa, (belimbing, star-fruit), Carica Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,
42 papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, Zimbabwe. papaya), Citrus spp, Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Eugenia uniflora, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Psidium longipes, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Syzygium spp., Terminalia catappa(ketapang, indian almond), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Ziziphus jujuba, Annona reticulate (fruit nona, custard apple), Carissa macrocarpa, Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, litchii), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
43 grapevine) 59. Chaetocnema confinis II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), daun, tunas, Africa: Comoros, Gambia, Ghana, Crotch.; (=Chaetocnema Calystegia sepium (great bibit tanaman Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, flavicornis =Chaetocnema bindweed), Ipomoea aquatica Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, South etiennei =Chaetocnema (swamp morning-glory), Africa perplexa); Coleoptera: Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, America: Brazil, Canada, Chrysomelidae; flea beetle; sweet potato), Ipomoea USA,Ecuador, El Salvador sweet potato flea beetle; flea pandurata (bigroot Asia: Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, beetle. morningglory (USA)), Solanum Vietnam lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Europe: Guernsey Pharbitis purpurea (Tall Oceania: French Polynesia, Guam, morning glory), Zea mays Marshall Islands, Palau (jagung, corn) Abutilon hybridum (Indian mallow), Acer negundo (box elder), Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Aesculus (buckeye), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Arctium minus (common burdock), Avena sativa (oats), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape), Catalpa bignonioides (Southern catalpa), Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Helianthus tuberosus
44 (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Mucuna (velvetbeans), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus na (common chokecherrytree), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tilia americana (basswood), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 60. Chaetosiphon fragaefolii II Fragaria ananassa bibit tanaman, America: Argentina, Canada, USA, Cockerell; (=Capitophorus (strawberry) daun, tunas Bolivia fragaefoli i=Capitophorus Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean Asia: Israel, Japan, Philippines fragariae =Chaetosiphon strawberry), Fragaria vesca Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, France, fragariae =Myzus fragaefolii (wild strawberry), Fragaria Germany, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, =Myzus fragariae =Passerinia vesca var. semperflorens Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, fragaefolii =Pentatrichopus (Perpetual strawberry), Rosa Switzerland, United Kingdom fragaefolii =Pentatrichopus rugosa Oceania; Australia, New Zealand fragariae; Hemiptera:
45 Aphididae; strawberry aphid
61. Chilo II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, daun, Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, orichalcociliellus(Strand); sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, tangkai Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, (=Chilotraea argyrolepia corn), Sorghum bicolor tongkol (stalk) Madagascar =Diatraea argyrolepia (sorgum, sorghum), Poaceae, =Proceras argyrolepia =P. Panicum miliaceum argyrolepidus =P.orichalcociliella =Chilo argyrolepia =Diatraea orichalcociliella); Lepidoptera: Crambidae; coastal stalk borer 62. Cholus cattleyaeChampion; II anggrek (Orchidaceae) tanaman, America: USA Coleoptera: Curculionidae; batang, daun, cattleya weevil bunga 63. Chrysobothris II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, daun, America: Canada, Mexico, USA femorataOlivier; Coleoptera: Prunus persica (persik, tunas Buprestidae; flatheaded peach), Pyrus communis (pir, apple tree borer pear), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) 64. Chrysobothris maliHorn.; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, daun, America: Canada, USA Coleoptera: Buprestidae; Prunus persica (persik, tunas Pacific flatheaded apple tree peach), Pyrus communis (pir, borer pear), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) 65. Cicadulina II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia bipunctata(Melichar); wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Asia:Japan, Syria, Turkey (=Cicadulina bipunctata corn), Oryza sativa (padi, Europe: Italy bipunctella=C.bipunctella=C.b paddy), Sorghum bicolor
46 ipunctella zeae=C.zeae (sorgum, sorghum), =Gnathodus bipunctata); Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; sugarcane) maize leaf hopper, sorghum jassid 66. Cicadulina latensFennah.; II Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, daun Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Maize leaf hopper Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda. 67. Cicadulina mbila(Naude); II Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, daun Africa: Angola, Botswana, Burkina (=Balclutha mbila); S): Avena sativa (oat, oat), Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; Cynodon spp., Digitaria Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Mauritius, maize leafhopper sanguinalis, Eleusine Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, coracana, Oryza glaberrima, Reunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Pennisetum glaucum, Zimbabwe Hordeum vulgare (barli, Asia: India, Tajikistan, Yemen barley), Panicum spp., Paspalum conjugatum, Pennisetum spp., Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), serealea (cerealia), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea perennis 68. Cicadulina storeyi China; II Zea mays (jagung, corn), batang, daun Africa: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Togo, (=Cicadulina nicholsi =C. Poaceae, Pennisetum glaucum, Northwest Africa, Zimbabwe triangula); Hemiptera: Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Cicadellidae; maize sorghum) leafhopper 69. Coccus alpinusde Lotto; II Syzygium aquea (jambu air, batang, Africa: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda,
47 Hemiptera: Coccidae ; soft star apple), Psidium guajava ranting, daun, Tanzania, Uganda. green scale (jambu biji, guava), Citrus buah spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) 70. Coccus elongates Signoret; II Albizia falcataria (L.), Albazia batang, Africa: Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda Hemiptera: Coccidae;Scale spp., Acacia catechu, Acecia, ranting, daun America: Barbados insect elenoxylon, Coffee spp. (Kopi, Asia: India coffee), Europe: Seychelles, England 71. Coelaenomenodera II Elaeis batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, elaeidisMaulik, Coleoptera: Borassus flabelifer (lontar, Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Chrysomelidae; hispid palmyra palm), Cocos nucifera Ghana, Ivory Coast, Namibia, leafminer, oilpalm leafminer (kelapa, coconut), Pennisetum Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, purpureum (rumput gajah, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe elephant grass), Roystonea regia (palem raja, royal palm). 72. Conotrachelus II Prunus persica (persik, buah, tanah America: Canada, USA nenuphar(Herbst); (=Curculio peach), Prunus avium, Prunus nenuphar); Coleoptera: domesticum (plam, plum), Curculionidae; plum Prunus cerasus (ceri, cherry), curculio, American, plum other stone fruit weevil, peach curculio Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus japonica, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Malus domestica(apel, apple),Vaccinium spp., Ribes spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur,
48 grapevine), Vitis rotundifolia
73. Coptotermes acinaciformis II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, kayu, Oceania: widespread Froggatt;Isoptera: sugarcane), Pinus radiata akar Rhinotermitidae; subterranean termite 74. Coptoterm es formosanus II Acer rubrum, Chamaecyparis batang, kayu, Africa: South Africa Shiraki; Isoptera: thyoides, Cinnamomum akar, furniture America: USA Rhinotermitidae;Formosan camphora, Eucalyptus, Asia: China, Taiwan subterranean termite, Fraxinus berlanderiana, Formosan termite Liquidambar styracifua, Picea engelmannii, Pinus (pines), Quercus (oak), Saccharum officinarum, Taxodium distichum 75. Coptotermes heimi II Acacia nilotica (gum arabic batang, kayu, Asia: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan (Wasmann);Isoptera: tree), Eucalyptus tereticornis akar Rhinotermitidae (forest red gum), Morus (mulberry tree), Populus (poplars), Prunus domestica (plum) 76. Corythucha marmorataUhler; II Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, batang, daun, America: USA Hemiptera: Tingidae; chrysant ) bunga Asia: Japan Chrysanthemum lace bug 77. Crioceris asparagi(Linnaeus); II Asparagus officinalis batang, daun, America: Canada, USA. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; (asparagus, asparagus) bunga Europe: all Asparagus beetle 78. Crioceris II Asparagus officinalis batang, daun, America: Canada, North America, duodecimpunctata(Linnaeus); (asparagus, asparagus) bunga USA (=Chrysomela Europe: France, Italy, Netherland duodecimpunctata=Lema
49 duodecimpunctata); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; spotted Asparagus beetle, twelve-spotted Asparagus beetle 79. Cryptophlebia leucotreta II Abutilon hybridum, Ananas buah, bunga Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Meyrick; (=Argyroploce comosus (nanas, pineapple), Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, leucotreta=Cryptophlebia Annona muricata (sirsak, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, roerigii=Thaumatotibia soursop), Averrhoa Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, roerigii=Olethreutes leucotreta carambola(belimbing, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, =Thaumatotibia leucotreta); carambola, star-fruit), Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, false codling moth, Citrus Capsicum annuum (cabai Reunion, Rwanda, St. Helena, codling moth, orange codling besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, moth Ceiba pentandra (kapuk South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, randu, kapok), Citrus spp. Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, (jeruk, orange),Coffea spp. Zimbabwe (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica America: USA (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Asia: Israel Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Litchi chinensis (leci, lichi), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava(jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
50 Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, lychee), Macadamia ternifolia 80. Cryptotermes domesticus II Any hardwood and softwood batang, kayu America: Panama, Trinidad and Haviland; Isoptera: Tobago Kalotermitidae; drywood Asia: China,Japan, Malaysia, termite Singapore, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Salomon Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu 81. Cydia pomonella Linnaeus; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), buah Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, (=Laspeyresia pomonella Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, South =Carpocapsa pomonella =C. Prunus americana (aprikot, Africa, Spain, Tunisia pomonana apricot), Prunus persica America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, =Enarmoniapomonella (persik, peach), Prunus Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, =Phalaena pomonella); domesticum (plam, plum), Peru, Uruguay, USA Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, codling moth, walnut worm Prunus dulcis (almon, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, almond), Zea mays (jagung, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, corn) Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia,
51 Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 82. Cylas puncticollis Boheman; II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang, daun, Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Cape (=Cylas compressus); sweet potato) umbi Verde, Central Africa, Chad, DR Coleoptera: Apionidae; Abelmoschus, Astripomoea Congo, Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, African sweet potato weevil, lachnosperma, Boerhavia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, sweet potato weevil Celosia, Coffea spp. (kopi, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, coffee), Commelina, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Corchorus, Hibiscus, Ipomoea Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, eriocarpa, Sesamum indicum Uganda, Zambia (wijen, sesame), Vigna cylindricaI (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays (jagung, corn) 83. Dacus ciliatusLoew; (=Dacus II Coccinia trilobata, buah, media Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, brevistylus, =D. appoxanthus Corallocarpus ellipticus, tanam (tanah) Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, var. decolor =D. coccinae =D. Cucumis aculeatus, Cucumis Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, insistens =D. sigmoides africanus, Cucumis dipsaceus, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, =Didacus ciliatus =Leptoxyda Cucumis melo, Cucumis Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, ciliata =Tridacus mallyi); metuliferus, Cucumis Saint Helena, Senegal, Somalia, Diptera: Tephritidae; lesser myriocarpus, Cucurbita South Africa, Northwest Africa, melon fly, lesser pumpkin fly maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, DR Cucurbitaceae, Kedrostis Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe foetidissima, Kedrostis leloja, Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Israel, Lagenaria siceraria, Jordan, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Momordica balsamina, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Momordica charantia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Momordica rostrata, Peponium mackenii, Trichosanthes
52 cucumerina var. anguinea Citrullus colocynthis, Citrus sinensis, Cucumis sativus, Luffa acutangula, Luffa aegyptiaca, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) 84. Delia antiquaMeigen; II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, batang, daun, Africa: Crozet Islands, Egypt (=Anthomyia antique =A. onion), Allium umbi, media America: Antigua and Barbuda, ceparum =Chortophila ascalonicum(bawang merah, tanam, tanah, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa antiqua =Delia cepetorum shallot), Allium porrum akar Rica, Mexico, USA =Hylemya antiqua =H. (bawang prei, leek) Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia, India, ceparum =Leptohylemyia Allium cepa var. aggregatum, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, antique =Pegomyia ceparum Allium fistulosum, Allium Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North =P. cepetorum =Phorbia sativum (bawang putih, Korea), Republic of Korea (South ceparum =P. cepetorum =P. garlic), Allium schoenoprasum, Korea), Mongolia, Philippines, antiqua); Diptera: Allium spp. Turkey Anthomyiidae; onion maggot, Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, onion fly Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 85. Delia arambourgi(Seguy); II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun, Africa: Ethiopia (=Delia dispar =Hylemya wheat), Zea mays (jagung, akar, media dispar =Hylemya corn), Saccharum officinarum tanam, tanah arambourgi); Diptera: (tebu, sugarcane), serealia Anthomyiidae; barley fly lainnya (other cerealia)
53 86. Delia platura(Meigen); II Gossypium hirsutum, biji, akar, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, (=Anthomyia cana =A.corelia Hordeum vulgare (barli, media tanam, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, =A.deceptiva =A.diversa barley), Juniperus na, Larix tanah Rwanda, St. Helena, South Africa, =A.funesta =A.lanicrus laricina, Phaseolus lunatus, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, =A.perrima =A.platura Raphanus sativus (lobak, Zimbabwe =A.platygaster =A.radicum radish), Trifolium repens, Vicia America: Argentina, Bermuda, var. calopteni =A.raphani faba, Allium ascalonicum Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, =A.rubifrons =A.sergia (bawang merah, shallot), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, =A.tinia =A.trifilis =A.tyana Asparagus officinalis Greenland, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, =A.viana =A.zeas =Aricia (asparagus, asparagus), USA, Uruguay, Venezuela fusciceps =Chortophila Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, cana=C.deceptiva =C.prisca (bunga kol, cauliflower), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, =C.rubifrons =C.spinipes Brassica oleracea capitata Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North =C.trifilis =Delia cilicrura (kubis, cabbage), Citrullus Korea), Republic of Korea (South =D.prisca =Dialyta lanatus, Citrullus Korea), Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, cupreifrons =Eriphia vulgaris(semangka, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, marginata =Homalomyia rava watermelon), Cucumis sativus Taiwan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen =Hylemya cana =H.deceptiva (mentimun, cucumber), Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, =H.fusciceps =H.platura Glycine max (kedelai, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, =H.prisca =H.spinipes soyabean), Pinus merkusii Czech, Denmark, Faroes Islands, =H.trifilis =Pegomyia (tusam, pinetree) albus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, fusciceps =Phorbia cilicrura Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, =P.fusciceps tobacco), Phaseolus coccineus, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, =P.novazealandica =P.prisca Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Russia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, =P.spinipes =H.cilicrura Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, =Chortophila cilicrura pea), Solanum tuberosum Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =Phorbiaplatura); Diptera: (kentang, potato), Spinacia Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Anthomyiidae; corn seed oleracea (bayam, spinach), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand maggot, bean seed fly, seed Triticum aestivum (gandum, potato maggot wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 87. Delia radicumLinnaeus; II Brassica oleracea capitata batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Morocco
54 (=Anthomyia brassicae =A. (kubis, cabbage), Brassica akar, media America: Canada, USA radicum =Aricia villipes oleracea, Brassica oleracea tanam, tanah Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia, =Chortophila appendiculata var. gemmifera, Brassica Israel, Kazakhstan, Turkey, =C. floccosa =C. frontalis oleracea subsp. italica, Uzbekistan =Delia brassicae Cruciferae Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, =Eustalomyia brassicae Brassica napus var. Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, =Hylemya brassicae =H. napobrassica, Brassica rapa Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, brassicae =Musca radicum subsp. pekinensis, Matthiola Bosnia and Herzegovina, =Pegomya brassicae spp., Raphanus sativus Montenegro, Macedonia, France, =Erioischia brassicae (lobak, radish), Armoracia Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, =Chortophila brassicae rusticana Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, =Phorbia brassicae); Diptera: Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Anthomyiidae; cabbage Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, maggot, cabbage root fly, Switzerland, Ukraine, United radish fly Kingdom 88. Dendroctonus ponderosae II Pinus spp batang, America: USA, Canada Hopkins;Coleoptera: ranting, kayu Scolytidae; pinus beetle, mountain pine beetles 89. Diabrotica undecimpunctata II Cucumis melo (melon, melon), batang, akar, America: Canada, El Salvador, Mannerheim; (=Chrysomela Cucumis sativus (mentimun, daun, bunga, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA duodecimpunctata =Crioceris cucumber), Citrullus vulgaris media tanam sexpunctata =Diabrotica (semangka, watermelon), duodecimpunctata =D.soror Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita =D.undecimpunctata subsp. pepo (labu kuning, zucchini) Howardi Barber); Coleoptera: Arachys hypogaea (kacang Chrysomelidae; 12-spotted tanah, peanut), Glycine max cucumber beetle, southern (kedelai, soyabean), Ipomoea corn rootworm, spotted batatas (ubi jalar, sweet cucumber beetle, western potato), Vigna spp. (buncis, spotted cucumber beetle cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Chenopodium quinoa,
55 Phaseolus vulgaris(buncis, common bean) 90. Diaprepes II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Zea akar, batang, America: Antigua and Barbuda, abbreviatus(Linnaeus); mays (jagung, corn), daun Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, (=Curculio abbreviatus Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Dominica, Guyana France, Grenada, =Diaprepes festivus =D. sugarcane), Manihot esculenta Guadeloupe, irregularis =D. quadrilineatus (ubi kayu, cassava), Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, =Exophthalmusabbreviatus); Nephelium lappaceum Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Coleoptera: Curculionidae; (rambutan, rambutan) Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Citrus weevil, sugarcane S): Aeschynomene americana, Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, rootstalk borer weevil, Citrus Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, USA weevil, sugarcane rootstalk Arachis hypogaea (kacang borer weevil, West Indian tanah, peanut), Ardisia crispa, weevil, West Indian Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, sugarcane root borer, West pigeon pea), Canavalia Indian weevil gladiata, Cedrela odorata, Ceiba pentandra (kapuk, kapok), Centrosema pubescens, Chrysobalanus icaco, Chrysophyllum cainito, Canocarpus erectus, Crotalaria, Dimocarpus longan, Dioscorea, Diospyros virginiana, Dizygotheca elegantissima, Eriobitrya japonica, erythrina barteroana, Erythrina poeppigiana, Euginia uniflora, Faramea occidentalis, Gladiolus hybrids, Gliricidia sepium, Guaiacum officinale, Hoya carnosa, Jatropha
56 curcas, Juniperus conferta, Juniperus virginiana, Lablab purpureus, Lagerstromia speciosa, Manihot esculenta, Maranta leuconeura, Mucuna pruriens, Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), kacang, Coffe aspp. (kopi, coffee), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (=Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, bell-pepper), Rhizophora mangle, Ricinus communis, Saccharum officinarum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Solanum melongena(terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Swietenia macrophylla,
57 Swietenia mahagoni, Syzygium jambos, Terminalia catappa, Urena lobata, Ximenia americana, Zanthoxylum, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Dioscorea spp. 91. Diaspidiotus perniciosus II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR (Comstock) Cockerell, Vitis vinifera (anggur, buah, stalk Congo,Congo, Morocco, South Africa, Danzig; (=Aonidia fusca grapevine), Prunus cerrasus Tunisia, Zimbabwe =Aonidiella fusca =A. (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, perniciosa =Aspidiotus (persik, peach), Pyrus Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, (Comstockaspis) perniciosus communis (pir, pear), Prunus Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, USA, =A. (Diaspidiotus) persica nectarina (nektarin, Uruguay, Venezuela andromelas =A. nectarine) Citrus spp.(jeruk, Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, (Diaspidiotus) perniciosus =A. orange), buah batu (stone Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, (Hemiberlesiana) perniciosus fruit) Brunei, China, Georgia, India, Iran, =A. perniciosus =A. Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR albopunctatus =A. fuscus =A. (North Korea), Republic of Korea perniciosus =Comstockaspis (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, perniciosa =Diaspidiotus Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, perniciosus =Hemiberlesia Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen perniciosa =Quadraspidiotus Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, perniciosus =Q.perniciosus); Croatia, Czech, France, Germany, Hemiptera: Coccidae; Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, California scale, Chinese Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, scale, perniciosus scale, San Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, José scale Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
58 92. Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret; II Ananas comosus (nanas, batang, daun, America: Antigua and Barbuda, (=Aulacaspis boisduvalii = pineapple), Cocos nucifera stalk (khusus Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Diaspos palmarum); (kelapa, coconut), Musa spp. A. comosus) Dominica, Guyana France, Hemiptera: Diaspididae; (pisang, banana) Guadelope, Guyana, Jamaica, boisduval scale, coconut Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, St. snow scale, orchid, scale, Kitts & Nevis pinapple scale 93. Diatraea saccharalis II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, daun America: Antigua and Barbuda, Fabricius; (=Chilo sugarcane) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, obliteratellus =Crambus Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Brazil, British Virgin Islands, leucaniellus =C. lineosellus Panicum dichotomiflorum, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, =C. sacchari =Diatraea Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, continens =D. crambidoides sorghum), Sorghum France Guiana, Grenada, =D. pedidocta =D. saccharalis halepense, Zea mays (jagung, Guadeloupe,Guatemala, Guyana, va grenadensis=D. sacchari corn) Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, =D. sacchari f. Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, brasiliensis=Phalaena Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, saccharalis=D. obliteratella Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis,St. =D. Lucia, St. Vincent and the obliteratellus=D.incomparella) Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and ; Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela sugarcane stalk borer, sugarcane borer, sugarcane moth borer, American sugarcane borer, small moth borer, small sugarcane moth borer 94. Diopsis longicornisMacquart; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, (=Diasemopsis Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, macrophthalma =Diopsis Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, West macrophtalma =Diopsis Africa, Zimbabwe thoracica); Diptera: Asia: India, Philippines
59 Diopsidae; stalk-eyed fly 95. Diorymerellus II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang, daun, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, laevimargoChampion; bunga Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Dominican Republic, Ecuador, orchid weevil Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana 96. Diparopsis castanea Hmps.; II Gossypium barbadens batang, daun, Africa: Botswana, Malawi, (= Diparopsis watersi. (kapas, cotton) buah, biji Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Rothschild) Lepidoptera: Cefenfuegosia heldebrandii; Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Noctuidae; red bollworm, red Gossypioides kirkii; Thespesia Zimbabwe. Sudan bollworm, red Sudan spp. cotton worm, red cotton bollworm 97. Distantiella II Theobroma cacao (kakao, batang, daun, Africa: Cameroon, Congo, Ivory theobromae(Distant); cocoa), Ceiba pentandra buah Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Hemiptera: Miridae; cocoa (kapuk randu, kapok) Leonne, Togo capsid, brown capsid, cocoa Adansonia digitata, Citrus capsid stem sapper spp. (jeruk, orange) 98. Eldana saccharina Walker; II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; sugarcane) Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, sugarcane stalk borer, Cyperus (flatsedge), Cyperus Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Equatorial African sugarcane borer alternifolius, Cyperus Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, digitatus, Megathyrsus Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, maximus, Oryza sativa (padi, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, paddy), Phragmites australis, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, sorghum), Typha latifolia, Zea Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra mays (jagung, corn) Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe Asia: Saudi Arabia
60 99. Empoasca facialis Jacobi; II Solanum melongena (terung, batang, daun, Africa: Congo, Gambia, Ghana, (=Jacobiella facialis eggplant aubergine) buah Kenya, Mauritania, Mozambique, =Chloritafacialis =Chlorita Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South fascialis); Hemiptera, Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Cicadellidae; green Togo, Uganda, DR Congo, Zimbabwe leafhopper Asia: Cambodia, India Oceania: Australia, Fiji 100.Empoasca lybica De II Gossypium barbadens batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Central Africa, DR Bergevin; (=Jacobiasca lybica (kapas, cotton), Solanum buah Congo, Egypt, Erythrea, Kenya, =Austroascalybica =Chlorita lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, lybica =C.signata =Empoasca Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, benedettoi =E.signata potato), Cajanus cajan Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, =Jacobiasca signata); (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; Vitis vinifera (anggur, America: Argentina cotton jassid, green grapevine) Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, leafhopper (GLH) Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Albania, Italy, Portugal, Spain 101.Empoasca onukii Matsuda; II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) batang, daun Asia: Japan, Thailand Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; tea green leafhopper 102.Epicauta albovittataGestro; II Capsicum annuum (cabai batang, daun, Africa: Kenya Coleoptera: Meloidae; besar, paprika, bell-pepper, buah stripped blister beetle hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), solanaceae 103.Epicauta vittata(Fabricius); II Solanum tuberosum (kentang, batang, daun, Africa: DR Congo Coleoptera: Meloidae; potato), Medicago sativa buah America: Canada, USA stripped blister beetle (alfalfa, lucerne).
61 104.Epilachna similis(Thunberg); II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, (=Chnootriba wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, similis);Coleoptera: corn), Sorghum bicolor Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Coccinellidae; maize ladybird (sorghum), Pennisetum spp. Zimbabwe beetle, cereal ladybird Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) 105.Epilachna varivestis Mulsant; II Citrus aurantifolia, Glycine batang, daun Asia: Japan (=Epilachna max (kedelai, soyabean), America: Canada, Colombia, Costa corrupta=E.maculiventris); Phaseolus acutifolius, Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Coleoptera: Coccinellidae; Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus Honduras, Mexico, USA Mexican bean beetle, bean vulgaris (buncis, common ladybeetle, bean ladybird bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), leguminosae lainnya (other legume) 106.Ernobius mollis II Picea abies, Pinus batang, kayu, America: USA (Linnaeus);Coleoptera: kulit kayu Europe: Italy, Spain Anobiidae; pine bark Oceania: Australia 107.Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); II Acer campestre (field maple), buah, bibit Africa: Spain (Canary Islands) (=Eulecanium coryli = Aesculus hippocastanum tanaman America: Canada, USA Eulecanium mali =Lecanium (buckeye), Crataegus Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, coryli =Physokermes coryli = monogyna (hawthorn), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Coccus coryli =Coccus tiliae Cydonia oblonga (quince), Turkey =Coccus mali Ficus, Fraxinus (ashes), Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, =Parthenolecanium coryli Malus domestica (apple), Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, =Eulecanium ibericum Prunus domestica (plum), Bosnia and Herzegovina, =Coccus capreae =Coccus Prunus persica (persik, peach), Montenegro, Macedonia, France, alni =Coccus salicum =Coccus Prunus salicina (Japanese Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, fuscus =Coccus aceri =Coccus plum),Pyrus communis Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, aceris campestris =Coccus (European pear), Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, pyri =Coccus rubi =Coccus Acer circinatum, Acer Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, xylostei =Calypticus fasciatus macrophyllum, Acer negundo, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK =Lecanium juglandis =Coccus Acer platanoides, Acer (Scotland)
62 aesculi =Lecanium fasciatum pseudoplatanus, Aesculus =Lecanium rubi =Lecanium pavia, Alnus rubra, Betula genevense =Lecanium alni papyrifera, Betula pubescens, =Lecanium pyri =Lecanium Carpinus betulus, Cornus aesculi =Lecanium berberidis sanguinea, Corylus avellana, =Lecanium cerasi =Lecanium Fragaria vesca (wild variegatum =Lecanium strawberry), Holodiscus fuscum =Lecanium discolor, Juglans regia, Malus (Eulecanium) aesculi sylvestris, Myrica gale, =Lecanium (Eulecanium) Parrotia persica, Pistacia capreae =Lecanium palestina, Populus alba, (Eulecanium) cerasi Populus Canadensis, Prunus =Lecanium (Eulecanium) armeniaca (apricot, apricot), genevense =Lecanium Prunus cerasifera, Prunus (Eulecanium) juglandis, cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus, Lecanium (Eulecanium) rubi Prunus spinosa, Quercus =Lecanium (Eulecanium) iberica, Quercus ilex, Quercus variegatum =Eulecanium robur, Quercus suber, Salix fuscum Lecanium (Saissetia) caprea, Salix viminalis, capreae =Lecanium Sorbus, Tilia cordata, Ulmus (Eulecanium) hoferi glabra, Ulmus minor, =Lecanium websteri mirabilis Vaccinium myrtillus =Eulecanium aceris (blueberry), Vitis vinifera =Eulecanium aesculi (anggur, grapevine) =Eulecanium alni =Eulecanium capreae =Eulecanium cerasi =Eulecanium fasciatum =Eulecanium pyri (Schrank) =Eulecanium rubi =Eulecanium variegatum =Eulecanium websteri
63 mirabile =Eulecanium curtisi =Lecanium (Globulicoccus) fuscum =Eulecanium emerici =Globulicoccus fuscus =Lecanium mali =Eulecanium coryli cimbricus =Eulecanium gyrcanicum); Hemiptera: Coccidae; nut scale; thorn scale 108.Eumerus II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, akar, batang, America: USA tuberculatusRondani; onion), Narcissus spp. daun, umbi, Europe Diptera: Syrphidae; lesser (narsisus, narcissus), Crinum tanah bulb fly asiaticum (bakung, lily). Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Irish spp., Lilia spp., Pastinaca sativa (parsnip, parsnip), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Calla elliottiana, Eurycies spp., Galtonia spp., Gladiolus spp., Scilla spp., Sprekelia 109.Eupalamides II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang, daun America: Guyana Franch Guyana, cyparissiasFabricius; coconut), Elaeis guineensis Panama, Peru, Suriname (=Castnia daedalus =Castnia (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) dedalus =Lapaeumides dedalus =L.daedalus =Eupalamides dedalus
64 =Papilio cyparissias =P.dedalus); Lepidoptera: Castniidae; oilpalm borer, coconut moth borer, stem borer and bunch stalk 110.Euscepes II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang, akar, America: Antigua and Barbuda, postfasciatus(Fairmaire); sweet potato), Pharbitis nil umbi Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Virgin (=Batatarhynchus destructor Ipomoeaaquatica (kangkung, Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana =Cryptorhynchus batatae water spinach) France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, =C.postfasciatus =Euscepes Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, batatae Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto =Hyperomorphasquamosa); Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Vincent and the Grenadines, West Indian sweet potato Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, weevil, scarabee weevil, USA, Venezuela small sweet potato weevil Asia: Japan Oceania: Palau, Cook Island, Micronesia, Fiji, France Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Island, Pitcairn Island, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna 111.Eutinobothrus II Gossypium barbadens batang, akar America: Argentina, Brazil, brasiliensis(Hambleton); (kapas, cotton) Paraguay (=Gasterocercodes Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, brasiliensis =G.gossypii); okra),Hibiscus spp. Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Brazilian cotton borer, cotton root borer 112.Frankliniella fusca II Arachis hypogaea (kacang daun, bunga, America: Canada, Cuba, Martinique, (Hinds);(=Euthrips fuscus =E. tanah, peanut), Capsicum tunas Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA Nicotiane =Frankliniella annuum (paprika, bell Europe: Netherlands
65 nicotiane =Physopus fuscus pepper), Citrullus lanatus =P. Nicotianae =Scirtothrips (semangka, watermelon), owreyi);Thysanoptera: Glycine max (kedelai, Thripidae; tobacco thrips soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Hippeastrum, Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 113.Frankliniella II Gossypium barbadens batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, occidentalis(Pergande); (kapas, cotton), Allium bunga, buah South Africa, Swaziland, Tunisia, (=Euthrips helianthi=Euthrips ascalonicum (bawang merah, Uganda, Zimbabwe occidentalis =E.tritici var. shallot), Brassica oleracea America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, californicus =Frankliniella capitata (kubis, cabbage), Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, californica Fragaria vesca Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, =F.canadensis=F.chrysanthe (wildstrawberry), Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, mi =F.claripennis Cucurbitaceae, Orchidaceae Puerto Rico, Uruguay, USA, =F.conspicua =F.dahliae (anggrek, orchid), Amaranthus Venezuela =F.dianthi =F.nubila palmeri (palmer amaranth), Asia:Cina, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, =F.occidentalis f. Arachys hypogaea (kacang South Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Sri brunnescens =F.occidentalis tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris Lanka, Turkey f. dubia=F.syringae (bit, beetroot), Begonia spp., Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, =F.triticimaculata =F.tritici Carthamus tinctorius, Citrus x Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, var. moultoni =F.umbRosa paradise (grapefruit), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, =F.venusta=F.helianthi Capsicum annuum (cabai Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, =F.moultoni=F.trehernei); besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Thysanoptera, Thripidae; Cyclamen spp., Dahlia spp., Netherlands, Norway, Poland, western flower thrips, alfalfa Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, thrips, flower thrips, western Dianthus caryophyllus Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, (USA) grass thrips (anyelir, carnation), Euphorbia Switzerland, UK
66 pulcherrima, Ficus carica (ara, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand fig), Fuchsia sp., Gerbera jamesonii, Geranium spp., Gladiolus hybrids, Gypsophila, Hibiscus, Impatiens, Kalanchoe, Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Limonium sinuatum, Lisianthus spp., Lathyrus odoratus, Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro, wild tamarind), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa(alfalfa, lucerne), Petroselinum crispum (parslei, parsley), Vigna spp. (cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nektarin, nectarine), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Purshia tridentata, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rhododendron spp. (azalea), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Salvia spp., Secale cereale (rye), Sinapis arvensis, Sinningia speciosa,
67 St.paulia ionantha, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Sonchus spp., Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zinnia spp. 114.Globitermes sp;Isoptera: II Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, batang, kayu Asia: Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Termitidae Eucalyptus alba, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hevea brasiliensis, Pinus 115.Grapholita prunivora(Walsh); II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, daun, America: Canada, USA (=Cydia prunivora Prunus domesticum (plum), bunga, buah, =Laspeyresia prunivora other stone fruit) media tanam, =Semasia prunivora Amelanchier, Prunus serasah, tanah =Enarmonia prunivora); americana (aprikot, apricot), Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), lesser apple worm, plum Prunus persica (persik, moth peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) 116.Grapholitha molesta(Busck); II Prunus persica (persik, batang, buah, Africa: Mauritius, Morocco, South (=Cydia molesta peach), Prunus daun, bunga, Africa =Laspeyresia molesta americana(aprikot, apricot), media tanam, America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, =Carpocapsa molesta); Prunus persica var. serasah, tanah Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; nucipersica (nektarin, Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, oriental fruit moth nectarine). Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Taiwan, quince), Malus domestica Turkey,Uzbekistan (apel, apple), Prunus Europe:Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, domesticum (plum), Prunus Czech Republic, France, Germany,
68 dulcis (almon, almond), Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Pyrus communis (pear), Buah Russian Federation, Serbia, batu lain (other stone fruits), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Malus sp., Eriobotrya japonica Switzerland, Ukraine (lokwat, loquat) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 117.Grapholitha packardiZeller; II Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) batang, buah, America: Canada, Mexico, USA (=Cydia packardi Cydonia oblonga, Malus daun, bunga, =Enarmonia packardi domestica (apel, apple), media tanam, =Enarmonia pyricolana Prunus domesticum (plum), serasah, tanah =Laspeyresia Prunus persica (persik, packardi=L.pyricolana peach), Pyracantha, Pyrus =Steganoptycha pyricolana); communis (pir, pear), Rosa Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; spp., Vaccinium corymbosum cherry fruitworm 118.Harmolita grandisRiley; II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun, America: USA Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; wheat), Hordeum vulgare tanah wheat strand worm (barli, barley), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) 119.Harmolita triticiFitch.; II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun, America: USA Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; wheat), Hordeum vulgare tanah Asia: West Asia wheat joint worm (barli, barley), Avena sativa Europe: Russia (oat, oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) 120.Helopeltis anacardii Miller; II Anacardium occidentale batang, daun, Africa: Tanzania Heteroptera: Miridae; cashew (jambu mete, cashew-nut) bunga helopeltis
121.Helopeltis bergrothi Reuter; II Theobroma cacao (kakao, batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Burundi, (=Helopeltis bergrothi cocoa) bunga Cameroon, Republic of Central
69 =H.bergrothi flavescens Anacardium occidentale Africa, DR Congo., Ivory Coast, =H.bergrothi nigripes (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Guinea Equator, Gabon, Guinea, =H.bergrothi rubrinervis); Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Heteroptera: Miridae; kina, Gossypium barbadens Rwanda, Spain (Canary Island), Togo helopeltis bug, cacao- (kapas, cotton), Manihot Europe: Spain mosquito, tea-bug, tea- esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), mosquito, cacao mosquito Ricinus communis (jarak, castor-oil) 122.Helopeltis schoutedeni II Gossypium barbadens batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Reuter; (=Helopeltis (kapas, cotton), Anacardium buah Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, sanguineus =H.schoutedeni occidentale (jambu mete, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, rubra =H.schoutedeni cashew-nut), Ricinus Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, vanderysti); Heteroptera: communis Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Miridae; tea mosquito, cotton Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, bug, cacao-mosquito, tea- Mangifera indica (mangga, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, bug, cotton helopeltis, cotton mango) Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe helopeltis 123.Hercinothrips II Musa spp. (pisang, banana) batang, daun, Africa: Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, bicinctus(Bagnall); bunga, buah Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania (=Caliothrips bicinctus America: Bermuda, Brazil, Peru =Heliothrips bicinctus); Asia: India Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Europe: Belgium, Portugal, Spain, banana thrips, banana- UK silvering thrips, smilax Oceania: Australia, New Zealand thrips 124.Heteroligus appiusBurm.; II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) batang, daun, Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; umbi Dahomey, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, lesser yam beetle Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 125.Heteroligus melesBillb.; II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) batang, daun, Africa: Bourkina Faso, Cameroon, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; umbi Dahomey, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, greater yam beetle Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia, Nigeria,
70 Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
126.Hilda patruelis(Stål); II Arachys hypogaea (kacang batang, daun, Africa: Tanzania Hemiptera: Tettigometridae; tanah, peanut) akar, bunga groundnut hopper Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut); Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange); Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger); Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower); Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean); Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) 127.Homona magnanima II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), tunas, batang, Asia: China, Japan, Taiwan Diakonoff; Lepidoptera: Lithocarpus edulis, Rosa spp. daun Tortricidae; leaf roller, tea (mawar, rose), Pyrus tortrix, Oriental tea tortrix communis (pir, pear), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Chrysant hemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ), Paulownia tomentosa, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), buah batu (stone fruit), Eurya spp., Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean),
71 Rhododendron Ispp. (azalea), Nandina domestica, Podocarpus spp. 128.Homorocoryphus nitidulus II Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, batang, daun, Africa: Kenya, Zimbabwe Scopoli; (=Ruspolia differens tobacco) tanah =R.vicina); Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; edible grasshopper 129.Horcias nobilellus Berg.; II Gossypium barbadens batang, daun America: Argentina, Bahama, (=Capsus (Deraeocoris) (kapas, cotton) Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, nobilitatus=Horcias Abelmoschus moschatus Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela (Horciasoides) nobilellus (okra, lady’s finger), Bidens =H.plagosus =Poecilocopsus pilosa nobilellus); Hemiptera: Miridae; cotton plant bug, cotton bug 130.Hylotrupes bajulus II Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, batang, kayu Africa:Algeria, Ivory Coast, Egypt, (Linnaeus); Coleoptera: Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Cerambycidae; house Africa, Spain, Tunisia, Zimbabwe longhorne beetle/Europen America: USA, Canada, Brazil, house borer Argentina Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe: Uruguay Ocenia: Australia, New Zealend 131.Hyphantria cuneaDrury; II Morus alba, Prunus cerrasus batang, daun America: Canada, Mexico, USA (=Hyphantria textor); (ceri, cherry), Juglans nigra Asia: China, Japan, Korea, Turkey Lepidoptera: Arctiidae; (walnut, walnut), Pyrus Europe: Austria, Bosnia and blackheaded webworm, communis (pir, pear), Malus Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, mulberry moth, redheaded domestica (apel, apple), Czech, France, Hungary, Italy, webworm, fall webworm, Prunus domesticum (plam, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, American white moth plum), Carya illinoinensis, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland,
72 Carya ovata, Diospyros Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, na,Liquidambar styraciflua, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prunus avium Montenegro, Macedonia Carya spp., Humulus lupulus Oceania: Micronesia, Northern (hops), Ulmus americana, Mariana Island Ailanthus altissima, Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Pinus densiflora, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 132.Incisitermes minor(Hagen); II Dry wood batang, kayu America: USA, Mexico, canada Isoptera: Kalotermitidae; western drywood termite 133.Ips typographus Linnaeus; II Eucalyptus, Oak, pines batang, kayu Asia: China, Japan, Korea Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Europe: Russia European spruce bark beetle 134.Keiferia II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, batang, daun, America: Bermuda, Bolivia, lycopercicellaWalsingham;(= tomato) buah Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Haiti, Gnorimoschema elmorei Solanum melongena (terung, Jamaica, Mexico, USA, Venezuela, =G.lycopersicella =Keiferia eggplant, aubergine), Solanum Canada, Dominican Republic, elmorei =Phthorimaea elmorei tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trinidad and Tobago, Peru =P.lycopersicella); Gossypium barbadens Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae; (kapas, cotton), Nicotiana tomato pinworm tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade) 135.Lepidosaphes II Fagus grandifolia (American daun, tanah Africa: Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, ulmi(Linnaeus); (=Aspidiotus beech), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Tunisia conchiformis =A. falciformis Fraxinus americana (white America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, =A.juglandis =A.pomorum ash),Juglans regia (walnut, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, =A.pyrus-malus =A.saliceti walnut), Malus domestica Uruguay =Coccus conchiformis =C.ulmi (apel, apple), Olea europaea Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, China, =Diaspis subsp. europaea (zaitun, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, linearis=Lepidosaphes olive), Populus canadensis Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of
73 (Mytilaspis) ulmi=L.ceratoniae (hybrid black poplar), Populus Korea (South Korea), Saudi Arabia, =L. conchiformis =L.juglandis deltoides (poplar), Populus Syria, Taiwan, Turkey =L.pomorum =L.ulmi =L.vulva nigra (black poplar), Prunus Europe: Austria, Belgium, =Mytilaspis (Lepidosaphes) (buah batu,stone fruit), Pyrus Bulgaria,Bosnia and Herzegovina, pomorum =M.ceratoniae communis (pir, pear), Salix Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, =M.juglandis =M.pomicorticis alba (white willow), Tilia France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, =M.pomorum =M.ulicis cordata (small-leaf lime), Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, =M.ulmi =M.vitis Vaccinium myrtillus Netherlands, Norway, Poland, =Mytilococcus saliceti (blueberry) Romania, Russia,Spain, Sweden, =M.ulmi); Hemiptera: Prunus salicina (Japanese Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Diaspididae; oystershell plum), Rosa damascena Montenegro, Slovenia, Slovakia, scale, apple mussel scale, (Damask rose) Oceania: Australia mussel scale 136.Leptinotarsa decemlineata II Solanum tuberosum (kentang, umbi, Africa: Gabon Say; (=Chrysomela potato) rimpang, America: Canada,Cuba, Guatemala, decemlineata =Doryphora Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, batang, daun, Mexico, USA decemlineata =Leptinotarsa tomato), Solanum melongena tanah Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, multitaeniata =Polygramma (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, decemlineata); Coleoptera: Hyoscyamus niger (black Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Chrysomelidae; Colorado henbane), Nicotiana Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan potato beetle, Colorado tabacum(tembakau, tobacco) Europe: Albania, Andorra, Austria, beetle Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine,Montenegro 137.Leptopharsa heveae Drake & II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, tunas, batang, America: Brazil Poor; Hemiptera: Tingidae; rubber tree) daun, bibit, lace bug, rubber tingid bug tanaman hasil
74 mikropropagas i 138.Leucoptera caffeina II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun Africa: Angola, Burundi, Congo, Washburn; (=Leucoptera Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda,Rwanda, daricella); Lepidoptera: arabica coffee) Tanzania, Madagascar Lyonetiidae; coffee leafminer Coffea eugenioides America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Asia: Yemen 139.Leucoptera coffeella Guer & II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun Africa:Madagascar Menev; (=Perileucoptera Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, America: Antigua and Barbuda, coffeella, Cemiostoma arabica coffee) Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, coffeella, Elachista coffeella) Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae; Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El coffee leaf miner, white coffee Salvador, French Guiana, Grenada, leafminer Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela 140.Leucoptera coma Ghesq; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun Africa: Congo, Uganda Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae Coffea canephora (kopi coffee leafminer robusta, robusta coffee)
75 141.Leucoptera meyrickGhesq.; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) daun Africa: Burundi, Central Africa, Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae; Kenya, Rwanda,South Africa, coffee leafminer Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Brazil, Peru 142.Liriomyza II Brassica juncea var. juncea tunas, daun, Africa: Egypt, Marocco bryoniaeKaltenbach; (Indian mustard), Brassica tanah, bibit Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, (=Agromyza oleracea var. capitata (kubis, Republic of Korea (South Korea), bryoniaeKaltenbach= cabbage), Brassica rapa Nepal, Taiwan, Turkey, Liriomyza citrulla Rohdendorf cultivar group Mizuna, Turkmenistan, Vietnam =Liriomyza mercurialis Citrullus, Citrullus lanatus Europe: Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Hering, (semangka, watermelon), Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Liriomyza solani Hering); Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Diptera: Agromyzidae; Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, tomato leafminer cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, (labu kuning, zucchini), Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Lactuca sativa (selada, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, lettuce), Solanumlycopersicum Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, (tomat, tomato), Polyphagous Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK (polyphagous), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato),Solanaceae, Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Atropa (Deadly nightshade), Callistephus, Capsicum (peppers), Celosia argentea (celosia), Chenopodium (Goosefoot), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Datura (thorn-apple), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy),
76 Hyoscamus, Lamium (deadnettle), Levisticum, Linaria (Toadflax), Lupinus (lupins), Lycium (boxthorn), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru), Petroselinum (parsley), Petunia, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Ricinus, Saponaria (soapwort),Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena(terung, eggplant, aubergine), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Verbena (vervain), Withania 143.Listronotus II Hordeum vulgare (barli, batang, daun, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, bonariensis(Kuschel); barley), Lolium multiflorum akar, bunga, Chile, Uruguay (=Hyperodes bonariensis (italian ryegrass), Lolium biji Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Kuschel =Hyperodes griseus perenne (perennial ryegrass), Marshall =Neobagous Poaceae (grasses), Triticum setosus Hustache); aestivum (gandum, wheat), Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Zea mays (jagung, corn), argentine stem weevil, cerealia, rerumputan ryegrass stem weevil, shoot (Poaceae). weevil, weevil, argentine Agrostis capillaris (brown stem, weevil, ryegrass stem, bentgrass), Anthoxanthum wheat stem weevil puelii (Annual vernalgrass), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Bromus spp(bromegrasses), Cynodon spp. (quickgrass), Dactylis (Orchardgrass),
77 Digitaria (crabgrass), Echinochloa spp., Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Festuca pratensis (english bluegrass),Festuca rubra (red fescue), Paspalum, Phleum pretense (timothy), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) 144.Listronotus oregonensis II Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), akar, batang, America: Canada, USA Leconte; Coleoptera: Apium graveolens (seledri, daun, umbi, Curculionidae; carrot weevil celery), Anethum graveolens tanah (dill), Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley). 145.Listronotus texanus II Daucus carota (wortel, carrot) akar, batang, America: USA Stockton; Petroselinum crispum daun, umbi (= Hyperodes texanus); (peterseli, parsley) Coleoptera: Curculionidae;carrot weevil 146.Lobesia botrana Denis & II Vitis vinifera (anggur, buah, bunga Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Schiffermuller; (=Coccyx grapevine) Kenya, Libya, Morocco botrana Praun =Cochylis Actinidia chinensis (Chinese America: USA, Chile botrana Herrich-Schaffer gooseberry), Actinidia Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, =Cochylis vitisana Audouin deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, =Eudemis botrana Frey Arbutus unedo (arbutus), Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Syria, =Eudemis rosmarinana Berberis vulgaris (European Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Millière =Grapholita botrana barberry), Clematis vitalba Uzbekistan Heinemann =Lobesia (old man's beard), Cornus mas Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, rosmariana =Noctua romani (cornelian cherry), Cornus Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, O. Costa =Paralobesia sanguinea (dogwood), Daphne Cyprus, Czech, Finland, France, botrana =Penthina vitivorana gnidium, Daphne laureola, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Packard =Polychrosis botrana Dianthus spp. (carnation), Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Ragonot =Tinea premixtana Diospyros kaki (kesemek, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands,
78 Hübner =Tinea reliquana persimmon), Hedera helix Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Serbia, Hübner =Tortrix botrana (ivy), Ligustrum vulgare Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Denis & Schiffermüller (privet), Lonicera tatarica Switzerland, Ukraine, UK =Tortrix reliquana Treitschke (Tatarian honeysuckle), =Tortrix romaniana O. Costa Menispermum canadense =Tortrix vitisana Jacquin=); (common moonseed), Olea Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; europea subsp. europea grape berry moth, european (zaitun, olive), Prunus grape vine moth, grape fruit cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus moth, grape leaves-roller, spp., Punica granatum grape moth, grape vine moth, (delima, pomegranate), Ribes vine moth spp., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Prunus amygdalus, Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Ribes (currants), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum (red currant), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rubus caesius (dewberry), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Tanacetum vulgare (tansy), Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Ziziphus jujuba (common jujube)
79 147.Longitarsus II Piper nigrum (lada, daun, buah Asia: India. nigripennis(Motschulsky); blackpepper) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; flea beetle, pepper, pollu 148.Lygus lineolarisPalisot de II Amaranthus cruentus batang, daun, America: Bermuda, Canada, El Beauvois; (=Capsus (redshank), Apium graveolens bunga Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, flavonotatus Provancher (seledri, celery), Brassica Mexico, USA =Capsus lineolaris Palisot de napus var. napus(rapa, rape), Asia: Georgia Beauvois =Capsus oblineatus Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Say =Capsus strigulatus (bunga kol, cauliflower), Walker =Lygus pratensis var. Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, rubidus Knight); Hemiptera: bourboncotton),Fragaria Miridae; plant bug, tarnished ananassa(strawberry, strawberry), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Polyphagous (Polyphagous), Vigna spp. (cowpea), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium incarnatum (crimson clover), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Zea mays subsp. mays (jagung manis, sweetcorn) Anethum graveolens (dill), Apium graveolens var dulce (seledri, celery), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Aster spp., Aster pilosus (white heath aster),
80 Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Bellis perennis (common daisy), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Cosmos spp., Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Dahlia hybrids, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dendranthema spp., Erigeron (fleabane), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Helianthus spp., Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza), Malus (ornamental species apple), Papaver nudicaule (iceland poppy), Pinus echinata(shortleaves pine), Populus (poplars), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rubus spp. (blackberry, raspberry), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Sinapis alba (white mustard),Tragopogon porrifolius (oysterplant), Verbena spp. (vervain), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) 149.Lymantria dispar Linnaeus; II Acer saccharum (sugar kulit kayu Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (=Bombyx dispar Linnaeus maple), Betula papyrifera muda America: Canada, USA. =Hypogymna dispar (paper birch), Quercus alba Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Linnaeus =Liparis dispar (white oak), Quercus coccinea Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Iraq,
81 Linnaeus =Ocneria dispar (scarlet oak), Quercus Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Linnaeus =Phalaena dispar ellipsoidalis (Northern pin DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea Linnaeus =Porthesia dispar oak), Quercus garryana (Garry (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Linnaeus =Porthetria dispar oak), Quercus ilex (holm oak), Mongolia, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Linnaeus); Lepidoptera: Quercus lobata (California Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Lymantriidae; gypsy moth white oak), Quercus montana Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, (basket oak), Quercus Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, muehlenbergii (Chinquapin Denmark, Finland, France, oak), Quercus palustris (pin Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, oak), Quercus petraea Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, (durmast oak), Quercus robur Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, (common oak), Quercus rubra Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Serbia, (northern red oak), Quercus Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, suber (cork oak), Quercus Switzerland, Ukraine, UK velutina (black oak), Salix fragilis (crack willows), Ulmus (elms) Acer (maples), Acer negundo (box elder), Acer platanoides (norway maple), Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer saccharinum (soft maple), Alnus (alders), Alnus rhombifolia (white alder), Betula (birches), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula lenta (sweet birch), Betula populifolia (gray birch), Carpinus (hornbeams), Carya (hickories), Castanea sativa (chesnut), Cedrus libani (cedar of Lebanon), Corylus, Corylus avellana (hazel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red
82 gum), Fagus (beeches), Fagus grandifolia (american beech), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (downy ash), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hamamelis virginiana (virginian witch- hazel), Larix (larches), Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch), Larix occidentalis (western larch), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Litchi chinensis (lichi), Lithocarpus edulis, Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Ostrya virgianiana (american hophornbeam), Picea abies (common spruce), Picea jezoensis (yeddo spruce), Pinus (pines), Pinus brutia (brutian pine), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus echinata (shortleaves pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus sylvestris (scots pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Platanus acerifolia (London planetree), Populus
83 (stone fruit), Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen), Populus nigra (black poplar), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domestica (plam, plum), Prunus salicina (japanese flowering cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus serrulata (japanese flowering cherry), Pseudotsuga menziesii (douglas-fir), Pyrus (pear, pears), Quercus ilicifolia (bear oak), Robinia (locust), Robiniapseudoacacia (black locust), Salix (willows), Salix babylonica (weeping willows), Taxodium distichum (bald cypress), Tilia americana (basswood), Tilia cordata (small-leaves lime), Vaccinium (blueberries), Zea mays(jagung, corn) 150.Macrodactylus II Malus domestica (apel, apple), akar, daun, America: Mexico, USA subspinosus(Fabricius); Rosa (mawar, roses) bunga, tanah Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Vitis vinifera (anggur, rose chafer grapevine), Beta spp., cucurbitae, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), legumes,
84 Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), buah batulainnya (other stone fruit), Rubus spp., Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry) 151.Mac roplectra nararia Moore; II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), batang, daun, Asia: India, Sri Lanka (=Darna nararia= Natada Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), tanah, kayu, nararia Moore= Parasa Elaeis guineensis (kelapa media nararia); Lepidoptera: sawit, oilpalm), Cocos nucifera pertumbuhan Limacodidae; nettle grub, (kelapa, coconut), Erythrina tanaman, bibit fringed nettle grub, slug spp.(dadap, december tree), caterpillar Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Canna spp. (bunga tasbih, canna), Citrus spp., Crotalaria spp., Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany), Gliricidia maculata, Lonicera spp., (honeysuckles), Psidium guineense (guinea guava), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Tephrosia spp. (hoary-pea) 152.Macrosiphum euphorbiae II Beta vulgarisvar. Saccharifera batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, DR Thomas; (=Illinoia (bit gula, sugarbeet), Ipomoea bunga, buah Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, solanifolii=Macrosiphon batatas (ubi jalar, sweet Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, euphorbiae potato), Lactuca sativa Mozambique, Rwanda, Reunion, Thomas=Macrosiphon (selada, lettuce), Rosa spp. Saint Helena, South Africa, solanifolii (mawar, rose), Solanum Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Ashmead=Macrosiphum lycopersicum (tomat, Zimbabwe amygdaloides =Macrosiphum tomato),Solanum melongena America: Argentina, Bermuda, cyprissiae var. cucurbitae del (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Guercio=Macrosiphum Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Falkland
85 euphorbiellum potato), Zea mays (jagung, Island, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, TheobaldMacrosiphum corn) Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, koehleri Apium graveolens (seledri, Venezuela Börner=Macrosiphum celery), Artemisia Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, rosaeollae (wormwoods), Capsicum Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR TheobaldMacrosiphum (peppers), Chenopodium (North Korea), Republic of Korea solanifolii album (fat hen), Chenopodium (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, (Ashmead)=Macrosiphum quinoa (quinoa), Citrus, Citrus Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, tabaci PergandeNectarophora deliciosa (mediterranean Syria, Turkey ascepiadis Cowen ex Gillette mandarin), Citrus reticulata Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, & BakerNectarophora (mandarin), Citrus sinensis Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, heleniella (navel orange), Cucumis Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, CockerellNectarophora sativus (mentimun, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, lycopersici cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Estonia, Finland, France, Latvia, ClarkeNectarophora (ornamental gourd), Epilobium Lithuania, Georgia, Germany, tabaci=Nectarophora tabaci angustifolium (rosebay Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, PergandeSiphonophora willowherb), Fragaria Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, asclepiadifolii (strawberry), Freesia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Thomas=Siphonophora Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Moldova,Montenegro, Netherlands, cucurbitae Middleton ex Gossypium (cotton), Hordeum Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Thomas=Siphonophora vulgare (barley), Linum Rusia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, euphorbiae usitatissimum (flax), Lupinus Sweden, Switzerland, Thomas=Siphonophora (lupins), Lupinus albus (white Slovenia,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, solanifolii lupine), Phaseolus vulgaris Uzbekistan, Ukraine, UK Ashmead=Siphonophora (buncis, common bean), Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, tulipae Mondell); Hemiptera: Triticum aestivum (gandum, New Zealand Aphididae; potato aphid, wheat), Vicia faba (faba bean), pink and green potato aphid, Vigna unguiculata (kacang pink and green potato aphis, panjang, cowpea), Vitis pink potato aphid, potato vinifera (anggur, grapevine) aphid, tomato aphid 153.Macrotermes natalensis II Eucalyptus macarthurii, E. batang, kayu Africa: South Africa, Nigeria,
86 Haviland; Isoptera: smithii, E. camaldulensis, E. Uganda, Zimbabwe Termitidae grandis, E.viminalis 154.Malacosoma II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, kulit America: Canada, USA americanumFabricius; Prunus domesticum (plam, batang daun, Lepidoptera: Lasyocampidae; plum), Prunus persica (persik, buah eastern tent caterpillar, peach) American tent caterpillar, Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer apple tent caterpillar, saccharum (sugar maple), orchard tent caterpillar Alnus (alders), Amelanchier (serviceberries), Berberis vulgaris (European barberry), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula papyrifera (paper birch), Carya illinoinensis (pecan), Corylus, Crataegus (hawthorns), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Hamamelis (witchhazel), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Malus coronaria (sweet crab-apple), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Nyssa sylvatica (tupelo), Populus (poplars), Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth aspen), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus pennsylvanica, Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum),
87 Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree), Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Rosa (roses), Salix (willows), Sorbus (rowan), Tilia americana (basswood), Ulmus thomasii (rock elm) 155.Maladera castanea(Arrow); II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), tanaman, America: USA Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), tanah Asia: China, Japan, Korea Asiatic garden beetle Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Capsicum annuum (cabe besar, paprika, bell-pepper, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Brassica rapa subspec. rapa (turnip) 156.Manduca II Capsicum annuum (paprika, batang, daun, America: Canada, USA quinquemaculata(Haworth); bell pepper), Solanum tanah (=Phlegethontius celeus lycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Hübner =Phlegethontius Solanum melongena (terung, quinquemaculata Haworth eggplant, aubergine), Solanum =Protoparce quinquemaculata tuberosum (kentang, potato) ab. wirti Schaus =Protoparce Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, quinquemaculatus (Haworth) tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata =Sphinx quinquemaculatus Atropa belladonna (deadly Haworth); Lepidoptera: nightshade), Cestrum Sphingidae; tomato floribundum, Datura hornworm, five-spotted stramonium (jimsonweed), hawkmoth, tobacco fly Kallstroemia parviflora, Nicotiana sylvestris, Physalis viscosa (sticky
88 physalis),Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade), Solanum grandiflorum 157.Manduca sextaLinnaeus; II Capsicum annuum (paprika, batang, daun, America: Antigua and Barbuda, (=Macrosila carolina bell-pepper), Sesamum tanah Argentina, Bahama, Barbados, (Linnaeus) Clemens indicum (wijen, sesame), Belize, British Virgin Bolivia, Brazil, =Manduca carolina Solanum melongena (terung, Canada, Caribbean Islands, Cayman (Linnaeus) Hübner eggplant, aubergine), Solanum Island, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, =Phlegethontius carolina lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Cuba, Dominica, Dominican (Linnaeus) Hübner Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, =Phlegethontius sexta tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, (Linnaeus) Kirby =Protoparce Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, carolina (Linnaeus) Butler potato) Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, =Protoparce griseata Butler Atropa belladonna (deadly Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, =Protoparce jamaicensis nightshade), Cestrum Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Butler =Protoparce leucoptera floribundum, Datura Lucia, St. Vincent and the Rothschild and Jordan stramonium (kecubung, Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and =Protoparce sexta (Linnaeus) jimsonweed), Datura wrightii, Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela, Rothschild & Jordan Kallstroemia parviflora, Oceania:Papua New Guinea =Protoparce sexta luciae Verbena spp., Nicotiana Gehlen =Protoparce sexta sylvestris, Physalis viscosa peruviana Bryk=Protoparce (sticky physalis), Solanum sexta saliensis Kernbach elaeagnifolium (silverleaves =Sphinx caestri Blanchard nightshade), Solanum =Sphinx carolina Linnaeus grandiflorum =Sphinx eurylochus Philippi =Sphinx lycopersici Boisduval=Sphinx nicotianae Boisduval =Sphinx paphus Cramer =Sphinx sexta Linnaeus =Sphinx tabaci
89 Boisduval =; Lepidoptera: Sphingidae; tomato hornworm, tobacco hornworm, Carolina sphinx (USA), tomato sphinx 158.Mayetiola destructor(Say); II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (=Cecidomyia wheat) biji America: Canada, USA destructor=Cecidomyia Agropyron spp., Hordeum Asia: Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Syria, frumentaria vulgare (barli, barley), Secale Turkey Rondani=Chortomyia cereale (rye) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia secalina Loew=Mayetiola and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, mimeuri Mesnil=Mayetiola Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, secalis Bollow=Phytophaga France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, cerealis Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Rondani=Phytophaga Macedonia, destructor); Diptera: Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Cecidomyiidae; hessian fly Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK Oceania: New Zealand 159.Myopardalis pardalina II Cucumis sativus (mentimun, buah, media Asia: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Biggot; Diptera: Tephritidae; cucumber), Cucumis melo tanam, tanah Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, India, Baluchistan fruit fly (melon, melon), Cucurbita Pakistan, Afghanistan maxima (waluh, labu parang, Europe: Russia pumpkin), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cucurbitaceae 160.Mythimna unipuncta II Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang, daun, Africa: Mali, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Haworth; (=Cirphis unipuncta Brassica oleracea var. italica tanah Somalia,Togo Haworth=Heliophila (brokoli, broccoli), Hordeum America: Argentina, Bahamas, Butl.=Heliophila unipuncta vulgare (barley), Saccharum Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Haworth=Leucania antica officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
90 Walker=Leucania extranea Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Guenée=Leucania tobacco), Zea mays (jagung, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, saccharivora Butl.=Leucania corn), Oryza sativa (padi, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela unipuncta Haworth=Leucania paddy), Sorghum bicolor Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, unipuncta tseki (sorgum, sorghum), rumput Turkey, Uzbekistan Koutsaftikis=Noctua dan serealea lainnya (Poaceae Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, unipuncta and other cerealia), Panicum France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Haworth=Pseudaletia miliaceum (millet), Secale Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, adultera=Pseudaletia cereale (rye), Triticum (wheat), Malta, Netherlands, Poland, unipuncta Zea mays subsp. mays Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, (Haworth)=Pseudaletia (jagung manis, sweetcorn) Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK unipuncta quecha Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Franclemont=Sideridis (cauliflower), Brassica unipuncta Haworth); oleracea var. gemmifera Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; rice (Brussels sprouts), armyworm, American army Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), worm, American wainscot, Turfgrasses, Medicago sativa armyworm, armyworm, (alfalfa, lucerne), Trifolium American, armyworm, true, spp. (clovers), Allium spp. rice cutworm, true (onions, garlic, leek, armyworm, white-speck etc.), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Phaseolus spp. (beans), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Trifolium (clovers), turfgrasses 161.Myzaphis II Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, daun, Africa: South Africa rosarumKaltenbach; bunga Hemiptera: Aphididae; lesser rose aphid
91 162.Naupactus leucoloma II Solanum tuberosum (kentang, batang, daun, Africa: South Africa Boheman; (=Graphognathus potato), Trifolium repens, umbi, tanah, America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, leucolomaBuchanan; = pastures, Medicago sativa akar Peru, USA, Uruguay Pantomorus leucoloma); (alfalfa, lucerne), Arachys Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Coleoptera: Curculionidae; hypogaea (kacang tanah, white fringed weevil, white peanut) fringed beetle Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) 163.Nematocerus spp.; II Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, daun, Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Coleoptera: Curculionidae; wheat), Zea mays (jagung, biji Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda shiny cereal weevil corn), cerealia, legumes, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) 164.Oberea bimaculatusLeconte; II Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, daun, America: America. Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; bunga raspberry cane borer 165.Olenecamtus II Artocarpus integra, A. hissuta, batang, kayu, Asia: India, Pakistan bilobusFabricius; Coleoptera: Mangifera indica(mangga, kulit kayu Cerambycidae ; Longhorn mango), Morusa alba beetle. 166.Ophiomyia simplex(Loew); II Asparagus officinalis batang, daun, America: USA (=Agromyza simplex (Loew)= (asparagus, asparagus) akar Europe: France Melanagromyza simplex (Loew) ); Diptera: Agromyzidae; asparagus miner 167.Opogona II Ananas comosus (nenas, batang, daun, Africa: Cape Verde, Madagascar, sacchariBojer;(=Alucita pineapple), Bambusa bunga, bibit, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, sacchari Bojer=Gelechia (bamboo), Dracaena, umbi Réunion, Saint Helena, Seychelles,
92 ligniferalla Walker=Gelechia Hippeastrum, Musa (pisang, South Africa sanctaehelenae banana), Polyphagous America: Barbados, Bermuda, Walker=Hieroxestis (polyphagous), Saccharum Honduras, USA, Brazil, Peru, ligniferella=Hieroxestis officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Venezuela plumipes Butler=Hieroxestis Strelitzia, Yucca, Zea mays Asia: China, Israel, Japan sanctaehelenae (jagung, corn) Europe: Germany, Italy, Walker=Hieroxestis Alpinia, Begonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, subcervinella Bougainvillea spectabilis Spain, Switzerland Walker=Laverna plumipes (Bougainvilla), Bromeliaceae, Europe: Germany,Italy, Netherlands, Butler=Opogona Cactaceae (cacti),Capsicum Poland, Portugal, Russian, Spain, sanctaehelenae (peppers), Chamaedorea, Switzerland Walker=Opogona Chamaedorea elegans subcervinella (Walker) =Tinea (parlour palm), Cordyline, subcervinella Walker ); Dieffenbachia (dumbcanes), Lepidoptera; Tineidae; Dioscorea (gembili, yam), banana moth, sugarcane Euphorbia pulcherrima moth (poinsettia), Ficus, Heliconia, Hippeastrum, Maranta (arrowroot), Philodendron, Saintpaulia (african violet), Sansevieria (snake plant), Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine) 168.Oryctes boasFabricius; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; coconut), Elaeis guineensis media tanam, Burundi, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, rhinoceros beetle, scarabeid (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), tanah Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, oryctes boas Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, dates-palm) Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Washingtonia (wshington- Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, palm) Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
93 Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Saudi Arabia, Yemen 169.Oryctes elegansPrell; II Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, batang, daun, Africa: Mauritius Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; dates-palm) media tanam, Asia: Iran rhinoceros beetle tanah 170.Oryctes monoceros(Olivier); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, (=Oryctes blucheaui coconut), Elaeis guineensis media tanam, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Fairmaire=Oryctes insularis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), tanah Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Coquerel=Scarabaeus Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, Guinea, Guyana, Kenya, Liberia, monoceros Olivier); dates-palm) Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Agave sisalana (sisal hemp), Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, rhinoceros beetle; coconut Areca spp., Dracaena spp., Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Senegal, beetle Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Raphia spp., Saccharum South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Togo, Uganda Asia: Saudi Arabia, Yemen 171.Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner; II Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, (=Botys nubilalis Robin & Echinochloa crus-galli buah, biji Morocco, Tunisia Laboulbène=Botys (barnyard grass), Hordeum America: Canada, USA silacealisHübner=Micracris vulgare (barley), Humulus Asia: China, Georgia, Iran, Israel, nubilalis=Micractis nubilalis lupulus (hops), Pennisetum Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Hübner=Pyralis nubilalis glaucum (pearl), rerumputan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Hübner=Pyrausta nubilalis (Poaceae), Sorghum bicolor Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Meyrick=Pyrausta silacealis); (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Lepidoptera: Crambidae; halepense (Johnson grass), France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, European maize borer, serealia lainnya (cerealia), Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, European corn borer, corn Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, moth, stalk borer Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zea Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, mays subsp. mays Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, (sweetcorn) Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Amaranthus hybridus (bayam,
94 spinach), Amaranthus spp. (grain amaranth), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Arctium minus (common burdock), Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Chrysanthemum spp., Capsicum spp. (peppers), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cynara scolymus var. Scolymus (artisyok, globeartichoke), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Humulus lupulus (hop), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Populus (poplars), Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Vigna spp. (cowpea), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat), Xanthium (Cocklebur) 172.Otiorhyncus sulcatus II Pinus batang, kulit Africa: Egypt
95 Fabricius; Coleoptera: kayu, kayu America: USA, Colombia, Chile, Curculionidae; black pine Canada weevil Asia: Japan Europe: Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 173.Oulema oryzaeKuw.; (Lema II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Asia: China, Japan, Korea oryzae); Coleoptera: Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chrysomelidae; rice leaves Belarus, Estonia, beetle Georgia,Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine 174.Pachydissus sericusNewman; II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, Oceania: Australia Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; kulit kayu longhorn beetle 175.Pachymerus lacerdaeChevr.; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa buah, biji Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, (=Pachymerus olearius); sawit, oilpalm) Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Coleoptera: Bruchidae; palm Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, kernel borer Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela 176.Pachymerus nucleorum II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, buah, biji America: Brazil, Guyana France, Fabricius; (=Bruchus coconut), Elaeis guineensis Guyana, Paraguay nucleorum=Caryoborus (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) nucleorum); Coleoptera: Bruchidae; coconut borer,
96 kernel borer 177.Paleacrita vernataPeck.; II Ulmus spp., kayu hutan batang, daun, America: Canada, USA (=Alsophila vernata); lainnya (other forest tree) buah Lepidoptera: Geometridae; spring cankerworm 178.Papaipema nebrisGuenee; II Zea mays (jagung, corn), batang, daun, America: USA (=Papaipema nitela); cerealia bunga Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; stalk borer 179.Parallelodiplosis II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang, daun, America: USA cattleyaeMolliard; Diptera: bunga Cecydomiidae; cattleya midge 180.Parthenolecanium corni II Crataegus (hawthorns), Malus bunga, buah, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya Bouché;(= Coccus rosarum (ornamental species apple), daun, batang, America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Snellen van Volenhoven in Mespilus germanica (medlar), bibit tanaman Chile, Mexico, USA, Peru De Graaf et al.=Coccus tiliae Morus alba (mora), Prunus Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Fitch=Eulecanium corni corni (stone fruit), Prunus domestica Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, (Bouché); (plum), Prunus persica (persik. India,Iran, Israel, Schmutterer=Eulecanium peach), Populus (poplars), Japan,Kazakhstan, Korea DPR(North fraxini King=Eulecanium Prunus salicina (Japanese Korea), Republic of Korea (South guignardi King=Eulecanium plum), Prunus serotina (black Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, kansasense (Hunter) cherry), Pyracantha coccinea Mongolia,Pakistan, Syria, King=Eulecanium rosae (Scarlet firethorn), Ribes Tajikistan,Turkey, Turkmenistan, King=Eulecanium vini (currants), Ribes nigrum Uzbekistan (Bouché) Cockerell=Lecanium (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum Europe: Albania, Austria,Belarus, (Eulecanium) armeniacum (red currant), Rosa (mawar, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Craw; Cockerell & roses), Vitis vinifera (anggur, Herzegovina, Czech, Croatia, Cyprus, Parrott=Lecanium grapevineAcer (maples), Denmark, Finland, France, (Eulecanium) assimile Aesculus Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Newstead; Reh= hippocastanum(horse Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
97 Lecanium (Eulecanium) chestnut), Aphelandra Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, aurantiacum squarrosa (Zebra plant), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Hunter=Lecanium Buxus sempervirens (common Russia, Serbia,Montenegro, (Eulecanium) canadense boxwood), Carpinus betulus Macedonia,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Cockerell; Cockerell & (hornbeam), Celtis occidentalis Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Parrott=Lecanium (hackberry), Citrus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (Eulecanium) caryarum aurantiifolia (lime), Clematis Cockerell=Lecanium vitalba (old man's beard), (Eulecanium) corylifex Fitch; Cornus (Dogwood), Cornus Cockerell=Lecanium sanguinea (dogwood), (Eulecanium) crawii Corylus, Corylus avellana Ehrhorn; Cockerell & (hazel), Cotoneaster, Cydonia Parrott=Lecanium oblonga (quince), Euonymus (Eulecanium) cynosbati europaeus, Fraxinus (ashes), Fitch; Cockerell & Jasminum (jasmine), Juglans Parrott=Lecanium regia (walnut), Lonicera (Eulecanium) fitchii Signoret; (honeysuckles), Magnolia Cockerell & grandiflora (Southern Parrott=Lecanium magnolia), Malus domestica (Eulecanium) kingii (apel, apple), Mespilus Cockerell=Lecanium germanica (medlar), Morus (Eulecanium) lintneri alba (mora), Populus Cockerell & Bennett; (poplars), Prunus salicina Cockerell=Lecanium (Japanese plum), (Eulecanium) maclurarum Prunus serotina (black cherry), Cockerell=Lecanium Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet (Eulecanium) ribis Fitch; firethorn), Pyrus (pir, pears), Cockerell & Pyrus communis (European Parrott=Lecanium pear), Ribes uva-crispa (Eulecanium) rugosum (gooseberry), Robinia Signoret; pseudoacacia(black locust), Cockerell=Lecanium Rosmarinus officinalis
98 (Eulecanium) tarsale (rosemary), Rubus Signoret; Cockerell & (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus Parrott=Lecanium idaeus (raspberry), Salix (Eulecanium) vini Bouché; (willows), Sorbus (rowan), King & Reh=Lecanium Spiraea, Taxus baccata adenostomae (English yew), Tilia (limes), Kuwana=Lecanium Ulmus (elms), Vaccinium armeniacum Craw=Lecanium myrtillus (blueberry), assimile Newstead=Lecanium Viburnum), Wisteria sinensis canadense Cockerell; (purple wisteria) Cockerell=Lecanium caryaecanadense Cockerell=Lecanium corni Bouché=Lecanium corni robiniarum Marchal=Lecanium coryli (Linnaeus); Sulc (misidentification)=Lecanium corylifex Fitch =Lecanium crawii Ehrhorn=Lecanium cynosbati Fitch=Lecanium fitchii Signoret=Lecanium folsomi King=Lecanium juglandifex Fitch=Lecanium kansasense Hunter=Lecanium lintneri Cockerell & Bennett in Cockerell=Lecanium maclurae Hunter=Lecanium obtusum Thro=Lecanium persicae crudum Green=Lecanium
99 pruinosumarmeniacum Craw; Tyrell=Lecanium rehi King in King & Reh=Lecanium ribis Fitch=Lecanium robiniarum Douglas=Lecanium rugosum Signoret=Lecanium tarsalis Signoret=Lecanium vini Bouché=Lecanium websteri King=Lecanium wistariae Signoret=Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); Borchsenius=Parthenolecani um coryli (Linnaeus); Sulc (misidentification)); Hemiptera: Coccidae; European fruit lecanium brown scale; European fruit scale; peach scale; yew scale; fruit scale 181.Pemphigus betaeDoane; II Beta spp. batang, daun, America: Canada, Mexico, USA Hemiptera: Aphididae; umbi sugarbit root aphid 182.Peridroma sauciaHubner; II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), batang, daun, Africa: Morocco, Tunisia (=Agrotis angulifera Brassica oleracea (cabbages, bunga America: Argentina, Bermuda, =A.impacta =A.inermis cauliflowers), Brassica Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, =A.intecta =A.ortonii oleracea var. capitata (kubis, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, =A.saucia =Lycophotia cabbage), B. oleracea var. Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, margaritosa =L.ochronota botrytis (bunga kol, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela =L.saucia =Noctua aequa cauliflower), Capsicum Asia: Armenia, China, Israel, Japan, =N.majuscula =N.margaritosa annuum (paprika, bell- Republic of Korea (South Korea), Sri =N.saucia =Rhyacia pepper), Cynara scolymus Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey margaritosa =R.saucia (artisyok, artichoke), Lactuca Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium,
100 =Peridroma margaritosa); sativa (selada, lettuce), Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, Canary Island, Croatia, Czech, variegated cutworm, pearly tomato), Solanum tuberosum Denmark, Faroes Island, Finland, underwing moth (kentang, potato), Medicago France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, tobacco) Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Abies balsamea (balsam fir), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Abies grandis (grand fir), Acer Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, (maples),Acer negundo (box Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK elder), Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Alnus rubra (red alder), Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern), Aster, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Amelanchier canadensis (thicket serviceberry), Anthemis cotula (dog fennel), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica spp, Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet),
101 Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Cirsium (thistle), Citrus lemon (lemon), Chamaecyparis thyoides (atlantic whitecedar), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Conyza canadensis, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dahlia, Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Dianthus (carnation), Epilobium angustifolium (rosebay willowherb), Erigeron (Fleabane), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Geranium
102 (cranesbill), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Gleditsia triacanthos, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Humulus lupulus (hop), Inula helenium (Elecampane), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Lolium spp. (ryegrasses), Maclura pomifera (osage orange), Malus domestica(apel, apple), Mentha piperita, Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Melilotus albus (honey clover), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Morus alba (mora), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Petunia, Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Phleum pratense (timothy), Persea americana (avokad, avocado),
103 Pimenta dioica (allspice), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pimenta dioica, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plum), Pyrus communis (pir,pear), Portulaca oleracea, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pteridium aquilinum, Picea glauca (white spruce), Pisum sativum (pea), Plantago (Plantain), Polygonum (knotweed), Populus (poplars), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), Pyrus communis (European pear), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Rhus (Sumach), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rosa (roses), Rubus idaeus, Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus idaeus(raspberry), Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rumex (Dock), Salix
104 (willows), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Secale cereale (rye), Sinapis alba (white mustard),Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media,Solidago (Goldenrod), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Trifolium (clovers), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), turfgrasses, Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vicia (vetch), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Viola (violet), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zea mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte), Zinnia 183.Phenacoccus II Avena sativa (oats), Capsicum batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, gossypiiTownsend & annuum (bell pepper), Citrus, bunga Cape Verde, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Cockerell; (=Phenacoccus Coleus, Gossypium barbadens Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, madeirensis=Phenacoccus (kapas, cotton), Hibiscus Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, grenadensis=Phenacoccus (rosemallows), Lantana Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, harbisoni);Hemiptera: camara (lantana), Manihot Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Pseudococcidae; Mexican esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Togo, Zimbabwe mealybug, cassava mealybug Solanum melongena (terung, America:Antigua and Barbuda,
105 eggplant, aubergine), Solanum Bermuda, Bahama, Barbados, tuberosum (kentang, potato) British Virgin Islands, Brazil, Bolivia, Acacia (wattles), Acalypha Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, (Copperleaf), Ageratina Colombia, Dominica Republic, adenophora (Croftonweed), Ecuador, Guyana, Grenada, Ambrosia (Ragweed), Ananas Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, comosus (pineapple), Jamaica, Montserrat, Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), Mexico,Paraguay,Peru, Panama, Aster, Cajanus cajan Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, (pigeon pea), Cassia (sennas), Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Cestrum (jessamine), Cestrum USA, Venezuela nocturnum (night scented Asia: India, Philippines, Taiwan, cestrum), Codiaeum Thailand, Yemen (ornamental Europe: France, Greece, Italy, croton),Codiaeum variegatum Portugal, Spain (croton),Desmodium (tick Oceania: Guam, Federated State of clovers), Erigeron (Fleabane), Micronesia Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Geranium (cranesbill), Gesneriaceae, Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose), Lantana, Malvaceae, Mentha (mints),Mikania micrantha (mile-a-minute), Mimosa (sensitive plants), Ocimum basilicum (basil),Pachystachys, Parthenium hysterophorus(parthenium weed), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Ricinus communis (castor bean),
106 Sophora 184.Phorachant a semipunctata II Eucalyptus diverisicolor,E. batang, kayu, Africa: South Africa Fabricius; Coleoptera: globules,E. maidenii kulit kayu America: USA Cerambycidae; Eucalyptus Europe: France, Italy, Netherlands, longhorned borer Spain, Portugal 185.Phylloxer a vitifoliaeFitch.; II Vitis vinifera (anggur, batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Morocco, South (=Dactylosphaera vastatrix grapevine), Vitis aestivalis buah, bunga, Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe (Planchon=Dactylosphaera (Summer grape), Vitis akar America: Argentina, Bermuda, vitifoliae labrusca (fox grape), Vitis Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, (Shimer)=Daktulosphaira riparia (riverbank grape) Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, vitifoliae Uruguay, Venezuela Fitch=Daktylosphaera Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, vitifoliae Fitch=Pemphigus Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, vitifoliae Fitch=Peritymbia Jordan, Korea DPR (North vastatrix Fitch=Peritymbia Korea),Republic of Korea (South vitifoliae Korea), Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (Planchon)=Peritymbia Europe: Austria, Bosnia and vitisana Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Westwood=Phylloxera Czech, France, Germany, Greece, pervastatrix Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Börner=Phylloxera vastatrix Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, (Planchon)=Phylloxera vitifolii Montenegro, Portugal, Poland, (Fitch)=Rhizaphis vastatrix Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, (Planchon)=Viteus vastatrix Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, (Planchon)=Viteus vitifoliae); UK Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae; Oceania: Australia, New Zealand phylloxera, grape phylloxera, vine louse, grape leaf louse 186.Pieris rapae.; (=Artogeia II Brassica spp., Brassica batang, daun Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, rapae =Ascia rapae oleracea (cabbage, Morocco =Mancipium rapae =Papilio cauliflowers), Brassica America: Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, rapae =Pontia rapae); oleracea var. botrytis (bunga USA
107 Lepidoptera: Pieridae; kol, cauliflower), Brassica Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, cabbage butterfly, cabbage oleracea var. capitata (kubis, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, white butterfly, common cabbage), Brassica oleracea Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR cabbage worm, imported var. gemmifera (Brussels (North Korea),Republic of Korea cabbage worm, rape white sprouts), Brassica oleracea (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, butterfly, small white var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, butterfly Brassica oleracea var. italica Philippines, Singapore, Syria, (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam oleracea var. viridis(collards), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brassica rapa cultivar group Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Caixin, Brassica rapa subsp. Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, oleifera (turnip rape), Brassica Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, rapa subsp. pekinensis, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Brassicaceae (cruciferous Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, crops), Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Alliaria petiolata(garlic Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, mustard), Cakile maritima, Slovenia, Spain, Erysimum cheiranthoides Sweden,Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, (Treacle mustard), Rorippa Serbia indica (indian marshcress), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Spinacia oleracea (Spinach), Tropaeolum majus(common nasturtium) 187.Piesarthrus II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, Oceania: Australia marginellusNewman; kulit kayu Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;acacia longhorn beetle 188.Pimelephila II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa batang, daun Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central ghesquiereiTams.; sawit, oilpalm), Raphia African Republic, Congo,DR Congo, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; Cocos nucifera (kelapa, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- African spir borer coconut) Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia,
108 Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 189.Pissodes strobi Peck; II Picea abies (common spruce), batang, kayu America: Canada, Mexico, USA (=Pissodes engelmanni Picea engelmannii (Engelmann Hopkins =Pissodes sitchensis spruce), Picea glauca (white Hopkins); Coleoptera: spruce), Picea sitchensis Curculionidae;sitka spruce (Sitka spruce), Pinus weevil banksiana (jack pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus balfourina, P. densifola, P. flexilis, P. griffithii, P. montocola, P. mugo, P. ponderosa, P. rigida, P. syvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii Picea mariana (black spruce), Picea omorika (Pancic spruce), Picea pungens (blue spruce), Picea rubens (red spruce), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine),Pinus flexilis (limber pine),Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine), Pinus monticola (western white pine), Pinus mugo (mountain pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus parviflora (Japanese white pine), Pinus peuce(macedonian pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus strobiformis (southwestern
109 white pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus tecunumanii (tecun uman pine), Pinus wallichiana (blue pine) 190.Planococcoides II Theobroma cacao (kakao, tunas, batang, Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, njalensisLaing; cocoa), Persea americana daun, buah Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, (=Pseudococcus njalensis (avokad, avocado) Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & =P.exitiabilis); Hemiptera: Ananas comosus (nenas, Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Pseudococcidae; Northwest pineapple), Bombax African cocoa mealybug buonopozense (silk-cotton tree), Ceiba pentandra (kapok), Clerodendrum (Fragrant clerodendron), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee), Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee tree), Cola acuminata(cola), Delonix regia (flamboyant), Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Gliricidia sepium (mother of cocoa), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae 191.Planococcus kenyae Le II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, tunas, batang, Africa:Burundi, DR Congo, Congo, Pelley;(=Planococcus pigeon pea), Citrus spp.(jeruk, daun, bunga, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, subukiaensis=Pseudococcus orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, buah Nigeria, Rwanda, Siera Leone, kenyae=P.kenyaensis); coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; arabika, arabica coffee), Zimbabwe
110 coffee mealybug, Kenya Coffea canephora (kopi mealybug robusta, robusta coffee), Coffea eugenioides, Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Ipomoea batatas(ubi jalar, sweet potato), Passiflora spp. (passion flower), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Acacia spp. (wattles), Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Carissa edulis (egyptian carissa), Codiaeum variegatum (croton), Erythrina abyssinica (red hot poker tree), Gardenia, Gliricidia, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Indigofera spp., (indigo), Impatiens (balsam), Inga, Jacaranda mimosifolia (Brazilian rose wood), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Phaseolus (beans), Psidium guajava (jambu batu, guava), Pueraria lobata, Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Sesbania grandiflora
111 (turi, agati), Sesbania sesban (sesban), Solanum (nightshade), Solanum seaforthianum (star potato- vine), Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) 192.Platyomopsis egena Pascoe; II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, Oceania: Australia Coleoptera: Cerambycidae kulit jayu 193.Platyomopsis nigrovireus II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, Oceania: Australia Donovan; Coleoptera: kulit kayu Cerambycidae;green striped longhorn beetle
194.Popilia japonicaNewman; II Acer spp., Asparagus batang, daun, America: Canada, USA (=Aserica japonica=A. officinalis(asparagus, bunga, akar, Asia: China, India, Japan, Korea japonica=Maladera asparagus), Glycine max tanah Europe: Portugal, Russia japonica=Serica japonica); (kedelai, soyabean), Malus Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; domesticum (apel, apple), Japanese beetle, velvety buah batu (stone fruit), chafer Rheum hybridum, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus spp.(raspberry), Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) Aesculus spp., Althaea spp., Castanea spp., Hibiscus spp., Juglans nigra, Platanus spp., Populus spp., Salix spp., Sorbus americana, Sassafras albidum, Betula spp., turfgrasses. 195.Prionoryctes canniculusArr.; II Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), batang, daun, Africa: all
112 Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Dioscorea esculenta umbi yam beetle 196.Prostephanus truncatus II Dried cassava (gaplek), Zea umbi kering, Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Horn.; (=Dinoderus mays (jagung, corn), Manihot biji Burundi, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, truncates); Coleoptera: esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Bostrichidae; larger grain stored products (dried stored Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, borer, greater grain borer, products) South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, scania beetle S): Arachis hypogaea (kacang Zambia tanah, peanut), Dioscorea sp. America:Brazil, Canada, Colombia, (gembili, yam), Phaseolus Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, vulgaris (buncis, common Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, bean), Sorghum bicolor Panama, Peru, USA (sorgum, sorghum), Triticale Asia:Cambodia spp., Triticum aestivum Europe:France,Italy (gandum, wheat) 197.Protomelittoma insulare II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang Africa: Madagascar, Seychelles. Fairmaire; Coleoptera: coconut), Elaeis guineensis Lymexylidae; stem borer (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) 198.Pseudococcus aurilanatus II A. Excelsia, Araucaria spp. batang, kayu Africa: Kenya, Uganda Maskell; Hemiptera: America: Canada, Mexico, USA Psudococcidae; Golden Oceania: Australia, New Zealand mealybug, yellow banded mealybug 199.Pseudococcus calceolariae II Abutilon (Indian Mallow), bibit tanaman, Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, Maskell;(=Dactylopius Arachis hypogaea (kacang bagian Morocco, Namibia, South Africa calceolariae (Maskell), Erium tanah, peanut), Brachychyton, tanaman America: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, calceolariae ((Maskell) Brassica, Ceanothus (white- Central America, Colombia, Chile, Lindinger), Pseudococcus thorne), Chenopodium Dominican Republic, Ecuador, citrophilus (Clausen), P. (Goosefoot), Citrus medica French Guiana, Mexico, USA, fragilis Brain; P. gahani (citron), Conium maculatum Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Green, P. (Poison hemlock), Crataegus, Asia: China, Georgia
113 similans);Hemiptera: (hawthorns), Cynodiaoblonga Europe: Czech, France, Italy, Pseudococcidae; scarlet (quince), Daucus carota Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, mealybug, Citrophilus (wortel, carrot), Dodonaea Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, UK mealybug, currant mealybug viscosa (switsch sorrel), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Eugenia, Ficus, Fragaria (stroberi, strawberry), Geranium (cranesbill), Hedera helix (ivy), Helianthusspp. (sunflower), Heliotropium arborescens (cherry pie), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Juglans regia (walnut), Laburnum anargyroides (laburnum), Ligustrum (privet), Lolium spp (ryegrasses), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Malva (mallow), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Nerium oleander (oleander), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Pittosporum tobira (japanese pittosporum), Pittosporum undulatum (pittosporum), Polyscias, Prunus, (stone fruit), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rheum hybridum, (rhubarb), Rhododendron (Azalea), Ribes
114 sanguineum (Flowerring currant), Rosa (mawar, roses), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry) Schinus molle (false pepper tree), Sechium edulle (chayotte), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) 200.Pseudotheraptus wayi II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang, Africa: Kenya, South Africa, Brown; (=Theraptus sp. coconut), Anacardium bunga, buah Tanzania (Way)); Hemiptera: Coreidae; occidentale (jambu mete, coconut bug cashew-nut), Macadamia spp., Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut), Cinnamomum myanmarnii (bark of kayu manis, cassia vera), Cinnamomum verum (kayu manis, cinnamon), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, starfruit),Carya illinoinensis(pecan), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado)
115 201.Psila rosaeFab.; II Petroselinum crispum (parseli, umbi, media America: Canada, USA (=Chamaepsila rosae = parsley), Pastinaca sativa ( tanam, tanah Asia: Georgia, Japan, Mongolia, Musca rosae =Chamaepsila parsnip), Apium graveolens Turkey hennigi); Diptera: Psilidae; (seledri, celery), Apium Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, carrot root fly, carrot rust fly graveolens var. rapaceum Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Finland, (celeriac), Daucus carota France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, (wortel, carrot), Carum carvi Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, (jinten, caraway), Levisticum Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, officinale (lovage), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Anethum graveolens (dill), Ukraine, UK Anthriscus cerefolium, Oceania: New Zealand Brassica, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, corriander), Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock), Foeniculum vulgare (adas pedas, fennel), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish) 202.Psorosina hammondiRiley.; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang, daun, America: Canada, USA Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; apple Prunus persica (persik, buah leaves skeletonizer peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), nektarin, other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) 203.Pyrrhia umbraHufnagel; II Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, batang, daun, Asia:Republic of Korea (South Korea) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; rose tomato) bunga Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, budworm, tobacco striped Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, caterpillar Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Russia
116 204.Recilia micaKramer; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa tunas, batang, Africa:West Africa, Ivory Coast Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; sawit, oilpalm) daun cicadellid leaveshopper 205.Rhagoletis cerasiL; (= Musca II Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), buah, media Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, cerasi = Rhagoletis cerasi Prunus avium (sweet cherry), tanam, tanah Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, fasciata=R. cerasi nigripes Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan =R. cerasi obsoleta =R. cherry), Prunus serotina (black Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi cherry) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta Malus domestica (apel, apple), Czech, Denmark, Estonia, France, signata =Urophora cerasorum Prunus americana (aprikot, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, =Urophora liturata=Zonosema apricot), Prunus persica Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, cerasi); Diptera: Tephritidae; (persik, peach), Pyrus Montenegro, Macedonia, Europeancherryfruit fly, communis (pir, pear), Prunus Netherlands, Norway, Poland, cherry fruit fly domesticum (plum), Lonicera Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, xylosteum (Fly honeysuckle) Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine 206.Rhagoletis cingulataLoew.; II Prunus avium (sweet cherry), buah, media America: Canada, Mexico, USA (=Trypeta (Rhagoletis) Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), tanam, tanah Europe: Austria, Croatia, France, cingulata=Trypeta cingulata); Prunus serotina (black cherry), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Diptera: Tephritidae; Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Slovenia, Switzerland cherryfruit fly Prunus domesticum (plum) Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus virginiana (commonchokecherrytree) 207.Rhagoletis faustaOsten II Prunus avium (sweet cherry), buah, media America: Canada, USA Sacken; (=Acidia fausta = Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) tanam, tanah Rhagoletisintrudens =Trypeta Malus domesticum (apel,
117 (Acidia) fausta=T.fausta); apple), Prunus americana Diptera: Tephritidae; black (aprikot, apricot), Prunus (dark) cherry fruit fly emarginata (bitter cherry tree), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree) 208.Rhagoletis pomonellaWalsh.; II Malus domestic a (apel, apple) buah, media America: Canada, Mexico, USA. (= Rhagoletis symphoricarpi Amelanchier (serviceberries), tanam, tanah =Spilographa pomonella Aronia (chockeberry), Cornus =Trypetapomonella florida (Flowering dogwood), =Zonosema pomonella); Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster Diptera: Tephritidae; apple apiculatus, Cotoneaster maggot fly, railroad worm coriaceus, Cotoneaster integerrimus, Crataegus (hawthorns), Crataegus crus- galli (Cockspur hawthorn), Crataegus douglasii (black hawthorn), Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Crataegus suksdorfii, Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus baccata (siberian crab apple), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus angustifolia
118 (Mountain cherry tree), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domestica (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus emarginata (Bitter cherry tree), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree), Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree), Rosa (roses), Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose), Rosa virginiana (Virginia rose), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Sorbus scopulina 209.Rhynchophorus palmarumL.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang, daun America: Argentina, Barbados, Coleoptera: Curculionidae; coconut), Elaeis guineensis Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, boring weevil (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana dates-palm), Saccharum France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Phoenix canariensis Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Artocarpus communis (sukun, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto breadfruit), Ananas comosus Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
119 (nenas, pineapple), Annona Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and reticulata, Carica papaya Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) 210.Rhynchophorus phoenicis II Phoenix spp, Cocos nucifera batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, DR L.;Coleoptera: Curculionidae; (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis titik tumbuh Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, boring weevil guineensis (kelapa sawit, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, oilpalm) Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda 211.Sa cadodes pyralisDyar.; II Gossypium barbadens buah, batang, America:Colombia, Costa Rica, El Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; (kapas, cotton) daun, bunga, Salvador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Colombian pink bollworm, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, tanah Panama,Paraguay,Trinidad and pink cotton boll worm, lady’s finger), Cienfuegosia Tobago, Venezuela Thurberia bollworm, affinis, Hibiscus sabdariffa Trinidad bollworm, South American red bollworm, sugarcane stalk borer, South American bollworm 212.Saccharosydne II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, daun, America: Antigua and Barbuda, saccharivoraWestwood; sugarcane) bunga Bahama, Barbados, Caribbean (=Delphax saccharivora Island, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, =Stenocranus saccharivorus); Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Hemiptera: Delphacidae; Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto West indian cane fly, West Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Indian sugarcane Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago,
120 leaveshopper USA, Venezuela
213.Sahlbergella singularisHagl.; II Theobroma cacao (kakao, batang, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, (=Sahlbergella theobroma); cocoa), Cola nitida(bitter cola) buah Central Africa, DR Congo, Congo, Heteroptera: Miridae; mirids, Bombax buonopozense(silk- Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, brown capsid, cocoa capsid, cotton tree), Ceiba pentandra Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sao cocoa capsidstem sapper (kapuk randu, kapok), Cola Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Togo, spp., Gossypium barbadens Uganda (kapas, cotton), Theobroma spp., Theobroma bicolor (nicaraguan cocoa), Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu) 214.Scolytus rugulosusMuller; II Malus domesticum (apel, batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, (=Eccoptogaster apple), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, buah Morocco,Tunisia mediterraneus =E. rugulosus cherry), Prunus persica America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, =Scolytus mediterraneus (persik, peach), Pyrus Chile, Peru, USA, Uruguay =Ruguloscolytus communis (pir, pear), Prunus Asia: Afghanistan, Georgia, Iran, mediterraneus =R. domesticum (plam, plum), Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, rugulosus); Coleoptera: other stone fruit (buah batu Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Scolytidae;shoot hole borer, lainnya) Turkmenistan apple tree beetle, fruit tree Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, bark beetle, shot-hole borer Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Russia, Serbia,
121 Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK 215.Sesamia calamistis Hamps.; II Zea mays (jagung, corn), batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, (=Sesamia mediastriga, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Sesamia vuteria); sorghum), Pennisetum Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; glaucum(pearl millet), Triticum Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, African pink stem borer, aestivum (gandum, wheat), Kenya,Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, African pink borer of Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, sugarcane, Mauritius pink Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Senegal, borer of sugarcane, pink sugarcane), cerealia. Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, stalk borer of sugarcane, Carex (sedges), Cyperus Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, southern pink borer of papyrus, Poaceae (grasses) Zimbabwe sugarcane 216.Sesamia creticaLederer; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), batang, daun Africa: Algeria, Cameroon, Chad, (=Sesamia cretica Pennisetum glaucum(pearl Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, rufescens=S.cyrnaea millet), Saccharum officinarum Lesotho, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Niger, =S.griselda =S.pecki (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, =S.uniformis =S.vuteria bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Tunisia vuterioides); Lepidoptera: Triticum aestivum (gandum, Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Noctuidae;corn stem borer, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, greater sugarcane borer, corn) Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Panicum miliaceum (millet), Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, sorghum) stem borer, stem Poaceae (grasses) Uzbekistan, Yemen corn borer, durra stem borer, Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia corn pink borer, large corn and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, borer, pink sugarcane borer, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, sugarcane pink borer, Montenegro, Portugal, Russia, sorghum borer Slovenia, Spain, Serbia 217.Sirex noctilio Fabricius; II Pinus banksiana (jack pine), batang, kayu Africa: South Africa Hymenoptera: Siricidae; Pinus canariensis (Canary America: Canada, USA, Argentina, woodwasp, steel blue, pine), Pinus contorta Brazil, Chile, Uruguay horntail, european (lodgepole pine), Pinus Asia: Georgia (Republic), Mongolia
122 woodwasp, sirex wasp, densiflora (Japanese umbrella Europe: Austria, Belgium, Canary wood wasp, steel-blue pine), Pinus echinata Islands, Cyprus, Czech Republic and (shortleaves pine), Pinus Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, elliottii (slash pine), Pinus Finland, France, Germany, Greece, halepensis (Aleppo pine), Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine), Portugal, Romania, Russia, Siberia, Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia, palustris (longleaves pine), Spain, UK Pinus patula (Mexican Oceania: Australia, New Zealand weeping pine), Pinuspinaster (maritime pine), Pinuspinea (stone pine), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Abies (firs), Abies alba (silver fir), Larix (larches), Picea (spruces), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pseudotsuga(douglas-fir) 218.Sitophilus granariusL.; II Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji Africa: Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, (=Calandra granaria wheat), Hordeum vulgare Morocco, South Africa, Swaziland =Calendra granaria =Curculio (barli, barley), stored products America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, granarius); Coleoptera: (dried stored products) Mexico, USA Dryophthoridae; grain Arachys hypogaea (kacang Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Iraq, weevil, maize weevil, granary tanah, peanut), Avena Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, weevil sativa(oat, oats), Cicer Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, arietinum(chickpea), Thailand, Turkey, Yemen Helianthus annuus (bunga Europe:Austria, Belgium, Bosnia matahari, sunflower), Oryza and Herzegovina, Croatia,Czech, sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,
123 spp. (milets), Pennisetum spp. Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, (feather grass), Secale cereale Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, (rye), Sorghum bicolor Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK (sorgum, sorghum), Triticale Oceania: Australia spp., Vicia faba (faba or broad bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 219.Sophronica ventralis Auriv.; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang, daun, Africa Coleoptera: Scolytidae; berry biji, buah America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, borer Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana 220.Stenoma decora II Theobroma cacao (kakao, daun, buah America: Brazil Zeller;(=Cryptolechia decora cocoa) Zeller); Lepidoptera: Ceiba pentandra (kapuk Oecophoridae; cacao fruit randu, kapok) and shoot borer, shoot and pod borer 221.Stromatium barbatum II Citrus, Eucalyptus, Oak, batang, kayu Africa: Tanzania, Madagascar, Fabricius;Coleoptera: pines Mauritius Cerambycidae; Drywood Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Burma, longicorn beetle Pakistan, Nepal 222.Tagosodes cubanus II Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), batang, daun, Africa: Ivory Coast D.L.Crawford; Glycine max (kedelai, America: Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, (=Chloriona soyabean), Oryza sativa (padi, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Suriname, cubana=Dicranotropis paddy) Trinidad and Tobago, USA, cubanus =Sogatella cubana Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, Venezuela =Sogatodes cubanus=Sogata mungbean), Cicer aeritinum, cubana); Hemiptera: Lens esculenta (lentils) Delphacidae; paddy plant
124 hopper 223.Tagosodes orizicolusMuir.; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun America:Argentina, Belize, Brazil, (=Chloriona orizicola =Sogata Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, brazilensis=Sogata orizicola Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, =Tagosodes brazilensis Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, =Sogatodes brazilensis =S. Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, orizicolus =S.oryzicola =S. Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, orizicola =S. orizicolus); USA, Venezuela Hemiptera: Delphacidae; rice delphacid, rice leaveshopper 224.Toxotrypana curvicauda II Carica papaya (papaya, buah, media America: Bahama, Belize, Colombia, Gerstaecker; (=Mikimyia pawpaw, papaya) tanam, tanah Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican furcifera =Toxotrypana Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, fairbatesi); Diptera: Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Tephritidae, papaya fruit fly Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela. 225.Trichispa sericea Guerin- II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Meneville; Coleoptera: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Chrysomelidae; rice hispids Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda Europe: Spain 226.Trogoderma granarium II Arachys hypogaea (kacang biji, karung Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Everts; (=Trogoderma tanah, peanut), Gossypium goni/alat Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, affrum=Trogoderma khapra); hirsutum (kapas, cotton), pembungkus Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Coleoptera: Dermestidae; Hordeum vulgare(barley), bekas Sudan, Tunisia, Zambia, Zanzibar, kumbang kaphra/khapra Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), komoditi, Zimbabwe. beetle Panicum miliaceum (millet), makanan Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
125 Sesamum indicum (wijen, ternak India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Republic of sesame), Sorghum bicolor Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, (sorgum, sorghum), stored Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, products (dried stored Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, products), Triticum aestivum Yemen. (gandum, wheat), Zea mays Europe: Cyprus, Spain, Switzerland, (jagung, corn) dan serealia Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, lainnya Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Lithuania, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Turkmenistan, Latvia, Estonia, Helianthus annuus (bunga Georgia, Armenia, Tajikistan, matahari, sunflower), Kyrgyzstan, Moldova Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna unguiculata(cowpea) 227.Tryphocaria mastersi Pascoe; II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, Oceania: Australia Coleoptera: Cerambycidae ; kulit kayu Eucalypt ring barber 228.Undulambia polystichalis; II Leather Leaves Fern, Rumohra rimpang America: USA Lepidoptera: adiantiformis, Polypodium Crambidae;Leatherleaves scouleri, Pyrrosia eleagnifolia fern borer moth 229.Xestobiumrufovillosum De II Quercus (oak), Castanea batang, kayu America: NorthAmerica Geer;Coleoptera: Anobiidae; (chestnut), other hardwood Europe: England, France, deathwatch beetle wholeEurope Oceania: Australia 230.Xyleborus affinis Eichoff; II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, kayu, America: Brazil, Cuba, USA, Mexico, (=Xyleborus mascarensis sugarcane) kulit kayu Jamaica Eichhoff=Xyleborus sacchari Juglans nigra (black walnut), Europe: Italy Hopkins); Coleoptera: Macadamia integrifolia Scolytidae;shot-hole borer of (macadamia nut), Pinus sugarcane, ambrosia beetle (pines)
126 of oak 231.Xyleborus ferrugineusFab.; II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam), batang, kayu, Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, (=Xyleborus Euterpe edulis(assai palm), kulit kayu Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR confusus=X.fuscatus); Persea americana (avokad, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Coleoptera: Scolytidae; black avocado), Pinus elliottii(slash Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, twig borer, bark beetle pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, pine) Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leon, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Suriname,Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela. Asia:Republic of Korea (South Korea), Malaysia Oceania: American Samoa, Fiji, France Polynesian, Kiribati, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Island, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands
127 232.Xyloborinus saxesenii II Eucalyptus spp. bibit tanaman, Asia: China, India, Armenia, Batzeburg; Coleoptera: batang, kayu, Azerbeijan Scolytidae; Fruit tree pinhole kulit kayu Europe: all borer 233.Zonocerus elegans (Thunb.); II Allium ascalonicum (bawang seluruh Africa: Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, (=Acrydium sanguinolentum merah, shallot), Allium cepa bagian Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, =Gryllus elegans (bawang bombay, onion), tanaman, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, =Poekilocerus roseipennis); Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, tanah Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae; spinach), Amaranthus (grain Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, elegants grasshopper amaranth), Ananas comosus Zimbabwe (nenas, pineapple), Anacardium occidentale(jambu mete, cashew-nut), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops),Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Chromolaenaodorata(siam weed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Plumeria spp. (frangipani), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
128 cassava), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanaceae, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Persea americana (avokad, avocado) 234.Zonocerus variegatus L.; II Allium ascalonicum (bawang seluruh Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, (=Acrydium merah, shallot), Allium cepa bagian Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR sanguinolentum=Gryllus (bawang bombay, onion), tanaman, Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, (Locusta) variegatus=G. laevis Amaranthus (grain tanah Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, =G. opacus); Orthoptera: amaranth), Amaranthus Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Acrididae; variegated hybridus (bayam, spinach), Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, grasshopper Ananas comosus (nenas, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo pineapple), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashewnut), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops),Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Chromolaenaodorata(siam weed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Gossypium barbadens
129 (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Poaceae, Solanaceae, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Piper, Plumeria (frangipani) Cannabis sativa (hemp), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Tectona grandis (jati, teakwood) 235.Zygogramma II Helianthus annuus (bunga batang, daun, America: Canada, USA exclamationisFab.; matahari, sunflower) tanah, bunga (=Calligrapha exclamationis =Zygospila exclamationis =Chrysomela exclamationis); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; sunflower beetle
II. TUNGAU (MITES) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA MEDIA UMUM/ GOLONGAN INANG / DAERAH SEBAR / No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ / GROUP HOSTS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME
130 1. Aceria cajani II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, bagian Asia:Bangladesh, China, India, Channabasavanna; pigeon pea), Cajanus tanaman di Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand Prostigmata: Eriophydae; cajanifolius, Cajanus atas tanah pigeonpea mite platycarpus, Cajanus scarabaeoides (kacang gude, peanut grass), Cajanus sericeus 2. Aceria ficus Cotte; (=Aceria II Ficus carica (ara, fig) bagian Asia: Japan, India fici =Eriophyes fici =E.ficus); tanaman di Africa: all Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; fig atas tanah America: North America blister mite, fig mite, fig rust Eropa: all mite 3. Aculops lycopersici Tryon.; II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, bagian Africa: Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, (=Aculops destructor =Aculus tomato), Ipomoea batatas (ubi tanaman di Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco,, destructor =A.lycopersici jalar, sweet potato), Nicotiana atas tanah Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, =Phyllocoptes destructor tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe =P.lycopersici =Vasates Solanum melongena (terung, America: Antigua and Barbuda, destructor =V.lycopersici); eggplant), Solanum tuberosum Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; (kentang, potato) Cuba, Curaçao, Guyana France, tomato russet mite, tomato Capsicum annuum(cabai Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, mite besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Browallia americana, Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Convolvulus, Datura spp., Uruguay, Venezuela Petunia hybrida, Physalis Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, peruviana, Solanum spp., Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Republic of Convolvulus arvensis, Physalis Korea, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Sri minima Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Swedia, Ukraina, UK Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New
131 Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu 4. Aculops pelekassi Keifer; II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) bagian America: USA, Brazil (=Aculus pelekassi); tanaman di Asia: Republic of Korea (South Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; atas tanah Korea), Taiwan, Thailand pink citrus rust mite Europe: Italy, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 5. Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa; II Malus domestica (apel, apple) bagian Africa: Egypt, South Africa (=Aculus Pyrus communis (pir, pear), tanaman di America:Canada, USA, Chile malivagrans=Phyllocoptes Malus sylvestris (crab-apple atas tanah Asia: China, India, Japan, Lebanon, schlechtendali =Vasates tree) Pakistan, Turkey malivagrans =Vasates Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, schlechten-dali); Prostigmata: Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Eriophyidae; apple rust mite, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, apple bud mite, apple leaf Montenegro, Macedonia, France, mite, rusty leaf mite Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Swedia, Switzerland, Ukraina, UK Oceania: New Zealand, Australia 6. Brevipalpus californicus II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), bagian Africa: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Egypt, Bank.; (=Brevipalpus Citrus spp. tanaman di Libya, Mauritania, Mozambique, australis =B.browningi Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, atas tanah Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe =B.confusis =B. woglumi lady’s finger), Citharexylum America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, =Hystripalpus californicus quadrangulare, Cymbidium, Guyana France, Guyana, Honduras, =Tenuipalpus australis Cucurbita, Dendrobium, Mexico, USA =T.californicus =T.vitis); Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Prostigmata: sweetpotato), Musa spp. Malaysia, Mauritania, Nepal, Tenuipalpidae;citrus flat (pisang, banana), Vigna Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, mite, red flat mite, scarlet sinensis (buncis, common Thailand mite of tea, bunch mite bean), Phalaenopsis, Psidium Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, guajava (jambu biji, guava), Italy, Portugal, Russia
132 Pittosporum, Rhododendron, Oceania: Australia, Guam, New Robinia, Schinus Zealand, Papua New Guinea terebinthifolius, Sesbania sesban, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Chenopodium ambrosioides, Cinnamomum burmanii (kayu manis, cassiavera), Lablab purpureus, Solanum spp. 7. Bryobia rubrioculusScheuten; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), bagian Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, (=Bryobia arborea, Prunus avium, Prunus tanaman di Zimbabwe B.redikorzevi); Prostigmata: domestica, Prunus dulcis, atas tanah America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Tetranychidae; brown apple Prunus persica (persik, Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay mite, brown mite; brown, peach), Prunus spp., Pyrus Asia:Afghanistan, Azerbaijan,China, bryobia mite, pear bryobia communis (pir, pear), Pyrus Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, mites javonica (Japonica), Ulmus sp. Japan,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, (elm) Lebanon, Turkey, Uzbekistan Arachis hypogaea (kacang Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, tanah, groundnut, peanut), France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, cotton), Prunus salicina Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraina, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 8. Eotetranychus willamettei II Vitis vinifera (anggur, bagian America: USA McGregor; (=Tetranychus grapevine), Acernegundo, tanaman di willamettei =Tetranychus Quercusgarryana, atas tanah willametti); Prostigmata: Quercuslobata, Tetranychidae; willamette Eriogonumjamesi, mite Amelanchiersp., Malusdomestica (apel, apple),
133 Purshiatridentata, Pyruscommunis (pir, pear), Sorbusdomestica, Ulmussp. (elm) 9. Mononychellus tanajoa II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, bagian Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Bondar: (=Mononychellus tomato), Manihot esculenta tanaman di Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, caribbeanae =Mononychus (ubi kayu, cassava) atas tanah Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial tanajoa =Eotetranychus Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, caribbeanae =E.caribbeanus common bean), Vigna sinensis Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, = Tetranychus tanajoa); (kacang panjang, cowpea), Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; Zea mays (jagung, corn, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, cassava mite, cassava green maize) Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe mite America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Ekuador, Falklands, Guyana France, Guyana, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China Oceania: Australia, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands 10. Oligonychus peruvianus II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, bagian America:Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, McGregor: (=Homonychus cassava) tanaman di Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad peruvianus = Ceratonia siliqua, atas tanah and Tobago, Venezuela Paratetranychus peruvianus Citrusaurantium, Coffea =Paratetranychus trinitatis arabica (kopi, coffee), Daucus =Tetranychus peruvianus(Mc carota (wortel, carrot), Gregor) =Tetranychus Gossypium, Persea americana peruvensis =Tetranychus (avokad, avocado), Trifolium trinitatis); Prostigmata: repens, Vitis, Oxalis sp. Tetranychidae;cassava white
134 spot spider mite
11. Oligonychus yothersi II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), tanaman dan America: Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, McGregor; Prostigmata: Mangifera indica (mangga, bagian USA Tetranychidae; avocado red mango), tanaman di Asia: Iran mite Persea americana (Avokad, atas tanah avocado) 12. Panonychus ulmi Koch; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), daun, bagian Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, (=Paratetranychus ulmi Koch Pyrus communis (pir, pear), tanaman Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, = Metatetranychus ulmi Prunus persica(persik, peach), America: Argentina, Bermuda, Koch=Tetranychus pilosus Prunus domesticum (plum), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Canestrini et Fanzago = Prunus cerasus (sour ceri). USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Tetranychus mytilaspidis Arachis hypogaea (kacang Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Ewing); Prostigmata: tanah, groundnut), Cedrus Azerbaijan, China, Georgia Tetranychidae; european red (cedars), Citrus, Citrus (Republic), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, spider mite deliciosa (jeruk mediterranean Republic of Korea (South Korea), mandarin), Citrus reticulata Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, (jeruk mandarin), Coffea Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. (kopi, coffee), Corylus, Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Morus alba (murbei, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, mulberry), Prunus avium Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, (sweet cherry), Prunus dulcis Lithuania, Denmark, Finland, (almond), Vitis vinifera Montenegro, Macedonia, France, (anggur, grapevine) Germany, Greece, Moldova,
135 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Swedia, Switzerland, Ukraina, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 13. Penthaleus major Duges; II Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum biji, daun, Africa: South Africa. (=Tetranychus major Dugès); vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum bagian America: Argentina, Canada, Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; aestivum (gandum, wheat), tanaman, Mexico, USA blue oat mite, winter grain Bouteloua gracilis (blue tanah Asia: China, Japan mite grama), Bromus secalinus Europe: France, Germany, Iceland, (Rye brome),Lathyrus, Lolium, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Lolium multiforum (italian Russia, Spain, UK. ryegrass), Poaceae (grassess), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Secale cereale (rye). 14. Petrobia latens (Muller); II Triticum aestivum (gandum, daun, tanah, Africa: Egypt, South Africa (=Acarus latens = Acarus wheat), (barli, barley), Allium bagian America: Canada, USA petarum =Acarus praegnans sativum (bawang putih, tanaman di Asia: China, India, Republic of Korea =Paratetranychus longipes garlic), Allium cepa (bawang atas tanah (South Korea) =Petrobia cepae =Petrobia bombay, onion), Cuminum Europe: Austria, Denmark, France, lapidum =Petrobia tritici = cyminum (jintan, cumin), Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Tetranobia decepta Coriandrum sativum Spain, United Kingdom =Tetranychia tritici (ketumbar, corriander), Oryza Oceania: Australia =Tetranychopsis paupera sativa (padi, paddy), Cucumis =Tetranychopsis simplex sativus (mentimun, =Tetranychus anauniensis cucumber), Cucumis melo =Tetranychus longipes= (melon, melon), Daucus carota Trombidium (wortel, carrot), lapidum);Prostigmata: Sorghumbicolor(sorgum, Tetranychidae; brown wheat sorghum), Gladiol, Iris, mite Malusdomestica (apel,apple), Gossypiumbarbadens(kapas,c otton),
136 Medicagosativa(alfalfa,lucerne ), Clover
15. Phyllocoptes vitis Nalepa; (= II Vitis vinifera (anggur, daun Africa: South Africa Phyllocoptes viticolus); grapevine) Asia: India. Prostigmata: Eriophydae; Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, grapevine rust mite, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, acarinosis of vine, vine rust Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, mite Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
16. Phytonemus pallidus (Banks) II Begonia, Begonia cucullata tanaman, Africa: South Africa (=Steneotarsonemus var. hookeri (Perpetual bagian America: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, fragariae =Steneotarsonemus begonia), Capsicum annuum tanaman di Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, USA, pallidus =Tarsonemus (cabaibesar, paprika, bell atas tanah Venezuela destructor =Tarsonemus pepper), Chrysanthemum Asia: Japan, Republic of Korea fragariae =Tarsonemus (daisy), Chrysanthemum (South Korea), Philippines, Taiwan, pallidus); frutescens, Consolida Turkey Prostigmata:Tarsonemidae; ambigua, Cyclamen persicum Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, strawberry mite, cyclamen (cyclamens), Fragaria Denmark, Finland, France, mite (strawberry), Rhododendron Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, simsii Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia 17. Retracus elaeis Keifer; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa daun, biji America: Costa Rica, Colombia Prostigmata: Phytoptidae; oil sawit, oilpalm) palm mite 18. Rhizoglyphus echinopus II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, tanaman, America: USA Fumouze & Robin onion), Allium sativum bagian Asia: Taiwan, Japan, Korea, (=Coepophagus echinopus (bawang putih, garlic),Panax tanaman Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, =Rhizoglyphus hyacinthi ginseng (asiatic ginseng) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
137 =Rhizoglyphus spinitarsus Europe: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, =Tyroglyphus echincopus); Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Astigmata: Acaridae; bulb Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraina, mite Russia, Hungary, Spain Oceania: New Zealand 19. Steneotarsonemus laticeps II Narcissus (daffodil), umbi, bagian Europe: UK, Netherlands, Poland, (Halbert);(=Tarsonemus Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, tanaman di Slovakia approximatus =Tarsonemus amaryllis),Cyrtanthus spp. atas tanah approximatus narcissi (fire lily),Eucharis spp. =Tarsonemus hydrocephalus (Amazon lily, eucharist =Tarsonemus laticeps); lily),Sprekelia spp. (Jacobean Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae; lily) bulb scale mite 20. Tarsonemus myceliophagus II Mushroom batang jamur America: USA Hussey; Prostigmata: Europe:UK, New Zealand, Tarsonemidae Netherlands, Germany. Oceania: Australia 21. Tetranychus pacificus II Vitis vinifera (anggur, tanaman, America: Canada, Mexico, USA McGregor;Prostigmata:Tetra grapevine), Prunus, bagian nychidae; Pacific mite, Gossypium hirsutum, tanaman di Pacific spider mite Gossypium barbadens (kapas, atas tanah cotton), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Phaseolus vulgaris(common bean), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean). Zea mays (jagung, maize, corn), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, flax), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari,
138 sunflower), Salvia sp., Morning glory, Fragaria (strawberry), Rosa (roses), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Vicia (vetch.Begonia, Begonia cucullata var. hookeri (Perpetual begonia), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Rhododendron simsii (Sim's azalea) 22. Tetranychus schoenei II Malus domestica (apel, apple), tanaman, America: USA McGregor; Pyrus communis (pir, pear), bagian Europe: All (=Septanychus schoenei Prunus domesticum (plum), tanaman di McGregor); Prostigmata: Vitis vinifera (anggur, atas tanah Tetranychidae; schoene mite grapevine), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) 23. Tyrophagus putrescentiae II Cucumis sativus (mentimun, daun, bunga, Africa:Angola, Egypt, Kenya, Schrank(=Acarus cucumber), komoditas Zimbabwe. putrescentiae =Tyroglyphus simpan, America:Barbados, Brazil, Canada, americanus = Tyroglyphus jamur, debu, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, castellanii= Tyroglyphus polen, tanah, Guatemala, Peru, Panama, Mexico, lintneri =Tyroglyphus muscae moss, kotoran USA,Venezuela =Tyroglyphus nadinus dan sarang Asia:Bangladesh, China, India, Iraq, =Tyroglyphus putrescentiae berbagai Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea, =Tyrophagus brauni hewan Kuwait, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, =Tyrophagus bulleri Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey =Tyrophagus castellanii Europe:Belgium, CzechRepublic and
139 =Tyrophagus lintneri Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, =Tyrophagus longior var. Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, castellanii =Tyrophagus Netherlands, Poland, Scandinavia, noxius);Astigmata: Acaridae; Slovakia, Spain, Spain, Sweden, cereal mite, cheese mite, Switzerland, United Kingdom, copra itch mite, forage mite, Yugoslavia mill mite, mold mite, mould mite
III. KEONG (SNAIL) DAN SIPUT (SLUG)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ MEDIA KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN DAERAH SEBAR / No INANG / HOSTS PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ / GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. AchatinacraveniSmith; II Coffeaspp.(kopi, coffee), bibit Africa: Zanzibar, Lake Achatinidae; Giant African Sesamumindicum(wijen, Tanganyika,Mozambique snail sesame), tanamanhias(perdu) 2. AchatinazanzibaricaBourg; II Gossypiumbarbadens(kapas, bibit Africa: all Giant African snail, Giant land cotton), Agave sisalana snail (sisal), tanamanhias(perdu) 3. Ariolimax columbianus Gould; II Musaspp.(pisang, banana), daun, sisa America: USA, North America Pacific banana slug garden plant and flowers tanaman, bibit, tanaman 4. ArioncircumscriptusJohnston; II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau bibit, umbi America: North America, USA (=Arion bourguignati); Arionidae; , tobacco), Europe: Czech Republic, Great Brownbanded arion, white Daucuscarota(wortel, Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia soled slug carrot), Fragariavesca(arbei, strawberry), Solanum tuberosum(kentang, potato),
140 tanamanjagung(plantofcorn) , Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), rape, poppy,rye 5. ArionintermediusNormand; II Daucuscarota(wortel, bibit, umbi America: USA, Canada, Hawaii Arionidae; Hedgehog arion, carrot), Asia: Sri Lanka Hedgehog slug Solanumtuberosum(kentang, Europe: Western and Central Europe potato), Oceania: New Zealand Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), tulip, Zea mays L (Jagung, corn), Triticum spp. (gandum, wheat), Ornamental plants 6. ArionrufusL.; (=Limax rufus II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau biji, bibit, America: USA, Canada =Arion ater =Arion , tobacco), tanaman Europe: Western and Sothern empiricorum); Arionidae; Solanumtuberosum(kentang, Europe Chocolate arion, European red potato), Triticum aestivum slug (gandum, wheat), medicinalherbs, poppy, rape, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), rye, Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Brassica oleracea (kubis, cabbage), Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley) 7. ArionsubfuscusDrap; (=Limax II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi, America:USA, Canada subfuscus =Arion krynickii potato), daun, batang, Europe: UK (Britain, East Anglia) =Arion brunneus =Arion Daucuscarota(wortel, bunga, buah
141 esthonicus); Arionidae; carrot), Dusky arion Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Fragaria ananassa(stroberi, strawberry), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) 8. BradybaenafructicumMuller; II Vitisvinifera(anggur, bibit Africa: all Bradybaenidae; brush snail, grapevine), polong-polongan Asia: all bush snail (legumes), tanamanhias Europe: all (anggrek, tanaman berdaun/puring), Apium graveolens(seledri, celery) 9. CecilioidesaciculaMuller; II Asparagusoffinalis bibit Africa: South Africa Ferussaciidae; blind snail, (asparagus, asparagus), America: Argentina, Bermuda, blind awlsnail Apiumgraveolens (seledri, Barbadaos, Hawaii, USA celery) Europe: Canary Island, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine Oceania: New Zealand, Australia 10. De rocerasagresteL;(=Limaxagre II Fragariavesca(arbei, bibit, umbi, America: all stis =Agriolimax agrestis strawberry), sayuran akar, tanaman Asia:all =Agrolimax fedschenkoi (vegetables), Solanum Europe:North Europe, Central =Agrolimax transcaucasicus tuberosum(kentang, potato), Europe (Scandinavia, Russia coeciger); Agriolimacidae; Field Daucuscarota(wortel, Oceania: Australia slug, grey field slug, milky slug carrot), Brassicaceae, Trifoliumsp, Cynarascolymus(Artichoke), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce) 11. Discus rotundatusMuller;(=Helix II Orchidaceae tanaman, America:USA, Canada
142 rotundatus); Discidae;Rotund bagian Europe:Southern Scandinavia, disc tanaman Northern Scotland to Algeria, Spain, Ireland, Ukraine, Turkey, Denmark, Norway 12. D rymaeusdormaniBinney:Buli II Citrusspp.(jeruk, orange) bibit America: all mulidae; Manatee Treesnail 13. Geo malacusmaculosusAllman; II Betavulgarisvar.saccharifera bibit Europe, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Arionidae; (Bitgula, sugarbeet) France Kerry slug, Kerry spotted slug 14. Helixaspe rsaMuller; (=Cornu II Actinidiachinensis(kiwi, bibit, daun, Africa:Algeria, Egypt, Gambia, aspersum =Cantareus asperses Chinesegooseberry), Beta akar, batang, Lesotho, Lybia, Mauritius, Morocco, =Cryptomphalus aspersus); vulgaris(bit, beetroot), biji, kayu, Portugal, Reunion, SaintHelena, Helicidae; Brassicasp, Citrus, kulit kayu, Seychelles, South Africa, Tunisia, Brown garden snail, common Capsicum, umbi, bunga, Zimbabwe, Spain snail, garden snail Fragariaananassa buah America:Argentina, Brazil, Canada, (strawberry), Lactuca Chile, Ecuador, FrenchGuiana, sativa(selada, lettuce), Haiti, Mexico, Peru, USAUruguay, Lycopersicumesculentum Guadeloupe, Martinique, Colombia, (tomat, tomato), Persea Guyana, Venezuela. americana(avokad, avocado), Asia:China, Israel, Lebanon, Phaseolusvulgaris, (common Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Syria, bean), Pyrus communis(pir, Turkey, Thailand, Uzbekistan pear), Ribes nigrum Europe:Albania, Andorra, Austria, (blackcurrant), Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Zeamays(jagung, corn, Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, maize), Cyprus, Canary Island, Denmark, Alliumcepa(bawangbombai, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, onion), Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Brassicaoleraceaevar. Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, capitata(kubis, cabbage), Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Polyphagous, Prunus Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian armeniaca (aprikot, apricot) Federation, Romania, Serbia,
143 Alcea sp., Allium spp. Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, (onion, garlic, leek, etc), Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Alnus sp. (alders), Alyssum Oceania: Fiji, French Polynesia, New sp. (alison), Avena sativa Caledonia, Australia, NewZealand, (oat), Calibrachoa sp., Nonfolk Is Heliland, Pitcairn Island, Consolida sp., Coriandrum Samoa sativum (coriander), Dahlia sp, Delphiniumsp. (larkspur), Dianthus sp (carnation), Hedera helix (ivy), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Poaceae, Coriandrum sativum(ketumbar, cor- riander) Humuluslupulus(hop), Iberis sp. (candytuft), Laburnum anagyroides (common laburnum), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Liliumsp. (lily), Malus domestica (apple), Medicago lupulina (black medick), Nasturtium (watercress), Opuntia ficus-indica (pricky pear), Penstemon sp., Petunia sp., Pisum sativum (pea), Primula sieboldii, Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercarp), Raphanus sativus (radish), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry),
144 Yucca sp., Zinnia sp., Nasturtium officinale(seladaair, watercress), Rosmarinus officinalis(rosemary), Rosa sp., Thymus vulgaris(thyme), Helianthus annuus(bunga matahari, sunflower), Trifolium alexandrium (egyptian clover), Vitis vinifera(anggur, grapevine), strawberry, Citrusspp.(jeruk, orange), Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat) 15. Helixpo matiaL.; Helicidae; II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau bibit America:Canada Roman snail, edible snail, , tobacco), Europe: Denmark, Belarus, Latvia, vineyard snail, burgundy snail Vitisvinifera(anggur, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, grapevine), Triticum Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, aestivum(gandum, wheat), Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, dansayuran (vegetables) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Republic of Macedonia, Great Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Norway, Finland, Ukraine, Portugal, Greece 16. Helix rufescensPennant; II Fragariavesca bibit America: all Helicidae; reddish snail (arbei, strawberry) 17. Lanistesovum Trosch; II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy) tanaman Africa: Botswana, Congo, Chad,
145 (=Lanistes connollyi =Lanistes Ghana, Cameroon, Gambia, Angola, elator =Lanistes innesi Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, =Lanistes procerus); Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Ampullariidae; freshwater Africa snail 18. Leh maniavalentianaFerussac; II Orchidaceae(anggrek, bibit, umbi, Africa: South Africa Limacidae; terrestrial orchid), akar America: USA, Canada, Chile, Peru, pulmonate gastropod mollusk Solanumtuberosum(kentang, Colombia. potato), sayuran (vegetables) Asia: China, Japan Europe: Andora, Austria, Azores, Balearis Island, Belgium, Britain Island, Canary Island, Corsica, Czech Republic, Danish Mainland, French Mainland, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italian Island, Lithuania, Madeira, Malta, Poland, Portuguese, Romania, Russia, Spanish Mainland, Sweden, The Netherland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 19. Li maxcinereonigerWolf; (=Limax II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi Europe: all antiquorum); Limacidae; Ash- potato), grey slug, black keel-slug Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), tanaman hias (anggrek, anthurium, tanaman berdaunlainnya) 20. Li maxmaximusL; (=Limax II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi America:USA, Hawaii maculatus =Limax cellarius potato), Europe:Italy, Norway =Limax cinereus =Limacella Apiumgraveolens(seledri, Oceania: New Zealand parma =Limax antiquorum); celery), Cucumis Limacidae; sativus(ketimun, cucumber), Giant garden slug, Great slug, Lycopersicumesculentum(to
146 Tiger slug, Spotted leopard mat, tomato), slug Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), Brassica oleraceavar.capitata(kubis, cabbage), Cucurbitamoschata(labu, pumpkin), tanamanhias (anggrek, anthurium, tanaman berdaunlainnya), jamur (mushroom) 21. M arisacornuarietisL.; II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy). tanaman. Africa: all Ampullariidae; Giant America: USA, Hawaii, Karibia ramshorn snail, apple snail 22. M ilaxbudapestensisHazay; II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi Europe: all Milacidae; budapest slug, potato), keeled slug, subterranean slug Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), sayuran, akarsayuran, Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat), rape, poppy, rye, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Apium graveolens(seledri, celery), Helianthusannuus(bunga matahari, sunflower) 23. M ilaxgagatesDraparnaud; II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi, Africa:all (=Limax gagtes =Limax potato), bibit, akar, America: USA fulginosus =Milax antipodarum Daucuscarota(wortel, batang Asia: Japan, Sri Lanka =Limax pectinatus =Milax carrot), Brassicaoleraceavar. Europe: Britain, Mediterranean hewstoni =Milax emarginata capitata(kubis, cabbage), region =Milax tasmanicus =Milax Fragariavesca(arbei, Oceania: New Zealand, Australia nigricolus =Amalia strawberry), Cynara antipodarum var. pallida scolimus(Artichoke), Glycine
147 =Amalia parryi =Amalia max (kedelai, soyabean), babori); Milacidae; Greenhouse Helianthusannuus(bunga slug, Keeled slug matahari, sunflower), (oilseed rape) 24. M ilaxsowerbyiTandonia II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, biji, umbi Europe: all sowerbyi; sowerby’s slug, bulb- potato), eating slug Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Daucus carota(wortel, carrot) 25. Otalalactea Muller; Helicidae; II Alliumsativum(bawangputih, biji, umbi Africa: NorthAfrica Milk snail, Milky snail garlic), America:Bermuda,Argentina, Bolivia, Apiumgraveolens(seledri, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, celery), DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Brassicaoleraceavar.botrytis( Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, kembang kol, FrenchGuiana, USA, Cuba, Jamaica cauliflower),Brassicaolerace Europe:Netherlands, Spain a capitata(kubis,cabbage), Oceania: Australia Brassicaoleraceavar.italica(b rokoli, broccoli), Brassicaceae, Citrus, Caricapapaya(pepaya,papay a), Lactuca sativa(selada, lettuce), Pimpinella anisum (anise), lily, yucca, 26. Oxychilusc ellariusMuller; II Orchidaceae (Anggrek, batang, akar, Africa: North Africa Zonitidae; Cellar glass snail orchid), legumes, buah America: USA, Canada Cucumissativus(ketimun, Asia:all cucumber), Cucurbita Europe: all moschata(labu, pumpkin), Oceania: New Zealand Citrulluslanatus(semangka, watermelon), Cucumismelo(melon, melon) 27. Oxychilusd raparnaudiBeck; II Orchidaceae(Anggrek, batang, akar, Europe: all
148 Zonitidae; Dark bodied glass orchid), legumes, buah snail Cucumissativus(ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita moschata(labu, pumpkin) 28. Pilaglobosa (Swainson); II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy), bibit, sisa Asia:Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, common freshwater gastropod tanamanair tanaman Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, FrenchGuiana 29. Thebapisana Muller; (=Helix II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape), biji, bibit Africa: South Africa, Somaliland pisana); Helicidae; White Citrusspp.(jeruk, orange), America: USA, Atlantic Island, garden snail, mediteranean Brassicaoleraceacapitata Bermuda, Canary Island sandsnail, sandhill snail, white (kubis, cabbage), Asia: Iran snail Lycopersicumesculentum(to Europe: Western France, England, mat, tomato), legumes Wales, Ireland (kacang-kacangan), Oceania:Australia Medicago sativa (alfalfa), ornamental plant, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),Hordeumvulgare(barli ,barley),Daucus carota (wortel, carrot) 30. V aginulahedleyiSimroth; II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau biji America: all Veronicellidae; Vaginula slugs , tobacco), Ipomoeabatatas(ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne)
149
IV. NEMATODA (NEMATODES) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ MEDIA N GOLONGA INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ PEMBAWA/ O N/ GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON PATHWAYS NAME 1. Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch) I: jika MP Agrostis canina(velvet tunas, daun, Africa: South Africa Filipjev; (=Anguillula agrostidis tidak bentgrass), Agrostis biji, America: Canada, USA =A.agrostis =A.phalaridis diproses. exarata(spike bentgrass), batang/ranti Asia: China, Kyrgyzstan =Anguillulina agrostis II: jika MP Agrostis stolonifera var. ng, akar, Europe: Czech, Estonia, Finland, =A.phalaridis =Anguina diproses Palustris(creeping bunga, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, funesta =A.lolii =A.phalaridis bentgrass), Agrostis stolon, tanah Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, =A.poophila =Tylenchus capillaris(colonial Sweden, Ukraine, UK agrostidis =T.agrostis bentgrass), Bromus Oceania:Australia, New Zealand. =T.phalaridis =T.phlei =Vibrio erectus(erect brome), agrostis =Vibrio phalaridis); Dactylis Anguinidae; rye grass glomerata(orchardgrass), nematode, bentgrass Festuca ovina(sheep fescue), nematode, grass seed eelworm Festuca nigrescens(red fescue), Lolium rigidum(wimmera ryegrass), Phleum pratense(timothy), Phleum boehmeri, Phleum phleoides(boehmer's cat's- tail), Poa alpina(alpine bluegrass), Poa annua(annual bluegrass), Poa pratensis(kentucky bluegrass), Trisetum
150 flavescens(yellow oatgrass)
2. Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) I: jika MP Secale cereale (rye), Triticum tunas, Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia Chitwood; (=Anguillula tritici tidak aestivum (gandum, wheat), bunga, daun, America:USA, Brazil, Canada =Anguillulina tritici =Rhabditis diproses. Triticum dicoccum, Triticum batang, Asia: China, Iran, India, Syria, Iraq, tritici =Tylenchus scandens II: jika MP spelta ranting, biji, Israel, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, =T.tritici =Vibrio tritici); diproses Avena sativa (oat, oats ), tanah South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Anguinidae; wheat nematode, Hordeum vulgare (barli, Arabia, Turkey wheatgall nematode, eelworm barley), Triticum turgidum Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, disease, earcockles, bunted Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, wheat, hard smut, cockle Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, wheat, purples Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 3. Aphasmatylenchus straturatus I: jika MP Arachys hypogaea (kacang akar, polong, Africa: Burkina Faso Germani; Hoplolaimidae; tidak tanah, peanut). tanah ground nut chlorosis diproses. Cajanus cajan (kacang nematode II: jika MP gude, pigeon pea), Glycine diproses max (kedelai, soyabean), Vigna cylindrical (kacang tunggak, long bean), Voandzeia subterranea(bambara groundnut)
4. Aphelenchoides arachidis I: jika MP Arachys hypogaea (kacang tunas, Africa: Nigeria, Cameroon, Egypt Bos.; Aphelenchoididae; tidak tanah, peanut) polong, akar,
151 groundnut testa nematode, diproses. Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, biji, tanah peanut testa nematode II: jika MP rice), Pennisetum diproses glaucum(pearl millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 5. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi I: jika MP Chrysanthemum morifolium biji, daun, Africa: South Africa, Mauritius (Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer; tidak (krisan, chrysanthemum batang, akar, America: Brazil, Chile, Canada, (=Aphelenchoides ribes diproses. (florists), Dahlia, Fragaria bunga, umbi, Cuba, Mexico, USA, Venezuela. =Aphelenchus phyllophagus II: jika MP vesca (stroberi, kormus, Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, =A.ribes =A.ritzemabosi diproses wildstrawberry), Fragaria stolon, media Kazakhtans, South Korea, =Pathoaphelenchus ananassa (stroberi, tanam, tanah Uzbekistan ritzemabosi strawberry) Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, =Pseudaphelenchoides Asplenium nidus(bird's nest Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, ritzemabosi =Tylenchus ribes); fern), Bergenia Hungary,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Aphelenchoididae; bud and spp.(elephant-leaved Montenegro, Macedonia, leaf nematode, Chrysant foliar saxifrage), Calceolaria Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, eelworm, leaf wilt nematode of spp.(pouch flower), Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Chrysant, Chrysant foliar Campanula Slovenia, UK, Ukraine, nematode, Blackcurrant spp.(campanulas), Oceania: New Zealand, Fiji nematode Campanula pyramidalis(chimney bellflower), Consolida ambigua(rocket larkspur), Crassula coccinea, Callistephus chinensis(China aster), Geranium spp.(cranesbill), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus rosa – sinensis
152 (kembang sepatu, china- rose), Helleborus niger(christmas rose), Lavandula angustifolia(lavender), Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus spp. (lupine), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Lupinus (lupins), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Mimulus spp.(monkey-flower), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (kemangi, basil), Passiflora quadrangularis(markisa, passionfruit, granadilla), Peperomia sp., Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Philadelphus coronarius (mock orange), Ranunculus (buttercup), Rheum hybridum(rhubarb), Rhododendron spp. (azalea), Rudbeckia spp. (coneflower), Salvia splendens(scarlet sage), Sinningia speciosa(gloxinia), St.paulia spp.(african
153 violet), St.paulia ionantha(african violet), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Verbena spp.(vervain), Viburnum spp., Viola spp. (violet), Ribes nigrum(blackcurrant), Veronica (speedwell), Limonium sinuatum, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zinnia elegans(zinnia), Buddleia spp., Eleusine coracana(finger millet),Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rumex (Dock), Ranunculus spp., Sambucus spp.(elderberry), Senecio spp.(groundsel), Sonchus spp., Veronica spp., Echium spp., Rumex spp., Stellaria media 6. Belonolaimus longicaudatus I: jika MP Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah America: Bahama, Bermuda, Costa Rau; Belonolaimidae; sting tidak tanah, peanut), Brassica berpasir, Rica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. nematode diproses. spp., Cynodon kerikil, akar, Asia: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, II: jika MP dactylon(Bermuda grass), bibit Turkey diproses Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Cucumis melo (melon,
154 melon), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria spp., (stroberi, strawberry), Gossypium hirsutum(kapas, bourbon cotton), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Poaceae, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Acer spp.(maples), Acer pseudoplatanus(sycamore), Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris(bent grass), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel- bush), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape)Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chillies, red pepper), Casuarina equisetifolia(casuarina), Chrysanthemum spp.(daisy),
155 Citrullus lanatus(semangka, watermelon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Desmodium tortuosum(florida beggarweed), Digitaria decumbens(pangolagrass), Digitaria sanguinalis(large crabgrass), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon),Eremochloa ophiuroides(centipedegrass), Festuca arundinacea(reed fescue), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (sorgum, sorghum), Ilex (holly), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea purpurea (Tall morning glory), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Liquidambar styraciflua(sweet gum), Lolium multiflorum(italian ryegrass), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato),Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Ocimum basilicum (kemangi, basil), Oxalis (wood sorrels), Paspalum
156 notatum(bahiagrass), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pinus palustris(longleaf pine), Pinus taeda(loblolly pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Pittosporum tobira(japanese pittosporum), Poaceae (grasses), Pharbitis purpurea, Rumex crispus(curled dock), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Schinus terebinthifolius(Brazilian pepper tree), Secale cereale (rye), Sesbania exaltata(coffeebean (USA)), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum Sudanense(Sudan grass), Stenotaphrum secundatum(buffalograss), Trifolium spp.(clovers),
157 Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), turfgrasses, Ulmus parvifolia(lacebark elm), Vaccinium corymbosum(blueberry), Vigna unguiculata(cowpea), Baccharis halimifolia, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Vitis rotundifolia(Muscadine grape) 7. Bursaphelenchus cocophilus I: jika MP Cocos nucifera (kelapa, tunas, kulit America: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, (Cobb) Baujard; tidak coconut), Elaeis guineensis kayu, planlet, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El (=Aphelenchoides cocophilus diproses. (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) batang, Salvador,Guatemala, Guyana, =Aphelenchus cocophilus II: jika MP Phoenix canariensis, daun, akar, Grenada, Honduras, Mexico, =Rhadinaphelenchus diproses Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, kayu, tanah, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, St. cocophilus dates-palm), Sabal palmetto bibit Vincent and the Grenadines, =Chitinoaphelenchus Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, cocophilus); Aphelenchoididae; Vektor: Venezuela, French Guiana red ring nematode Coleoptera, Curculionida e: Rhynchophor us palmarum, R. cruentatus 8. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus I: jika MP Pinus spp. kulit kayu, Africa: South Africa (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle; tidak Abies spp., (fir), Cedrus batang, kayu, America: Canada, Mexico, USA. (=Aphelenchoides xylophilus diproses. deodara (deodar cedar), kemasan Asia: China, Japan, South Korea, =Bursaphelenchus lignicolus); II: jika MP Cedrus atlantica, kayu Vietnam, Taiwan Parasitaphelenchidae; pine diproses Chamaecyparis Europe: Portugal wood nematode, pine wilt nootkatensis (alaska cedar), Vektor:Coleo nematode Picea spp. (spruce), ptera, Pseudotsuga menziesii Cerambycida
158 (douglas-fir), Larix spp. e: (larch) Monochamus alternatus, M. nitens 9. Cactodera cacti (Filipjev & I: jika MP Schlumbergera truncata akar, batang, Africa: Algeria Schuumans Stekhoven) Krall tidak (christmas cactus), tanah America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, & Krall; (=Heterodera cacti); diproses. Epiphyllum spp., Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, USA, Heteroderidae; cactus cyst II: jika MP Epiphyllum ackermannii, Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, nematode, cactus cyst diproses Echinopsis spp., Erysimum South Korea, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, eelworm, cactus root eelworm allionii, Ferocactus spp., Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Opuntia microdasys(angel's Turkmenistan wings), Opuntiastricta(erect Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech, prickly pear), Saccharum Denmark, Hungary, France, officinarum (tebu, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, sugarcane), famili cactaceae Poland, Rumania, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraina, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia. 10. Ditylenchus africanusWendt I: jika MP Arachis hypogaea (kacang biji, polong, Africa:Mozambieque, South Africa et. al.;Anguinidae; thepeanut tidak tanah, peanut) akar, umbi, Asia: China pod nematode, groundnut pod diproses. Chenopodium album (fat buah nematode II: jika MP hen), Datura stramonium diproses (jimsonweed), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton),
159 Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 11. Ditylen chus destructor Thorne; I: jika MP Allium ascalonicum (bawang polong, umbi, Africa: South Africa Anguinidae; potato rot tidak merah, shallot), Allium rimpang, America: Canada, Ecuador, Haiti, nematode, potato tuber diproses. sativum (bawang putih, batang, Mexico, Peru, USA nematode, potato eelworm II: jika MP garlic), Arachys hypogaea stolon, Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Iran, diproses (kacang tanah, peanut), kormus, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), akar, planlet, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), tanah Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Chrysanthemum spp. Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarusia, (krisan, chrysant), Citrus Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, sinensis (jeruk manis, navel Czech, Estonia, Finland, France, orange), Capsicum annuum Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, (paprika, bell-pepper), Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
160 Cucumis sativus Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, (mentimun, cucumber), Poland, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Cucurbita maxima (waluh, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, labu parang, pumpkin), Ukraine, UK Daucus carota (wortel, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand carrot),Dahlia hybrids, Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids(sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Humulus lupulus (hops), Irish spp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mentha spp. (mentol, mint), Panax schinseng (ginseng), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) 12. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Khun.) I: jika MP Allium ascalonicum (bawang umbi, buah, Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, Filipjev; (=Aguillulina dipsaci tidak merah, shallot), Allium bunga, daun, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, =A. Dipsaci var. tobaensis diproses. sativum (bawang putih, bibit, batang, Tunisia. =Tylenchus dipsaci =T. II: jika MP garlic), Allium cepa (bawang biji, stolon, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, devastator =T. devastatrix = diproses bombay, onion), Allium tanah Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Anguillula dipsaci =A. secalis = fistulosum (bawang daun, Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, A. devastatrix= Ditylenchus welch onion), Allium porrum Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, USA allocotus =D. amsinckiae = D. (bawang daun, leek), Avena (Hawaii), Uruguay, Venezuela.
161 fragariae = D. sochophila = D. sativa (oat, oats), Begonia, Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, trifolii =D. dipsaci var. Beta vulgaris var. Georgia (Republic), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Communis =Tylenchus saccharifera (bit gula, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, South putrefaciens =T. havensteinii = sugarbeet), Cannabis Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Pakistan, T. hyacinthi =T. Allii; sativa(hemp), Fragaria Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Anguinidae; nematoda ananassa (stroberi, Europe: Europe (as a whole), umbi/brown ring disease of strawberry), Gladiolus Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, hyacinth, stem and bulb hybrids (sword lily), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, nematode, onion bloat, bulb Hyacinthus orientalis Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, eelworm, ring disease of bulbs (hyacinth), Medicago sativa Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, (alfalfa, lucerne), Narcissus Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, (daffodil), Narcissus Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, pseudonarcissus, Nicotiana Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, tabacum (tembakau, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, tobacco), Phlox drummondii Portugal, Romania, Russia (Central (phlox), Phlox paniculata Russia, Russian Far East, Siberia, (garden phlox), Pisum Southern Russia, Western Siberia), sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Secale cereale (gandum, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England rye), Trifolium pratense and Wales, Scotland), Serbia, (purple clover), Trifolium Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, repens (white clover), Macedonia. Solanum tuberosum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. (kentang, potato), Tulipa spp., Vicia faba (broad bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn). Allium cepa var. aggregatum (bawang merah, shallot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Abrosia spp., Avena spp., Agropiron spp.,
162 Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Bergenia, Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Carduus acanthoides (welted thistle), Crocus sativus (kuma-kuma, safron, saffron), Cucurbitae, Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Chrysanthemun spp., Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation),Erigeron spp.,Iris spp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Delpinium spp., Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil, lentil), Onobrychis vicifolia (sainfoin), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Triticum (gandum, wheat), Orchidaceae (anggrek,
163 orchids), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Lactucasativa (selada, lettuce), Lepidium spp., Tagetes spp., Trifolium spp., Plantago spp., Hyacinthes spp., Hieracium pilosella (mouse-ear hawkweed), Lamium album (white deadnettle), Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Lamium purpureum (purple deadnettel), Myriophyllum verticillatum (whorled watermilfoil), Nerine sarniensis (guernsey lily), Ranunculus arvensis (Corn buttercup), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) 13. Globodera tabacum(Lownsbery I: jika MP Nicotiana tabacum akar, umbi, Africa: Madagascar, Morocco & Lownsbery) Skarbilovich; tidak (tembakau, tobacco), tanah America: Argentina, Canada, (=Globodera tabacum diproses. Nicotiana rustica (wild Colombia, Mexico, USA. =Heterodera tabacum); II: jika MP tobacco), Lycopersicum Asia: China, Japan, South Korea, Heteroderidae; tobaco cyst diproses esculentum (tomat, tomato) Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, nematode Solanum melongena (terung, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, eggplant), Solanum Uzbekistan nigrum(black nightshade), Europe:Bulgaria, Spain, Armenia,
164 Solanum gilo(gilo), Solanum Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonis, indicum, Solanum Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, mauritianum(tree tobacco), Ukraine, France, Greece, Italy, Solanum Rusia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, quitoense(Narangillo), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Solanum tuberosum Montenegro, Macedonia (kentang, potato) 14. Hemicycliophora arenaria I: jika MP Citrus limonia (mandarin akar, bibit, America: Argentina, Brazil, USA. Raski; Criconematidae; sheath tidak lime), Citrus aurantiifolia tanah Oceania: Australian nematode diproses. (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus II: jika MP reticulate (jeruk mandarin, diproses mandarin), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin) Apium graveolens (selederi, celery), Citrus limettioides (palestine sweet lime), Citrus macrophylla(alemow), Citrus taiwanica(nanshodaidai), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Capsicum frustecens (chili), Libocedrus Chilensis(Chilean cedar), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea),Vigna cylindrical (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera
165 (anggur, grapevine) 15. Heterodera avenae I: jika MP Avena sativa (oat, oats), bibit, akar, Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Wollenweber; (=Bidera avenae tidak Hordeum vulgare (barli, tanah South Africa, Tunisia =B.ustinovi =Heterodera major diproses. barley), Secale cereale (rye), America: Canada, Peru, USA =H. schachtii maior II: jika MP Triticale spp., Triticum Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, =H.schachtii var. avenae =H. diproses aestivum (gandum, wheat) Japan, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Saudi ustinovi); Heteroderidae; oat Poaceae(grasses), Zea mays Arabia, Turkey cyst nematode, cereal cyst (jagung, corn) Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and nematode, cereal cyst Herzegovina, Bulgaria, eelworm, oat root eelworm Croatia,Czech, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 16. Heterodera carotae Jones; I: jika MP Daucus carota (wortel, umbi, akar, America: USA Heteroderidae; carrot cyst tidak carrot), Olea europaea tanah Europe:Armenia, Azerbaijan, nematode, carrot cyst diproses. subsp. europaea (olive) Belarus, Estonia, France, Germany, eelworm, carrot root eelworm II: jika MP Georgia, Poland, Portugal, Italy, diproses Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Latvia, UK, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Switzerland
17. Heterodera cruciferae I: jika MP Brassica napus var. akar, tanah Asia: Pakistan. Franklin; Heteroderidae; tidak napobrassica (swede), Europe: All crucifer cyst nematode diproses. Brassica napus var. napus Oceania: Australia
166 II: jika MP (rape), Cruciferae, diproses Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish) Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage)
18. Heterodera goettingiana I: jika MP Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet bibit, akar, Africa: Algeria Liebscher; (= Heterodera tidak pea), Vicia faba(kacang tanah America: USA. göttingiana); Heteroderidae; diproses. babi, broadbean) Asia: China, Israel, Iran, Jordan, pea cyst nematode, pea cyst II: jika MP Cicer arietinum(kacang Japan, Turkey, Kazakhstan, eelworm, pea root eelworm diproses arab, chickpea), Glycine Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, max (kedelai, soyabean), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Lathyrus cicera (flat-podded Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, vetchling), Lathyrus Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, odoratus (sweet Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, pea),Lathyrus sativus Ukraine, Russia, France, Germany, (grasspea), Lens esculentum Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, (lentil, lentil), Lens culinaris Spain, UK subsp. culinaris (lentil), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Vicia (vetch), Vicia benghalensis (purple vetch), Vicia calcarata, Vicia cracca (Tufted vetch), Vicia ervilia (Bitter vetch) 19. Heterodera oryzicola Rao & I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, rice, akar, Africa: Ivory Coast
167 Jayaprakash; Heteroderidae; tidak paddy) bonggol, Asia: India. rice cyst nematoda, paddy diproses. Brachiara decumbens(signal bibit, tanah cyst nematode II: jika MP grass), Urochloa decumbens diproses (signal grass), Musa paradisiaca(pisang, plantain), Cynodon dactylon(bermuda grass)
20. Heterodera sacchariLuc.& I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, rice, akar, tanah Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Merny.; Heteroderidae; tidak paddy), Zea mays (jagung, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gambia, sugarcane cyst nematode diproses. corn), Saccharum Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal. II: jika MP officinarum (tebu, Asia: India, Pakistan, Thailand diproses sugarcane), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Axonopus compressus (carpet grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Psapalum conjugatum (sour paspalum), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass) 21. Heterodera schachtii Schmidt; I: jika MP Alliaria petiolata(garlic akar, bibit, Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde, Gambia, (=Heterobolbus schachtii tidak mustard), Alyssum batang, Libya, Morocco, Senegal, South =Heterodera schachtii diproses. argentium, Amaranthus umbi, tanah Africa, Tunisia, minor=Tylenchus schachtii); II: jika MP spp., Apium dulce, Arabis America: Chile, Canada, Mexico, Heteroderidae; sugarbeet diproses spp., Armoracia Peru, USA, Uruguay nematode, beet cyst eelworm rusticana(horseradish), Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Iraq,
168 Atriplex spp., Aubrieta Israel, Jordan, Kazakstan, spp.(rainbow rock-cress), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey Aubrieta columnae, Alyssum Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, argentium, Beta spp., Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Brassica spp., Dianthus Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, spp., Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia Gypsophila acutifolia, and Herzegovina, Ireland, Italy, Gypsophila elegans(baby's Latvia, Moldova Montenegro, breath), Phaseolus vulgaris Macedonia, France, Germany, (buncis, common bean), Greece, Netherlands, Poland, Phytolacca acinosa, Pisum Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Polygonum spp., Polygonum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand convolvulus(black bindweed), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Thlaspi arvense, Raphanus maritimus, Raphanus raphanistrum(wild radish), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rheum hybridum(rhubarb), Rorippa amphibia(great yellowcress), Rorippa islandica(yellow marshcress), Rumex spp., Saponaria ocymoides(rock soapwort), Saponaria officinalis(soapwort), Sesbania macrocarpa, Sesbania exaltata(coffeebean (USA)),
169 Silene armeria(garden catchfly), Silene maritima, Silene nutans(nottingham catchfly (UK)), Silene quadrifida, Silene saxifraga, Sinapis arvensis, Sinapis eruca, Sisymbrium austriacum, Sisymbrium spp., Solanum sarrachoides(green nightshade (UK)), Spinacia glabra, Spinacia oleracea(spinach),Tetragoni a tetragonioides(New Zealand spinach), Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), Tropaeolum perigrinum, Vaccaria hispanica(bladder soapwort), Vicia benghalensis(purple vetch), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Vigna catjang Chenopodium (goosefoot), Stellaria media (common chickweed) 22. H eterodera trifolii Goffart; I: jika MP Dianthus caryophyllus akar, umbi, Africa: Tunisia Heteroderidae; clover cyst tidak (anyelir, carnation) tanah America: Canada, USA, Argentina, nematode, clover cyst eelworm diproses. Poaceae (grasses), Beta Chile, Colombia II: jika MP vulgaris var. saccharifera Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, diproses (bit gula, sugar beet), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Solanum tuberosum Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (kentang, potato), Trifolium Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria,
170 spp. (clovers), Trifolium Denmark, Armenia, Azerbaijan, pratense(purple clover), Belarus, Estonis, Georgia, Latvia, Trifolium repens(white Lithuania, Moldova, France, clover), Leguminosae Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 23. Heterodera vigni Edward & I: jika MP Vigna sinensis (kacang akar, tanah Africa: Egypt. Mura; (=Heterodera cajani); tidak panjang, cowpea), Cajanus Asia: India, Pakistan Heteroderidae; pigeonpea cyst diproses. cajan (kacang gude, pigeon nematode, cowpea cyst II: jika MP pea), Cyamopsis nematode diproses tetragonoloba(guar bean), Lablab purpureus(banner bean), Vigna aconitifolia(mat Bean), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean) Crotalaria juncea(cascavelle), Sesbania cannabina(sesbania) 24. Heterodera zeae Koshy, I: jika MP Zea mays (jagung, corn) akar, bibit, Africa: Egypt Swarup & Sethi; tidak Avena sativa (oat, oats), tanah America: USA Heteroderidae; corn/maize diproses. Hordeum vulgare (barli, Asia:Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, cyst nematode II: jika MP barley), Oryza sativa (padi, Nepal, Thailand diproses rice, paddy), Setaria Europe: Greece, Portugal
171 italyca(foxtail millet), Sorghum Sudanense(Sudan grass), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte), Poaceae 25. Hirschmanniella miticausa I: jika MP Colocasia esculenta (talas, umbi, bibit, Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Bridge Mortimer & Jackson; tidak taro) akar, tanah Solomon Islands Pratylenchidae; miti miti diproses. disease II: jika MP diproses 26. Hirschmanniella spinicaudata I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, rice, umbi, bibit, Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, (Schuurmans Steekhoven) Luc tidak paddy), Saccharum planlet, akar, Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, & Goodey; (=Hirschmannia diproses. officinarum (tebu, tanah Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, spinicaudata =Radopholus II: jika MP sugarcane) South Africa, Togo, Zambia lavabri =Tylenchorhynchus diproses Fimbristylis dichotoma(tall America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, spinicaudatus); fringe rush), Cyperaceae USA, Venezuela Pratylenchidae; rice root tip (sedges), Oryza Asia: China, Pakistan nematode, root lesion longistaminata (perennial nematode wild rice), Poaceae (grasses), Juncus(rushes), Typha(reedmace)
27. Hoplolaimus columbus Sher.; I: jika MP Cyperus esculentus(yellow akar, tanah. Africa: Egypt (=Hoplolaimus colombuson tidak nutsedge), Glycine max America: USA, Trinidad and Tobago. =Basirolaimus colombus); diproses. (kedelai, soyabean), Asia: India, Pakistan Hoplolaimidae; II: jika MP Gossypium barbadens Coltuber/Columbia lance diproses (kapas, cotton), Saccharum nematode officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
172 (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 28. Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) I: jika MP Diospyros kaki (kesemek, akar, tanah America: USA, Canada Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekh; tidak persimmon) Asia: Pakistan Hoplolaimidae: lance diproses. Arachis hypogea (kacang nematode II: jika MP tanah, peanut), diproses Brassica oleraceae var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Bambusa (bambu, bamboo), Borrichia frutescens (sea- oxeye), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Poaceae (grasses), Musa (pisang, banana), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Sansevieria trifasciata (snake plant), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss), Trifolium spp. (clovers), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 29. Hoplolaimus indicus Sher.; I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, rice, akar, umbi, Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, (=Basirolaimus arachidis tidak paddy) tanah Iran, Pakistan. =Basirolaimus indicus diproses. Abelmoschus moschatus =Hoplolaimus arachidis); II: jika MP (okra, lady’s finger), Hoplolaimidae; lance diproses Arachys hypogaea (kacang
173 nematode tanah, peanut), Basella spp., Brassica oleracea botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ), Citrus jambhiri(rough lemon), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(guar bean), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Capsicum annuum (cabai rawit, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Eleusine coracana(finger millet), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Sweet potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo(black gram), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
174 Poncirus trifoliata(hardy orange), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium spp., (guava)Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium alexandrinum(egyptian clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Senna siamea(siamese cassia), Pinus roxburghii, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) 30. Hoplolaimus pararobustus I: jika MP Musa spp. (pisang, banana) akar, Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, (Schuurmans stekhoven & tidak Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), bonggol, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Teunissen) Sher. In Coomans; diproses. Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), tanah. Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, (=Gottholdsteineria II: jika MP Psidium guajava (jambu Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, pararobusta =Hoplolaimus diproses biji, guava), Saccharum Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Sao Tome angustulatus =H.capensis officinarum (tebu, & Principe, Senegal, South Africa, =H.casparus =H. kittenbergeri sugarcane), Elaeis Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe =H.pararobustus =Rotylenchus guineensis (kelapa sawit, America: Dominica, Grenada, St. pararobustus oilpalm), Gossypium Lucia, St. Vincent and the =Tylenchorhynchus hirsutum, Mangifera indica Grenadines. pararobustus); Hoplolaimidae; (mangga, mango), Carica Asia: China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
175 lance nematode papaya (pepaya, papaya, pawpaw), Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Dioscorea spp., Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Citrus, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Eleusine coracana, kakao, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) 31. Longidorus attenuatus Hooper; I: jika MP Hordeum vulgare (barli, akar, umbi, Africa: Nigeria Longidoridae; needle tidak barley), Brassica sp. (kubis, stolon, tanah Europe:Russia, Bulgaria, France, nematode diproses. cabbage), Trifolium sp. Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, UK II: jika MP (cengkeh, clover), Fragaria sebagai diproses ananassa (strawberry), vektor:Tomat Fragaria vesca (stroberi, o black ring wildstrawberry), Beta virus vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot), Triticum sp. (gandum, wheat), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Cucurbita sp. (labu, pumpkin), Vitis sp. (anggur, grape) 32. Longidorus caespiticola I: jika MP Fragaria vesca (stroberi, akar, stolon, Europe: Western Europe Hooper; Longidoridae; needle tidak wildstrawberry), Rosa spp. tanah nematode diproses. (mawar, rose)
176 II: jika MP sebagai diproses vektor:Raspb erry ringspot virus, Cherry leaf roll virus 33. Longidorus elongatus (de Man) I: jika MP Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), akar, stolon, Africa: South Africa Thorne & Swanger; tidak Daucus carota (wortel, umbi, polong, America: Canada, USA (=Dorylaimus elongatus diproses. carrot), Fragaria ananassa tanah Asia: Georgia, India, Kazakhtan, =Dorylaimus tenuis II: jika MP (stroberi, strawberry), Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, =Longidorus menthasolanus diproses Fragaria vesca (stroberi, sebagai Vietnam =Longidorus monohystera wildstrawberry), Lolium vektor: Europe:Austria, Belgium, =Trichodorus elongatus); perenne(perennial ryegrass), Raspberry Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech, Longidoridae; needle Mentha piperita ringspot Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, nematode, tomato black ring (peppermint) virus, Tomato Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, eelworm Allium spp., Apium black ring Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Norway, graveolens (seledri, celery), virus Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Avena sativa (oat, oats), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Brassica oleracea var. Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Gemmifera(Brussels Oceania:New Zealand. sprouts), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ficus carica(fig), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Ribes nigrum(blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum(red currant), Trifolium pratense(purple clover), Urtica
17 7 dioica(stinging nettle), Vitis vinifera(anggur, grapevine), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Brassica rapa subspec. rapa (turnip, turnip), Polygonum convolvulus(black bindweed), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Ranunculus acris, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus idaeus(raspberry), Capsella burs-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Lolium multiforum (Italian ryegrass), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Stellaria media(common chickweed) 34. Longidorus leptocephalus I: jika MP Cerealia, Daucus carota akar, umbi, Europe:Denmark, Germany, Hooper; Longidoridae; needle tidak (wortel, carrot), Solanum tanah Ireland, Norway, Sweden, nematode diproses. tuberosum (kentang, Netherlands, UK, Slovenia, II: jika MP potato), grass, Tagetes spp. sebagai Slovakia, Scotland, England, diproses (marigold), Rosa sp. vektor: Russia, Poland (mawar, rose), Beta vulgaris Raspberry (bit gula, sugarbeet), Tulipa ringspot sp. (Tulip), Brassica rapa virus, Cherry (turnip), Malus domestica leaf roll virus (apel, apple), Prunus avium (ceri, cherry), Prunus
178 domestica (prem, plum) 35. Longidorus macrosomaHooper; I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), akar, stolon, Europe: all Longidoridae; needle tidak Fragaria vesca (stroberi, tanah nematode diproses. wildstrawberry), Vitis sebagai II: jika MP vinifera (anggur, grapevine), vektor: diproses Prunus avium (ceri, cherry) Rasberry ringspot virus 36. Meloidogyne acronea Coetzee; I: jika MP Gossypium barbadens akar, polong, Africa: Malawi, South Africa. (=Hypsoperine (Hypsoperine) tidak (kapas, cotton), Gossypium umbi, bibit, acronea =Hypsoperine diproses. hirsutum (Bourbon cotton) tanah acronea); Meloidogynidae; II: jika MP Arachys hypogaea (kacang African cotton root nematode diproses tanah, peanut), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Cassia spp., Chloris gayana(rhodes grass), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(guar), Croton tiglium(purging croton), Eleusine coracana(finger millet), Eragrostis spp.(lovegrasses), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus sabdariffa(jamaica sorrel), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
179 37. Meloidogyne brevicauda Loos; I: jika MP Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), akar, umbi, Asia: Azerbaijan, India, Srilanka. Meloidogynidae; Indian tidak Crocus sativus(kuma-kuma, planlet, bibit, rootknot nematode, tea diproses. safron, saffron) tanah rootknot nematode II: jika MP diproses 38. Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden II Daucus carota (wortel, akar, umbi, Africa: South Africa O’ Bannon, Santo & Finley; carrot), Lycopersicum bibit, tanah America: Argentina, Mexico, USA. Meloidogynidae; Columbia esculentum (tomat, tomato), Asia: Turkey root-knot nematode Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Europe: Belgium, Germany, lucene), Solanum tuberosum Netherland, France, Italy, Portugal (kentang, potato) Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Scorzonera hispanica(oyster plant), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeet), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Poaceae, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) 39. Meloidogyne coffeicola Lordello I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) akar, tanah America: Brazil & Zamith; Meloidogynidae; tidak Eupatorium (Asteraceae) coffeerootknot nematode diproses. II: jika MP diproses
180 40. Meloidogyne decalineata I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) akar, tanah Africa: Tanzania, Sao Tome & Whitehead; Meloidogynidae; tidak Principe. African coffee rootknot diproses. nematode II: jika MP diproses 41. Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi; II Allium ascalonicum (bawang umbi, America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, (=Heterodera exigua); merah, shallot), Allium cepa bonggol, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Meloidogynidae; coffee (bawang bombay, onion), akar, tanah Salvador, French Guiana, rootknot nematode, Brazilian Bidens pilosa(blackjack), Guatemala, Guadeloupe, Guyana, pyroid coffee nematode, root- Citrus aurantium (jeruk Honduras, Martini, Nicaragua, knot nematode nipis, lime), Citrullus Puerto Rico, Peru, Suriname, vulgaris (semangka, Trinidad, Venezuela. watermelon), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cyphomandra betacea(tree tomato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pilea spp., Poncirus trifoliata(trifoliate orange), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Stachys arvensis(staggerweed), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Ipomoea acuminata.
181 42. Meloidogyne fallaxKarssen; I: jika MP Daucus carota subsp. bibit, akar, America: USA (=Meloidogyne chitwoodi tidak sativus (wortel, carrot), tanah Eropa: Belgium, France, Germany, (Baexem) B Type (van diproses. Scorzonera hispanica (oyster Switzerland, Netherlands Maggelen et al 1994); II: jika MP plant), Solanum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Meloidogynidae; false diproses tuberosum(Kentang, potato) Colombia root-knot nematode Arachis hypogea (peanut) Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Beta vulgaris(beetroot), Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (bit gula, beet, sugarbeet), Chenopodium album (lambsquarters), Cynara scolynus, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (globeartichoke), Dahlia spp. (dahlia), Fragaria sp., Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Hemerocallis sp. (daylily), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce),Lamprocapnos spectabilis (bleeding heart), Lolium sp., Lolium perenne subsp. multiforum (ryegrass, Italian ryegrass), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Oenothera biennis, O. glazioviana (primrose), Phacelia tenacetifolia (lacy phacelia), Sinapsis alba (mustard), Solanum
182 lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Triticum sp., T. aestivum, T. durum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), 43. Meloidogyne minor Karssen et I: jika MP Lycopersicon esculentum akar, umbi, America: USA al.; tidak (tomat, tomato), Solanum tanah Europe: Belgium, Ireland, Meloidogynidae diproses. tuberosum (kentang, potato) Netherlands, UK II: jika MP Agrostis stolonifer (creeping diproses bentgrass) 44. Meloidogyne naasi Franklinl; II Hordeum vulgare (barli, akar, umbi, America: USA Meloidogynidae; rootknot barley), Trifolium tanah Europe: France, Hungary, UK nematode repens(white clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Beta vulgaris var. sacchraifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot), cerealea, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) Turfgrasses 45. Meloidogyne oteifae Elm iligy; I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), akar, tanah Africa: Angola, DR Congo Meloidogynidae; rootknot tidak Peuraria spp. nematode diproses. II: jika MP diproses 46. Nacobbus aberrans (Thome) I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum umbi, akar, Africa: Egypt Thorne & Allen; (=Nacobbus tidak (kentang, potato), bibit, tanah America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, batatiformis =N.serendipiticus diproses. Lycopersicum esculentum Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, USA bolivianus =Pratylenchus II: jika MP (tomat, tomato), Beta Europe: Italy, Netherlands, Russia, aberrans =Nacobbus diproses vulgaris var. sacchraifera UK serendipiticus =Anguillulina (bit gula, sugar beetroot),
183 aberrans); Pratylenchidae; Brassica napus var. false rootknot nematode, napobrassica (swede), potato rosery nematode Brassica nigra (black mustard), Brassica oleracea (kubis, bunga kol, cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis (petsai), Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Atriplex confertifolia(shadscale saltbush), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Chenopodium album(fat hen), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima(giant pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Gaillardia spp.,
184 Kochia spp., Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Opuntia spp.(pricklypear), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sisymbrium irio(london rocket), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Spergula arvensis(corn spurry), Spinacia oleracea(spinach), Tribulus terrestris(puncture vine), Tragopogon porrifolius(oysterplant), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Ullucus tuberosus(ulluco) 47. Paratrichodorus porosus(Allen) I: jika MP Allium cepa (bawang bibit, umbi, Africa: South Africa Siddiqi; tidak bombay, onion), Brassica bonggol, America: USA, Brazil, Chile, Costa (=Trichodorus porosus=T. diproses. oleracea var. capitata akar, tanah Rica Bucrius =Paratrichodorus II: jika MP (kubis, cabbage), Brassica Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, (Atlantadorus) diproses rapa subsp. chinensis sebagai South Korea, Srilanka, Uzbekistan, porosus=Atlantadorus (kubis, Chinese cabbage), vektor: Vietnam porosus); Trichodoridae Camellia, Camellia sinensis Tobravirus Europe: Italy,Portugal, Russia (teh, tea), Citrus jambhiri Oceania: Australia, Papua New (rough lemon), Citrus limon Guinea (jeruk lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Dioscorea (yam), Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam), Juglans
185 regia (walnut), Lycopersicon peruvianum, Musa (pisang, banana), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus persica (peach), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rubus loganobaccus (loganberry), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, okra), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Bambusa vulgaris (bambu, common bamboo), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Ficus carica (fig), Gardenia, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Lagerstroemia indica (indian crape myrtle), Lupinus (lupins), Malus domestica
186 (apel, apple), Morus alba (mora), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Poncirus trifoliata (Trifoliate orange), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rhododendron (Azalea), Rosa (mawar, roses), Acer palmatum (Japanese maple), Aphananthe aspera (muku), Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba), Bambusa tuldoides (punting-pole bamboo), Butia(jelly palm), Callicarpa japonica(Japanese callicarpa), Carpinus tschonoskii, Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut), Castanopsis cuspidata (chinkapin), Casuarina (beefwood), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina), Celtis sinensis (Chinese elm), Cercidiphyllum japonicum (katsura), Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel),
187 Cleyera japonica, Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar), Daphniphyllum macropodum, Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia), Ginkgo biloba (kew tree), Idesia polycarpa (idesia), Ilex crenata (Japanese holly), Ilex integra (mochi), Ilex rotunda (kurogane holly), Juniperus (junipers), Magnolia hypoleuca (japanese big-leaved magnolia), Musa acuminata (wild banana), Neolitsea sericea, Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus densiflora (Japanese umbrella pine), Pinus pseudostrobus var. pseudostrobus, Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine), Pittosporum tobira (Japanese pittosporum), Pyrus amygdaliformis, Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak), Quercus glandulifera (Glandbearing oak), Quercus salicina, Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew),
188 Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Viburnum odoratissimum 48. Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & I: jika MP Musa spp. (pisang, banana), umbi, Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Allen; (=Anguillulina musicola tidak Musa xparadisiaca (pisang bonggol, Island, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, =Tylenchus musicola); diproses. kepok, plantain) bibit, akar, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda. Pratylenchidae; banana lesion II: jika MP Zea mays (jagung, corn), tanah Europe: Greece, Portugal, Spain nematode diproses Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Oceania: Australia common bean), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Commelina benghalensis(wandering jew), Sesbania grandiflora (turi, agati), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) 49. Pratylenchus neglectus I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum, akar, stolon, Africa: Morocco, South Africa (Rensch)Fili&Schuur.Steekh.; tidak wheat), Zea mays (jagung, umbi, tanah America: Canada, Mexico, USA Pratylenchidae; California root diproses. corn), Agropyron Asia: Japan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, lesion nematode, California II: jika MP cristatum(crested Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, meadow nematode diproses wheatgrass), Brassica Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan oleracea var.capitata (kubis, Europe: Croatia, Estonia, Italy, cabbage), Fragaria (stroberi, Poland, Armenia, Azerbaijan, strawberry), Malus Belarus, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, domestica(apel, apple), Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Spain Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Oceania: Australia lucerne), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Pistacia vera (pistachio) 50. Pratylenchus scribneri I: jika MP Gossypium barbadens akar, umbi, Africa: Cameroon
189 Steiner;Pratylenchidae; lesion tidak (kapas, cotton), Malus stolon, tanah America:South America, USA, nematode diproses. domestica (apel, apple), Mexico. II: jika MP Mentha spicata(Spear mint), Asia: Pakistan, Japan, India, Israel, diproses Parthenium Turkey argentatum(Guayule), Europe: Bulgaria, Sweden, Italy Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum halepense(Johnson grass), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, strawberry), Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis). 51. Pratylenchus thornei Sher. & I: jika MP Cicer arietinum(chickpea), akar, umbi, Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Allen; Pratylenchidae; tidak Pinus merkusii (tusam, polong, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Thorne's root lesion nematode diproses. pinetree), Triticum aestivum stolon, bibit, Tunisia II: jika MP (gandum, wheat), Quercus batang, America:Canada, Argentina, Mexico, diproses spp., Zea mays (jagung, tanah USA, Chile, Venezuela corn), Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Israel, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan, Fabaceae, Agrostis Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey spp.(bentgrasses), Allium Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, ascalonicum (bawang Netherlands, Croatia, Cyprus, merah, shallot), Apium Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, graveolens (seledri, celery), Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia and Arachys hypogaea (kacang Herzegovina, Montenegro, tanah, peanut), Avena Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Italy, sativa (oat, oats), Beta Portugal, Russia, Spain, UK vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Oceania: Australia. Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cupressus spp.(cypresses), Cynara scolymus
190 (artichoke), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Iberis spp.(candytuft), Juglans regia (walnut), Lens esculenta (lentil), Lathyrus odoratus(sweet pea), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Mentha piperita(Peppermint), Mentha spicata(Spear mint), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus spp.(stone fruit), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium spp., Vicia faba(faba bean), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers)
52. Pratylenchus vulnus (Allen & I: jika MP Actinidia arguta (tara vine), akar, stolon, Africa: Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya,
191 Jensen); Pratylenchidae; tidak Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, bibit, umbi, Rѐunion walnut root lesion nematode; diproses. kiwifruit), Araucaria tanah, America: Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, root lesion nematode; meadow II: jika MP araucana (monkey puzzle), batang, kulit Canada, USA, Uruguay nematode diproses Bambusa sp. (bambu, kayu Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, bamboo), Berberis Japan, Philippines, South Korea, thunbergii (Japanese North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, barberry), Brassica oleracea Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, var. capitata (kubis, Turkmenistan, uzbekistan, cabbage), Buxus Pakistan, Sri Lanka sempervirens (common Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, boxwood), Carya Denmark, Finland, France, illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus Germany, Greece, Italy, aurantium (sour orange), Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Citrus sinensis (jeruk Spain, UK, Armenia, Azerbaijan, manis, navel orange), Citrus Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, x paradisi (grapefruit), Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine Corylus avellana (hazel), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp), Crotalaria spectabilis (Showy rattlepod), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Cytisus scoparius (broom), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Ficus carica (ara), Forsythia intermedia (Golden bells), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, Bourbon cotton), Hamamelis (witchhazel),
192 Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Juglans hindsii (californian black walnut), Juglans major (arizona walnut), Juglans microcarpa (River walnut tree), Juglans nigra (black walnut), Juglans regia (walnut), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Ligustrum ovalifolium (california privet), Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily), Lilium speciosum (Showy lily), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Mahonia (holly grape), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Melilotus alba (honey clover), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pistacia vera
193 (pistachio), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus besseyi (bessey cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pterocarya stenoptera (chinese wing nut), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rosa (roses), Rosa canina (Dog rose), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Rosa multiflora (Multiflora rose), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Taxus baccata (English yew), Vicia benghalensis (purple vetch), Vicia faba (kacang babi, broad bean), Vigna catjang, Vitis rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
53. Punctodera punctata (Thorne) I: jika MP Agrostis stolonifera var. akar, bibit, Africa: Morocco
194 Mulvey & Stone; (=Heterodera tidak Palustris(bent grass), tanah America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, punctata); Heteroderidae; diproses. Agrostis stolonifera(creeping Mexico, USA. grass cyst nematode, grass II: jika MP bentgrass), Agrostis Asia: Israel, Japan cyst eelworm diproses capillaris(brown bentgrass), Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Festuca rubra(red fescue), Republic, Croatia,Denmark, Lolium perenne(perennial Estonia, Finland, France,Serbia, ryegrass), Poa Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, annua(annual Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, meadowgrass), Poa Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, pratensis(smooth-stalked Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, meadowgrass), Turfgrasses Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Avena sativa (oat, oats), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Hordeum vulgare (barli, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK barley), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) 54. Radopholus citrophilus I: jika MP Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) biji, tanah America: USA Huettel, et al.; (=Radopholus tidak similis citrus race); diproses. Pratylenchidae; burrowing II: jika MP nematode, spreading decline diproses of citrus 55. Scutellonema bradys (Steiner I: jika MP Dioscorea spp. (yam), Vigna umbi, bibit, Africa:Benin, Burkina Faso, & Le Hew) Andrassy; tidak cylindrica (kacang tunggak, akar, tanah Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, (=Anguillulina bradys diproses. long bean), Zea mays Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, =Hoplolaimus bradys II: jika MP (jagung, corn), Manihot Senegal, Sudan, Togo =Rotylenchus blaberus diproses esculenta (ubi kayu, America: Barbados, Brazil, Costari =R.bradys =Scutellonema cassava), Quercus spp. Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican blaberum =S.dioscorea); Abelmoschus moschatus republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Hoplolaimidae; yam dry rot (okra, lady’s finger), Ananas Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto nematode, yam nematode comosus (nenas, pineapple), Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Cajanus cajan (kacang Venezuela gude, pigeon pea), Cocos Asia: India, Pakistan
195 nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Celosia argentea(celosia argentea), Corchorus olitorius(jute), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Hibiscus sabdariffa(jamaica sorrel), Luffa acutangula (gambas, angled loofa), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pachyrhizus erosus (bangkuang, yam-bean), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Pueraria phaseoloides(tropical kudzu), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Urena lobata(caesar weed), Synedrella nodiflora(synedrella) 56. Trichodorus similisSeinhorst; I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum akar, umbi, America: USA. Trichodoridae; stubby root tidak (kentang, potato), Sorghum tanah Asia: Turkey nematode diproses. bicolor (sorgum, sebagai Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech II: jika MP sorghum),Beta vulgaris var. vektor: Republic, Netherlands, France, diproses saccharifera (bit gula, Tobacco rattle Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, sugarbeetroot), Dioscorea virus Sweden, UK batatas (Chinese yam), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) 57. Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper; I: jika MP Beta vulgaris var. akar, umbi, America: USA Trichodoridae; stubby root tidak saccharifera (bit gula, tanah Europe:Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech nematode diproses. sugarbeetroot), Hordeum Republic, France, Germany,
196 II: jika MP vulgare (barli, barley), sebagai Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, diproses Malus domestica (apel, vektor:Pea Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, apple), Pisum sativum early Switzerland, UK (kapri, sweet pea), Secale browning cereale (rye), Solanum virus, tuberosum (kentang, Tobacco rattle potato), Vitis vinifera virus (anggur, grapevine), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 58. Tylenchorhynchus claytoni I: jika MP Arachniodes adiantiformis akar, bibit, Africa: South Africa Steiner; (=Tesselus claytoni) tidak (Leatherleaf fern), Avena umbi, polong, America: Honduras, Canada, USA, Dolichodoridae; stunt diproses. sativa (oats), Azaleas, tanah Asia: Bangladesh, China, Japan, nematode; tobacco stunt II: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai, India, Turkey, Korea nematode diproses soyabean), Gossypium sp. Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, (kapas, cotton), Lolium Denmark, Germany, Italy, (ryegrasses), Medicago Netherlands, Switzerland, UK, sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Poland Nandina, Nicotiana tabacum Oceania: Australia (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Peony, Photinia glabra, Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poaceae (grasses), Prunus persica (peach), Rhododendron (Azalea), Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea),
197 Rhododendron japonicum (Japanese azalea), Rhododendron obtusum (Kirishima azalea), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Litchi chinensis (leci, lichi), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine), Pinus elliottii (slash pine), Pinus palustris (longleaf pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus fruticosus
198 (blackberry), Solanum melongena (terong, eggplant), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (bent grass), Arctium lappa (burdock), Bouteloua curtipendula (Side-oats grama), Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama), Camellia japonica (camellia), Chamaecyparis pisifera (sawara false cypress), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Enkianthus perulatus (white enkianthus), Erica (heaths), Festuca (fescues), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Osmanthus fragrans, Pieris japonica (Lily-of-the-valley shrub), Poa pratensis (smooth-stalked meadowgrass) 59. Xiphinema americanum Cobb.; I: jika MP Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), akar, bibit, Africa: Nigeria, Senegal (=Tylencholaimus americanus tidak Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), stolon, umbi, America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, =Xiphinema taylori diproses. Malus domestica (apel, tanah. Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, =Xiphinema californicum); II: jika MP apple), Rubus Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Xiphinematidae; American diproses idaeus(raspberry), sebagai Venezuella, Argentina, dagger nematode, tobacco ring Vaccinium spp.(blueberries), vektor:Tobacc Asia: China, India, Japan,
199 spot nematode Vitis vinifera (anggur, o ring spot Kazakhtan, North Korea, Oman, grapevine), Zea mays virus, Tomato Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, (jagung, corn), ring spot Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan Lycopersicum esculentum virus, Peach Europe: Hungary, Poland, Russia, (tomat, tomato), Avena yellow bud Spain, UK sativa (oat, oats), Cocos virus, Cherry Oceania: Australia. nucifera (kelapa, coconut), rasp leaf Citrus sinensis (jeruk virus manis, navel orange), Ficus carica (ara), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Juglans regia (walnut), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, lychee), Linum usitatissimum(flax), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Prunus spp. (stone fruit), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Rubus spp.(blackberry, raspberry), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vaccinium spp.(blueberries),
200 Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (bourbon cotton), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Polyphagous, Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Mentha spp. (mints), Pinus spp. (pines), Achras (=
201 Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Onobrychis viciifolia(sainfoin), Petunia hybrida, Picea spp., Plantago spp. (plantain), Poncirus trifoliata(Trifoliate orange), Potentilla spp.(Cinquefoil), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Shorea robusta(sal), Tectona grandis (jati, teakwood), Trifolium spp. (clovers), Zoysia japonica(zoysiagrass), Agropyron spp., Codiaeum variegatum(croton), Callicarpa americana(American beautyberry), Nerium oleander(oleander), Acer platanoides(Norway maple), Agropyron cristatum(crested wheatgrass), Agropyron desertorum(crested wheatgrass (USA)), Anethum graveolens(dill), Bambusa (bamboo), Bambusa tuldoides(punting-pole bamboo), Callicarpa americana (American beautyberry), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Codiaeum
202 variegatum (croton), Cydonia oblonga(quince), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla), Nerium oleander(oleander), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Petunia hybrida, Picea glauca(white spruce), Picea pungens(blue spruce), Plantago (Plantain), Poncirus trifoliate(Trifoliate orange), Potentilla(Cinquefoil), Rosa (mawar, roses), Shorea robusta (sal), Tectona grandis (teak), Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass) 60. Xiphinema diversicaudatum I: jika MP Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), akar, umbi, Africa: Algeria, South Africa (Micoletzky) Thorne; tidak Fragaria ananassa stolon, bibit, America: USA (=Dorylaimus (Longidorus) diproses. (stroberi, strawberry), tanah Asia: Turkey diversicaudatus =D.elongatus II: jika MP Prunus spp., Rosa spp. Australia: New Zealand =Longidorus diversicaudatus diproses (mawar, rose), Rubus sebagai Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, =Xiphinema (Diversiphinema) fruticosa(blackberry), Rubus vektor:Arabic Netherlands, Bulgaria, Croatia, diversicaudatum idaeus (raspberry), Vitis mosaic virus Czech Republic, Denmark, Serbia, =X.amarantum =X.basiri vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Strawberry Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =X.israeliae =X. Prunus salicina (Japanese latent Herzegovina, Montenegro, paraelongatum =X.sahelense plum), Acer pseudoplatanus ringspot virus Macedonia, France, Germany, =X.seredouense); (sycamore), Allium porrum Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Norway, Xiphinematidae; dagger (bawang daun, leek), Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia,
203 nematode Brassica olercea (kubis, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, bunga kol, cabbage, Ukraine, UK cauliflower), Chamaecyparislawsoniana (Port Orford cedar), Chamomilla suaveolens (Rounded chamomile), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Crataegus laevigata, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Mentha arvenis (corn mint), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pyrus communis (European pear), Sambucus nigra (elder), Senecio vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Veronica(Speedwell)
204 61. Xiphinema index Thorne & I: jika MP Vitis vinifera (anggur, akar, umbi, Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Allen;(=Diversiphinema index); tidak grapevine), Ficus carica bibit, tanah Tunisia Xiphinematidae; dagger diproses. (ara, America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, nematode, fan-leaf virus II: jika MP fig),Muscadiniarotundifolia( sebagai Peru, USA nematode diproses monkhood-vine), Vitis spp. vektor: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Grapevine India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Ampelopsis fanleaf virus Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, aconitifolia(monkhood-vine), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Anacardium occidentale Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Serbia, Citrus aurantium (jeruk Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and nipis, ime), Cydonia oblonga Herzegovina, Montenegro, (kwinsi, quince), Juglans Macedonia, France, Germany, regia (walnut), Jasminum Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, officinale, Lycopersicum Moldova, Poland, Portugal, esculentum (tomat, tomato), Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Malus domestica (apel, Switzerland, Ukraine apple), Malus sylvestris Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. (crab-apple tree), Morus alba(mora), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Opuntia sp.(pricklypear), Parthenicissus tricuspidata, Petunia hybrida, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pistacia mutica, Pistacia vera(pistachio), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus spp.,
205 Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Betula (birches), Chenopodium giganteum (large lambsquarters), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Cupressus pyramidalis, Fagus silvaticus, Gomphrena globosa (Globe amaranth), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus sp. (pine), Populus sp. (poplar), Quercus lucombeana, Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Thuja, Urtica urens (annual nettle), Vitis rupestris (sand-grape) 62. Xiphinema italiae Meyl.; I: jika MP Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera akar, tanah Africa: Egypt, Cameroon, Libya, Xiphinematidae; dagger tidak (anggur, grapevine), Olea Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia. nematode diproses. europea subsp. europea sebagai Europe: Greece, Italy, Spain II: jika MP (zaitun, olive) vektor:Grape diproses vine fanleaf virus
V. GULMA (WEEDS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ GOLONGAN/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH ASAL/ No KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
206 SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.; II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Africa: Egypt, Nigeria (Elymus repens = Elytrigia Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta vulgaris America: Argentina, Canada, repens =Triticum repens); var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Ecuador, USA Poaceae; quack grass, couch Brassica spp., Daucus carota (wortel, Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, grass, quick grass, rope twich, carrot), Helianthus annuus (bunga Bangladesh, Georgia, India, Iran, scotch quelch, dog grass, matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, twich grass, wikens, wicks (barli, barley), Linum usitatissimum, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey Medicago sativa, Pastures, Phaseolus Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, pea),Poaceae(grasses), Secale cereale France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, (rye), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, potato), Trifolium (clover),Zea mays Netherland, Norway, Poland, (jagung, corn, maize), Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 2. Alectra fulminensis (Vell.) II Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) America: Venezuela Stearn; Scrophulariaceae: sugarcane weed 3. Alectra orobanchoides (Benth); II Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) Africa: Kenya (= A. kirkii Benth. Kick); Schropulariaceae; tobacco witch weed 4. Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) II Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) Africa: all Kuntze; Schropulariaceae; Asia: India, Myanmar, China, tobacco witch weed, yellow Philippines witch weed
207 5. Alectra vogelli (Benth); II Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, Africa: South Africa, Central Africa, Schropulariaceae; cowpea) Mali, Kenya cowpeawitch weed Arachis hypogaea (kacang Europe: Switzerland tanah,groundnut,peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Mucuna pruriens (Buffalobean), Phaseolus acutifolius (tepary bean), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Voandzeia subterranea (bambara groundnut) 6. Alopecurus myosuroides II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Africa: Northern Africa Hudson (=A. agrestis L); Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Brassica America: Argentina, Bolivia, Poaceae; blackgrass, slender napus var. napus, Secale cereale (rye) Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA, meadow foxtail, twitch grass, Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot), Allium Uruguay black twitch cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Solanum Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, tuberosum (kentang, potato), Zea mays Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordania, (jagung, corn, maize), Malus spp., Lebanon, Pakistan,Turkey Prunus (stone fruits), Pyrus communis Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, (pir, pear) Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Netherland, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
7. Asphodelus fistulosus (L.); II Cicer arietinum, Linum Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius, (=Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.) usitatissimum,Nicotiana tabacum Morocco, Sudan Asphodelaceae; onion weed, (tembakau, tobacco), Pisum sativum America: Bolivia, Mexico, Peru, USA
208 asphodelus,wild onion, onion- (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, leafed, pink asphodel, (kentang, potato), Triticum aestivum India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, asphodel (gandum, wheat) Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot), Arabia, Turkey, Yemen Brassica juncea var. juncea (Indian Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, mustard), Citrus, Gossypium hirsutum Bosnia and Herzegovina, (bourbon cotton), Hordeum vulgare Montenegro, Macedonia, France, (barli, barley), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, lucerne), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, Balearic Islands date-palm), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand sugarcane), Zea mays(jagung,corn,maize) 8. Buchnera hispida (Bunch.- II Sorghum bicolor (cantel, sorghum), Africa: Southeast Africa Ham. ex D. Don); (=Buchnera Setaria italic (jewawut, millet) Asia: India, Madagascar longifolia Klotzsch. =B. browniana Schinz. =B. macrocarpa Hochst.) Orobanchaceae; karanji, marathi 9. Cirsium arvense(L.) II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Africa: Angola, South Africa, Sudan, Scop.;(=Cirsium incanum = C. Aeschynomene falcata, Avena sativa Swaziland, Tunisia, Zimbabwe lanatum =C. setosum =C. (oat, oats), Bromus, Brassica napus var. America: North America (Canada, arvensis); Asteraceae; napus,Carthamus tinctorius, Coronilla Alberta, British Columbia, california thistle, canada varia, Dactylis glomerata, Fagopyron Manitoba, New Brunswick, thistle, creeping thistle, field esculentum,Glycine max (kedelai, Newfoundland, Northwest thistle soybean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga Prince Edward Island, Quebec, matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory, (barli, barley), Linum usitatissimum, Mexico, USA, Alaska, Arizona, Lotus corniculatus, Pinus merkusii Arkansas, California, Colorado, (tusam, pinetree), Medicago sativa, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Onobrychis viciifolia, Panicum miliaceum, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
209 Phleum, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, pea), Poa, Polyphagous, Secale cereale Maryland, Massachusetts, (rye), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, sorghum), Trifolium, Triticum aestivum Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Hampshire, New Jersey, New corn, maize) Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Allium porrum (bawangdaun,leek), Allium Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Apium Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis Utah, Vermont, Virginia, hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, Washington, West Virginia, peanut), Asparagus officinalis Wisconsin, Wyoming), South (asparagus, asparagus), Beta vulgaris America (Chile), Brazil var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, China, juncea var. juncea (Indian mustard), Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Brassica nigra (black mustard), Brassica Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey, oleracea (kubis (cabbages),bunga Turkmenistan kol(cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. Europe:Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech botrytis (bunga kol,cauliflower), Brassica Republic, Denmark, Finland, oleracea var. italica (brokoli,broccoli), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Macedonia, France, Germany, Capsicum annuum (paprika,bell- Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherland, pepper,red pepper), Chamomilla recutita Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, (common chamomile), Cicer arietinum Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, (chickpea), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, Ukraine, UK, Ireland watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh,labuparang, pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labukuning,zucchini), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria
210 ananassa (strawberry), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel,apple), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,tobacco), Petroselinum crispum (peterseli,parsley), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Solanum melongena (terong, eggplant,aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 10. Cuscutaepilinum(Weike);Convo II Flax, Linseed Africa:Ethiopia,Egypt,Morocco,Sout lvulaceae; flax dodder hAfrica America: Canada,USA Asia: Cyprus Europe:all 11. Cuscutaepithymum(L II Herbaceous,Legume Africa:South Africa .) Murr.(=C.trifoli); America: Convolvulaceae; NorthAmerica,Argentina,Bolivia,Bra alfalfa dodder zil,Colombia, Chile,Venezuela,DominicanRepublic ,Ecuador,Paraguay, Peru,Uruguay,FrenchGuiana Asia: Japan,WestAsia
211 Europe:all Oceania:Australia 12. Cuscutagronovii(Willd.);Co II Herbaceous,Solanumtuberosum(kentang, America: NorthAmerica nvolvulaceae;swamp potato),Pipernigrum(lada,pepper), Apium Europe:all dodder graveolens(seledri,celery) 13. Cuscutaindecora(Choisy.);Co II Leguminoceae Africa:Morocco nvolvulaceae;thin-vine America: dodder NorthdanArgentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Co lombia,Chile, Venezuela,DominicanRepublic,Ecua dor,Paraguay,Peru, Uruguay,FrenchGuiana Europe: Greece 14. Cuscutajaponica(Choisy);Conv II Solanumtuberosum(kentang,potato),Sola Asia: Japan olvulaceae; dodder seed num melongena (terong, eggplant,aubergine), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato) 15. 3Cuscutamonogyna(Vahl.);Conv II Leguminoceae,Citrus spp. Asia: CentralEast,Afghanistan 0olvulaceae; eastern dodder (jeruk,orange),Tamarix,Salix Europe:France,SouthEurope . Oceania:Mediteranean 16. Cuscutapedicellata(Ledeb); II Leguminoceae Asia: CentralAsia,CentralEast Asia Convolvulaceae Oceania:EasternMediteranean 17. Cuscutaplaniflora(Ten.);(=C.Ap II Leguminoceae America:NorthAmerica proximate); Convolvulaceae; Asia:CentralAsia espaguete Oceania:Mediteranean 18. Digitaria scalarum(Schweinf.) II Agave part oflana, Ananas comosus Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Chiov.; (=Digitaria abyssinica (nenas, pineapple), Coffea spp. (kopi, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, =D. abyssinicavar. scalarum coffee), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Swaziland, Nigeria, South Africa, =D. eichingeri =D. hackelii =D. cotton), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, merkeri =D. mutica =D. sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, Tanzania, Madagascar, Zambia, scalarum =D. somaliensis =D. maize) Zimbabwe
212 tangaensis =D. vestita Acacia (wattles), Camellia sinensis (teh, Asia: Saudi Arabia, India, Sri =Panicum abyssinicum =P. tea), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Musa Lanka hackelii =P. kafuroense =P. sp. (pisang, banana), Phaseolus vulgaris muticum =P. scalarum); (common bean), Tanacetum Poaceae; cough grass cinerariifolium (Pyrethrum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) 19. Emex australis II Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica napus Africa: Bostwana, Kenya, Lesotho, (Steinh.);Polygonaceae;Spiny var. napus (rape), Cicer arietinum Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Emex, doublegee, three- (chickpea), Hordeum vulgare (barli, Namibia, Ascension, South Africa, cornered jack barley), Lupinus spp., Medicago sativa Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe (lucerne), Medicago spp., Pisum sativum America: North America (USA, (kapri,sweetpea), Secale cereale (rye), California, Hawaii), Central America Triticale, Triticum aestivum (gandum, & Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) wheat), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vitis Asia: Taiwan, India, Pakistan vinifera (grapevine) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Brassica oleracea (kubis (cabbages), bunga kol (cauliflowers), Citrus, Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium (cotton), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Prunus (stone fruit), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant,aubergine), Solanum tuberosum
213 (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize) 20. 3Melampyrum arvense (L.); II Cereal, Triticum aestivum (gandum, Asia: West Asia . Orobanchaceae; field cow- wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Europe: West Europe, France, wheat, purple cow-wheat, Belgium, Germany, Netherland horse flower 21. 3Odontites verna (Bell) Dum; (= II Poaceae(grasses), Lucerne, Triticum America: North America . Bastsia odontites = O. aestivum (gandum, wheat) Asia: Turkey serotinus = O. rubra gilib); Europe: Southeast Europe, Orobanchaceae; red bartsia, Germany Eyebright, red rattle, Perlina di Primavera 22. 3Orobanche cernua (Loefl.);(= O. II Tanaman Compositae, Solanaceae Africa: Tanzania, Uganda, Algeria, 9cernua, O. bicolor, O. Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, . curviflora, O. hispanica, O. Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia gallica, O. pogonanthera, O. Asia: India, Afghanistan, China, nicotiana, O. glaucantha, O. Bahrain, Geogia, Irak, Israel, cumana); Orobanchaceae Jordania, Kuwait, Kazaktans, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen Europe:Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Greece, Hongary, Italy, Rumania, Rusia, Spain, UK Oceania: Australia 23. 4Orobanche foetida (Poir.), II Legumimosae/ Fabaceae Africa: Morocco, Tunisia, Iberian . Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes Peninsula, Balearic Islands Europe: Spain 24. 4Orobanche gracilis (SM.); II Legumimosae/ Fabaceae Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, . Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes Rwanda, Tanzania Europe: Sout East Europe
214 25. 3Orobanche ramosa (L.); (= O. II Brassica spp., Lycopersicon esculentum Africa: North Africa, South Africa 7Interrupta, O. Micrantha, (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum America: USA, Central America . Kopsia interrupta, O. cannabis, (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum (Cuba), South America, Chile Philipaea ramosa, Phelipanche melongena (terong, eggplant, aubergine) Asia: Armenia, Afghanistan, China, ramosa, Kopsia ramosa); Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Jordan, Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, Saudi Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, Arabia, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, groundnut, peanut), Cannabis sativa Turkey, Yemen (hemp), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, pepper, red pepper), Carthamus Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech tinctorius (safflower), Cicer arietinum Republic, Slovakia, France, Corsica, (chickpea), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, Germany, Greece, Hongary, Italy, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon), Malta, Moldova, Netherland, Poland, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Portugal, Rumania, Rusia, Spain, Cucurbita (pumpkin), Daucus carota UK, Switzerland (wortel, carrot), Foeniculum vulgare Oceania: Australia (fennel), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium spp., Vicia faba (broad bean) 26. Partheniumhysterophorus L.; II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, (= rgyrochaeta bipinnatifida lady’sfinger), Allium cepa (bawang Madagascar, Mauritius, Cav. = Villanova binnatifida bombay, onion), Anacardium occidentale Mozambique, Réunion, Cornoros, Ortega) (cashew nut), Arachis hypogaea (kacang Seychelles, South Africa, Somalia, Asteraceae;parthenium weeds, tanah,groundnut, peanut), Carica Mayotte, Swaziland, Tanzania, congress grass, whiteheads, papaya (pepaya,papaw, papaya), Cicer Uganda, Zimbabwe barley flower arietinum (chickpea), Citrus, Cocos America: Bermuda, North America nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Coffea (kopi, (Mexico, USA)Tropical America,
215 coffee), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Caribean Island, Central America Eleusine coracana (finger millet), (Barbados, Belize, Bahama, Cuba, Eragrostis tef (teff), Gossypium (kapas, Dominican Republik, Haiti, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga Honduras, Jamaica, Poerto Rico, matahari, sunflower), Lycopersicon Costa Rica), South America esculentum (tomat,tomato), Mangifera (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, indica (mangga,mango), Musa Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, (pisang,banana), Pastures, Phaseolus Venezuela, Uruguay) (beans), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, guava), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Taiwan,India, Israel, Jepang, sugarcane), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Vietnam, Nepal, Pakistan Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, Europe: Belgium aubergine), Solanum tuberosum Oceania: Eastern Queensland, (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor Australia, Frenche Polinesia, New (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (Jagung, Caledonia, Vanuatu corn, maize), Radish 27. Praxelis clematidea R.M. King II Pasture, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, & H. Robinson; (=Eupatorium sugarcane) Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, catarium Veldk.); Asteraceae Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Guyana Asia: Hongkong, China Oceania: Australia 28. 4Rhamphicarpa fistulosa II Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Zea Africa: Africa Tropic, South Africa, 6(Hochst)Benth; (= R. mays (jagung, corn, maize), Rumput- Tanzania, Kayela, Mbunga . Longiflora); Schropulariaceae rumputan 29. 4Rhinanthus angustifolius (C. II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), America: North America 4Gmelin); (=Alecterolophus Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Asia: Turkey, Caucasus, Armenia, . major = A. glaber= A. Azerbaijan, Georgia montanus = R. apterus = R. Europe: Denmark, Finland, Norway, glaberR. major = R. serotinus); Sweden, United Kingdom, Austria, Orobanchaceae; greater Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany,
216 yellow-rattle Hungary, Netherland, Poland, Switzerland, France, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Balkans, Russia 30. 4Rhinanthus minor (L.); II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), America: North America, Canada, 5Orobanchaceae; yellow rattle, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) USA . cockscomb Asia: West Asia, Siberia Europe: Russia 31. 4Striga aspera (Willd.), (= II Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize), millet, Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, . Euphrasia aspera Willd); Oryza sativa(padi, rice, paddy) Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Orobanchaceae; parasitic Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Tanzania, Gambia, Malawi, Niger, weed, witchweed Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Togo 32. 5Striga forbesii II Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize), Sorghum Africa:Madagascar, South Africa . (Benth);Orobanchaceae; bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) parasitic weed, Buchera forbesii (Benth) D. Dietr.; giant maize witchweed, giant mealie witchweed 33. 5Striga gesnerioides(Willd) II Nicotianatabacum Africa: Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, 3Vatke; (=S. Orobanchoides = (tembakau,tobacco), Guinea, Kenya, Mozambique, . Buchnera Ipomoeabatatas(ubijalar,sweet potato), Sudan, Zimbabwe gesnerioides);Orobanchaceae; Vignaspp.(cowpea) America: USA, Florida, Guyana cowpea witchweed Asia: Morocco, Sri Langka, India, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Japan, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Yemen Oceania: Australia 34. 4Striga hermonthica II Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Oryza Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina . (Delile)Benth.; (= S. sativa(padi, rice, paddy), Panicum Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, senegalensis);Scrophulariacec (millets), Saccharum officinarum Egypt, Gambia, Malawi, Mali,
217 a; parasitic weed, purple (tebu,sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, witchweed (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, Niger, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, corn,maize) Guinea, Kenya, Namibia, Eragrostis tef (teff), Hordeum vulgare Madagascar, Sudan, Ethiopia, (barli, barley) Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Cambodia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Peninsula 35. 5Striga latericea (Vatke); (= S. II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar Africa: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, . somaliensis);Orobanchaceae; cane) Somalia, Mali, Central Africa parasitic weed, cowpea Republic witchweed 36. 5Striga II Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize) Africa: Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, . passargei(Engl.);Orobanchace Nigeria ae; parasitic weed Asia: Saudi Arabia 37. 5Thesium australe (R. Br.); II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), grasses, Oceania: Australia . Santalaceae; Austral toadflax, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar Austral Toad-flax, Australian cane) Toadflax 38. 5Thesium humile (Vahl.); II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), grasses, Africa: North Africa . Santalaceae; lesser Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar Asia: Israel bastardtoadflax cane) Europe: Spain 39. . Thesium II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), grasses, Africa: South Africa resdoides;Santalaceae Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar cane)
VI. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/PSEUDOFUNGY)
No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ GOLONGA INANG/ MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR/
218 KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ N/ GROUP HOST PEMBAWA/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ PATHWAY TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. [a]: - I Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, biji, media Africa: Angola, Botswana, [s]: Claviceps africana (Fr.) ; sorghum) tanam Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana, =Sphacelia sorghi; Sorghum halepense (Johnson Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, grass) Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sordariomycetes Senegal. Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: India, Japan, Thailand, Yemen. Oceania: Australia. 2. [a]: - I Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) biji, media America: Mexico [s]: Claviceps gigantea tanam (Fuentes), de la Ista, Ullstrup & Rodrigues(1964); ( =Sphacelia gigantea); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; ergot of maize, horse's tooth 3. [a]: - I: jika MP Agrostis (bentgrasses), Avena biji, media Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia, Guinea, [s]: Sphacelia segetum Lév., tidak sativa (oat, oats), Cynodon tanam Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, 1827 diproses. (quickgrass), Festuca (fescues), Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa ( =Claviceps purpurea (Mantle); II: jika MP Hordeum (barleys), Hordeum (Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe). =Sphacelia sorghi diproses vulgare (barley), Lolium (rye America: Canada, Mexico, USA, =Claviceps microcephala grasses), Lolium perenne Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, (Wallr.) Tul., 1853; (perennial rye grass), Phleum Colombia, Chile, Venezuela,
219 Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (timothies), Poa (meadow Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Sordariomycetes; sugary grass), Poa pratensis (smooth- Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French disease stalked meadowgrass), Poaceae Guiana (grasses), Secale (rye), Secale Asia: Armenia, China, India, Iran, cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, South (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, (wheat), Triticum aestivum Philippines, Turkey. (gandum, wheat) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bromus (bromegrasses), Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Faroe Echinochloa spp., Panicum Islands, Finland, France, (millets), Pennisetum (feather Germany, Greece, Hungary, grass) Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 4. [a]: - I: jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao, bagian America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, [s]:Moniliophthora perniciosa tidak cocoa), tanaman Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, (Stahel) Aime & Phillips- diproses. Bixa orellana Grenada, Guyana, Panama, Mora (2006) =Marasmius II: jika MP Peru,St. Vincent and the perniciosus (Stahel, 1915) diproses Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad =Crinipellis perniciosa and Tobago, Venezuela (Stahel) (Singer, 1943) Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; cocoa witches’ broom disease 5. [a]: - I: jika MP Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) daun, Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, [s]: Exobasidium reticulatum tidak batang Malaysia
220 Ito & Sawada; diproses. muda Basidiomycota, II: jika MP Ustilaginomycotina, diproses Exobasidiomycetes; net blister blight of tea 6. [a]: - I: jika MP Albizia falcataria (L.), Albizia batang, Africa: Jamaica [s]: Fomes robiniae (Murr) Sacc tidak lelbeck, Robinia pseudo acacia, akar Asia: India, Ceylon, Pakistan and D. Sacc (1905) =F. diproses. Anogeissus latifolia, Boswellia Oceania: Australia, Samon rimosus =Phellinus robiniae II: jika MP serrata, Casuarina strieta, (Murrill) A. Ames 1913 diproses Dalberbia sissoo, Eucalyptus =Pyropolyporus robiniae spp, Querus sp., Shrea robusta, Murrill 1903 =Fulvifomes Terminalia bellarica, Terminalia robiniae (Murrill) Murrill tomentosa, Morus alba, Pistacia 1914; lentiscus Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; Yellow spongy rot 7. [a]: - I: jika MP Abies alba (silver fir), Abies batang, Africa: Egypt, Morocco [s]:Fomitopsis pinicola(Sw.: Fr.) tidak amabilis (Pacific silver fir), akar America: Guatemala, Canada, P. Karst. 1881; ( =Boletus diproses. Abies concolor (Rocky Mountain Mexico, USA, Brazil pinicola Sw.: Fr. 1810; II: jika MP white fir), Abies holophylla Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Fomes pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Fr. diproses (Manchurian fir), Abies Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, 1849; Placodes pinicola magnifica (red fir), Abies Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, (Sw.: Fr.) Pat. 1887; nephrolepis (Khingan fir), Philippines, Thailand, Turkey Polyporus pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Abiesprocera (noble fir), Abies Europe: Austria, Belarus, Fr. 1821; Pseudofomes religiosa (sacred fir), Acer Bulgaria, Czech Republic, pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Lázaro macrophyllum (broadleaf Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ibiza 1916; Trametes maple), Agathis, Betula Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst. papyrifera (paper birch), Larix and Herzegovina, Montenegro, 1882 gmelinii (Dahurian larch), Picea Macedonia, France, Germany, Basidiomycota, abies (common spruce), Picea Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
221 Agaricomycotina, glauca (white spruce), Picea Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Agaricomycetes; brown jezoensis (Yeddo spruce), Picea Poland, Romania, Russia, crumbly rot, pinicola conk, red koraiensis (Korean spruce), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, belt fungus, root rot conifers, Picea mariana (black spruce), Switzerland, Ukraine, UK brown rot of conifers, brown Picea obovata (Siberian spruce), Oceania: Australia, cubical heart rot of fir Picea rubens (red spruce), Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinusedulis (pinyon), Pinus flexilis (limber pine), Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus sargentii (sargent's cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), Tsuga mertensiana (Patton's hemlock), Vitis (grape) Abies balsamea (balsam fir), Abies grandis (grand fir), Abies lasiocarpa (rocky mountain fir), Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir), Acer pictum (painted maple), Alnus glutinosa (European alder), Alnus incana (grey alder), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula pendula (common silver birch), Betula platyphylla (Manchurian birch),
222 Betula populifolia (gray birch), Calocedrus decurrens (bastard cedar), Carpinus betulus (hornbeam), Carpinus cordata (heart-leaved hornbeam), Carya (hickories), Castanea (chestnuts), Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska cedar), Corylusavellana (hazel), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch), Larix komarovii, Larix laricina (American larch), Magnolia, Malus domestica (apple), Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), Picea pungens (blue spruce), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus monophylla (single- leaf pinyon pine), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pinus sibirica (Siberian stone pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus tabuliformis (chinese pine), Platanus occidentalis (sycamore), Platanus orientalis (plane), Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth aspen), Populus maximowiczii (Japanese poplar), Populus nigra (black
223 poplar), Populus tremula (aspen (European)), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), Prunusavium (sweet cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Salix alba (white willow), Salix caprea (pussy willow), Salix fragilis (crack willow), Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Thuja plicata (western redcedar), Tilia cordata (small- leaf lime), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) 8. [a]: - I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), akar, Africa: Egypt, South Africa [s]:Gaeumannomyces graminis tidak Triticum aestivum (gandum, batang, America: Peru, USA var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & diproses. wheat), Zea mays (jagung, daun, biji, Asia: India, Philippines D.L. Olivier (1952); ( II: jika MP corn, maize), Zizania spp., media =Rhaphidophora graminis diproses Avena spp., secale, Poaceae, tanam Sacc. (1875); Cynodon spp., Eremochloa Gaeumannomyces graminis ophiuroides, Pennisetum (Sacc.) Arx & D. Olivier clandestinum, Stenotaphrum (1952); Ophiobolus graminis secundatum, Zoysia japonica (Sacc.) Sacc. (1881); Ophiobolus oryzinus Sacc. (1916); Linocarpon oryzinum (Sacc.) Petr. (1952); Gaeumannomyces oryzinus (Sacc.) Schrantz (1961) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
224 Sordariomycetes; crown sheath rot, crown sheath rot of rice, patch disease of turf, white-heads of grasses 9. [a]: - I: jika MP Saccharum officinarum (tebu, daun Asia: Taiwan [s]: Leptosphaeria taiwanensis tidak sugarcane) W.Y. Yen & C.C. Chi: 213 diproses (1952); ( =Didymella II. jika MP taiwanensis (J.M. Yen & diproses C.C. Chi) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., (1989); Saccharicola taiwanensis (J.M. Yen & C.C. Chi) O.E. Erikss. & D. Hawksw., (2003) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; sugar cane leaf blight 10. [a]: - I: jika MP Cocos nucifera (kelapa, buah, Africa: Kenya,Tanzania [s]:Marasmiellus cocophilus tidak coconut) daun, Oceania: Solomon Islands Pegler; diproses Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa batang, Basidiomycota, II. jika MP colona, Eleusine indica media Agaricomycotina, diproses tanam Agaricomycetes; basal stem break, lethal bole rot of coconut 11. [a]: - I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) akar, daun, Africa: Egypt [s]:Marasmiellus inoderma tidak Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), batang, Oceania: Samoa America, Samoa (Berk.) Singer (1955); (= diproses Musa spp. (pisang, banana), tanaman, Marasmius inoderma Berk. II. jika MP Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) tanah. Basidiomycota, diproses Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; crown rot of
225 rice, pre-emergence shoot rot, root rot of maize, sheath rot of maize 12. [a]: - I: jika MP Vitis vinifera (anggur, buah America: USA [s]:Microthyriella tidak grapevine), Malus domesticum Asia: China, India, Japan rubiPetr.;(=Schizothyrina diproses (apel, apple), Citrus spp.(jeruk, rubiSchizothyrina rubi (Petr.)) II. jika MP orange) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses Dothideomycetes; fly speck 13. [a]: - I: jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao, buah, biji America: Brazil, Colombia,Costa [s]:Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) tidak cocoa) Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, H.C. Evans, Stalpers, diproses Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Samson & Benny (1978); (= II. jika MP Peru, Venezuela Monilia roreri Cif. (1933) diproses Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; frosty pod rot, monilia pod rot, pod rot of cocoa, quevedo disease, watery pod rot of cocoa 14. [a]: - I: jika MP Manihot esculenta (singkong, umbi, akar, Africa: Madagascar [s]:Laetiporus baudonii (Pat.) tidak cassava), batang Ryvarden (1991); ( diproses =Polyporus baudonii Pat. II. jika MP (1914) =Polyporus baudoni diproses =Cladoporus baudonii (Pat.) Teixeira (1994) =Pseudophaeolus baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden (1975) =Phaeolus manihotis R. Heim (1931) Basidiomycota,
226 Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; root rot 15. [a]: - I: jika MP Crataegus monogyna daun, Africa: Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, [s]: Podosphaera clandestina tidak (hawthorn), Cydonia oblonga buah, Zimbabwe var. clandestina, (1851); diproses (quince), Prunus armeniaca batang America: Canada, USA (=Alphitomorpha clandestina II. jika MP (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet muda Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Wallr., (1819) =Erysiphe diproses cherry), Prunus domestica India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, clandestina (Wallr.) Link, (plum), Prunus salicina Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (1824) =Erysiphe (Japanese plum) (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, oxyacanthae DC., (1815) Lebanon, Turkey, Turkmenistan, =Podosphaera kunzei Lév., Uzbekistan (1851) =Microsphaera Europe: Austria, Belgium, fulvofulcra Cooke (1851) Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech =Podosphaera minor Howe, Republic, Denmark, Estonia, (1874) Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Leotiomycetes; powdery Montenegro, Macedonia, France, mildew of cherry; powdery Germany, Greece, Hungary, mildew of hawthorn; mildew of Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, quince Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
16. [a]: Sclerotium cepivorum I: jika MP Allium (onions, garlic, leek, umbi, akar, Africa: Egypt, Libya, South Africa, [s]:Stromatinia cepivorum tidak etc.), Alliumcepa (onion), Allium batang Uganda, Zimbabwe (Berk.) Whetzel ; diproses cepa var. aggregatum (shallot), America: Canada, Mexico, USA, ≡Stromatinia cepivora II. jika MP Allium fistulosum (Welsh Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, (Berk.,1945) =Stromatinia diproses onion), Allium porrum (leek), Colombia, Guyana, Uruguay, cepivorum (Berk., 1945) Allium sativum (garlic), Allium Venezuela
227 Basidiomycota, schoenoprasum (chives) Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Agaricomycotina, Philippines Agaricomycetes; white rot of Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, onion and garlic, onion white Cyprus, Czech Republic and root rot, bulb rot of onion, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Allium white rot, onion white France, Germany, Greece, rot Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 17. [a]: - I: jika MP Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, biji Africa: Botswana, Burundi, [s]:Sporisorium cruentum(J.G. tidak sorghum) Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, Kühn) Vanky (1985); ( diproses Saccharum officinarum (tebu, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, =Sphacelotheca cruenta(J.G. II. jika MP sugarcane) Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Kühn) Potter(1912) =S.holci diproses Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, =Ustilago cruentaJ.G. Kühn Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, (1872) =Endothlaspis sorghi Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Sorokin (1890) =Cintractia Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, sorghi (Sorokin) De Toni Zambia, Zimbabwe (1888) =Sphacelotheca America: Argentina, Barbados, sorokiniana Cif. (1928) Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, =Ustilago sorghi Pass. (1873) Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Basidiomycota, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Ustilaginomycotina, Puerto Rico, USA,Venezuela Ustilaginomycetes; loose Asia: Afghanistan, China, Taiwan, kernel smut, loose smut, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, sorghum loose kernel smut South Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Rusia,
228 Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 18. [a]: - I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji Africa: South Africa, Mexico, USA [s]:Tilletia indica Mitra(1931)( tidak wheat) Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, =Neovossia indica(Mitra) diproses Iraq, Nepal, Pakistan Mundk (1940); II. jika MP Basidiomycota, diproses Ustilaginomycotina, Exobasidiomycetes; Karnal bunt of wheat, Indian bunt of wheat, partial bunt of wheat, new bunt 19. [a]: - I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji, batang, Africa: Algeria, Angola, Egypt, [s]:Tilletia laevis J. G. tidak wheat) bunga Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Kühn(1873); ( =Tilletia diproses . Morocco, Somalia, South Africa, foetens (Berk. & M.A. II. jika Tunisia, Zimbabwe Curtis) J. Schröt (1877) MP America: Argentina, Canada, =Tilletia foetida =Ustilago diproses Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, foetensBerk. & M.A. Curtis USA, Uruguay, Venezuela, (1874); Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Basidiomycota, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Ustilaginomycotina, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Exobasidiomycetes; common Korea, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, bunt, complete bunt, covered Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, smut, hill bunt, smooth- Turkey, Turkmenistan, spored wheat bunt, stinking Uzbekistan bunt, stinking wheat smut Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,
229 Macedonia,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania : Australia, New Zealand 20. [a]: - I: jika MP Triticum spp. (gandum, wheat) biji, bunga, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, [s]:Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) G. tidak Agropyron spp., Bromusspp., batang Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, South Winter (1884); ( =Tilletia diproses Elymusspp., Festucaspp., Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul. II. jika MP Hordeumspp., Poaspp., Secale Zimbabwe (1847) =Uredo caries DC. diproses sereale, Lolium spp. America: Argentina, Canada, (1815) =Uredo Sitophila Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Ditmar (1816) =Caeoma Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, sitophilum (Ditmar) Link Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela (1825) =Tilletia sitophila Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, (Ditmar) J. Schröt. (1877) Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, Basidiomycota, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ustilaginomycotina, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Exobasidiomycetes; complete Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, rough-spored wheat bunt, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan stinking smut, wheat bunt, Europe: Austria, common bunt Belgium,Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
230 UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 21. [a]: - I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum, bunga, Africa: Algeria, Egypt,Morocco, [s]:Urocystis agropyri(Preuss) tidak wheat) daun,tangk South Africa, Tunisia A.A. Fisch. Waldh. (1867); ( diproses Agropyron, Elymus repens, ai malai, America: Argentina, Canada, =Uredo agropyri Preuss II. jika MP Agropyron smithii, Agrostis biji Chile, Falkland Islands, (1848) =Polycystis agrropyri diproses stolonifera var. palustris, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, (Preuss) J. Schröt. (1877) Agrostis capillaris, Alopecurus, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela =Tuburcinia agropyri Avena sativa (oat, oats ), Asia: Afghanistan, China,Taiwan, (Preuss) Liro (1922) Bromus carinatus, Bromus India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, =Tubircinia agropyri-juncei marginatus, Carex, Dactylis Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Vienn.-Bourg. (1954) glomerata, Elymus, Festuca Nepal, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, =Urocystis agropyri-juncei rubra, Lolium, Phleum pratense, Uzbekistan (Vienn.-Bourg.) H. Zogg. Poa spp., Trisetum Europe: Baltic area, Bulgaria, (1986) =Tuburcinia elymi Cif. Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, (1931) =Urocystis elymi (Cif.) Denmark, Estonia, Finlania, Schwarzman (1960) France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, =Urocystis preussii J.G. Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Kühn (1874) Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Basidiomycota, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Ustilaginomycotina, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Ustilaginomycetes; flag smut, UK flag smut of wheat, stem smut, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand stripe smut 22. [a]: - I: jika MP Allium spp. umbi, Africa: Egypt, Gabon, Morocco [s]:Urocystis cepulaeFrost. tidak Anthirinum sp. daun, America: Canada,Chile, Cuba, (1877)( =Tuburcinia cepulae diproses batang Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Frost (1877) =Urocystis II. jika MP Lucia, USA magica Pass. (1875) diproses Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, =Tuburcinia magica (Pass.) Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea,
231 Liro (1922) =Urocystis allii Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Schellenb. (1911) Tajikistan, Thailand =Tuburcinia allii (Schellenb.) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Liro (1922) =Tuburcinia Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Malta, oblonga Massenot (1953) Denmark, Finlania, France, =Urocystis oblonga Germany, Greece, Italy, (Massenot) H. Zogg (1986) Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Basidiomycota, Rusia, Slovakia,Sweden, Ustilaginomycotina, Switzerland, UK,Serbia, Slovenia, Ustilaginomycetes; leek smut, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, onion smut Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 23. [a]: - I: jika MP Gladiolus spp. umbi, daun Asia: Iran [s]:Urocystis gladiolicolaAinsw. tidak (1950); ( =Tuburcinia diproses gladiolicola (Ainsw.) Cif. II. jika MP (1963) diproses Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; smut 24. [a]: - I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum, bunga, Africa: Egypt [s]: Ustilago nuda f.sptritici tidak wheat), Secale sereale (barley) daun, America: Canada, USA (Schaffnit); ( =Ustilago nuda diproses tangkai Asia: China, India, Pakistan f.sp. hordei); II. jika MP malai, biji Europe: Ireland, Rusia, Basidiomycota, diproses Switzerland, UK Ustilaginomycotina, Oceania: Australia Ustilaginomycetes; barley loose smut 25. [a]: - I: jika MP Silene pratensis, Cerastium, bunga, America: North America, USA [s]:Ustilago violacea(Pers.) tidak Dyanthus,Caryophyllaceae daun, Europe: Sweden, Roussel; ( =( =Microbotryum diproses tangkai violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml & II. jika MP malai, biji
232 Oberw. =Uredo violacea diproses Pers. =Caeoma violaceum (Pers.) Nees =Uredo antherarum DC. =Ustilago antherarum (DC.) Fr. =Caeoma antherarum (DC.) Schltdl. =Microbotryum antherarum (DC.) Lév. =Erysibe antherarum (DC.) Wallr. =Ustilago silenes- nutantis Liro) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; Caryophyllaceae anther smut 26. [a]: - I: jika MP Sorghum sudanense, Sorghum biji, bunga, Africa: Burkina Faso, Burundi, [s]: Sphacelotheca reiliana (J. tidak bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea daun, akar, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, G. Kühn) G.P Clinton;( diproses mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zea batang, Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, =Cintractia reiliana (J. G. II. jika MP mays subsp. mays (sweet corn) media Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Kühn) Clinton diproses Andropogon, Zea mexicana (Zea tanam Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, =Sorosporium holci-sorghi mays subsp. mexicana) Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, (Rivolta) Moesz Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, =Sorosporium Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, reilianum(J.G. Kühn) Zimbabwe McAlpine =Sphacelotheca America: Argentina, Barbados, holci-sorghi (Rivolta) Cif. Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, =Sporisorium holci-sorghi Colombia, El Salvador, (Rivolta) Vánky Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, =Sporisorium reilianum(J. Mexico, Panama, USA, Uruguay G. Kühn) Langdon & Full. Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, =Ustilago holci-sorghi Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Rivolta =Ustilago reiliana J. Korea Republic of, Malaysia,
233 G. Kühn) Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Basidiomycota; Philippines, Taiwan, Yemen Microbotryales;Microbotryacea Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, e; Head smut of maize, loose Cyprus, Czech Republic and smut Slovakia, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro,Moldova, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 27. [a]: Alternaria citriEllis & N. I: jika MP Citrus sp., Citrus jambhiri buah, dan Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Pierce(1992); tidak (rough lemon), Citrus junos daun. Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, [s]: - diproses (yuzu), Citrus limon (lemon), Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP Citrus medica (citron), Citrus Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Dothideomycetes; stalk end diproses reticulata (mandarin), Citrus Zimbabwe rot, stem end rot, navel end sinensis (navel orange) America: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto rot, core rot of citrus, black rot Rico, North America, Mexico, of citrus fruit, brown spot of USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, citrus, black rot of Citrus, fruit Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, rot of Citrus, core rot of Citrus. Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
234 Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russia, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 28. [a]: Aposphaeria ulei Henn. I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet, tanaman, America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, (1904); ( = Fusicladium tidak rubber tree) batang Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,El heveae K. Schub. & U. diproses muda, Salvador, Guyana France, Braun (2003) =Fusicladium II. jika MP daun, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, macrosporum Kuyper (1911) diproses buah, alat Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, =Passalora heveae Massee angkut, alat Panama, Peru, Suriname, 1913 pertanian, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela [s]:Microcyclus ulei (Henn.) Arx media (1962); ( =Dothidella ulei pembawa Henn. (1904) lainnya =Melanopsammopsis ulei (Henn.) Stahel (1917) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; American leaf blight of rubber 29. [a]: Armillaria heimii Pegler I: jika MP Anacardium occidentalis (jambu akar, Africa: Angola, Cameroon, DR (1977); (=Clitocybe elegans tidak mede, cashew nut), Camellia batang, Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, R. Heim (1963); Armillariella diproses cinensis (teh, tea), Coffea tanah Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, elegans (R. Heim, 1974) II. jika MP arabica (kopi, arabica coffe), Madagascar, Mozambique, [s]: - diproses Coffea canephora (kopi, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Basidiomycota, robusta coffea), Hevea Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Agaricomycotina, brasiliensis (karet, rubber), Zimbabwe Agaricomycetes; armillaria Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, root rot; honey root rot cassava), Pinus ellioti (slash pine), Pinus radiate (radiate pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (Japanese
235 plum), Tectona grandis (teak), Theobromoa cacao (coklat, cocoa) Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood), Araucaria cunninghamii (colonial pine), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarinas), Cinnamamum camphora (camphor laurel), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Delonix regia (gold mohar), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Eucalyptus citriodora (lemon-scented gum), Grevillea robusta (silky oak), Jacaranda mimosifolia (Brazilian rosewood), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Pinus strobes (eastern white pine), Prunus (buah batu, stone fruit), Schinus molle (false pepper tree), swietenia (mahogany). 30. [a]: Ascochyta boltshauseri I: jika MP Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) biji, polong, America: Colombia Sacc. =Stagonosporopsis tidak Fabaceae, Poaceae daun, hortensis =Stagonospora diproses batang, hortensis =Ascochyta II. jika MP tanah hortensis = diproses Stagonosporopsis boltshauseri =Phoma boltshauseri =Hendersonia
236 hortensis =Phoma subboltshauseri); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; bean blotch, bean leaf spot 31. [a]: Ascochyta I: jika MP Gossypium barbadens (kapas, biji, buah, Africa: Benin, DR Congo, gossypii(Woronichin) Syd.; tidak cotton) daun, Ethiopia, Kenya, [s]: - diproses Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot batang Mauritius,Nigeria, South Africa, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP pepper, chilies, red pepper), Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Dothideomycetes; ascochyta diproses Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, Zambia, Zimbabwe blight of cotton, ascochyta leaf lady’s finger), Solanum America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, spot, ascochyta seedling melongena (terung, eggplant, Colombia, Guatemala, Jamaica, blight, ashen spot, wet aubergine),Nicotiana tabacum Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, weather blight of cotton. (tembakau, tobacco), Glycine USA,Venezuela max (kedelai, soybean), Vigna Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, unguiculata, Hibiscus spp., Taiwan, Georgia, India, Japan, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines Europe: Greece Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea 32. [a]: Boeremia exigua var. I: jika MP Linum ussitatissimum (flax) buah, America: Canada linicola (Naumov & tidak Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) bunga, biji, Europe: Belgium, Czech, Vassiljevsky) Aveskamp, diproses batang, Denmark, Estonia, France, Gruyter & Verkley (2010); ( II. jika MP akar, Germany, Italy, Latvia, = Ascochyta linicola Naumov diproses Netherlands, Russia, Spain, & Vassiljevsky (1926) Slovakia [s]: Phoma exigua f. sp. linicola Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (Naumov & Vassiljevsky) Malc. & E.G. Gray (1968) =Phoma exigua var. linicola (Naumov & Vassiljevsky)
237 P.W.T. Maas (1965) =Phoma belgica Cash (1972) =Phoma linicola É.J. Marchal & Verpl. (1926) =Diplodina lini Moesz & Smarods (1930) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; foot rot of flax 33. [a]: Botrytis aclada Fresen. I: jika MP Allium (onions, garlic, leek, umbi Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, =Botrytis allii Munn tidak etc.), Allium cepa (onion), lapis,daun, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia =Botrytis septospora El- diproses Allium cepa var. aggregatum bunga, biji America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Helaly et al.; II. jika MP (shallot) Jamaica, Panama, Canada, USA, [s]: - diproses Allium porrum (leek), Allium Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, sativum (garlic) Venezuela Leotiomycetes; grey mould of Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, onion, neck rot of onion, leaf China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, rot of onion, small sclerotial Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of neck rot fungus, neck rot (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, fungus, grey mould neck rot of Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Vietnam onion, small sclerotial onion Europe: Austria, Belgium, neck rot Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 34. [a]: Botrytis gladiolorum I: jika MP Gladiolus spp. umbi, Asia: Pakistan Timmerm(1941)( tidak tanaman =Sclerotinia draytonii) diproses [s]:Botryotinia II. jika MP
238 draytonii(Buddin & diproses Wakefield) Seaver; Ascomycetes; corm rot 35. [a]: Botrytis porri N.F. Buchw. I: jika MP Allium (onions, garlic, leek, umbi America: Canada, USA, Chile (1949); (=Sclerotinia porri tidak etc.), Allium cepa (onion), lapis,daun, Europe: Finland, Germany, J.F.H. Beyma (1927) diproses Allium porrum (leek) bunga, biji Hungary, Norway, UK [s]: Botryotinia porri(H.J.F. II. jika MP Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Beyma) Whetzel (1945); diproses Ascomycetes; Botrytis rot of garlic, Botrytis rot of leek, seedling damping-off of onion, neck rot of onion, mycelia onion neck rot 36. [a]: Botrytis squamosaJ.C. I: jika MP Allium (onions, garlic, leek, umbi Africa: Mauritius Walker, (1925) tidak etc.), Allium cepa (onion) lapis,daun, America: Canada, USA, Brazil [s]:Botryotinia diproses Allium chinense (spring onion), bunga, biji Asia: China, Japan, Korea, DPR, squamosaVienn.-Bourg. II. jika MP Allium fistulosum (Welsh Korea Republic of (South Korea) (1953); (=Sclerotinia diproses onion), Allium schoenoprasum Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech squamosa (Vienn.-Bourg. (chives), Allium tuberosum Republic, France, Germany, 1956) (Oriental garlic) Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Poland, UK, Scotland Leotiomycetes; leaf blight of Oceania: New Caledonia, New onion, neck rot of onion, small Zealand sclerotial neck rot, onion leaf blight, onion neck rot 37. [a]: Botrytis tulipae Lind. I: jika MP Tulipa (tulip) umbi America: Canada, USA, (1913) =Sclerotium tulipae tidak Allium cepa (onion), Lilium (lily) lapis,daun, Argentina, Chile Lib. =Botrytis parasitica diproses bunga, biji Asia: Iraq, Japan, Korea, DPR, Cavara (1888); II. jika MP Korea Republic of (South Korea), [s]: - diproses Philippines Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Leotiomycetes; tulip fire Bulgaria, Czech Republic and
239 Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Italy, Jersey, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 38. [a]: Catacauma huberi (Henn.) I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet, daun, America: Brazil, Guyana Theiss. & Syd. 1915; ( = tidak rubber tree) batang Phyllachora huberi Henn. diproses muda (1900) II. jika MP [s]: - diproses Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; black spot, tar spot 39. [a]: Cephalosporiumgregatum I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) biji Africa: Egypt Alling & Chamb; tidak America: Canada, Mexico, USA =Acremoniumgregatum diproses Asia:Japan =Phialophora gregata II. jika MP Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, (Allington & D.W. Chamb.) diproses Bosnia and Herzegovina, W. Gams, (1971); Montenegro, Macedonia [s]:Cadophora gregata (Allington & D.W. Chamb.) T.C. Harr. & McNew, (2003); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
240 Sordariomycetes;brown batang rot 40. [a]: Cercospora duddiaeWelles I: jika MP Allium ascalonicum (bawang tanaman, America: Barbados, Jamaica (1923); tidak merah, shallot), Allium daun Asia: India [s]: - diproses schoenoprasum (bawang Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP daun/leeks, chives) Dothideomycetes; leaf spot of diproses onion and garlic, withertip onion of and garlic, leaf spot: garlic, leaf spot: onion 41. [a]: Cercospora I: jika MP Elaeis guineensis (kelapa buah, biji, Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, elaeidisSteyaert (1948); tidak sawit, oilpalm) daun, DR Congo, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, [s]:Pseudospiropes elaeidis diproses Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory (Steyaert) Deighton, (1985); II. jika MP Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Dothideomycetes; cercospora Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, leaf spot, freckle of oil palm, Zimbabwe, Antilles Netherlands, leaf spot of oil palm, oil palm Suriname leaf spot Oceania: Australia 42. [a]: Cercospora epipactidis; I: jika MP Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) daun, Europe: Italy, Germany, Rusia. =Cercospora missal ex. Sacc. tidak batang, (1911); diproses tangkai [s]: - II. jika MP bunga Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses Dothideomycetes; leaf spot 43. [a]: Colletotrichum I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) buah, Africa: Angola, Burundi, kahawaeJ.M Waller & tidak bunga, Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Bridge (1993); diproses batang, Congo,Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, (=Colletotrichum coffeanum II. jika MP Malawi, Mozambique, =C.coffeanum 'var. diproses Rwanda,Tanzania, Uganda, virulans'); Zambia, Zimbabwe
241 [s]: - America: Cuba Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; anthracnose of coffee, brown blight of coffee, coffee berry disease 44. [a]: Colletotrichum I: jika MP Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, biji, bunga, Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina sublineolum(Henn.) ex Sacc. tidak sorghum) daun, Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, & Trotter (1913) diproses Poaceae (grasses), Zizania batang, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, =Colletotrichum sublineolum II. jika MP aquatica (annual wildrice) Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Henn. ex Sacc. & Trotter diproses Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, (1913); Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra [s]: - Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Sordariomycetes; sorghum Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. anthracnose, stalk red rot of America: Argentina, Brazil, sorghum, red leaf spot of Barbados, Canada, Colombia, sorghum, head blight of Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, sorghum Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Guyana, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Europe: Romania, UK. Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands 45. [a]: Coniothyrium fuckelii Sacc. I: jika MP Rubus spp., Rosa spp. (mawar, tanaman, Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, (1878); ( =Microsphaeropsis tidak rose). batang, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, fuckelii (Sacc.) Boerema diproses Ribes, Vaccinium, Fragaria, media Zambia, Zimbabwe
242 [s]:Sphaeria coniothyrium II. jika MP Bambusa, Juniperus, Malus tanam America: Argentina, Brazil, Fuckel, (1870); ( diproses domesticum (apel, apple), Pinus Colombia, Cuba, Canada, USA =Leptosphaeria coniothyrium sylvestris, buah batu (stone Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, China, (Fuckel) Sacc., (1875); fruit), Taxus, Thuja India, Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Diapleella coniothyrium Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, (Fuckel) M.E. Barr, (1986); Turkmenistan Kalmusia coniothyrium Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, (Fuckel) Huhndorf, (1992); Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Melanomma coniothyrium Estonia, Finland, France, (Fuckel) L. Holm, (1957); Germany, Greece, Hungary, Sphaeria coniothyrium Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Fuckel, (1870) Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Rusia, Slovakia, Spain, Dothideomycetes; cane blight, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, rose blight, apple canker, pine Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, needle blight, rose stem Montenegro, Macedonia, canker Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 46. [a]: Coniothyrium I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) tanaman, America: Canada, USA wernsdorffiaeLaubert tidak batang Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, (91905); =Coniothyrium diproses Denmark, France, Germany, cystotricha; II. jika MP Greece, Italy, Lithuania, [s]: - diproses Netherlands, Poland, Rusia, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Dothideomycetes; rose brand Oceania: Australia canker 47. [a]: Cylindrocarpon I: jika MP Albizia lebbeck, Acer batang, Africa: South Africa, Madagascar heteronemum (Berk. & tidak pseudoplatanus, Aesculus buah, America: North America Broome) Wollenw. (1928); ( diproses hippocastanum, Ainus polong Asia: Japan = Fusarium willkommii J. II. jika MP glutinosa, Batula pubescens, Europe: England Lindau (1909) diproses Juglans sp, Fraxinus excelsior, =Cylindrocarpon willkommii Fogus silvatica, Platanus
243 (Lindau) Wollenw. (1928) orientalis, Pupulus spp, Quercus =Cylindrocarpon willkommii robus, Salix alba, S. vitallina, var. minus Wollenw. (1928) Tillia spp, Ulmus glabra =Cylindrocarpon willkommii var. pluriseptatum Wollenw. (1928) [s]:Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman (2006); (=Nectria ditissima Tul. & C. Tul. (1865) =Nectria ditissima var. ditissima Wollenw. (1865) =Nectria ditissima var. arctica Wollenw. (1926) =Nectria galligena Bres.(1901) =Neonectria galligena (Bres.) Rossman & Samuels (1999) =Fusarium heteronemum Berk. & Broome (1865) =Cylindrocarpon heteronema (Berk. & Broome) Wollenw. (1928) =Nectria magnoliae M.L. Lohman & Hepting (1943) =Fusarium mali Allesch. (1892) =Cylindrocarpon mali (Allesch.) Wollenw. (1928) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Hardwoods perennial canker, nectria cancer
244 48. [a]: Dematophora necatrix R. I: jika MP Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi tanaman, Africa: Central Africa, DR Congo, Hartig (1883) =Graphium tidak fruit), Begonia, Boehmeria umbi, akar, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, desmazierii Sacc. diproses nivea (rami, ramie), Camellia batang, Mozambique, Nigeria, South (1878)[1879] =Hypoxylon II. jika MP sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus spp., media Africa, Réunion necatrix (R. Hartig) P.M.D. diproses Cydonia oblonga, Cynara tanam America: Argentina, Brazil, Martin (1976) =Rhizomorpha scolymus (artisyok, artichoke), Colombia, Dominica, Mexico, USA necatrix R. Hartig (1883) Cyclamen, Dianthus, Eriobotrya Asia: China,Taiwan, Georgia, [s]:Rosellinia japonica, Ficus carica, Fragaria India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, necatrixPrill.(1902); vesca (arbei, strawberry), South Korea, Lebanon, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Jasminum sambac (melati, Philippines, Turkey Sordariomycetes; jasmine), Malus domesticum Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, dematophora root rot, white (apel, apple), Morus, Narcissus, Cyprus, France, Germany, root rot of trees Olea europea sub sp. europea Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, (zaitum, olive), Paeonia, Southern Russia, Spain, Populus, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, cherry), Pyrus communis (pir, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and pear), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Herzegovina, Montenegro, Viola, Vitis vinifera (anggur, Macedonia, grapevine) Oceania: New Zealand cerealia, Abies alba, Acacia, Acer, Aesculus, Annona,Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Berberis, Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ceanothus megacarpus, Cedrus atlantica, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Castanea sativa, Cotoneaster, Carya, Corylus avellana, Cyperus esculentus, Daucus
245 carota (wortel, carrot), Diospyros, Eucalyptus, Fagus,Feijoa sellowiana, Fragaria, Gladiolus hybrids, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Humulus lupulus, Hyacinthus, Ilex aquifolium, Iris, Juglans, Juglans regia, Ixia, Lavandula, Larix decidua, Ligustrum vulgare, Laurus nobilis, Malus, Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Macadamia, Medicago sativa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pelargonium, Phaseolus, Pistacia vera, Picea abies, Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Platanus, buah batu (stone fruit), Protea, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyracantha, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), azalea, Ribes, Rubus spp., Rumex, Salix, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorbus aucuparia, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa),
246 Crocosmia crocosmiiflora, Tulipa, Ulmus, Viburnum, Vicia, Vitis, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Ziziphus jujuba, Zantedeschia 49. [a]: Denticularia mangiferae I: jika MP Mangifera indica (mangga, daun, buah Africa: Kenya (Bitanc. & Jenkins) Alcorn, tidak mango) America: Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Grice & R.A. Peterson 1999 diproses Dominica, Haiti, Jamaica, =Sphaceloma mangiferae II. jika MP Panama, Puerto Rico, USA Bitanc. & Jenkins 1956 diproses Asia: Taiwan, India, Nepal, [s]:Elsinoe mangiferae Bitanc. Philippines & Jenkins 1946 Oceania: Australia Ascomycetes; mango scab 50. [a]: Diplodia laelio- I: jika MP Cattleya sp. (anggrek cattleya, tanaman, America: all cattleyaeSibilia (1927); tidak cattleya) daun [s]: - diproses Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP Dothideomycetes; leaf spot diproses 51. [a]: Fusarium avenaceum(Fr.: I: jika MP Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) biji,akar Africa: Kenya, Nigeria Fr.) Sacc. (1886) =Fusarium tidak Clausena lansium (wampi), buah, America: Brazil, Chile, Mexico, roseum var. avenaceum Fr.: diproses Cucurbita (pumpkin), Fraxinus batang, Puerto Rico, Peru, USA Fr.) Wollenw. (1930 II. jika MP excelsior (ash), Gossypium media Asia: China, India, Iran =Fusarium avenaceum f.sp. diproses (cotton), Ipomea batatas, (sweet tanam Europe: Hungary, Poland, fabae =Fusarium avenaceum potato), Morus (melberrytree), Slovenia, UK subsp. aywerte) Oryza sativa (rice), Piper betle Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. [s]: Gibberella avenaceae R.J. (betel pepper), Pseudotsuga Cook (1967); menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pyrus Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, communis (European pear), Sordariomycetes; Fusarium Solanum tuberosum (potato), blight; head blight; stem base Theobroma cacao (cocoa) disease; scab
247 52. [a]: Fusarium I: jika MP Morus (mulberrytree), biji, akar, Africa: widespread, Nigeria chlamydosporumWollenw. & tidak Pennisetum glaucum (pearl batang, America: USA. Reinking 1925; (=Fusarium diproses millet), Sorghum bicolor media Asia: China, India (Haryana), fusarioides (Gonz. Frag. & II. jika MP (sorgum, sorghum) tanam Saudi Arabia. Cif. ) C. Booth 1971; diproses Oceania: Australia Fusarium sporotrichioides var. chlamydosporum (Wollenw. & Reinking) Joffe 1974 =Dactylium fusarioides Gonz. Frag. & Cif. 1928 [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; wilt cotton 53. [a]: Fusarium graminearum I: jika MP Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow biji, buah, Africa: widespread, Egypt, Schwabe (1838) ( =Fusarium tidak foxtail), Avena sativa (oats), bunga, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, roseum Link emend Snyder diproses Glycine max (kedelai, daun, akar, South Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, & Hansen (1945) II. jika MP soyabean), Hordeum vulgare batang, Zimbabwe. [s]:Gibberella zeae (Schwein.: diproses (barley), Linum usitassimum media America: Costa Rica, Dominica, Fr.) Petch (1936); ( (flax), Lupinus (lupins), tanam Grenada, Honduras, St. Lucia, St. =Sphaeria zeae Schwein.: Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Vincent and the Grenadines, Fr. (1822) =; Gibberella tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, Windward Island, Canada, roseum (Link) W.C. Snyder rice), Pennisetum glaucum Mexico, USA., Argentina, Bolivia, & E.M. Hans. (1945) =; (pearl millet), Secale cereale Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Gibberella roseum f. cerealis (rye), Sorghum bicolor Uruguay. (Cooke) W.C. Snyder & H.N. (sorghum), Triticum aestivum Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Hansen; = Gibberella (wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Kazakhstan, South Korea, saubinetii; =Gibberella maize) Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, cyanogena; Dothidea zeae Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Sri Lanka, Turkey. Schwein. (1832) Azadirachta indica (neem tree), Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Brassica, Dianthus (carnation), Croatia, Czech, Finland, France, Sordariomycetes; headblight of Gardenia jasminoides (cape Germany, Greece, Hungary, maize, scab of maize, root rot jasmine), Gossypium (cotton), Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania,
248 of maize, stalk rot of maize, Lycopersicon, Mangifera indica Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, ear rot of maize, gibberella (mangga, mango), Medicago Poland, Portugal, Romania, stalk rot, gibberella ear rot, (medic), Medicago littoralis Russia, Russia, Serbia- red ear rot, pink ear rot, (strand medick), Musa x Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, fusarium root and stalk rot, paradisiaca (plantain), Panicum Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, cobweb disease miliaceum (millet), Phaseolus Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, vulgaris (common bean), Pinus Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, sylvestris (Scots pine), Pisum Montenegro, Macedonia, (pea), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Solanum (nightshade), Trifolium Zealand. Papua New Guinea, (clovers), Triticale, Vicia faba ( Solomon Islands Islands. Broad bean), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 54. [a]: Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. I: jika MP Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, biji, buah, Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR elaeidisSchltdl.: Fr. (1824) ( tidak oilpalm) bunga, Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, =Fusarium angustum Sherb. diproses batang, Ghana, Nigeria (1915); II. jika MP daun, akar, America: Brazil, Colombia, [s]: - diproses media Ecuador, Suriname, Costa Rica Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, tanam Sordariomycetes; fusarium wilt of oil palm, vascular oil palm wilt 55. [a]: Fusarium I: jika MP Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum biji, batang, Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Sierra sporotrichioidesSherb. tidak vulgare (barley), Lolium perenne media Leone, South Africa, Tanzania (1915); ( =Fusarium diproses (perennial ryegrass), Triticum tanam America: Barbados, Canada, USA, sporotrichiella var. II. jika MP aestivum (wheat), Zea mays Brazil sporotrichioides (Sherb.) diproses (maize) Asia: China, India, Japan, Bilai (1953); Fusarium Glycine max (soyabean), Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey sporotrichioides var. Medicago sativa (lucerne), Europe: Austria, Cyprus, Czech sporotrichioides Sherb. Pinus strobus (eastern white Republic, Denmark, Germany, (1915) pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, [s]: - turfgrasses, Zizania palustris Russia, UK
249 Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (northern wild rice (USA) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Sordariomycetes; kernel rot of maize, blight of grasses, foot rot of carnation 56. [a]: Fusarium xylarioides I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) akar, Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Steyaert (1948); = Fusarium tidak Gossypium barbadens (kapas, batang, Cameroon, Central Africa, Congo, lateritium f. sp. xylarioides diproses cotton), Solanum lycopersicum media DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, W.L. Gordon (1965); II. jika MP (tomat, tomato), Musa tanam Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- =Fusarium oxysporum f. diproses paradisiaca (pisang kepok, Bissau, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, xylarioides (Steyaert) plantain) Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Delassus (1954) Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, [s]:Gibberella xylarioides R. Togo,Uganda, Zimbabwe Heim & Saccas (1950) America: El Salvador Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; coffee wilt, sudden death of coffee, tracheomycosis of coffee, vascular wilt of coffee 57. [a]: Fusicladium porni (Fr.: Fr.) I: jika MP Malus domesticum (apel, apple) buah, Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Lind;( =Spilicaea porni Fr.: tidak Crataegus laevigata, bunga, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Fr. =Spilocaea amelanchieris diproses Cotoneaster, Malus, daun, Africa, Zimbabwe I.C. Harv. =Actinonema II. jika MP Pyracantha, Pyrus communis batang America: Argentina, Bolivia, crataegi Pers. =Capillaria diproses (pir, pear), Sorbus, Viburnum Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, crataegi (Pers.) Link Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, USA, =Phlyctidium crataegi (Pers.) Uruguay Wallr. =Spilocaea crataegi Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, (Pers.) S. Hughes =Asteroma China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, crataegi (Pers.) Rabenh. Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, =Asteroma crataegi var. Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, porni Desm. =Asteroma Turkey crataegi var. sorbi Desm. Europe: Austria, Belgium, =Cladosporium dendriticum Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech,
250 Wallr. =Fusicladium Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, dendriticum f. microsperma France, Germany, Greece, Roum. =Fusicladium Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, dendriticum var. eriobotyrae Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Scalia =Fusicladium Portugal, Romania, Rusia, dendriticum var. Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, pyracanthae Thüm. Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =Fusicladium dendriticum Herzegovina, Montenegro, var. sorbi-torminalis Savul. Macedonia & Sandu =Fusicladium Oceania: Australia, New Zealand dendriticum var. sorbinum Sacc. =Basiascum eriobotryae Cavara =Fusicladium eriobotryae (Cavara) Cavara =Fusicladium melanconioides Ferraris =Spilocaea eriobotryae (Cavara) S. Hughes =Fusicladium lalandi É.J. Marchal & Verpl. =Asteroma mali Desm. =Coniosporium mali Dearn. & W.R. Foster =Fumago mali Pers. =Cladosporium orbiculatum Desm. =Fusicladium orbiculatum (Desm.) Thüm. =Passalora dendritica var. orbiculata (Desm.) Berk. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. orbiculatum (Desm.) Sacc. =Fusicladium
251 photinicola McClain =Spilocaea photinicola (McClain) M.B. Ellis =Spilocaea photiniicola (McClain) M.B. Ellis =Fusicladium pirinum var. amelanchieris Sacc. =Fusicladium pirinum var. pyracanthae Thüm. =Fusicladium pyrinum var. pyracanthae Thüm. =Actinonema pomi Lév. =Passalora pyracanthae G.H. Otth =Spilocaea pyracanthae (G.H. Otth) Arx =Fusicladium pyracanthae (G.H. Otth) Vienn.-ourg. =Napicladium soraueri Thüm. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. soraueri (Thüm.) Sacc. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. soraureri (Thüm.) Sacc. =Napicladium saraureri Thüm. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. soraureri (Thüm.) Sacc. =Scolecotrichum venosum Bonord. =Scolicotrichum venosum Bonord.) [s]:Venturia inaequalis(Cooke) G.Winter; ( =Sphaerella inaequalis Cooke
252 =Endostigme cinerascens (Aderh.) Jorst. =Spilosticta cinerascens (Aderh.) Petr. =Didymosphaeria inaequalis (Cooke) Niessl =Endostigme inaequalis (Cooke) Syd. =Spilosticta inaequalis (Cooke) Petr. =Venturia inaequalis var. cinerascens Aderh. =Phaeosphaerella berolinensis Kirschst. =Venturia chlorospora f. sp. mali Aderh. =Sphaerella cinerascens Fleischh. =Sphaeria cinerascens Fuckel =Venturia inaequalis f. sp. mali R. Menon) Ascomycota; Pleosporales; Venturiaceae; apple scab, apple black spot, apple scab, black spot 58. [a]: Gloeocercospora sorghi D.C. I: jika MP Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, biji, daun, Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Bain & Edgerton ex tidak sorghum) tanaman Central African Republic, Chad, Deighton, (1971); ( diproses Agrostis capillaris (brown Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, =Microdochium sorghi (D.C. II. jika MP bentgrass), Agrostis stolonifera Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Bain & Edgerton ex diproses var. palustris (bent grass), Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Deighton) U. Braun, (1995); Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, [s]: - grass), Pennisetum glaucum Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (pearl millet), Pennisetum America: Belize, El Salvador, Sordariomycetes; zonate leaf purpureum (elephant grass), Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, spot Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Panama, Mexico, USA, Argentina, sugarcane), Sorghum halepense Brazil, Venezuela.
253 (Johnson grass), Sorghum Asia: China, Taiwan, India, sudanense (Sudan grass), Zea Japan, North Korea, Malaysia, mays (jagung, maize) Philippines, Thailand. Europe: Russia Oceania: American, Samoa, Australia, Samoa, Tonga. 59. [a]: Gloeodes pomigena I: jika MP Malus domesticum (apel, apple) daun, America: Brazil,USA (Schwein.) Colby (1920) tidak Citrus spp., Magnolia spp., Vitis cabang, Asia: India, Japan [s]:Dothidea pomigena diproses vinifera (anggur, grapevine), buah Europe: Germany Schwein. (1832); ( II. jika MP Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid), =Phyllachora pomigena diproses Querqus spp. (Schwein.) Sacc. (1883) Ascomycota, Gloeodes; sooty blotch on twig & fruit 60. [a]: Heterosporium allii-cepae I: jika MP Allium cepa (onion), Allium daun, umbi America:Brazil Ranoj., (1910); ( tidak porum (leek), Allium fistulosum Asia: South Korea =Cladosporium allii-cepae diproses (welsh onoin) Europe: Germany, Switzerland, (Ranoj.) M.B. Ellis, (1976) II. jika MP UK [s]:Davidiella allii-cepae (M.M. diproses Jord., Maude & Burchill) Crous & U. Braun, (2003) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leafspot 61. [a]: Hypoxylon nummularium I: jika MP Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), tanaman, Africa: Kenya, South Africa Bull., (1791); ( tidak Malus domesticum (apel, apple), akar, Asia: Japan =Biscogniauxia nummularia diproses Pyrus communis (pir, pear) batang, Europe: UK (Bull.) Kuntze, (1891); II. jika MP Vitis vinifera (anggur, media Hypoxylon nummularium diproses grapevine) tanam var. nummularium; Nemania decorticata (Sowerby) Gray, (1821); Nummularia nummularia (Bull.) J.
254 Schröt., (1897); Numulariola nummularia (Bull.) House, (1925); [s]:Sphaeria decorticata Sowerby, (1799) (=Sphaeria decorticans Sowerby; Sphaeria nummularia (Bull.) DC., (1805) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; tea wood rot, tea root rot, rot root, tarry root rot 62. [a]: Micronectriella nivalis I: jika MP Avena sativa (oat, oats), biji, bunga, Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Senegal, (Schaffnit) C. Booth (1971) tidak Hordeum vulgare (barley), daun, Zambia. =Fusarium nivale diproses Secale cereale (rye), Triticum batang, America: Canada, Mexico, USA, =.Gerlachia nivalis II. jika MP aestivum (gandum, wheat). akar Bolivia, Brazil. =Fusarium nivale f.sp. diproses Agrostis canina (velvet Asia: Bahrain, China, India, graminicola =Fusarium bentgrass), Agrostis stolonifera Japan, Pakistan. nivale var.nivale =Fusarium (creeping bentgrass), Festuca Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech, nivale var. majus rubra (red fescue), Oryza sativa Denmark, Estonia, Finland, =Microdochium nivale (padi, rice), turfgrasses. Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, =Calonectria graminicola Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, F.Stevens); Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, [s]: Monographella nivalis Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, (Schaffnit) E. Müll. (1977); ( Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, = Calonectria nivalis Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Schaffnit (1913) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, =Griphosphaeria nivalis Montenegro, Macedonia, France, (Schaffnit) E. Müll. & Arx Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, (1955) Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sordariomycetes; foot rot of Russia, Serbia-Montenegro,
255 cereals, snow blight of cereals, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, head blight of cereals, pink Ukraine, UK. snow mould of cereals, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand seedling blight of cereals, snow mould of cereals, Fusarium patch of turf, Microdochium patch of turf, pink snow mould of turf
63. [a]: Monilia fructicolaL.R. Batra I: jika MP Prunus avium (sweet cherry), bunga, Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, South [s]: Monilinia fructicola(G. tidak Prunus domestica (plum), buah, Africa, Zimbabwe Winter) Honey ( =Sclerotinia diproses Prunus persica (peach), Prunus daun, America: Canada, Mexico, USA, fructicola (G. Winter) Rehm) II. jika MP salicina (Japanese plum) tangkai Guatemala, Panama, Argentina, Ascomycota; Helotiales; diproses Carica papaya (papaw), Malus buah, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Sclerotiniaceae; Brown rot, domestica (apple), Prunus media Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, American brown rot of stone armeniaca (apricot), Prunus tanam Venezuela fruit, brown rot of apple, cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus Asia: China, India, Korea brown rot of cherry, twig dulcis (almond), Rubus Republic of, Taiwan, Yemen canker of stone fruit fruticosus (blackberry) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic and Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherland, Serbia,Spain, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand 64. [a]: Monilia laxa (Ehrenb.) Sacc. I: jika MP Prunus armeniaca (apricot), buah, Africa: Morocco, South Africa & Voglino (1886); ( = Oidium tidak Prunusavium (sweet cherry), bunga, America: Guatemala, Canada, laxum Ehrenb. (1818) diproses Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), daun, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, =Oospora laxa (Ehrenb.) II. jika MP Prunus domestica (plum), batang Uruguay, Wallr. (1833) =Acrosporium diproses Prunusdulcis (almond), Prunus Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, laxum (Ehrenb.) Pers. (1822) persica (peach) China, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
256 =Sclerotinia cerasi Woronin Cydonia oblonga (quince), Lebanon, Turkey, (1895) =Stromatinia cerasi Malus domestica (apple), Europe: Austria, Belgium, (Woronin) Boud. (1907) Prunus triloba (Rose tree of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Czech =Monilia cinerea Bonord. China), Pyrus communis Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, (1851) =Sclerotinia cinerea (European pear) Finland, Belarus, Latvia, (Bonord.) J. Schröt. (1893) Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, =Monilia oregonensis Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, [s]:Sclerotinia laxa Aderh. & Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Ruhland (1905) Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, (=Stromatinia laxa (Aderh. & Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Ruhland) (Chifflot,1921) Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Leotiomycetes; blossom blight, Macedonia, France, Germany, mummufying fruit, blossom Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, wilt, brown rot of stone fruits, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, spur blight, twig canker, Poland, Portugal, Romania, wither tip Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 65. [a]: Monilochaetes infuscans I: jika MP Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, umbi, Africa: Sierra Leone, South Africa, Ellis & Halst. (1890); ( = tidak sweet potato) batang, Zimbabwe Dischloridium diproses media America: Argentina, Brazil, USA cylindrospermum S.K. II. jika MP tanam Asia: China, Taiwan, Israel, Srivast. (1987)[1986] diproses Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka [s]: - Europe: Italy, Portugal Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Oceania: Australia, Palau, Cook Sordariomycetes; scurf of Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, sweet potato, manure stain, Northern Mariana Island, Papua soils stain New Guinea, Vanuatu 66. [a]: Oidium anacardii F. Noack I: jika MP Anacardium occidentale (jambu tanaman, Africa: Malawi, Tanzania (1898); ( = Acrosporium tidak mete, cashew-nut) daun, buah anacardii (F. Noack) J.A. diproses
257 Stev. (1975) =Oidium II. jika MP erysiphoidesf. citri J.M. Yen diproses (1967) =Oidium citri (J.M. Yen) U. Braun (1982) =Oidium heveae B.A. Steinm. (1925) =Acrosporium heveae (B.A. Steinm.) Subram. (1971) =Oidium mangiferae Berthet (1914) =Acrosporium mangiferae (Berthet) Subram. (1971) [s]:Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun (2007) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; powdery mildew 67. [a]: Oidium passeriniiBertol. I: jika MP Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus buah Africa: Agypt. Libya, Morocco, [s]: Podosphaera tidak armeniaca (apricot), Prunus South Africa, Spain tridactyla(Wallr.) de Bary( diproses avium (sweet cherry), Prunus America: Canada, USA, =Podosphaera oxyacanthae II. jika MP dulcis (almond) Argentina, Chile, Acuador, Peru var. tridactyla diproses Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, (Wallr.)Salmon Azerbaijan, Georgia Republic of, =Podosphaera clandestina India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, var. tridactyla (Wallr.) W.B. Jordan, Korea Republic of, Cooke =Alphitomorpha Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Saudi tridactyla Wallr. =Erysiphe Arabia, Taiwan, Tajikistan, tridactyla (Wallr.) Rabenh. Turkey, Turkmenistan, =Erysiphe bertolinii Roum.) Uzbekistan, Yemen Ascomycota; Erysiphales; Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic Erysiphaceae and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
258 Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukaraine, UK, Serbia and Monteneggro (Yugoslavia) Oceania: Australia, Ne Zealand 68. [a]: Penicillium expansumLink. I: jika MP Malus domestica (apple) buah Africa: Agypt, Ghana, Kenya, ( =Penicillium crustaceum tidak Brassica oleracea var. Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Link. =Penicillium glaucum diproses gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), South Africa, Zimbabwe Stoll.) II. jika MP Cydonia oblonga (quince), America: Canada, USA, [s]: - diproses Fragaria ananassa Honduras, Nicaragua, Argentina, Ascomycota; Eurotiales; (strawberry), Gossypium Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela Trichocomaceae; Blue mould hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Asia: Armenia, Brunei of stored apple, soft rot of Hordeum vulgare (barley), Darussalam, China, Georgia apple, soft rot of grape, storage Lilium (lily), Phoenix dactylifera Republic of, India, Iran, Israel, rot of fruit (date-palm), Prunus armeniaca Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet (North Korea), Korea Republic of cherry), Prunus domestica (South Korea), Philippines, Sri (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Turkey Punica granatum Aurope: Belgium, Bulgaria, (pomegranate), Pyrus communis Cyprus, Czech Republic and (European pear), Rheum Slovakia, Denmark, France, hybridum (rhubarb), Solanum Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, lycopersicum (tomato), Triticum Poland, Romania, Slovakia, aestivum (wheat), Vaccinium Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, (blueberries), Vitis vinifera Serbia and Montenegro (grapevine), Zea mays (maize), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet) 69. [a]: Periconia manihoticola I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet, tanaman, Asia: India
259 (Vincens) Viegas, Bragantia tidak rubber tree), Acasia spp., daun, Oceania: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, 14:63 (1955); ( diproses Pisum spp., Manihot esculenta batang Solomon Islands, Vanuatu =Haplographium II. jika MP (ubi kayu, cassava) manihoticola Vincens: 24, diproses (1916) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Periconia blight 70. [a]: Phoma cucurbitacearum I: jika MP Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus biji, Africa: Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, (Fr. ex Fr.) Sacc.; Ascochyta tidak vulgaris (semangka, batang,dau Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, cucumis Fautrey & Roum. diproses watermelon), Cucumis melo n, buah, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, =Phyllosticta citrullina II. jika MP (melon, melon), Cucumis media Zambia, Zimbabwe Chester =Ascochyta melonis diproses sativus (mentimun, cucumber), tanam America: Argentina, Barbados, Potebnja =Ascochyta Cucurbita spp., Momordica Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, citrullina (CHESTER) SMITH charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, =Cercospora citrullina Cooke Sechium edule (labu siam), Dominica, El Salvador, Jamaica, =Cercospora cucurbitae Ell. Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto & Ev. potato) Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA [s]: Didymella bryoniae Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, (Auersw.) Rehm China,Taiwan, India, Iraq, Israel, =Mycosphaerella melonis Japan, South Korea, Laos, (Pass.) Chiu & Walker Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, =Didymosphaeria Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand melonisPidoplichko = Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,Czech, Didymosphaeria effusa Denmark, Rusia, Germany, Sacc. =Mycosphaerella Greece, Ireland, Italy, citrullina =Didymella melonis Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Pass. =Sphaeria bryoniae Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, FUCKEL =Sphaerella Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, bryoniae AUERSW.; UK Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Oceania: Samoa America,
260 Dothideomycetes; gummy Australia, Fiji, France Polynesia, stem blight, leaf spot of New Caledonia, New Zealand, cucurbits, cercospora leafspot Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon of squash, cucumber black Islands,Tonga rot, cucurbits stem blight, cucurbits leaf spot, cucurbits stem-end rot 71. [a]: Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) I: jika MP Citrusspp. buah, akar, Africa: Algeria,Tunisia L.A. Kantsch. & Gikaschvili tidak Fortunella, Poncirus batang,biji, Asia: Georgia, Iraq, Israel, (1948); ( = Deuterophoma diproses Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Yemen tracheiphila Petri (1929) II. jika MP Europe: Albania, Cyprus, France, =Bakerophoma tracheiphila diproses Greece, Italy, Russia (Petri) Cif. (1946) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; mal secco disease of citrus, wilt of citrus, citrus wilt, citrus mal secco 72. [a]: Phomopsis perceae Serova I: jika MP Persea americana (alpokat, buah America: USA. [s]: - tidak avocado) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses Dothideomycetes; fruit rot II. jika MP diproses 73. [a]: Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) I: jika MP Vitis vinifera (grapevine) buah, Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South Sacc. (1915); ( = Phomopsis tidak Parthenocissus quinquefolia bunga, Africa, Zimbabwe viticola var. viticola (Sacc.) diproses (creeper), Vitis labrusca (fox daun, America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Sacc. (1919) =Phomopsis II. jika MP grape), Vitis rupestris (sand- batang. Brazil, Chile, Venezuela ampelopsidis Petr. (1916) diproses grape) Asia: Brunei Darussalam, China, [s]:Cryptosporella viticola Taiwan, India, Japan, Turkey Shear (1911) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Dothideomycetes; Phomopsis Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia,
261 cane and leaf spot; Phomopsis Bosnia and Herzegovina, cane and leaf blight; black Montenegro, Macedonia, France, knot: grapevine; black rot: Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, grapevine; dead-arm: Jersey, Macedonia, Moldova, grapevine; necrosis of Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, grapevine Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 74. [a]: Phyllosticta ampelicida I: jika MP Vitis vinifera (anggur, buah, Africa: Morocco, Mozambique, (Engelm.) Aa, (1973) tidak grapevine) bunga, Sudan [s]:Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) diproses Ampelopsis, Cissus, daun,batan America: Argentina, Barbados, Viala & Ravaz, (1892); ( II. jika MP Parthenocissus, Citrus spp. g,tangkai Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, El =Botryosphaeria bidwellii diproses buah Salvador, Guyana, Haiti, (Ellis) Petr., (1958); sin: Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Carlia bidwellii (Ellis) Panama, USA Magnus (1892); Carlia Asia: China,Taiwan, India, Iran, bidwellii (Ellis) Prunet Japan, North Korea, Pakistan, (1989); Laestadia bidwellii Philippines, Turkey (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz (1888); Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Phyllachorella bidwellii Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy, (Ellis) Theiss., (1919); Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Physalospora bidwellii (Ellis) Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Sacc., (1882); Sphaerella Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and bidwellii (Ellis) Ellis (1890); Herzegovina, Montenegro, Sphaeria bidwellii Ellis Macedonia (1880) Oceania: Christmas Island Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; black rot 75. [a]: Phyllosticta arbutifolia Ellis I: jika MP Malus domesticum (apel, apple) buah, daun America: Canada, USA & G. Martin (1886); ( = tidak Crataegus sp.,Pyrus coronaria Phyllosticta arbutifoliae Ellis diproses
262 & G. Martin (1886) II. jika MP =Phyllosticta solitaria Ellis & diproses Everh. (1895) =Phyllostictina solitaria (Ellis & Everh.) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; apple blotch
76. [a]: Phyllosticta capitalensis I: jika MP Orcidaceae (anggrek, orchids) tanaman, America: Hawaii Henn. (1908); ( = tidak daun, Phyllosticta cymbidii Sawada diproses tangkai, (1943) =Phyllostictina II. jika MP bunga mangiferae Bat. & A.F. Vital diproses 1952 =Phyllosticta anacardiacearum =Phyllosticta ophiopogonis Wulandari, Wikee & Hyde (2012) =Phyllosticta phalenopsidis Marchal & Verpl. (1927)[1926] =Variant spelling Phyllosticta phalaenopsidis Marchal & Verpl. (1927)[1936] =Phyllosticta phalenopsidis var. vanillae Verpl. & Claess. (1934) =Phyllostictina pyriformis E.K. Cash & A.M.J. Watson (1955) =Phyllostictina theicola Petr. (1927) =Phyllosticta theacearum Aa
263 (1973) =Macrophoma theicola Siemaszko (1923 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Illegitimate later homonym of Macrophoma theicola Petch 1917). [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot 77. [a]: Phyllosticta I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), tanaman, America: Barbados, Jamaica phaseolinaSacc.(1878) tidak Phaseolus spp. daun, [s]:- diproses Vanilla sp. buah, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP batang, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot, diproses polong fruit blotch, twig canker 78. [a]: Phymatotrichopsis omnivora I: jika MP Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, akar, America: Mexico, USA, Venezuela (Shear) Hennebert (1973); ( tidak Malvaceae, Rosa ceae, batang, = Ozonium omnivorum Shear diproses Umbelliferae, Abelmoschus media (1907) =Phymatotrichum II. jika MP moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), tanam omnivorum (Shear) Duggar diproses Arachys hypogaea (kacang (1916) =Ozonium auricomum tanah, groundnut, peanut), [s]:Hydnum omnivorum Beta vulgaris var saccharifera Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (bit gula, sugar beet) Carya Pezizomycetes; cotton root rot, illinoinensis, Ficus carica (ara), root rot of cotton, soft rot of Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), cotton, cotton soft rot, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, grapevine root rot cotton), Juglans regia, Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Medicago sativa, Phaseolus, Populus,Prunus spp., Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Salix, Ulmus, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
264 79. [a]: Plenodomus destruens I: jika MP Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, biji, umbi America: Brazil, Caribbean, USA Harter (1913) tidak sweet potato) [s]: - diproses Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP Dothideomycetes; foot rot of diproses sweet potato 80. [a]: Polyscytalum pustulans I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum (kentang, umbi Africa: South Africa (M.N. Owen & Wakef.) M.B. tidak potato) America: Canada,USA Ellis (1976); ( = Oospora diproses Solanum spp. Europe: Estonia, Germany, pustulans M.N. Owen & II. jika MP Ireland, Lithuania, Norway, Wakef. (1919) diproses Romania, Russia, UK [s]: - Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Polyscytalum; potato skin spot 81. [a]: Pseudocercospora aleuritis I: jika MP Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, daun Asia: China (I. Miyake) Deighton (1976); tidak candle-nut) Oceania: Tonga, Cook Islands, ( = Cercospora aleuritidis I. diproses New Zealand Miyake (1912) II. jika MP =Cercosporina aleuritis diproses (Miyake) Sacc. (1931) [s]:Mycosphaerella aleuritis S.H. Ou (1940); ( =Mycosphaerella aleuritidis S.H. Ou (1940) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; angular leaf spot 82. [a]: Pseudocercospora fijiensis I: jika MP Musa spp. (pisang, banana) daun Africa: Benin, Burundi, (M. Morelet) Deighton tidak Cameroon, Central African (1976); ( = Cercospora diproses Republic, Comoros, DR Congo, fijiensis M. Morelet (1969) II. jika MP Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, =Paracercospora fijiensis (M. diproses Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
265 Morelet) Deighton (1979) Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, =Cercospora fijiensis var. Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and difformis J.L. Mulder & R.H. Principe, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Stover (1976) Zambia. =Paracercospora fijiensis America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, var. difformis (J.L. Mulder & Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, R.H. Stover) Deighton Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El (1979) Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, [s]:Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Morelet (1969); ( Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, =Mycosphaerella fijiensis Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, var. difformis J.L. Mulder & Hawaii, Venezuela. R.H. Stover (1976) Asia: Bhutan, China (Fujian, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Hainan, Taiwan), Malaysia, Dothideomycetes; Black Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, sigatoka Vietnam. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated states of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis, Futuna.
83. [a]: Pyricularia setariae Y. I: jika MP Eleusine coracana (finger biji, batang, Africa: Tanzania, Uganda Nisik. (1927); ( = Pyricularia tidak millet), Setaria italica (foxtail daun, Asia: China, India, Japan, grisea f. sp. eleusines S. diproses millet) tangkai Malaysia, Sri Lanka Yamanaka=Pyricularia II. jika MP Avena sativa (oat, oats), malai oryzae Cavara,(1891) diproses Hordeum vulgare (barley), [s]: Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Pennisetum glaucum (pearl
266 Couch, (2002) millet), Zea mays (jagung, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, maize) Sordariomycetes; blast of millet, leaf spot of millet 84. [a]: Sarocladium strictum (W. I: jika MP Zea mays (jagung, maize) biji,batang, Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gams) Summerbell (2011); ( tidak Arachis hypogaea (kacang daun Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, South =Sarocladium zeae W. Gams diproses tanah, peanut), Avena sativa Africa, Uganda. & D.R. Sumner, (2011) II. jika MP (gandum, oats), Glycine soja, America: Mexico, USA, Argentina, =Acremonium strictum diproses Sorghum bicolor, (sorghum), Brazil, Chile. W.Gams (1971) Asia: China, India, Iran, Pakistan, =Tilachlidium medietatis Syria, Turkey. Novobr, (1972) Europe: Czech Republic and =Acremonium stricta Slovakia, Italy, Netherlands, =Hyalopus acremonium Poland, Russia, Spain. (Corda) M.A.J. Barbosa Oceania: Australia =Cephalosporium acremonium Corda [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; acremonium wilt, black bundle disease of maize, kernel rot of maize; 85. [a]: Sclerotium gladioli Massee I: jika MP Gladiolus spp. umbi, akar, Africa: South Africa (1928) tidak batang Europe: UK [s]:Stromatinia diproses gladioli(Drayton) Whetzel II. jika MP (1945)( =Sclerotinia gladioli diproses Drayton (1934) Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; gladiolus dry rot
267 86. [a]: Septoria pisiWestend I: jika MP Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet biji, daun, America: Canada, USA (1857); tidak pea), Vicia faba polong Europe: Denmark, Finland, [s]: - diproses Ireland, Norway, Sweden Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP Oceania: New Zealand Dothideomycetes; septoria diproses blight/blotch 87. [a]: Septoria I: jika MP Orchidaceae tanaman, America selenophomoidesCash & tidak daun, Watson (1955); diproses tangkai [s]: - II. jika MP bunga Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses Dothideomycetes; leaf spot 88. [a]: Setophoma terrestris (H.N. I: jika MP Allium spp. tanaman, Africa: Senegal Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp tidak Asparagus officinalis umbi, akar America: Argentina,USA, & Verkley (2010); ( = Phoma diproses (asparagus, asparagus), Venezuela Oceania: Australia terrestris H.N. Hansen II. jika Triticum aestivum (gandum, Europe: Netherlands, Greece, (1929) =Pyrenochaeta MP wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Poland, Israel terrestris (H.N. Hansen) diproses corn, maize) Gorenz, J.C. Walker & Larson (1948) [s]: - Setophoma; onion pink root 89. [a]: Sphaceloma arachidis I: jika MP Arachys hypogaea (kacang batang, Africa: Swaziland bitanc & Jenkins (1940); tidak tanah, groundnut, peanut) daun, America: Argentina, Brazil, [s]: - diproses Colombia Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP Asia: China, Japan Dothideomycetes; groundnut diproses scab, peanut scab, scab of groundnut, scab: groundnut 90. [a]: Sphaceloma manihoticola I: jika MP Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, batang America: Barbados, Brazil, Bitanc. & Jenkins tidak cassava) muda, daun Colombia, Mexico, Panama,
268 [s]:Elsinoe brasiliensis Bitanc. diproses Venezuela & Jenkins 1942(= Elsinoë II. jika MP Oceania: Cook Islands jatrophae); diproses Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; superelongation disease of cassava, cassava root enlargement 91. [a]: Sphaceloma rosarum I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, America: USA. (Pass.) Jenk. 1932 tidak daun, =Phyllosticta rosarum Pass. diproses tangkai 1881 II. jika MP bunga [s]: Elsinoe rosa rumJenk. & diproses bitanc; Ascomycetes; kudis, scab
92. [a]: Stagonospora nodorum I: jika MP Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji, daun Africa: Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, (Berk.) Castell. & E.G. tidak wheat), Secale cereale (rye), Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Germano (1977); ( = diproses Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Depazea nodorum Berk. II. jika MP Agropyron, Bromus inermis, Zimbabwe (1845) =Hendersonia diproses Cynodon dactylon, Lolium America: Argentina, Bolivia, nodorum (Berk.) Petr. (1947) perenne, Triticale Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, =Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Mexico, USA Berk. (1845) =Septoria Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, glumarum Pass. (1879) China,Taiwan, India, Israel, =Phoma hennebergii J.G. Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Kühn (1877) =Macrophoma Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi hennebergii (J.G. Kühn) Arabia Berl. & Voglino (1886) Europe: Austria, Belgium, =Rhabdospora hennebergii Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, (J.G. Kühn) Sacc. & D. Finland, France, Germany, Sacc. (1906) =Stagonospora Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
269 hennebergii (J.G. Kühn) Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Petr. & Syd. (1925) Portugal, Romania, Rusia, =Septoria holci Pass. (1879) Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, [s]:Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Müll.) Hedjaroude (1968); ( Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, =Leptosphaeria nodorum E. Montenegro, Macedonia, Müll. (1952) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; glum blotch
93. [a]: Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) I: jika MP Zea diploperennis, Zea mays biji, daun, Africa: Congo, DR Congo, B. Sutton (1980); ( tidak (jagung, maize), Zea mays batang, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, =Sphaeria maydis Berk. diproses subsp. mays (sweetcorn) bunga Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, (1847) =Diplodia zeae Lév. II. jika MP Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe (1848) =Diplodia diproses America: Belize, Honduras, maydis(Berk.) Sacc. (1884) Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, =Diplodia maydicola Speg. Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador. (1910) =Macrodiplodia zeae Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, (Lév.) Petr. & syd. (1923) South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, =Sphaeria zeae Schwein. Thailand. (1832) =Hendersonia zeae Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech, (Lév.) Hazsl. (1872) Italy, Serbia-Montenegro, UK. =Phaeostagonosporopsis Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. zeae (Lév.) Woron. (1925) =Diplodia zeae-maydis Mekht. (1962) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; ear rot of maize, leaf spot of maize, stalk rot of maize, seedling blight of
270 maize, leaf blight of maize, leaf blight of Sorghum spp., leaf spot of grasses, Diplodia ear and stalk rot, white ear rot of maize 94. [a]: Stilbella flavidum (Cooke) I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), buah, America: Bolivia, Brazil, Henn. (1904) tidak Citrus, Cinchona offiChinalis daun, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, [s]:Mycena citricolor (Berk. & diproses (kina, quinine tree) Theobroma batang, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, M.A. Curtis) Sacc.; ( II. jika MP cacao (kakao, cocoa) bibit, Guyana France, Guadeloupe, =Omphalopsis citricolor diproses tanaman Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) hasil Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Murrill =Omphalia flavida mikropropa Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Maubl. & Rangel (1914) gasi Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, =Agaricuscitricolor =Stilbum Trinidad and Tobago, USA flavidum Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; American leaf spot of coffee, American: coffee leaf spot, cock's eye spot, iron spot of coffee 95. [a]: Synchytrium endobioticum I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum (kentang, umbi, akar, Africa: Algeria, South Africa, (Schilb.) Percival (1909); tidak potato) media Tunisia =Chrysophlyctis diproses Solanum nigrum, Solanum tanam America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, endobioticum Schilb. (1896) II. jika MP dulcamara, Hyoscyamus niger, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Peru, =Chrysophlyctis endobiotica diproses Nicandra physalcides, Solanum USA, Schilb (1896) =Synchytrium lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, India, solanMassee (1910); Nepal [s]: - Europe: Austria, Belarus, Chytridiomycota, Belgium,Czech, Denmark, Chytridiomycetes; black wart Estonia,Faroe Islands, Finland, of potato, potato black scab, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, potato wart disease, wart Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
271 disease of potato Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: New Zealand 96. [a]: Thanatophytum crocorum I: jika MP Beta vulgaris var saccharifera umbi, akar, Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, (Pers.: Fr.) Nees (1816); ( tidak (bit gula, sugar beetroot) bibit, Malawi, Morocco, Rhodesia, =Rhizoctonia crocorum diproses Araucaria cuninghamii, Daucus batang South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad, (Pers.) DC., (1815); II. jika MP carota (wortel, carrot), Ipomoea Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe Helminthosporium diproses batatas (ubi jalar, sweet America: Argentina, Barbados, rhizoctonon Rabenh. (1855); potato), Solanum tuberosum Canada, Colombia, Dominica, Helminthosporium (kentang, potato), Morus spp. Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, rhizoctonum Rabenh. (1855); (murbei, mulberry) USA, Uruguay Hypochnus violaceus Erikss. Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, (1912); Rhizoctonia asparagi Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam Fuckel ex Erikss. (1915); Europe: Austria, Belgium, Rhizoctonia asparagi Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Fuckel, (1870); Rhizoctonia England, France, Germany, medicaginis DC., (1815); Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Rhizoctonia rubiae M.J. Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Decne., (1837); Rhizoctonia Poland, Romania, Rusia, violacea f. dauci J.G. Kühn Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, (1875); Tuber croci Dubois, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, (1803); Tuber parasiticum Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bull., (1790) Montenegro, Macedonia [s]:Helicobasidium brebissonii Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (Desm.) Donk, (1958); ( =Helicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat., (1885)
272 Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes; Asparagus officinalis root rot, apple violet root rot, sweet potato, violet root rot 97. [a]: Thecaphora solani(Thirum I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum (kentang, umbi, America: Bolivia,Chile, Colombia, & M.J. O'Brien) Mordue tidak potato) daun, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, (1988); ( =Angiosorus solani diproses batang Venezuela Thirum. & M.J. O'Brien II. jika MP (1974) =Thecaphora solani diproses Barrus (1944); [s]: - Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; potato smut, thecaphora smut 98. [a]: Verticillium cinerescens I: jika MP Dianthus spp. tanaman, America: Canada, Colombia, USA Wollenw. (1930) tidak Helianthus annuus (bunga akar,batang Asia: China [s]: Phialophora cinerescens diproses matahari, sunflower), Fragaria , media Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, (Wollenw.) J.F.H. Beyma II. jika MP spp. tanam Croatia, Finland, France, (1940); diproses Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Eurotiomycetes; phialophora Netherlands, Norway, Poland, wilt, vascular wilt of carnation, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Ukraine, wilt of carnation UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: New Zealand 99. [a]: Zygophiala jamaicensis I: jika MP Citrus, Diospyros, Malus buah America: USA E.W.Mason ( =Microbotryum tidak domesticum (apel, apple), Pyrus Asia: China, India,Japan violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml & diproses communis (pir, pear), Diospyros
273 Oberw. =Uredo violacea II. jika MP sp. (Malabar ebony) Pers. =Caeoma violaceum diproses (Pers.) Nees =Uredo antherarum DC. =Ustilago antherarum (DC.) Fr. =Caeoma antherarum (DC.) Schltdl. =Microbotryum antherarum (DC.) Lév. =Erysibe antherarum (DC.) Wallr. =Ustilago silenes- nutantis Liro) [s]:Schizothyrium pomi(Mont.) v. Arx ( =Leptothyrium porni (Mont.) Arx =Labrella porni Mont. =Asterina gaultheriae M.A. Curtis =Microthyriella paludosa C. Booth) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; greasy blotch, flyspeck, sooty blotch 100. [c]: Aphanomyces I: jika MP Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), bibit,akar, America: Canada, USA euteichesDrechsler (1925); tidak Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet batang, Asia: China, India,Japan Chromista,Oomycetes; diproses pea), polong-polongan lain media Europe: Czech, Denmark, phanomyces root rot, common II. jika MP (legumes) tanam Finland, Rusia, France, Italy, root rot, root rot diproses Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 101. [c ]:Pachymetra chaunorhiza I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, tanaman, Oceania: Australia B.J. Croft & M.W. Dick sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, akar, media (1989) corn, maize), Sorghum bicolor tanam Oomycetes; pachymetra root (sorgum, sorghum) rot
274
102. [c ]:Peronospora I: jika MP Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, daun, biji America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, hyoscyamif.sp.tabacina(D.B. tidak tobacco) Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Adam) Skalicky; ( = diproses Capsicum annuum (paprika, Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Peronospora tabacina II. jika MP bell-pepper), Solanum Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, =Peronospora hyoscyami diproses lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, =Peronospora nicotianae Solanum melongena (terung, Uruguay, Venezuela Oomycetes; angular tobacco eggplant, aubergine) Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, leaf spot, blue mould of Taiwan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, tobacco, downy mildew, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, tobacco black fire, tobacco Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Uni blue mould, tobacco wildfire Arab Emirat, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia 103. [c ]:Peronospora sparsa Berk. I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), daun, Africa: Egypt (1862); ( = tidak Punus laurocerasus, Rubus buah, America: USA, Canada, Brazil, Peronoplasmopara sparsa diproses spp. bunga, Colombia (Berk.) Uljan. (1967) II. jika MP tanaman Asia: Israel =Pseudoperonospora sparsa diproses hasilmikrop Europe: Finland, Ireland, France, (Berk.) Jacz. (1928) ropagasi, Scandinavia, UK, Russia, Russia
275 =Peronospora rosae-gallicae akar, Oceania: Australia. Savul. & Rayss (1934) batang =Peronospora sanguisorbae Gäum. (1923) Oomycetes; downy mildew 104. [c ]:Peronospora I: jika MP Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet biji, buah, Asia: India viciaef.sppisi(Sydow) tidak pea), Vicia faba bunga, Europe: Scandinavia Boerema & Verhoeven diproses daun, Oomycetes; pea downy mildew II. jika batang MP diproses 105. [c ]:Phytophthora cryptogea I: jika MP Actinidia chinensis (Chinese akar, Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Pethybr. & Laff. (1919) tidak gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa batang, Zimbabwe Oomycetes; tomato foot rot, diproses (kiwifruit), Allium cepa (bawang bibit America: Canada, USA, damping off, gerbera foot rot, II. jika MP bombay, onion), Antirrhinum tanaman, Argentina, Brazil, Chile black neck of chrysanthemum, diproses majus (snapdragon), Apium media Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, tulip shanking, corm, stem graveolens (seledri, celery), tanam Korea and leaf rot of gloxinia, pink Asparagus officinalis Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, rot of potato, stem rot, root (asparagus), Aster, Brassica Croatia, Czech, Denmark, rot, damping-off oleracea var. botrytis (bunga Finland, France, Germany, kol, cauliflower), Cajanus cajan Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, (pigeon pea), Calathea, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Calendula officinalis (Pot Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, marigold), Callistephus Spain, Sweden, UK chinensis (China aster), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Capsicum annuum (bell Papua New Guinea pepper), Castanea (chestnuts), Celosia argentea (celosia), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Chrysanthemum vestitum, Cichorium (chicory),
276 Cichorium intybus (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus, Clarkia (satin flowers), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur), Cotoneaster, Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cupressus (cypresses), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato), Dahlia, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dianthus barbatus (sweet williams), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Erica (heaths), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Eucalyptus spp., Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Fragaria (strawberry), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gynura bicolor, Gypsophila paniculata (babysbreath), Hebe,
277 Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Humulus lupulus (hop), Juglans regia (walnut), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Liatris spicata (spike gayfeather), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lupinus spp.,Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Maranta (arrowroot), Matthiola incana (stock), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nasturtium officinale (watercress), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pericallis cruenta (common cineraria), Persea americana (avocado), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Picea (spruces), Pinus (pines), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus mugo (mountain pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pisum spp., Populus simonii (Simon poplar), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium
278 (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), St.paulia ionantha (African violet), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Syzygium samarangense (water apple), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Pyrethrum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa (tulip), Vicia villosa, Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) 106. [c ]:Phytophthora I: jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao, buah, Africa: Cameroon, Equatorial megakaryaBrasier & M.J. tidak cocoa) batang Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Griffin (1979) diproses Nigeria, Togo Oomycetes; black pod of II. jika MP cocoa, seedling blight of cocoa, diproses trunk canker of cocoa 107. [c ]:Phytophthora megasperma I: jika MP Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), tanaman, America: Canada, USA, Drechsler 1931; ( = tidak Asparagus officinalis umbi, Argentina, Chile Phytophthora megasperma diproses (asparagus), Brassica oleracea buah, Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan,
279 var. megasperma Drechsler II. jika MP (cabbages, cauliflowers), polong, Korea Republic of (South Korea), 1931 =Pythiomorpha diproses Brassica oleracea var. botrytis daun, akar, Philippines miyabeana S. Ito & Nagai (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea batang, Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, 1931 var. capitata (cabbage), bibit, bahan Bosnia and Herzegovina, Oomycetes; root rot, crown Brassica oleracea var. perbanyaka Montenegro, Macedonia, France, rot, trunk canker, collar rot, gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), n tanaman Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain, UK, apoplexy, sudden wilt, fruit Brassica rapa subsp. (hasil Scotland rot, stem blight, seed-piece pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Daucus mikropropa Oceania: Australia, New Zealand rot, tuber rot, pod rot, black carota (carrot), Juglans regia gasi) rot, blight, spear rot (walnut), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Solanum tuberosum (potato) Aesculus hippocastanum (buckeye), Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), Banksia, Buddleia (Butterflybush), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Castanea sativa (chestnut), Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port Orford cedar), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cytisus (Broom), Dahlia, Dianthus
280 caryophyllus (carnation), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Matthiola incana (stock), Narcissus (daffodil), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pinus (pines), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Sorbus aria (whitebeam), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Vicia faba (broad bean) 108. [c ]:Phytophthora phaseoli I: jika MP Phaseolus lunatus biji, Africa: DR Congo Thaxt. (1889); ( = tidak daun,batan America: Mexico, Puerto Rico, Phytophthora infestans var. diproses g, akar, USA phaseoli (Thaxt.) Leonian II. jika MP media Asia: Sri Lanka, Philippines (1925) diproses tanam Europe: Italy,Rusia Oomycetes; Phaseolus leaf blight, collar rot of lima bean 109. [c]: Phytophthora sojaeKaufm I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) polong, biji, America: Argentina, Brazil, & Gerd.;( =P.megasperma tidak Lupinus sp. media Canada, Chile, USA var. sojaeHildebr. diproses tanam Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Korea =Phytophthora megasperma II. jika MP (tanah), Republic of (South Korea), f.sp. glycinea T.L. Kuan & diproses daun, akar, Mongolia, Pakistan Erwin; =Phytophthora.sojae batang, Europe:Bulgaria, France, Italy, f.sp. glycines); Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Chromista; Oomycota; Switzerland, Ukraine Pythiales; Pythiaceae; Oceania:Australia Phytophthora root and stem rot, root and stem rot of soybean, root and stem rot of soyabean
281 110. [c]: Sclerophthora I: jika MP Avena sativa (oat, oats), media Africa: Ethiopia, Mauritius,South macrospora(Sacc.) Thirum., tidak Eleusine coracana (finger tanam, Africa, Uganda. C.G. Shaw & Naras; ( diproses millet), Hordeum vulgare bunga, American: Cuba, Canada, Mexico, =Sclerospora oryzae = II. jika MP (barley), Oryza sativa (padi, daun, akar, USA, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela. Phytophthora macrospora diproses paddy, rice), Pennisetum batang, biji Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, =Sclerospora kriegeriana glaucum (pearl millet), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, =Nozemia macrospora Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Pakistan, Syria, Thailand, Turkey. =Sclerospora macrospora); sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Oomycetes; downy mildew; (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum Germany, Italy, Poland, Serbia- crazy top of maize, yellow wilt (wheat), Tritcum aestivum Montenegro, Slovenia, of rice, witches' broom on (gandum, wheat), Zea mays Switzerland. maize (jagung, maize). Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Bromus inermis (Awnless brome), Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine indica (goose grass) Elymus repens (quackgrass) Eragrostis (lovegrasses), Lolium temulentum (darnel), Panicum capillare (tumble panicgrass), Poa (meadow grass), Setaria viridis (green foxtail), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss) 111. [c]: Sclerospora graminicola I: jika MP Pennisetum glaucum (pearl bunga, Africa: Burkina Faso, Chad, Ivory (Sacc.) J. Schrot (1886); ( tidak millet), Zea mexicana (teosinte) batang, biji, Coast, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, =Sclerospora graminicola diproses Saccharum officinarum daun Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, var. setariae-italicae II. jika MP (sugarcane), Zea mays (maize) Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra =Protomyces graminicola diproses Leone, South Africa, Sudan, =Peronospora graminicola Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, =Peronospora setariae Zimbabwe
282 =Ustilago urbani); America: Puerto Rico, Canada, Oomycetes; downy mildew of Mexico, USA, Hawaii, Argentina pearl millet, green ear Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Pakistan, Yemen Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Russia (Europe), Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: Fiji 112. [c ]:Trachysphaera I: jika MP Theobroma cacao (kakao, buah, Africa: Cameroon,Central Africa, fructigenaTabor & Bunting tidak cocoa), Musaspp. bunga Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory (1923); diproses Pyrus, Prunus, Malus and Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Oomycetes; cigar end rot of II. jika MP Citrus, Coffea spp. (kopi, Ghana, Guinea, Madagascar, banana, berry rot of coffee, diproses coffee), Persea americana Nigeria, Sierra Leone fungus rot of banana, mealy (alpokat, avocado) pod of cacao, fruit rot of coffee, pod rot of cacao 113. [r]: Aecidium cantense Arthur I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum (kentang, tanaman,bu America: Peru (1929); tidak potato), Solanum lycopersicum nga, buah, Basidiomycota, diproses (tomat, tomato), Ullucus batang, Pucciniomycotina; II. jika MP tuberosus daun Pucciniomycetes; Aecidium diproses potato rust, deforming potato rust, deforming rust, Peruvian rust 114. [r]: Armillaria luteobubalina I: jika MP Acacia dealbata (acacia akar, Oceania: Australia, Papua New Watling & Kile (1978); tidak bernier), Acacia melanoxylon batang, Guinea
283 Basidiomycota, diproses (Australian blackwood), bibit, umbi Agaricomycotina, II. jika MP Actinidia chinensis (Chinese Agaricomycetes; armillaria root diproses gooseberry), Prunus persica rot; honey root rot (persik, peach), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin orange), Citrus sinensis (jeruk, navel orange), Cotoneaster, Cycas revoluta (sago cycas), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus (ornamental species apple), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Nerium oleander (oleander), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Prunus (buah batu, stone fruit), Prunus dulcis (almond), Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), Salix (willows), Taxus (yew), Viburnum, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 115. [r]: Hemileia coffeicolaMaubl & I: jika MP Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) daun Africa: Cameroon, Central Africa, Roger, (1934); ( =Uredo tidak DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, coffeicola); diproses Sao Tome & Principe, Togo, Basidiomycetes, II. jika MP Uganda Pucciniomycotina, diproses Pucciniomycetes; grey rust of coffee powdery rust of coffee, coffee rust 116. [r ]:Phragmidium I: jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) daun, Africa: Egypt mucronatum(Pers.) Schlect; ( tidak batang America: Chile = Phragmidium disciflorum diproses Asia: Japan Basidiomycetes; rust II. jika MP Europe: Bulgaria, Germany, Italy
284 diproses 117. [r]: Puccinia asparagi DC. I: jika MP Asparagus officinalis daun, Africa: Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, (1805); (=Uredo asparagi tidak (asparagus, asparagus) batang, biji, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Lasch (1848) =Aecidium diproses bibit Uganda, Zambia asparagi Lasch (1848) II. jika MP America: Canada, Cuba, =Dicaeoma asparagi (DC.) diproses Dominica, Mexico, USA Kuntze (1898) =Persooniella Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, asparagi (DC.) Syd.(1922) Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, =Puccinia discoidearum var. Japan, Kazakhstan, Philippines, asparagi (DC.) Wallr. (1833) Turkey, Turkmenistan, Urediniomycetes; asparagus Uzbekistan rust Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norwagia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia 118. [r ]:Puccinia coronata Corda I: jika MP Agrostis capillaris (brown bunga, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, (1837); ( = Puccinia coronata tidak bentgrass), Agrostis gigantea daun, Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania var. bromi W.P. Fraser & diproses (black bent), Agrostis batang America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Ledingham (1933) =Puccinia II. jika MP stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay coronata var. calamagrostis diproses Alopecurus aequalis (Dent Asia: India, Israel, Japan, W.P. Fraser & Ledingham foxtail), Arrhenatherum elatius Kazakhstan, Mongolia, (1933) =Puccinia coronata (false oatgrass), Avena sativa Uzbekistan var. elaeagni W.P. Fraser & (oats), Bromus erectus (upright Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Ledingham (1933) =Puccinia brome(grass)), Bromus tectorum and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, lolii =Puccinia sertata (downy brome), Calamagrostis Croatia, Czech, Denmark, =Puccinia coronata var. lolii epigejos, Festuca arundinacea Estonia, Finland, France, Corsica, =Puccinia coronata var. (reed fescue), Festuca ovina Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, sertata =Puccinia alpiniae- (sheeps fescue), Festuca Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, coronata =Puccinia pratensis (English bluegrass), Norway, Poland, Portugal,
285 mediterranea =Puccinia Festuca rubra (red fescue), Romania, Russia, Serbia- coronata f. holci =Puccinia Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass), Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, coronata var. Phalaris canariensis Canary Islands, Sweden, calamagrosteos =Aecidium (Canarygrass), Phleum pratense Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, alaterni =Aecidium cathartici (timothy), Secale cereale (rye), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =Aecidium frangulae Trisetum flavescens (yellow Herzegovina, Montenegro, =Aecidium rhamni oatgrass) Macedonia, =Aecidium rhamni-alipnae Rhamnus caroliniana (Carolina Oceania: Australia, New Zealand =Aecidium rhamni- buckthorn), Rhamnus infectoriae =Puccinia cathartica (buckthorn), coronata var. intermedia Rhamnus frangula (alder =Puccinia pumilae-coronata buckthorn), turfgrasses =Puccinia alpinae-coronata =Puccinia coronata var. avenae); Urediniomycetes; crown rust, crown rust of oat, oat crown rust, leaf rust of oats
119. [r]: Sphenospora I: jika MP Oncydium orchids daun, America: USA saphenaCummins; tidak tangkai Basidiomycetes; rust diproses II. jika MP diproses 120. [r ]:Uredo nigropunctaHenn. I: jika MP Orchidaceae, Cattleya sp, daun, America: Argentina, USA, (1896); ( =Uredo guacae tidak Epidendrum sp. tangkai Nicaragua, Bahama, Brazil, Mayor (1913) =Uredo diproses Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba. behnickiana Henn. (1896) II. jika MP =Uredo epidendri Henn diproses =Uredo nigropuncta Henn) Basidiomycetes; rust
286 VII. BAKTERI (BACTERIA) DAN FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA)
NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ MEDIA KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGA INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ N/ GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur, I Ananas comosus (nanas, buah America: USA 1864) Beijerinck 1989 pineapple), Malus Asia: Philippines (= Bacterium aceti Beij, domestica (apel, apple), Oceania: Australia Mycoderma aceti Pasteur) Pyrus communis (European pink disease of pineapple pear) 2. Acidovorax citrulli(Manns) I Cucumis melo (melon, biji, daun, buah, America: USA, Brazil, Costarica Willems et al melon), Citrullus vulgaris batang, bibit Asia: Turkey, China, Japan, (=Acidovorax avenae subsp. (semangka, watermelon), Taiwan, Thailand citrulli(Manns) Willems et Cucurbita maxima (waluh, Oceania: Australia, Guam, al.=Pseudomonas avenae labu parang, pumpkin), Northern Mariana Island subsp. citrulli = Cucumis sativus P.pseudoalcaligenes subsp. (mentimun, cucumber) citrulli); Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae; busuk buah, fruit blotch, fruit rot 3. Burkholderia andropogonis I Zea mays (jagung, corn, bunga, tunas, Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, (Smith) Gilliset al.; maize), Triticum aestivum jaringan Mauritania, Nigeria, Rwanda, (=Aplanobacter stizolobii (gandum, wheat), Sorghum meristem, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, =Bacterium andropogonis bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), tanaman hasil Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. =B.stizolobii =B.woodsii Dianthus spp. (anyelir, mikropropagasi, America: Argentina, Brazil, =Phytobacterium andropogonis carnation), Bougainvillea bibit Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, =P.Stizolobii =P.woodsii spp. (bogenvil, bougenville), Cuba, El Salvador, Haiti, =Phytomonas andropogonis Trifolium repens (white Honduras, Mexico, USA, Uruguay, =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii clover), Vicia sativa Venezuela =Pseudomonas andropogonis (common vetch), Ceratonia Asia: China, Hongkong, Iraq, =P.andropogonis pv. Stizolobii siliqua (locust bean), Cicer Japan, Pakistan, Philippines,
287 =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii); arietinum (chick paea), Thailand, Taiwan Burkhoderiales: Gypsophila paniculata Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Burkholderiacea; (baby’s breath), Limonium Polandia, Portugal, Russia, United bacterialstripe, striping sinuatum (sea pink), Kingdom Ruscus, Trifolium pratense Oceania: Australia, Federasi (purple clover), Trifolium Micronesia, New Zealand. subterraneum (subterraneum clover), Tulipa (tulip), Vaccinium (blueberries), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Dypsis lutescens (golden cane palm) 4. Burkholderia gladioliYabuuchi I Gladiolus spp., Asplenium umbi, akar, Africa: Algeria. et al.; (=Pseudomonas gladioli); nidus (bird's nest fern), batang, daun, America: USA Burkholderiales: Crocus sativus (saffron), bunga, buahdan Asia: China, Japan. Burkholderiacea;spot of Eustoma grandiflorum media tanam orchids; soft rot of orchids; (Lisianthus (cut flower bacterial crown rot of crop), Orchidaceae lisianthus; busuk umbi (orchids), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass). 5. Clavibacter michiganensis I Zea mays (jagung, corn, biji, akar, batang, America: USA, Canada subsp. nebraskensis(Vidaver & maize), Saccharum daun, bunga, Mandel) Davis et al.; officinarum (tebu, buah, bibit, (=Corynebacterium sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor tanaman hasil michiganense pv. nebraskensis (sorgum, sorghum), mikropropagasi =C.michiganense subsp. Sorghum sudanense (Sudan nebraskense grass), Zea mexicana =C.nebraskense);Actynomyceta (teosinte) les: Microbacteriaceae;bacterial Triticum aestivum (gandum, stripe, freckles and wilt wheat), Echinochloa crus- galli (barnyard grass)
288
6. Clavibacter michiganensis I Solanum tuberosum umbi, biji, media Africa: Algeria subsp.sepedonicus(Spieckerma (kentang, potato) tanam, akar, America: Canada, USA, Venezuela, nn & Kotthoff) Davis et al.; Solanum lycopersicum batang, daun, Mexico, Costa Rica, Haiti, (=Aplanobacter sepedonicus (tomat, tomato), Solanum bunga, buah, Panama, Peru =Bacterium sepedonicum melongena (terung, tanah, bibit, Asia: Afganistan, Cambodia, =Corynebacterium eggplant), Lycopersicon tanaman hasil China, Israel, Taiwan, Japan, michiganense pv. sepedonicum pimpinellifolium (currant mikropropagasi Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon, =C. michiganense subsp. tomato) Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, sepedonicum =C.sepedonicum Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Asia =Mycobacterium sepedonicum Tenggara =Phytomonas sepedonica Europe: Austria, Belarus, Croatia, =Pseudobacterium Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, sepedonicum); Finland, France, Germany, Actynomycetales: Greece, Crete, Latvia, Lithuania, Microbacteriaceae; bacterial Netherlands, Norway, Poland, ring rot Russia, Siberia, Sweden, Ukraine, Belgia, Bulgaria, Hungaria, Irlandia, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom 7. Curtobacterium I Glycine max (kedelai, biji, buah, Africa: Mauritius, Tunisia, Kenya flaccumfacienspv.flaccumfacien soybean), Zea mays batang, bibit, America: Brazil, Colombia, USA, s (Hedges) Collins & Jones; (jagung, corn, maize), Vigna tanaman hasil Venezuela, Canada, Mexico (=Bacterium flaccumfaciens = radiata (kacang hijau, mikropropagasi Asia: Turkey Corynebacterium mungbean), Vigna spp. (planlet) Europe: Romania, Russia, flaccumfaciens pv. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, flaccumfaciens Phaseolus coccineus France, Germany, Greece, =C.flaccumfaciens (runner bean), Phaseolus Hungary, Italy, Netherland, =C.flaccumfaciens ssp. lunatus (lima bean), Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia,
289 flaccumfaciens =Phytomonas Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, flaccumfaciens =Pseudomonas common bean), Zornia.spp., Yugoslavia flaccumfaciens); Ipomoea (morning glory), Oceania: Australia Actynomycetales: Lablab purpureus (hyacinth Microbacteriaceae; bacterial bean) wilt 8. Dickeya chrysanthemi. I Chrysanthemum spp., umbi, batang, Africa: Algeria, Comoros, Congo, (= Erwinia chrysanthemi Araceae, Aglaonema, Aloe daun, media Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Morocco, (Bulkholder, Mc. Fadden & vera (lidah buaya), Allium tanam (tanah) Reunion, South Africa, Sudan, Dimock); =Erwinia carotovora spp. (bawang-bawangan), Zimbabwe, f.sp. parthenii =E.carotovora Begonia, Brachiaria, America: Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, f.sp. zeae =E.carotovora var. Brassica oleraceae var. Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, chrysanthemi botrytis (kol bunga, Ecuador, French Guiana, =E.dieffenbachiae =E.maydis cauliflower), Dieffenbachia, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, =E.paradisiaca=Pectobacterium Dianthus, Dracaena Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, carotovorum f. sp. marginata, Elettaria Martinique, Panama, Peru, Puerto chrysanthemi =P.carotovorum cardamomum, Pelargonium Rico, Saint Lucia, United States of var. chrysanthemi zonale hybrids, Petunia America, Venezuela =P.carotovorum var. hybridaPhilodendron, Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, graminarum Anggrek Vanda, Iran, Japan, Korea Dem. People's =P.chrysanthemi=P.chrysanthe Phalaenopsis. Republic, Korea Republic, mi pv. zeae =P.parthenii- Aglaonema commutatum, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, dianthicola); Enterobacteriales: Ananas comosus (nenas, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Enterobacteriaceae; busuk pineapple), Apium Taiwan kaki, bacterial wilt, bacterial graveolens (seladeri, celery), Europe: Austria, Belarus, soft rot Brachiaria mutica, Brassica Belgium, Denmark, Finland, oleracea var. capitata France, Germany, Greece, (kubis, cabbage), Capsicum Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, annuum (paprika, bell- Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, pepper), Sweden, Switzerland, United Dieffenbachiamaculata, Kingdom (England, Scotland). Dianthus spp., Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Lycopersicum esculentum New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
290 (tomat, tomato), Panicum Solomon Islands maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Philodendron spp., Aechmea fasciata, Anemone, Celosia argentea, Cichorium endivia (andewi, endevi), Cichorium intybus, Canna, Consolida ambigua, Cucumis melo (melun, melon), Colocasia esculenta (taleus, taro), Cynara scolimus (artichoke), Cyclamen, Dahlia pinnata, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hyacinthus, Imperata cylindrica (alang- alang, bedding grass), Ipomoea batatas (ubi rambat, sweet potato), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce) Medicago sativa, Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Musa textilis, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Paspalum, Parthenium argentatum, Phalaenopsis sp.Pyrus communis,
291 Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sedum spectabile, Saintpaulia ionantha, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant) Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sweet potato, Syngonium podophyllum, Tagetes patula (French marigold)Tulip spp., Xanthosoma caracu, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
9. Dickeya I Pelargonium sp., Solanum umbi, batang, Asia: China, dadantii;Enterobacteriales: tuberosum (kentang, daun, media America: USA, Honduras, Puerto Enterobacteriaceae;bacterial potato), Ananas comosus tanam (tanah) Rico, wilt and soft rot of ornamentals (nanas, pineapple), Europe: Belgium, France, and potato Dianthus spp., Euphorbia Germany, Italy, United Kingdom sp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa sp. (pisang, banana), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Philodendron sp., Sintpaulia sp. 10. Dickeya I Dianthus spp, Solanum umbi, batang, Asia: Japan, dianthicola;Enterobacteriales: tuberosum (kentang, daun, media America: USA, Enterobacteriaceae; slow wilt potato), Solanum tanam (tanah) Europe: Belgium, Denmark,
292 of Dianthus and potato lycopersicum (tomat, Finland, France, Germany, tomato), Cichorium sp. Greece, Italy, Jersey, Netherlands, (Chicory), Cynara sp. Poland, Romania, Sweden, (Artichoke), Dahlia sp., Switzerland, United Kingdom, Hyacinthus sp., Iris sp., Oceania: New Zealand Kalanchoe sp. 11. Dickeya I Dieffenbachiae sp., umbi, batang, Asia: China, dieffenbachiae;Enterobacteriale Solanum lycopersicum daun, media America: USA, Honduras, Puerto s: Enterobacteriaceae (tomat, tomato) tanam (tanah) Rico, Europe: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom 12. Dickeya I Musa sp. (pisang, banana) umbi, batang, America: Cuba, Guatemala, paradisiacal;Enterobacteriales: daun, media Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Enterobacteriaceae tanam (tanah) Colombia, Venezuela Oceania: Papua New Guinea 13. Dickeya I Solanum tuberosum umbi, batang, Europe: Belgium, Finland, France, solani;Enterobacteriales: (kentang, potato) daun, media Poland, Netherlands, Spain) Enterobacteriaceae tanam (tanah) Africa: Israel 14. Dickeya I Zea mays (jagung, Maize), umbi, batang, Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, zeae;Enterobacteriales: Solanum tuberosum daun, media Korea Dpr, Korea Republic Of, Enterobacteriaceae (kentang, potato), Ananas tanam (tanah) Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, comosus (nanas, Africa: Comoros, Egypt, Mauritius, pineapple), Musa sp. Réunion, South Africa, Sudan, (pisang, banana), Nicotiana Zimbabwe, tabacum (tembakau, America: Usa, Costa Rica, Cuba, tobacco), Oryza sativa Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, (padi, rice), Brachiaria sp, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Colombia, Chrysanthemum sp. Guyana, Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain,
293 Switzerland, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand 15. Erwinia amylovora (Burrill); I Malus domesticum (apel, tunas, tanaman Africa: Egypt, Algeria, Morocco (=Bacillus amylovorus apple), Prunus dulcis hasil America: Bermuda, Guatemala, =Bacterium amylovorum (almon, almond), Prunus mikropropagasi(pl Mexico, USA, Canada =Erwinia amylovora f.sp. rubi americana (aprikot, anlet), buah, Asia: Armenia, Iran, Israel, =Micrococcus amylovorus); apricot), Prunus cerrasus bunga, daun, Jordan, Libanon, Turkey, Enterobacteriales: (ceri, cherry), Pyrus batang Bibit, Azerbajian, China, India, Iran, Enterobacteriaceae, fire blight communis (pir, pear), kayu Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Prunus persica (persik, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, peach), Amelanchier spp., Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam, Asia Cydonia oblonga, Tenggara (South-east Asia) Rubusspp., Sorbusspp. Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: New Zealand 16. Erwinia rhapontici I Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), biji, umbi lapis, America: North America (Canada), (=Pectobacterium rhapontici Triticum (wheat), Triticum buah, bibit, Mexico, USA (Millard 1924) Patel & Kulkarni aestivum (gandum, wheat) batang, akar, Asia: Iran, Israel, Jepan, Korea, 1951 =Erwinia carotovora var. Allium cepa (bawang planlet, media Malaysia rhapontici =Aplanobacter bombay, onion), Allium tanam, tuber, Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic rhapontici = Bacillus rhapontici sativum (bawang putih, corms, rhizome and Slovakia, France, Italy =Bacterium rhapontici garlic), Beta vulgaris var. (Sardinia), Lithuania, Netherlands,
294 =Phytomonas rhapontici saccharifera (sugarbeet), Norway, Poland, Ukraine, UK =Pseudobacterium rhapontici = Cichorium (chicory), (England, Wales) Xanthomonas rhapontici); Cyclamen persicum Oceania: Australia Enterobacteriales; (cyclamens), Dianthus Enterobacteriaceae; rhubarb (carnation), Hippeastrum, crown rot; wheat pink seed; Hyacinthus orientalis cereal pink grain (hyacinth), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Morus (mulberrytree), Morus alba (mora), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pyrus (pir, pears), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) 17. Erwinia tracheiphila (Holland) I Cucumis sativus bunga, daun, Africa: DR Congo, South Africa, Smith; (=Bacillus tracheiphilus (mentimun, cucumber), akar, batang, America: Canada, Honduras, Peru, Smith =Bacillus tracheiphilus Cucumis melo (melon, bibit, tanaman USA, New Mexico f.sp. cucumis =Bacterium melon), labu, Cucurbita hasil Asia: China, Iraq, Japan, Korea, tracheiphilum =Erwinia maxima (waluh, labu mikropropagasis Thailand, Iran, Taiwan amylovora var. tracheiphila); parang, pumpkin), Citrullus Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Enterobacteriales: Entero vulgaris (semangka, Vektor: Lithuania, Russia. bacteriaceae; bacterial wilt watermelon), Cucurbitaceae Coleoptera, Oceania: Australia. lainnya Chrysomelidae: Acalymma vittata 18. Herbaspirillum I Saccharum officinarum daun, batang Africa: Angola, Benin, Central rubrisubalbicans(=Pseudomona (tebu, sugarcane), Zea Africa, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, s rubrisubalbicansNorth. & mays (jagung, corn, maize), Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Smith; (=Bacterium Sorghum halepense Réunion, South Africa, Tanzania, rubrisubalbicans = (Johnson grass), Burundi, Cote d’Ivore, Togo =Phytomonas Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, America: Barbados, Brazil,
295 rubrisubalbicans=Xanthomonas sorghum), Oryza sativa Colombia, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, rubrisubalbicans); (padi, paddy) Martinique, Nicaragua, Peru, Pseudomonadales: Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela, Pseudomonadaceae; mottled Cuba, Panama stripe, bacterialstripe Asia: Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand 19. Pantoea I Ananas comosus (nenas, buah, polong, Africa: Egypt, Burkina Faso, agglomerans(=Bacterium pineapple), Medicago sativa akar, batang, Cameroon, Gabon, Madagaskar, herbicola =B.typhiflavum (alfalfa, lucerne), Allium daun, bunga, Mali, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, =Corynebacterium beticola spp. (bawang-bawangan), buah Togo, Tunisia =Enterobacter agglomerans Vitis vinifera (anggur, America: Barbados, Cuba, USA, =E.agglomeranspv. millettiae grapevine), Malus sylvestris Costarica, El Salvador, Honduras, =Erwinia herbicola =E.herbicola (apel, apple), Pyrus Nicaragua, Panama, Mexico, pv. millettiae=E.lathyri communis (pir, pear) Colombia, Bolivia, Equador, =E.mangiferae =E.millettiae =E. Abelmoschus moschatus Venezuela vitivora =Flavobacterium (okra, lady’s finger), Citrus Asia: Israel, Japan, Saudi Arabia., herbicola =F.rhenanum spp. (jeruk, orange), Bangladesh, Kambodia, China, =F.trifolii =Kurthia baccarinii Impatiens balsamina, India, Korea DPR (North Korea), =Pantoea agglomerans pv. Lathyrus odoratus, Republic of Korea (South Korea), millettiae =Phytomonas itoana Solanum lycopersicum Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, =Pseudomonas herbicola (tomat, tomato), Manihot Pakistan, Philipine, Sri Lanka, =P.itoana esculenta (ubi kayu, Thailand, Vietnam =P.trifolii=Xanthomonas cassava), Mangifera indica Europe: France, Germany, Poland, cosmosicola =X.indica =X.itoana (mangga, mango), Oryza Spain, UK., Italy, Moldova, Poland =X.maydis =X.penniseti =X. sativa (padi, paddy ), Oceania: New Zealand., Australia rubrisorghi Setaria italica, Vitis vinifera =X.tagetis=X.translucens f.sp. (anggur, grapevine), Zea oryzae =X.trifolii); mays (jagung, corn, maize), Enterobacteriales: Allium sativum (bawang Enterobacteriaceae; bacterial putih, garlic), Carthamus
296 grapevine blight, bacterial tinctorius, Daucus carota riceblight, pink disease of (wortel, carrot), Glycine max pineapple (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare, Morus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) 20. Pantoe a ananatis (Serrano, I Ananas comosus (nenas, tunas, buah, biji, Africa: Nigeria, South Africa, 1928), Mergaert, 1931 pineapple), Saccharum batang, daun, Zimbabwe (= Pectobacterium ananas officinarum (tebu, tanaman hasil America: Brazil, Guatemala, (Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni sugarcane), Cucumis melo mikropropagasi Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, Puerto =Pantoea ananatis pv. ananatis (melon, melon), Allium cepa (planlet) Rico, USA, Venezuela, New York, (Serrano) Mergaert et al.= (bawang bombay, Onion), Argentina Erwinia uredovora Pon et Eucalyptus grandis (saligna Asia: China, Taiwan, Malaysia, al.=Pantoea ananatis pv. gum), Eucalyptus nitens Philippines, India, Japan. uredovora (Pon et al.) Mergaert (shining gum) Eropa: Polandia etal. Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Oceania: Australia = Bacillus ananas Serrano Zea mays (jagung, corn), =Bacterium ananas (Serrano) Solanum lycopersicum Burgvits =Chromobacterium (tomat, tomato), sorghum ananas (Serrano) Krasil'nikov bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) =Erwinia herbicola var. ananas (Serrano) Dye= Pectobacterium ananas (Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni =Erwinia ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et al.) Dye = Erwinia urediniolytica Borders =Xanthomonas uredovora
297 =Pantoea ananas pv. ananas (Serrano) Mergaert et al. =Pantoea ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et al.) comb. Nov; Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae 21. Pectobacterium I Zantedeschia aethiopica umbi, daun, akar, Africa: South Africa aroidearum;Enterobacteriales: (lilium, calla lily, arum lily) batang, tanah Enterobacteriaceae 22. Pectobacterium atrosepticum I Solanum tuberosum umbi, daun, akar, Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, (Van Hall) Jennison; (=Erwinia (kentang, potato), batang, tanah. Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, caricae =Bacillus atrosepticus = Euphorbia pulcherrima Estonia, Finland, France, Bacillus melanogenes (poinsettia) Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, =B.phytophthorus =Bacterium Saccharum officinarum Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, atrosepticum =B.carotovorum (tebu, sugarcane), Netherlands, Norway, Poland, =B.carotovorum pv Brassicaceae, Allium Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, atrosepticum =B.melanogenum ascalonicum (bawang Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, =B.phytophthorum =Erwinia merah, shallot), Asparagus Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and carotovora =E.carotovora pv. officinalis (asparagus, Herzegovina, Montenegro, atroseptica =E.dahliae asparagus), Carica papaya Macedonia., Yugoslavia =E.melonis =E.papayae (pepaya, pawpaw), Coffea Asia: Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, =E.phytophthora spp. (kopi, coffee), Cucumis India, Iran, Israel, Japan, =E.phytophthorus sativus (mentimun, Kazakhstan, Libanon, Philippines, =Pectobacterium atrosepticum cucumber), Daucus carota Turkey, Vietnam. =P.carotovorum =P.carotovorum (wortel, carrot), Glycine max Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius, pv atrosepticum =P.carotovorum (kedelai, soybean), Morocco, Mozambique, South pv carotovorum Helianthus annuus (bunga Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, =P.phytophthorum =Erwinia matahari, sunflower), Iris Zimbabwe. atroseptica =E.carotovora var. spp., Lycopersicum America: Argentina, Belize, atroseptica); Enterobacteriales: esculentum (tomat, tomato), Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Enterobacteriaceae;blackleg Musa spp. (pisang, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, banana), Nicotiana tabacum Cuba, Dominica, French West
298 (tembakau, tobacco), Vigna Indies, Guadeloupe, Honduras, spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea Martinique, Mexico, Peru, St. mays (jagung, corn, maize) Lucia, Grenadines, Suriname, Allium cepa (bawang Trinidad, Tobago, USA., Saint bombay, onion), Consolida Vincent and the Grenadines, ambigua (rocket larkspur), Venezuela Cyphomandra betacea (tree Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. tomato), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Phaseouls vulgaris (common bean), Saccarum offiicinarum (sugarcane), Saintpaulia (African violet), Solanaceae, Iris (Irises), Lupinus (Lupin), Nicotiana glauca ( Tree tobacco), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru)
23. Pectobacterium betavasculorum I Beta vulgaris var. akar, batang, America: USA (= Sacharifera (Sugarbeet), daun, bunga, Erwinia carotovora subsp. Solanum tuberosum buah Betavasculorum; =Erwinia (kentang, Potato) betavasculorum); Enterobacteriace; sugarbeet rot
24. Pectobacterium I Opuntia spp. (Kaktus, umbi, daun, akar, America: USA, Columbia, cacticida;Enterobacteriales: cactus, cacti) batang, tanah Guatemala Enterobacteriaceae
299 25. Pectobacterium I Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), umbi, daun, akar, Asia: Japan, Malaysia wasabiae;Enterobacteriales: Brassica oleracea var. batang, tanah America: Canada Enterobacteriaceae capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) 26. Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. I Phaseolus acutifolius Buah, polong, Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, phaseolicola (tepary bean), Phaseolus titik tumbuh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, (Burkholder)Gardan et al.(= coccineus (runner bean), daun, biji, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolus lunatus (lima batang, bibit, (Rodriguez Island), Morocco, phaseolicola =Pseudomonas bean), Phaseolus vulgaris bunga Mozambique, South Africa, phaseolicola = Pseudomonas (buncis, common bean) Rwanda, Swaziland, Tanzania, medicaginis = Pseudomonas Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. medicaginis var. phaseolicola Centrosema, Desmodium America: Central America & =Bacterium medicaginis var. (tick clovers), Glycine max Caribbiean (Barbados, Costa Rica, phaseolicola = Phytomonas (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint medicaginis var. phaseolicola purpureus (hyacinth bean), Vincent and the Grenadines), =Phytomonas puerariae = Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet North America (Canada), Mexico, Pseudomonas medicaginis f.sp. pea), Pueraria var. lobata USA, Hawaii, Argentina, Bolivia, phaseolicola = Xanthomonas (kudzu), Vigna angularis Brazil, Colombia, Chile, medicaginis var. phaseolicola = (adzuki bean), Vigna Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Pseudomonas vignae = radiata (kacang hijau, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Phytomonas vignae = mung bean), Vigna Uruguay, French Guiana, Bacterium puerariae = unguiculata (kacang Suriname, Xanthomonas phaseolicola = panjang, cowpea) Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Pseudomonas cerasi (=cerasus) Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turki, = Pseudomonas holci) ; Yaman
300 Pseudomonadales; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Pseudomonadaceae; halo blight Bulgaria, Czech Republic and (of beans); grease spot (of Slovakia, Denmark, Frence, beans) Germany, Greece, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Lithuaina, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Russia (Europe), Spain, Sweeden, Switzerland, UK (Channel Islands) Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand 27. Pseudomonas syringaepv. I Prunus avium (sweet buah, bunga, Africa: South Africa morsprunorum(Wormald) Young cherry), Prunus domestica daun, batang, America: North America (Canada), et al. (=Pseudomonas mors- (plum), Prunus salicina kayu, dan kulit USA prunorum = Agrobacterium (Japanese plum) kayu Asia: India, Japan, Libanon mors-prunorum = Bacterium Prunus cerasus (sour Eroupe: Czech Republic, Czech mors-prunorum = Phytomonas cherry) Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, mors-prunorum; Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Pseudomonadales; Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, canker of stone fruits;spot of Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, stone fruits; shoot wilt of stone Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, fruits; gummosis; blossom Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, blast French, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Serbia and Montenegro, Ukraine, UK, Switzerland Oceania: Australia
301 28. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Passiflora (passionflower), daun, buah, Africa: South Africa passiflorae (= Passiflora edulis (markisa, batang America: Dominica Pseudomonas passiflora passionfruit) Oceania: Australia dan New (Reid) Young et al.); Zeland Phytobacterium passiflorae (Reid) Magrou & Prévot; Phytomonas passiflorae Reid; Pseudomonas passiflorae (Reid) Burkholder); grease spot of passion fruit; necrotic spots 29. Pseudomonas I Coriandrum sativum biji, bibit,, America: Ohio syringaepv.coriandricolaToben (ketumbar, coriander), batang, daun. Asia: India & Rudolph; Pseudomonadales: Petroselinum crispum Europe: Germany, Spain Pseudomonadaceae;blight, (Parsley ) Oceania: Australia bacterial blight 30. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee). Tanaman hasil Africa: Kenya garcae Teix. & Pinh.; Solanum lycopersicum mikropropagasi America: Brazil (=P. garcae); Pseudomonadales: (tomat, tomato), Solanum (planlet), bibit Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialsp tuberosum (kentang, ot, bacterial blight of coffee potato), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Citrus sp.(jeruk, orange) 31. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Brassica oleracea capitata batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Algeria, Mauritius, maculicola(McCulloch) Young (kubis, cabbage), Brassica akar, batang, Mozambique, South Africa, et al.; (=Bacterium rapa gongylodes (kohlrabi), daun, bunga, Zimbabwe maccullochianum = Brassica rapa sub sp. rapa buah America: Argentina, Bermuda, B.maculicola =B.maculicola var. (turnip, turnip), Brassica Brazil, Karibia, Cuba, El Salvador, japonicum =Phytomonas juncea var. juncea, Brassica North America, Puerto Rico, maculicola =Pseudomonas nigra, Brassica oleracea Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, maculicola); Pseudomonadales: var. viridis, Brassica Colombia, Chile, Venezuela,
302 Pseudomonadaceae; pepper oleracea var. gemmifera, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, spot, spot Brassica rapa sub sp. Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French pekinensis, Raphanus Guiana, USA, Canada sativus (lobak,radish), Asia: China, Georgia (Republic), Brassica oleracea Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), var.botrytis (bunga kol, Republic of Korea (South Korea), cauliflower), Brassica Turkey, Taiwan oleracea var. italica Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, (broccoli) Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Rusia, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia Oceania: Australia, Palau, Micronesia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 32. Pseudomonas syringaepv.pisi I Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet planlet, buah, Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, (=Bacterium pisi= Chlorobacter pea), Lathyrus, Pisum bunga, daun, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe pisi =Phytomonas pisi sativum var. arvense tanaman, batang, America: Argentina, Bermuda, =Pseudomonas pisi); Vicia benghalensis, Lablab biji. Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Pseudomonadales: purpureus, Lathyrus Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, USA, Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial latifolius, Lathyrus Uruguay pea blight odoratus, Vicia spp., Asia: Armenia, Georgia, India, Cynodon dactylon, Galium Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, aparine, Reseda lutea, Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Nepal, Digitaria sanguinalis, Pakistan, Syria Lepidium campestre, Vicia Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, (vetch) Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Caldarera,
303 Sicily, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern Rusia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Wales), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand 33. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Cucurbita maxima (waluh, biji, akar, batang, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, syringae( van Hall) Young et labu parang, pumpkin), daun, bunga, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Morocco, al.; (=Bacillus cerasi =B.gummis Cyphomandra betacea (tree buah, media South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, =B.matthiolae =B.spongiosus tomato), Lactuca sativa tanam Uganda, Zimbabwe, =Bacterium cerasi =B.cerasi (lettuce), Prunus avium America: Argentina, Barbados, var. prunicola =B.citrarefaciens (Sweet Cherry), Pyrus (pir, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, =B.citriputeale =B.gummis pear), Passiflora edulis Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, =B.hibisci =B.holci = (passionfruit) Panama, Puerto Rico, USA, B.nectalaphilum =B.prunicola Malus domesticum (apel, Uruguay =B.rimaefaciens =B.spongiosum apple), Prunus spp., Vigna Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, =B.syringae =B.trifoliorum spp. (kacang panjang, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, =B.utiformica =B.vignae cowpea), Syringa vulgaris, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, =B.vignae var. leguminophilum Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Libanon, Sri Lanka, Thailand, =B.viridifaciens =Chlorobacter sorghum), Aconitum spp., Turkey, Uzbekistan, syringae =Phytomonas cerasi Abelmoschus moschatus Europe: Belarus, Belgium, =P.cerasi var. prunicola (okra, lady’s finger), Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, =P.citrarefaciens =P.citriputealis Vernicia fordii, Allium spp., Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, =P.hibisci =P.holci =P.matthiolae Alnus glutinosa, Arbutus Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, =P.nectalaphila =P.prunicola spp., Aralia spp., Actinidia Montenegro, Macedonia, France, =P.rimaefaciens =P.spongiosa deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Germany, Greece, Hungary, =P.syringae=P.trifoliorum Atriplex hortensis, Beta Ireland, Italy, Moldova, =P.utiformica =P.vignae vulgaris var saccharifera Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
304 =P.vignae var. leguminophila (bit gula, sugar beet), Romania, Spain, Sweden, =P.viridifaciens =Pseudomonas Betula pendula, Brassica Switzerland, Ukraine, UK cerasi=Pseudomonas cerasi rapa subsp. pekinensis (pe- Oceania: Australia, New Zealand f.sp. pyri =P.cerasi var. tsai), Carthamus tinctorius, prunicola =P.cerasi var. pyri Centaurea maculosa, =P.citrarefaciens =P. Erysimum cheiri, citriputealis =P.hibisci Chrysanthemum indicum, =P.oryzicola Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), =P.prunicola=P.spongiosa Cinnamomum camphora, =P.syringae =P.syringae f.sp. Calystegia sepium, prunicola (Wormald) Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, =P.trifoliorum =P.utiformica Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), =P.vignae =P.vignae var. Capsicum annuum leguminophila =P.viridifaciens (paprika, bell-pepper), =P.syringae pv. Cucumis sativus japonica);Pseudomonadales: (mentimun, cucumber), Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial Cucurbita, Cydonia canker or blast (stone and oblonga, Cyphomandra pome fruits), bacterial brown betacea, Dahlia pinnata, spot (beans), apoplexy of Daphne odora, Desmodium apricots, bacterial black spot, spp., Diospyros kaki bacterial eye spot, (kesemek, persimmon), bacterialspot, bacterial sheath Echinochloa crusgalli, rot, blast of Citrus, blister spot Fortunella spp., Forsythia of apple, peach-tree short-life, intermedia, Fragaria vesca, pear blossom blight Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Hibiscus spp., Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Impatiens balsamina, Juglans regia, Lactuca sativa, Lablab purpureus, Ligustrum
30 5 ovalifolium, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Magnolia spp., Medicago sativa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Matthiola incana, Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Mucuna deeringiana, Nerium oleander, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum spp., Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pennisetum spp., Philadelphus, Vigna angularis, Phaseolus spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Piper nigrum (lada, blackpepper), Pinus radiata, Populus spp., Quercus spp., Rhododendron, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus ursinus, Salix spp., Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum spp., Trifolium spp., Trigonella foenum-graecum, Triticum
306 aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vaccinium sp., Vicia faba, Vicia villosa, Vigna cylindrica, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize). Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng) 34. Pseudomonas syringaepv.theae I Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) daun, batang Asia: Japan (Hori) Young et al. ; (=Bacillus yang muda akar, theae =Erwinia theae batang, daun, =Innominatus theae bunga, buah =Pseudomonas theae);Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; shoot blight, bacterial stem blight, bacterial tea blight, red blight, tea bacterialspot 35. Pseudomonas viridiflava I Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, biji, akar, batang, Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, (Burkholder); (= Bacterium kiwifruit), Allium cepa daun, bunga, Tanzania, Uganda, Algeria viridiflavum = Chlorobacter (bawang bombay, onion), buah, media America: USA, Argentina, Brazil, viridiflavus = Phytomonas Anethum graveolens (dill), tanam, bibit, Venezuela, Uruguay viridiflava);Pseudomonadales; Apium graveolens (seledri, tanaman hasil Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialbli celery), Apium graveolens mikropropagasi South Korea, Nepal, Turkey, Saudi ght of tomato; Hydrangea bud var. dulce (celery), Brassica Arabia blight; bacterialnecrosis of spp., Capsicum annuum Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, basil; bacterial rot of lettuce; (paprika, bell pepper), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia bacterial rot of Chinese Cucumis melo (melon, and Herzegovina, Montenegro, cabbage; bacterial soft rot of melon), Cucumis sativus Macedonia, France, Germany, tomato; bacterial blossom (mentimun, cucumber), Greece, Hungary, Italy, blight of kiwi Cucurbita maxima (waluh, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland,
307 labu parang, pumpkin), Portugal, Serbia-Montenegro, Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Solanum lycopersicon Yugoslavia, Russia (tomat, tomato) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Calendulaofficinalis (Pot marigold), Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Chrysanthemum indicum (krisan, chrysanthemum), Cichorium endivia (endives), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus macrophylla (alemow), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Eschscholzia californica (california poppy), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), Forsythia
308 suspensa, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lotus corniculatus (bird's- foot trefoil), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Papaver (poppies), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Passiflora edulis (passionfruit), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Pseudopanax, Pyruscommunis (European pear), Rosa (mawar, roses), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Tanacetum coccineum (common pyrethrum),
309 Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vacciniumcorymbosum (blueberry), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, maize,corn), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) 36. Rathayibacter I Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji, akar, batang, Africa: Egypt:, Ethiopia, Zambia, tritici(Hutchinson) Zgurskaya et wheat), Triticum dicoccum, daun, bunga, Marocco. al.; (=Clavibacter tritici Triticum turgidum (durum buah, tanah, Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, =Corynebacterium wheat) media tanam Iran, Iraq, Pakistan michiganense pv. tritici =C.tritici Alopecurus (foxtails), Europe: Cyprus =Agrobacterium tritici Hordeum vulgare (barley), Vektor: Oceania: Australia =Bacterium tritici =Phytomonas Lolium temulentum (darnel) Tylenchida, tritici =P.tritici =Pseudomonas Anguinidae: tritici); Actynomycetales: Anguina tritici Microbacteriaceae; spike blight, tundu disease, yellow ear rot, yellow slime disease, yellow spike 37. Rhizobium vitis(Ophel & Kerr) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, daun, planlet, Africa: Tunisia Young et al. ; (=Agrobacterium grapevine) akar, batang, biji, America: Brazil, Canada, USA biovar 3 =A.tumefaciens biovar tanah, media Asia: Afghanistan, China, Japan, 3 = A. vitis); tanam. Jordan, Korea Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae; Europe: France, Greece, Hungary, crown gall Spain
310 Oceania: Australia
38. Rhodococcus fascians (Zopt.) I Asparagus densiflorus, daun, planlet, Africa: Egypt: Tsunukura; (=Bacterium Begonia tuberhybrida, akar, batang, biji, America: Canada, Colombia, fascians =Phytomonas fascians Erysimum cheiri, tanah, umbi Mexico, USA, Guatemala =Pseudobacterium fascians Chrysanthemum spp., lapis, umbi Asia: India, Iran, Israel =Rhodococcus rubropertinctus Cucumis melo (melon), (tuber), corms, Europe: Belgium, Czech, =Corynebacterium Dahlia pinnata, Dianthus rhizomes, bibit Denmark, Estonia, France, fascians;Actinomycetales: caryophyllus, Fragaria Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Nocardiaceae; witches' broom vesca (arbei, wild Vektor: Netherlands, Norway, Russia, syndrome, ornamental strawberry), Fragaria Hemiptera, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, cauliflower disease, strawberry ananassa (strawberry), Aphididae: Myzus Poland cauliflower disease, strawberry Freesia spp., Gloriosa spp., persicae, M. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand fasciation, tobacco leafy gall, Lilium spp., Lathyrus ascalonicus leafy gall, fasciation odoratus, Pelargonium zonale, Triteleia spp., Brassica oleracea var botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brodiaea, Euphorbia, Fragaria, Hebe, Kalanchoe, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Chamaemelum nobile, Antirrhinum majus, Beta vulgaris (bit, beet root), Beloperone, Brassica spp., Buddleia davidii, Cichorium intybus, Cicer arietinum,
311 Consolida ambigua, Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Crysanthemum vestitum, Casuarina equisetifolia, Dactura inosia, Dianthus barbatus, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Erysimum allionii, Forsythia suspensa, Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gypsophila paniculata, Hebe andersonii hybrids, Hyasinthus, Impatiens walleriana, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pelargonium, Rhododendron (Azela), Mesembryanthemum, Muscari botryoides, Nicotiana, Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus spp., Physalis spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Phlox spp., azalea, Spinacia oleracea, Tagetes spp., Tropaeolum majus, Triteleia laxa, Tulip, Viburnum opulus, Vicia faba, Sorbaria sorbifolia 39. Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et. al).; I Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), bibit Europe: Cyprus, France, Greece, Entomoplasmatales: Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet Italy, Spain.
312 Spiroplasmataceae; stubborn pea), Trifolium pratense, Vektor: Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, disease Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Hemiptera, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Vinca rosea Cicadellidae: Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Armoracia rusticana Circulifer tenellus, Emirates, Yemen. (horseradish), Citrus Scaphytopius Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, aurantium (sour orange), nitrides, S. acutus Madagascar, Morocco, Somalia, Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus delongi, Sudan, Tunisia. reticulata (mandarin), Citrus Neoaliturus America: Argentina, Brazil, reticulata x paradisi haematoceps. Mexico, Peru, Suriname, USA, (tangelo), Citrus sinensis Venezuela. (navel orange), Citrus Oceania: New Zealand. paradisi (grapefruit) Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Capsella bursa- pastoris (shepherd's purse), Chenopodiaceae, Citroncirus webberi (citrange), Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), Citruslimettioides (palestine sweet lime), Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Citrus madurensis (calamondin), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus unshiu (satsuma), Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), Fortunella (kumquats), Plantaginaceae, Plantago ovata (spogel plantain), Raphanus raphanistrum
313 (wild radish), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) 40. Spiroplasma kunkelii I Zea mays (jagung, corn, daun, batang, America: Bolivia, Brazil, El (Whitcomb) Chen et al.; maize), Zea mays subsp. akar Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Entomoplasmatales: mays (jagung manis, USA, Venezuela, Belize, spiroplasmataceae; corn stunt sweetcorn). Vektor: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, disease, corn stunt Zea mexicana (teosinte), Hemiptera, Panama, Argentina spiroplasma, maize stunt Zea perennis Cicadellidae: spiroplasma, Rio Grande corn Dalbulus maydis, stunt D. eliminatus, Exitianus exitiosus, Graminella nigrifons, Stirellus bicolor 41. Streptomyces ipomoeae(Person I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, umbi (tuber/ America: USA & Martin) Waksman & Henrici; sweet potato) corm/ rhizome), Asia: Japan, Vietnam (=Actinomyces ipomoeae); Ipomoea spp. planlet, akar, Actinomycetales: tanah, media Streptomycetaceae; tanam, bibit Streptomycetes soil rot (pox), soil rot, ground rot, sweet potato soft rot, sweet potato soil rot, sweet potato pox 42. Tatumella citrea (= I Ananas comosus (nanas, buah, polong Africa:Tanzania Pantoea citrea pineapple) America: Mexico, USA = Erwinia citreus Sonoyama et Citrus reticulata (jeruk Asia: Japan, Philippines, Taiwan al., 1988 mandarin, mandarin Europe: Albania, Czech Republic pink fruit, pink disease of orange) Oceania: Australia pineapple. 43. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. I Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, buah, daun, Africa: South Africa, Zimbabwe
314 pruni(Smith) Vauterin, Hoste, apricot), Prunus domestica batang America: Central America & Kersters & Swings (plum), Prunus dulcis Caribbean (Bermuda), North (=Xanthomonas pruni = Bacillus (almond), Prunus persica America, Canada, Mexico, USA, pruni = Bacterium cerasi wraggi (peach), Prunus salicina Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, = Bacterium pruni = (Japanese plum) Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Phytomonas cerasi wraggi = Prunus avium (sweet Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Phytomonas pruni = cherry), Prunus cerasus Uruguay, French Guiana Pseudomonas cerasi wraggi = (sour cherry), Prunus Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Pseudomonas pruni = japonica (Japanese bush Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Xanthomonas campestris pv. cherry tree), Prunus mume Republic of Korea (South Korea), pruni; Xanthomonadales; (Japanese apricot tree), Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Xanthomonadaceae; bacterial Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus Tajikistan canker of stone fruit; bacterial laurocerasus (cherry laurel) Europe: Bulgaria, France (France shot-hole of stone fruit; [mainland]), Italy, Moldova, bacterial spot of stone fruit; Romania, Russia (Russian Far bacterialspot of stone fruit; East, Southern Russia), Slovenia, black spot of stone fruit Ukraine, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Netherland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 44. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. I Glycine max (kedelai, daun, batang, Africa: Sudan alfalfae soyabean), Lablab tanaman hasil America: Elsalvador, Nicaragua, Common name: bacterial purpureus (hyacinth bean), mikropropagasi USA alfalfa spot Medicago sativa (lucerne), Asia: Georgia (Republic), India dan Medicago scutellata (snail Syria medic), Phaseolus vulgaris Europe: Rumania (common bean), Pisum Oceania: Australia sativum (kapri, sweetpea), Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vicia benghalensis (purple
315 vetch), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Vigna mungo (black gram) 45. Xanthomonas axonopodispv. I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, akar, batang, Africa: Mauritius, Réunion, South allii Roumagnac et etc.), Allium cepa (bawang daun, bunga, Africa al.(=Xanthomonas campestris bombay, onion), Allium buah, media America: Central America & pv. allii);Xanthomonadales: cepa var. aggregatum tanam Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, Saint Xanthomonadaceae; blight (bawang merah, shallot), Kitts and Nevis), USA, Brazil, Allium fistulosum (Welsh Venezuela onion), Allium porrum (leek), Asia: Japan Allium sativum (bawang Europa: Netherland putih, garlic), Allium schoenoprasum (chives) 46. Xan thomonas I Anthurium andreanum, umbi, rhizome, Africa: Réunion, South Africa axonopodispv.dieffenbachiae Philodendron hederaceum, daun, batang, America: Barbados, Bermuda, (McCulloch & Pirone Philodendron hederaceum media tanam Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Vauterin)et al. ; (=Phytomonas var. oxycardium Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, dieffenbachiae =Bacterium Aglaonema commutatum, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. dieffenbachiae =Xanthomonas Anthurium spp., Caladium Vincent and the Grenadines, dieffenbachiae =X.campestris bicolor hybrids, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, pv. dieffenbachiae Dieffenbachia maculata, Venezuela, =X.campestris pv. Epipremnum pinnatum, Asia: China, Philippines, Taiwan, syngonii);Xanthomonadales: Araceae, Philodendron Turkey Xanthomonadaceae; selloum, Syngonium Europe: Italy, Netherland, anthurium blight, bacterial podophyllum, Xanthosoma Germany, Poland, Romania, UK blight of aroids caracu, X. sagittifolium Oceania: Australia, France Polynesia, New Caledonia 47. Xanthomonas I Codiaeum variegatum, tunas, batang, America: USA, Venezulea axonopodispv.poinsettiicola(Pat Manihot esculenta (ubi daun Asia: Cocos Islands, Philippines, el, Bhatt & Kulkarni) kayu, cassava), Euphorbia India, China, Taiwan Vauterinet al. ; (=Xanthomonas heterophylla (wild Europe: Germany, Italy campestris pv. poinsettiicola poinsettia), Euphorbia milii Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
316 =X.poinsetticola (Crown-of-thorns), =X.poinsettiicola Euphorbia pulcherrima =X.pulcherrimae =X.ricini f.sp. (poinsettia), poinsettiicola =X.rinici f.sp. poinsetticola); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae 48. Xanthomonas I Saccharum officinarum daun, biji, Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, axonopodispv.vasculorum(Cobb (tebu, sugarcane), planlet, batang, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, ) Vauterin et al.; Saccharum sp. umbi (tuber/ Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. Zea mays (jagung, corn, corm/ rhizome), Zimbabwe vasculorum =Bacillus maize), Roystonea regia, akar, bibit, kayu America: Antigua and Barbuda, vasculorum =Bacterium Dictyosperma album, Areca Argentina, Barbados, Belize, vasculorum =Phytomonas catechu (pinang, betelnut Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, vasculara =P.vasculorum palm), bambu, Cocos Dominican, Guyana France, =Pseudomonas vasculorum nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, =Xanthomonas vasculorum) ; Coix lacryma-jobi, Panicum Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Xanthomonadales: spp., Pennisetum Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Xanthomonadaceae; sugarcane purpureum, Sorghum bicolor Vincent and the Grenadines, gumming disease, Gummosis (sorgum, sorghum), Trinidad and Tobago Sorghum halepense Europe: Portugal (Johnson grass), Sorghum Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Papua sudanense (Sudan grass), New Guinea Thysanolaena latifolia (Asian broom grass), Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo), Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Sorghum sp.(sorgum, sorghum)
317 49. Xanthomonas I Lactuca sativa (lettuce), daun, batang, biji Africa: South Africa, Zimbabwe axonopodispv.vitians(Brown) Syngonium, Syngonium America: Brazil, France West Vauterin et al. ; (=Bacterium podophyllum (Arrowhead Indies, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela lactuca =B.vitians = vine), beberapa species Asia: Japan, Republic of Korea Phytomonas lactucae gulma yang termasuk (South Korea) =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians kedalam family Asteraceae, Europe: Germany, Italy, Belarus, =Pseudomonas lactucae Chenopodiaceae, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians Malvaceae, Polygonaceae Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, =Xanthomonas campestris pv. and Portulacaceae Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, vitians =X.lactucae =X.lactucae- Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, scariolae Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia =X.vitians);Xanthomonadales: Oceania: Australia Xanthomonadaceae; leafspot, lettuce bacterial spot 50. Xanthomonas campestrispv. I Armoracia rusticana daun, batang, biji Africa: Zimbabwe armoraciae (McCulloch) Dye; (horseradish), Brassica America: USA, Brazil, Oklahoma (=Bacterium campestre var. oleracea var. botrytis Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey armoraciae = Phytomonas (bunga kol, cauliflower), Europe: Ukraine campestris var. armoraciae = Brassica oleracea var. Oceania: Australia Pseudomonas campestris var. gemmifera (Brussels armoraciae = Xanthomonas sprouts), Brassica oleracea armoraciae); Xanthomonadales: var. italica (broccoli), Iberis Xanthomonadaceae; (candytuft) Xanthomonasspot 51. Xanthomonas cassavae (ex I Manihot esculenta (ubi daun, batang Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Kenya, Wiehe & Dows.) Vauterin et al.; kayu, cassava) Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. Uganda cassavae =X.ricini f.sp. America: Colombia cassavae); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; cassavaspot, cassava bacterial necrosis
318 52. Xanthomonas hortorumpv. I Geranium sanguineum tunas, batang, Africa: Egypt, Morocco, South pelargonii (Brown) Vauterin et (bloody cranesbill), daun, bunga Africa al. ; (=Bacterium geranii Pelargonium America: Argentina, Brazil, =B.pelargonii =Phytomonas (pelargoniums), Vektor: Canada, USA geranii =P.pelargonii Pelargonium graveolens Hemiptera: Asia: India, Iran, Japan =Pseudomonas geranii (Rose geranium) Cicadellidae, Europe: Austria, Belgium, =P.pelargonii =Xanthomonas Cercopidae Denmark, France, Germany, campestris pv. pelargonii Greece, Hungary, Italy, =X.geranii Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, =X.pelargonii);Xanthomonadale Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, s: Xanthomonadaceae; Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, bacterialspot Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia 53. Xanthomonas vasicola I Panicum miliaceum (millet), batang, daun, biji Africa: Ivory Coast, Gambia, pv.holcicola (Elliot); Setaria italica (foxtail Madagascar, Niger, South Africa, (=Xanthomonas holcicola millet), Sorghum bicolor Togo. =Bacterium holcicola (sorghum), Sorghum America: Mexico, USA, Argentina, =Phytomonas holcicola halepense (Johnson grass), Venezuela. =Pseudomonas holcicola = Sorghum sudanense (Sudan Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Xanthomonas campestris pv. grass) Israel, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, holcicola); Xanthomonadales: Sorghum almum Philippines, Thailand. Xanthomonadaceae; streaky (Columbusgrass), Zea mays Europe: France, Romania, Russia, spot of sorghum and Sudan (jagung, maize, corn) Ukraine. grass; melanosis of Panicum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand,
319 millet; bacterial streak of millet Solomon Islands.
54. Xylella fastidiosaWellset al.; I Acer saccharum, umbi lapis, akar, America: Argentina, Brazil, Xanthomonadales: Liquidambar styraciflua, buah, bunga, Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, Xanthomonadaceae; Pierce's Medicago sativa, Morus batang, daun, Paraguay, USA, Venezuela disease of grapevines, alfalfa alba, Platanus occidentalis, biji, bibit. Asia: China, India, Taiwan, Turki. dwarf, almondscorch, citrus Pyrus communis (pir, pear), variegated chlorosis, dwarf Ulmus (elms), Vektor: lucerne, scorch, phony disease Acer (maples), Carya Hemiptera, of peach, plumscald illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus Cicadellidae: latifolia (tahiti lime), Citrus Cicadella viridis, reticulata (mandarin), Carneocephala Citrus reticulata x paradisi fulgida, (tangelo), Citrus sinensis Draeculacephala (navel orange), Liquidambar minerva, styraciflua (Sweet gum), Graphocephala Medicago sativa (lucerne), atropunctata, Nerium oleander (oleander), Hemiptera, Prunus angustifolia Cercopidae: (Mountain cherry tree), Philaenus Prunus dulcis (almond), spumarius Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Ulmus (elms), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Acer rubrum (red maple), Brachiaria spp. (signalgrass), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Conium maculatum (Poison
320 hemlock), Cynodon spp Cyperus (flatsedge), Digitaria spp., Echinochloa frumentacea(Japanese millet), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry), Lolium spp (ryegrasses), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Medicago (medic), Paspalum spp., Paspalum dilatatum (dallis grass), Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower), Poaceae (grasses), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Rubus spp. (blackberry, raspberry), Sambucus spp. (Elderberry), Salix spp., Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion), Trifolium spp., Trifolium (clovers), Ulmus americana (American elm), Vinca minor 55. Xylophilus ampelinus (Panag.) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, batang Africa: South Africa Willems et al. ; (= Xanthomonas grapevine) Asia: Turkey ampelina);Pseudomonadales: Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Pseudomonadaceae; canker of Moldova, Portugal, Spain, grapevine, bacterial blight of Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, grapevine, black arm Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
321
FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ MEDIA KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ / GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Apple chat fruit phytoplasma; I Malus domesticum (apel, mata tunas, Africa: South Africa (= Apple chat fruit MLO) apple), Malus spp. batang, tanaman, America: USA akar, bibit Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales, Scotland) Ocean: New Zealand 2. Apple rubbery wood I Malus domestica (apel, bahan Africa:South Africa phytoplasma; apple) perbanyakan America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Acholeplasmatales, Cydonia oblonga (quince), vegetative, bibit, Brazil Acholeplasmatacea; apple Malus baccata (siberian akar, tanaman Asia:India rubbery wood; quince chlorotic crab apple), Prunus avium hasil Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, blotch; pear rubbery wood (sweet cherry), Prunus mikropropagasi, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, disease cerasus (sour cherry), Pyrus batang Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, communis (European pear) Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy (Italy [mainland]), Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Yugoslavia Oceania: New Zealand, Australia 3. Candidatus Phytoplasma I Allium cepa (bawang buah, bunga, Africa: South Africa asteri;(=Aster yellows bombay, onion), daun, akar, America: Canada, Mexico, USA, phytoplasma group); Alstroemeria (Inca lily), batang, akar, Brazil, Peru
322 Acholeplasmatales; Anemone coronaria (Poppy batang, daun, Asia: China (Taiwan), India, Israel, Acholeplasmatacea; tomato big anemone), Apium bunga, buah Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, bud; western aster yellows; graveolens (seledri, celery), Thailand periwinkle little leaf; eastern Brassica napus var. napus Europe: Europe (as a whole), aster yellows; purple (rape), Brassica oleracea Belgium, Czech Republic, France, coneflower yellows; multiplier var. capitata (kubis, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, disease cabbage), Brassica Russia, Spain, UK, Poland, oleracea var. italica Finland (broccoli), Brassica rapa Oceania: Australia subsp. rapa (turnip), Callistephus chinensis (China aster), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Hydrangea macrophylla (French hydrangea), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia), Primula sp. (primrose), Ranunculus asiaticus (garden crowfoot), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Trifolium repens (white
323 clover), Zea mays (jagung, maize,corn) Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Celtis australis (European nettle wood), Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood), Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower), Eupatorium capillifolium (Dog fennel), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Lotus corniculatus (bird's- foot trefoil), Solanum lycopersicon (tomat,tomato), Morus bombycis (Japanese mulberry), Myrtus communis (myrtle), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Opuntia sp. (pricklypear), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Populus (poplars), Populus nigra (black poplar), Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
324 Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nectarine), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Santalum album (Indian sandalwood), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solidago (Goldenrod), Spiraea tomentosa (Hardhack), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane), Lepidium draba (hoary cress), Malva (mallow), Papaver rhoeas (common poppy), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Stellaria media (common chickweed) 4. Candidatus Phytoplasma mali; I Malus domesticum (apel, tunas, suluran Africa: South Africa Acholeplasmatales:Acholeplas apple), Prunussalicina (stolon), bagian Asia: Turkey, India matacea; Apple proliferation (Japanese plum), vegetatif lainnya Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia,
325 Vitis vinifera (anggur, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, grapevine), Catharanthus Vektor: Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, roseus, Corylus avellana, Hemiptera, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Cercopidae: Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Convolvulus arvensis Philaenus Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, (bindweed), Cynodon spumarius; Ukraine, Serbia, Bosnia and dactylon (Bermuda grass), Hemiptera, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Dahlia sp., Lilium sp., Aphrophoridae: Macedonia., Albania, Balkans, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus Aphrophora alni, Belgium, Bulgaria, Russia, UK, avium (sweet cherry), Lepyronia Finland Prunus domestica (plum) coleoptrata; Hemiptera, Psyllidae: Cacopsylla costalis, C. Mali, C. picta 5. Candidatus Phytoplasma I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, biji, bibit Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Palmae; (=Coconut lethal coconut), Elaeis guineensis Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, yellowing phytoplasma; (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Vektor: Tanzania, Togo coconut lethal yellowing and other Palmae (Arenga Hemiptera, America: Belize, Cayman Islands, mycoplasma-like organism); engleri, Borassus flabellifer, Cixiidae: Myndus Cuba, Dominica, Haiti, Honduras, Acholeplasmatales: Caryota mitis, Howea crudus; Jamaica, Mexico, USA, Bahamas, Acholeplasmatacea; Lethal forsteriana, Hyophorbe Cicadellidae, Guatemala, Saint Kitts and Nevis, yellowing of palm;Cape St Paul verschaffeltii, Phoenix Fulgoridae Guyana disease;Cape Three Point canariensis, P. dactylifera, Asia: India disease; Keincope; Kribi P. reclinata, P. sylvestris, Eropa: Netherland Chrysalidocarpus cabadae, Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Corypha utan, Australia Dictyosperma album, Latania spp., Livistona chinensis, L. rotundifolia, Trachycarpus fortunei,
326 Veitchia macandielsii, Veitchia merrillii, Panandus utilis 6. Grapevine flavescence doree I Vitis vinifera (anggur, tunas, suluran America: USA, Uruguay phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale grapevine) (stolon), bagian Europe: Croatia, France, Corsica, s:Acholeplasmataceae; Chrysanthemum spp., Xleia vegetatif lainnya Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, faba, Vince rosea. Serbia, Switzerland and Vektor: Montenegro, Belgium, Netherland, Hemiptera, Portugal Cicadellidae: Scaphoideus titanus 7. Potato witches broom I Dicentra spectabilis akar, batang, America: Canada dan USA phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale (bleeding heart), Medicago daun, bunga, Asia: Taiwan, India dan Japan, : Acholeplasmatacea; yellows- sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana buah Iran, China type disease; witches’ broom tabacum (tembakau, Europe: Poland, Ukraine, Former phytiplasma tobacco), Solanum USSR tuberosum (kentang, Oceania: Tonga potato), Trifolium hybridum (Alsike clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover) S:Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Salix (willows) 8. Strawberry lethal decline I Fragaria sp.(strawberry), daun, batang, America: Canada, USA phytoplasma(SLD); Fragaria ananassa akar, bibit Acholeplasmatales: (strawberry), Fragaria tanaman, bunga. Acholeplasmataceae;northwest chiloensis (Chilean disease strawberry), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry)
327
9. Sugarcane Grassy Stunt I Saccharum officinarum stek, mata tunas, Africa: Sudan Disease (tebu, sugarcane), batang Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, (SCGSD);Acholeplasmatales: Saccharum spontaneum Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Acholeplasmataceae;grassy (wild sugarcane) Vektor: Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, shoot disease;sugarcane Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Hemiptera, Thailand grassy;stunt sorghum), Pennisetum Aphididae: phytoplasma;grassy purpureum, Brachiaria Melanaphis shoot;gassy stunt mutica, Cynodon dactylon, sacchari f.sp phytoplasma; Sugarcane Imperata arundinacea indosacchari grassy shoot; white phytoplasmas 10. Sugarcane Ramu Stunt Disease I Saccharum officinarum stek, mata tunas, Oceania: Papua New Guinea: Phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale (tebu, sugarcane) batang, bibit s: Acholeplasmataceae; ramu Poaceae (grasses), stunt Saccharum robustum, Vektor: Saccharum spontaneum Hemiptera, (wild sugarcane), Delphacidae: Saccharum sp. Eumetopina flavipes 11. Sugarcane White Phytoplasma I Saccharum officinarum stek, tunas, akar, Africa: Sudan (SCWLD); (tebu, sugarcane). batang, daun, Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, Acholeplasmatales: Saccharum spontaneum, bunga Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Acholeplasmataceae; Cynodon dactylon, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, whitedisease;India albino Brachiaria subquadripara, Vektor: China Dactyloctenium egyptium, Hemiptera, Chloris barbata, Sporobolus Cicadellidae: fertilis, Saccharum edule, Matsumuratettix Saccharum robustum hiroglyphicus, Yamatotettix flavovittatus
328
VIII. VIRUS (VIRUSES) MEDIA NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ GOLONGAN/ INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY 1. African cassava mosaic I Manihot esculenta (ubi tanaman, batang, Africa:Angola, Benin, Burkina begomovirus (ACMV);(= African kayu, cassava), Ricinus umbi akar, tunas, Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape cassava mosaic virus, Cassava spp. suluran (stolon) Verde, Central African Republic, latent virus, Cassava latent Hewittia sublobata, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic geminivirus, Cassava mosaic Laportea (=Fluerya) republic of the, Cote d'Ivoire, virus, Cassava African mosaic aestuans, Manihot Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, begomovirus, Indian cassava glaziovii, Jatropha sp. Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea- mosaic disease) Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: India, Sri Lanka 2. Agropyron mosaic I Bromus secalinus, tanaman, daun America: Canada, USA rymovirus(AgMV);(=Agropyron Elymus repens Europe: Finland mosaic virus, Agropyron green (quackgrass), Elytrigia Vektor: mosaic virus, Agropyron yellow intermedia, Elytrigia Prostigmata, mosaic virus, Agropyron streak repens, Hordeum vulgare, Eriophyidae: mosaic virus, Couch grass Lolium multiflorum, Abacarus hystrix streak mosaic virus, Wheat Lophopyrum elongatum, virus 2, Marmor agropyri, Poa pratensis, Secale Agropyron mosaic PV75 severe cereal, Setaria viridis, isolate, Agropyron mosaic Triticum aestivum PV101 isolate, Agropyron (wheat), Triticum turgidum
329 mosaic mild isolate) (durum wheat), Triticum durum
3. Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus I Medicago sativa, Solanum akar, batang, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, (AMV);(= Alfalfa virus 1 & 2, lycopersicum (tomat, daun, bunga, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Lucerne mosaic virus, Marmor tomato), Nicotiana buah, biji Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, medicaginis, Potato calico tabacum (tembakau, Zambia virus) tobacco), Solanum Vektor: America: Argentina, Brazil, tuberosum (kentang, Hemiptera, Panama, Canada, Chile, Colombia, potato), Cucurbitaceae, Aphididae: Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Apium graveolens var. Acyrthosiphon Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, rapaceum, Apium pisum, Myzus Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, graveolens (seladeri, persicae South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, celery), Cicer arietinum, Lebanon, Myanmar, Nepal, Capsicum annuum (cabai, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, hot pepper, chili, red Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, pepper), Glycine max Yemen (kedelai, soybean), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Lactuca sativa, Vigna Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, unguiculata (kacang Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, tunggak, cowpea), Vigna France, Germany, Greece, radiata, Trifolium Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, incarnatum, Trifolium Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, pratense, Trifolium Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, repens, Viburnum opulus Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Pisum sativum, Cajanus Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and cajan (kacang gude), Herzegovina, Montenegro, Cercis siliquastrum, Macedonia Coriandum sativum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (tumbar, coriander), Cyphomandra betacea,
330 Eutrema wasabi, Euonymus japonicus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Lavandula latifolia, Pelargonium, Vigna angularis, Solanum melongena, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vinca minor, Vitis vinifera 4. Andean potato latent tymovirus I Solanum tuberosum umbi, tanaman America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, (APLV);(= Eggplant mosaic (kentang, potato), Ullucus Colombia, Ecuador, Peru tymovirus, Andean potato tuberosus (ulluco) Vektor: latent str., Eggplant mosaic Coleoptera: virus (Andean potato latent Chrysomelidae: str.), Potato (Andean) latent Epitrix sp. virus, Potato Andean latent tymovirus, Potato Andean latent virus) 5. Andean potato mottle I Capsicum annuum (cabai, umbi, tanaman America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, comovirus (APMoV);(= Potato hot pepper, chili, red Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Andean mottle comovirus, pepper), Solanum Nicaragua, Peru Potato Andean mottle virus) tuberosum (kentang, potato) Gomphrena globosa, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Physalis peruviana, Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco)
331 6. Apple chlorotic leaf spot I Cydonia oblonga (quince), tunas daun, Africa: South Africa, Tunisia trichovirus (ACLSV); Malus (ornamental batang, tanaman. America: Canada, USA, Argentina, (=Apple chlorotic leaf spot species apple), Malus Brazil, Uruguay virus; Bark split virus; Plum domestica (apple), Malus Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, bark split virus; Peach green platycarpa, Prunus Israel, Japan, Jordan, mottle virus; Pear ring pattern armeniaca (apricot), Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of mosaic virus; Quince stunt Prunus avium (sweet (South Korea), Lebanon, Syria, virus; Apple latent virus type 1; cherry), Prunus cerasifera Turkey Apple latent 1 virus; Plum (myrobalan plum), Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, pseudopox virus; Pear ring Prunus cerasus (sour Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech mosaic virus) cherry), Prunus domestica Republic, Denmark, Finland, (plum), Prunus persica France, Germany, Greece, (peach), Prunus salicina Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, (Japanese plum), Prunus Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, spinosa (blackthorn), Poland, Portugal, Romania, Prunus tomentosa Russia, Central Russia, Serbia (Nanking cherry tree), and Montenegro, Slovakia, Pyrus communis Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, (European pear), Pyrus Switzerland, Ukraine, UK pyrifolia (Oriental pear Oceania: Australia, New Zealand tree) Amelanchier canadensis (thicket serviceberry), Chaenomeles (flowering quinces), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Crataegus rhipidophylla (Midland hawthorn), Mespilus germanica (medlar), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash)
332 7. Apple fruit crinkle viroid I (P) Malus domesticum tanaman America: USA (AFCVd);(= Apple green crinkle (apel, apple) disease, Apple green crinkle, Apple fruit crinkle apscaviroid 8. Apple mosaic ilarvirus I Betula, Corylus avellana, buah, bunga, Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Maroco, (ApMV);(= Apple mosaic Fragaria, Humulus akar, batang South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe ilarvirus, European plumline lupulus, Malus America: Argentina, Brazil, pattern virus, Mountain ash domesticum (apel, apple), Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, variegation virus, Birch line Prunus, Prunus Uruguay pattern virus, Birch ringspot americana (aprikot, Asia: Azerbaijan, China, virus, Dutch plum line pattern apricot), Prunus avium, Bangladesh, India, Japan, Jordan, virus, Hop A virus, Horse Prunus dulcis (almon, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey chestnut yellow mosaic virus, almond), Ribes rubrum, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Rose mosaic virus, Hop virus A, Rubus spp. (raspberry, and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Hop virus C, Mild apple mosaic blackberry, black Belarus, Czech, Slovakia, virus, Severe apple mosaic raspberry) Denmark, Finland, France, virus) Prunus domesticum Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, (plam, plum), Prunus Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, persica (persik, peach), Poland, Portugal, Romania, Mawar (Rosa sp), Russia, Spain, Sweden, Cucumber, Vigna Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, sinensis, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 9. Apple stem grooving I Citrus, Lilium, Malus tanaman Africa: South Africa, Swaziland capillovirus (ASGV);(= Apple pumila, Malus sylvestris, America: Brazil, Canada, Antilles topworking disease, Citrange Malus toringo, Prunus Netherlands, USA, stunt virus, Citrus tatter leaf mume, Prunus armeniaca, Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Israel, virus, Crab apple decline, Pyrus communis, Pyrus Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Apple latent virus type 2, pyrifolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam Brown line virus disease, Aronia melanocarpa, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cheno-podium dark green epi- Cotoneaster bullatus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark,
333 nasty virus, Apple dark green Cydonia oblonga, Prunus Georgia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia epinasty virus, Apple E36 avium, Pyronia veitchii, and Herzegovina, Montenegro, virus, Crab stem grooving Sorbus aucuparia, Malus Macedonia, France, Germany, virus, Apple brown line virus) sp, Malus micromalus Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 10. Apple stem pitting foveavirus I Malus pumila, Pyrus tanaman Africa: South Africa (ASPV);(= Apple Spy 227 communis America: Brazil, Canada, USA epinasty & decline, Pear stony Crataegus monogyna, Asia: China, Japan, South Korea pit, Quince sooty ringspot, Pear Cydonia oblonga, Malus Europe: Austria, Belgium, vein yellows, Pear red mottle) sylvestris, Malus toringo, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Pyronia veitchii, Sorbus Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, discolor. Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 11. Apricot ring-pox like disease I Prunus armeniaca buah, daun, akar, America: Canada dan USA (Apricot), Prunus avium batang (Sweet Cherry), Prunus salicina (Javanese plum), Prunus virginiana (Common Chokecherry tree)
334 12. Arabis mosaic nepovirus I Anagallis arvensis, Apium tanaman, biji Africa: South Africa (ArMV);(= Arabis mosaic virus, graveolens var. dulce, America: Canada, Ash ring and line pattern virus, Armoracia rusticana, Vektor: Asia: Japan, Kazakstan, Turkey Hop nettlehead virus, Asparagus officinalis Dorylaimida, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Raspberry yellow dwarf virus, (asparagus, asparagus), Longidoridae:Xiph Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Rhubarb mosaic virus, Astilbe sp., Bellis inema Denmark, Finland, France, Forsythia yellow net virus, perennis, Beta vulgaris diversicaudatum, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jasmine yellow blotch virus, (bit), Buxus sempervirens, X. madierense, X. Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, coxi Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, rhubarb mosaic virus) Carum segetum, Poland, Romania, Russia, Chamaecyparis Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, lawsoniana, Cucumis Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Cyphomandra betacea, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Daphne mezereum, Macedonia Daucus carota, Dianthus Oceania: Australia, Caroline caryophyllus, Forsythia Islands, New Zealand intermedia, Fragaria vesca, Fraxinus excelsior, Humulus lupulus, Jasminum officinale, Lactuca sativa, Lamium amplexicaule, Ligustrum vulgare, Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Narsisus sp., Phaseolus coccineus, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare, P. persicaria, Prunus avium, P.domestica, P.persica, Ranunculus repens,
335 Rheum rhaponticum, Rheum hybridum, Ribessp., Rosa spp., Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, Sambucus nigra, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Tulipa spp., Urtica dioica, U. urens, Vitis vinifera, Trifolium repens, Vitis vinifera. Alstroemeria, Fragaria, Fraxinus, Hordeum vulgare, Narsisus, Ribes nigrum, Rubus 13. Arracacha virus B (AVB);(= I Arracacia xanthorrhiza, umbi, daun, America: Bolivia, Peru. Arracacha B 'nepovirus', Oxalis tuberosa (oca), suluran (stolon), Arracacha B nepovirus (oca Solanum tuberosum biji strain) Arracacha virus B (oca (kentang, potato) strain) Brassica campestris ssp.rapa, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Capsicum annuum, Hyoscyamus niger 14. Artichoke Italian latent I Cynara scolymus daun, suluran Europe: Bulgaria, Greece, Italy nepovirus (AILV);(=Artichoke Cichorium intybus, (stolon), batang Italian latent virus) Gladiolus hybrids, Vektor: Pelargonium zonale Dorylaimida,
336 hybrids, Vitis vinifera Longidoridae: (anggur, grapevine) Longidorus apulus
15. Asparagus 2 ilarvirus (AV- I (P) Asparagus officinalis pollen, biji, America: Canada, Mexico, USA 2);(=Asparagus virus 2, (asparagus, asparagus) suluran (stolon) Europe: Denmark, Germany, Italy, Asparagus ilarvirus 2, UK, Japan Asparagus virus C, Asparagus Vektor: latent virus) Dorylaimida, Longidoridae: Longidorus apulus 16. Avocado sunblotch avsunviroid I Persea americana kulit, buah, Africa: South Africa (ASBVd);(= Avocado sunblotch (alpokat, avocado) bunga, daun, America: Peru, USA, Venezuela, viroid, Sunblotch viroid Cinnamomum camphora, suluran (stolon), Europe: Spain, Israel (avocado)) Cinnamomum batang, biji Oceania: Australia zeylanicum, Ocelea bullata, 17. Banana bract mosaic potyvirus I Musa paradisiaca tanaman, bibit America: Ecuador (BBrMV);(= Banana bract Asia: India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, mosaic virus) Thailand, Vietnam Oceania: Samoa 18. Barley stripe mosaic I Hordeum vulgare (barli, polen, biji, Africa: Egypt, South Africa, hordeivirus (BSMV);(= Barley barley), Triticum aestivum tanaman Tunisia stripe mosaic virus, Barley (gandum, wheat) America: Argentina, Brazil, false stripe virus, Barley Poaceae, Secale cereale Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA mosaic virus, Oat stripe mosaic (rye), Zea mays (jagung, Asia: China, Israel, Japan, Jordan, virus, Barley mild stripe virus, corn), Oryza sativa (padi, South Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Barley yellow stripe (possibly)) paddy), Sorghum bicolor Syria, Turkey (sorgum, sorghum), Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Panicum spp. (millet) Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
337 Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceonia: Australia, New Zealand 19. Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus I Avena sativa (oats), tanaman, akar, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, (BYDV);(=Barley yellow dwarf Hordeum vulgare (barley), batang, daun, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, virus; Maize leaf fleck virus; Lolium multiflorum bunga Mozambique, South Africa: Wheat cereal yellow dwarf (Italian ryegrass), Lolium Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe.. virus; perenne (perennial Vektor: America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Rice giallume virus; Hordeum ryegrass), Oryza sativa Hemiptera, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, virus nanescens; Red leaf (rice), Poaceae (grasses), Aphididae:Aulocor Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, disease of barley) Secale cereale (rye), thum Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Triticum aestivum circumflexum (= Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French (wheat), Triticum Amphorophora Guiana turgidum (durum wheat), circumflexa, Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Zea mays (corn) Macrosiphum Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Agrostis stolonifera circumflexa, Pakistan, Syria, Thailand, Turkey. (creeping bentgrass), Myzus Europe: Belgium, Czech, Slovakia, Arrhenatherum elatius circumflexus, Denmark, Finland, Former, (false oatgrass), Bromus Aulacorthum Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia (bromegrasses), Bromus circumflexum, and Herzegovina, Montenegro, catharticus (prairiegrass), Siphonophora Macedonia, France, Germany, Elymus repens circumflexa); Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, (quackgrass), Eragrostis Ceruraphis Netherlands, Norway, Poland, curvula (weeping eriophori; Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, lovegrass), Festuca Metopolophium Switzerland, Ukraine, UK. (fescues), Leersia dirhodum(=Acyrth Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. oryzoides (Rice cutgrass), osiphon Miscanthus sinensis dirhodum,); (Eulalia), Pennisetum Myzus persicae; clandestinum (kikuyu Rhopalosiphum grass), Phleum pratense insertum
338 (timothy), Phragmites (=Rhopalosiphum (reed), Saccharum annuae, officinarum (sugarcane), Rhopalosiphum Setaria italica (foxtail fitchii); millet), Sorghum bicolor Rhopalosiphum (sorghum), Trifolium maidis(=Aphis repens (white clover) maydis); Rhopalosiphum padi (=Anuraphis padi, Rhopalosiphum prunifoliae); Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis; Schizaphis graminum(=Toxop tera graminum); Sipha agropyrella; Macrosiphum avenae (=Macrosiphum granarium, Sitobion avenae); Macrosiphum fragariae (=Sitobion fragariae); 20. Bean golden mosaic I Vigna unguiculata tanaman Africa: Nigeria begomovirus (BGMV)(=Bean (kacang tunggak, America: Argentina, Colombia, golden mosaic geminivirus, cowpea), Phaseolus sp., Vektor: Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Bean golden mosaic virus (type Phaseolus lathyroides, Hemiptera: Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, 1) Brazil, Bean golden yellow Phaseolus acutifolius, Aleyrodidae: Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, mosaic virus (type 2), Glycine max (kedelai, Bemisia Venezuela
339 Caribbean mosaico dorado, soybean) argentifolii, B. Bean calico mosaic Cajanus cajan (kacang tabaci begomovirus (possible strain)) gude), Calopogonium mucunoides, Pachyrhizus erosus, Vigna angularis, Phaseolus coccineus, Vigna mungo, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco)
21. Bean pod mottle comovirus I Glycine max (kedelai, biji, tanaman America: Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, (BPMV);(=Bean Pod mottle soybean), Fabaceae lain Peru, USA virus, Desmodium virus) Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Cerotoma trifurcate, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata, Colaspis flavida, C. lata), Coleoptera, Coccinelidae: Epilachna varivestis, E. vittata 22. Beet curly top curtovirus I Beta vulgaris (bit gula, daun Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt (BCTV);(= Beet curly top virus, sugar beet), Capsicum America: Argentina, Bolivia, Beet curly top geminivirus, annuum (cabai, hot Vektor: Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA, Beet curly top pepper, chilies, red Hemiptera, Uruguay
340 hybrigeminivirus, Sugarbeet pepper), Vigna Cicadellidae: Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, curly top virus,Tomato yellow unguiculata (kacang Neoaliturus South Korea, Turkey virus, Sugar beet curly-leaf tunggak, cowpea), tenellus, N. Europe: Cyprus, Italy virus, Sugarbeet virus 1, Cucurbitaceae, Beta opacipennis Tomato yellows virus, Western vulgaris (bit, beetroot), yellow blight virus, Potato Cucumis sativus green dwarf virus) (mentimun, cucumber), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean). Linum usitatissimum (flax), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) 23. Beet leaf curl rhabdovirus I Beta spp. daun, akar, Europe:Germany, Poland, Turkey (BLCV);(= Beet leaf curl virus, Atriplex, Spinacia, batang, tanaman Beta virus 3, RubenkrSusel- Tetragonia tetragonioides Virus, Rübenkräusel sugar beet Vektor: leaf crinkle virus, Sugar beet Hemiptera, leaf curl rhabdo virus, Sugar Piesmidae: beet virus 3, Beet leaf crinkle Piesma virus, Sugar beet leaf curl quadratum virus) 24. Broad bean wilt fabavirus I Apium graveolens (celery), polong biji, akar, Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, (BBWV);(=Broad bean wilt Beta vulgaris var. batang, daun, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, virus, Nasturtium ringspot saccharifera (sugarbeet), bunga, buah. Tunisia, virus, Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot Brassica napus var. America: USA, Argentina virus, Tropaeolum ringspot napus (rape), Brassica Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, virus, Nasturtium white spot rapa subsp. chinensis India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, virus, Patchouli mild mottle (Chinese cabbage), North Korea, South Korea,
341 virus, Petunia ringspot virus, Capsicum annuum (bell Philippines, Singapore, Syria, Pea streak virus, Patchouli mild pepper), Capsicum Turkey, mosaic virus) frutescens (chilli), Cynara Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, cardunculus L. var. Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, scolymus (globe Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, artichoke), Daucus carota Bosnia, France, Germany, Greece, (carrot), Glycine max Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, (soyabean), Lactuca Spain, United Kingdom, sativa (lettuce), Oceania: Australia Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Cicer arietinum (chickpea) 25. Brome mosaic bromovirus I Bromus inermis (Awnless tanaman Africa: South Africa, (BMV);(=Brome mosaic virus, brome) America: North America Weidel gras mosaik virus, Avena sativa (oats), Europe: Hungary, Russian
342 Ryegrass streak virus, Trespen Bromus (bromegrasses), Federation, Sweden, gras mosaik virus, Marmor Chenopodium quinoa Oceania: Australia graminis) (quinoa), Commelina communis (common dayflower), Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Oryza sativa (rice), Poaceae (grasses), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Zea mays (corn) 26. Cacao yellow mosaic tymovirus I Theobroma cacao (kakao, akar, batang, Africa: Sierra Leone (CYMV);(=Cacao yellow mosaic cocoa) daun, bunga, virus) Cola nitida, Culcasia buah scandens 27. Carnation necrotic fleck I Dianthus caryophyllus bunga, akar, America: Colombia, USA, closterovirus (CNFV);(= Dianthus barbatus, daun, batang Venezuela Carnation necrotic fleck virus, D.chinensis, Saponaria Asia: Israel, Japan Carnation streak virus, vaccaria, Silene armeria Vektor: Europe: Belgium, Czech, Slovakia, Carnation yellow fleck virus) Hemiptera, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Aphididae: Myzus and Herzegovina, Montenegro, persicae Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 28. Cassava brown streak virus I Manihot esculenta (ubi tunas, tanaman Africa: Angola, Guinea Ekuator, (CBSaV);(= Cassava brown kayu, cassava) Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, streak carlavirus, Cassava Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda, brown streak potyvirus, Zimbabwe Cassava brown streak- associated (?) carlavirus)
343 29. Cereal yellow dwarf I Avena sativa (oats), tanaman, akar, Africa: Egypt, South Africa, polerovirus-RPV Hordeum vulgare (barley), batang, daun, America: Canada, Ecuador, (CYDRV);(=Cereal yellow dwarf Secale cereale (rye), bunga Mexico, USA virus) Triticum aestivum Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, (wheat), Triticum Jordan, Pakistan turgidum (durum wheat) Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 30. Cherry leafroll nepovirus I Betula (birches), Betula biji, daun, America: Canada, USA, Chile (CLRV);(= Cherry leafroll virus, pendula (common silver tanaman. Asia: China, Turkey Golden elderberry virus) birch), Cornus (Flowering Europe: Albania, Belgium, dogwood), Fagus Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, sylvatica (common Finland, France, Germany, beech), Fraxinus excelsior Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, (ash), Juglans (walnuts), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Juglans regia (walnut), Romania, Russia, Serbia and Ligustrum (privet), Prunus Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, avium (sweet cherry), Spain, Switzerland, UK, Scotland Ptelea trifoliata (Hoptree), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Rubus procerus, Sambucus canadensis (American elder), Sambucus racemosa (red- berried elder), Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Ulmus (elms), Ulmus americana (American elm)
344 Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Rubus idaeus (raspberry) (Wild hosts): Plantago (Plantain), Rumex (Dock) 31. Cherry rasp leaf nepovirus I Prunus avium, Prunus tanaman America: Canada, USA (CRLV);(= Apple flat apple cerasus, Prunus persica, virus, Cherry rasp leaf virus, Prunus mahaleb, Malus Flat apple virus) domesticum (apel, apple) Rubus spp. (raspberry) 32. Citrus impietratura virus;(= I Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) akar, batang, Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Citrus impietratura disease) daun, bunga, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe buah America: Venezuela Asia: India, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain 33. Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus I Citrus aurantifolia, C. tunas, biji America: USA (CiLRV);(= Citrus leaf rugose limon, C. paradisi Europe: Turkey ilarvirus, Citrusvariegation Vigna unguiculata Oceania: Australia virus, Citrus crinkly leaf (kacang tunggak, ilarvirusm,Citrusvariegation cowpea) ilarvirus) 34. Clover yellow vein potyvirus I Lathyrus odoratus (sweet umbi (bulbs/ America: Canada, USA, Colombia, (ClYVV);(=Clover yellow vein pea), Phaseolus vulgaris tubers/ Asia: Japan, South Korea, Yemen, virus, Pea necrosis virus, Bean (common bean), Trifolium corms/rhizomes), Europe: Czech, Slovakia, France, yellow mosaic virus-S (severe hybridum (Alsike clover), daun, bibit, Germany, Hungary, Italy, strain), Bean yellow mosaic Trifolium repens (white batang Netherlands, Poland, Spain, virus-N (necrotic strain) clover), Trifolium Sweden, United Kingdom
345 Statice virus Y) vesiculosum (Arrowleaf Oceania: Australia, New Zealand clover) Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover), Borago officinalis (Borage), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Gentiana (gentians), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Impatiens walleriana (Busy-lizzy), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), Medicago lupulina (black medick), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus officinalis (Field melilot), Pisum sativum (pea), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover), Vicia faba (broad bean), Viola odorata (English
346 violet), Daucus carota (carrot), Iris (irises), Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Plantago major (broad- leaved plantain), Veronica persica (creeping speedwell) 35. Cocoa swollen shoot I Theobroma cacao (kakao, akar, batang, Africa:Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, badnavirus (CSSV); (=Cocoa cocoa) daun, bunga, Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest swollen shoot virus(CoNV), Ceiba pentandra (kapuk buah Africa Cocoa necrosis nepovirus, randu, kapok) America: Colombia, Venezuela Cocoa red mottle virus, Cocoa Vektor:Hemiptera Asia: Sri Lanka vein clearing virus, Cacao virus , Pseudococcidae: I, Theobroma virus I) Delococcus tafoensis, Ferrisia virgata, Paraputo anomalus, Phenacoccus hargreavesi, Planococcoides njalensis, Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus concavocerrari, Pseudococcus longis Dorylaimida: Longidoridae Longidorus spp. 36. Coconut cadang-cadang I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, biji, buah, Asia: Philippines, Malaysia cocadviroid (CCCVd);(=Coconut coconut), Elaeis tanaman Oceania: Solomon Islands Island cadang-cadang viroid, Palm guineensis (kelapa sawit,
347 cadang-cadang viroid) oilpalm), Arenga pinnata, Vektor:Prostigmat Borassus flabelifer a, Tenuipalpidae: (lontar, palmyra palm), Brevipalpus Chloris, Phoenix phoenicis dactylifera Corypha elata, Livistona rotundifolia, Arecaceae, Panandaceae, Zingiberaceae, Marantaceae (Maranta sp.), Commelinaceae 37. Coconut tinangaja cocadviroid I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, biji, buah, Oceania: Guam (CTiVd);(=Coconut tinangaja coconut) tanaman viroid) 38. Coffee blister spot I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) biji, buah, America:, Costa Rica virus;(=Coffee blister spot tanaman agent) 39. Coffee ringspot rhabdovirus I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) biji, tanaman America: Brazil, Costa Rica (CoRSV);(= Coffee ringspot Asia: Philippines virus, Coffee ringspot nucleorhabdovirus) 40. Cotton anthocyanosis I Gossypium barbadens tunas, tanaman America: Brazil virus(CAV);(=Cotton (kapas, Gallinicotton), Asia: India, Pakistan anthocyanosis (?) luteovirus; Gossypium hirsutum Vektor: Cotton small leaf virus) (kapas, Bourbon cotton) Hemiptera, Abelmoschus esculentus, Aphididae: Aphis Hibiscus cannabinus, gossypii Sida rhombifolia, S. micrantha 41. Cotton leaf curl begomovirus I Gossypium barbadens tanaman Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, (CLCuV);(= Cotton leaf curl (kapas, cotton), Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad,
348 geminivirus, Cotton leaf Abelmoschus esculentus, Vektor: Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ghana, Niger, crumple begomovirus) Hibiscus cannabinus, Hemiptera, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo Phaseolus vulgaris Aleyrodidae: America: Mexico, USA, Guatemala (buncis, common bean), Bemisia tabaci Asia: India, Pakistan, Philippines Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) Abelmoschus esculentus, Althea rosae, Corchorus fasicularis, Castanospermum australe, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Hibiscus cannabius, H. escu lentus, H. sabdarifa, Malvaviscus arboreus, Malva parviflora, Phaseolus acutifolius, Vigna angularis, Sida alba 42. Cotton leaf mottle I Gossypium barbadens akar, batang, Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central disease;(=Cotton mosaic agent) (kapas, cotton), daun, bunga, Africa, Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gossypium hirsutum buah Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo Vektor: Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae: Bemisia tabaci 43. Cowpea chlorotic mottle I Vigna unguiculata tanaman Africa: Nigeria bromovirus (CCMV);(= Bean (kacang tunggak, America: Costa Rica, Cuba, USA yellow stipple virus, Cowpea cowpea), Glycine max Vektor: Asia: India chlorotic mottle virus, Virus del (kedelai, soybean) Coleoptera, moteado amarillo, Marmor Arachys hypogaea Chrysomelidae:
349 flavopunctum) (kacang tanah, peanut), Ceratoma Nicotiana tabacum ruficornis, (tembakau, tobacco), C.trifurcata, Beta vulgaris(bit), Diabrotica Cajanus cajan(kacang balteata, D. gude), Cassia undecimpunctata, occidentalis, C.tora 44. Cucumber green mottle mosaic I Cucumis sativus biji, akar, America: Brazil tobamovirus (CGMMV);(= (mentimun, cucumber), tanaman, tanah, Asia: Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Bottlegourd indian mosaic Citrullus vulgaris air, pupuk, media Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, virus, Cucumber green mottle (semangka, watermelon), tanam Saudi Arabia mosaic virus, Cucumber green Cucumis melo (melon, Europe: Austria, Czech, Slovakia, mottle mosaic watermelon melon), Lagenaria Vektor:Coleoptera Denmark, Finland, Serbia, strain (W), Cucumber virus 2, siceraria, Momordica : Chrysomelidae: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Cucumber virus 3, Cucumber charantia Raphidopalpa Herzegovina, Montenegro, virus 4, Cucumis virus 2, Prunus Americana fevicollis; Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Tobacco mosaic virus (apricot) Solanales, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, watermelon strain-W) Convolvulaceae: Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Cuscuta spp. Ukraine, UK, Georgia,
45. Dasheen mosaic potyvirus I Aglaonema, Alocasia, daun, tanaman Africa: Africa, Cameroon, Egypt, (DsMV);(=Dasheen mosaic Amorphophallus, Nigeria, South Africa, virus) Anthurium, Araceae, America: Costa Rica, Cuba, Caladium, Colocasia, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Colocasia esculenta (taro), Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad Dieffenbachia and Tobago, USA, Brazil, (dumbcanes), Venezuela Philodendron, Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan Spathiphyllum, Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Xanthosoma (cocoyam), Netherlands, United Kingdom, Zantedeschia (calla-lilies) Oceania: American Samoa, Cyrtosperma merkusii Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji,
350 (giant swamp taro) French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu 46. Dendrobium vein necrosis (?) I Orchidaceae tanaman, Europe: Germany closterovirus (DVNV) 47. Grapevine Bulgarian latent I Vitis spp. (anggur, batang Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, nepovirus (GBLV);(=Grapevine grapevine). tanaman, biji Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Bulgarian latent virus, Virus and Herzegovina, Montenegro, CM112) Macedonia, Portugal 48. Grapevine chrome mosaic I Vitis vinifera (anggur, kulit, batang, Europe: Austria, Croatia, Czech, nepovirus (GCMV);(= grapevine) daun, tunas, Slovakia, Hungary Grapevine chrome mosaic Apium graveolens akar, biji virus, Grapevine Hungarian chrome mosaic virus) 49. Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus I Vitis vinifera (anggur, tunas, suluran Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Madagascar, (GFLV);(= Grapevine fan leaf grapevine) (stolon), Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, virus, Grapevine veinbanding Cucumis sativus, tanaman, biji Tunisia virus, Grapevine yellow mosaic Phaseolus vulgaris America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, virus, Grapevine arricciamento (buncis, common bean), Vektor: Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, virus, Grape vine infectious Vigna unguiculata Dorylaimida, Venezuela degeneration virus, Grapevine (kacang tunggak, cowpea) Longidoridae: Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Japan, roncet virus, Grapevine Xiphinema index, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, urticado virus) X. Italye Philippines, Syria, Turkey, Europe: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain: Canary
351 Island, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Armenia, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 50. Grapevine fleck maculavirus I Vitis vinifera (anggur, batang, tanaman Africa: South Africa (GFkV);(= Grapevine fleck grapevine) America: Brazil, USA virus, Grapevine marbrure Asia: Jordan, Syria virus, Grapevine phloem- Europe: Albania, France, Italy, limited isometric virus)
51. Grapevine leafroll-associated I Vitis vinifera (anggur, kulit, akar, Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, closterovirus (GLRaV);(= grapevine) batang, daun, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, Grapevine leafroll-associated kutur jaringan USA virus, Grapevine B virus, Asia: China, Taiwan, Gaza, Israel, Grapevine leafroll disease, Vektor: Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Grapevine C virus) Hemiptera, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, Pseudococcidae: Europe: Albania, Austria, Pseudococcus Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, longis, P. Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, calceolariae, P. Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, maritimus, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, P.affinis, P. Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, viburni, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Planococcus ficus, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, P.citri, Heliococcus Ukraine, Armenia bohemicus, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Phenacoccus sp.; Hemiptera, Coccidae: Pulvinaria vitis, Parthenolecanium
352 corni, Neopulvinaria inummerabilis 52. Grapevine stem pitting I Vitis vinifera (anggur, tunas, suluran Africa: South Africa, Tunisia, associated closterovirus grapevine) (stolon), kulit, South Africa (GVA);(=Grapevine corky bark batang, daun, America: Brazil, Mexico, USA closterovirus, Grapevine tunas, akar. Asia: Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, batang pitting disease, Central East Grapevine stem pitting virus, Vektor: Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Grapevine virus A, Legno Riccio Hemiptera, Portugal (possibly), Rugose wood Pseudococcidae (possibly), Grapevine corky bark disease) 53. Grapevine vein necrosis agent I Vitis vinifera (anggur, tanaman, batang Europe: Hungary, Turkey (GVVN);(=Grapevine vein grapevine) necrosis virus, Grapevine vein necrosis disease) 54. Hop stunt viroid (HSVd);(= I Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) tanaman, batang America: Cuba, USA Citrus cachexia viroid, Citrus xyloporosis viroid, Citrus xyloporosis 'virus', Cucumber pale fruit viroid, Hop stunt hostuviroid) 55. Impatiens necrotic spot I Chrysanthemum sp. Daun, tanaman. America: Canada, Chile, Costa tospovirus (INSV);(= Impatiens (daisy), Impatiens sp. Rica, Mexico, USA necrotic spot virus) (balsam) Vektor: Asia: China, Iran, Japan Cichorium sp., Cyclamen Thysanoptera, Europe: Austria, Belgium, persicum, Gentiana sp., Thripidae: Bulgaria, Czechia, Finland, Isotoma axillaris, Frankliniella France, Germany, Guernsey, Kalanchoe sp, Ocimum occidentalis Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, basilicum, Phalaenopsis Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain,
353 hybrids, Rubus, Spinacia United Kingdom oleracea, Valerianella, Oceania: New Zealand Cardamine scutata, Cerastium glomeratum, Stellaria media, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Capsicum spp., Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) 56. Johnsongrass mosaic potyvirus I Pennisetum glaucum biji, akar, batang, America: Colombia, Venezuela (JGMV);(=Maize dwarf mosaic (pearl millet), Saccharum daun, bunga, Europe: Hungary virus - strain O, Johnsongrass officinarum (tebu, buah Oceania: Australia mosaic virus, Sugarcane sugarcane), Sorghum mosaic virus - Australian bicolor (sorghum), Johnson grass virus, Maize Sorghum halepense dwarf mosaic virus - Kansas I (Johnson grass), Urochloa strain) brizantha (palisadegrass), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 57. Lettuce mosaic virus I Cichorium intybus daun, tanaman. Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Malawi, (LMV);(=Lettuce mosaic (chicory), Lactuca sativa Mauritius, Morocco, Sierra Leone, potyvirus, Lettuce virus 1) (lettuce) South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Carthamus tinctorius Zambia, Zimbabwe. (safflower), Cicer America: Argentina, Brazil, arietinum (chickpea), Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Jamaica, Cichorium endivia Mexico, USA, Uruguay. (endives), Eustoma Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, grandiflorum (Lisianthus Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, (cut flower crop)), Pisum Malaysia, Syria, Taiwan, Yemen.
354 sativum (pea), Spinacia Europe: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, oleracea (spinach), Denmark, Finland, France, Sonchus (Sowthistle), Germany, Greece, Hungary, Stellaria media (common Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, chickweed, Sinapis Norway, Poland, Portugal, arvensis (wild mustard) Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 58. Little cherry virus 1 (LChV I Prunus avium (Cherry) kulit kayu, America: Canada, USA 1);(=Cherry little cherry Prunus cerasus, Prunus bunga, daun, Asia: Japan closteovirus, Cherry little cherry emarginata, Prunus akar, batang di Europe : Belgium, Czechia, virus, Little cherry closteovirus) incise, Prunus mahaleb, atas permukaan Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Prunus sargentii, Prunus tanah Romania, Switzerland, Turkey, serrula, Prunus serrulata, United Kingdom Prunus subhirtella, Oceania: New Zealand Prunus tomentosa, Prunus x sieboldii, Prunus x yedoensis, Prunus pensylvanica 59. Lucerne enation rhabdovirus I Alfalfa sp, Fabaceae, tanaman Africa: South Africa, Sudan (LEV);(=Alfalva enation virus, Medicago sativa, America: Argentina, Canada, Lucerne enation virus) Nicotiana tabacum, Colombia, Peru, USA Solanum lycopersicum, Asia: Iran, Japan Solanum tuberosum Europe : Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland Oceania: Australia
355 60. Maize chlorotic dwarf I Zea mays (jagung, corn) tanaman America: USA waikavirus (MCDV);(= Maize Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, chlorotic dwarf machlovirus, sorghum), Setaria spp. Vektor: Maize chlorotic dwarf MCDV Hemiptera, group, Maize chlorotic dwarf Cicadellidae: ribotungrovirus, Maize chlorotic Amblysellus grex, dwarf virus, Corn stunt agent) Dalbulus maidis, Endria inimica, Exitianus exitiosus, Graminella nigrifrons, Graminella sonora, Macrosteles severini, Planicephalus flavo costatus, Stirellus bicolor 61. Maize chlorotic mottle I Triticum aestivum biji, tanaman America: Argentina, Mexico, Peru, machlomovirus (MCMV);(= (gandum, wheat), Zea USA Maize chlorotic mottle virus, mays (jagung, corn), Vektor: Maize mottle virus, Peru corn Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Coleoptera, virus) sorghum) Chrysomelidae: Chaetocnema Bromus arvensis, pulicaria, Panicum vurgatum, Diabrotica spp., Setaria glauca, Zea Oulema diploperennis melanopus, Systena frontalis Thysanoptera, Thripidae:
356 Frankliniella williamsii
62. Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus I Sorghum halepense bibit, biji Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt, (MDMV);(=Sorghum red stripe (Johnson grass), Sorghum Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, virus; European maize mosaic bicolor (sorgum, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, South virus; Indian maize mosaic sorghum), Zea mays Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. virus; Maize dwarf mosaic (jagung, corn), Zea mays America: Argentina, Canada, virus, Maize stripe mosaic virus) subsp. mays (sweetcorn) Chile, Colombia, Haiti, Honduras, Avena sativa (oats), Mexico, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Panicum miliaceum Venezuela. (millet), Saccharum Asia: China (Taiwan), Georgia officinarum (tebu, (Republic), India (Uttar Pradesh), sugarcane) Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Russia (Russia (Europe)), Spain, Ukraine, 63. Maize mosaic I Zea mays (jagung, corn), tanaman Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, nucleorhabdovirus (MMV);(= Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Maize mosaic virus, Maize sorghum) Vektor: Réunion, Tanzania, Zimbabwe stripe Indian virus, Sorghum Axonopus, Hordeum Hemiptera, America: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, chlorosis virus, Zea mays virus) vulgare, Rottboellia cochin Delphacidae: Guyana France, Guadeloupe, chinensis, Sorghum Peregrinus maidis Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, halepense, Zea mexicana Suriname, USA, Venezuela
357 Asia: India, Yemen
64. Maize rayado fino marafivirus I Zea mays (jagung, corn) tanaman America: Argentina, Brazil, (MRFV);(=Maize rayado fino Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, virus) Vektor: Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Hemiptera, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, Cicadellidae:Dalb Uruguay, Venezuela ulus maidis, D.elimatus, Baldulus tripsaci, Graminella nigrifrons 65. Maize rough dwarf fijivirus I Zea mays (jagung, corn), tanaman America: Argentina (MRDV);(= Cereal tillering Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Asia: China, Iran, Israel, South disease fijivirus, Cereal tillering sorghum), Hordeum Vektor: Korea disease reovirus, Cereal vulgare (barli, barley), Hemiptera, Europe: Czech, Slovakia, France, tillering disease virus, Maize Lolium perenne (perennial Delphacidae: Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, rough dwarf virus) ryegrass), Zea mays Delphacodes Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia, subsp. mays (jagung propinqua, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, manis, sweetcorn) Dicranotropis Montenegro, Macedonia Triticum aestivum hamata, (gandum, wheat), Avena Laodelphax sativa (oat, oats ), striatellus, Cynodon dactylon Javasella (rumput bermuda, pellucida, bermuda grass), Digitaria Ribauto-delphax sanguinalis (large notabilis, crabgrass), Echinochloa Sogatella vibix crus-galli (barnyard grass)
358 66. Maize streak mastrevirus I Triticum aestivum tanaman Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, (MSV);(=Maize mottle virus, (gandum, wheat), Zea Burkina Faso, Burundi, Maize streak monogeminivirus, mays (jagung, corn), Vektor: Cameroon, Central Africa, Maize streak geminivirus, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Hemiptera, RD.Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Maize streak virus, sorghum), Poaceae Cicadellidae: Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Sereal African streak virus, Oat, Hordeum vulgare Cicadulina mbila, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Sugarcane streak virus) (barli, barley), Secale C.arachidis, C. Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, cereale (rye) bipunctella, C. Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, triangula, C. Rwanda, Réunion, Sao Tome & bimaculata, C. Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, similis, C.latens, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, C.ghaurii, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, C.parazeae. Zimbabwe Nesoclutha America: USA declivata Asia: India, Yemen, 67. Maize stripe tenuivirus I Zea mays (jagung, corn), tanaman Africa: Benin, Botswana, (MSpV);(= Maize chlorotic stripe Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Cameroon, RD.Congo, Egypt, virus, Maize stripe virus, sorghum) Vektor: Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Sorghum chlorosis virus) Avena sativa (oat, oats Hemiptera, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, ), Hordeum vulgare (barli, Delphacidae: Sao Tome & Principe, South barley), Oryza sativa Peregrinus maidis Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, (padi, paddy), Triticum Uganda, Zimbabwe aestivum (gandum, America: Argentina, Brazil, Costa wheat), Saccharum Rica, Guadeloupe, Peru, Puerto officinarum (tebu, Rico, USA, Venezuela sugarcane), Secale Asia: China, Taiwan, India, cereale (rye) Philippines Oceania: Australia 68. Maize white line mosaic virus I Zea mays (jagung, corn) tanaman America: USA (MWLMV);(= Maize dwarf Europe: France, Italy ringspot virus, Maize white line virus)
359 69. Orchid fleck rhabdovirus I Orchidaceae tanaman America: Brazil, USA (OFV);(=Dendrobium leaf Asia: Japan streak virus, Dendrobium virus, Europe: Germany Laelia red leafspot, Short Oceania: Australia, New Zealand orchid rhabdovirus, Orchid rhabdovirus, Orchid fleck virus, Phalaenopsis chlorotic spot virus, Phalaenopsis hybrid virus, Phalaenopsis virus) 70. Papaya mosaic potexvirus I Carica papaya (papaya, daun, bibit Africa: Tanzania (PapMV);(= Argentine plantago papaw) tanaman, akar, America: Dominica, Trinidad and potexvirus, Argentine plantago batang, daun, Tobago, USA, Brazil, Venezuela virus, Australian alternanthera bunga, buah Oceania: Guam potexvirus, Babaco yellow mosaic virus, Boussingaultia mosaic virus, Olive vein yellow virus, Papaya mild mosaic virus, Papaya mosaic virus, Pawpaw mild mosaic virus, Pawpaw mosaic virus, Portulaca virus, Salvia potexvirus, Trichosanthes virus, Ullucus potexvirus) 71. Papaya necrosis I Caricapapaya (papaya, tanaman America: USA virus;(=Papaya droopy necrosis papaw) virus (PDNV), Papaya apical necrosis virus (PANV)) 72. Passion fruit woodiness virus I Arachis hypogaea tanaman Africa: South Africa, (PWV);(=Passionfruit woodiness (peanut), Glycine max America: Martinique, Brazil, potyvirus) (soyabean), Passiflora Ceara, Goias, edulis (markisa, Asia: Japan, passionfruit), Passiflora Oceania: Australia, Queensland,
360 suberosa (Corky New Zealand, Samoa passionflower), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) 73. Pea enation mosaic 1 I Vicia faba biji, tanaman America: USA, Canada enamovirus (PEMV-1);(= Pea Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus Asia: China, Iran enation mosaic virus-1, Pea odoratus, Lens culinaris, Vektor: Europe: Austria, Czech, Slovakia, enation mosaic virus, Pea Medicago arabica, Pisum Hemiptera, Germany, UK enation mosaic virus 'group', sativum, Trifolium Aphididae: Pea virus 1) incarnatum, Vicia sativa Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae 74. Pea seed -borne mosaic virus I Lens culinaris ssp. daun, tanaman Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, (PSbMV);(=Pea leaf-roll virus, culinaris (lentil), Pisum Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia Pea seed-borne mosaic virus) sativum (green pea, pea) America: Brazil, Canada, Peru, Vicia faba (broad bean) USA Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria, Taiwan, Yemen Europe : Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 75. Pea streak carlavirus(PeSV); (= I Pisum sativum (kapri, tanaman America: Canada, USA Alfalfa latent virus, Pea streak sweet pea), Europe: widespread virus, Steinklee virus, Pea Leguminosae, Medicago streak virus) sativa, Cicer arietinum
361 76. Peach latent mosaic I Prunus persica (peach) buah, polong, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, pelamoviroid(PLMVd); (=Peach Prunus armeniaca bunga, daun, South Africa, Tunisia latent mosaic viroid; Prunus (apricot), Prunus avium batang, tanaman. America: Canada, Mexico, USA, virus 5; Peach yellow mosaic (sweet cherry), Prunus Uruguay viroid; Peach yellow mosaic; domestica (plum) Asia: China, Japan, Lebanon, Peach blotch; Peach virus 6; Syria Peach American mosaic Europe: Austria, Bosnia and disease; Peach American Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia, mosaic pathogen; Peach Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, mosaic; Peach calico) Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Montenegro, Spain Oceania: Australia 77. Peach rosette mosaic nepovirus I Vitis vinifera (anggur, biji, batang, Africa: Egypt (PRMV);(=Grape decline virus, grapevine), Prunus daun, buah, America: Canada, USA Grapevine degeneration virus, persica suluran (stolon), Asia: India, Turkey Peach rosette mosaic virus, Vaccinium corymbosum, tanah, media Rosette mosaic virus) Rumex crispus, Solanum tanam carolinense, Taraxacum officinale Vektor: Dorylaimidae, Longidoridae: Xiphinema americanum, Longidorus diadecturus 78. Peanut chlorotic streak I Arachys hypogaea tanaman Asia: India caulimovirus (PCSV);(=Peanut (kacang tanah, peanut) chlorotic streak virus, Peanut Canavalia ensiformis, chlorotic streak soymovirus) Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea),
362 Spinacia oleracea, Vicia faba(kacang babi, broad bean), Vigna radiata, 79. Peanut clump pecluvirus I Arachys hypogaea biji, tanaman Africa: Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, (PCV);(= Peanut clump (kacang tanah, peanut), Senegal furovirus, Peanut clump virus, Saccharum officinarum Vektor: Asia: India, Pakistan Indian peanut clump virus (tebu, sugarcane), Protozoa, (IPCV)) Triticum aestivum Plasmodiophorace (gandum, wheat), Setaria ae: Polymyxa Italyca (foxtail millet) graminis 80. Peanut stunt cucumovirus I Arachys hypogaea biji, tanaman Africa: Morocco, Sudan (PSV);(= Black locust true (kacang tanah, peanut), America: USA mosaic virus, Clover blotch Glycine max (kedelai, Vektor: Asia: China, Japan, Korea virus, Groundnut stunt virus, soybean), Solanum Hemiptera, Europe: France, Hungary, Italy, Peanut common mosaic virus, lycopersicum (tomat, Aphididae: Aphis Poland, Spain, Georgia Peanut stunt virus, Robinia tomato), Nicotiana craccivora, A. mosaic virus) tabacum (tembakau, spiraecola, Myzus tobacco), pea, Phaseolus persicae vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) 81. Pepino mosaic virus I Solanum lycopersicum buah, polong, Africa: South Africa, (PepMV);(=Pepino mosaic (tomat), Solanum daun. America: Canada, Chile, Ecuador, potexvirus) muricatum, Mexico, Peru, USA Ocimum basilicum, Asia: Syria Amaranthus graecizans, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Amaranthus viridis, Finland, France, Germany, Calendula arvensis, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Chenopodium murale, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Chrysanthemum segetum, Switzerland, Turkey, United Convolvulus arvensis, Kingdom
363 Convolvulus humilis, Malva neglecta, Malva nicaeensis, Malva parviflora, Malva sylvestris, Plantago lagopus, Plantago major, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, Sonchus tenerrimus, Lens culinaris (lentil) 82. Plum pox potyvirus (PPV); I Prunus armeniaca buah, polong, Africa: Egypt (=Plum pox virus; Prunus virus (apricot), Prunus daun, batang, America: Canada, USA, Argentina, 7; Annulus pruni; Sharka virus) domestica (plum), Prunus akar, biji, bibit. Chile dulcis (almond), Prunus Asia: India, Iran, Jordan, persica (peach), Prunus Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkey salicina (Japanese plum) Europe: Albania, Austria, Bosnia Juglans regia (walnut), and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Prunus avium (sweet Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, cherry), Prunus besseyi France, Germany, Greece, (bessey cherry), Prunus Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, cerasifera (myrobalan Luxembourg, Moldova, plum), Prunus spinosa Netherlands, Norway, Poland, (blackthorn), Prunus Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia tomentosa (Nanking and Montenegro, Slovakia, cherry tree) Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, UK (Wild hosts): Prunus glandulosa (flowering almond), Prunus japonica (Japanese bush cherry tree), Prunus serotina (black cherry)
364 83. Potato black ringspot nepovirus I Solanum tuberosum umbi, tanaman America: Peru (PBRSV);(=Andean potato (kentang, potato) calico strain of tobacco ringspot Arracacia xanthorrhiza, virus, Andean potato calico Oxalis tuberose strains nepovirus, Potato black ringspot virus, Potato calico strain of tobacco ringspot virus) 84. Potato mop-top pomovirus I Solanum tuberosum umbi, tanaman America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, (PMTV); (= Potato mop-top (kentang, potato) Peru, USA furovirus, Potato mop-top virus) Vektor:Protozoa, Asia: China: Taiwan, Israel, Plasmodiophorace Japan, Pakistan ae: Spongospora Europe: Czech, Slovakia, subterranea Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, UK 85. Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid I Solanum tuberosum biji, umbi (tuber), Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, Argentina (PSTVd);(= Potato spindle (kentang, potato), polen, tanaman America: Canada, Chile, Costa viroid, Spindle tuber viroid, Solanum lycopersicum Rica, Peru, USA, Venezuela Potato gothic virus, Tomato (tomat, tomato), Persea Vektor:Hemiptera Asia: Afghanistan, China, India bunchy top viroid) americana (alpokat, , Aphididae: Europe: Belarus, Germany, avocado) Macrosiphum Poland, Russia (Southern Russia), Beta vulgaris var euphorbiae, Ukraine saccharifera (bit gula, Myzus persicae Oceania: Australia, New Zealand sugar beet)
86. Potato T trichovirus (PVT);(= I Solanum tuberosum umbi, biji, America: Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay Potato T capillovirus, Potato (kentang, potato) tanaman virus T) S: Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus tuberosus 87. Potato U I Solanum tuberosum umbi, biji America: Peru nepovirus(PVU);(=Potato virus (kentang, potato),
365 U) Nicotiana tabacum Vektor:orylaimida (tembakau, tobacco), e, Longidoridae: Beta vulgaris (bit, Longidorussp. beetroot), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) 88. Potato yellow dwarf virus I Solanum tuberosum umbi (bulbs/ America: Canada, USA (PYDV);(=Potato yellow dwarf (potato) tubers/ corms/ rhabdovirus, Potato yellow Mirabilis jalapa, Nicotiana rhizomes) dwarf nucleorhabdovirus) alata, Tagetes erecta, Zinnia elegans, Solanaceae, Solanum, Apocynoideae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Lamioideae, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Polygalaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Mirabilis jalapa (marvel of Peru), Nicotiana alata (sweet-scented tobacco), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Zinnia elegans (zinnia), Anthemis
366 cotula (dog fennel), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Erysimum cheiranthoides (Treacle mustard), Lepidium campestre (Field cress), Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-rod) 89. Potato yellow dwarf virus I Solanum tuberosum umbi (tubers, America: Canada, USA (PYDV);Nucleorhabdovirus; (potato) bulbs), tunas, (=Potato yellow dwarf Catharanthus roseus daun, akar, nucleorhabdovirus; Potato (Pink periwinkle), batang, organ yellow dwarf rhabdovirus, Lycopersicon esculentum vegetatif, Yellow dwarf of potato) (tomato), Mirabilis jalapa tanaman (marvel of Peru), Nicotiana alata (sweet- scented tobacco), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) (Wild hosts): Anthemis cotula (dog fennel), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Erysimum cheiranthoides (Treacle mustard), Lepidium campestre (Field cress), Lepidium virginicum (n peppercress), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-rod)
367 90. Potato yellow vein crinivirus I Solanum tuberosum umbi, tanaman America: Colombia, Ecuador, (PYVV); (= Potato yellow vein (kentang, potato) Peru, Venezuela virus, Potato vein-yellowing Vektor:Hemiptera disease, Potato yellow vein , Aleyrodidae: disease) Trialeurodes vaporariorum 91. Prunus necrotic ringspot I Prunus persica, Prunus biji, polen, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, ilarvirus (PNRSV);(= Rose line cerasus, Prunus persica, batang, tanaman South Africa, Tunisia, pattern virus, European plum Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), America: Argentina, Brazil, line pattern virus, Hop B virus, Prunus domesticum Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Hop C virus, Peach ringspot (plam, plum), Prunus Uruguay, virus, Plum line pattern virus, dulcis (almon, almond), Asia: Afghanistan, China, China, Prunus ringspot virus, Prunus Humulus, Cucumis India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, necrotic ringspot ilarvirus, Red sativus (ketimun, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, currant necrotic ringspot virus, cucumber) Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Rose chlorotic mottle virus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Rose vein banding virus, Rose Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, yellow vein mosaic virus, Sour Denmark, France, Germany, cherry necrotic ringspot virus) Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand 92. Radish enation mosaic virus I Brassica napus var. tanaman Africa: Morocco (RaMV);(=Radish mosaic virus, napus (rape), Brassica America: USA Radish mosaic comovirus) oleracea (cabbages, Asia: India, Japan, cauliflowers), Brassica Europe: Austria, Armenia, rapa. oleifera (turnip Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, rape), Raphanus sativus Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
368 (lobak, radish) Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Brassica napus var. Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, napobrassica (swede), Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Slovenia, Eruca vesicaria (purple- Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, vein rocket) Montenegro, Kosovo, Bosnia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, 93. Raspberry ringspot I Rubus spp. (raspberry), biji, pollen, Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkey, Siberia nepovirus(RpRSV);(= Fragaria vesca (arbei, tanaman Europe: Albania, Belarus, Raspberry ringspot virus, strawberry), Prunus Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Raspberry Scottish leaf curl cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Vektor: Republic, Finland, France, virus, Red currant ringspot Vitis vinifera (anggur, orylaimidae, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, virus, Red currant ringspot grapevine), Prunus Longidoridae: Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, virus) cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Longidorus Norway, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Prunus domesticum elongatus, L. Switzerland, Turkey, United (plam, plum), Prunus macrosoma Kingdom americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry)Ligustrum vulgare, Narsisus pseudonar cissus, Ribes, Weigela Daphne, Forsythia, Phlox, Cynara scolymus 94. Red clover vein mosaic virus I Medicago sativa (alfalva, tanaman America: USA, (RCVMV);(=Red clover vein lucerne), Trifolium Europe: Germany, Lithuania, mosaic carlavirus, Clover (red) pratense (purple clover) Netherlands, vein mosaic virus. Marmor Cicer arietinum trifolii, pea stunt virus) (chickpea), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea),
369 Trifolium repens (white clover) 95. Rice black-streaked dwarf I Avena sativa (oat, oats), biji, akar, batang, America: Argentina fijivirus (RBSDV);(=Rice black Hordeum vulgare (barley), daun, bunga, Asia: China, Japan, Korea streak virus; Rice streak dwarf Oryza sativa (padi, buah virus; Black streaked dwarf paddy), Triticum aestivum disease) (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Beckmannia syzigachne (american sloughgrass), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Phleum pratense (timothy), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Secale cereale (rye), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum (wheat)
96. Rice dwarf I Oryza sativa (padi, tanaman Asia: China, India, Japan, Korea, phytoreovirus(RDV); (= Rice paddy) Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam mosaic virus, Rice dwarf virus, Vektor: Europe: Bulgaria Rice stunt, Oryza virus 1) Hemiptera, Cicadellidae:
370 Nephotettix cincticeps, N. nigropictus, Nephotettix spp., Recilia dorsalis 97. Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus I Oryza sativa (padi, tanaman America: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, (RHBV); (= Echinochloa hoja paddy), Triticum aestivum Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, blanca virus, Rice hoja blanca (gandum, wheat), Avena Vektor: Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, virus) sativa (oat, oats ) Hemiptera, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hordeum vulgare (barli, Delphacidae: Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto barley), Secale cereale Tagosodes Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and (rye) orizicolus Tobago, USA, Venezuela 98. Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV);(= I Oryza sativa (padi, tanaman, biji Asia: Siberia, China, Japan, Korea Rice stripe virus) paddy) (kontaminan) Europe: Russia Zea mays (jagung, corn), Triticum aestivum Vektor:Hempitera, (gandum, wheat), Avena Delphacidae: sativa (oat, oats), Laodelphax Hordeum vulgare (barli, striatellus, barley), Secale cereale Terthron (rye), Panicum miliaceum albovittatum, (rumput-rumputan) Unkanodes sapporona, U. albifascia 99. Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus I Oryza sativa (padi, tanaman Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, (RYMV);(= Rice yellow mottle paddy) Chad, Ivory Coast, Gambia, virus) Vektor: Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Coleoptera, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Chrysomelidae: Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sesselia pusilla, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania: Chaetocnema Zanzibar, Zimbabwe spp., Dactylispa
371 spp., Dicladisa viridicyanea, Trichispa sericea, Chrysomelidae lain 100. Rice yellow stunt I Oryza sativa (padi, tanaman Asia: China, Japan, Lao, Taiwan, nucleorhabdovirus paddy) Thailand, Vietnam, (RTYV);(=Rice yellow stunt Vektor:Hemiptera virus, Rice transitory yellowing , Cicadellidae: virus, Rice transitory yellowing Nephotettix rhabdovirus) cincticeps, N. nigropictus, N. virescens 101. Rose wilt agent;(=Rose wilt I Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, tanaman Africa: South Africa disease, Rose leaf curl, Rose America: USA stunt, Rose dieback, Rose little Oceania: Australia, New Zealand leaf, Rose spring dwarf) 102. Satsuma dwarf I Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) mata tunas, biji, Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Korea, nepovirus(SDV);(= Citrus tanaman Turkey mosaic virus, Natsudaidai dwarf virus, Navel orange infectious mottling virus, Citrus satsuma dwarf nepovirus, Citrus (navel orange) infectious mottling virus, Satsuma dwarf virus, Satsuma dwarf sadwavirus) 103. Southern bean mosaic virus I Phaseolus vulgaris bibit, daun, biji. Africa: Benin, ivory coast, Ghana, (SBMV);(= Southern bean (common bean), Vigna Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, mosaic sobemovirus, Bean mungo (black gram), America: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, southern mosaic virus, Southern Vigna unguiculata Mexico, USA, Brazil, Colombia, bean mosaic virus 1, Bean (cowpea) Venezuela, mosaic virus 4, Marmor Glycine max (soyabean) Asia: China, India, Pakistan, laesiofaciens, Phaseolusvirus Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan,
372 laedens) Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, France, 104. Strawberry crinkle rhabdovirus I Fragaria ananassa bunga, buah, Africa: South Africa (SCrV);(=Strawberry crinkle Fragaria sp. (strawberry) bibit tanaman America: Canada, Mexico, USA, virus, Strawberry latent virus Brazil, Chile A, Strawberry crinkle Asia: China, Israel, Japan, cytorhabdovirus, Kazakhstan, Korea Strawberry latent virus B, Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Strawberry latent A, (mild France, Germany, Italy, form), Strawberry latent A, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia- strawberry latent B, Montenegro, Slovakia, UK, Strawberry lesion A, Scotland Strawberry lesion B, Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Strawberry vein chlorosis) Zealand 105. Strawberry latent C I Fragaria ananassa, suluran (stolon) America: Canada, USA rhabdovirus Fragaria vesca (arbei, Asia: Japan (STLCV);(=Strawberry latent C strawberry) Vektor: virus) Fragaria sp. Hemiptera, Aphididae: Chaetosiphon fragaefolii 106. Strawberry latent ringspot I Apium graveolens, biji, tanaman America: USA nepovirus(SLRSV); (= Aesculus Asparagus officinalis Asia: Turkey line pattern virus, Rhubarb (asparagus, asparagus), Vektor: Europe: Belgium, Czech, Finland, virus 5, Strawberry latent ring Fragaria vesca (arbei, Dorylaimida, France, Germany, Hungary, spot virus, Strawberry latent strawberry), Lilium, Longidoridae: Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, ringspot sadwavirus) Narsisus, Prunus Xiphinema Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, americana (aprikot, diversicaudatum, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, UK apricot), Prunus avium, X. coxi, (England, Wales), Northern
373 Prunus domesticum Paralongidorus Ireland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, (plam, plum), Prunus maximus Bosnia and Herzegovina, persica (persik, peach), Montenegro, Macedonia Rheum hybridum, Ribes Oceania: Australia nigrum, R.rubrum, Rubus fruticosa, Trifolium repens, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine). Aesculus, Humulus lupulus, Pastinaca sativa 107. Strawberry mild yellow edge I Fragaria (strawberry), bunga, buah, Africa: South Africa potexvirus Fragaria ananassa bibit tanaman America: Canada, USA, Brazil, (SMYEV);(=Strawberry mild (strawberry), Fragaria Chile, Paraguay yellow edge disease; chiloensis (Chilean Asia: China, Israel, Japan Strawberry yellow edge; strawberry), Fragaria Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Strawberry mild yellow edge ovalis, Fragaria vesca France, Germany, Hungary, virus; Strawberry mild yellow (wild strawberry), Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, edge associated virus; Fragaria na (scarlet Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Strawberry xanthosis; strawberry (UK)) Switzerland, UK strawberry virus 2) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 108. Strawberry vein banding I Fragaria vesca (wild daun, bibit America: Canada, USA, Brazil, caulimovirus strawberry), Fragaria tanaman Chile (SVBV);(=Strawberry vein (strawberry), Fragaria Asia: China, Japan banding virus; Strawberry ananassa (strawberry) Europe: Czech, Denmark, virus 5) Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, UK Oceania: Australia 109. Sugarcane bacilliform I Saccharum officinarum tunas, batang, America: Cuba, Morocco, USA badnavirus (SCBV);(= (tebu, sugarcane) mata tunas Sugarcane bacilliform virus)
374 110. Sugarcane mild mosaic virus I Saccharum officinarum akar, batang, Africa: South Africa, Malawi, (SCMMV) (tebu, sugarcane) daun, bunga, Madagascar, Mauritius, Chad, buah Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Zambia America: USA Vektor: . Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae: Saccharicoccus sacchari 111. Sugarcane yellow leaf I Saccharum officinarum batang, suluran Africa: Morocco, Uganda, Senegal, luteovirus (ScYLV);(= (tebu, sugarcane) (stolon), tanaman Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, Sugarcane yellow leaf virus) S.robustum, S. sinensis, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Reunion, S.spontaneum Vektor:Hemiptera Mauritius , Aphididae: America: USA, Mexico, Cuba, Melanaphis Dominica, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, sacchari, Argentina, Hawai, Jamaica, Rhopalosiphum Barbados, Guatemala, El Salvador maidis Asia: Iran, India, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea 112. Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV);(= I Cucumis sativus daun, akar, umbi, Africa: South Africa Tobacco necrosis necorvirus, (cucumber), Daucus batang, tanaman. Amerika: Canada, USA, Brazil Bean stipple steak virus, carota (carrot), Phaseolus Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey Cucumber necrosis virus, Tulip vulgaris (common bean), Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, necrosis virus, Chenopodium Solanum tuberosum Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, necrosis necrovirus (kentang, potato), Tulipa France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, cucumber systemic necrosis (tulip) Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, virus Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Romania, Russian Federation, Euonymus mosaic virus Cucurbita pepo Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, strawberry necrotic rosette (ornamental gourd), United Kingdom, virus Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Oceania: Australia (Queensland), tulip Augusta disease virus) (guar), Euonymus New Zealand
375 europaeus, Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Malus domestica (apple), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (European pear), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) 113. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV); I Beta vulgaris var. tunas, daun, Africa: Egypt, South Africa, (=Aster ringspot virus, saccharifera (sugarbeet), batang, bagian Tunisia Belladonna mosaic virus, Potato Capsicum annuum (bell vegetatif America: Cuba, Canada, USA, stem mottle virus, Peony mosaic pepper), Freesia, tanaman. Bolivia, Brazil virus, Peony ringspot virus, Gladiolus hybrids (sword Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Paeony mosaic virus, Paeony lily), Iris (irises), Lilium Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of ringspot virus, Potato corky candidum (madonna lily), (South Korea), Uzbekistan ringspot virus, Ratel virus, Nicotiana tabacum Europe: Austria, Belarus, Tabakmauche virus, (tobacco), Secale cereale Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Tabakstreifenund Kra, Spinach (rye), Solanum tuberosum Republic, Czech Republic and yellow mottle virus, Tobacco (potato), Tulipa (tulip) Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, rattle tobravirus, Tobacco rattle Allium cepa (onion), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
376 virus, Tulip white streak virus, Allium sativum (garlic), and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Oregon yellow virus, Spinach Alstroemeria (Inca lily), Macedonia, France, Germany, yellow mottle, Fraxinus virus) Anemone (windflower), Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Brassica sp., Cyclamen, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Cynara cardunculus L. Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, var. scolymus (globe Poland, Russia, Sweden, artichoke), Fraxinus Switzerland, UK (ashes), Hosta spp., Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily), Narcissus (daffodil), Peperomia, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox, Phlox paniculata (summer perennial phlox) (Wild hosts): Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Artemisia (wormwoods), Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Galium mollugo (Hedge bedstraw), Malva (mallow), Physalis (Groundcherry), Plantago (Plantain), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Rumex (Dock), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Stellaria
377 media (common chickweed), Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Viola arvensis (feld pansy) 114. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV); I Vigna unguiculata buah, bunga, Africa: South Africa (=Asparagus stunt virus, (kacang tunggak, daun, tunas, America: Argentina, Brazil, Asparagusstunt virus, Black cowpea), Nicotiana akar, batang, biji Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA, raspberry latent ilarvirus, tabacum (tembakau, Venezuela Black raspberry latent virus, tobacco), Solanum Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Bean red node strain, Black lycopersicum (tomat, Japan, Singapore raspberry latent strain, Datura tomato), Capsicum Europe: Denmark, Serbia, quercina virus, New logan annuum (cabai, hot Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and virus, Nicotiana virus 8, pepper, chilies, red Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nicotiana virus vulnerans, pepper), Glycine max Macedonia, France, Netherlands, Strawberry necrotic shock (kedelai, soybean), Norway, Scotland virus, Tractus orae, Tobacco Fragaria, Asparagus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand streak virus) officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Cynara scolymus, Gossypium herbaceum, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lactuca sativa (letus, lettuce), Medicago sativa, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Vigna angularis, Pisum sativum, Rubus sp. (black raspberry), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium pratense
378 Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Cichorium endivia, Cicer arietinum, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cyphomandra betacea, Dahlia, Eustoma grandiflorum, Gladiolus hybrids, Melilotus alba, raspberry, Rubus ursinus, Trigonella foenumgraecum 115. Tomato aspermy cucumovirus I Chrysanthemumspp. biji, tanaman America: Canada, USA (TAV);(= Chrysanthemum (krisan, chrysant), aster, Asia: China, India, Japan, aspermy virus, Capsicum annuum (cabai, Vektor: Europe: Estonia, Belarus, Latvia, Chrysanthemum mild mottle hot pepper, chilies, red Hemiptera, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, virus, Tomato aspermy pepper), Solanum Aphididae: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, cucumovirus, Chrysanthemum lycopersicum (tomat, Myzus persicae Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, mosaic virus, Cucumis virus tomato), Canna sp., Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, 1, Lycopersicon virus 7) Lilium sp., Mentha Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, spicata, Petunia hybrida, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia Zinnia elegans and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, Romania Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 116. Tomato black ring nepovirus I Allium cepa (onion), biji, polong, akar, America: Chile (TBRV); (Bean ringspot virus; Allium porrum (leek), batang, daun, Asia: India, Japan, Turkey Beet ringspot virus; Lettuce Apium graveolens bunga, buah Europe: Albania, Belarus, ringspot virus; Potato bouquet (celery), Beta vulgaris var. Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech virus; Potato pseudo-aucuba saccharifera (sugarbeet), Republic, Finland, France, virus, Tomato black ring virus) Brassica napus var. Germany, Greece, Hungary, napobrassica (swede), Ireland, Moldova, Netherlands, Brassica rapa subsp. Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia,
379 rapa (turnip), Capsicum Serbia and Montenegro, Sweden, (peppers), Cucumis Switzerland, UK, Scotland sativus (cucumber), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Narcissus (daffodil), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Prunus persica (peach), Ribes (currants), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Forsythia intermedia (Golden bells), Syringa vulgaris (lilac) (Wild hosts): Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Herbaceous hosts, Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Sambucus nigra (elder)
380 117. Tomato ringspot nepovirus I Fragaria chiloensis biji, tanaman, Africa: Egypt, Togo, Tunisia (ToRSV);(=Tomato ringspot (Chilean strawberry), akar, batang, America: Puerto Rico, Canada, virus, Prunus stem pitting virus, Malus domestica (apple), daun, bunga, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Chile, Blackberry (Himalaya) mosaic Nicotiana tabacum buah Peru, Venezuela virus, Nicotiana 13 virus, (tobacco), Pelargonium Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Tobacco ringspot virus 2, Peach (pelargoniums), Prunus South Korea, Oman, Pakistan, stem pitting virus, Prune brown (stone fruit), Prunus Turkey line virus, Gravelins yellow vein armeniaca (apricot), Europe: Belarus, Belgium, virus, Red currant mosaic Prunus avium (sweet Bulgarium, Croatia, Czech, vurus, Winter peach mosaic cherry), Prunus cerasus Denmark, Finland, France, virus, Apple union necrotic (sour cherry), Prunus Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, nepovirus) domestica (plum), Prunus Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, persica (peach), Prunus Portugal, Russia, Serbia, salicina (Japanese plum), Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ribes (currants), Rubbus Sweden, UK (blackberry, Raspberry), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Rubbus idaeus (raspberry), Vitis vinifera (grapevine),
381
B. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA(KATEGORI A2)
I. SERANGGA (INSECTS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ MEDIA KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ / GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Acanthoscelides obtectus II Cajanus cajan (kacang biji Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi Say.;(=Acanthoscelides gude, pigeon pea), Afrika: Angola,Burundi, Congo DR, irresectus Fåhraeus Phaseolus (beans), Egypt, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, =Acanthoscelides tetricus Phaseolus lunatus(lima Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Gyllenhal =Bruchidius bean), Phaseolus vulgaris Rwanda, Reunion, Saint Helena, obsoletus=Bruchidius obtectus (buncis, common bean) Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Say =Bruchus fabae Riley Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, =Bruchus irresectus=Bruchus Glycine max (kedelai, Zambia, Zimbabwe obsoletus (Say) =Bruchus soyabean), Lathyrus America:Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, obtectus Say =Bruchus tetricus sativus (grasspea), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Gyllenhal =Laria obtectus Say Phaseolus acutifolius Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican =Larra irresectus=Mylabris (tepary bean), Phaseolus Republic, Ecuador, El Savador, obtectus Say); Coleoptera: coccineus (runner bean), Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Bruchidae; bean bruchid, Pisum sativum (pea), Vicia Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, American seed beetle, bean faba (faba bean), Vigna Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, beetle, bean weevil, common unguiculata(kacang Venezuela bean weevil, dried bean beetle, panjang, cowpea), Zea Asia:Armenia, India,Iraq, Israel, dried bean weevil mays (jagung, corn) Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam
382 Eropa: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 2. Aleurodicus dugesiiCockerell; II Acacia auriculiformis, buah, batang, Indonesia: Jawa Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; giant Acacia longifolia, Acacia daun, tanaman America: USA, Mexico, Costa Rica, whitefly saligna, Acalypa hispida, El Salvador,Guatemala Allamanda cathartica, Asia: Pakistan Aralia, Bambusa, Bauhinia galpinni, Begonia, Bishofia javanica, Bombax sp., Bougainvillea variegate, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Brachychiton spp., Buxus japonica,Calliandra sp., Canna sp., Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chillies), Cinnamomum, Citrus, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Codiaeum variegatum, Colacasia (Elephant ear, taro), Cyperus papyrus (papyrus), Dahlia pinnata, Erythrina sp.,Eucalyptus
383 spp., Eugenia uniflora, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Ficus spp., Heliconia sp., Hibiscus spp., Hoya sp., Jasmine sambac, Mandevilla, Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Mucuna bennetti, Murraya paniculata (kemuning, mock orange), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Nandina domestica,Neomarica longifolia,Osteospermum sp., Passiflora sp., Pelargonium sp., Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus, Philodendron spp., Plumeria, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor oil bean), Secium edule, Solanum sp. 3. Altha alastorTams.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang,daun, Indonesia: Sulawesi Lepidoptera: Limacadidae; ulat coconut) dan Palmae bunga, buah siput/slug caterpillar, the lainnya, Bombax moth of borneo (Bombacaceae) 4. Amblypelta theobromaBrown; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang, daun, Indonesia: Papua Hemiptera: Coreidae; coconut coconut), Theobroma cacao buah Oceania: Papua New Guinea bug (kakao, cocoa) 5. Atherigona soccataRond.; II Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, batang Indonesia: Maluku (=Atherigona indica =A. indica sorghum) Africa: Burkina Faso, Congo
384 ssp. infuscata=A. varia var. Brachiaria reptans Democratic Republic, Egypt, soccata); Diptera: Muscidae; (sprawling panicum), Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Sorghum shoot (stem) fly, Cymbopogon citratus (serai Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, great fly, millet stem fly, millet wangi, citronella grass), Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, stem maggot Cymbopogon ceasius, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Cynodon dactylon Zimbabwe. (bermuda grass), Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Desmostachya bipinnata Iraq, Israel, Myanmar, Nepal, (halfa grass), Digitaria Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi sanguinalis (large Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, crabgrass), Echinochloa Turkey, Vietnam. colona (junglerice), Europe: Italy. Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine coracana (jaba, finger’s millet), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Eragrostis japonica (delicate lovegrass), Eriochloa procera (tropical cupgrass), Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Panicum antidotale (elbow grass), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum), Pennisetum glaucum (bajra, pearl millet), Pennisetum (feather grass), Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch
385 grass), Setaria intermedia, Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail), Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtai), Sorghum arundinaceum, Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum propinquum, Sorghum purpureosericeum, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass), Urochloa distachya, Zea mays (jagung, corn), Brachiaria brizantha, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ) 6. Bactrocera bryoniaeTryon; II Mangifera indica (mangga, buah, media Indonesia:Bali, Kalimantan, Papua, (=Chaetodacus bryoniae); mango), Passiflora tanam, tanah Maluku Utara. Diptera: Tephritidae; fruit fly quadrangularis (markisa, Oceania: Australia, French granadilla, passion-fruit), Polynesia, New Caledonia. Bryonopsis affinis, Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies) 7. Bactrocera musaeTryon.; II Musa spp. (pisang, buah, media Indonesia: Kalimantan, Sulawesi, (=Chaetodacus musae =C. banana), Carica papaya tanam, tanah Maluku, Papua, Jawa (Barat) tryoni var. musae =Dacus (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Asia: Philippines. musae=Strumeta musae); Psidium guajava (jambu Oceania: Australia, Papua New Diptera: Tephritidae; banana biji (seed), guava) Guinea, Bismarck, Solomon fruit fly Islands. 8. Bactrocera occipitalis Bezzi; II Averrhoa carambola buah Indonesia:Bali, Kepulauan Riau,
386 (=Dacus occipitalis = Dacus (belimbing, carambola, Kalimantan (Barat, Tengah, Timur, dorsalis var. occipitalis star fruit), Citrus reticulata Selatan), Maluku Utara, NTB, =Chaetodacus occipitalis Bezzi (jeruk mandarin, Sulawesi (Barat, Tenggara, Selatan) = Chaetodacus ferrugineus var. mandarin, tangerine, Asia: Brunei Darussalam, occipitalis Bezzi =Strumeta mandarin orange), Malaysia, Philippines. pedestris var. occipitalis); Mangifera indica (mangga, Diptera: Tephritidae mango), Achras (=Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Spondias purpurea (plum, red mombin) 9. Bemisia argentifoliiGennadius; II Gossypium hirsutum batang, daun, Indonesia: Jawa (=B.tabaci- biotype); (kapas, cotton), buah, bunga Africa:Egypt, Mauritius, South Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; Solanumlycopersicum(toma Africa, Tunisia. silverleaf white fly, sweet t, tomato), Fabaceae, America: Antigua and Barbuda, potato white fly B-biotype, Brassicaceae, Carica Belize, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican papaya), Capsicum Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, annuum (cabai besar, Guatemala,Honduras, Jamaica, paprika, bell-pepper, hot Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, pepper, chilies), Euphorbia Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts pulcherrima, Lactuca sativa and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, (salada, lettuce), Nicotiana USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. tabacum (tembakau, Asia: China, Taiwan, Iran, Israel, tobacco), Solanum Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of melongena (terung, (South Korea), Turkey, Yemen. aubergine, eggplant) Europe: Austria, Cyprus, France, Brassicaceae, Fagaceae, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Geraniaceae, Lauraceae, Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, UK Passifloraceae, Rosaceae, Oceania: American Samoa,
387 Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Acer, Amaranthus, Mentha, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Bombacaceae. Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands. 10. Chaetanaphothrips II Anthurium andreanum, batang, daun, Indonesia: Jawa orchidiiMoulton; Alternanthera(joyweed), bunga, tanah Africa: Mauritius, Sao Tome and (=Anaphothrips orchidii Bougainvillea, Principe. =Euthrips orchidii =Physothrips Chrysanthemum(daisy), America:Argentina, Brazil, Costa orchidii =Taeniothrips orchidii); Musa spp. (pisang, Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Thysanoptera: Thripidae; banana), Petroselinum Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, anthurium thrips, orchid crispum(peterseli, parsley), Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, thrips Zea mays (jagung, corn) Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Acer palmatum, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Adiantum(japanese maple), USA, Hawaii. Adiantum (maidenhair Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan, ferns), Allium (onions, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka. garlic, leek, etc), Europe: Italy, Poland Amaranthus(grain Oceania: Australia, Tonga. amaranth), Begonia, Citrus reticulataxparadisi (tangelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (jeruk bali, pommel, grapefruit), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Coix lacryma-jobi (jail, Job’s tears), Cryptotaenia canadensis, Euphorbia(spurges), Epiphyllum, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
388 sweetpotato), Iresine(blood- leaf), Litchi sinensis (leci, lychee), Lycopersicon, Passiflora(passion flower), Paspalum conjugatum(sour paspalum), Piper(pepper), Pisonia, Orchid, ornamental plants 11. Chrysomphalus aonidum L; II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), batang, daun, Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi, (=Aonidiella ficorum Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), buah Sumatera. =Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus Africa: Algeria, Burundi, Comoros, aonidum=A.(Chrysomphalus) maxima (pummelo), Citrus Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, ficus =A.aonidum =A. ficorum sinensis (navel orange), Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, =Aspidiotus ficus =Coccus Citrus x paradisi Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, aonidum); Hemiptera: (grapefruit) Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Diaspididae; red scale, Asparagus officinalis South Africa, Sudan, Sircular black scale (asparaga, asparagus), Tanzania,Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Carica papaya (pepaya, Zimbabwe. pawpaw, papaya), Camelia America: Argentina, Barbados, sinensis (teh, tea), Bermuda, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Cinnamomum Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, verum(cinnamon), Cocos Dominica, Dominican Republic, El nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Salvador, French Guiana, Dracaena, Dracaena Guadeloupe, Guatemala, reflexa, Gossypium Guyana,Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Lauraceae,Palmaceae, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Malus domestica (apel, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the apple), Mangifera indica Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad (mangga, mango), Musa and Tobago, USA, United States spp. (pisang, banana), Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay, Musa x paradisiaca Venezuela
389 (plantain), Phoenix Asia: Bhutan, British Indian Ocean dactylifera (kurma, date- Territory, China, India, Iran, Iraq, palm), Pinus merkusii Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (pinus, pinetree), Pinus (North Korea), Korea Republic of (pines) (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan,Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen. Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Malta, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu.
12. Chrysomphalus II Albizia julibrissin (silk batang, daun, Indonesia: Jawa, Papua, Sumatera dictyospermiMorgan; tree), Areca, Areca catechu buah US Minor Outlying Islands: (=Aspidiotus (Chrysom phalus) (pinang, betelnut-pam), Johnston Island. dictyospermi=A. agrumicula Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, =A. arecae =A. dictyospermi Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, =A. dictyospermi v. arecae =A. Citrus aurantium (sour Congo, DR Congo,Ivory Coast, dictyospermi v. jamaicensis =A. orange), Citus maxima Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea,
390 jamaicensis (=Amangiferae (pummelo), Citrus sinensis Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, =Chrysomphalus arecae (navel orange), Citrus Mozambique, Mali, Mauritius, =C.castigatus =C. unshiu (satsuma), Citrus x Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, dictyospermatis =C. paradisi (grapefruit), Cocos Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, jamaicensis =C. mangiferae =C. nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, minor); Hemiptera: Dracaena, Olea (olive), Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Diaspididae; dictyospermum Olea europaea subsp. Zambia, Zimbabwe. scale europaea (zaitun, America: Argentina, Bahamas, olive),Howea, Palmaceae Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, lainnya, Solanaceae, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Mangifera indica (mangga, Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, mango), Manihot, Musa El savador, Ecuador, Grenada, (pisang, banana), Musa x Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, paradisiaca (pisang kepok, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, plantain), Persea Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, americana (avokad, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, avocado), Plumeria, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Rosa(roses), Plumeria USA, Hawaii, South Carolina, (frangipani), Solanum Uruguay, United States Virgin melongena (terung, Islands, Venezuela. aubergine, eggplant), Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan, Syzygium malaccense Cambodia, China, Georgia (jambu bol, malay-apple), (Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Taxus baccata(english Japan, Korea Republic of (South yew), Zingiber officinale Korea),Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, (jahe, ginger) Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Acacia (wattles), Acer Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, palmatum (Japanese Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. maple), Agave, Aloe (grey Europe:Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, alder), Annona, Araucaria Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech angustifolia (Paraná pine), Republic, Artocarpus (breadfruit Croatia,Estonia,France,Georgia,
391 trees), Asparagus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Bambusa vulgaris Lithuania, Portugal, Poland, (common bamboo), Buxus Malta,Moldova, Montenegro, (box), Cactaceae (cacti), Macedonia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Camellia, Carica papaya Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, (pepaya, papaw), Ceratonia Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Serbia, siliqua (locust bean), Slovenia, Spain, Slovakia Republic, Cinnamomum, Colocasia, UK, Crataegus (hawthorns), Oceania: American Samoa, Cupressus macrocarpa Australia, Federated states of (monterey cypress), Cycas, Micronesia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Dendrobium, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Dictyosperma, Diospyros Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern (malabar ebony), Elaeis Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New guineensis (African oil Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, palm), Erythrina variegata Tonga, Tuvalu. (Indian coral tree), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Eugenia, Euphorbia regis-jubae, Ficus, Fraxinus (ashes), Grevillea, Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus syriacus (shrubby althaea), Howea forsteriana (paradise palm), Latania, Laurus (laurel), Ligustrum (rivet), Macadamia tetraphylla (rough-shell macadamia nut), Malus (ornamental species apple), Monstera deliciosa
392 (ceriman), Morus (mulberrytree), Myristica (nutmeg), Nerium oleander (oleander), Phoenix (date palm), Phormium, Pinus (pines), Pistacia, Pittosporum, Platanus (planes), Populus (poplars), Prunus (stone fruit), Psidium guajava (guava), Punica, Pyrus (pears), Quercus (oaks), Rhamnus (Buckthorn), Roystonea, Ruscus, Rute (rue), Salix (willows), Sida, Sophora, Spondias (purple mombin), Strelitzia, Tamarindus, Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Vanilla planifolia (vanilla), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Xanthosoma (cocoyam), Yucca 13. Contarinia sorghicolaCoquillet; II Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, biji, bunga Indonesia: Jawa (=Contarinia sorghicola =C. sorghum) Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, saltata =C. andropogonis =C. Sorghum arundinaceum, Burundi, Cameroon, Central palposa=Diplosis sorghicola Sorghum dochna, Sorghum African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, =Allocontarinia sorghicola); halepense (Johnson grass), Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Diptera: Cecidomyiidae; ganjur Sorghum sudanense Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Niger, (sorgum)/Sorghum midge (sudan grass), rerumputan Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra (Triodia flava, Setaria Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
393 qlauce, Andropogon Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, gayanus) Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United States Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Yemen Europe: France, Italy, Russia. Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea. 14. Coptotermes gestroiWasmann; II Pinus, Albizia, Hevea, batang, kayu Indonesia: Jawa Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae; other wood Africa: Madagascar, Mauritius, Asian subterranean termite Reunion America: Antigua, Barbados, Brazil, CaymanIslands, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, USA, US Virgin Islands Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Europe: Italy Oceania: French Polynesia 15. Darna bradleyiHolloway; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera
394 (=Ploneta bradleyi); sawit, oilpalm) Lepidoptera: Limacodidae; ulat api/fire worm 16. Darna catenatus Snellen; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, daun Indonesia: Sulawesi, Papua (=Orthocraspeda catenata coconut), Elaeis guineensis (Snellen)=Orthocraspeda (kelapa sawit, oil palm), catenatus); Lepidoptera: Metroxylon sagu (palem Limacodidae. sagu, sago palm) 17. Dihammus rusticatorF.; II Coffea arabica (kopi batang, daun, Indonesia: Sumatera (=Dihammus fistulator arabika, arabica coffee), akar =Monochamus fistulator = Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Acalolepta fistulator = Jatropha sp. (jarak iri, A.rusticator); Coleoptera: Barbados nut tree), Cerambycidae; penggerek Manihot esculenta (ubi batang / stem borer kayu, cassava), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor oil bean), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant) 18. Dorysthenes buquetiGuerin- II Saccharum officinarum batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa Meneville; (=Lophosternus (tebu, sugarcane), Asia : India, Laos, Malaysia, buqueti); Coleoptera: Bambusa vulgaris Myanmar, Thailand. Cerambycidae; longhorn beetle (common bamboo), Spondias pinnata (kedondong, otaheitte apple), Leucaena glauca (lamtoro gung, horse tamarind) Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava)
395 19. Dysmicoccus brevipes II Ananas comusus (Nanas, buah, batang, Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera Cockerell; Hemiptera: pineapple), daun, tanaman Africa: Angola, Benin,Burkina Pseudococcidae; pineapple Anacardium occidentale Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,Chad, mealybug (kacang mete, cashew nut), Congo, Egypt, Ghana,Guinea,Ivory Annona muricata (sirsak, Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, soursop), Annona reticulata Mali,Mauritius, Mozambique, (bullock’s heart),Annona Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, squamosa (srikaya, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, sweetsop), Apium Seychelles, Sierra Leone, graveolens (seledri, celery), Somalia,South Africa, Sudan, Arachis hypogaea (kacang Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia tanah, peanut), Brassica America:Antigua and Barbuda, rapa subsp. chinensis Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, (Chinese cabbage), Canna Bahamas, Barbados, indica (canna lilly), Belize,Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Capsicum (peppers), Cayman Island, Central America & Casuarina equisetifolia Caribbean, Colombia, Chile, Costa (casuarina), Citrus, Cocos Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Republic, Ecuador,El Salvador, Coffea arabica (kopi, French Guiana,Guyana, Grenada, arabica coffee), Colocasia Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, esculenta (talas, taro), Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Cucumis sativus (ketimun, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Peru, cucumber), Cucurbita Mexico, Martinique, Montserrat, (labu, pumpkin), Daucus Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, carota (wortel, carrot), Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad Elaeis guineensis (kelapa and Tobago, Venezuela, Uruguay, sawit, oil palm), Ficus, USA, United States Virgin Islands Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Hibiscus (rosemallows), Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, sweet potato), Malus Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines,
396 domestica (apel, apple), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Mangifera indica (mangga, Thailand, Vietnam mango), Manihot esculenta Europe: Italy, Portugal, Spain (ubi kayu, cassava), Oceania: American Samoa, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, lucerne), Musa (pisang, French Polynesia, Federated states banana), Persea americana of Micronesia, Guam, Kiribati, (avokad, avocado), Phoenix Marshall Island, New Caledonia, dactylifera (kurma, date- Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, palm), Piper betle (betel Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, pepper), Poaceae (grasses), Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Psidium guajava (jambu Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and biji, guava), Saccharum Futuna Islands officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Theobroma cacao (coklat, cocoa), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily), Rhapis excelsa 20. Dysmicoccus II Acacia (wattles), Achras(= buah, batang, Indonesia Jawa neobrevipesBeardsley; Manilkara) zapota (sawo, daun, tanaman America:Jamaica, Mexico, USA Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; sapodilla), Agave sisalana, Asia: Fiji, Malaysia, gray pineapple mealybug Aglaonema, Alpinia, Philippines,Taiwan, Thailand
397 Anagallis arvensis (scarlet Eropa: Italy pimpernel), Ananas Oceania:Micronesia comosus (naenas, pineapple), Annona, Arachis, Artocarpus (breadfruit), Barringtonia, Cajanus, Citrus, Clerodendrum (Fragrant clerodendron), Coccoloba (sea grape), Codiaeum (ornamental croton), Coffea (coffee), Cresentia alata,Cucurbita maxima(waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Gossypium (cotton), Guettarda, Heliconia, Solanumlycopersicum(toma t, tomato), Musa (pisang, banana), Opuntia (Pricklypear), Pandanus (screw-pine), Phaseolus (beans), Philodendron, Pipturus argentea,Piscidia piscipula, Polianthes, Punica, Samanea, Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Tectona, Theobroma, Thespesia, Vigna
398 unguiculata (cowpea), Wrightia arborea (lanete), Yucca 21. Heterobostrychus aequalis II Camelia sinensis, Ceiba batang, kayu Indonesia: Jawa, Bali Waterhouse;Coleoptera; pentandra, Forest trees Africa: South Africa, Madagascar Bostrichidae Asia: India, Thailand, Philippines, powder post beetle Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Europe: Germany Oceania: Papua New Guinea 22. Hexamitodera II Syzygium aromaticum batang Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi, semivelutinaHeller.; (cengkeh, clove) Maluku, Sumatera Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Syzygium spp., Eugenia Asia: Brunei Darussalam. penggerek batang spp., Psidium guajava (cengkeh)/stem borer (jambu biji, guava) dan Myrtaceae lainnya 23. Icerya purchasiMaskell.; II Acacia(wattles), Acacia batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan, (=Pericerya purchasi); confusa, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Papua. Hemiptera: Margarodidae; Acalypha(copperleaf), Africa: Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde, cottony cushion scale Albizia julibrissin (silk DR Congo, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, tree), Casuarina Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, equisetifolia Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, (casuarina),Citrus, Cytisus Saint Helena, Sao Tome and (broom), Glycine soja Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, (kedelai, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, soybean),Indigofera(indigo), Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Mangifera indica (mangga, Zambia, Zimbabwe. mango), Morus alba America: Antigua and Barbuda, (murbei, mulberry), Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Psophocarpus Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman tetragonolobus (kecipir, Islands, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, winged bean), Psidium Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican guajava (jambu biji, Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
399 guava), Pittosporum, Rosa, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Ulex Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, europaeus(gorse)Acacia Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto dealbata (acacia bernier), Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Albizia procera (white Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, siris), Baccharis, Begonia, Uruguay, Venezuela. Buxus Asia: Bangladesh, China, sempervirens(common Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), boxwood), Caesalpinia(divi- Cocos Islands, Georgia (Republic), divi), Cajanus cajan India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Camellia, Cassia(sennas), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Casuarina, Choisya, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Choisya ternata (mexican Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, orange blossom), Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Taiwan, Crotalaria, Desmodium(tick Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen. clovers), Elaeagnus, Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia Euphorbia(spurges), and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Fragaria(strawberry), Croatia,France, Gibraltar, Greece, Fuchsia, Hebe, Hedera Hungary, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, helix (ivy), Hydrangea Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, (Hydrangeas), Impatiens Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, (balsam), Jasminum Slovenia, United Kingdom. (jasmine), Juncus(rushes), Oceania: Australia, Federated Lantana camara (lantana), States of Micronesia (Caroline Laurus nobilis(Sweet bay), Islands), Fiji, French Polynesia, Maranta bicolor, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Macadamia New Caledonia, New Zealand, integrifolia(macadamia Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana nut), Malpighia Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, punicifolia,Malpighia glabra Solomon Islands, Tonga, US Minor (acerola),Medicago Outlying Islands
400 sativa(alfalfa, lucerne), Mimosa(sensitive plants), Morus nigra (murbei, blackmulberry), Nandina domestica(heavenly bamboo), Pelargonium(pelargoniums) , Pittosporum, Pittosporum tobira (japanese pittosporum)Plumbago, Plumbago zeylanica, Prunus (stone fruit), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyracantha coccinea (scarletfirethorn), Quercus (oaks), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar,castor oil bean), Rosa (roses), Schinus(pepper tree), Senecio (groundsel),Spartium junceum(spanish broom), Spirarea, Syringa (lilac), Ros marinus officinalis (rosemary),Virgilia capensis(snowdrop tree) 24. Laodelphax striatella Fall.; II Avena sativa (oats), batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera (=Laodelphax striatellus Hordeum vulgare (barli, Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia =Calligypona marginata =C. barley), Oryza sativa (padi, Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia striatella =Delphacodes paddy), Saccharum (Republic of), India, Iran, Israel, striatella =Delphax notula =D. officinarum (tebu, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea),
401 striata =D. striatella =Liburnia sugarcane), serealia Republic of Korea (South Korea), akashiensis =L. devastans =L. lainnya (other cerealia), Philippines, Taiwan,Tajikistan, gifuensis =L. haupti =L. Triticum (wheat), Triticum Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam maikoensis =L. marginata =L. aestivum (gandum, wheat), Europe: Austria, Belgium, minonensis =L. nipponica =L. Zea mays (jagung, corn), Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, striatella); Hemiptera: Dactylis glomerata Czech, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, Delphacidae; smaller brown (orchardgrass), Digitaria France, Germany, Hungary, planthopper ciliaris (southern Ireland, Italy, Sardinia, Moldova, crabgrass), Echinochloa Montenegro, Macedonia, (barnyardgrass), Lolium Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, (ryegrasses), Poa annua Romania, Russia, Spain, Swedia, (annual meadowgrass), Switzerland, Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK Oceania:Federated states ofMicronesia,Northern Mariana Islands 25. Liriomyza chinensisKato; II Allium cepa (bawang batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi Diptera: Agromyzidae; bombai, onion) Asia: Japan, Malaysia, China, pengorok daun/onion leaves Singapore. miner Europe: France, Germany 26. Liriomyza trifoliiBurgess; II Abelmoschus esculentus batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (=Agromyza phaseolunata (okra, lady’s finger), Africa: Benin, Ivory Coast, Egypt, =Liriomyza alliovora =L. Ageratum, Allium spp Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, phaseolunata =Oscinis trifolii); (onions, garlic, leek,etc) Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Diptera: Agromyzidae; Allium sativum (bawang Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, penggorok daun (leaves), putih, garlic), Arachys Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, serpentine leaf miner, hypogaea (kacang tanah, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, American serpentine leaf peanut), Aster, Beta Zimbabwe. miner, chrysanthemum leaf vulgaris var. saccharifera America: Argentina, Bahamas, miner (bit gula, sugarbeet), Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, British Bidens(burmarigold), Virgin Islands, Canada, Chile, Brassica rapa cultivar Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
402 group Mizuna, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Brassicarapa subsp. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, chinensis (pak-choi, Guatemala, Guyana, Martinique, Chinese cabbage), Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Peru, Chrysanthemum spp, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Chrysanthemum morifolium Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United (chrysanthemum (florists), State Virgin Island, Hawaii, Capsicum annuum (cabai Venezuela. besar, paprika, bell- Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, pepper, hot pepper, Jordan, Republic of Korea (South chilies), Callistephus, Korea), Lebanon, Oman, Cucumis melo (melon, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, melon), Cucumis sativus Turkey, United Arab Emirates, (mentimun, cucumber), Vietnam, Yemen. Cucurbita pepo (labu Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia kuning, zucchini), and Herzegovina,Croatia, Cyprus, Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Dahlia, Dendranthema, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Dianthus, Gaillardia, Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal, Gerbera(barbeton daisy), Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Glycine max (kedelai, Slovenia, Spain, soyabean), Switzerland,Serbia. Gossypium(cotton), Oceania: American Samoa, Gossypium hirsutum Australia, Federated states of (kapas, cotton), Micronesia, Guam, Northern Gypsophila(baby’s breath), Mariana Islands, Samoa, Tonga. Helianthus(sunflower), Nasturtium officinale (selada air, watercress), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lathyrus (Vetchling), Solanumlycopersicum(toma
403 t, tomato), Medicago sativa(alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus spp. Phaseolus (beans),Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum(pea), Polyphagous (polyphagous), Salvia(sage), Senecio(grounsel), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea(spinach), Tagetes(marigold), Tropaeolum, Trifolium(cengkeh, clovers),Trifolium repens(white clover), Vicia (vetch), Vigna unguiculata(kacang panjang, cowpea), ZinniaAllium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium schoenoprasum (chives), Alstroemeria (inca lily), Ambrosia (ragweed), Antirrhinum (snapdragon),
404 Apium graveolens var. dulce (bleached celery), Arachis, Artemisia (wormwoods), Avena sativa (oats), Baccharis, Basella, Bellis,Cassia (sennas), Centaurea (knapweed),Carthamus, Cestrum (jessamine), Chenopodium (goosefoot), Chrysanthemum indicum (chrysanthemum), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Crataegus (hawthorns), Crotalaria, Cucurbita maxima (labu, giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Erigeron(fleabane), Eupatorium, Gazania, Gladiolus hybrids(sword lily), Glycine, Hordeum(barleys), Ipomoea (morning glory), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Linaria(toadflax),Luffa acutangula (angled luffa),Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Macrotyloma, Malva (mallow), Medicago, Macrotyloma, Melilotus
405 (melilots), Mollucella, Ocimum, Primula(primrose), Phlox, Physalis (groundcherry), Ricinus, Ricinuscommunis (castor bean), Sonchus (sowthistle), Taraxacum (dandelion), Tithonia, Tragopogon (goat’s-beard), Tribulus (caltrop), Trigonella, Typha (reedmace), Verbena (vervain), Xanthium (cocklebur) 27. Paraeucosmetus II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), batang, jerami, Indonesia:Maluku (Buru), Maluku pallicornisDallas (=Gyndes Graminae bulir Utara, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, NTT pallicornis =Pachybrachius Asia: Malaysia, Philippines pallicornis); Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae (sumber: multidisplinary microbial ecology). 28. Paraleyrodes mineiLaccarino; II Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus bagian tanaman Indonesia: Jawa Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; aurantium, Citrus limon, Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, nesting whitefly Citrus paradisi, Citrus Syria reticulata, Persea America:Belize, Bemuda, Colombia, americana, Cocos nucifera Dominican Republic, Guatemala, (kelapa) Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA Eropa: Italy, Portugal, Spain, Turkey
406 29. Pectinophora gossypiella II Abelmoschus moschatus buah, biji, tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa Tenggara (Saund).; (=Depressaria (okra, lady’s finger), Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, gossypiella =Ephestia Abutilon spp. (Indian Sulawesi gossypiella mallow), Abutilon indicum Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, =Gelechiagossypiella (country mallow), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, =Gelechiella gossypiella Gossypium, Gossypium Central African Republic, Chad, DR =Platyedra gossypiella); hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae; pink Hibiscus spp. Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, bollworm, pink cotton (rosemallows), Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, bollworm Hibiscuscannabinus Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, (kenaf), Hibiscussabdariffa Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, (jamaica sorrel), Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Malvaceae, Medicago Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, sativa(alfalfa, lucerne) Uganda, Zimbabwe. Althaea (hollyhocks), America: Antigua and Barbuda, Gossypium arboreum Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, (cotton, tree), Gossypium British Virgin Islands, Bolivia, herbaceum (short staple Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, cotton), Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United State Virgin Island, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Laos,
407 Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen. Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Malta,Montenegro,Romania, Russia, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Pacific Islands (US), Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu. 30. Phenacoccus manihotiMatile- II Manihot esculenta (ubi batang, daun, Indonesia: Jawa Ferraro; Hemiptera: kayu, cassava) bunga Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Pseudococcidae; cassava Boerhavia diffusa (red Central African, DR Congo,Congo, mealybug spiderling), Capsicum spp. Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Citrus, Cyperus (flatsedge), Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- Euphorbia pulcheririma Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, (pointsettia), Glycine max Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, (kedelai, soyabean), Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Ipomoea batatas (sweet Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, potato), Manihot glaziovii South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, (ceara rubber), Sida acuta Togo, Uganda,Zanzibar, Zambia, (sida), Solanum Zimbabwe (nightshade), Solanum America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, lycopersicum (tomat, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay tomato) Asia: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
408 31. Phenacoccus solenopsis; II Abelmoschus esculentus buah, batang, Indonesia Jawa Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; (okra, lady’s finger), Carica daun, tanaman Afrika: Benin, Cameroon, Egypt, cotton mealybug papaya (pepaya, papaw) Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Reunion, Abutilon indicum (country Senegal mallow), Abutilon muticum, America:Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Acacia leucophloea (white- Canada, Caribbean, Cayman barked acacia), Acacia Island, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, modesta, Acalypha Dominican Republic, Ecuador, wilkesiana, Achillea Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, (milfoil), Achyranthes Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, aspera (devil’s horsewhip), Panama, USA Aerva javanica, Ageratum Asia: Cambodia, China, India, Iran, conyzoides (billy goat Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, weed), Albizia lebbeck Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam (indian siris), Althaea Europe:Cyprus, Netherlands (hollyhocks), Amaranthus Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia flavus, Amaranthus virisis (slender amaranth), Ambrosia (ragweed), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Ambrosia confertifolia, Ambrosia dumosa, Ambrosia psilostachya (parennial ragweed), Ambrosia tenuifolia, Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel), Aphelandra squarrosa (zebra plant), Artemisia annua, Asclepias (silkweed), Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus
409 fern), Atriplex canescens (Fourwing saltbush), Azadirachta indica (neem tree), Bassia indica, Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia), Bidens pilosa (blackjack), Blumea lacera, Boerhavia repens, Bombax ceiba (silk cotton tree), Bougainvillea glabra, Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Calotropis procera (apple of sodom), Capparis decidua, Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies), Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum), Celosia argentea (celosia), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Cestrum diurnum, Cestrum nocturnum (night scented cestrum), Cevallia sinuata, Chenopodium album (fat hen), Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot), Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Cichorium intybus
410 (chicory), Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cleome viscosa (yellow mesambay), Clerodendrum inerme, Coleus blumei (common coleus), Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Convolvulus prostratus, Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane), Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane), Corchorus antichorus, Corchorus trilocularis, Cressa cretica, Croton sparciflorum, Cucumis tetragona, Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Cuscuta reflexa (dodder), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge), Dalbergia sissoo, Datura metel (Hindu datura), Daucus
411 carota (wortel, carrot), Digera muricata Duranta erecta (Pigeonberry), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower), Encelia farinosa, Enceliopsis, Eragrostis minor, Eriophyllum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum), Euphorbia (spurges), Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge), Euphorbia prostrata, Euphorbia trigona, Fagonia cretica,Ficus benghalensis (banyan), Ficus carica (fig), Ficus virens (grey fig), Franseria, Gardenia jasminoides (cape jasmine), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium arboreum (cotton tree),Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Hamelia patens, Helianthus (sunflower), Helianthus annuus (bunga
412 matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Heliotropium europaeum (common heliotrope), Heliotropium strigosum,Herissantia crispa, Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose), Hibiscus rosa- sinensis (China-rose), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morningglory), Jacquemontia pentantha, Jasminum cuspidatum, Jasminum sambac (arabian jasmine),Jatropha integerrima, Kallstroemia brachystylis, Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd),Lagerstroemia indica (indian crape myrtle), Lantana camara (lantana), Launia nudicaulis, Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet), Lepidium didymum,Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Lupinus spp., Lycium chinense (chinese wolfberry), Malva
413 parviflora, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Morus alba (murbei, mullberry),Medicago polymorpha (rough medick), Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree),Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Melilotus indica (Indian sweetclover), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd),Morus alba (mora), Nerium oleander (oleander), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimumbasilicum (basil), Orobanche (broomrape), Oxalis corniculata (creep ing woodsorrel (USA)), Panax, Parthenium, Partheniumhysterophorus (parthenium weed), Persicaria glabra, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date-
414 palm), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Phyllanthus niruri (seed- under-the-leaf),Physalis (Groundcherry), Physalis alkekengi, Piper betle (betel pepper),Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia (Mexican frangipani), Polyalthea longifolia, Polygonumbarbatum (knot grass), Portulacagrandiflora(rose moss),Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Quisqualis indica, Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Ruellia squarrosa,Rumex dentatus, Salsola baryosma, Salvadora oleoides, Salvia officinalis (commonsage), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Solanum spp., Sesbania sesban (sesban), Setcreasea pallida, Sida rhombifolia, Sida urens, Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba),Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf
415 nightshade), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum muricatum (melon pear),Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade), Solanum spp., Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum virginianum, Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle),Spermacoce, Suaeda (sea blite), Suaeda nigra, Synsepalum dulcificum, TabernaeMontanadivaricat a, Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion), Tecoma stans (yellow bells),Tinospora cordifolia,Trianthema portulacastrum (horse purslane), Trianthema triquetra, Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine), Trigonella polycerata, Urena lobata (caesar weed), Verbena officinalis,
416 Withania somnifera (poisonous gooseberry), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) 32. Phragmataecia II Saccharum officinarum batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera castaneaeHubner;(=Phragmata (tebu, sugarcane), Asia: China, Malaysia. ecia castaneae); Saccharum spontaneum Europe: Bulgaria,Finland, Italy, Lepidoptera: Cossidae; giant (glagah, wild sugarcane) Russian stem borer Paspalum, Saccharum robustum, Sorghum propineum 33. Phragmataecia gummata II Saccharum officinarum batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera Swinhoe.; (=Phragmataecia (tebu, sugarcane), Asia: Malaysia parvipunctus); Lepidoptera: Saccharum spontaneum Cossidae; giant stem borer (glagah, wild sugarcane) 34. Pineus boerneri (Annand; II Pinus canariensis (Canary batang, kayu Indonesia: Kalimantan, Sumatera, (=Pineus pini sensu lato= pine), Pinus caribaea Jawa Anisophleba pini= (Caribbean pine),Pinus Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Aphis pini =Kermaphis pini var. contorta (lodgepole pine), Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, laevis =Kermes pini =Pineus Pinus elliottii (slash pine), Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe havrylenkoi = Pinus halepensis (Aleppo America: Argentina, USA (Hawaii), Pineus laevis =Pineus pini = pine),Pinus hartwegii Chile Pineus simmondsi =Pineus (Hartweg pine),Pinus Asia: China, Geogia (Republic of), sylvestris); Hemiptera; kesiya (khasya pine), Pinus Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Adelgidae; pine woolly aphid massoniana (masson pine), Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Pinus maximinoi (thin-leaf Taiwan, Turkey pine), Pinus montezumae Europe: Czech Republic, Finland, (montezuma pine), Pinus France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, mugo (mountain pine), Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland,
417 Pinus muricata (bishop Spain, Slovakia Republic, Sweden, pine), Pinus oocarpa (ocote UK pine), Pinus patula Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (Mexican weeping pine), Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine),Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine),Pinus taiwanensis (Taiwan pine), Pinus teocote (twisted leaf pine),Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine), Pinus densiflora,Pinus merkusii, Pinus pungens, Pinus roxburghii. Pinus arizonica, Pinus canariensis, Pinus caribaea, Pinus clausa, Pinus cooperi, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus durangensis, Pinus echinata, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus glabra, Pinus greggii, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus lawsonii,Pinus leiophylla, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus michoacana, Pinus montezumae, Pinus
418 occidentalis, Pinus palustris, Pinus patula, Pinus pinea, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus radiata, Pinus rigida, Pinus serotina, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus taeda, Pinus taiwanensis, Pinus teocote, Pinus virginiana (scrub pine) 35. Planococcus deceptorBetn.; II Annona muricata (sirsak, batang, daun, Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan, (=Dactylopius coffeae soursop), Bauhinia(camel’s akar, buah Lampung =Dactylopius crotonis foot), Coffea spp. (kopi, segar, tanaman Africa: Comoros, Kenya, =Planococcus crotonis = P. coffee), Coffea arabica Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, lilacinus =P. tayabanus (kopi arabika, arabica Seychelles. =Pseudococcus coffeae =P. coffee), Coffea canephora America: Dominican Republic, El crotonis =P. deceptor =P. (kopi robusta, robusta Salvador, Guyana, Haiti. lilacinus Cork =P. tayabanus coffee), Ceiba pentandra Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei =Tylococcus mauritiensis ); (kapok randu, kapok), Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Hemiptera: Pseudo coccidae; Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Cocos Islands, India, Japan, Laos, cacao mealybug, coffee Psidium guajava (jambu Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, mealybug biji, guava), Theobroma Philippines, Sri Lanka, cacao (kakao, cocoa) Taiwan,Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen. Annona squamosa Oceania: Federated States of (srikaya, sweetsop), Micronesia, Guam, Northern Bambusa vulgaris Mariana Islands, Papua New (common Guinea. bamboo), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Mangifera
419 indica (mangga, mango), Punica granatum(delima, pomegranate), Tamarindus indica (asam jawa, tamarind), Vitis (grape) 36. Postelectrotermes militaris II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) batang, akar Indonesia: Jawa. Desneux; (=Calotermes Acacia decurrens(green Asia: Sri Lanka. militaris = Neotermes militaris wattle), Casuarina =Termes militaris); Isoptera: equisetifolia(casuarina), Kalotermidae; dry wood Cedrus (cedars), termite Cinnamomum camphora (kamfer, camphor), Cryptomeria japonica(japanese cedar), Erythrina subumbrans(december tree), Eucalyptus spp., Eucalyptus robusta(swamp mahogany), Grevillea robusta(silky oak), Stenocarpus salignus(beefwod), Tephrosia vogelii(vogel’s tephrosia), 37. Rhabdoscelus obscurus Bolsd.; II Saccharum officinarum batang Indonesia: Maluku,Papua, (=Calandra obscura (tebu, sugarcane) Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Barat. =Rhabdocnemis fausti=R. Areca catechu (pinang, America: USA (Hawaii). interruptocostatus=R. betelnut palm), Arecaceae Asia: China, Christmas Island maculata=R. nudicollis=R. (plants of the palm family), (Indian Ocean), Japan, Malaysia,Sri obscura=R. promissus=R. Cocos nucifera (kelapa, Lanka, Taiwan maculatus=Rhabdoscelis coconut), Carica papaya Oceania: American Samoa, obscura =Sphenophorus (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Australia, Cook Islands, Federated
420 beccarii=S. insularis=S. Metroxylon sagu (sagu, States of Micronesia (Caroline interruptecostatus =S. sago palm), Musa spp. Islands), Fiji, French Polynesia, nudicollis=S. promissus=S. (pisang, banana), Musa x Palau, Guam, Marshall Islands, sulcipes=S. tincturatus=S. paradisiaca (pisang kepok, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, obscurus); Coleoptera: plantain), Poacecae Northern Mariana Islands, Papua Dryophthoridae; beetle borer, (grasses), Strelitzia reginae New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon cane weevil borer, New Guinea (Queens bird-of-paradise), Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu. cane weevil borer, sugarcane Zea mays (jagung, corn) weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane weevil, Hawaiian sugarcane borer, cane weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane weevil 38. Sesamia grisescensWarren.; II Saccharum officinarum batang Indonesia: Papua, Maluku. Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; (tebu, sugarcane), Oryza Oceania: Papua New Guinea. sesamia borer, pink sugarcane sativa (padi, paddy ), Zea borer mays (jagung, corn) Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Saccharum edule, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) 39. Sexava coriaceaLinn.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, buah, tanaman, Indonesia: Sulawesi, Kep. Sangihe, Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; coconut) daun, rimpang, Talaud, Kep. Banggai, Maluku, belalang sexava, sexava Orchidaceae (anggrek, sabut, tanah. Maluku Utara, Papua grasshopper orchids), Asplenium nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (sagu,
421 sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 40. Sexava karnyi Lfs.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, tanaman, buah, Indonesia: Sulawesi (Tengah: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; coconut) daun, rimpang, Kepulauan Togean & Una-una), ) belalang sexava,sexava Orchidaceae (anggrek, sabut, tanah grasshopper orchids), Asplenium nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 41. Sexava nubila Stal.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, tanaman, buah, Indonesia: Sulawesi (Utara), Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; coconut) daun, rimpang, Kepulauan Sangihe dan Talaud, belalang sexava, sexava grass Orchidaceae (anggrek, sabut, tanah Maluku (Seram, Buru), Papua,, hopper, coconut treehopper orchids), Asplenium nidus Biak, Papua (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Oceania: Papua New Guinea. Salacca edulis (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca
422 catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 42. Thosea monolancha Meyrick (= II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, bagian tanaman Indonesia: Sulawesi, Papua, Thosea moluccana); coconut), Elaeis guineensis Sumatera, Maluku, Maluku Utara Lepidoptera: Limacodidae (kelapa sawit, oil palm) Asia: Philippines Oceania: Papua New Guinea
II. TUNGAU (MITES) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ MEDIA KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No. PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ / GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Aceria guerreronis Keifer; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, buah, bagian Indonesia:Sulawesi, Kepulauan (=Eriophyes guerreronis); coconut), Sygarus tanaman di atas Riau, Kalimantan Timur, Ternate, Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; romanzoffiana (queen tanah Papua (Biak) coconut mite palm) Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Borassus flabellifer (toddy Coast, Gambia, Mozambique, palm),Lytocaryum Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, weddellianum Tanzania, Togo America: Anguilla, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Costa Rica Asia: India, Malaysia, Maldives,
423 Philippines, Sri Lanka, Oman Europe: Hungary, Poland Oceania: Australia 2. Calacarus II Camellia japonica, tanaman dan Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera carinatusGreen;(=Calacarus Capsicum spp., Viburnum bagian tanaman Africa: Kenya, Mauritius adornatus =Eriophyes carinatus spp. di atas tanah America: USA =Phyyocoptes carinatus Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) Asia: Cambodia, Georgia =Phytoptus carinatus (Republic), India, Indochina, =Typhlodromus Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, carinatus)Eriophyidae, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Arachnida; purple mite, purple Europe: Spain tea mite, ribbed tea mite Oceania:Australia, New Zealand. 3. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein.; II Citrus, Abelmoschus bagian tanaman Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa Barat (=Anychus latus =A. orientalis esculentus (okra, lady’s di atas tanah Africa: Cape Verde, Egypt, =A.ricini =Eutetranychus finger), Codiaeum Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, anneckei =E. latus =E.monodi variegatum, Carica papaya Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, =E.sudanicus); (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Prostigmata:Tetranychidae; Ficus carica (ara, fig), Sudan, Swaziland citrus brown mite, oriental Gossypium barbadens Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, mite, oriental red mite, oriental (kapas, cotton), Morus alba China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, spider mite (murbei, mulberry), Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Nephelium lappaceum Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, (rambutan, rambutan), Thailand, Turkey, Yemen Plumeria, Ricinus Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Spain communis, Solanum Oceania: Australia melongena (terung, eggplant), Phaleria macrocarpa (mahkota dewa) Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
424 plantain), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Prunus amygdalus (almon, almond), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Caladium spp. (keladi) 4. Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner); II Camellia sinensis, Coffea daun, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (=Acarus coffeae spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea Africa:Congo, DR Congo, Egypt, =Matatetranychus bioculatus arabica(kopi arabika, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, =Oligonychus bioculatus =O. arabica coffee) Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania. merwei =Paratetranychus Anacardium occidentale, America: Colombia, Costa Rica, bioculatus =P. terminalis Citrus, Cinnamomum Ecuador, USA =Tetranychus camphora, Corchorus Asia: Bangladesh, China, Georgia bioculatus)Prostigmata: capsularis, Elaeis (Republic), India, Japan, Myanmar, Tetranychidae; tea red spider guineensis(kelapa sawit, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, mite, red coffee mite oilpalm), Eucalyptus Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. globulus, Gossypium, Europe: Russia Hevea brasiliensis(karet, Oceania:Australia. rubber tree), Indigovera, Lagerstroemia, Manihot esculenta(ubi kayu, cassava), Mangifera indica(mangga, mango), Morus alba(murbei, mulberry), Vigna mungo, Ricinus communis(jarak kepyar, castor oil bean), Terminalia catappa, Vitis vinifera(anggur grapevine) 5. Phyllocoptruta oleivora II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) daun, buah, Indonesia: Jawa Ashmead; (=Ariphyes oleivorus batang Africa: Angola, Congo, Kenya,
425 =Phyllocoptes oleivorus Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, =Phyllocoptrata oleivorus Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, =Typhidromus oleivorus); Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; Uganda, Zambia citrus rust mite, buckskin, America:Argentina, Bermuda, mite lemons Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordania, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Europe: Cyprus, Italy, Malta, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Zealand 6. Raoiella indica Hirst; II Areca catechu (pinang, buah, daun, Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae; Betelnut palm), Cocos batang, bagian (Tarakan), Ternate Selatan, red palm mite,coconutmite, nucifera (Kelapa, tanaman di atas Lombok frond crimson mite, leaflet false coconut),Dictyosperma tanah Africa:Benin, Egypt, Mauritius, spider mite, red date palm album,Heliconia sp. (flower Reunion, Sudan, Tanzania mite, scarlet mite banana), Musa spp. America: Barbados, Brazil, (pisang, banana), Phoenix Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, dactylifera (date palm), Dominican Republic, Grenada, Acer (maple), guadaloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Acoelorrhaphe wrightii, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Adonidia arecina, Aiphanes Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the minima, Aplinia purpurata Grenadines, United States Virgin
426 (red ginger), Alpinia vittata, Island, Venezuela Alpinia zerumbet, Asia: India, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Archontophoenix Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri alexandrae, Arenga Lanka, Thailand, United Arab pinnata (sugar palm), Emirates Bactris plumeriana, Beccariophoenix madagascariensis, Bismarckia nobilis, Butia capitata, Calathea arundinacea (variegated calatea), Calathea lutea (calathea), Caryota mitis, Chamaedorea, Coccothrinax argentata, Coccothrinax mitaguama, Corypha umbtaculifera, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Cycas, Cyrtostahys renda, Dypsis decaryi, Dypsis lutescens, Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, African oil palm), Elaeondendron transvaalense, Ettingera elatior, Eucalyptus deglupta, Eugenia uniflora, Heliconia, Heliconia caribaea,Heliconia caribaea x bihai, Heliconia episcopalis, Heliconoa latispatha, Heliconia marginata, Heliconia
427 psittacorum, Heliconia rostrata, Latania lontaroides, Licuala grandis, Licualaspinosa, Livistonis chinensis, Microcycas calocoma,Ocimum basilicum, Pandanus utilis, Phaseolus, Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix reclinata, Phoenix roebelenii, Phoenix rupicola, Pritchardia pacifica, Pritchardia vuylestekeana, Pseudophoenix vinifera, Ptychosperma elegans, Ptychosperma macarrthuri, Ravenala madagascariensis, Renealmia alpinia, Renealmia aurantifera, Rhapis excelsa, Roystonea borinquena, Sabal black \burniana, Sabal mauritiformis, Schippia concolor, Strelitzia reginae, Syagrus romanzoffianum, Syagrus schizophylla, Thrinax radiata, Veitchia arecina, Veitchia merrillii, Washingtonia filifera, Washingtonia robusta, Wodyetia bifurcata,Zingiber
428 officinale (jahe, ginger), palmae 7. Tenuipalpus orchidarum Parfitt; II Orchidaceae (anggrek, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae; orchids) red mite of orchid
III. KEONG (SNAIL) DAN SIPUT (SLUG) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ MEDIA KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN DAERAH SEBAR / No INANG/ HOSTS PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ / GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. PilapolitaJeshayes; II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy), tanaman Indonesia:Sumatera, Jawa(Timur) (=Ampularia pagoda); berbagai tumbuhan air Asia: Thailand, Kambodia, India, Ampullariidae; Apple snail tawar China 2. Pomaceainsularum; II Tumbuhanair tanaman, Indonesia:Kalimantan Ampullariidae; (aquaticplants), berbagai bagian tanaman America: South America Island apple snail tipe vegetasi tanaman (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay) Asia: Thailand
IV. NEMATODA (NEMATODES) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA MEDIA UMUM/ GOLONGAN INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ / GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Aphelenchoides besseyi I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy biji, umbi, Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa, (Christie); (=Aphelenchoides tidak ), Fragaria ananassa daun, stolon, Kalimantan (Selatan). oryzae diproses (stroberi, strawberry), batang, tanah Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso,
429 =Asteroaphelenchoides II. jika MP Oryza glaberrima (African Burundi, Cameroon, Central besseyi); Aphelenchida: diproses rice) African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Aphelenchoididae; pucuk Allium cepa (bawang Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gabon, putih padi / rice leaf bombay, onion), Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, nematode, white tip Chrysanthemum Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, nematode of rice, summer morifolium (krisan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South crimp nematode chrysanthemum), Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Colocasia esculenta (talas, Zambia, Zimbabwe. taro), Cyperus iria (rice America: Brazil, Cuba, Dominica, flatsedge), Digitaria Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El sanguinalis (large Salvador, Guadeloupe, Mexico, crabgrass), Dioscorea Panama, USA, Hawaii (yam), Dioscorea trifida Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, (cushcush yam), Glycine Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, max (kedelai, soyabean), Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, North Hibiscus (rosemallows), Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, sweet potato), Polianthes Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, tuberosa (tuberose), Zea Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, mays (jagung, corn), Oryza Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. breviligulata, Setaria Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, viridis(green foxtail) Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea. 2. Aphelenchoides fragariae I: jika MP Fragaria ananassa biji, buah, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat/Bogor, (Ritzema Bos) (Chriestie); tidak (stroberi, strawberry), bunga, batang, Banten, Sukabumi, DKI Jakarta) (=Aphelenchoides diproses Lilium spp., Anthurium stolon, daun, America: Canada, Cuba, Mexico, olesistus=A.olesistus var. II. jika MP andreanum, Rhododendron umbi, bagian USA longicollis =A.pseudolesistus diproses spp. (azaleas), Barleria vegetatif, Asia: China, India, Israel, South =Aphelenchus fragariae cristata(philippine violet), pupuk Korea, Kirgyztan, Japan, Turkey =A.olesistus =A.olesistus var. Begonia spp., Chloranthus kandang, Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, longicollis =A.pseudolesistus); spicatus, Hibiscus rosa – tanah Denmark, Estonia, France,
430 Aphelenchoididae; bud and sinensis (kembang sepatu, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, leaf nematode, fern china-rose), Hosta spp., Latvia, Moldovia, Netherlands, nematode, strawberry crimp Hydrangea Norway, Portugal, Poland, Russia, nematode, strawberry spring macrophylla(French Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, dwarf nematode hydrangea), Maranta Sweden, Ukraine, UK leuconeura(Banded Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, arrowroot), Peony, Papua New Guinea Pimpinella diversifolia, Primula sp., Psychotria nervosa, Rhododendron simsii(Sim's azalea), Ruscus hypophyllum, Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet), Saxifraga spp.(saxifrage), Tolmiea menziesii(pick-a-back plant), Veronica arvensis(Corn speedwell), Viola odorata(English violet), Wulfenia carinthiaca, Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto, king of bitter plant) Cornus Canadensis(creeping dogwood), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Ficus macrophylla(moreton Bay fig), Lamium maculatum(Spotted deadnettle), Prunus persica (persik, peach),
431 Anigozanthos sp., Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Asplenium nidus (bird’s- nest fern), Capsella bursa- pastoris(shepherd's purse), Chenopodium album(fat hen), Cobotium chamissoi, Erigeron annuus(annual fleabane), Ficus elastic(rubber plant), Western Sword-fern, Polygonum blumei(tufted knotweed (USA)), Pteris spp., Rorippa atrovirens, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Stellaria media(common chickweed), Ageratum conyzoides (babadotan), Acalypha lanceolata (pulus hayam), Oxalys sepium (calincing), Borreria sp., Lindernia sp. (gulma daun sirih), Pleocnemia sp. 3. Ditylenchus angustus (Bul)l.; I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, biji, bunga, Indonesia:Jawa, Kalimantan (=Anguillulina angusta tidak rice) daun, bibit, (Selatan). =Tylenchus diproses Echinochloa colona batang, jerami, Asia: Bangladesh, India, Malaysia,
432 angustus);Anguinidae; rice II. jika MP (junglerice), Leersia tanah Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, stem nematode, ufra disease diproses hexandra (southern cut Vietnam. grass), Sacciolepsis interrupta 4. Globodera pallida (Stone) I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum umbi, alat Indonesia: JawaTengah (Dieng, Mulvey & Stone; tidak (kentang, potato), pertanian, Cilacap, Banjarnegara); Jawa Barat (=Heterodera pallida); diproses Lycopersicum esculentum pupuk organik, (Bandung), Jawa Timur (Batu, Heteroderidae; white cyst II. jika MP (tomat, tomato), Solanum tanah Malang) nematode, pale potato cyst diproses melongena (terung, Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, nematode, potato cyst eggplant) America: Argentina, Bolivia, nematode, potato root Datura (thorn-apple), Canada, Chile, Columbia, Costa eelworm Datura stramonium Rica, Falkland Islands, Ecuador, (kecubung, jimsonweed), Panama, Peru, Venezuela, USA Hyoscyamus niger (black Asia: India, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey henbane), Lycopersicon Europe: Austria, Belgium, pimpinellifolium(currant Netherlands, Bosnia-Hercegovina, tomato), Oxalis tuberosa, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Solanum acaule, Solanum Cyprus, Denmark, France, Faroe americanum, Solanum Islands, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, aviculare (kangaroo apple), Italy, Iceland, Germany, Latvia, Solanum cardiophyllum, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Solanum ehrenbergii, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Solanum gilo(gilo), Romania, Serbia, Spain, Slovenia, Solanum indicum, Solanum Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine mauritianum(tree tobacco), Oceania: New Zealand. Solanum marginatum(white-edged nightshade), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Solanum oplocense, Solanum quitoense(Narangillo), Solanum sarrachoides
43 3 (green nightshade (UK)), Solanum scabrum, Solanum spegazzinii, Solanum aviculare, Solanum sarrachoides.
5. Globodera rostochiensis I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum biji, umbi, akar Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Bandung), (Wollenweber) Mulvey & tidak (kentang, potato), akar, tanah, Jawa Tengah (Banjarnegara), Jawa Stone; (=Heterodera scachtii diproses Lycopersicum esculentum umbi, batang Timur (Batu, Malang) Sulawesi solani = H. Scachtii II. jika MP (tomat, tomato), Solanum Selatan (Jeneponto, Gowa) rostochiensis =H. diproses melongena (terung, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sierra Rostochiensis = eggplant) Leone, South Africa, Tunisia. Heteroderidae; nematoda Datura America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, sista (kentang) / golden cyst stramonium(jimsonweed), Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, nematode, potato golden Lycopersicon Panama, Peru, USA, Venezuela. nematode pimpinellifolium (currant Asia: Armenia, India, Iran, Japan, tomato), Solanum Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, (nightshade), Solanum Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, aviculare (kangaroo apple), Turkey. Solanum gilo (gilo), Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Solanum indicum (Indian Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Nightshade), Solanum Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech marginatum (white-edged Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe nightshade), Solanum Islands, Finland, France, Germany, mauritianum (tree Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, tobacco), Solanum nigrum Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, (black nightshade), Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Solanum quitoense Netherlands, Norway, Poland, (Narangillo), Solanum Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, sarrachoides(green Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, nightshade (UK)) Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand,
434 Norfolk Island. 6. Hemicriconemoides I: jika MP Citrus spp. (jeruk, akar, bibit, Indonesia: Jawa. mangiferaeSiddiqi; tidak orange), Nephelium litchii bonggol, tanah Africa:Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ghana, (=Hemicriconemoides diproses (leci, lychee), Mangifera Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan. birchfieldi) Criconematidae; II. jika MP indica (mangga, mango), America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, sheath nematode diproses Musa spp. (pisang, Dominica, Ecuador, banana), Zea mays Grenada,Mexico, Peru, Saint Kitts (jagung, corn), rumput- and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad rumputan (Poaceae) and Tobago, USA, Venezuela. Alnus (alders), Ananas Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei comosus (nenas, Darussalam, China, India, Iran, pineapple), Artocarpus Israel, South Korea, Oman, heterophyllus (nangka, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi jackfruit), Artocarpus Arabia, Thailand, Vietnam. integer (cempedak, Oceania:American Samoa, Fiji, New champedak), Anacardium Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, occidentale (cashew nut), Samoa, Tonga. Bambusa vulgaris (bambu, common bamboo), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya, papaw), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dimocarpus longan (longan tree), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Manilkara zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Persea americana (avokad, avocado) Phoenix
435 dactylifera (date-palm), Piper (pepper), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Rosa (mawar, roses), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Salix (willows), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Umbellularia californica(California laurel), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 7. Heterodera glycines I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai, akar, umbi, Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (Ichinohe); Heteroderidae; tidak soyabean) bibit, pupuk (Lampung). soyabean cyst nematode diproses Aeschynomene indica organik, Africa: Egypt. II. jika MP (Indian jointvetch), Beta peralatan America: Argentina, Brazil, diproses vulgaris (bit, beetroot), pertanian, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Cajanus cajan (kacang tanah Paraguay, Puerto Rico, USA. gude, pigeon pea), Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Fabaceae, Geranium, South Korea, North Korea, Kummerowia striata Mongolia. (Japanese lespedeza), Europe: Italy, Russia Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Lamium purpureum (purple deadnettel), Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza), Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine),
436 Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Penstemon, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sesbania exaltata (coffeebean (USA)), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Verbascum thapsus(Aaron's-rod), Vicia villosa, Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean) 8. Macroposthonia I: jika MP Syzygium aromaticum akar, tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera onoensis;Criconematidae; tidak (cengkeh, clove), Citrus, (Selatan, Lampung). ring nematode diproses Mangifera indica (mangga, America: Trinidad, Tobago. II. jika MP mango) Asia: India. diproses 9. M eloidogynegraminicola(Sled I: jika MP Oryzasativa(padi,paddy), akar, tanah Indonesia: Jawa(Yogyakarta, ge&Golden) tidak Poaceae (grasses), Serealia Tengah). Whitehead;Meloidogynidae;ri diproses Allium cepa Africa:South Africa ce rootknot nematode II. jika MP (bawangbombai, onion), America:Brazil, Colombia,USA diproses Alopecurus (foxtails), Asia:Bangladesh,China, Ammania pentandra, India,Laos,Malaysia,Myanmar,Nep Andropogon (beardgrass), al, Pakistan,Philippines,Singapore, Blumea, Brassica, Sri Lanka, Thailand,Vietnam Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage),
437 Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge), Cyperus procerus, Cyperus pulcherrimus, Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge), Digitaria filiformis (slender crabgrass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Fimbristylis complanata, Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush), Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis), Fuirena glomerata, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Grangea madraspatensis, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass), Ludwigia (waterprimrose), Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum
438 (ricegrass paspalum), Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Ranunculus (Buttercup), Scirpus articulatus, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sphaeranthus, Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 10. Meloidogyne hapla I: jika MP Actinidia chinensis akar, stolon, Indonesia: Jawa (Chitwood); Meloidogynidae; tidak (Chinese gooseberry), polong, umbi, Africa: Algeria, Ivory Coast, Egypt, northern root knot nematode diproses Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, II. jika MP tanah, groundnut), Beta Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, diproses vulgaris var. saccharifera Uganda, Zimbabwe (sugarbeet), Cichorium America: Argentina, Brazil, intybus (chicory), Daucus Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa carota (wortel, carrot), Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Fragaria ananassa Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, (stroberi, strawberry), USA, Venezuela Glycine max (kedelai, Asia: Armenia, China, Taiwan, soyabean), Lycopersicon India, Iran, Israel, Japan, esculentum (tomat, Kazakhstan, South of Korea, tomato), Medicago sativa Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, (alfalfa, lucerne), Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Pelargonium Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, (Pelargoniums), Rosa Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Mawar, rose), Solanum Europe: Belarus, Belgium, tuberosum (kentang, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, potato), Tanacetum Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland,
439 cinerariifolium France, Germany, Greece, (Phyretrum), Trifolium Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, (clover) Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Allium cepa (bawang Norway, Poland, Portugal, bombay, onion), Anemone Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, (windflower), Beta, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Brassica napus var. napus Croatia, Montenegro, Ukraine, UK, (rape), Brassica oleraceae Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia var. capitata (kubis, and Herzegovina, Montenegro, cabbage), Cajanus cajan Macedonia (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Camellia sinensis (teh, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea tea), Capsicumanuum (bell peper), Chenopodium quinona (quinona), Chrysanthemum spp. (daisy), Coffea (kopi, coffee), Cucumis (melon, melons, cucumbers, gerkins), Cyclamen, Dianthus caryophillus (Carnation), Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Mentha (mints), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europeae subsp. Europeae (zaitun, olive), Phaseolus (kacang, beans), Raphanus sativus
440 (radish), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Sinapsis alba (white mustard), Solanum (nightsade), Vicia (vetch), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 11. Pratylenc hus brachyurus I: jika MP Arachis hypogea (kacang akar, polong, Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh dan (Godfrey) Filipjev & tidak tanah, peanut), Ananas umbi, tanah Sumatera Barat), Jawa. Schuurmans Stekhoven; diproses comosus (nenas, Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, (=Pratylenchus pratensis); II. jika MP pineapple), Zea mays Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Pratylenchidae; smooth diproses (jagung, corn), Glycine max Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, headed nematode, root lesion (kedelai, soyabean), South Africa, Togo, Uganda, nematode Solanum tuberosum Zimbabwe. (kentang, potato), Camellia America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, sinensis (teh, tea), Vigna Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, French cylindrica (kacang Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, panjang, long bean), Citrus Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, spp. (jeruk, orange), Coffea Hawaii, Venezuela spp. (kopi, coffee), Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Gossypium hirsutum Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, (kapas, cotton), Hevea Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, brasiliensis (karet, rubber Turkey, Vietnam. tree), Dacryodes edulis Europe: Bulgaria, Russia. (kenari, African pear), Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Tonga. Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),Persea Americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Saccharum officinarum
441 (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa). 12. Pratylenchus loosi Loof; I: jika MP Camellia sinensis (teh, umbi, daun, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) Pratylenchidae; rootlesion tidak tea), Coffea spp. (kopi, bibit, batang, Africa: Senegal. nematode, meadow diproses coffee) stolon, bonggol, America:North America (USA, nematode, Loos' root lesion II. jika MP Abelmoschus moschatus akar, tanah Florida), Central America and nematode diproses (okra, lady’s finger), Citrus Caribbean (Guadeloupe), South spp. (jeruk, orange), America (Chile) Cinnamomum camphora, Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Convallaria spp., Dioscorea Japan, Iran, Sri Lanka, Taiwan spp., Diospyros kaki Europe:Bulgaria (kesemek, persimmon), Oceania:American Samoa, Fragaria ananassa Australia, New South Wales, Cook (stroberi, strawberry), Islands Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus avium, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn),
442 Acacia deccurens, Alternanthera sessilis, Artemisia vulgaris, Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus, Cestrum, Cymbopogon nardus, Cyperus, Cyperus rotundus, Grevillea robusta, Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum repens, Sesbania cannabina, Solanum nigrum, Tagetes, Tecoma stans, Tephrosia, Tithonia diversifolia
V. GULMA (WEEDS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No SCIENTIFIC NAME/ GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Asystasia gangetica (Nees) II Tanaman perkebunan (plantation crops), Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa (Barat), Ensermu; (=Asystasia Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil palm), Kalimantan (Timur, Barat) intrusa);Acanthaceae; chinese Hevea brasiliensis(karet,rubber) Africa: Daerah Tropis dan Sub violet Tropis. Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore Oceania: Guam
443 2. Cuphea balsamona Cham. & II Solanum tuberosum(kentang,potato), Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah, Jawa Schltdl.; (=Cuphea Brassicaoleracea(cabbage),Daucuscarota( Barat, Sumatera Barat carthagenensis); Lythraceae; wortel,carrot), tanaman sayuran America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, sete sangrías, colombian (vegetable crops) Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, wackweed Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Central America, Southern USA Asia: China, Malaysia 3. Rivina humilis L.;(=Rivina II Tanaman perkebunan (plantation crops) Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, Bali laevis); Phytolaccaceae; America: Southern USA, Karibia, pigeonberry, rouge plant, baby Central America, South America. peppers, bloodberry, coralito
VI. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/ FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/ PSEUDOFUNGI) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ MEDIA GOLONGAN/ INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No SCIENTIFIC NAME/ PEMBAWA/ GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON PATHWAY NAME 1. [a]: - I: jika MP Acacia decurrens (green umbi, buah, Indonesia: Jawa, [s]: CeratocystisfimbriataEllis tidak wattle), Acacia mangium media Kalimantan,Sumatera (Aceh, Riau). & Halst.; ( =Ceratostomella diproses (brown salwood), Acacia tanam, Africa: DR Congo, Ivory Coast, fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.) II. jika MP mearnsii (black wattle), daun, bibit, Ghana, Seychelles, South Africa, J.A. Elliott diproses Alocasia, Annona, Cajanus akar, batang Uganda. =Endoconidiophora cajan (pigeon pea), Camelia America: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.) sinensis (teh, tea), Carya Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican R.W. Davidson cordiformis (bitternut Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, =Ophiostoma fimbriatum hickory), Cassia javanica Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana,
444 (Ellis & Halst.) Nannf. (pink shower), Citrus, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, =Sphaeronaema fimbriatum Citrus aurantium (sour Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint (Ellis & Halst.) Sacc. orange), Coffea (coffee), Lucia, Saint Vincent and the =Rostrella coffeae Zimm. Coffea arabica (arabica Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad =Ophiostoma coffeae coffee), Coffea canephora and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, (Zimm.) Arx. =Ceratocystis (robusta coffee), Colocasia Venezuela. moniliformis f.sp. coffeae esculenta (taro), Crotalaria Asia: Brunei Darussalam, (Zimm.) =C. Moreau) juncea (sunn Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, hemp),Cortalaria, Daucus Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Sordariomycetes; Ceratocystis carota (carrot), Erythrina Korea Republic of (South Korea), wilt, cancer, or rot, blight, spp., Eucalyptus Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, black rot of sweet potato, (Eucalyptus tree), Fagus Thailand, Vietnam. mouldy rot of rubber, trunk (beeches), Ficus carica (fig), Europe: France, Italy, Poland, and branck canker of coffee, Gmelina arborea Portugal, Switzerland, UK. Penyakit layu,atau kanker, (candahar), Hevea Oceania: American Samoa, atau busuk, hawar brasiliensis (rubber), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua Hevea, Ipomoea batatas New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon (sweet potato), Ipomoea, Islands. Mangifera indica (mango), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Metroxylon, Myristica fragrans (pala), Pimenta dioica (Allspice), Populus (poplars), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus dulcis (almond), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree), Syngonium auritum, Syngonium podophyllum
445 (Arrowhead vine), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), Xanthosoma (cocoyam) 2. [a]: - I: jika MP Brassica oleracea var. biji, daun, Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (barat), [s]: Phoma lingam (Tode ex tidak capitata (kubis, cabbage), akar, batang Sulawesi (Selatan, Utara) Fr.)Desm.; ( =Phoma diproses Brassica spp., Argemone Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, brassicae Thüm. =Phoma II. jika MP mexicana, Astragalus Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, lingam (Tode) Desm. diproses adsurgens, Avena sativa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. =Phoma oleracea Sacc. Beta vulgaris, Cardamine America: Argentina, Brazil, =Phome napobrassicae bellidfolia, Clematis vitalba, Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Rostr. =Phyllosticta Eucalyptus globulus, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, brassicae (Curr.) Westend. Gentiana cruciata, Hibiscus Puerto Rico, USA, Hawaii. =Phyllosticta napi Sacc. rosa-sinensis, Iberis Asia: Armenia, China, Taiwan, =Plenodomus lingam (Tode) umbellata, Lobularia Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Höhn. =Pleospora maculans maritima, Lolium perenne, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Desm.) Tul. Matthiola incana, DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic =Sphaerialingam (Tode) Fr. Raphanus raphanistrum, R. of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, =Aphosphaeria brassicae sativus, R. sativus var. Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thum =Depazea sativus, Secale cereale, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey. brassicicola Desm. Sinapsis alba, Sisymbrium Europe: Austria,Belarus, Belgium, =Depazea vagans var. sp. Bulgaria, Czech Republic and brassicae J.J. Kickx Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, =Septoria brassicae Finland, France, Germany, Westend. & Wallays Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, =Phoma densiuscula Sacc. Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, & Roum. =Phoma lingam Netherlands, Norway, Poland, var. napobrassicae (Rostr.) Portugal, Romania, Russia, Grove =Plenodomus Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, rabenhorstii Preuss Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, =Sclerotium sphaeriaeforme Scotland. Lib. =Phyllosticta turritis Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, Lobik) =Leptosphaeria New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
446 maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not.; ( =Sphaeria maculans(Desm.) Sowerby ex Berk. & Broome) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Pangkal batang hitam(black leg), canker, dry rot, leaf spot 3. [a]: - I: jika MP Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang biji, daun, Indonesia: Jawa (Bogor) [s]:Phoma phaseoliDesmaz; ( tidak panjang, common bean), batang, Africa: South Africa =Phoma subcircinata Ellis & diproses Phaseolus spp., Capsicum media tanam America: Argentina, USA Everh. =Phoma subcirnata II. jika MP annuum (cabai, hot Asia: India =Phomopsis phaseoli diproses pepper, chilies, red Europe: Hungary,Italy, Romania =Sphaeria phaseolorum pepper), Capsicum sp., Oceania:Australia, New Zealand Cooke & Ellis =Diaporthe Glycine max (kedelai, phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) soybean), Helianthus Sacc; =Diaporthe batatas annuus (bunga matahari, Harter & E.C. Field sunflower), Vicia faba (faba =Diaporthe phaseolorum var. bean) batatatis (Harter & E.C. Brachyglottis repanda Field) Wehm.) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Lima bean pod blight, leaf spot of Lima bean, bean pod blight, bean stem blight, bean stem canker 4. [a]: - I: jika MP Solanum melongena buah, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Tengah, [s]: Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. tidak (terung, eggplant, batang, Timur) & P. Syd.) Harter(1914); diproses aubergine) cabang, Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Mauritius, (=Phoma vexans Sacc. & P. II. jika MP Solanum aculeatissimum, ranting, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Syd. (1899)=Diaporthe diproses Solanum incanum (grey daun, biji, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) bitter-apple), Solanum bunga, America:Antigua and Barbuda,
447 Gratz; =Ascochyta hortorum nigrum (black nightshade), media tanam Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, (Speg.) C.O. Sm. =Phoma solanum torvum (turkey Brazil, Canada,Colombia, Costa solani Halst. 1892 =Phoma berry), Solanum Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, vexans Sacc. & P. Syd. virginianum El Savador, Guadeloupe, =Phyllosticta hortorum Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Speg.) Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Rico, United States Virgin Island, Sordariomycetes; Blight of USA, Venezuela eggplant, Phomopsis rot of Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei eggplant, brown spot of Darussalam, China, India, Iran, eggplant, fruit rot of eggplant, Irak, Japan, Jordan, Korea tipover of eggplant Republic of, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan Europe: Romania Oceania:Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia 5. [a]: - I: jika MP Pogostemoncablin (Nilam) batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, [s]: Synchitrium tidak Sulawesi pogostemonisS.D. Patil & diproses Mahab. II. jika MP Chytridiomycota, diproses Chytridiomycetes; Kutil (Wart) 6. [a]: - I: jika MP Saccharum officinarum bunga, Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi [s]:Ustilago scitamineaSyd. tidak (tebu, sugarcane) daun, (Selatan) (Sydow); ( =Sporisorium diproses batang, Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, scitamineum (Syd.) M. II. jika MP Chad, Congo, DR Congo, Ivory Piepenbr., M. Stoll & diproses Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Oberw. =Ustilago sacchari Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Rabenh) Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Basidiomycota, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Ustilaginomycotina, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
448 Ustilaginomycetes; Sugarcane Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, pecut api, Sugarcane smut Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Former USSR, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Europe: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Portugal. Oceania: Australia, Fiji. 7. [a]: Alternaria cucumerina(Ell. I: jika MP Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus biji, daun, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) & Ev.) Elliott.; tidak lanatus (semangka, buah America: Argentina, USA (=Macrosporium diproses watermelon), Cucumis melo Asia: India cucumerinum Ellis & Everth. II. jika MP (melon, melon), Cucurbita =Alternaria brassicae var. diproses sp. (labu, pumpkin) nigrescens Peglion)
449 [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Cucumber blight, brown spot of cucumber, alternaria leaf blight 8. [a]: Botrytis alliiMunn; ( I: jika MP Allium ascalonicum biji, umbi Indonesia: Sumatera (Barat dan =Botrytis aclada Fresen. ) tidak (bawang merah, shallot), Lampung), Jawa. [s]:Botryotinia allii (Sawada) diproses Allium cepa (bawang Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, W. Yaman II. jika MP bombay, onion), Allium Tanzania, Zambia. Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses spp. America: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Leotiomycetes; Neck rot of Allium porrum (bawang Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, onions daun, leek), Allium sativum Jamaica, Panama, USA, Venezuela. (garlic) Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, schoenoprasum China, Taiwan, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Vietnam. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 9. [a]: Ephelis oryzae Syd.(1914);( I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), biji, akar, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Tengah), =Ephelis pallida Pat. ) tidak Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) daun, Sumatera (Utara, Barat, Aceh) [s]:Balansia oryzae-sativae diproses Cynodon dactylon batang, Africa: Sierra Leone Hashioka; ( =Balansia II. jika MP (Bermuda grass), ranting, America: USA
450 oryzae (Syd.) Naras. & diproses Echinochloa crus-galli bunga, Asia: China, India,Japan, Nepal Thirum.) (barnyard grass), Oceania:New Caledonia, Vanuatu Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Eragrostis (lovegrasses), Sordariomycetes; black choke, Leptochloa chinensis black ring, false ergot, incense (Chinese sprangletop), rod, sterility disease, udbatta, Paspalum dilatatum (dallis udbatta disease of Rice grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum),Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Secale cereale (rye), Setaria italica (foxtail millet) 10. [a]: Fusarium I: jika MP Asparagus officinalis bibit, akar, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Timur) oxysporumf.sp.asparagi tidak (asparaga, asparagus) batang, (Cohen) diproses media tanam [s]: - II. jika MP Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, diproses Sordariomycetes; Layu, busuk akar (wilt, root rot) 11. [a]: Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. I: jika MP Acacia melanoxylon daun, akar, Indonesia: Sumatera (Utara). passiflorae W.L. Gordon tidak (australian blackwod), batang, Africa: South Africa. [s]: - diproses Passiflora edulis (passion media tanam America: Brazil, USA Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP fruit), Passiflora Asia: China Sordariomycetes; Layu diproses quadrangularis (markisa, Oceania: Australia. Fusarium, Fusarium wilt, wilt granadilla, passion-fruit), of passionfruit Samanea saman (rain tree) 12. [a]: Neofusicoccum ribis I: jika MP Casuariana equisetifolia buah, Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan, (Slippers, Crous & M.J. tidak (casuariana), Persea bunga,batan Sumatera Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & diproses americana (alpokat, g/ranting Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, A.J.L. Phillips; ( II. jika MP avocado), Juglans spp. Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, =Fusicoccum ribis Slippers, diproses (walnut), Macadamia Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Crous & M.J. Wingf. integrifolia (macadamian Niger, South Africa, Tanzania,
451 =Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. nut), Macadamia Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, =Dothiorella ribis (Fuckel) tetraphylla (Rough-shell Zimbabwe Sacc. =Fusicoccum aesculi macadamia nut), America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Corda =Fusicoccum tingens Macadamia sp., Malus Barbados, Chile, Colombia, Costa Goid.) domesticum (apel, apple), Rica, Canada, Cuba, Dominica, [s]: Botryosphaeria Mangifera indica (mangga, Grenada, Honduras, Jamaica, ribisGrossend & Duggar; ( mango), Populus sp. Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and =Botryosphaeria mali V.A. (poplars), Prunus persica Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Putterill) (peach), Ribes(currants), Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Rubus spp. (blackberry, Darussalam, China, Georgia Dothideomycetes; Cane blight, raspberry) Republic of, Taiwan, India, Iran, canker, dieback, fruit rot, Citrus sp. (jeruk, citrus), Israel, Japan, South Korea, gummosis, panicle and shoot Eucalyptus sp., Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, blight, stem blight, tip Liquidambar formosa Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, dieback, white rot (beautiful sweet gum), Thailand, Turkey Liquidambar styraciflua Europe: Cyprus, France, Greece, (sweet gum), Pistia (water Italy,Netherland, Portugal, Spain, lettuce), Prunus amygdalus United Kingdom (almond), Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Rhododendron(azalea) Micronesia, Federated states of, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands 13. [a]: Oidium tuckeriBerk.; I: jika MP Vitis, Vitis vinifera (anggur, bunga, Indonesia: Jawa (Timur), Bali (=Acrosporium tuckeri tidak grapevine) daun, bibit, (Buleleng) (Berk.) Sumst. diproses Ampelopsis, Cissus batang, Africa:Algeria, Congo, DR Congo, =Pseudoidium tuckeri II. jika MP (grape), Cissus rhombifolia Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, (Berk.) Y.S. Paul & J.N. diproses (grape ivy), Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Kapoor) Parthenocissus, Vitis Mozambique, Portugal, Sierra [s]: Erysiphe necatorSchwein; vinifera subsp. sylvestris Leone, Somalia, South Africa, (=Erysiphe necator var. Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, necator Schwein. =Erysiphe Zimbabwe. tuckeri Berk. =Uncinula America: Argentina, Bermuda,
452 necator (Schwennerts) Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Burril =Unicula americana Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Howe =Uncinula spiralis Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Leotiomycetes; Embun tepung Uruguay, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. (Powdery mildew), grapevine Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, powdery mildew, grape Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia powdery mildew, powdery Republic of, India, Iran, Iraq, mildew grapevine Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Netherland, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
453 14. [a]: Rhizoctonia bataticola I: jika MP Abelmoschus esculentus biji, umbi, Indonesia:Jawa (Barat), Tangerang (Taubenh.) E. J.Butler; tidak (okra), Abies concolor bunga, Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina (=Rhizoctonia lamellifera diproses (Rocky Mountain white fir), buah, akar, Faso, Cameroon, Central African Small =Sclerotium bataticola II. jika MP Actinidia chinensis daun, batang Republic, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Taubenh.) diproses (Chinese gooseberry), Agypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, =Macrophomina Albizia lebbeck (Indian Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, phaseolina(Tassi) Goid; ( siris), Alhagi pseudalhagi Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, =Botryodiplodia phaseoli (Camel-thorn), Allium cepa Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, (Maubl.) Thirum. (onion), Allium sativum Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, =Dothiorella cajani Syd., P. (garlic), Arachis hypogaea South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Syd. & E. J. Butl. (kacang tanah, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, =Macrophoma cajani Syd., groundnut), Basella alba Zambia, Zimbabwe P. Syd. & E. J. Butl. (Malabar spinach), Beta America: Canada, Mexico, USA, =Macrophoma corchori vulgaris var. saccharifera Bahama, Cuba, Dominica, El Sawada =Macrophoma (sugarbeet), Boehmeria Savador, Guadeloupe, Honduras, phaseoli Maubl. nivea (ramie), Bombax Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and =Macrophoma phaseolina ceiba (silk cotton tree), Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Tassi =Macrophoma sesami Brassica, Brassica oleracea Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Sawada =Macrophomina var. botrytis (cauliflower), Venezuela phaseoli (Maubl.) S. F. Broussonetia papyrifera Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Ashby =Macrophomina (paper mulberry), Cajanus Darussalam, China, India, Iran, philippines Petr.) cajan (pigeon pea), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic [s]: - Capsicum annuum (bell of, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Basidiomycota, pepper), Carica papaya Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Agaricomycotina, (pepaya, papaw), Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Agaricomycetes; Charcoal rot Carthamus tinctorius Yemen of bean/tobacco, ashy stem (safflower), Catharanthus Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, blight, ashy stem decay of roseus (Pink periwinkle), Czech Republic and Slovakia, bean/tobacco, blight of Cedrus atlantica (Atlas Denmark, France, Germany, bean/tobacco, root rot of cedar), Cedrus deodara Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, bean/tobacco (Himalayan cedar), Cicer Mediterranean countries, arietinum (chickpea), Netherland, Romania, Russia,
454 Cichorium (chicory), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Citrullus lanatus Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia (semangka, watermelon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Corchorus capsularis (white jute), Corchorus olitorius (jute), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Crocus sativus (saffron), Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimum, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Curcuma longa (kunyit, turmeric), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Dahlia, Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum), Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest red gum), Fagopyron, Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry),
455 Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Jasminum (jasmine), Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper), Juniperus virginiana (eastern redcedar), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris (lentil), Linum (flax), Lupinus (lupins), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horsegram), Manihot esculenta (singkong, cassava), Medicago (medic), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), Narcissus (daffodil), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Oryza sativa (padi, rice),
456 Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus canariensis (Canary pine), Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine), Pinus clausa (sand pine), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus pinaster (maritime pine)Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Piper betle (betel pepper), Piper nigrum (black pepper), Pisum sativum (pea), Plectranthus barbatus, Prosopis juliflora (mesquite), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Psidium guajava (jambu,
457 guava), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sterculia urens (kateera gum), Stylosanthes (pencil- flower), Syzygium samarangense (water apple), Trifolium alexandrinum (Berseem clover), Trigonella foenum- graecum (fenugreek), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis (grape), Zea
458 mays (jagung, maize), Zingiber (jahe, ginger) Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Artocarpus hirsutus (wild jack fruit), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Chlorophytum, Hibiscus schizopetalus (fringed hibiscus), Incarvillea delavayi, Salvia officinalis (common sage), Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple), Stevia rebaudiana, Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Vanilla planifolia (vanilla) 15. [a]: Sclerotium varium I: jika MP Abelmoschus esculentus umbi, buah, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Tengah) Pers.,(1801) tidak (okra), Actinidia chinensis daun, akar, Africa: Algeria, Congo, DR Congo, [s]: Sclerotinia diproses (Chinese gooseberry), biji, batang, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary ( II. jika MP Actinidia deliciosa tanaman Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, =Sclerotinia libertiana diproses (kiwifruit), Alcea rosea Nigeria, St. Helena, South Africa, Fuckel =Whetzelinia (Hollyhock), Allium cepa Tanzania, Zimbabwe sclerotiorum(Lib.) Korf & (bawang bombay, onion), America: Bermuda, Costa Rica, Dumont =Peziza Allium sativum (bawang Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, sclerotiorum Lib. =Peziza putih, garlic), Anethum Nicaragua, Panama, Canada, coemansii J.J. Kickx) graveolens (dill), Angelica Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Basidiomycota, archangelica (Angelica), Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Agaricomycotina, Antirrhinum majus Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Agaricomycetes; cottony soft (snapdragon), Apium Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Gaza, rot, white rot, Sclerotinia wilt, graveolens (seledri, celery), Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Sclerotinia head rot, Apium graveolens var. Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Sclerotinia blossom blight, Rapaceum (celeriac), Republic of (South Korea),
459 Sclerotinia drop Sclerotinia Arachis hypogaea (kacang Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, soft rot, Sclerotinia stalk rot, tanah, groundnut), Arctium Singapore, Syria, Tajikistan, Sclerotinia stem rot, collar rot, lappa (burdock), Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Sclerotinia pod rot, Sclerotinia Asparagus officinalis Vietnam canker, Sclerotinia twig blight, (asparagus), Astragalus Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, watery pod rot, white mould, sinicus (chinese clover), Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, sclerotinia disease Begonia tuberhybrida, Cyprus, Czech, Czech Republic and Bellis perennis (common Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, daisy), Beta vulgaris var. Finland, France, Germany, Greece, saccharifera (sugarbeet), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Brassica, Brassica napus Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, var. napus (rape), Brassica Netherlands, Norway, Poland, oleracea var. botrytis Portugal, Romania, (cauliflower), Brassica Russian,Slovakia, Spain, oleracea var. capitata Oceania: American Samoa, (cabbage), Brassica Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, oleracea var. gemmifera Samoa (Brussels sprouts), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Brassica oleracea var. Serbia, Slovenia, Serbia and gongylodes (kohlrabi), Montenegro, Yugoslavia, Bosnia Brassica oleracea var. and Herzegovina, Macedonia, italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Camellia, Campanula (campanulas), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum
460 annuum (bell pepper), Capsicum frutescens (chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Carum carvi (caraway), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Corchorus olitorius (jute), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Daucus carota (wortel,carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Foeniculum vulgare
461 (fennel), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Camellia, Campanula (campanulas), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Gossypium (cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Humulus (hop), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Iris (irises), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lilium (lili, lily), Lupinus (lupins), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus
462 (melilots), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Morus(mulberrytree), Musa(pisang, banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Persea americana (avocado), Petunia, Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox, Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus (stone fruit), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rosa (roses), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Saccharumofficinarum (sugarcane), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum melongena (aubergine),
463 Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Trifolium (clovers), Tulipa (tulip), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Viola (violet), Zinnia Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed), Anemone coronaria (poppy anemone), Aquilegia, A. flabellata, Arabidobsis thaliana, Argyranthemum frutescens, Asclepias (Silkweed), Aster ericoides (Heath aster), Berberis (barberries), Borago officinalis (Borage), Brassica carinata (African cabbage), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, Carduus (thistle), Centaurea (Knapweed), Chenopodium album (fat hen), Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Cosmos bipinnatus (garden
464 cosmos), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (ornamentalgourd), Cynoglossum officinale (hound's tongue), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut flower crop)), Felicia amelloides, Guizotia abyssinica (niger), Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow), Iberis sempervirens (edging candytuft), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lantana camara (lantana), Marrubium (horehound), Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Osteospermum, Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup), Sonchus asper, Thymus citriodorus, Trachyspermum ammi, Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry), Vaccinium
465 virgatum, Xanthium cavanellesii, Xerochrysum bracteatum 16. [a]: Sphaceloma ampelinum de I: jika MP Vitis vinifera (grapevine) buah, Indonesia: Bali Bary; ( =Gloeosporium tidak Rubus fruticosus bunga, Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, ampelophagum (Pass.) Sacc. diproses (blackberry), Rubus idaeus daun, batang Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, =Ramularia ampelophaga II. jika MP (raspberry), Vitis labrusca South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Pass. =Torula meyeni Ber. & diproses (fox grape), Vitis rupestris Zimbabwe Terv. =Ramularia meyeni (sand-grape) America: Barbados, Bermuda, Gar. & Catt. =Gloeosporium Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican venetum Speg. =Manginia Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto ampelina (de Bary) Viala & Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Pacottet) Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, [s]: Elsinoe ampelinaShear;( Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, =Uleomyces parasiticus Venezuela Henn. =Plectodiscella Asia: Afghanistan, Cambodia, veneta Burkh. =Elsinoë China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea viticola Racib.) Republic of (South Korea), Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Myanmar, Pakistan, Taiwan, Dothideomycetes; Grape Turkey anthracnose; grape black Europe: Austria, Belgium, spot; grape black rot; bird's Bulgaria, Former USSR, France, eye spot; bird's eye rot; vine Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, black spot; bird's eye fungus; Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, anthracnose of grapevine; Romania, Russia, Serbia and bird's eye disease of Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, grapevine; black spot of Switzerland, UK grapevine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 17. [a]: Stagonospora sacchariT.T. I: jika MP Saccharum officinarum daun Indonesia: Lampung, Jawa. Lo & K.C. Ling tidak (tebu, sugarcane) Africa: South Africa.
466 [s]: - diproses America: Argentina, Panama, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, II. jika MP Imperata cylindrica (cogon Venezuela, Oceania, Papua New Dothideomycetes; Gosong diproses grass), Miscanthus Guinea. daun tebu(Sugarcane scorch), japonica, Miscanthus Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan, leaf scorch sinensis (eulalia), Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Rottboellia cochinchinensis Oceania: Papua New Guinea (itch grass), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) 18. [a]: Stemphylium I: jika MP Allium cepa (onion), Allium buah, daun, Indonesia: Jawa vesicarium(Wallr.) E.G. tidak cepa var. aggregatum biji Africa: Egypt, Senegal, South Simmons diproses (shallot), Allium sativum Africa, [s]:Pleospora allii(Rabenh.) II. jika MP (garlic), Asparagus America: Jamaica, Canada, USA, Ces. & De Not. diproses officinalis (asparagus), Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Glycine max (soyabean), Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Dothideomycetes; onion leaf Solanum lycopersicum Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of blight; garlic leaf blight; (tomato), Mangifera indica (South Korea), Malaysia, Saudi purple spot of asparagus; (mango), Medicago sativa Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United brown spot of pear; garlic leaf (lucerne), Medicago Arab Emirates, spot; onion leaf spot; tribuloides (barrel medic), Europe: Belgium, Cyprus, France, asparagus leaf spot; Pyrus communis (European Germany, Greece, Italy, Stemphylium blight of onion; pear), Solanum Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, leaf blight: onion; purple spot: lycopersicum (tomato) Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Asparagus spp. Aster, Helianthus anuus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, (sunflower), Raphanus Tonga, Vanuatu sativus (radish)
19. [a]; Helminthosporium I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum umbi, akar, Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatra (Selatan, solaniDurieu & Mont; ( tidak (kentang, potato) tunas Utara, Barat, Jambi) =Cladosporium abietinum diproses Africa: Morocco, South Africa Zukal =Spondylocladium II. jika MP America: Argentina, Bolivia, atrovirens(Harz.) C. Harz ex diproses Brazil,Canada, Chile, Colombia,
467 Sacc. =Brachysporium Cuba, Mexico, Peru, USA, solani (Durieu & Mont.) Venezuela Sacc. =Dematium atrovirens Asia: China,Taiwan, India,Iran, Harz =Helminthosporium Israel, Japan, Myanmar, atrovirens (Harz) E.W. Singapore, Turkey Mason & S. Hughes) Europe: Austria,Belarus, Bulgaria, [s]: - Czech Republic and Slovakia, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Denmark, France, Germany, Dothideomycetes; Silver scurf Greece, Hungary,Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Rusia, Swedia,Switzerlands, UK Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 20. [c]: Peronosclerospora I: jika MP Zea mays (maize) biji, daun Indonesia: Sulawesi philippinensis (W. Weston) tidak Avena sativa (oats), Africa: Mauritirus C.G. Shaw; ( =Sclerospora diproses Saccharum officinarum Asia: China, India, Japan, Nepal, philippinensis) II. jika MP (sugarcane), Saccharum Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Oomycota, Oomycetes; diproses spontaneum (wild Thailand philippine downy mildew sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte) 21. [c]: Peronosclerospora I: jika MP Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, biji, daun, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) sorghi(Weston & Uppal) C.G tidak sorghum), Sorghum spp., media tanam Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Shaw. (1978); ( =Sclerospora diproses Zea mays (jagung, corn, (tanah) Faso, Burundi, Egypt, Ethiopia, graminicola var. II. jika MP maize) Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, andropogonis-sorghi Kulk. diproses Andropogon sorghi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, =Sclerospora sorghi W. Panicum trypheron, Rwanda, Somalia, South Weston & Uppal (1932) Pennisetum glaucum, Africa,Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, =Sclerospora andropogonis- Sorghum halepense, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
468 sorghi (Kulk.) Mundk. Sorghum almum, Sorghum America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, =Sorosporium andropogonis- arundinaceum, Sorghum Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, sorghi S. Ito) caffrorum, Sorghum Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Oomycota, Oomycetes, propinquum, Sorghum Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Sclerosporales; Sorghum sudanense, Sorghum Uruguay, Venezuela downy mildew, mildew of vesicolor, Sorghum Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, maize and sorghum virgatum, Zea mexicana, China, East Timor, Taiwan, Zea diploperennis, India,Iran, Israel, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Yemen, Vietnam, Europe: Italy Oceania: Australia 22. [c]: Peronospora manshurica I: jika MP Glycine max (kedelai, biji, bunga, Indonesia: Jawa Timur, Jawa (Naum) Syd. (1923); tidak soybean) polong, daun Barat (Bogor). (=Peronospora sojae F. diproses Africa: Ethiopia, South Africa, Lehm. & F.A. Wolf II. jika MP Zimbabwe. =Peronospora trifolium var. diproses America: Argentina, Bermuda, manchurica Naumov) Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Oomycota, Oomycetes, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. Peronosporales; Downy Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, mildew, embun bulu Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam. Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
469 and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 23. [c]: Phytophthora I: jika MP Citrus spp., Theobroma biji, buah, Indonesia: Sulawesi (Tengah), NTT citrophthora(R.H Sm & E. tidak cacao (kakao, cocoa) daun, akar, (Soe) Sm) Leonia) ( =Pythiacystis diproses Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi), batang, Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR Congo, citrophthoraR.E Sm. & E.H. II. jika MP Mandevilla spp., Tabernae media tanam Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sm.) diproses coronaria, Euonymus spp., Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Oomycota, Oomycetes; brown Rhododendron spp., Hevea Mozambique, Senegal, South rot of Citrus fruit, foot rot of brasiliensis (karet, rubber Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe Citrus, cocoa black pod, stem tree), Fagus spp., Ribes America: Argentina, Barbados, necrosis, canker, seedling sanguineum, Juglans spp., Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, blight Sandoricum koetjape Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, (kecapi, kecaphi) Ficus French Guiana, Guadeloupe, elastica, Cocos nucifera Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, (kelapa, coconut), Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Sesamum indicum (wijen, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, sesame), Piper nigrum Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, (lada, pepper), Pistacia USA, Uruguay, Venezuela vera, Fragaria spp., Prunus Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, domestica, Rubus idaeus, Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Coptis japonica, Murraya Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea sp., Poncirus trifoliate, Republic of (South Korea), Capsicum annuum (cabai, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, hot pepper, chilies, red Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, pepper), Taxus spp., Vietnam, Yemen Sequoiadendron Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech giganteum, Abies Republic, Former USSR, France, lasiocarpa var. arizonica, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Acca sellowiana, Buxus, Portugal, Rusia, Spain, Castanea sativa (chesnut), Switzerland, UK Chamaecyparis lawsonia Oceania:Australia, Cook Islands,
470 (Port oxford cedar), Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus limetta (sweet lemon tree), C. limon (lemon), C. maxima (pummelo), C. sinensis (nevel orange), Diospyros kaki (persommon), Fragaria regia (walnut), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Ligustrum vulgare, Nothofagus obliqua, Pandorea jasminoides, Pelargonium graveolens, Picea abies, Pistacia vera, Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium, Prunus dulcis, Ribes sanguineum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sciadopitys verticillata,Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Syringa vulgaris, Theobroma cacao, Vaccinium (bluberries) 24. [c]: Phytophthora fragariaeC.J. I: jika MP Fragaria, Fragaria stolon, akar, Indonesia: Jawa. Hickman; ( =Phytophthora tidak ananassa Fragaria vesca batang, Africa: Egypt. fragariae var. fragariae diproses (Arbei, strawberry), Rubus bibit,media America: Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Hickman) II. jika MP idaeus (raspberry) tanam Mexico, USA. Oomycota, Oomycetes; Red diproses Fragaria chiloensis (chilean Asia:India, Israel, China, Taiwan, core, red stele disease, strawberry) Japan, Lebanon, Syria.
471 strawberry red stele root rot, Europe: Austria, Belgium, raspberry root rot, red core Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic disease of strawberry, red core and Slovakia, Denmark, France, of strawberry, red stele Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, disease of strawberry, red Lithuania, Luxembourg, stele of strawberry Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 25. [p]: Spongospora subterranea I: jika MP Solanum tuberosum umbi, Indonesia: Jawa f.sp. subterranea(Wallr.) tidak (kentang, potato), Solanum bonggol, Africa: Algeria, Burundi, Egypt, Lagerh.; ( =Sorosporium diproses Solanum media tanam Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, scabies (Berk.) A.A. Fisch. II. jika MP lycopersicum(tomat, (tanah) Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, Waldh.) diproses tomato) South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Plasmodiophoromycota, Capsicum annuum (bell sebagai Zimbabwe. Plasmodiophoromycetes; pepper), Datura vektor: America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Slimy rot,powdery scab, corky stramonium (jimsonweed), Potato mop- Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa scab, corky scab: potato, Nicandra physalodes top Rica, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, powdery scab of potato, (apple of Peru), Nicotiana pomovirus Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, powdery scab: potato, tomato rustica (wild tobacco), Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. powdery scab Physalis peruviana (Cape Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, gooseberry), Solanum Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, marginatum (white-edged Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Nepal, nightshade), Solanum Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, nigrum (black nightshade), Turkey. Tussilago farfara (Colt's- Europe: Austria, Belgium, foot), Ullucus tuberosus Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic (Ulluco) and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany,
472 Greece, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 26. [r]:Physopella ampelopsidis I: jika MP Vitis vinifera (anggur, daun,batang Indonesia: Jawa (Tengah, Timur), (Dietel & P. Syd.) (1959); tidak grapevine), Parthenocissus Bali, Sulawesi (Selatan) (=Phakopsora ampelopsidis diproses tricuspidata (Boston ivy), Asia: China, Japan, Korea Republic Dietel & P. Syd., (1898) II. jika MP Meliosma sp., Vitaceae, of (South Korea), Nepal, Taiwan. =Phakopsora ampelosidis diproses Ampelocissus robinsonii, A. Oceania: Australia Dietel & P. Syd. (1898) heterophylla, Cissus =Angiopsora ampelopsidis yoshimurae, Meliosma (Dietel & P. Syd.) (1949) myriantha, Partheocissus thunbergii, P. tricuspidata, Basidiomycota, Quinaria tricuspidata, Vitis Pucciniomycotina, caribaea, V. coignatiae, V. Pucciniomycetes; Karat, Rust flexuosa, V. lanata, V. munsoniana, V. tiliifolia, V.
27. [r]: Uromycladium I: jika MP Sengon, Acacia saligna bibit, batang Indonesia: Maluku, Jawa (Timur, tepperianum(Saccardo) Mc. tidak (Port jackson wattle) Barat, Tengah), Sulawesi, Alpine; ( =Uromyces diproses Sumatera (Bengkulu), Bali tepperianus Sacc. II. jika MP Africa: South Africa =Caeomurus tepperianus diproses Asia: Malaysia, Filipina (Sacc.) Kuntze) Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes; Rust, gall rust
VII. BAKTERI (BACTERI)
473 NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ MEDIA GOLONGAN/ INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ No SCIENTIFIC NAME/ PEMBAWA/ GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON PATHWAY NAME 1. Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & I Oryza sativa (padi, rice) biji, bibit Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, Tabei)Urakami et al., (= Lolium multiflorum (Italian Kalimantan Pseudomonas ryegrass) Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, glumae);Burkholderiales: Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam Burkholderiaceae;bacterial America: Colombia, Panama, USA grain rot; grain rot; bacterial Africa: Burkina Faso rot; rice grain rot; rice rot; rice blight; sheath rot; grain sterility of rice; grain discoloration of rice 2. Clavibacter I Capsicum frutescens (cabai akar, batang, Indonesia: Sumatera (Barat, michiganensissubsp. rawit, hot pepper, chilies), daun, Selatan), Jawa (Jawa Barat, Jawa michiganensis (Smith) Davis et Capsicum annuum bunga, Timur, Banten) al.;(=Aplanobacter (paprika, bell-pepper, red buah, biji, Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, michiganensis =Bacterium pepper), Lycopersicum media tanam Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Belarus, michiganense esculentum (tomat, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, =Corynebacterium tomato), Solanum Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, michiganense pv. melongena (terung, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, michiganense eggplant, aubergine) Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, =C.michiganense subsp. Solanum mammosum, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, michiganense S.dauglas, S. nigrum, S. France, Germany, Greece, =C.michiganense =Erwinia trifolium Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, michiganensis (=michiganense) Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, =Mycobacterium michiganense Spain, Switzerlands, Ukraina, UK, =Phytomonas michiganensis Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and =Pseudomonas michiganense Herzegovina, Montenegro, =P. Macedonia.
474 michiganensis);Actynomycetal Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, es: Microbacteriaceae; India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Republik bacterial cancer, birds eye of Korea (South Korea), Libanon, spot Syria, Turkey. Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America:Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Guam, Fiji, Tonga. 3. Leifsonia xylisubsp.xyli(Davis I Saccharum, Saccharum stek, batang Indonesia: Jawa et al.) Evtushenko et al.); officinarum (tebu, (stem stoke), Europe: Spain. (=Clavibacter xyli = Clavibacter sugarcane) mata tunas, Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, xyli subsp. xyli); Zea mays (jagung, corn, bunga, akar, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Actynomycetales: maize), Sorghum bicolor bibit. Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Microbacteriaceae; ratoon (sorgum, sorghum), Thailand. stunting of sugarcane, Brachiaria spp., Chloris Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, sugarcane ratoon stunting gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Comoros, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, disease Echinochloa colonum, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Imperata xylindrical, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Panicum maximum, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pennisetum purpureum dan Réunion, Seychelles, Somalia, Rhynchelytrum repens. South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil Colombia, Cuba,
475 Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia, Fiji. 4. I Pantoea stewartii sub sp. Zea mays (jagung, corn, biji, bunga, Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, stewartii(Smith) Mergaert et maize), Zea mexicana daun, akar, Sulawesi, Lombok al.; (=Aplanobacter stewartii (teosinte) batang, Europe: Austria, Yunani, Poland, =Bacillus stewartii =Bacterium Zea mays subsp. mays Vektor: Russia, Croatia, Greece, Italy, stewartii =Erwinia stewartii (sweetcorn), Zea mays Netherland, Romania, Serbia, subsp. Chaetocnem =Pantoea stewartii subsp. parviglumis. Switzerland, Yugorslavia stewartii =Phytomonas pulicaria,Agr stewartii =Pseudobacterium Saccharum officinarum otis Asia: China, India, Malaysia, stewartii =Pseudomonas (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum manchus, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea (sorgum, sorghum), stewartii =Xanthomonas bicolor Chaetocnema America: Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, stewartii); Enterobacteriales: Triticum aestivum denticulata, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Enterobacteriaceae, (gandum, wheat), Vigna Diabrotica Puerto Rico, USA, Trinidad and bacterialblight of maize, radiata (kacang hijau, nigricornis, Tobago, Argentina, Paraguay bacterial wilt of maize, maize mungbean), Cucumis D. bacteriosis, Stewart's wilt sativus (mentimun, undecimpuct cucumber), Agrotis alba, ata, D.
Avena sativa, , Coix versifera, lacryma-jobi, Echinochloa Hylemya americana, cilicrura. Trapsacumspp., Panicumspp., Setaria pumila, Zea perennis, berbagai gulma Poaceae (Gramineae), Agrostis
476 gigantea (black bent), Dracaena sanderiana 5. Pseudomonas cichorii(Swingle) I Glycine max (kedelai, biji Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Cianjur). Stapp.; Pseudomonadales: soybean), Apium Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Pseudomonadaceae; hawar graveolens (selederi, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, Russia, bakteri celery), Dahlia, Lactuca Spain, Ukraine, UK. sativa (selada, lettuce), Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Nicotiana tabacum Japan, Republic of Korea (South (tembakau, tobacco) Korea) Apium graveolens (celery), Africa: Burundi, South Africa, Chrysanthemum (daisy), Tanzania. Chrysanthemum America: Argentina, Barbados, coronarium (garland Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, USA, chrysanthemum), Hawai. Chrysanthemum morifolium Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. (chrysanthemum (florists')), Chrysanthemum vestitum, Cichorium endivia (endives), Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia (endives), Cichorium endivia var. crispum (Winter endive), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Dahlia Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean)Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Nicotiana tabacum
477 (tembakau, tobacco) Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean) Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, achra), Agaricus, Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha), Barleria cristata (philippine violet), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassicarapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (kChinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Camellia, Capsicum (peppers), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Coffea
478 arabica (arabica coffee), Cyclamen, Daucus carota (carrot), Ficus lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hedera helix (ivy), Helianthus (sunflower), Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mentha arvensis (Corn mint), Monstera deliciosa (ceriman), Musa sp. (banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Papaver orientale (Oriental poppy), Pernettya mucronata (prickly heath (UK)), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Potentilla (Cinquefoil), Primula polyantha, Prunus persica (peach), Pyracantha (Firethorn), Pyrus communis (European pear),
479 Ranunculus acris (Meadow buttercup), Rhododendron catawbiense, Scindapsus, Solanum melongena (aubergine), Spathiphyllum, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Viburnum, Xanthosoma brasiliens 6. Pseudomonas I Cucumis sativus kulit, buah, Indonesia: Jawa Barat, Jawa syringaepv.lachrymans; (mentimun, cucumber), daun, biji, Tengah, Banten, Sumatera selatan (=Bacillus lachrymans Benincasa hispida, planlet, Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, =Bacterium burgeri =Bacterium Citrullus lunatus, Cucumis batang, bibit Czech, Denmark, France, lachrymans =Chlorobacter auguria, Cucumis melo, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, lachrymans =Phytomonas Cucurbita moschata, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, lachrymans =Pseudomonas Cucurbita pepo, Luffa Romania, Russia, Slovakia, lachrymans =P.lachrymans f. acutangula, Sechium edule, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, cucumis =P.burgeri); Solanum melongena Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Pseudomonadales: (Terung, eggplant) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Pseudomonadaceae; Macedonia, Yugoslavia angularspot of cucumber, Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, bacterialspot Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Laos, Philippines, Singapore, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Gabon, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
480 7. Pseudomonas syringaepv. I Cannabis sativa (hemp), daun, biji, Indonesia: Jawa mori(Boyer & Lambert) Young Morus bombycis (Japanese batang, Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic et al.; Pseudomonadales: mulberry), Morus nigra and Slovakia, Belarus, Latvia, Pseudomonadaceae; hawar (black mulberry), Morus Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, daun rubra (red mulberrytree), Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Phaseolus lunatus (lima Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, bean) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Morus alba (murbei, Ukraina, Russia, Germany, mulberry) Hungary, Italy, Romania, UK Morus (mulberrytree) Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Pakistan, Turkey. Africa: South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Brazil, Canada, Caribbean, USA. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 8. Ralstonia I Syzygium aromaticum bibit, daun, Indonesia: Sumatera (Lampung), syzygii(=Pseudomonas syzygii (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium akar, batang. Jawa, Bali, Sulawesi, Kalimantan (Roberts et spp., Eugenia spp. Selatan Maluku al).;Pseudomonadales: vektor: Pseudomonadaceae; bakteri Hemiptera, pembuluh kayu Syzygium Machaerotid aromaticum (cengkeh, clove) ae: Hindola (BPKC) spp.
VIII. VIRUS (VIRUSES) MEDIA NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ GOLONGAN/ INANG/ DAERAH SEBAR/ NO PEMBAWA/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM GROUP HOST GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATHWAY
481 1. Banana streak badnavirus I Musa spp. (pisang, Tanaman, Indonesia: Jawa Barat, Lampung, (BSV);(= Banana streak virus) banana) akar, batang, Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, daun, bunga, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, buah Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda. America: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Europe: Portugal, Spain. Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga. 2. Carnation mottle I Dianthus caryophyllus, suluran Indonesia: Jawa barat (Cipanas) carmovirus(CarMV);(= D.barbatus, Begonia (stolon), Africa: Egypt Carnation mottle virus) spp., Sapo naria tanaman America: Argentina, Colombia officinalis, Daphne Asia: China, India odora, D.superbus, Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Belarus, Tetragonia Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, tetragonioides, Vaccaria Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, hispanica Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Hungary, Italy Oceania: Australia 3. Carnation ringspot dianthovirus I Dianthus (carnation), daun, biji, Indonesia;Jawa barat (Cipanas) (CRSV);(=Carnation ringspot Dianthus barbatus bibit tanaman America: North America, Canada, virus) (sweet williams), Mexico, USA, Brazil, Colombia
482 Dianthus caryophyllus Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, (carnation), Malus Germany, Italy, Lithuania, sylvestris (crab-apple Netherlands, Poland, Russia, UK tree), Prunus avium Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (European pear), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) 4. Citrus exocortis pospiviroid I Citroncirus webberi buah, polong, Indonesia: Jawa (CEVd);(=Citrus exocortis viroid) (citrange), Citrus limon tunasbunga, Asia: China, India, Iran, Irak, Israel, (lemon), Citrus limonia daun, batang, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (jeruk limau, mandarin tanaman. (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, lime), Citrus reticulata x Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Poncirus trifoliata Arabia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, (citrumelo), Poncirus United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, trifoliate (trifoliate Yemen orange) Eropa: Cyprus, Serbia, Slovenia, Brassica rapa. Oleifera Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (turnip rape), Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Italy, Chrysanthemum Portugal, Russia, Spain. vestitum, Citrus, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Gynura aurantiaca (java velvet plant), Gynura procumbens, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Petunia hybrida, Solanum
483 melongena (terong, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) 5. Cymbidium ringspot I Orchidaceae tanaman Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Bogor, tombusvirus (Cymbidium) Cipanas) (CymRSV);(=Cymbidium Trifolium repens, Vigna Europe: UK ringspot virus) ungiculata 6. Fiji phytoreovirus I Saccharum officinarum bibit, tanaman Indonesia: Papua, Sulawesi, (tebu, sugarcane) Africa: Madagascar Asia: Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu. 7. Onion yellow dwarf potyvirus I Allium ascalonicum bibit,umbi Indonesia: Jawa (OYDV);(= Onion yellow dwarf (bawang merah, shallot), Africa: Morocco, South Africa. virus) Allium cepa, Alium America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, porrum, Alium sativum Chile, Cuba, USA, Uruguay. Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Thailand, Turkey Europe: Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
484 8. Papaya ringspot potyvirus I Caricapapaya tanaman, Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh, Sumatera (PRSV);(= Papaya distortion Cucurbitaceae bibit, buah, Utara), Jawa, Bali mosaic virus, Papaya leaf bunga Africa: Nigeria distortion virus, Papaw America: Bahama, Brazil, Colombia, distortion ringspot virus, Vektor:Hemipt Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Papaw mosaic virus, era, Aphididae: El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Watermelon mosaic virus 1 Myzus Mexico, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and (type P), Guadeloupe papaya persicae, Aphis Tobago, USA, Venezuela ringspot, Papaya ringspot - coreopsidis, A. Asia: China, India, Japan, Lebanon, type W, Papaya ringspot virus, craccivora, A. Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Watermelon mosaic virus 1 fabae, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, potyvirus) A.gossypii, Yemen Toxoptera Europe: France, Germany, Italy, citricida Bangladesh Oceania: Australia 9. Shallot yellow stripe virus I Allium ascalonicum umbi, bibit Indonesia: Jawa (SYSV) (bawang merah), Allium Asia: China, Thailand. cepa, Allium Vektor:Hemipt cepa var. cepa (cv. era, Aphididae: Stuttgarter Riesen), Acyrthosiphon Allium sativum, Lilium pisum, Myzus formosanum. cymbalariae 10. Squash mosaic comovirus I Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus biji, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa barat (SqMV);(= Cucurbit ring mosaic vulgaris (semangka, Africa: Egypt, Morocco virus, Musk melon mosaic watermelon), Cucumis Vektor:Coleopt America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, como virus, Muskmelon melo (melon), Cucumis era, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, necrotic mosaic virus, Squash sativus (mentimun, Chrysomelidae Montserrat, USA, Venezuela mosaic comovirus, Pumpkin cucumber), Cucurbita : Acalymma Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, mosaic virus, Watermelon stunt maxima (waluh, labu trivittata, A. Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, virus) parang, pumpkin), C. thiemei Lebanon, Philippines, Yemen, pepo thiemei, Europe: Greece, Italy, Netherland Diabrotica Oceania: New Zealand
485 undecimpuncta ta undecimpuncta ta, D. bivittula; Coleoptera, Coccinellidae: Epilachna chrysomelina; E. paenulata 11. Sweet potato feathery mottle I Ipomoea batatas (ubi bibit Indonesia: Jawa Tengah, Papua. potyvirus (SPFMV);(= Sweet jalar, sweet potato) Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, Niger, potato russet crack virus, Sweet Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, potato feathery mottle virus, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Sweet potato internal cork America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, virus, Sweet potato leaf spot Peru, United States of America, virus) Venezuela Asia: China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga 12. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus I Solanum lycopersicum Stek, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa Barat, Pontianak (TSWV);(=Pineapple yellow spot (tomat, tomato), (Kab. Kubu Raya) virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus Capsicum annuum Vektor: Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso, DR group, Dahlia oakleaf virus, (paprika, bell-pepper), Thysanoptera, Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Kenya, Dahlia ringspot virus, Dahlia Lactuca sativa (selada, Thripidae: Libya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Niger, yellow ringspot virus, lettuce), Pisum sativum Frankliniella Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, South Groundnut ringspot virus, Mung (kapri, sweet pea), bispinosa, F. Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, bean leaf curl virus) Nicotiana tabacum Intonsa, Uganda, Zimbabwe. (tembakau, tobacco), F.fusca, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Solanum tuberosum F.occidenttalis, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, (kentang, potato), F. Schultzei, F. Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Solanaceae, Tenuicornis, Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA, Hawaii, Alstroemeria, Ananas Thrips palmi, Uruguay, Venezuela. comosus (nenas, T. Setosus, T. Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia,
486 pineapple), Anemone Tabaci, Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia coronaria, Apium T.flavus, (Republic), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, graveolens (seladeri, Scirtothrips Malaysia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, celery), Arachys dorsalis Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, hypogaea (kacang Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan tanah, peanut), Aster, Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Begonia, Bidens pilosa, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Benincasa hispida, Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Calceolaria, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Chrysanthemum x Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, morifolium, Carica Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, papaya (papaya, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, pawpaw), Cichorium Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, endivia, Cicer arietinum, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Citrullus lanatus Scotland, Serbia, Bosnia and (semangka, watermelon), Herzegovina,. Columnea hirta, Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Canavalia gladiata, Zealand, Papua New Guinea. Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper), Callistephus chinensis, Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo, Crotalaria juncea, Cyphoman dra betacea, Cynara scolymus, Cyclamen, Dahlia, Dieffenbachia, Eustoma grandiflorum, Ficus elastica, Ficus pumila, Gerbera spp., Gerbera jamesonii, Galinsoga parviflora, Glycine max
487 (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Impatiens walleriana, Jacquemontia tamnifolia, Kalanchoe, Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lathyrus sativus, Lupinus spp. (Lupine), Mentha piperita, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana rustica, Oncidium, Ocimum basilicum, Pelargonium, Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus, Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo, Vigna cylindrica (buncis, common bean), Physalis peruviana, Phalaenopsis, Sechium edule, Senecio cruentus, Stephanotis floribunda, Sinningia, Sinningia speciosa, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Tagetes, Tephrosia purpurea, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Vitis vinifera (anggur,
488 grapevine), Valerianella locusta, Zinnia elegans, Zantedeschiaaethiopica, Ageratum conyzoides, Calendula officinalis, Canna indica, Coleus, Mirabilis jalapa, Saintpaulia ionantha, Salvia officinalis, Valeriana officinalis Keterangan: [a] : aseksual [s] : seksual [r] : cendawan karat [c] : chromista I : golongan I II : golongan II MENTERI PERTANIAN,
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