Revision Der Euglossa Cordata-Gruppe Und Untersuchungen Zur Funktionsmorphologie Und Faunistik Der Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

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Revision Der Euglossa Cordata-Gruppe Und Untersuchungen Zur Funktionsmorphologie Und Faunistik Der Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Revision der Euglossa cordata-Gruppe und Untersuchungen zur Funktionsmorphologie und Faunistik der Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades an der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Durchgeführt an der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München Vorgelegt von Benjamin Bembé München, Juni 2004 2 3 Erstgutachter: Prof. Klaus Schönitzer Zweitgutachter: Prof. Ulrich Smola Abgabetag: 28. 6. 2004 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. 1. 2005 Hinweis Hiermit erkläre ich, dass die nomenklatorisch relevanten Handlungen in dieser Arbeit im Sinne von Artikel 8 des Internationalen Kodes für Zoologische Nomenklatur als unpubliziert zu gelten haben (ICZN 1999). Sie werden ausschließlich durch die entsprechenden Publikationen verfügbar gemacht. Disclaimer I herewith declare that the nomenclaturally relevant acts in this thesis have to be regarded as unpublished according to article 8 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), and will only become available by the referring publications. Abbildung auf Seite 2: Euglossa amazonica beim Duftstoffsammeln auf Gongora aff. cruciformis in Villa Tunari, Bolivien, November 2002 4 Inhalt 1 Einleitung ....................................................................................................... 7 2 Revision der Euglossa cordata-Gruppe ....................................................... 13 2.1 Material und Methode .................................................................................. 13 2.1.1 Verwendete Abkürzungen .............................................................................. 13 2.1.2 Verwendetes Material ..................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Fang und Präparation ...................................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen ............................................................ 15 2.1.5 CCD-Kamera .................................................................................................. 15 2.1.6 Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung ............................................. 15 2.1.7 Bestimmungsliteratur ...................................................................................... 17 2.1.8 Konzeption der Beschreibungen ..................................................................... 17 2.1.9 Verbreitungskarten .......................................................................................... 18 2.1.10 Kladistische Analyse und verwendete Computerprogramme ......................... 18 2.2 Taxonomische Ergebnisse ............................................................................ 19 2.2.1 Tribus Euglossini Latreille, 1802 .................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Euglossa Latreille, 1802 ................................................................................. 21 2.2.3 Untergattungen von Euglossa ......................................................................... 24 2.2.4 Bestimmungsschlüssel der Untergattungen von Euglossa (♂♂) .................... 24 2.2.5 Euglossa (Euglossa) Latreille, 1802 ............................................................... 25 2.2.5.1 Bestimmungsschlüssel der Artengruppen von Euglossa (Euglossa) (♂♂) .... 26 2.2.5.2 Euglossa analis-Gruppe .................................................................................. 27 2.2.5.3 Euglossa cybelia-Gruppe ................................................................................ 27 2.2.5.4 Euglossa purpurea-Gruppe ............................................................................. 29 2.2.5.5 Euglossa viridissima-Gruppe .......................................................................... 30 2.2.5.6 Euglossa cordata-Gruppe ............................................................................... 30 2.2.5.7 Incertae sedis - Arten ungeklärter Stellung und Identität ............................... 31 2.2.6 Artbeschreibungen der Euglossa cordata-Gruppe ..................................... 38 2.2.6.1 Euglossa BB-1 ................................................................................................. 38 2.2.6.2 Euglossa chlorina Dressler, 1982 ................................................................... 41 5 2.2.6.3 Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) ................................................................ 43 2.2.6.4 Euglossa deceptrix Moure, 1968 .................................................................... 47 2.2.6.5 Euglossa despecta Moure, 1968 ..................................................................... 49 2.2.6.6 Euglossa fimbriata Rebêlo & Moure, 1995 .................................................... 52 2.2.6.7 Euglossa hemichlora hemichlora Cockerell, 1917 ......................................... 54 2.2.6.8 Euglossa hemichlora erythrochlora Moure, 1968 stat. nov. .......................... 59 2.2.6.9 Euglossa jamaicensis Moure, 1968 ................................................................ 61 2.2.6.10 Euglossa leucotricha Rebêlo & Moure, 1995 ................................................. 62 2.2.6.11 Euglossa liopoda Dressler, 1982 .................................................................... 65 2.2.6.12 Euglossa melanotricha Moure, 1967 .............................................................. 67 2.2.6.13 Euglossa modestior Dressler, 1982 ................................................................. 69 2.2.6.14 Euglossa platymera Dressler, 1982 ................................................................ 72 2.2.6.15 Euglossa securigera Dressler, 1982 ............................................................... 74 2.2.6.16 Euglossa variabilis Friese, 1899 ..................................................................... 76 2.2.7 Bestimmungsschlüssel der Euglossa cordata-Gruppe (♂♂) .......................... 78 2.2.8 Kladistische Analyse der Euglossa cordata-Gruppe ...................................... 82 2.2.9 Liste der Arten von Eg. (Euglossa) ................................................................. 85 2.3 Diskussion zu Taxonomie und Nomenklatur ............................................. 105 2.3.1 Bestimmungsproblematik der ♂♂ .................................................................. 105 2.3.2 Bestimmungsproblematik der ♀♀ .................................................................. 106 2.3.3 Zur morphologischen Untersuchung ............................................................... 108 2.3.4 Zur Färbung der Gattung Euglossa ................................................................. 109 2.3.5 Phylogenetische Betrachtung von Eg. (Euglossa) .......................................... 111 2.3.6 Zur kladistischen Analyse der Euglossa cordata-Gruppe .............................. 112 3 Untersuchungen zur Funktionsmorphologie männlicher Euglossini und ihre Fähigkeit, Duftstoffe zu versprühen ............................................ 114 3.1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................ 114 3.2 Material und Methode ..................................................................................... 115 3.3 Ergebnisse ....................................................................................................... 116 3.4 Diskussion ....................................................................................................... 117 6 4 Faunistische Untersuchungen ...................................................................... 125 4.1 Prachtbienenfunde aus Panguana, Huánuco, Peru ................................... 125 4.1.1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................ 125 4.1.2 Untersuchungsgebiet und Methode ................................................................. 125 4.1.3 Faunistische Ergebnisse .................................................................................. 126 4.1.4 Diskussion ....................................................................................................... 128 4.2 Prachtbienenfunde aus Villa Tunari, Cochabamba, Bolivien .................. 130 4.2.1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................ 130 4.2.2 Untersuchungsgebiet und Methode ................................................................. 130 4.2.3 Faunistische Ergebnisse .................................................................................. 131 4.2.4 Bestäubungsbiologische Beobachtungen ........................................................ 135 4.2.5 Diskussion ....................................................................................................... 136 5 Gesamtdiskussion und Ausblick .................................................................. 140 6 Zusammenfassung – Summary – Resumen ................................................ 143 7 Danksagung ..................................................................................................... 149 8 Literatur ........................................................................................................... 150 9 Anhang ............................................................................................................ 163 Curriculum vitae ............................................................................................. 177 7 1 Einleitung Der Name Euglossini bedeutet übersetzt
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