Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47013-1 — Sylvia Plath in Context Edited by Tracy Brain Index More Information

Index

Abels, Cyrilly, 47, 134 Angotti, Violet, 130 Abse, Dannie, 28, 29 animal body, 198 Adams, Henry, ‘The Dynamo and the Anouilh, Jean, Antigone, 38, 256 Virgin’, 267 anthropomorphism, 223–4 Adcock, Fleur, 30, 333, 353 Antigone, 34, 38, 81, 256 The Adjustment of the Male Overt Homosexual anti-pastoral elegy, 108 (Hooker), 172–3 anti-war activism, 241 advertising, 87–8, 127–8, 152, 186–7, 191–2, Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), 367 196, 210 ‘Apparel for April’ (Plath), 133 Aeneid (Virgil), 39, 40 ‘An Appearance’ (Plath), 338 Against Our Will (Brownmiller), 187 ‘The Applicant’ (Plath), 60, 87, 89–90, 140–1 Agard, John, 354 Apuleius, 34–5 Aldrich, Ann, We Walk Alone, 175–6 Metamorphoses, 35 Alexander, Paul, Rough Magic, 363, 364, 365 ‘Aquatic Nocturne’ (Plath), 335 ‘Alicante Lullaby’ (Plath), 78–9 The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious All that Fall (Beckett), 49 (Jung), 272 ‘All the Dead Dears’ (Plath), 302, 332 archives Alliston, Susan, 311, 314 Emory University, 258 Alvarez, Al Lilly Library, 118, 124, 276, 277, 278 Ariel editions, 205, 341, 342, 360 Smith College, 236, 258 British poetry trends, 2, 23–5, 26–7, 28, 29, 31 Arendt, Hannah, 193 ekphrastic poetry, 162 ‘Ariadne’ (de Chirico), 366–7 The New Poetry, 341 Ariel (Plath collection) Plath in London, 306, 307, 309, 310, 314, 324 American editions, 9, 340, 342–4 ‘Poetry in Extremis’, 2, 23–4, 26–7 anti-pastoral, 109 The Savage God, 23 Auden, 16 ‘Sylvia Plath’ radio tribute, 342 auteur cinema, 139, 140, 142 ‘America! America!’ (Plath), 20 bee poems, 39–40, 59, 110–11, 355–6 American cuisine, 4, 119, 122, 123–4 British editions, 9, 340–2, 344 American Isis (Rollyson), 363, 364 British poetry trends, 23, 31 American Poetry Now (anthology), 20–1 criticism of imagery, 205 American poetry scene, 1–2, 13–22 death of Plath, 314 Ames, Lois, 77, 347 electroshock therapy, 264 Amichai, Yehuda, 29 experimental poetics, 332 ‘Amnesiac’ (Plath), 60 isolation in Devon, 324 ‘Among the Bumblebees’ (Plath), 40 the lyric, 3, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103 ‘Among the Narcissi’ (Plath), 59, 336 the pastoral, 111, 112 ‘Ancestral Houses’ (Yeats), 95 Plath biographers, 360–1 Anderson, Jane V., 267, 289 Plath legacy of inﬂuence, 351, 354 Anderson, Linda, 66 religious contexts, 214 ‘Anecdote of the Jar’ (Stevens), 163, 164 West Yorkshire poems, 8, 300, 304

397

398 Index

Ariel (Plath collection) (cont.) Bayley, Sally, 127, 149, 160, 323 whimsy, 78, 79 Eye Rhymes, 19, 159 ‘Ariel’ (Plath poem), 7, 16, 101, 103, 249–50, 253, BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) 336, 366 Alvarez ‘Sylvia Plath’ tribute, 342 ‘The Armadillo’ (Moore), 261 Hughes recordings, 293, 311 Armstrong, Tim, 273 Plath correspondence, 352 Arnold, Matthew Plath interviews, 235, 300, 309, 366 ‘The Forsaken Merman’, 94 The Poet Speaks, 235 lyric poetry, 95 The Poet’s Voice, 43 ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’ (Plath), 39, 102–3, Third Programme, 2, 48, 49 110, 356 Under Milk Wood, 47 art Beauvoir, Simone de, The Second Sex, 182 American poetry scene, 19–20 Becker, Gerry, 124, 310, 311, 312, 313–14 ekphrastic poetry, 158 Becker, Jillian, 124, 310, 311, 312–13 journals and Woolf, 246–7 Beckett, Samuel the lyric, 98–101, 102 All that Fall, 49 Plath and visual art, 5, 158–65 Embers, 49 The Art of Teaching (Highet), 257, 259 The Bed Book (Plath), 91 Artaud, Antonin, 265 ‘The Bee God’ (Hughes), 40 artifice, and play, 333–6 ‘The Bee Meeting’ (Plath), 35, 111, 320–1, 356 Arts Council of Great Britain, 25 bee poems, 2, 39–40, 59, 110–11, 355–6 Ashbery, John, 18, 21 ‘The Beekeeper’s Daughter’ (Plath), 107, 111 Ashe, Maria, 209 Beer, John, 249, 251 Astruc, Alexandre, 146 The Bell Jar (Plath) ‘At Grass’ (Larkin), 27 American editions, 9, 340, 346–8 The Atlantic, 53, 55, 56, 268, 290, 293 British editions, 9, 340, 344–6 Atlas, James, 368 British poetry trends, 28 atomic bomb, 154, 205, 206, 233 culture of hygiene, 191, 194, 195–6 Auden, W.H. electroshock therapy, 264, 271–2, 273 American poetry scene, 14, 16 fashion, 127, 129, 133 British poetry trends, 24 food, 117–18, 120, 124–5 Faber and Faber photograph, 306 London launch, 310–11 the lyric, 94–5 Neupert letters and Germany, 238 ‘Musée des Beaux Arts’, 158 original title, 59 Plath biographers, 361, 362 Plath and Stevie Smith, 3, 66, 67, 68 Plath’s correspondence, 287 Plath biographers, 361 teaching contexts, 256 Plath’s correspondence, 284, 285, 288 auteur cinema, 4, 138–46 queer writing contexts, 5, 170–1, 172, 173, Averno (Glück), 357 174–5, 176–8 Axel’s Castle (Wilson), 257 Rosenbergs and Enemy Within, 6, 203–12 Axelrod, Steven Gould, 14, 15, 234, 333, 335 teaching contexts, 259 ‘The Babysitters’ (Plath), 58, 197 television influence, 149, 153 violence against women, 5, 180–9 Bachelard, Gaston, 321, 323 whimsy, 77 Bacon, Francis, 266 you (second person address) 84, 87, 90–1, 92 Badia, Janet, 204 La Belle et La Bête (Cocteau film), 138 Balázs, Béla, 143 Bellow, Saul, 290 ‘The Bald Madonnas’ [‘The Munich Bensing, Robert, 182 Mannequins’] (Plath), 60, 95, 239 ‘Berck-Plage’ (Plath), 139–40, 214, 219, 224, 268, ‘Balloons’ (Plath), 60, 95, 112, 155, 353, 357 269, 320 Banister, Rodney, 29 Bergman, Ingmar Bannon, Ann, Odd Girl Out, 175 auteur cinema, 138, 139–40, 143–5 Barbera, Jack, 70 Brink of Life, 50, 143–4, 148 Barker, George, 24 The Magician, 138 Bate, Jonathan, 309–10, 311, 315 The Seventh Seal, 138, 139–40

Index 399

Through a Glass Darkly, 144–5 on ‘Purdah’, 323 Berry, James, 354 Brand, Millen, 272 Berryman, John, 20, 26 Brans, Jo, 76 Between the Acts (Woolf), 35 ‘Brief Encounter’ (Plath), 238 Beuscher, Dr Ruth, 107, 289, 364 Briggflats (Bunting), 354 Bible, 215 Brink of Life (Bergman film), 50, 143–4, 148 Bieber, Irving, 173 Brinnin, John Malcolm, 80 Binger, Dr Carl, 174–5 British cuisine, 4, 119, 121–2, 123–4 biographers, 9, 360–8 British Library, 311 biographical contexts British Poetry Revival, 29 electroshock therapy, 7, 264–73 British poetry trends, 2, 9, 23–31, 353–4 overview, 7–8 Britzolakis, Christina, 160, 163, 330 Plath’s correspondence, 8, 284–94 Brock, Edwin, 30 Plath’s journals, 7, 123, 245–53 Brontë country, 8, 34, 297–305 Plath’s scrapbooks, 7, 275–82 Brontë, Charlotte Plath’s teaching, 7, 255–61 Jane Eyre, 35, 90 Birthday Letters (Hughes), 17, 110, 113, 131, 159, Villette, 90 268, 309, 312, 363 Brontë, Emily ‘A Birthday Present’ (Plath), 59, 151 Plath in Yorkshire, 8, 297, 301, 302–3 Bishop, Elizabeth Wuthering Heights, 293, 301, 302, 303 American poetry scene, 14, 20 Brooke-Rose, Christine, 34 A Cold Spring, 20 Brooks, Cleanth ‘The Fish’, 261 ekphrastic poetry, 162–3 ‘Large Bad Picture’, 20 the lyric, 94, 95 North & South, 20 The Well Wrought Urn, 95, 162–3 Plath influences, 362 Brown, Marcia, 129, 154, 267, 279, 281, 286 ‘The Prodigal’, 20 Brownjohn, Alan, 30, 354 Vassar College, 175 Brownmiller, Susan, 180 ‘Wading at Wellfleet’, 20 Against Our Will, 187 Bitter Fame (Stevenson), 119, 264, 363–4, 365, 368 Brueghel, Pieter, 158 Black, Eugene, 192 Bryant, Marsha, 76, 151, 321–2, 323 Black British community, 354 ‘Bucolics’ (Plath), 106 ‘Black Coat’ (Hughes), 164 Bundtzen, Lynda K., 320–1, 340 ‘Black Rook in Rainy Weather’ (Plath), 298, Bunting, Basil, Briggflats, 354 300–1, 302 ‘The Burnt-Out Spa’ (Plath), 56 ‘Blackberrying’ (Plath), 41, 58, 109, 353 Burt, Stephen, Close Calls With Nonsense, 18 Blake, William, A Vision of the Last Judgement, Burton, Richard, 48 271–2 Butscher, Edward, Sylvia Plath: Method and ‘Blue Moles’ (Plath), 223 Madness, 362–3, 364, 368 ‘Bluebeard’ (Plath), 15 ‘By Candlelight’ (Plath), 218, 219 Blumenfeld, Erwin, 127 ‘Byzantium’ (Yeats), 96 Boland, Eavan, 354 Botkin, Daniel, 228 The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (film), 272 Bowen, Elizabeth, 287 Calder Valley, 297–8, 299, 304 The Bradford (newspaper), 279 calendars, 280–1 Brain, Tracy The Calm (Hughes), 49 American poetry scene, 14 Cambridge University Ariel editions, 340 British poetry trends, 24, 29–30 The Bell Jar contexts, 170, 210 fashion, 134 film influence, 148, 149 food, 121–2 The Other Sylvia Plath, 75 Fulbright Scholarship, 24, 159, 250, 255, 289, Plath biographers, 363 291, 292 Plath’s electroshock therapy, 264, 271 Plath biographers, 9, 362 Plath’s environmentalism, 232 Plath’s correspondence, 291–3 Plath’s journals, 277 visual art, 159

400 Index

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 233 auteur cinema, 138–9, 140, 141 ‘Candles’ (Plath), 43, 57 La Belle et La Bête, 138 Canon, Poppy, The Can Opener Cookbook, 119 classics, 38 Caprio, Frank Orphée, 138–9, 140 Female Homosexuality, 172 Cohen, Eddie, 288 sexology, 176 Cohen, Lona, 204 Carey, Father Michael, 213, 214, 218 Cohen, Mark, 344 Carmichael, Virginia, 209 Cohen, Morris, 204 Carne-Ross, D.S., 43 Cohen, Ruth, 291 Carson, Rachel A Cold Spring (Bishop), 20 Plath and nature, 221, 223, 231, 232 Cold War, 6, 26, 150, 171, 203, 206, 207, 211, 234 The Sea Around Us, 221, 231 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 364 Silent Spring, 232 Collected Poems (Plath) Under the Sea Wind, 221 ekphrastic poetry, 160–1 Catch-22 (film), 211 experimental poetics, 333–4, 337 The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger), 90–1 food, 117 Cavendish, Margaret, The Female Academy, 76 Hughes on, 14–15, 49 Celan, Paul, 265 nature, 223 cellophane, 196–7, 198 Plath and The New Yorker, 55, 56 censorship, 171, 173, 177 Plath biographers, 361 Cezanne, Paul, 100 whimsy, 78 Chandler, Raymond, 357 Collected Poems (Stevens), 163 ‘Channel Crossing’ (Plath), 334 The Colossus (Plath collection), 15, 23, 31, 75, 139, Chase, Mary Ellen, 255 341, 348 Cheever, Abigail, 265 ‘The Colossus’ (Plath poem), Cherry Grove colony, 169–70 auteur cinema, 145 Chesler, Phyllis, Women and Madness, 265 classics, 38 ‘Child’ (Plath), 60, 103, 112, 155–6, 353, 357 culture of hygiene, 194 childhood, 106, 154–6, 285 ekphrastic poetry, 161 ‘Childless Woman’ (Plath), 336 experimental poetics, 337 children’s stories, 3, 76, 77 the pastoral, 108 Christensen, Danille Elise, 276, 280, 281 Plath biographers, 361, 362 Christian Observer, 195 television and film influence, 148 Christian Science Monitor, 159, 233, 279, 286, colour 291, 293 fashion, 131–3 Christianity, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 251 the lyric and visual art, 99–101 ‘Church Going’ (Larkin), 26 television, 153–4, 155 Ciardi, John, 290 Colum, Padraic, 258, 259 ‘Cinderella’ (Plath), 15 comic books, 154 cinema communism, 150, 171, 206–7 auteur cinema, 4, 138–46 ‘A Comparison’ (Plath), 19, 87, 259 film noir, 141–2, 269, 272–3 ‘Complaint’ (Hughes), 27 television and film influence, 148, 153–4 confessionalism ‘Circus in Three Rings’ (Plath), 290 American poetry scene, 1, 21 Cixous, Hélène, 355 Ariel editions, 343 Clark, Heather, 30 The Bell Jar editions, 347 classics, 2, 33–41 British poetry trends, 31 cleanliness, 192, 198 classics, 41 Clements, Frederic, 226–7, 228 legacy of Plath influence, 9 Cleopatra, 367 Plath and Smith, 70 Cleverdon, Douglas, 47, 49 Plath biographers, 361, 362 climax theory, 226–7 Plath legacy of influence, 351, 355 Close Calls With Nonsense (Burt), 18 The Confessions (Rousseau), 355 ‘The Cocktail Party’ (Eliot), 46 The Confidential Clerk (Eliot), 46 Cocteau, Jean Connors, Kathleen, 131

Index 401

Eye Rhymes, 19, 159 ‘Daddy’ (Plath), Conquest, Robert, New Lines anthology, 25, 28 Ariel editions, 341 Considine, Bob, 209 auteur cinema, 145 ‘Contusion’ (Plath), 60 The Bell Jar editions, 347 ‘Conversation among the Ruins’ (Plath), 78, ekphrastic poetry, 162 106, 159 Nazi imagery, 109, 193, 239, 309 Cook, Fred J., 233 The New Yorker 60 Cooke, Rachel, 77 the pastoral, 108, 109–10 cookery, 4, 7, 86–7, 118–25 Plath and Smith, 66 Coontz, Stephanie Plath biographers, 361, 362, 366 rape culture, 187–8 Plath legacy of influence, 356 A Strange Stirring, 180–1 teaching contexts, 261 Corcoran, Neil, 26 war, 234, 239–40 correspondence, 284–94 Yorkshire poems, 304 Cambridge University, 291–3 you (second person address) 89 childhood, 285 Daily Hampshire Gazette, 287 electroshock therapy, 266–7 ‘Dance in the Dark’ (Lady Gaga song), 350 overview, 8, 294 ‘Danse Macabre’ (Plath), 352 performative aspect, 277 Daphne figure, 35, 41 Plath and The New Yorker, 52–60 ‘Dark House’ (Plath), 81 Plath’s cookery, 119–20 ‘Dark Wood, Dark Water’ (Plath), 55 radio drama, 46–7 Daughters of Bilitis, 170, 174 Smith College, 285–91 ‘The Daughters of Blossom Street’ (Plath), 59, you (second person address), 85–6 268–9 Corso, Gregory, 20 Daves, Jessica, 134 Costello, Bonnie, 163 Davidow-Goodman, Ann, 286, 364 ‘The Courage of Shutting-Up’ (Plath), 41, 59–60, Davie, Donald 141, 151 Movement poets, 25, 26, 28, 75 The Crack in the Picture Window (Keats), 150 Purity of Diction in English Verse, 26 Cradock, Fanny, 121 Davis, Robert Gorham, 287 creative afterlife Davison, Peter, 290, 293 British and American editions of Ariel and Dawson, Jennifer, The Ha-Ha, 204 The Bell Jar, 9, 340–8 ‘A Day in June’ (Plath), 92 experimental poetics, 8–9, 329–38 ‘The Day Mr Prescott Died’ (Plath), 117 legacy of influence, 9, 350–8 de Chirico, Giorgio overview, 8–9 ‘Ariadne’, 366–7 Plath biographers, 9, 360–8 classics, 38 Crime and Punishment (Dostoevsky), 256 ekphrastic poetry, 160–1, 162 Critical Quarterly (journal), 20, 341 the lyric and painting, 98, 99 Crockett, Wilbury, 235, 239 Plath and visual arts, 19 ‘Crossing the Water’ (Plath), 336 Plath biographers, 366–7, 368 Crow (Hughes), 222, 353 whimsy, 76 cultural contexts De Crèvecoeur, St John, 317 art, 5, 158–65 De Tocqueville, Alexis, 317 auteur cinema, 4, 138–46 ‘The Dead’ (Joyce), 178, 256, 258–9 fashion, 4, 126–35 death food, 4, 117–25 Ariel editions, 341–3 overview, 4–5 auteur cinema, 138–40 television, 4–5, 148–56 ekphrastic poetry, 163, 164 culture of hygiene, 5–6, 191–8 food imagery, 117 cummings, e.e., 46, 256, 261, 287 the pastoral, 108, 109–10 Cupid and Psyche (Apuleius), 35 Plath biographers, 362–3, 366–8 Curtains (poetry magazine), 329 ‘Death & Co.’ (Plath), 140, 310 ‘Cut’ (Plath), 40, 234, 261, 321, The Death and Life of Sylvia Plath (Hayman), 363, 342 364, 368

402 Index

Death of a Naturalist (Heaney), 354 ECT. see electroshock therapy, ‘Deceptions’ (Larkin), 27 electro-convulsive therapy The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ‘Edge’ (Plath), (Gibbon), 35 completion of, 312 A Defence of Poetry (Percy Shelley), 351 ekphrastic poetry, 161, 165 The Degenerate Muse (Schulze), 198 experimental poetics, 337 ‘Demon and Beast’ (Yeats), 95 legacy of influence, 353, 356 ‘The Detective’ (Plath), 41, 59, 151 The New Yorker 60 Devon, 8, 48, 49, 123–4, 214–15, 317–24 the pastoral, 112–13 ‘Dialogue over a Ouija Board’ (Plath), 50, 72–3 Plath and Smith, 73 diaries, 276–7, see also journals Plath biographers, 360, 366–8 Dickinson, Emily, 17, 80, 95, 247, 309 and ‘The Wishing Box’ 154 Dior, 126, 127 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 208, 286 Disputed Passage (radio drama), 44–5 ekphrastic poetry, 5, 96, 158, 160–1, 165 ‘The Disquieting Muses’ (Plath), 161 Electra, 34, 108, 362 The Divided Self (Laing), 265 ‘Electra on Azalea Path’ (Plath), 107, 362 Dobbs, Jeannine, 323 electricity, 266, 267–70 Donne, John, 96 electroshock therapy, electro-convulsive therapy ‘Doomsday’ (Plath), 53 (ECT), 7, 171, 203, 205, 206, 209, 211, Dostoevsky, Fyodor 264–73 Crime and Punishment, 256 The Bell Jar and Rosenbergs, 205, 211 Plath at Smith College, 289 electric imagery, 267–70 Double Indemnity (Wilder film), 141 electricity, 266 Douglas, Lloyd C., Disputed Passage, 44 overview, 7 Dowbnia, Renée, 125 Plath’s correspondence, 288 Dowson, Jane, 75 queer writing and The Bell Jar, 173 Dr Strangelove (film), 211 elegies, pastoral, 108 drama. see radio drama Eliot, T.S. dramatic verse, 46–8 American poetry scene, 13, 14, 17 Dread, Beat an’ Blood (Johnson), 354 British poetry trends, 23, 26 ‘A Dream of Horses’ (Hughes), 27 ‘The Cocktail Party’, 46 Drekmeier, Margot, 44, 45 The Confidential Clerk, 46 Drew, Elizabeth ‘East Coker’, 268, 269 Plath at Smith College, 94, 258, 260, 287 electric imagery, 268, 269 Poetic Patterns, 260 experimental poetics, 332–3 T.S. Eliot: The Design of His Poetry, 258 Faber and Faber photograph, 306 Dubliners (Joyce), 178, 258–9 the lyric, 94–5, 96 Duchamp, Marcel, 163 Murder in the Cathedral, 96 Duckett, Eleanor Shipley, 34 The Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats, 82 Duevell, Amy Isbey, 346 Plath influences, 362 Duffy, Carol Ann, 354 radio drama, 46 Duffy, Edward, 170 teaching contexts, 17, 256 Duncan, Isadora, 143 ‘Ella Mason and Her Eleven Cats’ (Plath), Dunham, Lena, 84 79–80, 82 Dunkle, Iris Jamahl, 189 Elliott, William Y., 149 DuPlessis, Rachel, 35 Ellis, Havelock, 174 Dyer, Geoff, 75 ‘Elm’ (Plath), 40, 52, 59, 232 ‘The Dynamo and the Virgin’ (Adams), 267 Embers (Beckett), 49 Dyson, A.E., 341, 342, 344 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 251–3 Emory University archives, 258 ‘East Coker’ (Eliot), 268, 269 ‘The Emperor of Ice-Cream’ (Stevens), 17 ‘Eavesdropper’ (Plath), 67–8, 69, 72, 151 Empson, William, 105 Eberhart, Richard, 20 English poetry, 23–4, 27, see also British poetry ecology, 6, 224, 225, 226–9 trends ecosystems, 227–8 Enright, D.J., 25

Index 403

Entwistle, Alice, 75 The Bell Jar editions, 345–6 environmentalism, 226, 228–9, 231–2 electroshock therapy, 265 Esty, Jed Plath’s literary mothers, 34 nature writing, 230, 231 religious contexts, 216 A Shrinking Island, 230 violence against women and The Bell Jar, 180, eugenics, 191–2, 198 182, 187, 188 ‘Event’ (Plath), 59 femme fatale, 127, 141–2 evolution, 225–6 Ferretter, Luke, 215, 217, 271 experimental poetics, 329–38 ‘Fever 103º’ (Plath), 95–7, 101, 143, 148, 240, overview, 8–9, 329–32 336, 341 Plath’s artifice and play, 333–6 fiction, and the flexible you, 90–2 Plath’s multiplicity, 336–8 ‘The 59th Bear’ (Plath), 232 reframing Plath’s aesthetics, 332–3 ‘Fighting Bodies, Fighting Words’ (Marcus), 181 Extremist poetry, 341 film noir, 141–2, 269, 272–3 Eye Rhymes (Connors and Bayley), 19, 159, 160 films. see cinema ‘The Eye-mote’ (Plath), 76 ‘Finisterre’ (Plath), 58, 109, 213, 218, 353 ‘Fireside Reveries’ (Plath), 366 Faber and Faber The First Book of Lucan (Marlowe), 95 Ariel editions, 340–1 ‘The Fish’ (Bishop), 261 The Bell Jar editions, 344, 345, 346 Fisher, Alfred Young, 290 Hughes influence, 350 Fisher, James party photograph, 306 nature writing, 231 whimsy, 76 Watching Birds, 230–1 fabric, in fashion, 131, 133 Flair (magazine), 128, 132 ‘Face Lift’ (Plath), 57–8, 141 ‘Flute Notes from a Reedy Pond’ (Plath), 56 Fainlight, Ruth, 59, 353 Fogarty, Anne, Wife Dressing, 127 ‘Family Reunion’ (Plath), 335 food, 117–25 Farrell, Thomas, 276–7 food imagery in poetry, 117–18 fascism, 26, 229 overview, 4 fashion, 126–35 Plath’s cookery, 118–25 colour, fabric and feeling, 131–3 ‘For a Fatherless Son’ (Plath), 60, 111, 155, 218 identity and womanhood, 126–30 Ford, Art, 288 overview, 4, 126 Ford, Karen Jackson, 70, 71 Plath’s cookery, 120 Forrest-Thomson, Veronica Plath’s fashion career, 133–5 experimental poetics, 8, 329–30, 332–3, 336, 338 taste and money, 130–1 ‘My Attitudes and Beliefs’, 332–3 ‘Faun’ (Plath), 111 Poetic Artifice, 329, 338 Fauverie (Petit), 356 ‘The Forsaken Merman’ (Arnold), 94 Feinstein, Elaine, 8, 353 Foucault, Michel, Madness and Civilization, 265 The Female Academy (Cavendish), 76 Fournier, Bob, Trauma and the Golden Lady, 265 ‘Female Author’ (Plath), 15 Fowlie, Wallace, 290 female colleges, 174 Fox, H. Munro, The Personality of Animals, 221 Female Homosexuality (Caprio), 172 ‘Fragment 113’ (H.D.), 35 female roles. see women’s roles Frankenstein (Mary Shelley), 266 female writers. see women writers Frayn, Michael, 76, 77 The Feminine Mystique (Friedan), 180–1, 182, 187 Frazer, James, 289, 362 femininity Freud, Sigmund, 113, 187–8, 289 fashion, 127–8 The Interpretation of Dreams, 151 food, 125 Friedan, Betty mirror imagery, 141–2 The Feminine Mystique, 180–1, 182, 187 teaching contexts, 256 rape culture, 187 violence against women and The Bell Jar, ‘Frog Autumn’ (Plath), 117 180–2, 187, 188–9 ‘The Frog Prince’ (Smith), 69–70 whimsy, 75–6 Frost, Robert, 286 feminism Fuchs, Klaus, 206

404 Index

Fulbright Scholarship, 24, 159, 250, 255, 289, ‘Green Rock, Winthrop Bay’ (Plath), 108, 261 291, 292 Greenglass, David, 204, 205, 206, 209 ‘Full Fathom Five’ (Plath), 106–7, 362 Greenlaw, Lavinia, 355 ‘Full Moon and Little Frieda’ (Hughes), 353 Greenwich Village, 169, 176 grief, 81, 108, 109–10, 113, 223, 246 Gardner, Isabella, 13–14 The Group, 29–31, 353–4 Gathings Committee, 175, 176 A Group Anthology, 30, 31 Gauguin, Paul, 98, 160 Guest, Barbara, 20, 21 gay fiction, 5, 173–4, 175–6 Gunn, Thom, 25, 28 gaze, male, 141–2 Gebauer, George, 281 H.D., 330, 336 gender contexts ‘Fragment 113’, 35 American poetry scene, 2, 14, 19 Hacker, Helen Meyer, 185 The Bell Jar contexts, 169–78, 180–9, 206, Hagood, Amanda, 231 209–10 The Ha-Ha (Dawson), 204 classics, 37, 39 Haley, Sir William, 49 culture of hygiene, 5–6, 191–8 Hall, Donald, 18 fashion, 127–8 Hall, Radclyffe, The Well of Loneliness, 173–4, 175 food, 125 Halliwell, Martin, 149–50 queer writing contexts, 169–78 Hamburger, Michael, 28 religious contexts, 213, 216–17 Hammer, Langdon, 242, 257 violence against women, 180–9 ‘The Hanging Man’ (Plath), 58, 264 Georgics (Virgil), 39–40 ‘Hardcastle Crags’ (Plath), 297, 298, 300, 301, Germany, 237–40, 241 302–3, 318 ‘Getting There’ (Plath), 234 Hardwick, Elizabeth, 204, 361–2, 368 Ghose, Zulfikar, 30 Hardy, Thomas, 354 Gibbon, Edward, 35–6 Harper’s (magazine), 53, 55, 287 The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 35 Harrison, Jane, 34 ‘The Gibbon’ (Woolf), 36 Hart, Henry, 351 ‘Gigolo’ (Plath), 60, 95 Hartmann, Audrey, 169 Gilbert, Sandra, 50, 139, 140 The Haunting of Sylvia Plath (Rose), 301, 330–1 Gill, Brendan, 290 The Hawk in the Rain (Hughes collection), Gill, Jo, 17, 277 293, 352 Gilmore, Paul, 266 ‘The Hawk in the Rain’ (Hughes poem), 300 Gitlin, Todd, 152 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 256 Glascock Poetry Contest, 282, 290, 352 Hayman, Ronald, The Death and Life of Sylvia glittering imagery, 95 Plath, 363, 364, 368 Glück, Louise Hayward, John, 70 Averno, 357 ‘He wishes his Beloved were Dead’ (Yeats), 367–8 The House on Marshland, 356 Heaney, Seamus The Seven Ages, 357 criticism of Plath, 309 symbolic logic, 356–7 Death of a Naturalist, 354 ‘Gnat-Psalm’ (Hughes), 353 experimental poetics, 330 God, in poetry, 213, 214, 215–16, 217, 252 The Government of the Tongue, 94 ‘The God’ (Hughes), 145 ‘The Indefatigable Hoof-taps’, 97 ‘Gog’ (Hughes), 353 the lyric, 94, 96, 97, 103 Gold, Harry, 206 North, 351 Goldemberg, Rose Leiman, 265 Plath legacy of influence, 351, 354 The Government of the Tongue (Heaney), 94 the heavenly, 68–70 Graham, Jorie, 355 ‘Heavy Woman’ (Plath), 58 Materialism, 355 Hecht, Anthony, 20, 261 Overlord, 355 Hecht, Pat, 34, 37 Granta, 77 Heffernan, James, Museum of Words, 158 Graves, Robert, 362, 367, 368 Heilbrun, Carolyn, 361 ‘The Great Carbuncle’ (Plath), 300 Hejinian, Lyn, 330

Index 405

Helfand, Jessica, Scrapbooks, 275 Sylvia Plath: Drawings, 19 Helle, Anita, 277, 340 television effect, 155 Hemenway, Robert, 52, 56–7 Hughes, Nicholas, 68, 143, 313 Hemingway, Ernest, 265 Hughes, Olwyn, 284, 313, 315, 369 Hemmerle, Cheryl A., 213, 216 Hughes, Ted Herbert, Zbigniew, 29 Ariel editions, 264, 340 Hibbett, Ryan, 27 British poetry trends, 27, 29, 30 High Pink on Chrome (Prynne), 354 classics, 41 Highet, Gilbert, The Art of Teaching, 257, 259 Cold War, 203 Hill, Geoffrey, 354 ekphrastic poetry, 164 Hill, Selima, 357 electric imagery, 266, 268 ‘Never Go to Sleep in a Lake’, 357 experimental poetics, 330, 333–4, 337 The Sparkling Jewel of Naturism, 357 Faber and Faber photograph, 306 Hiroshima, 234, 237, 240 the lyric, 100 Hiroshima Mon Amour (Resnais film), 142–3, 148 Modern Poetry in Translation, 29 Hitchcock, Alfred, 272 nature writing, 27, 221–2, 224, 229, 230 North by Northwest, 148 the pastoral, 111, 113 Hobsbaum, Philip, 29, 30–1 Plath and American poetry scene, 14–15, 17, 21 Hockney, David, 20 Plath and fashion, 131, 132, 133 Hollander, John, 330 Plath and food, 118–19, 120, 122–3, 124 Holocaust Plath and The New Yorker, 54–5, 57, 60 Movement poets, 26 Plath biographers, 361, 362, 363, 367 Plath imagery, 193, 205, 218, 234, 236, 239 Plath correspondence, 284, 292, 293 war, 234, 236, 239 Plath first meeting, 30, 132, 160, 292 Holub, Miroslav, 29 Plath in London, 306, 307–10, 311–15 ‘Home Thoughts from London’ (Plath), 57 Plath legacy of influence, 9, 350, 352–3 Homer, 33 Plath marriage and honeymoon, 124, 133, homosexuality, 171–3, 177–8 159, 293 Hooker, Dr Evelyn, 172–3 Plath separation, 124, 129, 307–8, 311, 322 Hooton, E.A., 192 radio drama, 43, 48–9 Hoover, J. Edgar, 206–7, 209 television effect, 154–5 hope, 219 war history, 237 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 256, 355 West Yorkshire, 8, 297, 298, 300, 301, 304 Horder, Dr, 308, 311, 314 whimsy, 77, 78, 79, 80 ‘Hospital Notes’ (Plath), 156, 269–70 works ‘Hospital Poems’ (Plath), 195 ‘The Bee God’, 40 Hosseini, Khaled, The Kite Runner, 175 Birthday Letters. see Birthday Letters The House of Aries (Hughes), 48 (Hughes) The House of Taurus (Hughes), 48 ‘Black Coat’, 164 The House on Marshland (Glück), 356 The Calm, 49 A Houseful of Women (Hughes), 2 ‘Complaint’, 27 Howe, Irving, 146 Crow, 222, 353 Howe, Susan, 330 ‘A Dream of Horses’, 27 Howls & Whispers (Hughes), 113 ‘Full Moon and Little Frieda’, 353 Hudson, W.H., 229 ‘Gnat-Psalm’, 353 Hughes, Frieda ‘The God’, 145 art, 159 ‘Gog’, 353 birth of, 56 The Hawk in the Rain (collection), 293, 352 food, 124 ‘The Hawk in the Rain’ (poem), 300 ‘My Mother’, 355 The House of Aries, 48 Plath in London, 313 The House of Taurus, 48 Plath’s activism, 233 A Houseful of Women, 2 Plath’s correspondence, 284 Howls & Whispers, 113 poetry, 355 ‘The Inscription’, 312 religion, 215 ‘Jaguar’, 352

406 Index

Hughes, Ted (cont.) Jeffs, Christine, 350 ‘The Literary Life’, 17 Jennings, Elizabeth The Odyssey translation, 48 British poetry trends, 25, 28 Oresteia, 41 The Mind Has Mountains, 28 ‘Pike’, 230 Plath legacy of influence, 354 ‘The Rabbit Catcher’, 122 Recoveries, 28 ‘Red’, 131 Song for a Birth or a Death, 28 ‘Skylarks’, 353 Jinghua, Fan, 99, 165 ‘Song of a Rat’, 353 Joan of Arc, 208, 209 Tales from Ovid, 41 ‘Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams’ (Plath), ‘The Thought-Fox’, 352 90, 195, 203, 205, 268, 270–1 Winter Pollen, 111 Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 354 Wodwo, 353 Dread, Beat an’ Blood, 354 The Wound, 2, 44, 48–9 Jones, David, 29 ‘Your Paris’, 159 journals, 245–53 Huk, Romana, 69 American poetry scene, 13–14, 16 hygiene, 5–6, 191–8 Devon isolation, 319–20 Emerson’s persona, 251–3 ‘I Am an American’ (Lieberman), 267 experimental poetics, 337 ‘I Am an American’ (Plath), 267 food, 121, 123 ‘I Am Vertical’ (Plath), 40, 58, 303 overview, 7 ‘I Shall Not Care’ (Teasdale), 367 performative aspect, 277 ‘I Thought That I Could Not Be Hurt’ Plath’s correspondence, 285 (Plath), 365 radio drama, 43, 50 ‘Idea of Order at Key West’ (Stevens), 164 and scrapbooks, 277 idyllic pastoral elegy, 108 Sontag, 248 imagist poetry, 19, 26, 337, 351 Woolf, 35–6, 245–6, 250–1 Imitations (Lowell), 29 Joy of Cooking (Rombauer), 4, 86–7, 119 ‘In a Station of the Metro’ (Pound), 19, 337 Joyce, James ‘In Flanders Fields’ (Macrae), 236 American poetry scene, 13, 21 ‘In Plaster’ (Plath), 34, 58 ‘The Dead’, 178, 256, 258–9 ‘Inauguration Day: January 1953’ (Lowell), 20 Dubliners, 178, 258–9 ‘The Indefatigable Hoof-taps’ (Heaney), 97 Plath influences, 362 influence, legacy of, 9, 350–8 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 256, ‘The Inscription’ (Hughes), 312 257–8 ‘Insolent Storm Strikes at the Skull’ (Plath), 335 teaching contexts, 21, 256, 257–9 ‘Insomniac’ (Plath), 38, 58, 151 Ulysses, 13 The Interpretation of Dreams (Freud), 151 Jules et Jim (Truffaut film), 141–2 Irene Glascock Poetry Contest, 282, 290, 352 Jung, Carl, 289, 362 isolation, 317–19, 321–4 The Archetypes and the Collective The It-Doesn’t-Matter-Suit And Other Stories Unconscious, 272 (Plath), 76 juvenilia, 15–16, 78, 365–6

Jackson, Shirley, 204 Karmiloff, Igor, 288 Jacob’s Room (Woolf), 35, 36–7 Kassay, Attila, 287 ‘Jaguar’ (Hughes), 352 Katriel, Tamar, 276–7 James, Henry, 256, 260 Kavaler-Adler, Susan, 351 ‘The Pupil’, 260 Kazin, Alfred, 289, 290 James, William, Varieties of Religious Keating, Patrick, 272 Experience, 256 Keats, John, 98, 300 Jane Eyre (Charlotte Brontë), 35, 90 ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, 158, 163 ‘Janet Waking’ (Ransom), 260 Keats, John C., The Crack in the Picture Jarrell, Randall, 20 Window, 150 jazz music, 29 Kendall, Tim, 16, 89, 207, 301, 303–4 Jefferies, Richard, 229 Keniston, Ann, 239

Index 407

Kenner, Hugh, 258, 259 Plath’s scrapbooks, 281 Kesey, Ken, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, 265 landscape poetry, 298–304, 353 Key, Percy, 139, 319–20 Landshoff, Herman, 133 Key, Rose, 319–20 ‘Lapis Lazuli’ (Yeats), 95 Khrushchev, Nikita, 207, 292 ‘Large Bad Picture’ (Bishop), 20 ‘Kindness’ (Plath), 60, 112 Larkin, Philip Kinsey, Dr Alfred, 182, 187 ‘At Grass’, 27 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, 182 British poetry trends, 25, 26–7, 28, 354 Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, 172, 182 ‘Church Going’, 26 Kinsey, Tony, 29 ‘Deceptions’, 27 Kirk, Connie, 264, 319 ‘Myxomatosis’, 27 ‘kitchen debate’, 207, 210 ‘Next, Please’, 27 The Kite Runner (Hosseini), 175 ‘Last Words’ (Plath), 58 Klee, Paul, 19, 38, 98, 160, 161–2 Lawrence, D. H. Klein, Elinor Friedman, 291 nature writing, 224, 229 Klein, Viola, 182–3, 187 Plath influences, 368 Koch, Kenneth, 18 ‘Prayer’, 367 Kopp, Jane Baltzell, 362 teaching contexts, 256 Korean War, 233, 234, 238 ‘Tortoise Shout’, 229 Krogers spies, 203–4 Lazarus of Bethany, 216–17 Kroll, Judith, 146, 367 Lear, Edward, 78 Krook, Dorothea, 34, 292 ‘Leaving Early’ (Plath), 40, 57 Kukil, Karen V., 284 Leavis, F.R., 29, 224–5 Kunitz, Stanley, 20 Lee, Hermione, 360 Lefebvre, Henri, 76 The Ladder (magazine), 174 legacy of influence, 9, 350–8 Ladies’ Home Journal Leighton, Angela, 17, 96 culture of hygiene, 196 lesbian fiction, 5, 173–4, 175–6 domesticity, 76 lesbian sexuality, 169–70, 171–3, 174–5, 177–8 Plath’s cookery, 124 ‘Lesbos’ (Plath), 150–1, 321, 355 Plath’s stories, 290 Lessing, Doris, 307 television, 4, 148, 152, 153, 154 ‘Letter in November’ (Plath), 111, 234, 323–4 Lady Gaga, 350 letters. see correspondence ‘Lady Lazarus’ (Plath) Letters Home (Plath) Ariel editions, 341, 342 deletions, 8, 284 auteur cinema, 140, 142 and The Letters of Sylvia Plath, 294 ekphrastic poetry, 162 photographs, 345 the lyric, 96–7, 101 Plath and The New Yorker, 52 Nazi imagery, 71, 193, 309 Plath’s cookery, 120, 124 the pastoral, 107 Plath’s electroshock therapy, 266 Plath biographers, 360, 362, 366 religious contexts, 214 Plath’s journals, 7, 249, 253 scrapbooks, 277, 278 religious contexts, 213, 216–17 Yorkshire, 298, 302, 304 television and spectacle, 151 Letters Home (play), 265–6 war and Germany, 238 The Letters of Sylvia Plath, you (second person address) 88, 89 childhood, 285 Laing, R.D., The Divided Self, 265 creative afterlife, 348 LaMar, Nathaniel, 291 and Letters Home 285, 292, 294 Lameyer, Gordon overview, 284–5, 294 gift to Plath, 257 Plath’s correspondence, 8, 284 Plath and classics, 33 Plath’s electroshock therapy, 266 Plath’s correspondence, 17, 77, 85, 287, 288, Smith College, 285–91 289, 290, 291 you (second person address) 85 Plath’s electroshock therapy, 267 Levine, Jay Arnold, 89 Plath’s radio drama, 46 Lieberman, Elias, ‘I Am an American’, 267

408 Index

Lieberman, Jennifer, 266 Plath’s ‘The Moon and the Yew Tree’, 100–1, ‘A Life’ (Plath), 57, 87 213, 218, 219, 220 Life Studies (Lowell), 18, 20, 27, 31 Plath’s ‘Tulips’ 99–100 lighting imagery, 272–3 visual art and painting, 98–101 Lilly Library archive, 118, 124, 276, 277, 278 Macbeth, George, 30 Lipsitz, George, 149 MacCaig, Norman, 354 literary contexts Macedo, Helder, 307 American poetry scene, 1–2, 13–22 Macedo, Suzette, 306–7, 308, 310, 313 British poetry trends, 2, 23–31 Mackenzie, Rachel, 52, 55, 56 classics, 2, 33–41 MacNeice, Louis, 13, 24, 306 The New Yorker, 2, 52–60 Macpherson, Pat, 205, 206–7 overview, 1–2 Macrae, John, ‘In Flanders Fields’, 236 radio drama, 2, 43–51 ‘Mad Girl’s Love Song’ (Plath), 53, 77, 87–8 ‘The Literary Life’ (Hughes), 17 Mad Girl’s Love Song (Wilson), 361, 364 literary technique and influence Mademoiselle (magazine) the lyric, 3, 94–103 advertising, 87–8 overview, 3–4 The Bell Jar contexts, 169, 180, 272, 346, 348 the pastoral, 3–4, 105–13 and Dylan Thomas, 24, 47 Plath and Stevie Smith, 3, 65–73 fashion, 127, 128, 133, 134, 135 Plath and you, 3, 84–92 Plath poem submissions, 53, 77 whimsy, 3, 75–82 Plath’s cookery, 120 ‘Little Fugue’ (Plath), 149 Plath’s correspondence, 286, 287, 290 Litvak, Anatole, 272 Plath’s scrapbooks, 281 Logue, Christopher, 29 ‘Poets on Campus’, 261 London, 8, 30, 129–30, 306–15 ‘Magi’ (Plath), 57, 192–3, 219 London Magazine, 59, 72, 291 The Magician (Bergman film), 138 Lorde, Audre, 169 ‘Magnolia Shoals’ (Plath), 55 ‘Lorelei’ (Plath), 106–7 Malcolm, Janet, 368 Lotz, Myron, 148, 287, 289 The Silent Woman, 368 ‘Love is a Parallax’ (Plath), 352 male gaze, 141–2 ‘Love Letter’ (Plath), 57 male power, 213, 216–17 Lowell, Amy, 13 Mama Amazonica (Petit), 356 Lowell, Robert Man and the Vertebrates (Romer), 221, 223, 225–6 American poetry scene, 18–19, 20, 21 ‘Man in Black’ (Plath), 159, 164 Ariel editions, 341, 343, 344 ‘The Man with the Blue Guitar’ (Stevens), 160 British poetry trends, 26, 27–8, 29 Marcus, Sharon, ‘Fighting Bodies, Fighting Confessionalism, 31, 70, 343, 361–2 Words’, 181 experimental poetics, 332 Marian love, 213, 217–18 Imitations, 29 Mark, Enid, 290 ‘Inauguration Day: January 1953’, 20 Marlowe, Christopher, The First Book of Life Studies, 18, 20, 27, 31 Lucan, 95 Plath and Alvarez, 309 ‘Mary’s Song’ (Plath), 117, 218, 239, 336 Plath biographers, 361–2 masculinity, 75, 187, 188–9, 213, 216–17, 256 Plath legacy of influence, 352, 357 Materialism (Graham), 355 poetry class, 41 Matthiessen, F.O., 211 ‘Skunk Hour’, 20 Mavericks (anthology), 28–9 Loy, Mina, 330, 336 Maxwell, William, 52 Lucas, John, 28 May, Elaine Tyler, 207 Lucie-Smith, Edward, 30 ‘Mayflower’ (Plath), 299–300 ‘Lycidas’ (Milton), 108 McCardell, Claire, 131 the lyric, 94–103 McCarthy, Joseph, 211, 286 defining, 94 McCarthyism, 205, 206 overview, 3 McClintock, Anne, Imperial Leather, 192 Plath legacy of influence, 354 McCullough, Frances, 284, 347

Index 409

McCurdy, Philip, 281, 288, 289, 362 culture of hygiene, 198 McKenna, Rollie, 256, 344 ‘Nevertheless’, 260, 261 McLean Hospital, Belmont, 257, 264, 288, 289, ‘The Pangolin’, 261 292, 361 Plath inﬂuences, 362 Mead, Margaret, 154, 156 Plath legacy of inﬂuence, 352 ‘Medallion’ (Plath), 163 Plath meetings, 46, 290 ‘Medusa’ (Plath), 108, 109, 110, 162 Plath’s teaching, 260, 261 ‘Memoirs of a Spinach Picker’ (Plath), 55 ‘Morning Song’ (Plath), 57, 111, 112 Memoirs of Hadrian (Yourcenar) 38 Mosley, Sir Oswald, 229 memory, 276 Moss, Howard, 52, 53–4, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60 mental illness, 40, 112, 360, 361–2, 364 motherhood, 111–12, 143–4, 209, 210, 218–19 Merrill, James, 20 ‘Mothers’ (Plath), 132, 319 Merwin, Dido ‘The Motive for Metaphor’ (Stevens), 260 Plath and The New Yorker, 58, 60 Movement poets Plath in London, 307, 311 British poetry trends, 2, 24–6, 28, 354 Plath’s cookery, 120–1, 124 whimsy, 3, 75 ‘Vessel of Wrath’, 119 Mrs Dalloway (Woolf), 170 Merwin, W.S. (Bill), 20, 57–8, 60, 308, 311 ‘Ms. Found Under a Serviette in a Lovely Home’ Metamorphoses (Apuleuis), 35 (Nash), 80 Metamorphoses (Ovid), 34, 40–1 Muir, Donna, 345 ‘Metamorphoses of the Moon’ (Plath), 336 multiplicity, 336–8 ‘Metaphors’ (Plath), 40 Mulvey, Laura, 141, 142 Meyersohn, Rolf B., 153 ‘The Munich Mannequins’ (Plath), 60, 95, 239 Midcentury Quartet (Travisano), 20 Murder in the Cathedral (Eliot), 96 Middlebrook, Diane, 49, 277 ‘Musée des Beaux Arts’ (Auden), 158 Mildorf, Jarmila, 91 Museum of Modern Art, 77, 290 Millay, Edna St Vincent, 362 Museum of Words (Heffernan), 158 Miller, Karl, 306 ‘Mushrooms’ (Plath), 56, 81 Miller, Meredith, 171 music, 29 Millett, Kate, 188 ‘Mussel Hunter at Rock Harbor’ (Plath), 53–4 Milton, John, 257 ‘Mutchmore and Not-So’ (Smith), 69 ‘Lycidas’, 108 ‘My Attitudes and Beliefs’ (Forrest-Thomson), The Mind Has Mountains (Jennings), 28 332–3 Mirabella, Angelina, 88 ‘My Mother’ (Frieda Hughes), 355 mirror imagery, 140–1, 142, 151, 289 Myers, Lucas, 20, 315 ‘Mirror’ (Plath), 20, 58, 141 ‘Mystic’ (Plath), 60, 95, 145–6, 214, 219–20 ‘Miss Drake Proceeds to Supper’ (Plath), 40 ‘Myxomatosis’ (Larkin), 27 Mitchell, Kaye, 176, 177 Mitchell, W.J.T., 158 Nadel, Alan, 203 Mitford, Nancy, Noblesse Oblige, 80 Nash, Ogden, 80, 286 modern art, 77, 98, 158–9, 162, 163, 290 ‘Ms. Found Under a Serviette in a Lovely Modern Poetry in Translation (magazine), 29 Home’, 80 modernism National Health Service, 231 American poetry scene, 1, 13 natural pastoral elegy, 108 British poetry trends, 23, 25–6, 354 Natural Theology, 227 ekphrastic poetry, 163 nature, 221–32 experimental poetics, 330 balance of nature, 226–7 the lyric, 99 ecology, 226–9 Plath biographers, 362 Hughes poetry, 27, 221–2, 224, 229, 230 Plath’s teaching, 7 the lyric, 102 Monroe, Marilyn, 55, 363 natural pastoral elegy, 108 ‘The Moon and the Yew Tree’ (Plath) 58 overview, 6 Moore, Marianne Nazism American poetry scene, 13–14, 17, 21 eugenics, 191 ‘The Armadillo’, 261 Plath imagery, 71, 109, 193, 239, 309

410 Index

Nazism (cont.) ‘Ode for Ted’ (Plath), 111 primitivism and degeneracy, 226 ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’ (Keats), 158, 163 war and Germany, 239, 240 The Odyssey (Hughes translation), 48 Nelson, Deborah, 150, 332, 333 Oedipus (Sophocles), 34, 37, 256 Nelson, Maggie, 360, 361 O’Hara, Frank, 18, 21 Nelson, Neva, 180 Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats (Eliot), 82 Neo-Romantics, 2, 24, 25 Olds, Sharon Nestle, Joan, 169 Satan Says, 356 ‘The Net-Menders’ (Plath), 55–6 symbolic logic, 356 Neupert, Hans-Joachim, 233, 234–6, 237–41, 285 ‘On Deck’ (Plath), 56–7 ‘Never Go to Sleep in a Lake’ (Selima Hill), 357 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (Kesey), 265 ‘Nevertheless’ (Moore), 260, 261 Oresteia (Hughes), 41 ‘The New Age’ (Smith), 73 Orozco, José Clemente, 38 The New American Poetry (anthology), 18 Orphée (Cocteau film), 138–9, 140 The New Apocalypse (anthology), 24 Orr, Peter, 18, 24, 65, 99, 235, 236, 237 New Apocalyptics. see Neo-Romantics ‘Ortolan’ (Petit), 357 New Criticism, 29, 94, 99, 162, 165 Ortunio, Tomas, 56 New Lines (Conquest anthology), 25, 28 Orwell, George, ‘Some Thoughts on the New Orleans Poetry Journal, 290 Common Toad’, 231 The New Poetry (Alvarez), 2, 23–4, 26–7 Ostriker, Alicia, 35 New Poets of England and America (anthology), 18 The Other Sylvia Plath (Brain), 75 New York School poets, 21 ‘Ouija’ (Plath), 38, 73, 117 The New Yorker (magazine) 2, 52–60, 79–80, 289 Overlord (Graham), 355 Newnham College, Cambridge, 118, 250, 255, Ovid 291–3 classics, 35, 36 ‘Next, Please’ (Larkin), 27 Metamorphoses, 34, 40–1 Nichols, Grace, 354 ‘Owl’ (Plath), 352 ‘Nick and the Candlestick’ (Plath), 111–12, 218–19, 223 pacifism, 241 Nicolson, Nigel, 86 Pack, Robert, 18 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 286 Packer, Vin, Spring Fire, 175, 176 ‘Night Walk’ (Plath), 54 Pain, Parties, Work (Winder), 265 Nixon, Richard, 207, 210 painting Noblesse Oblige (Mitford), 80 ekphrastic poetry, 158–60, 162, 163 ‘Nocturne’ (Plath), 53, 54 the lyric, 98–101, 102 North (Heaney), 351 ‘The Pangolin’ (Moore), 261 North & South (Bishop), 20 Paracelsus, 272 North by Northwest (Hitchcock film), 148 ‘Paralytic’ (Plath), 60, 197, 353 North Tawton, Devon, 278, 306, 319, 321, 323–4 Parker, Joshua, 84, 91 Norton, Perry, 233 Parsons, Talcott, 266 Norton, Richard (Dick), 279, 286, 289 The Passion of Joan of Arc (film), 77–8 ‘Not Waving But Drowning’ (Smith), 70, 71 ‘The Passionate Shepherd to His Love’ ‘Note to a Neophyte’ (Plath), 335–6 (Marlowe), 111 Novel on Yellow Paper (Smith), 65, 66–7, 69 the pastoral, 105–13 ‘November Graveyard’ (Plath), 298–9, 301, 302, motherhood, 111–12 304, 318 overview, 3–4 nuclear disarmament, 233 pastoral elegies, 108 nuclear war, 234 suburbia, 195 pathetic fallacy, 353 Oates, Joyce Carol, 102, 360 pathography, 360, 364 objectivity, 332–3 peace, 241 obscenity trials, 173–4, 175 Peel, Robin, 148 ‘Ocean 1212-W’ (Plath), 20, 94, 106, 110, 223 Penelope, 33, 108 O’Connor, Frank, 269, 288 Pentagram (publisher), 341, 345 Odd Girl Out (Bannon), 175 Peoria Star cartoon, 280

Index 411

Perloff, Marjorie, 76, 264 overview, 7–8 ‘Perseus, The Triumph of Wit Over Suffering’ photographs, 278–9, 343–4, 345 (Plath), 81, 117, 159, 161–2, 332 scrapbooks, 7, 275–82 The Personality of Animals (Fox), 221 teaching, 7, 255–61, 352 perspective, 98–9, 102 creative afterlife Petit, Pascale biographers, 9, 360–8 Fauverie, 356 British and American editions of Ariel and Mama Amazonica, 356 The Bell Jar, 9, 340–8 ‘Ortolan’, 357 experimental poetics, 8–9, 329–38 Plath legacy of influence, 356–7 legacy of influence, 9, 350–8 ‘Pheasant’ (Plath), 17, 117 overview, 8–9 The Philippian (school magazine), 279, 366 cultural contexts Phillips, Paul, 177 art, 5, 158–65 Phillips Junior High School, 236 auteur cinema, 4, 138–46 photographs fashion, 4, 126–35 Ariel editions, 343–4 food, 4, 117–25 The Bell Jar editions, 345, 346–7 overview, 4–5 Plath’s correspondence, 289 television, 4–5, 148–56 Plath’s scrapbooks, 278–9, 280 literary contexts Picasso, Pablo, 159, 160, 362 American poetry scene, 1–2, 13–22 ‘Pike’ (Hughes), 230 British poetry trends, 2, 23–31 place classics, 2, 33–41 overview, 8 The New Yorker, 2, 52–60 Plath in Devon, 8, 317–24 overview, 1–2 Plath in London, 8, 306–15 radio drama, 2, 43–51 Plath in Yorkshire, 8, 297–305 literary technique and influence Plath, Aurelia the lyric, 3, 94–103 death of husband, 66, 214 overview, 3–4 Dickinson poetry, 95 the pastoral, 3–4, 105–13 Hughes’s correspondence, 314 Stevie Smith, 3, 65–73 Neupert letters, 235, 238 whimsy, 3, 75–82 Plath biographers, 364 you (second person address), 3, 84–92 Plath’s correspondence, 15, 85, 86, 124, 284, 289 place Plath’s electroshock therapy, 264, 265–6 Devon, 8, 49, 123–4, 317–24 Plath’s scrapbooks, 275, 277, 278, 280 London, 8, 56, 129–30, 306–15 religion, 214 overview, 8 writings, 45 Yorkshire, 8, 122 Plath, Otto political and religious contexts death of, 34, 66, 106, 107, 362–3, 364–5 The Bell Jar and Rosenbergs, 6, 203–12 German nationality, 238 nature, 6, 221–32 Plath biographers, 9, 362–3, 364–5 overview, 6–7 religion, 214 religion, 6, 213–20 Plath, Sylvia war, 6–7, 233–41 biographical contexts sexual and gender contexts childhood, 66, 106, 214, 285 culture of hygiene, 5–6, 191–8 correspondence, 8, 284–94 overview, 5–6 death, 23, 60, 113, 118, 124, 304, 341–2, 364, queer writing and The Bell Jar, 5, 169–78 366–8 violence against women and The Bell Jar, 5, education. see Cambridge University; Smith 180–9 College and Ted Hughes electroshock therapy, 7, 264–73 first meeting, 30, 132, 160, 292 health and mental health, 24, 57, 112, 281, marriage and honeymoon, 124, 133, 159, 293 288, 289, 293, 310–11, 312–15 poetic legacy, 9, 350, 352–3 journals, 7, 123, 245–53 separation, 124, 129, 307–8, 311, 322 motherhood, 111–12, 143–4 works

412 Index

Plath, Sylvia (cont.) ‘Danse Macabre’, 352 ‘Alicante Lullaby’, 78–9 ‘Dark House’, 81 ‘All the Dead Dears’, 302, 332 ‘Dark Wood, Dark Water’, 55 ‘America! America!’, 20 ‘The Daughters of Blossom Street’, 59, ‘Amnesiac’, 60 268–9 ‘Among the Bumblebees’, 40 ‘A Day in June’, 92 ‘Among the Narcissi’, 59, 336 ‘The Day Mr Prescott Died’, 117 ‘Apparel for April’, 133 ‘Death & Co.’, 140, 310 ‘An Appearance’, 338 ‘The Detective’, 41, 59, 151 ‘The Applicant’, 60, 87, 89–90, 140–1 ‘Dialogue over a Ouija Board’, 50, 72–3 ‘Aquatic Nocturne’, 335 ‘The Disquieting Muses’, 161 Ariel (collection). see Ariel (Plath collection) ‘Doomsday’, 53 ‘Ariel’ (poem). see ‘Ariel’ (Plath poem) drawings, 19, 76, 159 ‘The Arrival of the Bee Box’, 39, 102–3, ‘Eavesdropper’, 67–8, 69, 72, 151 110, 356 ‘Edge’. see ‘Edge’ (Plath) ‘The Babysitters’, 58, 197 ‘Electra on Azalea Path’, 107, 362 ‘Balloons’, 60, 95, 112, 155, 353, 357 ‘Ella Mason and Her Eleven Cats’, The Bed Book, 91 79–80, 82 ‘The Bee Meeting’, 35, 111, 320–1, 356 ‘Elm’, 40, 52, 59, 232 bee poems, 2, 39–40, 60, 110–11, 355–6 ‘Event’, 59 ‘The Beekeeper’s Daughter’, 107, 111 ‘The Eye-mote’, 76 The Bell Jar. see The Bell Jar (Plath) ‘Face Lift’, 57–8, 141 ‘Berck-Plage’. see ‘Berck-Plage’ (Plath) ‘Family Reunion’, 335 ‘A Birthday Present’, 59, 151 ‘Faun’, 111 ‘Black Rook in Rainy Weather’, 298, ‘Female Author’, 15 300–1, 302 ‘Fever 103º’. see ‘Fever 103º’ (Plath) ‘Blackberrying’, 41, 58, 109, 353 ‘The 59th Bear’, 232 ‘Blue Moles’, 223 ‘Finisterre’, 58, 109, 213, 218, 353 ‘Bluebeard’, 15 ‘Fireside Reveries’, 366 ‘Brief Encounter’, 238 ‘Flute Notes from a Reedy Pond’, 56 ‘Bucolics’, 106 ‘For a Fatherless Son’, 60, 111, 155, 218 ‘The Burnt-Out Spa’, 56 ‘Frog Autumn’, 117 ‘By Candlelight’, 218, 219 ‘Full Fathom Five’, 106–7, 362 ‘Candles’, 43, 57 ‘Getting There’, 234 ‘Channel Crossing’, 334 ‘Gigolo’, 60, 95 ‘Child’, 60, 103, 112, 155–6, 353, 357 ‘The Great Carbuncle’, 300 ‘Childless Woman’, 336 ‘Green Rock, Winthrop Bay’, 108, 261 children’s stories, 3, 76, 77 ‘The Hanging Man’, 58, 264 ‘Cinderella’, 15 ‘Hardcastle Crags’, 297, 298, 300, 301, ‘Circus in Three Rings’, 290 302–3, 318 collages, 126–7, 208 ‘Heavy Woman’, 58 Collected Poems. see Collected Poems (Plath) ‘Home Thoughts from London’, 57 The Colossus (collection). see The Colossus ‘Hospital Notes’, 156, 269–70 (Plath collection) ‘Hospital Poems’, 195 ‘The Colossus’ (poem). see ‘The Colossus’ ‘I Am an American’, 267 (Plath poem) ‘I Am Vertical’, 40, 58, 303 ‘A Comparison’, 19, 87, 259 ‘I Thought That I Could Not Be Hurt’, 365 ‘Contusion’, 60 ‘In Plaster’, 34, 58 ‘Conversation among the Ruins’, 78, ‘Insolent Storm Strikes at the Skull’, 335 106, 159 ‘Insomniac’, 38, 58, 151 ‘The Courage of Shutting-Up’, 41, 59–60, The It-Doesn’t-Matter-Suit And Other 141, 151 Stories, 76 ‘Crossing the Water’, 336 ‘Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams’, 90, ‘Cut’, 40, 234, 261, 321, 342 195, 203, 205, 268, 270–1 ‘Daddy’. see ‘Daddy’ (Plath) juvenilia, 15–16, 78, 365–6

Index 413

‘Kindness’, 60, 112 ‘Poppies in October’, 159, 164–5 ‘Lady Lazarus’. see ‘Lady Lazarus’ (Plath) ‘The Princess and the Goblins’, 15 ‘Last Words’, 58 ‘Private Ground’, 38, 58 ‘Leaving Early’, 40, 57 ‘Purdah’. see ‘Purdah’ (Plath) ‘Lesbos’, 150–1, 321, 355 ‘Pursuit’, 80, 293, 352 ‘Letter in November’, 111, 234, 323–4 ‘The Rabbit Catcher’. see ‘The Rabbit Letters Home. see Letters Home (Plath) Catcher’ (Plath) The Letters of Sylvia Plath. see The Letters of ‘The Rival’, 52, 58 Sylvia Plath ‘The Shadow’ (story), 45–6, 49 ‘A Life’, 57, 87 ‘Sheep in Fog’, 105–6, 112, 219, 366 ‘Little Fugue’, 149 short stories, 76–7, 91–2 ‘Lorelei’, 106–7 ‘The Shrike’, 41 ‘Love is a Parallax’, 352 ‘Sleep in the Mojave Desert’, 56 ‘Love Letter’, 57 ‘The Sleepers’, 55 ‘Mad Girl’s Love Song’, 53, 77, 87–8 ‘Smoky Blue Piano’, 290 ‘Magi’, 57, 192–3, 219 ‘The Snowman on the Moor’, 41, 302–3, 304 ‘Magnolia Shoals’, 55 ‘Soliloquy of the Solipsist’, 215 ‘Man in Black’, 159, 164 ‘Stillborn’, 17, 58 ‘Mary’s Song’, 117, 218, 239, 336 ‘Stings’, 39, 110–11, 142, 306, 356, 357 ‘Mayﬂower’, 299–300 ‘Stone Boy With Dolphin’, 132 ‘Medallion’, 163 ‘The Stones’, 81 ‘Medusa’, 108, 109, 110, 162 ‘Sunday at the Mintons’, 120, 286 ‘Memoirs of a Spinach Picker’, 55 ‘The Surgeon at 2 a.m.’, 40, 58, 197–8 ‘Metamorphose of the Moon’, 336 ‘The Swarm’, 39, 111, 234, 356 ‘Metaphors’, 40 Sylvia Plath: Drawings, 19 ‘Mirror’, 20, 58, 141 ‘Tale of a Tub’, 106, 194 ‘Miss Drake Proceeds to Supper’, 40 ‘The Thin People’, 149, 151, 155, 236 ‘The Moon and the Yew Tree’, 58, 100–1, ‘This Earth Our Hospital’, 59, 268–9 213, 218, 219, 220 ‘Three Caryatids Without a Portico’, 290 ‘Morning Song’, 57, 111, 112 Three Women. see Three Women (Plath) ‘Mothers’, 132, 319 ‘To Ariadne (deserted by Theseus)’, 367 ‘The Munich Mannequins’, 60, 95, 239 ‘To Eva Descending the Stair’, 53 ‘Mushrooms’, 56, 81 ‘Totem’, 60, 95, 140 ‘Mussel Hunter at Rock Harbor’, 53–4 ‘The Tour’, 69, 117, 336 ‘Mystic’, 60, 95, 145–6, 214, 219–20 ‘Tulips’, 40, 58, 59, 99–100, 101, 108, 341 ‘The Net Menders’, 55–6 ‘Two Campers in Cloud Country’, 56, 57 ‘Nick and the Candlestick’, 111–12, ‘Two Views of a Cadaver Room’, 56, 117 218–19, 223 ‘Two Views of Withens’, 35, 56 ‘Night Walk’, 54 unﬁnished novel, 59 ‘Nocturne’, 53, 54 ‘Virgin in a Tree’, 35 ‘Note to a Neophyte’, 335–6 ‘Waking in Winter’, 232 ‘November Graveyard’, 298–9, 301, 302, ‘Watercolor of Grantchester 304, 318 Meadows’, 54–5 ‘Ocean 1212-W’, 20, 94, 106, 110, 223 West Yorkshire poems, 8, 297, 298–305 ‘Ode for Ted’, 111 ‘Whiteness I Remember’, 352 ‘On Deck’, 56–7 ‘Widow’, 58 ‘Ouija’, 38, 73, 117 ‘Winter Landscape with Rooks’, 106, 301 ‘Owl’, 352 ‘A Winter Ship’, 56 ‘Paralytic’, 60, 197, 353 Winter Trees, 50, 329, 336 ‘Perseus’, 81, 117, 159, 161–2, 332 ‘A Winter’s Tale’, 55 ‘Pheasant’, 17, 117 ‘Wintering’, 60, 103, 111, 356 ‘Platinum Summer’, 290 ‘The Wishing Box’, 151, 152, 153–4 ‘Poem for a Birthday’, 40, 264, 337–8 ‘Woman Behind Screen’ (collage), 126–7 ‘Polly’s Tree’, 55, 81 ‘Words’, 60 ‘Poppies in July’, 41, 353 ‘Words for a Nursery’, 57

414 Index

Plath, Sylvia (cont.) experimental poetics, 332 ‘Wuthering Heights’, 58, 108–9, 301–2 ‘In a Station of the Metro’, 19, 337 ‘Yaddo: The Grand Manor’ (Plath), 55 ‘Prayer’ (Lawrence), 367 ‘Yadwigha, on a Red Couch Among primitivism, 159–60, 225, 226 Lilies’, 159 ‘The Princess and the Goblins’ (Plath), 15 ‘Years’, 213, 215–16 ‘Private Ground’ (Plath), 38, 58 ‘You’re’, 56, 88, 94, 102, 117 Prix de Paris (Vogue prize), 133–4, 282 ‘Youth’s Plea for World Peace’, 233 ‘The Prodigal’ (Bishop), 20 ‘Zoo Keeper’s Wife’, 58 Prospero, 251, 252 Plath, Warren, 364 protest poetry, 29 ‘Platinum Summer’ (Plath), 290 Prouty, Olive Higgins, 53, 352 Playboy (magazine), 186 Prynne, J.H., High Pink on Chrome, 354 ‘Poem for a Birthday’ (Plath), 40, 264, 337–8 Psyche, 34–5 The Poet Speaks (BBC series), 235 pulp fiction, 5, 175–6 The Poet’s Voice (BBC series), 43 ‘The Pupil’ (James), 260 Poetic Artifice (Forrest-Thomson), 329, 338 ‘Purdah’ (Plath), 96, 101, 142, 322–3, 336, 338 poetic ekphrasis. see ekphrastic poetry purity Poetic Patterns (Drew), 260 culture of hygiene, 5–6, 191–3, 194, 195–6, 198 poetry the lyric, 3, 97–8 American poetry scene, 1–2, 13–22 Purity of Diction in English Verse (Davie), 26 British poetry trends, 2, 23–31 ‘Pursuit’ (Plath), 80, 293, 352 experimental poetics, 8–9, 329–38 Pygmalion, 34 as performance, 29 Plath legacy of influence, 9, 350–8 queer writing contexts teaching, 260–1 The Bell Jar, 169–78 world poetry, 29 psychiatric treatment, 171–3 Poetry (magazine), 31, 80, 81, 293 social context, 177–8 Poetry at the Mermaid festival, 58 The Well of Loneliness, 173–4 Poetry Book Society, 25 ‘Poetry in Extremis’ (Alvarez), 341 ‘The Rabbit Catcher’ (Hughes), 122 Poets’ Theatre Company, 48 ‘The Rabbit Catcher’ (Plath), 41, 59, 109, 122, political and religious contexts 304, 336 The Bell Jar, Rosenbergs and Enemy Within, race, 3, 182, 191–2, 195, 197 6, 203–12 Racine, Phèdre, 38 nature, 6, 221–32 radio drama, 43–51 overview, 6–7 dramatic verse and Under Milk Wood, 46–8 religion, 6, 213–20 early radio drama and The Shadow, 44–6 war, 6–7, 233–41 Hughes and The Wound, 48–9 Pollak, Vivian, 17 overview, 2, 43–4 ‘Polly’s Tree’ (Plath), 55, 81 Three Women, 49–51 Popa, Vasko, 29 radio sets, 152 Pope, Ged, 67, 68 Rago, Henry, 80 ‘Poppies in July’ (Plath), 41, 353 Ramazani, Jahan, 16 ‘Poppies in October’ (Plath), 159, 164–5 Ramón Clinton, Alan, 270–1 Porter, Peter, 30, 354 Ransom, John Crowe Portland Spy Ring trial, 204, 206 ‘Janet Waking’, 260 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Joyce), Plath influences, 94 256, 257–8 teaching contexts, 256, 260 post-impressionists, 100, 101 rape, 5, 181, 182, 184, 186–7 post-structuralism, 330 Raskin, Ellen, 343 ‘Potato’ (Wilbur), 261 realistic pastoral elegy, 108 Pound, Ezra Recoveries (Jennings), 28 American poetry scene, 13, 19 ‘Red’ (Hughes), 131 British poetry trends, 23 Red Bird, Jazz and Poetry (record), 29 culture of hygiene, 198 Redgrove, Peter, 29, 31, 354

Index 415

Rees-Jones, Deryn, 19, 66, 148 sacred and profane, 213, 216 Reideman, Bob, 279 ‘Sailing to Byzantium’ (Yeats), 96 religious contexts, 6, 96–7, 213–20 Saint Botolph’s Review, 30, 292 Resnais, Alain, Hiroshima Mon Amour, 142–3, 148 Saint Joan (Shaw), 208 Rêves à Vendre (Richter film), 140–1 Saldivar, Toni, 351 Revlon, 127, 186 Salinger, J.D., 204 Rich, Adrienne The Catcher in the Rye, 90–1 American poetry scene, 20 Salter, Janet, 212 Plath view of, 14, 80 Sanday, Peggy Reeves, 188 What is Found There, 266 Sappho, 35, 38 Richter, Hans, 140 Sasek, Miroslav, 92 Rilke, Rainer Maria, ‘Ein Prophet’, 289 Sassoon, Richard, 33, 82, 138–9, 281, 288, 290, ‘The Rival’ (Plath), 52, 58 291, 308 Robertiello, Robert, 172 Satan Says (Olds), 356 Roberts, David, Jean Stafford, 360 The Savage God (Alvarez), 23 Roche, Clarissa, 249 Scannell, Vernon, 28 Roche, Paul, 37–8 Scheerer, Constance, 219 Roethke, Theodore, 20 Scholes, Robert, 344–5, 347, 348 Rollyson, Carl Schulze, Robin G., The Degenerate Muse, 198 American Isis, 363, 364 Schwartz, Delmore, 20 Plath biographers, 363 scientific culture, 224–5 Romanticism, 301, 351–2 Scigaj, Leonard, 161, 162, 163–4 Rombauer, Irma S., Joy of Cooking, 4, 86–7, 119 Scott, J.D., 24 Romer, A.S., Man and the Vertebrates, 221, 223, scrapbooks, 275–82 225–6 High School scrapbook, 278–80 ‘A Room of One’s Own’ (Woolf), 318 overview, 7, 275–8 Rose, Jacqueline performative aspect, 276–7 experimental poetics, 330–1, 337 Smith College scrapbook, 278, 279, 280–2 German language, 239 ‘Scrapbooks as Cultural Texts’ (Katriel and The Haunting of Sylvia Plath, 301, 330–1 Farrell), 276–7 Plath’s electroshock therapy, 264 The Sea Around Us (Carson), 221, 231 television culture, 149 Sea Colony nightclub, 169, 170, 171 Rosenbaum, Susan, 19 Seajay, Carol, 176 Rosenberg, Ethel The Second Sex (Beauvoir), 182 The Bell Jar and Enemy Within, 203, 204–6, Sedgwick, Eve, 177 207, 208–12 Seduction of the Innocent (Wertham), 154 fiction and the flexible you, 91 Sergeant, Howard, 28 overview, 6 A Series of Unfortunate Events (Lemony queer writing and The Bell Jar, 171 Snicket), 350 television culture, 149 The Seven Ages (Glück), 357 violence against women and The Bell Jar, 189 Seventeen (magazine), 53, 127, 279, 286 Rosenberg, Julius The Seventh Seal (Bergman film), 138, 139–40 The Bell Jar and Enemy Within, 203, 204–6, sexology, 175–6 207, 208–9, 210, 211–12 Sexton, Anne fiction and the flexible you, 91 American poetry scene, 18–19, 20, 21, 27 overview, 6 classics, 34, 35, 41 television culture, 149 Plath biographers, 361, 362 Rosenstein, Harriet, 52 Plath legacy of influence, 113, 351, 357 Rosenthal, Jon, 289 Transformations, 357 Rosenthal, M.L., 21, 31 ‘Where I live in this honorable house of the Rossetti, Christina, 15 laurel tree’, 35 Rough Magic (Alexander), 363, 364, 365 sexual and gender contexts Rousseau, Henri, 19, 38, 98, 160 culture of hygiene, 5–6, 191–8 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, The Confessions, 355 overview, 5–6 rural revivalism, 229, 230 queer writing and The Bell Jar, 5, 169–78

416 Index

sexual and gender contexts (cont.) Smith, Patricia Juliana, 170 violence against women and The Bell Jar, 5, Smith, Stevie 180–9 American poetry scene, 17, 21 Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (Kinsey), ‘The Frog Prince’, 69–70 172, 182 ‘Mutchmore and Not-So’, 69 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Kinsey), 182 ‘The New Age’, 73 sexuality ‘Not Waving But Drowning’, 70, 71 auteur cinema, 141–2, 143 Novel on Yellow Paper, 65, 66–7, 69 The Bell Jar, 171–3, 177–8, 182–3, 187–9, 272 overview, 3, 65–6 classics, 35, 41 performance poetry, 65–6 the lyric, 96 and Plath, 65–73 purity, 192, 198 Plath as Smith-addict, 70–1 queer writing contexts, 171–3, 177–8 Plath legacy of influence, 354 violence against women, 41, 180–9 Plath request for help, 72–3 ‘The Shadow’ (Plath story), 45–6, 49 Plath’s literary mothers, 34 The Shadow (radio drama), 45–6, 48, 51 suburbs and the ‘heavenly’, 66–70 Shakespeare, William ‘Syler’s Green’, 68 Antony and Cleopatra, 367 whimsy, 76 classics, 41 ‘Smoky Blue Piano’ (Plath), 290 inscription, 312 The Snake Pit (film), 272–3 Plath allusions, 367, 368 The Snake Pit (Ward), 204 Plath’s journals, 251, 252 Snow, C.P., 224 Shapiro, Karl, 20 ‘The Snowman on the Moor’ (Plath), 41, Shaw, George Bernard, Saint Joan, 208 302–3, 304 ‘Sheep in Fog’ (Plath), 105–6, 112, 219, 366 ‘Soliloquy of the Solipsist’ (Plath), 215 Shelley, Mary, 350–1 ‘Some Thoughts on the Common Toad’ Frankenstein, 266 (Orwell), 231 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 350–1, 358 Song for a Birth or a Death (Jennings), 28 A Defence of Poetry, 351 ‘Song of a Rat’ (Hughes), 353 Showalter, Elaine, 86 Sontag, Susan, 248, 317–18 ‘The Shrike’ (Plath), 41 Sophocles A Shrinking Island (Esty), 230 classics, 37 Silent Spring (Carson), 232 Oedipus, 34, 37, 256 The Silent Woman (Malcolm), 368 The Sparkling Jewel of Naturism (Selima Hill), 357 Silkin, Jon, 28, 29, 354 The Spectator, 24, 25 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 302 Spigel, Lynn, 148, 150 Sitwell, Edith, 13, 21, 256, 261, 286 Spring Fire (Packer), 175, 176 ‘Skunk Hour’ (Lowell), 20 Stand (magazine), 29 ‘Skylarks’ (Hughes), 353 Stanley, Liz, 85 ‘Sleep in the Mojave Desert’ (Plath), 56 Steele, Valerie, 127 ‘The Sleepers’ (Plath), 55 Stein, Gertrude, 257 Smith College Steinberg, Peter K., 20–1, 284 American poetry scene, 21 Steiner, George, 205, 309, 343, 344 archives, 236, 258 Steiner, Wendy, 158 classics, 35, 36–8 ‘Stella’s Birthday’ (Swift), 95 fashion, 128–9, 130–1 Stern, Marcia Brown. see Brown, Marcia Germany and Neupert letters, 234–5, 236 Stevens, Wallace the lyric, 94–5, 98 ‘Anecdote of the Jar’, 163, 164 Plath’s correspondence, 285–91 Collected Poems, 163 Plath’s journals, 246 ‘The Emperor of Ice-Cream’, 17 scrapbooks, 277, 278, 279, 280–2 ‘Idea of Order at Key West’, 164 teaching contexts, 7, 36–8, 255–9, 260–1 ‘The Man with the Blue Guitar’, 160 women’s colleges, 175 modernism, 163–4 Smith Review, 77, 286, 287, 290 ‘The Motive for Metaphor’, 260 Smith, John, 28 Plath influences, 16–17, 362

Index 417

teaching contexts, 21, 260 Plath’s correspondence, 287 ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’, 163 radio drama, 46–8 whimsy, 78 teaching contexts, 256 Stevenson, Adlai, 151–2 Under Milk Wood, 2, 17, 44, 47–8 Stevenson, Anne, Bitter Fame, 119, 264, 363–4, Thomas, Edward, 229 365, 368 Thomas, R.S., 354 ‘Stillborn’ (Plath), 17, 58 Thomas de la Peña, Carolyn, 266 ‘Stings’ (Plath), 39, 110–11, 142, 306, 356, 357 Thoreau, Henry David, Walden, 317 ‘Stone Boy With Dolphin’ (Plath), 132 ‘The Thought-Fox’ (Hughes), 352 ‘The Stones’ (Plath), 81 ‘Three Caryatids without a Portico’ (Plath), Stonewall riots, 177 290 A Strange Stirring (Coontz), 180–1 Three Women (Plath radio drama) Strauss, Harold, 286 auteur cinema, 141, 143–4 Strauss, Richard, Capriccio, 78 eugenics, 193–4 Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives and Rare nature imagery, 223 Book Library, 258 poem submission, 41, 59 suburbia, 3, 66–9, 150, 195 radio drama, 2, 44, 47, 48, 49–51, 148 ‘Sunday at the Mintons’ (Plath), 120, 286 you (second person address), 87 ‘The Surgeon at 2 a.m.’ (Plath), 40, 58, 197–8 Through a Glass Darkly (Bergman film), 144–5 surrealism, 24, 98, 99, 357, 366–7 Thurber, James, 80 Swan, Mark, 346 Times Literary Supplement, 343 ‘The Swarm’ (Plath), 39, 111, 234, 356 ‘To Ariadne (deserted by Theseus)’ (Plath), 367 Swenson, May, 13, 20 ‘To Eva Descending the Stair’ (Plath), 53 Swift, Jonathan, ‘Stella’s Birthday’, 95 To The Lighthouse (Woolf), 245–6, 247, 257 ‘Syler’s Green’ (Smith), 68 Tomlinson, Charles, 354 Sylvia (biopic), 350 Torres, Tereska, Women’s Barracks, 175 Sylvia Plath: A Biography (Wagner-Martin), ‘Tortoise Shout’ (Lawrence), 229 363, 364 ‘Totem’ (Plath), 60, 95, 140 Sylvia Plath Collection, Smith College, 236 Toulson, Shirley, 30 Sylvia Plath: Drawings, 19 ‘The Tour’ (Plath), 69, 117, 336 Sylvia Plath: Method and Madness (Butscher), Transcendentalism, 317, 318, 321 362–3, 364, 368 Transformations (Sexton), 357 symbolic logic, 356–7 Trautmann Banks, Joanne, 86 Travisano, Thomas, Midcentury Quartet, 20 T.S. Eliot: The Design of His Poetry (Drew), 258 Trigère, Pauline, 133 ‘Tale of a Tub’ (Plath), 106, 194 Truffaut, François, Jules et Jim, 141–2 Tales from Ovid (Hughes), 41 Truslow, Jane, 267 Tansley, A.G., 227–8 Trypanis, C.A., The Stones of Troy, 33 Tarka the Otter (Williamson), 221 Tucker, Shirley, 344 teaching, 255–61 Tulips’ (Plath), 40, 58, 59, 99–100, 101, 108, contexts, 255–9 341 overview, 7, 255 Turner, W. Price, 28 Plath legacy of influence, 352 tweed, 133 poetry, 260–1 ‘Two Campers in Cloud Country’ (Plath), 56, 57 Teasdale, Sara, 362, 367, 368 ‘Two of a Kind’ (BBC interview), 300 ‘I Shall Not Care’, 367 ‘Two Views of a Cadaver Room’ (Plath), 56, 117 television, 4–5, 148–56, 231 ‘Two Views of Withens’ (Plath), 35, 56 ‘The Thin People’ (Plath), 149, 151, 155, 236 Third Programme (BBC), 2, 48, 49 Ulysses (Joyce), 13 ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’ Under Milk Wood (Thomas), 2, 17, 44, 47–8 (Stevens), 163 Under the Sea Wind (Carson), 221 ‘This Earth Our Hospital’ (Plath), 59, 268–9 Underground poetry, 29 Thomas, Dylan Understanding Poetry (Brooks and Warren), British poetry trends, 24, 25 162–3 Plath influences, 17–18, 362 Unitarianism, 214, 217, 219, 220

418 Index

Van der Poel, Priscilla, 158, 160 Watching Birds (Fisher), 230–1 Van Dyne, Susan, 234, 340 ‘Watercolor of Grantchester Meadows’ Varieties of Religious Experience (James), 256 (Plath), 54–5 Varsity (newspaper), 134, 292 Watkins, Vernon, 24 Vassar College, 174–5 The Waves (Woolf), 50 velvet, 133 We Walk Alone (Aldrich), 175–6 Vendler, Helen, 164, 165, 351 Webb, Ruth, 165 verse epistle, 89 Weissbort, Daniel, 29 ‘Vessel of Wrath’ (Merwin), 119 The Well of Loneliness (Hall), 173–4, 175 Vietnam, 29 The Well Wrought Urn (Brooks), 95, 162–3 Villette (Charlotte Brontë), 90 Wertham, Fredric, Seduction of the Innocent, 154 violence against women, 5, 180–9 West Yorkshire poems (Plath), 8, 297, 298–305 Virgil Wevill, Assia, 30, 146, 307, 311, 312, 313 Aeneid, 39, 40 Wevill, David, 30, 307 bee poems, 2, 39–40, 110 What is Found There (Rich), 266 Georgics, 39–40 ‘Where I live in this honorable house of the laurel Plath’s teaching, 36–7 tree’ (Sexton), 35 ‘Virgin in a Tree’ (Plath), 35 whimsy, 75–82 visual art, 158–65 allaying, 77–9 American poetry scene, 19–20 overview, 3, 75–7 fashion, 134 toying with success, 79–82 the lyric, 98–101, 102 White, Eric, 309 overview, 5 ‘Whiteness I Remember’ (Plath), 352 symbolic logic, 357 ‘The Wide World’ (Emerson), 252 Vogue (magazine), 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 282 ‘Widow’ (Plath), 58 voice, 98 Wife Dressing (Fogarty), 127 The Voyage Out (Woolf), 35 Wilbur, Richard, 20, 288 ‘Potato’, 261 ‘Wading at Wellﬂeet’ (Bishop), 20 Wilder, Billy, 141 Wagner, Erica, 86 Williamson, Henry Wagner-Martin, Linda nature writing, 223, 229, 230 experimental poetics, 333 Tarka the Otter, 221 Plath and Smith, 72 Wilson, Andrew, Mad Girl’s Love Song, 361, 364 queer writing contexts, 174 Wilson, Edmund, Axel’s Castle, 257 Sylvia Plath: A Biography, 363, 364 Winder, Elizabeth, 87, 125, 134, 265 ‘Waking in Winter’ (Plath), 232 ‘Winter Landscape with Rooks’ (Plath), 106, 301 Walden (Thoreau), 317 Winter Pollen (Hughes), 111 Wall, Stephen, 345 ‘A Winter Ship’ (Plath), 56 Wallace, David Foster, 361 Winter Trees (Plath), 50, 329, 336 war, 233–41 ‘A Winter’s Tale’ (Plath), 55 electroshock therapy, 266 ‘Wintering’ (Plath), 60, 103, 111, 356 First World War, 234, 235, 236–7 ‘The Wishing Box’ (Plath), 151, 152, 153–4 Gulf War, 266 Wober, J. Mallory, 33–4, 291 history, 235–7 Wodwo (Hughes), 353 Korean War, 233, 234, 238 Wolfe, W. Bertram, 171–2 nature writing, 229 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 75 Neupert letters and Germany, 237–40 Wolpe, Berthold, 340 Neupert letters and peace, 240–1 ‘Woman Behind Screen’ (Plath collage), 126–7 overview, 6–7, 233–5 women writers protest poetry, 29 American poetry scene, 19, 21 Second World War, 119, 127, 142–3, 230, biographies, 360–1, 362 234, 237 Plath legacy of inﬂuence, 353, 355 War of the Anthologies, 18 Plath’s literary mothers, 34–6 Ward, Mary Jane, The Snake Pit, 204 Women’s Barracks (Torres), 175 Warren, Robert Penn, 162 women’s colleges, 174

Index 419

women’s roles ‘Wuthering Heights’ (Plath), 58, 108–9, 301–2 The Bell Jar and Rosenbergs, 206, 207, 209–10 Wylie, Elinor, 13 cinematic mirror imagery, 141–2 fashion, 126–30 Yaddo arts colony, 55, 123, 138, 163, 318 feminine sensibility, 75 ‘Yaddo: The Grand Manor’ (Plath), 55 food and cookery, 4 ‘Yadwigha, on a Red Couch Among Lilies’ housewives, 151–4, 186 (Plath), 159 journals, 249 Yater, Mathana, 345 sexism, 37, 368 ‘Years’ (Plath), 213, 215–16 television, 151–4 Yeats, W.B. violence against women, 5, 180–1, 186–9 American poetry scene, 13 Woody, J. Melvin, 267, 281, 288, 361 ‘Ancestral Houses’, 95 Woolf, Virginia ‘Byzantium’, 96 Between the Acts, 35 ‘Demon and Beast’, 95 classics, 34, 35–7 ‘He wishes his Beloved were Dead’, 367–8 ‘The Gibbon’, 36 ‘Lapis Lazuli’, 95 Jacob’s Room, 35, 36–7 the lyric, 94, 95, 96, 98 journals, 7, 249, 250–1, 253 Plath in London, 307, 308 Mrs Dalloway, 170 Plath influences, 72, 362, 367–8 Plath biographers, 360, 362 ‘Sailing to Byzantium’, 96 Plath’s correspondence, 292 teaching contexts, 256 ‘A Room of One’s Own’, 318 Yorkshire, 8, 34, 122, 297–305, 318 teaching contexts, 257, 261 you (second person address), 84–92 To The Lighthouse, 245–6, 247, 257 advertising, 87–8 The Voyage Out, 35 fiction and the flexible you, 90–2 The Waves, 50 letters, 85–6, 239–40 A Writer’s Diary, 250–1 October 1962 poems, 88–90 Word and Image (journal), 165 overview, 3, 84–5 ‘Words’ (Plath), 366 recipes, 86–7 ‘Words for a Nursery’ (Plath), 57 Young, Sarah, 342 World Federalist Group, 241 ‘Your Paris’ (Hughes), 159 Worster, Donald, 228 Yourcenar, Marguerite, Memoirs of Hadrian, Worth, Peter, 169–70 38 The Wound (Hughes radio drama), 2, 44, 48–9 ‘You’re’ (Plath), 56, 88, 94, 102, 117 Wright, David, 28 ‘Youth’s Plea for World Peace’ (Plath and Wrigley, Amanda, 47 Norton), 233 A Writer’s Diary (Woolf), 250–1 Wunderlich, Ray, 287 Zimring, Carl, 195 Wuthering Heights (Brontë), 293, 301, 302, 303 ‘Zoo Keeper’s Wife’ (Plath), 58