DOCSLIB.ORG

Part B Action Plans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Part B Action Plans PART B ACTION PLANS The Native Grassland Conservation Strategy provides a strategic framework for the Action Plans in this section. Action Plans are statutory documents under the Nature Conservation Act 2014. Draft Native Grassland Conservation Strategy and Action Plans 122 NATURAL TEMPERATE GRASSLAND ENDANGERED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN Native Grassland Conservation Strategy and Action Plans 123 PREAMBLE Natural Temperate Grassland was declared an endangered ecological community on 15 April 1996 (Instrument No. DI1996-29 Nature Conservation Act 1980). Under section 101 of the Nature Conservation Act 2014, the Conservator of Flora and Fauna is responsible for preparing a draft action plan for listed ecological communities. The first action plan for this ecological community was prepared in 1997 (ACT Government 1997). This revised edition supersedes all previous editions. This action plan includes the ACT Native Grassland Conservation Strategy set out in schedule 1 to the ‘Nature Conservation (Native Grassland) Action Plans 2017’, to the extent it is relevant. Measures proposed in this action plan complement those proposed in the action plans for Yellow Box / Red Gum Grassy Woodland, and component threatened species that occur in Natural Temperate Grassland: Striped Legless Lizard (Delma impar), Grassland Earless Dragon (Tympanocryptis pinguicolla), Golden Sun Moth (Synemon plana), Perunga Grasshopper (Perunga ochracea), Ginninderra Peppercress (Lepidium ginninderrense), Button Wrinklewort (Rutidosis leptorhynchoides) and Baeuerlen’s Gentian (Gentiana baeuerlenii). CONSERVATION STATUS CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES Natural Temperate Grassland is recognised as a The overall objective of this plan is to conserve threatened community in the following sources: Natural Temperate Grassland in perpetuity as a viable and well-represented community across National its natural geographic range in the ACT. This Critically Endangered – Natural Temperate includes managing and restoring natural Grassland of the South Eastern Highlands – ecological and evolutionary processes within the Environment Protection and Biodiversity community. Conservation Act 1999 (Department of Specific objectives of the action plan: Environment 2016b) • Conserve all remaining areas of Natural Australian Capital Territory Temperate Grassland in the ACT that are in moderate to high ecological condition. Endangered – Natural Temperate Grassland – Nature Conservation Act 2014 • Retain areas of native grassland in lower ecological condition that serve as ecological New South Wales buffers or landscape connections, or that are a priority for restoration. Natural Temperate Grassland currently has no formal conservation status as an ecological • Manage Natural Temperate Grasslands to: community under NSW legislation. maintain and improve grassland The Commonwealth Natural Temperate structure and function Grassland listing may overlap with grassland reduce the impacts of threats components of the NSW-listed Tablelands Snow Gum, Black Sallee, Candlebark and Ribbon Gum improve threatened species habitat Grassy Woodland in the South Eastern conserve grassland biodiversity Highlands, Sydney Basin, South East Corner and NSW South Western Slopes Bioregions • Increase the extent, condition and ecological community. connectivity of Natural Temperate Grassland 124 Natural Temperate Grassland Action Plan in the ACT by restoring priority grassland • Treeless or contains up to 10% projective sites. cover of trees, shrubs or sedges. • Promote a greater awareness amongst all • Dominated by native grasses and/or native relevant agencies, landholders and forbs (more than 50% total vegetative cover, stakeholders of the objectives of this Action excluding introduced annuals). Plan, and strengthen community • A diversity of native forbs present, or if engagement in grassland conservation. disturbed, having components of the indigenous native species (including both existing plants and reproductive propagules COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION in the soil e.g. soil seed banks) sufficient to AND ECOLOGY re-establish the characteristic native DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION groundcover (Environment ACT 2005). Fauna are an intrinsic part of grassland Native grasslands are vegetation communities ecosystems, and are essential for a range of dominated (> 50% cover) by native grasses and functions such as pollination, seed dispersal, forbs where the cover of shrubs and trees is less nutrient recycling and maintenance of soil than 10% (Eddy 2002). condition. Common grassland fauna include Native grasslands include Natural Temperate mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, and Grassland, which is defined as follows: invertebrates such as spiders, ants, flies, moths, Natural Temperate Grassland is a native beetles, and grasshoppers (Eddy 2002; Antos ecological community that is dominated by and Williams 2015). Eastern Grey Kangaroos moderately tall (25–50 cm) to tall (50 cm–1.0 m) (Macropus giganteus) are the most abundant dense to open native tussock grasses (Themeda native mammalian herbivore in grasslands in the triandra, Rytidosperma species, Austrostipa ACT, and through grazing can have a profound species, Bothriochloa macra, Poa species). There effect of the structure and composition of is also a diversity of native herbaceous plants Natural Temperate Grasslands. (forbs), which may comprise up to 70% of Threatened species found in Natural Temperate species present. The community is naturally Grassland (Table 1) include three threatened treeless or contains up to 10% cover of trees or grassland reptiles: Grassland Earless Dragon shrubs in its tallest stratum. In the ACT it occurs (Tympanocryptis pinguicolla), Striped Legless up to 1200 m above sea level (asl) in locations Lizard (Delma impar) and Pink-tailed Worm- where tree growth is limited by cold air Lizard (Aprasia parapulchella). The Pink-tailed drainage. While the definition of Natural Worm-lizard is associated with both grasslands Temperate Grassland is expressed in terms of and grassy woodlands, and a separate action the vegetation, the ecological community plan has been prepared for this species (ACT comprises both the flora and the fauna, the Government 2017). Natural Temperate interactions of which are intrinsic to the Grassland in the ACT is home to two threatened functioning of grassy ecosystems. species of invertebrates: the Perunga The key defining characteristics to identify Grasshopper (Perunga ochracea), and the Natural Temperate Grassland in the field are: Golden Sun Moth (Synemon plana). More detailed information on the description, • Occurrence within the ACT’s temperate zone habitat and ecology of native grasslands where tree growth is climatically limited (including Natural Temperate Grassland), is (elevation up to approximately 1200 m). given in section 8 of the strategy (Part A of this document). Natural Temperate Grassland Action Plan 125 Table 1. Threatened species in ACT Natural Temperate Grasslands. Species Status Natural Temperate Grassland Sites* Button Wrinklewort Endangered - EPBC Act Campbell Park Offices, Crace NR, HMAS Harman, (Rutidosis 1999 and NC Act 2014 Woods Lane, Kintore St (Yarralumla), Majura Training leptorhynchoides) Area, St Mark’s (Barton), Tennant St (Fyshwick). Ginninderra Peppercress Vulnerable - EPBC Act Lawson Grasslands (former Belconnen Naval (Lepidium 1999, Endangered - NC Transmission Station), Franklin Grasslands. ginninderrense) Act 2014 Baeuerlen’s Gentian Endangered - EPBC Act Orroral Valley (Namadgi National Park). (Gentiana baeuerlenii) 1999 and NC Act 2014 Grassland Earless Dragon Endangered - EPBC Act Majura Training Area, Canberra Airport, Majura Valley (Tympanocryptis 1999 and NC Act 2014 West, Jerrabomberra West NR, Jerrabomberra East, pinguicolla) Cookanalla, Bonshaw. Striped Legless Lizard Endangered - EPBC Act Mulangarri NR, Gungaderra NR, Crace NR, Lawson (Delma impar) 1999, Vulnerable -NC Grasslands, Yarramundi Grassland, Majura Valley West, Act 2014 Majura Training Area, Fyshwick, Jerrabomberra East, Jerrabomberra West NR, Bonshaw, Amtech East. Golden Sun Moth Critically Endangered - Mulangarri NR, Gungaderra NR, Crace NR, Franklin (Synemon plana) EPBC Act 1999, Grasslands, Lawson Grasslands, Dunlop NR, Jaramlee, Endangered - NC Act Lake Ginninderra, Lawson Grasslands, University of 2014 Canberra, Yarramundi Grassland, Limestone Ave, St John’s (Reid), Lady Denman Drive, Dudley Street, Novar Street (Yarralumla), Black Street (Yarralumla), Kintore Street (Yarralumla), St Mark’s (Barton), York Park, Constitution Ave, Campbell Park, Majura Valley West, Majura Training Area, Canberra International Airport, Amtech East, Jerrabomberra West NR, Jerrabomberra East, HMAS Harman. Perunga Grasshopper Vulnerable - NC Act Crace NR, Gungaderra NR, Mulangarri NR, Lawson (Perunga ochracea) 2014 Grasslands, Yarramundi Grassland, Canberra Airport, Majura Training Area, Majura Valley West, Cookanalla, Amtech East, Jerrabomberra West NR, Jerrabomberra East. Pink-tailed Worm-lizard Vulnerable – EPBC Act Molonglo and Murrumbidge River Corridors, also sites (Aprasia parapulchella) 1999 and NC Act 2014 in woodlands. * Species may also occur in sites in the ACT in addition to those containing Natural Temperate Grassland. 126 Natural Temperate Grassland Action Plan Figure 1. Distribution of Natural Temperate Grassland and lower condition grasslands in the ACT. Natural Temperate Grassland Action Plan 127 DISTRIBUTION present. Natural Temperate Grassland in productive and undisturbed sites is often The distribution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Locusts in Queensland
    LOCUSTS Locusts in Queensland PEST STATUS REVIEW SERIES – LAND PROTECTION by C.S. Walton L. Hardwick J. Hanson Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the many people who provided information for this assessment. Clyde McGaw, Kevin Strong and David Hunter, from the Australian Plague Locust Commission, are also thanked for the editorial review of drafts of the document. Cover design: Sonia Jordan Photographic credits: Natural Resources and Mines staff ISBN 0 7345 2453 6 QNRM03033 Published by the Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Qld. February 2003 Information in this document may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, provided that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Land Protection Department of Natural Resources and Mines GPO Box 2454, Brisbane Q 4000 #16401 02/03 Contents 1.0 Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Taxonomy.................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 History ....................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Outbreaks across Australia ........................................................................................ 3 3.2 Outbreaks in Queensland........................................................................................... 3 4.0 Current and predicted distribution ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Salvage and Translocation of Striped Legless Lizards
    Evaluating the effectiveness of salvage and translocation of Striped Legless Lizards Megan O’Shea February 2013 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 243 Evaluating the effectiveness of salvage and translocation of Striped Legless Lizards Megan O’Shea February 2013 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Sustainability and Environment Heidelberg, Victoria Report produced by: Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Sustainability and Environment PO Box 137 Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Phone (03) 9450 8600 Website: www.dse.vic.gov.au/ari © State of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment 2013 This publication is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 , no part may be reproduced, copied, transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical or graphic) without the prior written permission of the State of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment. All requests and enquiries should be directed to the Customer Service Centre, 136 186 or email [email protected] Citation: O’Shea, M. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of salvage and translocation of Striped Legless Lizards. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 243. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg. ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (online) ISBN 978-1-74287-763-1 (print) ISBN 978-1-74287-764-8 (online) Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
    Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities.
    [Show full text]
  • 33234.VBB.EPBC.PD.Draft.04092020
    Victorian Big Battery Storage Facility, 680 Ballan Road Moorabool, Victoria: Preliminary Documentation for EPBC 2020/8614 Prepared for Neoen Australia Pty Ltd 04 September 2020 Biosis offices Document information NEW SOUTH WALES Report to: Neoen Australia Pty Ltd Albury Prepared by: Daniel Gilmore and Stephen Mueck Phone: (02) 6069 9200 Email: [email protected] Biosis project No.: 33234 File name: 33234.VBB.EPBC.PD.Draft.21052020 Newcastle Phone: (02) 4911 4040 Citation: Biosis 2020. Victorian Big Battery Storage Facility, 680 Ballan Road Email: [email protected] Moorabool, Victoria: Preliminary Documentation for EPBC 2020/8614. Report for Neoen Australia. Author: Gilmore, D., & Mueck, S. Biosis Pty Ltd, Sydney Melbourne. Project no. 33234 Phone: (02) 9101 8700 Email: [email protected] Western Sydney Document control Phone: (02) 9101 8700 Email: [email protected] Version Internal reviewer Date issued Wollongong Draft version 01 IS 17/06/2020 Phone: (02) 4201 1090 Email: [email protected] Final version 01 Determined with XX/09/2020 input from DAWE Acknowledgements VICTORIA Ballarat Phone: (03) 5304 4250 Biosis acknowledges the contribution of the following people and Email: [email protected] organisations in in the production of this report: Melbourne (Head Office) • Neoen Australia: Matthew Parton Phone: (03) 8686 4800 Email: [email protected] • GHD (Melbourne): Brad George Wangaratta Biosis staff involved in this project were: Phone: (03) 5718 6900 Email: [email protected] • Sonika Kumar (mapping). Biosis Pty Ltd This document is and shall remain the property of Biosis Pty Ltd. The document may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of the Engagement for the commission.
    [Show full text]
  • DI 136Of2002.Rtf
    Australian Capital Territory Nature Conservation Declaration of Protected and Exempt Flora and Fauna 2002 (No. 1) Disallowable instrument DI2002— 136 made under the Nature Conservation Act 1980, s 17 (Declaration of Protected and Exempt Flora and Fauna) I revoke all previous determinations under section 17 of the Nature Conservation Act 1980. I declare the species listed in schedule 1 to be protected fish and protected invertebrates. I declare the species listed in schedule 2 to be exempt animals. I declare the species listed in schedule 3 to be protected native plants. I declare the species listed in schedule 4 to be protected native animals. Dr Maxine Cooper Conservator of Flora and Fauna 28 June 2002 SCHEDULE 1 PROTECTED FISH AND INVERTEBRATES Common Name Scientific Name Clarence River Cod Maccullochella ikei Clarence Galaxias Galaxias johnstoni Swan Galaxias Galaxias fontanus Cairns Birdwing Butterfly Ornithoptera priamnus Mountain Blue Butterfly Papilio ulysses Trout Cod Macullochella maquariensis Murray River Crayfish Eustacus armatus Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Perunga Grasshopper Perunga ochracea Two-spined Blackfish Gadopsis bisinosus Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Canberra Raspy Cricket Cooraboorama canberrae Spiny Freshwater Cray Euastacus crassus Spiny Freshwater Cray Euastacus rieki Spotted Handfish Brachionichthys hirsutus Barred Galaxias Galaxias fuscus Pedder Galaxias Galaxias pedderensis Elizabeth Springs Goby Chlamydogobius micropterus Mary River Cod Maccullochella peelii mariensis Lake Eacham Rainbow Fish Melanotaenia eachamensis Oxleyan Pygmy Perch Nannoperca oxleyana Red-finned Blue-eye Scaturiginichthys vermei1ipinnis Great White Shark Carcharodon carchanias Grey Nurse Shark Carcharias taurus Edgbaston Goby Chiamydogobius squamigenus Murray Hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis Saddled Galaxias Galaxias tanycephalus Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla Blind Gudgeon Milyeringa veritas Flinders Ranges Gudgeon Mogurnda n.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Animal Keepers Species List
    Revised NSW Native Animal Keepers’ Species List Draft © 2017 State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. OEH shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. All content in this publication is owned by OEH and is protected by Crown Copyright, unless credited otherwise. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), subject to the exemptions contained in the licence. The legal code for the licence is available at Creative Commons. OEH asserts the right to be attributed as author of the original material in the following manner: © State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2017. Published by: Office of Environment and Heritage 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box A290,
    [Show full text]
  • POPULATION CYTOLOGY of the GENUS Stable from Year to Year. Many of the Same Populations Are Also Poly
    Heredity (1975),53 (2), 165-172 POPULATION CYTOLOGY OF THE GENUS PHAULACRIDIUM IV. PHAULACRIDIUM MARGINALE (WALKER)— THE NORTH ISLAND POPULATIONS M. WESTERMAN Department of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia Received3.xii.74 SUMMARY Samples of Phaulacridium marginaleweretaken from the North Island of New Zealand, together with further samples from three South Island populations. Seven of the North Island populations were found to be polymorphic for a small telocentric B chromosome. In only one case was the B chromosome significantly associated with an increased chiasma frequency. All three South Island populations contained B chromosomes. Seven of the nine N.I. popula- tions were also polymorphic for extra segments on the centric end of the chromosome. In six of them this polymorphism co-existed with that for B's. A new polymorphism was encountered in two populations. This was for a large block of heterochromatic material located at the centric end of one of the smaller medium-sized chromosomes which thus becomes acro- rather than telocentric. It would appear that the New Zealand grasshopper, Ph. marginale, is able to tolerate many different polymorphisms for extra heterochromatin. However, this ability is perhaps restricted to central populations. In this Context, the high level of occurrence of these polymorphisms in the North Island could be due to the better climatological conditions existing there compared to most of the South Island. 1. INTRODUCTION POPULATIONS of the New Zealand grasshopper Phaulacridium marginale are known to be polymorphic for both B chromosomes and for supernumerary segments on the smaller members of the chromosome complement (Martin, 1970; Westerman and Fontana, 1973; Westerman, 1974, 1975).
    [Show full text]
  • Action Statement Floraflora and and Fauna Fauna Guarantee Guarantee Act Act 1988 1988 No
    Action Statement FloraFlora and and Fauna Fauna Guarantee Guarantee Act Act 1988 1988 No. No. ### 108 Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps Description and Distribution The Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps belongs to the reptile family Pygopodidae, the legless or flap-footed lizards. Legless lizards are superficially snake-like; they lack forelimbs, and the hind limbs are reduced to a scaly flap just above the vent. Whilst their eyes are lidless and snake-like, there are several features that distinguish legless lizards from snakes. Most legless lizards have an obvious ear aperture, lacking in all snakes, and a broad fleshy tongue, compared to the deeply forked tongue of snakes. Most legless lizards also have a tail that, when unbroken, is considerably longer than their body. In contrast, the tail of snakes is considerably Hooded Scaly-foot, Pygopus nigriceps shorter than their body. The genus Pygopus Illustration by Peter Robertson Wildlife Profiles P/L © differs from other legless lizards on the basis of the combination of the following features: head covered with enlarged, symmetrical scales; smooth (compared to keeled) ventral scales; and the possession of eight or more preanal pores. Two species of Pygopus occur in Victoria. The Hooded Scaly-foot is a large legless lizard, attaining a total length of 475mm, and a snout- vent length of about 180mm. Females reach larger sizes than males. Variable in colour, the Hooded Scaly-foot may be pale grey to reddish-brown on the dorsal surface and whitish on the ventral surface. The dorsal scales may be dark-edged, forming a reticulated pattern, or individual pale and dark scales may form a vague longitudinal pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 02:27:59AM Via Free Access T  E,  147, 2004
    1 2 FER WILLEMSE & SIGFRID INGRISCH 1 Eygelshoven, The Netherlands 2 Bad Karlshafen, Germany A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ACRIDIDAE FROM SOUTH INDIA (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDOIDEA) Willemse, F. & S. Ingrisch 2004. A new genus and species of Acrididae from South India (Or- thoptera, Acridoidea). – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 147: 191-196, figs. 1-22. [ISSN 0040- 7496]. Published 1 December 2004. Nathanacris quadrimaculata gen. et sp. n. is described from Anaimalai Hills in South India. The systematic position of this acridid genus is not yet clear. For the time being we propose to arrange the genus under the unclassified group of Catantopinae sensu lato. Dr. Fer Willemse (corresponding author), Laurastraat 67, Eygelshoven 6471 JH, The Nether- lands. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Sigfrid Ingrisch, Eichendorffweg 4, D-34385 Bad Karlshafen, Germany. E-mail: sigfrid.in- [email protected] Key words. – Orthoptera, Acrididae, Catantopinae (s.l.), South India. Major contributions to the Acrididae fauna of than wide, in female a little shorter than wide, in male South India were provided by Bolívar (1902), Hebard lateral margins almost parallel and converging towards (1929), Uvarov (1929), Henry (1940), Muralirangan widely rounded apex, in female lateral margins short et al. (1992) and Shrinivasan & Muralirangan (1992). and apical margin semicircular (figs. 2, 7); in lateral Nevertheless our knowledge of the grasshopper fauna view tip angularly merging with frons, foveolae obso- of south India is still insufficient, particularly of lete or scarcely recognisable as elongate triangular fur- species living in natural habitats and commonly dis- rows. Frontal ridge projecting slightly between anten- tributed over small areas.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • West Belconnen Strategic Assessment
    WEST BELCONNEN PROJECT STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT Strategic Assessment Report FINAL March 2017 WEST BELCONNEN PROJECT STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT Strategic Assessment Report FINAL Prepared by Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited on behalf of Riverview Projects Pty Ltd Project Director: Peter Cowper Project Manager: Amanda Mulherin Report No. 8062_R01_V8 Date: March 2017 Canberra 56 Bluebell Street PO Box 6135 O’Connor ACT 2602 Ph. 02 6262 9484 www.umwelt.com.au This report was prepared using Umwelt’s ISO 9001 certified Quality Management System. Executive Summary A Strategic Assessment between the Commonwealth The proposed urban development includes the Government and Riverview Projects commenced in provision of 11,500 dwellings, with associated services June 2014 under Part 10 of the Environment Protection and infrastructure (including the provision of sewer and Biodiversity Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The purpose of mains, an extension of Ginninderra Drive, and upgrade which was to seek approval for the proposed works to three existing arterial roads). It will extend development of a residential area and a conservation the existing Canberra town centre of Belconnen to corridor in west Belconnen (the Program). become the first cross border development between NSW and the ACT. A network of open space has also The Project Area for the Strategic Assessment been incorporated to link the WBCC to the residential straddles the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and component and encourage an active lifestyle for the New South Wales (NSW) border; encompassing land community. west of the Canberra suburbs of Holt, Higgins, and Macgregor through to the Murrumbidgee River, and The aim of the WBCC is to protect the conservation between Stockdill Drive and Ginninderra Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae)
    bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 170, 362–399. With 143 figures Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera SIMEÃO DE SOUZA MORAES1,2* and MARCELO DUARTE2 1Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, número 321, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Received 19 March 2013; revised 11 October 2013; accepted for publication 13 October 2013 A cladistic analysis of the Neotropical Castniidae is presented using 120 morphological characters, and a taxonomic treatment based on that analysis is also presented. The tribe Gazerini as previously delimited was found to be paraphyletic with respect to the genera Ceretes, Divana, Riechia, Frostetola, and Oiticicastnia. The genera Castnia, Geyeria, and Athis were also found to be non-monophyletic taxa. The mimicry pattern had multiple independent origins in the Neotropical castniids, and at least two lineages, Riechia and Prometheus, are involved in Batesian mimicry rings with unpalatable butterfly models in the tribes Acraeini and Heliconiini (Nymphalidae). We propose for Castniini 13 new synonymies and 27 new combinations. Geyeria strigata (Walker, 1854) is revalidated. The generic placements of Athis superba (Strand, 1912) and Castnia eudesmia Gray, 1838 are questionable, but presently upheld. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 170, 362–399. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12102 ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Batesian mimicry – new synonyms – taxonomy.
    [Show full text]