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# Berbemycin CoQmax Ubiquinol GI Protect 5-HTP CR Benfotiamine Corticare B GlutAloeMine 5-MTHF Bio C 1:1 CurcuPlex CR Green Tea 600 5-MTHF ES Borage CP-240 GS 750 BrainSustain D A H BrainSustain for Kids D3 2000 ActivEssentials D3 5000 HistDAO ActivEssentials for Women C D3 Liquid Hormone Protect ActivEssentials with Calcium Calcium D-Glucarate DHA from Algae I Activ Essentials with OncoPLEX & D3 Candicidal DHA from Algae for Kids Desk i5 ActivNutrients Cardio Essentials DIMension 3 IgG 2000 DF Capsules ActivNutrients without Copper & Iron CarniteX DioVasc Reference IgG 2000 DF Powder ActivNutrients without Iron CheleX DJD Factors IgG Pure Guide Adrenal Essence CholeRex doloroX Immune Essentials AdrenaMax CinnDromeX ImmunoBar ALAmax CR Coconut Oil F ImmunotiX 250 AllerDHQ CodPure Plus FIT Food Vegan ImmunotiX 500 AngiNOX ColonX FIT Food Whey Iron Glycinate Appe-Curb ConjuLean 1000 G I-Sight Aromat8-PN coolsens CoQmax CF GarliX B GastrAcid J Updated: September 11, 2013 CoQmax-100 CF B Activ Joint Rx

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# Berbemycin CoQmax Ubiquinol GI Protect 5-HTP CR Benfotiamine Corticare B GlutAloeMine 5-MTHF Bio C 1:1 CurcuPlex CR Green Tea 600 5-MTHF ES Borage CP-240 GS 750 BrainSustain D A H BrainSustain for Kids D3 2000 ActivEssentials D3 5000 HistDAO ActivEssentials for Women C D3 Liquid Hormone Protect ActivEssentials with Calcium Calcium D-Glucarate DHA from Algae I Activ Essentials with OncoPLEX & D3 Candicidal DHA from Algae for Kids i5 ActivNutrients Cardio Essentials DIMension 3 IgG 2000 DF Capsules ActivNutrients without Copper & Iron CarniteX DioVasc IgG 2000 DF Powder ActivNutrients without Iron CheleX DJD Factors IgG Pure Adrenal Essence CholeRex doloroX Immune Essentials AdrenaMax CinnDromeX ImmunoBar ALAmax CR Coconut Oil F ImmunotiX 250 AllerDHQ CodPure Plus FIT Food Vegan ImmunotiX 500 AngiNOX ColonX FIT Food Whey Iron Glycinate Appe-Curb ConjuLean 1000 G I-Sight Aromat8-PN coolsens CoQmax CF GarliX B J CoQmax-100 CF GastrAcid B Activ Joint Rx

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# Berbemycin CoQmax Ubiquinol GI Protect 5-HTP CR Benfotiamine Corticare B GlutAloeMine 5-MTHF Bio C 1:1 CurcuPlex CR Green Tea 600 5-MTHF ES Borage CP-240 GS 750 BrainSustain D A H BrainSustain for Kids D3 2000 HistDAO ActivEssentials D3 5000 Hormone Protect ActivEssentials for Women C D3 Liquid Calcium D-Glucarate ActivEssentials with Calcium D3 Vegan 1000 Candicidal I Activ Essentials with OncoPLEX & D3 DHA from Algae Cardio Essentials i5 ActivNutrients DHA from Algae for Kids CarniteX IgG 2000 DF Capsules ActivNutrients without Copper & Iron DIMension 3 IgG 2000 DF Powder ActivNutrients without Iron CheleX DioVasc IgG Pure Adrenal Essence CholeRex DJD Factors Immune Essentials AdrenaMax CinnDromeX ImmunoBar ALAmax CR Coconut Oil F ImmunotiX 250 AllerDHQ CodPure Plus FIT Food Vegan ImmunotiX 500 AngiNOX ColonX FIT Food Whey InSea2 Appe-Curb ConjuLean 1000 Iron Glycinate Aromat8-PN coolsens G CoQmax CF I-Sight B GarliX CoQmax-100 CF B Activ GastrAcid J

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Melatonin OmegaPure 600 EC RelaxMax K Melatonin CR OmegaPure 780 EC P Resveratin Plus X K2-45 MemorAll OmegaPure 820 PanXyme pH Xcellent C K2-D3 MenoFem OmegaPure DHA PepciX S Xcellent E HG-400 K-Mg Citrate Methylcobalamin OmegaPure EFA PhosphaLine S-Acetyl Glutathione XenoProtX Methyl Protect OmegaPure EPA PhosphaLine 4:1 Saccharomycin DF XymoDine L MinRex OmegaPure Liquid PMS Soothe Saloxicin XymoZyme Lacido l Mitochondrial Renewal Kit OncoMAR Prenatal Essentials SAMe & TMG LipiChol Z Mood Food OncoPLEX ProbioMax DF SedaLin LipotropiX Zinc Glycinate Mood Food ES OncoPLEX ES ProbioMax Daily DF Selen-E-400 Liver Protect OptiCleanse GHI ProbioMax DDS SerenX L-Glutamine N OptiCleanse Plus ProbioMax ENT L-Lysine T N.O.max ER OptiFiber SCFA ProbioMax ENT for Kids L-Theanine T-150 NAC OptiMag 125 ProbioMax Plus DF Nattokinase Probio Defense TestoPlex M OptiMetaboliX NeuroActives BrainSustain Oraxinol Prostate FLO Magnesium Citrate U NiaVasc OrganiX Bars ProteoXyme MedCaps DPO UritraX NiaVasc 750 OrganiX PhytoFood MedCaps GI R Nrf2 Activator OSAplex V MedCaps IS Red Yeast Rice OSAplex MK-7 VegaPro MedCaps Menopause O RegeneMax Ossopan 1100 Vinpocetine MedCaps T3 OmegaPure 300 EC RegeneMax Liquid Ossopan MD Viragraphis # Berbemycin CoQmax Ubiquinol GI Protect 5-HTP CR Benfotiamine Corticare B GlutAloeMine 5-MTHF Bio C 1:1 CurcuPlex CR Green Tea 600 5-MTHF ES Borage CP-240 GS 750 BrainSustain D A H BrainSustain for Kids D3 2000 ActivEssentials D3 5000 HistDAO ActivEssentials for Women C D3 Liquid Hormone Protect ActivEssentials with Calcium Calcium D-Glucarate DHA from Algae I Activ Essentials with OncoPLEX & D3 Candicidal DHA from Algae for Kids i5 ActivNutrients Cardio Essentials DIMension 3 IgG 2000 DF Capsules ActivNutrients without Copper & Iron CarniteX DioVasc IgG 2000 DF Powder ActivNutrients without Iron CheleX DJD Factors IgG Pure Adrenal Essence CholeRex doloroX Immune Essentials AdrenaMax CinnDromeX ImmunoBar ALAmax CR Coconut Oil F ImmunotiX 250 AllerDHQ CodPure Plus FIT Food Vegan ImmunotiX 500 AngiNOX ColonX FIT Food Whey Iron Glycinate Appe-Curb ConjuLean 1000 G I-Sight Aromat8-PN coolsens CoQmax CF GarliX B J CoQmax-100 CF GastrAcid B Activ Joint Rx

Table of Contents

Click bottom right corner to return to Table of Contents # Berbemycin CoQmax Ubiquinol GI Protect 5-HTP CR Benfotiamine Corticare B GlutAloeMine 5-MTHF Bio C 1:1 CurcuPlex CR Green Tea 600 5-MTHF ES Borage CP-240 GS 750 BrainSustain D A H BrainSustain for Kids D3 2000 ActivEssentials D3 5000 HistDAO ActivEssentials for Women C D3 Liquid Hormone Protect ActivEssentials with Calcium Calcium D-Glucarate DHA from Algae I Activ Essentials with OncoPLEX & D3 Candicidal DHA from Algae for Kids i5 ActivNutrients Cardio Essentials DIMension 3 IgG 2000 DF Capsules ActivNutrients without Copper & Iron CarniteX DioVasc IgG 2000 DF Powder ActivNutrients without Iron CheleX DJD Factors IgG Pure Adrenal Essence CholeRex doloroX Immune Essentials AdrenaMax CinnDromeX ImmunoBar ALAmax CR Coconut Oil F ImmunotiX 250 AllerDHQ CodPure Plus FIT Food Vegan ImmunotiX 500 AngiNOX ColonX FIT Food Whey Iron Glycinate Appe-Curb ConjuLean 1000 G I-Sight Aromat8-PN coolsens CoQmax CF GarliX B J CoQmax-100 CF GastrAcid B Activ Joint Rx

Table of Contents Ossopan 1100 Melatonin OmegaPure 600 EC RelaxMax Ossopan MD K Melatonin CR OmegaPure 780 EC Resveratin Plus X K2-45 MemorAll OmegaPure 820 P Xcellent C K2-D3 S Xcellent E HG-400 MenoFem OmegaPure DHA PanXyme pH K-Mg Citrate S-Acetyl Glutathione XenoProtX Methylcobalamin OmegaPure EFA PepciX Saccharomycin DF XymoDine Methyl Protect OmegaPure EPA PhosphaLine L Saloxicin XymoZyme MinRex OmegaPure Liquid PhosphaLine 4:1 Lacido l SAMe & TMG Mitochondrial Renewal Kit OncoMAR PMS Soothe LipiChol SedaLin Z Mood Food OncoPLEX Prenatal Essentials LipotropiX Selen-E-400 Zinc Glycinate Mood Food ES OncoPLEX ES ProbioMax DF Liver Protect SerenX OptiCleanse GHI ProbioMax Daily DF L-Glutamine N OptiCleanse Plus ProbioMax DDS L-Lysine N.O.max ER T OptiFiber SCFA ProbioMax ENT L-Theanine NAC T-150 OptiMag 125 ProbioMax ENT for Kids Nattokinase TestoPlex M OptiMetaboliX ProbioMax Plus DF NeuroActives BrainSustain OptiMetaboliX 2:1 Probio Defense Magnesium Citrate U NiaVasc Oraxinol Prostate FLO MedCaps DPO UritraX NiaVasc 750 OrganiX Bars MedCaps GI ProteoXyme Nrf2 Activator OrganiX PhytoFood MedCaps IS V OSAplex R VegaPro MedCaps Menopause O OSAplex MK-7 Red Yeast Rice Vinpocetine MedCaps T3 OmegaPure 300 EC OSAplex Vegan RegeneMax Viragraphis RegeneMax Liquid

Table of Contents

Melatonin OmegaPure 600 EC RelaxMax V K P Melatonin CR OmegaPure 780 EC Resveratin Plus VegaPro K2-45 PanXyme pH MemorAll OmegaPure 820 Vinpocetine K2-D3 PepciX S MenoFem OmegaPure DHA Viragraphis K-Mg Citrate Methylcobalamin OmegaPure EFA PhosphaLine S-Acetyl Glutathione PhosphaLine 4:1 Saccharomycin DF Methyl Protect OmegaPure EPA X L PMS Soothe Saloxicin MinRex OmegaPure Liquid Xcellent C Lacido l Prenatal Essentials SAMe & TMG Mitochondrial Renewal Kit OncoMAR Xcellent E HG-400 LipiChol ProbioMax DF SedaLin Mood Food OncoPLEX XenoProtX LipotropiX ProbioMax Daily DF Selen-E-400 Mood Food ES OncoPLEX ES XymoDine Liver Protect ProbioMax DDS SerenX OptiCleanse GHI XymoZyme L-Glutamine SynovX Performance N OptiCleanse Plus ProbioMax ENT L-Lysine SynovX Tendon & Ligament N.O.max ER OptiFiber SCFA ProbioMax ENT for Kids Z L-Theanine NAC OptiMag 125 ProbioMax Plus DF Zinc Glycinate Nattokinase Probio Defense M OptiMetaboliX T NeuroActives BrainSustain Oraxinol Prostate FLO T-150 Magnesium Citrate NiaVasc OrganiX Bars ProteoXyme TestoPlex MedCaps DPO NiaVasc 750 OrganiX PhytoFood MedCaps GI R Nrf2 Activator OSAplex U MedCaps IS Red Yeast Rice UritraX OSAplex MK-7 MedCaps Menopause O RegeneMax Ossopan 1100 MedCaps T3 OmegaPure 300 EC RegeneMax Liquid Ossopan MD

Click bottom right corner to return to Table of Contents 5-HTP CR Neurologic & Cognitive Controlled-Release 5-Hydroxytryptophan Formula Clinical Applications

» Supports Healthy Biosynthesis of Serotonin* » Supports Healthy Mood and Positive Outlook*

» Supports Normal Appetite* Relaxation & Sleep » Supports Restful Sleep Pattern*

5-HTP CR has a delivery system that releases 5-HTP slowly and steadily over a period of time. 5-HTP is a drug-free amino acid derived from a plant that naturally increases the body’s level of serotonin, the chemical messenger that affects emotions, behavior, appetite, and sleep. Today’s stress-ﬁ lled lifestyles and dietary practices may negatively affect how the body handles serotonin. Regular use of XYMOGEN®’s 5-HTP CR helps promote a more positive outlook and greater appetite control.*

Available in 60 tablets Discussion 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a precursor to serotonin. In the effects. Support of sleep quality is likely related to 5-HTP’s ability to body, the essential amino acid tryptophan (when acted upon by the increase the length of rapid eye movement (REM).[3,17] In children, enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase) converts to 5-HTP. The compound supplementation with 5-HTP may help modulate arousal level and is subsequently decarboxylated to serotonin, thereby elevating support peaceful sleep.*[18] extracellular serum serotonin levels. Supplementing with 5-HTP bypasses the somewhat limiting conversion of tryptophan to 5-HTP. [1,2] Oral 5-HTP is well-absorbed in the intestine without the need for a transporter; other amino acids do not compete with it for absorption. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier, is not degraded by the enzymes that degrade tryptophan, and it is excreted through the kidneys.*[1,3]

Mood and Comfort Serotonin regulates many normal brain activities, increases norepinephrine and dopamine, and is important in regulating mood and behavior. Adequate levels of serotonin are associated with normal calmness and relaxation.*[1-5]

Several studies have demonstrated that 5-HTP supports a healthy frame of mind, good energy levels, ease of movement, and restful sleep.[1,6,7] Published studies (dose~100-600 mg/day) have also demonstrated the effectiveness of 5-HTP supplementation in supporting cerebral comfort.*[8-10]

Appetite Used in a high dose (i.e., 300 mg/three times a day), 5-HTP decreased food consumption and reduced weight. This result may relate to the effect of 5-HTP in supporting normal hypothalamic regulation, which includes appetite homeostasis.[11] However, nausea at this relatively high dose was a common complaint.[12,13] In other research, sublingual 5-HTP administered ﬁ ve times per day for eight weeks in adult overweight women signiﬁ cantly supported feelings of post-meal hunger satisfaction.*[14]

Hormones and Sleep 5-HTP is thought to effect the HPA axis, as it has the ability to raise plasma cortisol levels, to cause transient increase in growth hormone (at 150 mg dose), and in men only, to support healthy levels of thyroid stimulating hormone.[15,16] Serotonin is also converted to melatonin; thus, supplementation has similar

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry or suspectyouare, pregnantorifyouarelactating, orunder18yearsofage. 5-HTP, St. John’s wort, SAMe, babywoodrose. orHawaiian Donottakeifyouare, CAUTIONS: supplementscontainingL-tryptophan, Donotusewithotherdietary preservatives. fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn,cial sweeteners, or yeast, soy, products, animalordairy Parkinson’s disease, disorders. orpsychiatric Notforusebychildren. a medicalconditionoraretakingprescriptiondrugsfordepression, migraines, Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerpriortouseifyouhave, orsuspectyouhave, recommended dose. DIRECTIONS: Take onetablet, uptotwotimesdaily, withameal. Donotexceed 5-HTP CRSupplementFacts magnesium stearate,andglycerin. Other Ingredients: Dibasiccalciumphosphate,celluloseandderivatives,stearicacid,silica, ** DailyValue notestablished. (seed) Griffoniasimplicifolia) 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)(from Serving Size:1TabletServing *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 100 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References terrors inchildren. EurJPediatr. 2004Jul;163(7):402-07. [PMID:15146330] Bruni O, Ferri R, MianoS, etal. ofsleep treatment L-5-hydroxytryptophan Jun;30(6):505-09. [PMID: 4105646] sleep ofnormalhumansubjects. ElectroencephalogrClinNeurophysiol.1971 RJ,Wyatt Zarcone V, EngelmanK, etal. onthe Effectsof5-hydroxytryptophan Metab. 1983Jan;56(1):170-76. [PMID:6600170] functioninmenandwomen. onpituitary hydroxytryptophan JClinEndocrinol Mashchak CA, KletzkyOA, SpencerC, etal. Transient effectofL-5- humans. (Berl). Psychopharmacology 1991;103(2):258-64. [PMID: 1851310] cortisol,5-hydroxytryptophan-mediated ACTH andprolactinsecretionin Lee MA, NashJF, BarnesM, etal. effectofritanserinonthe Inhibitory [PMID: 19752879] sublingual sprayformulation. IntJObes(Lond). 2009Oct;33(10):1174-82. plantextract usinganatural overweight womenafteranewtreatment Rondanelli M, KlersyC, IadarolaP, etal. andamino-acidprofi Satiety le in 9705024] diabetic patients. MetabDisord. 1998Jul;22(7):648-54. IntJObesRelat [PMID: intakeandmacronutrientselectioninnon-insulindependent on energy Cangiano C, Laviano A, DelBenM, etal. Effectsoforal5-hydroxy-tryptophan Clin Nutr. 1992Nov;56:863-67. [PMID: 1384305] with5-hydroxytryptophan.prescriptions inobeseadultsubjectstreated AmJ Cangiano C, CeciF, Cascino A, etal. andadherencetodietary behavior Eating Horm ResPaediatr. 2010;73(1):68-73. [PMID: 20190542] impairment: hydroxylation to tryptophan acauseofhypothalamicsyndrome? Schott DA, NicolaiJ, de Vries JE, etal. Disorderintheserotonergicsystem due in man. AdvExpMedBiol.1999;467:177-82. [PMID: 10721054] Nicolodi M, SicuteriF. canpreventnociceptivedisorders L-5-hydroxytryptophan [PMID: 16643553] period.2006 Apr;46(4):592-96.in migraineduringanattack-free Headache. E,Nagata M, Shibata HamadaJ, etal. (5-HT) Plasma5-hydroxytryptamine 2000 Jun;40(6):451-56. [PMID: 10849040] headache: adouble-blind, randomized, placebocontrolledstudy. Headache. Ribeiro CA. intheprophylaxisofchronictension-type L-5-hydroxytryptophan a 90-dayopenstudy. JIntMedRes.1992 Apr;20(2):182-89. [PMID: 1521674] Puttini S, CarusoI. fi Primary syndromeand5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan: bromyalgia syndrome. JIntMedRes.1990May-Jun;18(3):201-09. [PMID: 2193835] fi ofprimary versusplacebointhetreatment 5-hydroxytryptophan bromyalgia Caruso I, SarziPuttiniP, CazzolaM, etal. of Double-blindstudy depression. Neuropsychobiology. 1988;20(1):28-35. [PMID: 3265988] of withaperipheraldecarboxylaseinhibitorinthetreatment combination Zmilacher K, R, Battegay GastparM. aloneandin L-5-hydroxytryptophan [PMID: 1882697] andhealthyvolunteers.on patients Scand. ActaPsychiatr 1991;83(6):449-55. inmajordepression: hydroxytryptophan study apositronemissiontomography Agren H, ReibringL, HartvigP, etal. brainuptakeofL-[11C]5- Low Altern MedRev. 1998 Aug;3(4):271-80. [PMID: 9727088] Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: aclinically-effective serotoninprecursor. Int JNeuropsychopharmacol.2007Jun;10(3):309-20. [PMID: 17176492] infl toemotionaldysregulation. uences personalitytraitsanddisordersrelated Gutknecht L, JacobC, Strobel A, etal. Tryptophan hydroxylase-2genevariation Oct;3(5):367-75. [PMID: 9802912] Juhl JH. Fibromyalgia andtheserotoninpathway. AlternMedRev. 1998 Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 09/19/12 (RV) DRS-200 5-MTHF Cardiovascular Support Bioactive Folate as Quatrefolic® Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Serum Folate* »» Supports the Conversion of Homocysteine to Methionine* »» Supports Methylation*

»» Supports Nervous System and Oral Health* Female Health »» Supports Normal Cellular Proliferation (including red blood cells)* »» Supports a Healthy Pregnancy Outcome*

5-MTHF, provided as Quatrefolic†, is the most biologically active form of the water-soluble B vitamin, folic acid. It is the preferred form of folate supplementation due to an array of conditions that can limit conversion or absorption of folic acid. Data indicate that supplementing with 5-MTHF increases plasma folate more effectively than folic acid.* Neurologic & Cognitive

5-MTHF and 5-MTHF ES are available in 60 capsules Discussion Generically known as folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is the Folate intake is especially important for women of child-bearing most biologically active form of the water-soluble B vitamin, folic acid. age. Studies indicate that supplementing during pregnancy supports It is the form into which the body must convert all other forms of folic a healthy outcome.[9] In a 2010 study, researchers concluded that acid before it can be used. Along with vitamin B12, 5-MTHF serves if a woman exhibits certain genetic variations during pregnancy, as a donor of methyl groups. The body utilizes methyl groups in many it will lead to reduced methylation capacity and subsequent DNA nervous system and metabolic processes, including the conversion hypomethylation.*[10] of homocysteine to methionine, the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine), the production of melatonin, and the synthesis of DNA. In addition, sufficient folate is necessary for brain and nervous system functions. Inadequate intake of folate is likely to occur in a diet consisting primarily of processed and/or cooked foods, as processing or cooking destroys the vitamin. Besides insufficient dietary intake, poor absorption or poor utilization can result in folate depletion, as can excessive use of alcohol and other factors.*[1]

Despite research showing that folic acid and 5-MTHF have equivalent bioavailability and that supplementation with large doses of folic acid can “force” its conversion to the more active form, 5-MTHF is often the preferred form to replenish folate. This is due, primarily, to the inadequacy of folic acid to raise plasma levels when certain conditions are present.[2,3] In this formula, 5-MTHF is provided as Quatrefolic®— the glucosamine salt of 5-MTHF. Quatrefolic is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability over calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF. Folate is stored in the red blood cells, where levels have been shown to be higher after supplementation with 5-MTHF compared to folic acid and placebo. For example, patients given 5 mg of 5-MTHF experienced plasma levels 700% greater than patients given folic acid.*[4]

Good folate status is associated with a healthy mood.[5] 5-MTHF might improve trimonoamine neurotransmitter synthesis and help maintain a sense of calmness and a healthy outlook.[6] In non-smoking adults, higher folate levels are indicative of gum tissue strength, and a range of vitamins including folate appear to act in support of oral health mechanisms.*[7,8]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Female Health Cardiovascular Support Folate (as6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare 5-MTHF ESSupplementFacts STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare silica. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline Size:2Capsules Serving 5-MTHF SupplementFacts Folate (as(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt silica. Other Ingredients: cellulose,HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesium stearate,and Microcrystalline Size:2Capsules Serving

of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic † Quatrefolic ® ® isaregisteredtrademark isaregisteredtrademark *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. † ) † This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. ) Amount PerServing Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 10,000 mcg 2000 mcg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value %Daily Value 2500% 500% 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Sep;153B(6):1209-20. [PMID: 20468076] children withautism. AmJMedGenetBNeuropsychiatr. 2010 inmothersof carriergeneandDNAhypomethylation the reducedfolate James SJ, S, Melnyk JerniganS, etal. A functionalpolymorphismin United States. AmJEpidemiol. 2009Jan1;169(1):9-17. [PMID: 18953063] inthe intakeamongpregnanciesconceivedafterfolicacidfortification folate Mosley BS, ClevesMA, Siega-Riz AM, etal. Neuraltubedefectsandmaternal 2010 Jul-Aug;28(4):426-31. [PMID: 20620760] Thomas DM, GW. Mirowski Nutritionandoralmucosaldiseases. ClinDermatol. 101. [PMID: 19732352] gingival healthinnon-smokingadultsJapan. OralDis. 2010Jan;16(1):96- Esaki M, MoritaM, Akhter R, etal. betweenfolicacidintakeand Relationship University Press;2008:175-178. Stahl, SM. Depressionandbipolardisorder. 3rded. New York: Cambridge Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002May;72(5):567-71. [PMID: 11971038] Reynolds EH. system. Benefitsandrisksoffolicacidtothenervous JNeurol Br JPharmacol.2004Mar;141(5):825-30. [PMID: 14769778] disease. artery withcoronary andfolicacidinpatients 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Willems FF, BoersGH, BlomHJ, etal. of ontheutilisation Pharmacokineticstudy [PMID: 12163145] metabolism, andalcoholicliverdisease. Alcohol. 2002Jul;27(3):169-72. Halsted CH, Villanueva JA, Devlin AM, etal. Folate deficiency, methionine Aug;21(4):320-3. [PMID: 20603044] diseases. bowel EurJInternMed. withinflammatory in patients 2010 Yakut M, Ustün Y, KabaçamG, etal. status SerumvitaminB12andfolate Mar;77(3):658-62. [PMID: 12600857] homocysteine: arandomizedplacebo-controlledstudy. AmJClinNutr. 2003 orfolicacidonplasma withL-5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation Venn BJ, Green TJ, MoserR, etal. Comparisonoftheeffectlow-dose Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. 02/13/13 (RV) DRS-229 ™

ActivEssentials Female Health Daily Dose-Pack Nutrition Clinical Applications

»» Provides Foundation Micronutrition for a Variety of Protocols* »» Supports Improved Dietary Nutrient Intake* »» Provides Antioxidant Support* Male Health

ActivEssentials™ is a combination of three targeted nutritional formulas conveniently dose-packaged and providing comprehensive nutritional support. ActivEssentials for Women™ contains iron and additional calcium. ActivEssentials with Calcium™ contains extra calcium without iron. The formulas include Albion® chelated minerals; activated B vitamins; Quatrefolic®, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)

botanicals; and fresh, pure, third-party assayed fish oils. Calcium is Multivitamins & Minerals in the form of di-calcium malate and microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC).*

Available in 60 Packets Discussion The average diet can be lacking in complete nutrition due to modern time of OmegaPure fish oils. In addition to complying with a host of food-production techniques, poor food choices, and nutrient-depleting federal and state regulations, our supplier also agrees to adhere to preparation methods.[1-3] Combine these with the toll of lifestyle stress voluntary guidelines for manufacturing and to a code of ethics as and oxidizing chemicals—found in foods and the environment—and members of the Council for Responsible Nutrition. Research suggests it becomes essential to ensure comprehensive foundation nutrition that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may support for the body. To achieve this, each cellophane-wrapped package of cardiovascular health.[5] Studies have also shown that fish oils may ActivEssentials contains the following XYMOGEN® formulas:* support a healthy response to inflammation, promote optimal joint function[6], and support overall brain and nervous system function.*[7] ActivNutrients™ without Iron This high-quality, hypoallergenic, proprietary multivitamin/mineral blend is provided in vegetable capsules and not only features activated vitamin co-factors and patented Albion® chelated mineral complexes, but it also provides folate as a blend of folic acid and 5-MTHF. The form of 5-MTHF is Quatrefolic®, which is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability over the calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF. The balanced nutrient profile in ActivNutrients™ without Iron supports vitamin/ mineral synergistic activity; antioxidant protection with vitamins C and E, selenium, and carotenoids; and Phase 1 detoxification.*

Oraxinol™ This innovative blend contains oxidation-fighting botanicals derived from a variety of fruits. The technique known as ORAC measures antioxidant capacity, and units of an ORAC value are expressed as micromoles Trolox Equivalents per gram of a substance. Consuming an average of five to nine servings per day of a variety of fruits and vegetables yields 6000 Trolox Equivalents. This same amount is supplied by just two capsules (1000 mg) of Oraxinol.*[8]

OmegaPure 600 EC™ Each enteric-coated softgel contains 1.1 g of fish oil, delivering 360 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A rigorous, proprietary, temperature- controlled/vacuum technology is used for purification and manufacturing. Stringent verification processes reduce any potential health risks which may otherwise result from the oil’s exposure to rancid fats, toxins, bacteria, molds, yeasts, or very high levels of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A. XYMOGEN is proud to guarantee the quality, potency, purity, stability, and disintegration

375 mcg 500 mcg 250 mcg 200 mcg 250 mcg 0.25 mg 49.5 mg 3750 IU Amount 125 mg 100 mg Serving 50 mcg 25 mcg 50 mcg 6.5 mg 6.5 mg 0.5 mg 2 ActivNutrients 100 IU 100 IU 10 mg 32 mg 10 mg 10 mg 18 mg 50 mg 50 mg 18 mg Per *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. without Iron This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Capsules 4167% 1000% 500% 160% 588% 667% 333% 208% 167% 208% %DV 25% 75% 33% 13% 13% 33% 50% 71% 43% 25% 1% 5% ** ** ** ** All XYMOGEN ™

Amount 500 mg Serving 1 Oraxinol Per Capsule %DV ® ** FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ™

Amount 240 mg 360 mg Serving 1 OmegaPure 1.1 g 1.1 g Per 10 10 600 EC Softgel %DV 2% ** ** ** ™ ‡

8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

July-Aug;54(1):56-61. [PMID: 16337142] products.antioxidant activityofdrugsandnatural JPharmacolMethods.2006 (ORAC)foruseinhighthroughputassayof radical absorbentcapacity “total” Price JA, CG, Sanny ShevlinD. ofmanualassessmentoxygen Application Rev. 2010Dec;68(suppl2):S102-11. [PMID: 21091943] Cole GM, MaQL, Frautschy brain. SA. acidsandtheaging fatty Nutr Dietary May;34(2):469-79. [PMID: 18638687] jointdisease:inflammatory efficacy andutility. RheumDisClinNorth Am . 2008 Proudman SM, ClelandLG, of JamesMJ. fortreatment omega-3fats Dietary Accessed February 27, 2011. fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108351.htm. Drug DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Administration http://www. FDA announcesqualifiedhealth acids.claims foromega-3fatty U.S. Food and Albion TRAACS [PMID: 11327522] vegetables, andgrains. J .2001 Apr;7(2):161-73.Altern ComplementMed Worthington V. Nutritionalqualityoforganicversusconventionalfruits, 22, 2011. usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-50-00. in weeat What America. USDA http://www.ars.Agricultural ResearchService 2011. and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm. Accessed February 22, Survey. HealthandNutritionExamination National CentersforDiseaseControl analysis. Accessed March13, 2011. Nutrition. http://www.albionminerals.com/human-nutrition/quality/traacs-ft-ir- Additional referencesavailable uponrequest ® big news in mineral amino acid chelate history. bignewsinmineralaminoacidchelate Albion Human

Accessed February Accessed Rev. (RV) DRS-110

05/17/13 ActivEssentials™ with OncoPLEX™ & D3 Bone Health Support Daily Dose-Pack Nutrition Clinical Applications

»» Provides Foundation Micronutrition for a Variety of Protocols* »» Supports Improved Dietary Nutrient Intake* »» Provides Long-Lasting Antioxidant Support* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Individuals with Higher Vitamin D Requirements*

ActivEssentials™ with OncoPLEX™ & D3 is a conveniently dose- packaged combination of three formulas that provides comprehensive nutritional support for health and well-being, especially when higher vitamin D intake and long-lasting antioxidant support against free radical damage is desirable.* Cell-Life Regulation

Available in 60 packets

Discussion The average diet can be lacking in complete nutrition due to modern OncoPLEX™ and D3 This combination contains SGS™ broccoli seed food-production techniques, poor food choices, and nutrient-depleting extract, a powerful phytochemical featured in XYMOGEN’s OncoPLEX preparation methods.[1-3] Combine these with the toll of lifestyle stress formulas, and bioactive D3. These two nutrients continue to be the and oxidizing chemicals—found in foods and the environment—and focus of much research for their protective roles at both system and it becomes essential to ensure comprehensive foundation nutrition cellular levels.* Cytokine Balance Support for the body. To help achieve this, each cellophane-wrapped packet of ActivEssentials with OncoPLEX & D3 contains the following XYMOGEN OncoPLEX delivers 15 mg of glucoraphanin, the glucosinolate in formulas and ingredient combinations.* broccoli that converts to sulforaphane in the body. Sulphoraphane is considered the compound most responsible for the many health ActivNutrients™ Without Iron This high-quality, hypoallergenic, benefits of broccoli, and it possesses antioxidant activity that lasts proprietary multivitamin/mineral blend features activated vitamins, up to 72 hours (significantly longer than the activity of vitamins C, such as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and methylcobalamin, E, or beta carotene). SGS activates the transcription factor Nrf2, and patented Albion® chelated mineral complexes. The balanced which increases synthesis of Phase 2 detoxification and antioxidant nutrient profile in ActivNutrients without Iron supports vitamin/mineral enzymes.[7] In addition, SGS has been shown to support normal activity; antioxidant protection with vitamins C and E, selenium, and cell-life regulation.[8-11] It has also been shown to support the body’s carotenoids; and Phase 1 detoxification.* response to harmful microbes, a healthy response to aging-associated Immune System Support inflammation, and eye and cardiovascular health.*[12-16] OmegaPure 600 EC™ Each enteric-coated softgel contains 1.2 g of fish oil, delivering 360 mg EPA and 240 mg DHA. A rigorous, D3 is provided as 2000 IU of cholecalciferol, identical to the form proprietary, temperature-controlled/vacuum technology is used for in which it is derived in the body from cholesterol and synthesized purification and manufacturing. Stringent verification processes by sunlight on the skin. Although vitamin D forms are similar reduce any potential health risks which may otherwise result from biochemically, a recent study reported D3 to be approximately 87% the oil’s exposure to rancid fats, toxins, bacteria, molds, yeasts, or more potent in raising and maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D very high levels of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A. XYMOGEN (25[OH]D) concentrations and in producing two- to threefold greater is proud to guarantee the quality, potency, purity, stability, and storage of vitamin D than did equimolar D2 (ergocalciferol).[17] In disintegration time of OmegaPure fish oils. In addition to complying addition to musculoskeletal benefits, research now suggests that with a host of federal and state regulations, our supplier also agrees optimal serum levels of vitamin D support normal cell differentiation, Multivitamins & Minerals to adhere to voluntary guidelines for manufacturing and to a code of cardiovascular health, normal immune function, good balance, ethics as members of the Council for Responsible Nutrition. Research healthy mood, normal fetal development, neuronal growth and suggests that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may neurodevelopment, healthy glucose metabolism, periodontal health, support cardiovascular health.[4] Studies have also shown that fish oils and normal intestinal immune responses.*[18-20] may support the body’s natural response to inflammation, promote optimal joint function[5], and support overall brain and nervous system function.*[6]

EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Multivitamins & Minerals Immune System Support Cytokine Balance Support Cell-Life Regulation Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry or preservatives. products, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificial colors, sweeteners, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsusing bloodthinners healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take thecontentsofonepackettwicedaily, orasdirectedbyyour ActivEssentials™ withOncoPLEX™&D3SupplementFacts acid, glucosaminesalt Folate (100mcgas(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (asniacinamideandnicotinicacid) Riboflavin (asriboflavin5’-phosphatesodium) Thiamin (asthiaminemononitrate) Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) sodium ascorbate,andpotassiumascorbate) Vitamin C(ascalciumascorbate,zinc palmitate) Vitamin A(75%asbeta-caroteneand25%retinyl Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories ‡ Size:1Packet Serving Zinc (asTRAACS Magnesium (asDiMagnesiumMalate) Iodine (aspotassiumiodide) ascorbate) Other IngredientsforOncoPLEX palmitate, silica,andmedium-chaintriglycerides. Chromium (asTRAACS Chelate) Contains: Fish(anchovy, sardine). lemon oil. Bisglycinate Chelate) Other IngredientsforOmegaPure600EC stearic acid,vegetablemagnesiumstearate,andsilica. PABA (para-aminobenzoicacid) Inositol Glycinate Chelate) Calcium (asDimaCal Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) Biotin Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) oleracea italica)(seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassica DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Fish OilConcentrate Potassium (asGlycinateComplex) Molybdenum (asTRAACS Glycinate Chelate) Copper (asTRAACS Selenium (asGlycinateComplex) Manganese (asTRAACS Other IngredientsforActivNutrients ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. mixed tocopherols) succinateand Vitamin E(asd-alphatocopheryl Vanadium (asTRAACS Choline (ascholinedihydrogencitrate) Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. of BrassicaProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGS™isatrademark 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ® ZincBisglycinateChelate) ® ® CopperBisglycinateChelate) DicalciumMalateandcalcium † ® S.p.A. ProducedunderUSPatent7,947,662. † Quatrefolic and100mcgasfolicacid) ® Vanadium Nicotinate ® ChromiumNicotinate BisglycinateGlycinate ® ™ Molybdenum )

® isaregisteredtrademarkofGnosis ™ Microcrystalline cellulose,HPMC(capsule),vegetable &D3capsule:Microcrystalline ™ HPMC (capsule), microcrystalline cellulose,ascorbyl withoutIron:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ™ : Gelatin,glycerin,purifiedwater, entericcoating,andnatural 375 mcg 500 mcg 250 mcg 200 mcg 250 mcg 0.25 mg 49.5 mg 2 ActivNutrients 3750 IU Amount 125 mg 100 mg Serving 50 mcg 25 mcg 50 mcg

6.5 mg 6.5 mg 0.5 mg 100 IU 100 IU 10 mg 32 mg 10 mg 10 mg 50 mg 50 mg 18 mg 18 mg Per without Iron *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Capsules This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. 4167% 1000% covered byU.S.Patent6,706,904andpatentspending registered trademarksofAlbionLaboratories,Inc.Malates DimaCal, TRAACSandtheAlbionMedalliondesignare 500% 160% 588% 667% 208% 167% 208% 333% %DV 75% 33% 13% 13% 50% 33% 71% 43% 25% 5% 5% 1% ** ** ** ** ™

All XYMOGEN

1 OncoPLEX 2000 IU Amount Serving 15 mg EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE D3 Capsule Per 500% %DV ™ ** ® & Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards.

600 EC Amount 240 mg 360 mg Serving 1 OmegaPure 10 IU 1.1 g 1.1 g Per 10 10 ™ Softgel %DV 33% 2% ** ** ** ‡

• PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

19812222] inhibitor forcancerprevention. JNutr. 2009Dec;139(12):2393-96. [PMID: Ho E, ClarkeJD, DashwoodRH. sulforaphane, Dietary ahistonedeacetylase 11352861] Cancer EpidemiolBiomarkersPrev. 2001May;10(5):501-08. [PMID: isothiocyanates ofbroccolisprouts: metabolismandexcretioninhumans. Shapiro TA, Fahey JW, Wade KL, etal. and Chemoprotectiveglucosinolates [PMID: 20013083] forcancerchemoprevention.sulforaphane AAPSJ. 2010Mar;12(1):87-97. Cheung KL, Kong AN. phenethylisothiocyanate and Moleculartargetsofdietary Oct;94:11149–51. [PMID: 9326574] systems: clinical, dietary, andpolicy implications. ProcNatlAcadSci. 1997 Nestle M. Broccolisproutsasinducersofcarcinogen-detoxifyingenzyme Rev. 2010Dec;68(suppl2):S102-11. [PMID:21091943] Cole GM, MaQL, Frautschy brain. SA. acidsandtheaging fatty Nutr Dietary 2008 May;34(2):469-79. [PMID: 18638687] jointdisease:inflammatory efficacy andutility. RheumDisClinNorthAm . Proudman SM, ClelandLG, of JamesMJ. fortreatment omega-3fats Dietary Accessed February 27, 2011. fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108351.htm. Drug DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Administration http://www. FDA announcesqualifiedhealth acids.claims foromega-3fatty U.S. Food and [PMID: 11327522] vegetables, andgrains. JAlternComplementMed.2001Apr;7(2):161-73. Worthington V. Nutritionalqualityoforganicversusconventionalfruits, 22, 2011. usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-50-00.February Accessed in weeat What America. USDA http://www.ars.Agricultural ResearchService 2011. and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm. Accessed February 22, Survey. HealthandNutritionExamination National CentersforDiseaseControl Sep;3(5):1535-41. [PMID: 18525006] RP.Heany Vitamin Dinhealthanddisease. ClinJAmSocNephrol . 2008 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20. [PMID: 18377099] Cannell JJ, HollisBW. UseofvitaminDinclinical practice. AlternMedRev. Med AssocJ. 2010Mar;12(3):174-75. [PMID: 20684184] Toubi E, Shoenfeld Y. immuneresponses.The roleofvitaminDinregulating Isr 21177785] d2 inhumans. JClinEndocrinolMetab. 2011Mar;96(3):E447-52. [PMID: Heaney RP, ReckerRR, GroteJ, etal. Vitamin d3ismorepotentthanvitamin Acad SciUSA. 2004May;101(18):7094-99. [PMID: 15103025] stress, hypertension, onthecardiovascularsystem. andinflammation ProcNatl Wu L, Noyan Ashraf MH, Facci M, oxidative etal. toattenuate approach Dietary USA. 2004July;101(28):10446-51. [PMID: 15229324] damage. photooxidative pigment epithelialcellsagainst ProcNatlAcadSci Gao X, Talalay P. protectsretinal InductionofPhase2genesbysulforaphane 16053242] NutrNeurosci.2005 CNSinflammation. aging-related Apr;8(2):101-10. [PMID: MH,Noyan-Ashraf SadeghinejadZ, JuurlinkBH. todecrease approach Dietary Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009Nov;29(11):1851-57. [PMID: 19729611] state. Arterioscler cells protectsarteriesfromexhibitingaproinflammatory Zakkar M, Van derHeidenK, Luongle A, etal. ofNrf2inendothelial Activation 60. [PMID: 19349290] infected miceandhumans. CancerPrevRes(PhilaPa).2009Apr;2(4):353- gastritisinHelicobacter pylori- andattenuate sprouts reducecolonization Yanaka A, Fahey JW, Fukumoto A, etal. broccoli sulforaphane-rich Dietary Oncol. 2009Nov;45(11):998-1004. [PMID: 19589718] glandadenoidcysticin highmetastasiscelllineofsalivary carcinoma. Oral Chu WF, Wu DM, Liu W, etal. inducesG2-Marrestandapoptosis Sulforaphane Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-240

04/04/13 ActivNutrients™ Multivitamins & Minerals Hypoallergenic Multivitamin/Mineral Formula for Wellness Support* Clinical Applications

»» Foundation Nutrition for a Variety of Protocols* »» Basic “Insurance” Formula for Wellness* Immune System Support »» Supports Antioxidant Protection* »» Supports Detoxification* »» Supports Health in Those with Poor Nutrient Intake* »» Supports Those with Stressful Lifestyles*

This high-quality, hypoallergenic, multivitamin/mineral blend includes activated vitamins; folate as a blend of Quatrefolic®† (5-MTHF) and folic acid for optimal utilization; and patented Albion® TRAACS® chelated mineral complexes in vegetable capsules. The comprehensive nutrient profile in ActivNutrients™ supports foundational wellness; antioxidant activity with vitamins C and E, selenium, and beta-carotene; and phase I ActivNutrients formulas are available in 120 capsules detoxification.* ActivNutrients Without Iron is also available in 240 capsules Discussion It’s a fact that good nutrition is a basis for wellness, and good nutrition and clinical studies. Not only does this formula contain natural vitamin usually translates into a stronger immune system and better health. E—which has been proven to be up to 100% more bioavailable An important aspect of good nutrition is micronutrition (vitamins than synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol—but it is also provides mixed and minerals).[1-4] Micronutrients play a role in converting food to tocopherols to more closely approximate how one might consume energy; building and repairing tissues and DNA; manufacturing vitamin E in healthful foods.[9,10] Folate is provided as folic acid and neurotransmitters, hormones, and other modulators in the body; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)—the most bioactive form of breaking down and detoxifying xenobiotics and medications; and folate.[11] The form of 5-MTHF in this formula is Quatrefolic®†, which maintaining growth, reproduction, and health. According to research is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability over by the USDA and other organizations, the American diet is lacking calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF. Vitamins B2 and B6 are also provided in micronutrients.[5-8] In fact, nine out of 10 Americans are missing key activated forms, and vitamin B12 is provided as methylcobalamin.* micronutrients. Common culprits may be food-production and storage techniques, poor food choices, and nutrient-depleting preparation Energy Production ActivNutrients provides generous levels of B methods. Whatever the cause, the bottom line is that children and vitamins, which serve as prime coenzymes in glycolysis and oxidative adults are not consuming enough nutrient-rich foods to meet all phosphorylation, and as cofactors in amino acid and lipid metabolism. their most basic vitamin and mineral needs.[6] What’s more, the The balanced presence of B vitamins in this formula is essential to their recommended intakes (e.g., %DV, DRIs, EARs, RDAs) are designed to cooperative functioning and excellent for those with stressful lifestyles.* meet the minimum needs of some healthy individuals; they are not designed to meet the requirements of all individuals, especially the Antioxidant Protection The broad spectrum of nutrients delivering chronically ill.* There are numerous reasons to select ActivNutrients: antioxidant activity in the formula includes natural vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, zinc, beta carotene, and trace elements. The balance of Balanced Profile Vitamins and minerals work synergistically and these provides for effective antioxidant functioning; they often work cooperatively when present in proper amounts. However, imbalances synergistically to regenerate each other and maintain consistent levels between micronutrients can disrupt this synergistic relationship, of antioxidant activity both intra- and extracellularly.* possibly leading to instances of competitive intestinal absorption or displacement at the metabolic/cellular level, which can produce Detoxification Support Xenobiotics, including environmental relative excesses and insufficiencies. For this reason, ActivNutrients’ pollutants and medications, must undergo biotransformation into balanced profile includes calcium and magnesium, zinc and copper, molecules that can be easily excreted from the body. There are vitamins C and E, bioactive folate, vitamin B12 and B vitamin complex, significant levels of bioavailable riboflavin, niacin, folate, and B12 beta-carotene, and trace elements.* present in the formula to support phase I detoxification, which is needed to contend with the increasing demand posed by xenobiotics Bioavailability The micronutrients are provided in bioavailable forms and metabolic by-products. Beta carotene, vitamin C, tocopherols, so that they can be better absorbed and utilized. A full complement selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese are present to protect tissues of Albion® patented mineral chelates and complexes is contained from reactive intermediates formed between phase I and phase II in ActivNutrients. Albion is a recognized world leader in mineral detoxification.* amino acid chelate nutrition and manufactures highly bioavailable nutritional mineral forms that are validated by third-party research

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Multivitamins & Minerals © XYMOGEN ActivNutrients Folate andQuatrefolic. isprovidedasablendofcalciumfolinate formulaas The samegreat ActivNutrients, butwithoutcopper, iron, orfolicacid. BlendwithPatentedProprietary MineralChelates ActivNutrients Also Available in: STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry case ofaccidentaloverdose, calladoctororpoisoncontrolcenterimmediately. poisoninginchildrenunder6.fatal Keepthisproductoutofreachchildren. In WARNING: Accidental overdoseofiron-containingproductsisaleadingcause of sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare ActivNutrients The same great formulaas The samegreat ActivNutrients, butwithoutiron. Hypoallergenic Multivitamin/MineralFormulaforWellness Support* Activated VitaminCofactors inaHypoallergenic Calcium (asDimaCal Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) Biotin Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) and 100mcgasfolicacid) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving Folate (100mcgas6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (asniacinamideandnicotinicacid) Riboflavin (asriboflavin5’-phosphatesodium) Thiamin (asthiaminemononitrate) succinateandmixedtocopherols) Vitamin E(asd-alphatocopheryl Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) potassium ascorbate) Vitamin C(ascalciumascorbate,zincsodiumand Vitamin A(75%asbeta-caroteneand25%retinylpalmitate) Iron (asFerrochel Zinc (asTRAACS Magnesium (asDiMagnesiumMalate) Iodine (aspotassiumiodide) Chromium (asTRAACS Vanadium (asTRAACS Choline (ascholinedihydrogencitrate) Potassium (asGlycinateComplex) chain triglycerides. cellulose,ascorbylpalmitate, silica,andmedium- Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. PABA (para-aminobenzoicacid) Inositol Copper (asTRAACS Selenium (asGlycinateComplex) Molybdenum (asTRAACS Manganese (asTRAACS covered byU.S.Patent6,706,904andpatentspending. are registeredtrademarksofAlbionLaboratories,Inc.Malates DimaCal, Ferrochel,TRAACSandtheAlbionMedalliondesign

® ™ ™ ® ZincBisglycinateChelate) FerrousBisglycinateChelate) TM withoutIron withoutCopper&Iron ® ® CopperBisglycinateChelate) SupplementFacts DicalciumMalateandcalciumascorbate) ® ® Vanadium NicotinateGlycinateChelate) ® ChromiumNicotinateGlycinateChelate) ManganeseBisglycinateChelate) ® MolybdenumBisglycinateChelate) of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® isaregisteredtrademark *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN †

Amount PerServing ® 500 mcg 250 mcg 200 mcg 375 mcg 250 mcg 0.25 mg 49.5 mg 3750 IU 100 mg 125 mg FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 50 mcg 25 mcg 50 mcg 2.5 mg 6.5 mg 6.5 mg 0.5 mg 100 IU 100 IU 10 mg 32 mg 10 mg 10 mg 50 mg 50 mg 18 mg 18 mg 1000% 4167% 167% 500% 160% 588% 667% 208% 333% 208% %DV 50% 25% 75% 13% 33% 14% 13% 33% 71% 43% 25% 5% 1% ** ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 11.

9537614] andsyntheticvitaminE.natural AmJClinNutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):669-84. [PMID: withdeuterated inresponsetosupplementation tocopherol concentrations Burton GW, Traber MG, Acuff RV, etal. Humanplasmaandtissuealpha- 1997 Mar;65(3):785-89. [PMID: 9062530] tocopherol stereoisomersinhumansafteroraladministration. AmJClinNutr. Kiyose C, R, Muramatsu Kameyama Y, etal. ofalpha- Biodiscrimination Nutr. 2011Feb;65(2):160-66. [PMID: 21139631] weightstatus. qualityandbody EurJClin withdietary diet andassociation Alexy U, LibudaL, MersmannS, KerstingM. Conveniencefoodsinchildren’s .3,2011. what_americas_missing.pdf AccessedAugust on theNation’s NutrientGap. Why Milk.com.http://www.whymilk.com/pdfs/ Program.Milk ProcessorEducation What America’s Missing: A 2011Report http://win.niddk.nih.gov/notes/winter99/artcl6.htm. Accessed July22, 2011. in weeat What America. WIN Notes. Weight Network. ControlInformation ca_phos_mg_2005-06.pdf PublishedJuly2009. Accessed February 22, 2011. usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/0506/usual_nutrient_intake_vitD_ intakes forvitaminD, calcium, phosphorus, andmagnesium. http://www.ars. reference compared to1997dietary Usual nutrientintakesfromfoodandwater Agricultural ResearchService. in weeat What America, Nhanes2005-2006. Moshfegh AJ, GoldmanJD, Ahuja JK, etal. U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, clinical applications. JAMA. 2002Jun19;287(23):3127-29. [PMID: 12069676] Fletcher RH, Fairfield KM. Vitaminsforchronicdiseasepreventioninadults: Nutr J. 2007Oct24;6:30. [PMID: 17958896] supplementusers: oflong-termmultipledietary status across-sectionalstudy. Block G, JensenCD, NorkusEP, etal. patterns, Usage health, andnutritional Health Aging. 2011Feb;15(2):99-103. [PMID: 21365161] in free-livinghealthyelderlypeople: theriskofsubclinical malnutrition. JNutr Toffanello ED, Inelmen EM, MinicuciN, etal. Ten-year trends invitaminintake Arch BiochemBiophys. 2004Mar1;423(1):227-34. [PMID: 14989256] Ames BN. A roleforsupplementsinoptimizinghealth: themetabolictune-up. Mar;77(3):658-62. [PMID: 12600857] homocysteine: arandomizedplacebo-controlledstudy. AmJClinNutr. 2003 orfolicacidonplasma withL-5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation Venn BJ, Green TJ, MoserR, etal. Comparisonoftheeffectlow-dose Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-120

01/18/13 ™

Adrenal Essence Adrenal Support Adaptogenic Herbal & Vitamin Supplement* Clinical Applications

»» Helps Support Healthy Energy Levels* »» Supports the Body’s Adaptogenic Response* Immune System Support »» Supports Healthy Immune Function* »» Supports Antioxidant and Cell-Protective Activity*

Adrenal Essence™ is a comprehensive blend of standardized extracts of the highest-quality adaptogenic herbs plus three B vitamins. These ingredients aid in adrenal hormone production and support the body’s adaptogenic response. The formula is designed to support healthy energy levels, antioxidant activity, and healthy immune function.* Relaxation & Sleep

Available in 60 capsules and 120 capsules Discussion Cordyceps sinensis (cordyceps) As a highly regarded cornerstone Panax ginseng (ginseng) As an important herbal remedy in of Chinese medicine, cordyceps has been used for centuries for its TCM, ginseng has been used for thousands of years, primarily for far-reaching restorative effects. It is a safe, highly valued herb with energy production. The main active agents have been identified as activities that support nearly every physiological system impacted ginsenosides, and they are the focus of much published research.[11] by the body’s response to normal everyday stressors, including the Experimental models show that ginseng and ginsenosides have immune and cardiovascular systems.[1-4] Cordyceps has been used beneficial effects in supporting the adrenal glands; protecting the Thyroid Support to support good balance, strength, and a healthy body weight. It is gastric mucosa; and supporting healthy body weight, blood hormones, also widely and traditionally used to increase energy and enhance and the gene expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes.[11-15] stamina.[1,2] It has a positive effect on blood sugar and fat metabolism, Ginsenosides also have immune-supporting and cytokine-modulating which is important because fats and sugars are actively mobilized activities.*[12,16] during activation of the stress response to supply the body with extra energy.[1,4] Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners also Vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid, and Para-Aminobenzoic Acid recommend the regular use of cordyceps to strengthen the body.[1] (PABA) Pantothenic acid is essential to the adrenal glands for Furthermore, the cell-protective and antioxidant activities of cordyceps production of the glucocorticoids. It forms pantethine in the body, have been documented.*[1,4-7] which then converts to coenzyme-A—the most active metabolic enzyme in the human body needed to produce cellular energy.[17] Rhodiola rosea (rhodiola) This adaptogenic herb has been used D-calcium pantothenate contains 91.96% pantothenic acid and is the traditionally in Eastern Europe and Asia for centuries to increase usual supplemental form. Vitamin B6, acting as a coenzyme, has a stamina, maintain a healthy mood, support the nervous and immune role in the conversion of muscle glycogen to glucose, which is needed systems, and maintain healthy male sexual function.[8,9] According to for a proper response to stressors; the synthesis of serotonin; and Panossian et al, experimental studies performed on isolated organs, the support of the immune function.[18] PABA has a role in amino acid tissues, cells, and enzymes demonstrate that rhodiola preparations metabolism and is needed to manufacture folic acid.* exhibit adaptogenic effects that support nerve, brain, and heart health and are calming, longevity-enhancing, and central nervous system- The Thyroid Connection The interplay between healthy adrenal stimulating.[9] In addition, experimental animal models suggest that the function and healthy thyroid function has long been recognized by root extract may be able to support normal heart rhythm.[10] Rhodiola functional medicine practitioners. In fact, cortisol acts in concert with may also have a positive effect on brain neurotransmitters, such as thyroid hormone at the receptor-gene level, and a normal physiologic dopamine and serotonin, and may influence endogenous opioid levels. amount of cortisol is important for normal thyroid function.*[19] [8] According to a review of the literature on rhodiola, supplementation supports healthy work performance, quality of sleep, appetite, and energy levels subsequent to intense physical or intellectual strain. Salidrosides and rosavin have been identified as primary actives. The rhodiola extract in this formula is standardized to provide no less than 1%-3% salidrosides and 3% rosavin.*

2010 Jun;17(7):481-93. [PMID: 20378318] chemical composition, andclinical pharmacology efficacy. Phytomedicine . Panossian A, Wikman G, SarrisJ. Rosenroot(Rhodiolarosea): traditionaluse, Sci Nutr. 2012Mar;63Suppl1:75-81. [PMID: 22039930] Chan SW. Panax ginsengRhodiolaroseaandSchisandrachinensis . IntJFood ptr inPC12cells.damage PhytotherRes . 2011May;25(5):675-80. doi: 10.1002/ myceliaonhydrogenperoxide-inducedoxidative Cordyceps from acultivated Shen W, SongD, Wu J, etal. Protectiveeffectofapolysaccharideisolated Ther. 2011Mar7. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 21382957] cytotoxicitycisplatin innon-smallcelllungcancerH157 line. IntegrCancer Ji NF, Yao LS, Li Y, etal. Polysaccharide ofCordycepssinensisenhances May;105(9):1303-10. [PMID: 21272405] modelsofinjury. gastricdamage HT29 cellcultureandrat BrJNutr. 2011 mushroom)using Chinese medicineCordycepssinensis(Chinesecaterpillar Marchbank T, OjoboE, PlayfordCJ, etal. propertiesofthetraditional Reparative Jun;13(6):428-33. [PMID: 16716913] antioxidation, mycelia. fromculturedCordyceps isolated Phytomedicine. 2006 Li SP, ZhangGH, ZengQ, etal. Hypoglycemicactivityofpolysaccharide, with 18, 640. [PMID: 2597326] (Berk.) Sacc][inChinese]. ZhongguoZhongYao ZaZhi. 1989Oct;14(10):616- Mei QB, Tao JY, GaoSB, etal. [Antiarrhythmiceffectsofcordycepssinensis Med. 1998;4(3):289-303. [PMID: 9884180] Chinese herbalregimen: Cordycepssinensis:partII. J AlternComplement Zhu JS, HalpernGM, JonesK. ofapreciousancient The scientificrediscovery .Cordyceps_Ascomycetes.pdf Accessed May3, 2011. Medicinal Mushrooms. 2008;10(3):219-34. http://www.alohamedicinals.com/ (Fr.)genus Cordyceps Link(Ascomycetes). A review. InternationalJournalof Holliday J, M. Cleaver fungispeciesofthe Medicinalvalueofthecaterpillar Feb;106(2):600-05. [PMID: 6243541] cells.and glucocorticoideffectsinGH3pituitary . Endocrinology 1980 Perrone MH, Greer TL, HinklePM. betweenthyroidhormone Relationships umm.edu/altmed/articles/vitamin-b5-000336.htm. Accessed May10, 2011. Medical Center.University ofMaryland Vitamin B5(Pantothenic acid). www. HealthProfessional/. September15, Updated 2011. Accessed March29, 2012. Fact Sheet: Vitamin B6. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6- Institutes ofHealth.National Supplements. OfficeofDietary Supplement Dietary 21455094] inflammation: amini-review. Molecules. 2011Mar30;16(4):2802-16. [PMID: Lee DC, Lau AS. EffectsofPanaxginsengontumornecrosisfactor- α-mediated [PMID: 14737017] ginseng: acompartivestudy. JPharmacolSci.2003Dec;93(4): 458-64. Rai D, G, Bhatia Sen T, etal. Anti-stress effectsofGingkobilobaandPanax Biochem Pharmacol. 2003Dec1;66(11):2213-21. [PMID: 14609746] secretionbysteroidalmetabolitesofginsengsaponins.catecholamine Tachikawa E, Kudo K, H, Hasegawa etal. Invitroinhibitionofadrenal 2010 Aug;4(4):270-75. [PMID: 20827341] andPC12cells. rats expression inimmobilization-stressed NutrResPract. of tyrosinehydroxylase(TH)anddopamineβ-hydroxylase(DBH)gene Kim Y, ChoiEH, DooM, etal. Anti-stress effectsofginsengviadown-regulation 2009;16(22):2924-42. [PMID: 19689273] fromtraditionalChinesemedicine. emanated applications CurrMedChem. ginseng (II): Collectedchemicalentities, modernpharmacology, andclinical Jia L, Zhao Y, LiangXJ. ofthemillenniumphytomedicine- Currentevaluation 15;68(8):1539-42. [PMID: 14596440] Kiefer D, Pantuso T. Panaxginseng.AmFamPhysician. 2003Oct Oct;70(5):59-67. [PMID: 18074810] [inRussian].Rhodiolae roseaepreparations] EkspKlinFarmakol. 2007Sep- Maslov LN, LishmanovIuB. [Cardioprotectiveandantiarrhythmic propertiesof .3320. [PMID: 21043033] Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-100

08/08/12 AdrenaMax™ Neurologic & Cognitive Support for Mental Focus and Neurotransmitter Production* Clinical Applications

»» Maintain Healthy Levels of Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine* »» Supports Memory Under Stressful Conditions* »» Supports Mental Focus and Alertness* Relaxation & Sleep »» Supports Individuals with Polymorphism in Dopamine Receptors* »» Supports Healthy Mood*

Each AdrenaMax™ capsule contains 600 mg of L-tyrosine, a conditionally essential amino acid the body can convert to the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are found to increase mental alertness and focus and also preserve normal memory under stressful conditions. N-acetyl-L- cysteine is present to support glutathione production, antioxidant activity, and neuronal protection.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Tyrosine, or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, a proteogenic, non-essential structural protein usage, etc. The only component that needs to be amino acid that can be synthesized in the body from phenylalanine, is balanced with a glutathione precursor is the portion of tyrosine that is converted into dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Although converted into catecholamines. For this reason, less NAC than tyrosine present in foods such as dairy, eggs, soy, peanuts, sesame, seaweed, is present.* avocados, bananas, poultry, lima beans, and others, tyrosine, when consumed in food, must compete for absorption with the other amino acids present. Taken as a supplement, tyrosine does not have to compete with other amino acids and, therefore, its full benefits can be realized.*

Stress conditions, such as a cold environment, psychological stress, sleep deprivation, and strenuous, prolonged athletic activity, appear to reduce the body’s ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. This underproduction may manifest itself as poor memory and performance. Tyrosine, as a precursor for catecholamine synthesis, presumably augments brain catecholamine levels and improves working memory under stress. Tyrosine also supports adrenal and pituitary function, and may increase thyroid hormone. Additionally, it is necessary for production of the skin pigment, melanin. Oral contraceptives may cause a decline in tyrosine plasma levels, possibly because estrogen can increase glucocorticoid levels. This, in turn, elevates levels of tyrosine aminotransferase, which degrades tyrosine in the liver.*

Although increased dopamine may be beneficial in some circumstances, excessive synthesis of this neurotransmitter generates hydoxy radicals that stress glutathione levels. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the amino acid, L-cysteine, is the precursor to glutathione and helps augment the body’s reserve of this important antioxidant. It has been included in this formula primarily to protect the neurons against dopamine toxicity. However, NAC also lessens the load on the methylation cycle, thereby decreasing the load on the THB cycle and promoting the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine.*

Only a percentage of the tyrosine consumed will make it into the brain for conversion to catecholamines. The rest will be picked up for

e12333.[PMID: 20808797] in alpha-synuclein overexpressingmice. PLoSOne. 2010 Aug 23;5(8). pii: Clark J, etal. OralN-acetyl-cysteine lossofdopaminergicterminals attenuates 4;285(23):17318-28. Epub2010 5.Apr [PMID: 20368333] activation: Parkinson’s potentialfortreating disease. BiolChem. 2010Jun Lee M, etal. Effectsofhydrogensulfide-releasingL-DOPA onglial derivatives Clin Chim Acta, 1970;29:49-53. [PMID: 5500691] Oestrogens: A Possible Consequenceof Tyrosine Aminotransferase Induction, Rose DP, CrampDG. ReductionofPlasma Tyrosine byOralContraceptivesand Nutr Neurosci. 2003 Aug;6(4):237-46. [PMID: 12887140] placebo oncognitiveandmotorperformancedeficitsduringsleepdeprivation. RA,Magill etal. Effectsoftyrosine, phentermine, caffeineD-amphetamine, and pressure understress. BrainResBull. 1994;33(3):319-23. [PMID: 8293316] Deijen JB, OrlebekeJF. Effectoftyrosineoncognitivefunctionandblood Health. 2001 Aug;60(3):430-9. [PMID: 11590885] Palinkas LA. Mentalandcognitiveperformanceinthecold. IntJCircumpolar Epub 2006Oct31. [PMID: 17078981] cooling.performance duringbody . PhysiolBehav 2007Feb 28;90(2-3):301-7. O’Brien C, etal. tyrosinebenefitscognitiveandpsychomotor Dietary 8;30(10):827-32. [PMID: 6175872] withParkinson’shomovanillic acidlevelsinpatients disease. LifeSci. 1982Mar JH.Growdon onCSFtyrosineand EffectsoforalL-tyrosineadministration Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-223

05/17/13 ™ ALAmax CR Antioxidant Activity Controlled-Release Alpha-Lipoic Acid Clinical Applications

»» Provides Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Antioxidant Activity* »» Coenzyme for Whole-Body Glucose Utilization*

»» Supports Healthy Intracellular Glutathione Levels* Blood Sugar Support »» Supports Regeneration of Vitamins C and E* »» Helps Maintain a Balance Between Oxidized and Reduced CoQ10*

ALAmax CR™ provides whole-body, multifunctional antioxidant activity that helps to maintain healthy, well-functioning cells. ALAmax CR is designed to neutralize free radicals in both the water-based and lipid-based portion of cells, help the body synthesize glutathione, and recharge important antioxidants. Unlike regular alpha-lipoic acid, ALAmax CR’s patented, controlled-release formulation provides extended protection. In addition, biotin supports the function of alpha-lipoic acid in glucose metabolism.* Cell-Life Regulation

Available in 60 & 120 tablets

Discussion Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an eight-carbon disulfide water- and fat- Healthy endothelial-mediated vasodilation is accepted as a surrogate soluble compound that is synthesized in small quantities in the liver marker for cardiovascular health and can be affected by synthesis, and other tissues. Oral supplementation readily crosses the blood bioavailability, or action of nitric oxide (NO). Increased oxidative stress brain barrier after it is absorbed in the small intestine, goes into the appears to play a significant role in neutralizing or inactivating NO. portal vein, and is distributed via systemic circulation. Once in the ALA’s antioxidant properties, along with its demonstrated safety and tissues, ALA can be found inside and outside the cells including inside potency, qualify it as a prime candidate to evaluate for its ability to the mitochondria where it functions naturally as a coenzyme for the support healthy endothelial function.*[5] Liver Support oxidation of pyruvate, alpha ketoglutarate, and branched-chain amino acids.* The ability of alpha-lipoic acid to improve energy metabolism and decrease oxidative stress alludes to its ability to support healthy Researchers recently identified lipoic acid’s mechanisms of action mitochondrial function with age.* related to maintaining metabolic health. It has a direct binding site at the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain. ALA appears to modulate Biotin has been added because chronic administration of lipoic acid 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase and PPAR-regulated genes, to lowers the activities of pyruvate carboxylase and beta-methylcrotonyl- activate PPAR–alpha and PPAR-gamma, and to support expression of CoA carboxylase in vivo by competing with biotin.*[6] PPAR-gamma mRNA and protein in heart tissue and smooth muscle of the aorta.*[2]

Controlled-release technology supports efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in helping to maintain blood sugar already in the normal range. Data from a 12-week clinical study indicate that supplementation with ALAmax CR™ (1200 mg per day, divided doses) may support healthy C-peptide levels. C-peptide is used as an indication of insulin sensitivity.*[3,4]

Alpha-lipoic acid effectively neutralizes a variety of free radicals, including oxygen radicals and ionized metals. This action is particularly beneficial for people who have higher levels of oxidative stress. Alpha- lipoic acid regenerates vitamins C and E, increases tissue levels of glutathione, and helps maintain the proper ratio of reduced to oxidized coenzyme Q10 in the mitochondria. In addition, alpha-lipoic acid may help the body rid itself of heavy metals.*

EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Liver Support Cell-Life Regulation Blood Sugar Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Storeinacool, place. dry lactating. Keepoutofreachchildren. ingredient;orifyouarepregnant prescription drugsorareallergictoany amedicalcondition, orsuspectyouhave have including diabetes;ifyoutake CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyou shellfish, nuts, treenuts, artificialcolors, sweeteners, orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, before dinner, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take 1tablet30minutesbeforebreakfastand ALAmax CR PROTECTED BYU.S.PATENTS: 6,191,162(B1);6,197,340(B1); Size:1TabletServing stearate, silica,andglycerin. Other Ingredients:Celluloseandcellulosederivatives,dicalciumphosphate,stearicacid,magnesium ** DailyValue notestablished. Alpha-Lipoic Acid(asthiocticacid) Biotin ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. 6,572,888(B2); 7,118,762(B2) Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 450 mcg 600 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value 150% ** • PATENTED 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

27;46(8):2146-2155. Epub2007Feb 3[PMID: 17274632] receptor: protectionfromhepatocyte apoptosis.. Biochemistry 2007Feb Diesel B. et. al. oftheinsulin Alpha-lipoic acidasadirectlybindingactivator Alpha Lipoic Acid. www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed3.06.07} Feb;33(1):111-7 [PMID: 17272797] diabeticneuropathy. ofsymptomatic treatment DiabetesEduc. 2007Jan- Foster TS. Efficacy inthe and safety of{alpha}-lipoicacidsupplementation 9278559] liver.dependent carboxylasesinrat JNutr. 1997Sep;127(9):1776-81[PMID: Zempleni J, Trusty TA, MockDM. Lipoicacidreducestheactivitiesofbiotin- 15033467] rats. BiochemBiophysResCommun. 2004 9;316(3):771-80[PMID:Apr indiabetic tissue-cGMPactivation synthase isoformexpressionandattenuates Bojunga J, etal. reversesimbalancesofnitricoxide treatment Antioxidative pilot trial. Free RadicBiolMed 27:309-314, 1999 withtype2diabetesmellitus:insulin sensitivityinpatients aplacebo-controlled Jacob S, RuusP, etal. ofRAC-alpha-lipoicacidmodulates Oraladministration 2:401-413,Therap 2000 withtype2diabetes.improves insulinsensitivityinpatients DiabetesTechnol Evans JL, GoldfineID: α-Lipoicacid: amulti-functionalantioxidantthat Mar;16(3):291-302 [PMID: 17302524] ofmetabolicsyndrome.for thetreatment ExpertOpinInvestigDrugs. 2007 Pershadsingh HA. Alpha-lipoic acid: physiologicmechanismsandindications Pharmacol.Ther. 36:625-628, 1998 pharmacokinetics ofalpha-lipoicacidinhealthyvolunteers. Int.J.Clin. Teichert J, KernJ, Tritschler HJ, UlrichH, PreissR: onthe Investigations Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-151

05/22/13 ™ AllerDHQ Antioxidant Activity Support for Seasonal Environmental Challenges* Clinical Applications

» Supports Hypersensitive Individuals* » Supports Nasal and Sinus Passages* Immune System Support » Provides Antioxidant Support and Protection*

AllerDHQ™ incorporates bioﬂ avonoids, micronutrients, proteolytic enzymes, and herbs into a comprehensive formula that provides multifaceted support for individuals with immune imbalances. Dihydroquercetin (FlavitPURE™), a key component in AllerDHQ, inhibits oxidation, is bioactive, and is highly absorbable. AllerDHQ supports individuals with elevated histamine and irritation due to common environmental allergens.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Individuals with hypersensitive immune reactions often experience for effective results. This specifi c form of DHQ boasts an impressive physical, mental, and functional decline even with moderate onset ORAChydro value of 28,000+ μM TE/g and a CAP-e assay of 9.9-10.5 of discomfort.[1] AllerDHQ provides fast-acting, natural support for units per gram,[7,9] indicative of effective antioxidant protection within hypersensitivity reactions, including watery, itchy eyes and runny the cell. ORAChydro refl ects oxygen radical absorbance capacity for nose, as well as other manifestations of histamine release. Formulated water-soluble antioxidants, and CAP-e refers to cell-based antioxidant with a synergistic combination of vitamins, biofl avonoids, amino acids, protection in erythrocytes.* herbs, and bromelain, AllerDHQ addresses the distressing signs of immune hypersensitivity.* Rutin A source of naturally occurring fl avonoids, rutin reduces capillary permeability and edema, which can reduce mucus fl uid Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Vitamin C is essential to humans and buildup or “runny nose.”[10] Rutin’s protective effect against oxidation must be obtained exogenously. While most mammals are able to is amplifi ed by ascorbic acid, also present in AllerDHQ.*[4] synthesize ascorbic acid, humans lack one of the enzymes required for this process and can quickly become defi cient if dietary or N-Acetyl-Cysteine NAC is the acetylated form of the conditionally supplemental intake is inadequate. Stress, smoking, pollution, and essential amino acid L-cysteine. As a precursor to the “master temperature changes increase our requirement for vitamin C. Well- antioxidant” glutathione, NAC plays a signifi cant role in detoxifi cation known functions of vitamin C include antioxidant protection from and antioxidant protection. NAC also functions as a natural mucolytic, damaging free radicals and the synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and reducing the viscosity of mucus commonly produced during a neurotransmitters. Vitamin C also plays a lesser-known role in the hyperimmune response.*[11,12] deactivation of histamine.*[2,3] Stinging Nettle Extract (Urtica dioica) Stinging nettle leaf has been Biofl avonoids Quercetin, dihydroquercetin (DHQ), and rutin are active found to regulate a variety of infl ammatory activities associated biofl avonoids incorporated into AllerDHQ for their role in moderating with hyperimmune response, including mast-cell degranulation, an exaggerated immune response. Biofl avonoids work synergistically prostaglandin formation, and histamine action.*[13-15] with other antioxidants to protect tissues from the negative effects of oxidation and infl ammation often observed during hyperimmune Bromelain Bromelain refers to an enzyme complex extracted from the reactions.[4] Immune-moderating effects include inhibition of mast- stem and fruit of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). Its modulation cell degranulation and prevention of histamine release during of the infl ammatory response is thought to exert a benefi cial effect hypersensitive episodes.*[1,5,6] in combating hypersensitive immune reactions, earning it approved status by the German Commission E for “micro-infl ammations” and Dihydroquercetin DHQ supports the activities of other antioxidants, related discomforts.[15,16] Early studies identifi ed its positive effects on protects erythrocytes and capillaries, supports bronchial function, and controlling edema, tissue permeability, and vasodilation.[17] Bromelain assists in chelation of metals.[7] DHQ was also found to moderate pro- is also found to enhance the absorption of quercetin.*[18] infl ammatory pathways by inhibiting inducible ICAM-1 expression.[8] The FlavitPURE™† form of DHQ in AllerDHQ is a bioactive, natural Research indicates that the natural components in AllerDHQ, form that is signifi cantly more absorbable than quercetin alone. The including vitamin C, biofl avonoids, DHQ, NAC, and bromelain, work inclusion of FlavitPURE in AllerDHQ creates a clear advantage over synergistically to moderate unpleasant immune reactions.*[1,4] products containing only quercetin, as fewer capsules are required

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN isatrademarkofLarchvitaU.S.,FlavitPURE LLC. STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry CAUTIONS: Donotuseifyouarepregnantorlactating. sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. Children andindividualsusingbloodthinnersshouldconsulttheirhealthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare AllerDHQ medium-chain triglycerides. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),dicalciumphosphate,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica,and ** DailyValue notestablished. (FlavitPURE (Larix sibirica)(gmelinii)(sawlogs)(90%dihydroquercetin) Siberian andDahurianLarch Tree Extract(Larixdahurica) N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Rutin (fromDimorphandragardeniaria)(bean) Bromelain (2400GDU/g)(fromAnanascomosus)(fruit) Stinging NettleAqueousExtract(Urticadioica)(leaf)(1%silica) (bud) Quercetin (asquercetin dihydrate)(fromDimorphandramollis) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving ™ ™ ) SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 44.4 mg 100 mg 100 mg 100 mg 333% 200 mg 400 mg 200 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** ** ** ** ** ** 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References: Dec;2(2):22-37. Lakhanpal, P, RaiDK. Quercetin: A Versatile Flavonoid. IJMU. 2007Jul- acute sinusitis.Headache. 1967 Apr;7(1):13-7. [PMID: 4859824] RE.Ryan A double-blindclinical of ofbromelains inthetreatment evaluation Life Sci.2001 Aug;58(9):1234-45. [PMID: 11577981] Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, andmedicaluse. pharmacology CellMol Guide toHerbalMedicines.Austin, TX: American BotanicalCouncil;2000. Blumenthal M.: Therapeutic TheCompleteGermanCommissionEMonographs 9923611] transcription factorNF-kappaB. FEBSLett.1999Jan8;442(1):89-94. [PMID: nettle (Urticadioica), remedy, anantirheumatic inhibittheproinfl ammatory Riehemann K, BehnkeB, Schulze-OsthoffK. Plantextractsfromstinging Res. 2009Jul;23(7):920-6. [PMID: 19140159] withallergicrhinitis.affects keyreceptorsandenzymesassociated Phytother Roschek BJr, Fink RC, McMichaelM, Alberte RS. Nettleextract(Urticadioica) Pharmacother. 1988;42(8):513-9. [PMID: 3066412] Ziment I. Acetylcysteine: ismuchmorethanamucokinetic. adrugthat Biomed Apr;3(2):114-27. [PMID: 9577247] Kelly GS. ofN-acetylcysteine. Clinicalapplications AlternMedRev. 1998 APMIS. 2004Sep;112(9):605-11. [PMID: 15601310] Turner RB, Fowler SL, BergK. Treatment ofthecommoncoldwithtroxerutin. probe. JAgricFoodChem.2001Oct;49(10):4619-26. [PMID: 11599998] assayusingfloxygen radicalabsorbancecapacity uorescein asthefl uorescent Ou B, Hampsch-Woodill M, PriorRL. ofanimproved Developmentandvalidation action. FEBSLett. 2002Jun5;520(1-3):145-52. [PMID: 12044887] induced ICAM-1expressioninhumankeratinocytes: molecularmechanismsof Bito T, S, Roy SenCK, etal. IFNgamma- differentiallyregulate Flavonoids http://www.vitalavita.us Accessed July31, 2011. Oct;31(10):1303-11. [PMID: 18958421] expression ofproinfl cytokines inmastcells.ammatory ArchPharmRes. 2008 Park HH, LeeS, SonHY, etal. inhibithistaminereleaseand Flavonoids 50. [PMID: 6166675] induced humanbasophilhistaminerelease. JImmunol.1981Aug;127(2):546- Middleton EJr, Drzewiecki G, KrishnaraoD. Quercetin: aninhibitorofantigen- Med. 1997;22(4):669-78. [PMID: 9013129] depletion:by glutathione effectsofascorbicacid.Free cooperative RadicBiol stressinduced celltypesincluding neuronsfromoxidative associated sensory SD,Skaper Fabris M, Ferrari V, etal. Quercetinprotectscutaneoustissue- Feb;10(1):54-63. [PMID: 21184650] withafocusonascorbicacid.overview InflDrug Targets amm Allergy . 2011 infl andinfection—ascorbicacidcalciferol: ammation part1, general Strohle A, Wolters M, Hahn A. theinterfacebetween Micronutrientsat Biochem. 1996;25:189-213. [PMID: 8821975] Johnston CS. The antihistamineactionof ascorbicacid.Subcell Med Rev. 2000Oct;5(5):448-54. [PMID: 11056414] Thornhill SM, Kelly AM. ofperennialallergicrhinitis. treatment Natural Altern Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 09/21/12 (RV) DRS-259 ™ AngiNOX Antioxidant Activity Effervescent Nitric Oxide Formula Clinical Applications

»» Optimize Flow of Blood and Oxygen to Peripheral Tissues* »» Helps Maintain Healthy Male Sexual Function* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Lean Body Mass/Athletic Performance* »» Supports Healthy Dilation of Blood Vessels* »» Supports the Healthy Flow of Blood and Oxygen to the Brain for Healthy Mood, Mind, and Memory*

AngiNOX™ is XYMOGEN’s exciting formula based on the latest Nobel Prize-winning research on nitric oxide, a naturally occurring compound in the body. Nitric oxide is an important messenger that signals a variety of responses at the cellular level which are beneficial to circulatory, immune, and nervous system functions. AngiNOX is a refreshing, effervescent powder that offers therapeutic levels of L-arginine and L-citrulline, two amino acids the body uses to make nitric oxide.* Male Health Available in 30 scoops & 60 scoops Discussion Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by various body cells from the amino Quercetin A major flavonoid naturally occurring in plants, quercetin acid L-arginine through the enzymatic action of nitric oxide synthase has been shown in a study on mice using microarray DNA analyses (NOS). NO has critical roles in regulating the function of organs and and pathway analyses to inhibit LPS-induced expression of IL-1beta, systems throughout the body. It is well known that NO production by IL-1alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12, iNOS, VCAM1, ICAM1, COX2, IL-1RA, [6] vascular endothelium plays a critical role in blood flow regulation and TRAF1 and CD40. Experimental models suggest that quercetin Neurologic & Cognitive that the abnormal production of NO can adversely affect blood flow, prevents the redox imbalance associated with decreased intracellular delivery of nutrients and oxygen, and other vascular functions. NO levels and superoxide overproduction, and it prevents the overexpression of inducible NOS (iNOS).[7,8] L-Arginine is the principal substrate for the family of NOS enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of NO. Some of L-arginine’s benefits Folic Acid Research suggests that homocysteine may decrease include support of immune response, ammonia detoxification, growth the bioavailability of NO.[9] Therefore, folate’s deleterious effect on hormone secretion (during rest), improved exercise performance (at 6 homocysteine may provide the added benefit of increasing NO levels g/d), wound healing, reduced platelet aggregation, and vasodilation.[1,2] through enhancing NO bioavailability. Another role of folic acid in ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) is a newly identified factor NO production relates to tetrahydrobiopterin (THBP, also known as confronting cardiovascular health. As an endogenous NOS inhibitor, BH4)—an essential cofactor for NOS. Inadequate folate may impair accumulation of ADMA impairs NO formation by competing with the synthesis of THBP,[10] and 5-MTHF (bioactive folate) may normalize L-arginine for NOS binding. Under these conditions, supplementation the activity of NOS in THBP-depleted endothelial cells.[11] In a placebo- with L-arginine may support maintenance of near-normal levels.[1] controlled study of patients receiving 400 mcg/d of folic acid for seven Sports Nutrition New research also suggests that ADMA accumulation in oxidized low- weeks before coronary artery bypass grafting, improved vascular density lipoproteins (OxLDL) may signal vascular smooth muscle cell function was observed and attributed to improved availability of THBP (VSMC) migration—which plays a critical role in the etiology of intimal for NOS and reduced vascular oxidative stress.[12] thickening—and L-arginine markedly blocked ADMA-induced VSMC migration.[3] Vitamins C and E Free-radical injury reduces NO availability, and antioxidants appear to preserve NO. In addition, healthy endothelial L-Citrulline is a precursor to L-arginine that readily permeates the function is associated with low oxidative stress, particularly decreased intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream. L-citrulline is processed superoxide production and reduced oxidized LDL (OxLDL), which, if by the kidney, where it is converted to L-arginine; and oral L-citrulline elevated, can reduce endothelium-derived NO activity. Vitamins C supplementation in humans has been shown to increase plasma and E administration can reduce both superoxide and OxLDL, thereby L-arginine availability for NO synthesis.[4] In an animal study, oral improving NO activity.[13] According to Heller et al, “The effect of alpha- supplementation with “L-arginine, L-citrulline, and/or antioxidants tocopherol seems to be dependent on tissue saturation with ascorbic (vitamins C and E) showed marked support of endothelium-dependent acid, and both vitamins may act synergistically to provide optimal vasorelaxation and blood flow, maintenance of a healthy endothelium, conditions for endothelial NO formation.”[14] and decrease in superoxide production and oxidation-sensitive gene expression …”[5] “More than any other single factor, nitric oxide may be the key to living a longer, healthier life.” – Dr. Louis Ignarro, 1998 Nobel Prize Laureate

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Sports Nutrition Neurologic & Cognitive Male Health Cardiovascular Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry bloodpressure. CAUTIONS: low DoNOTuseifyouhave preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, protein, soy products, animalordairy should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Children, women, pregnantorlactating medication andindividualstakingany directed byyourhealthcarepractitioner. and lightlystir. Letstandoneminuteanddrink. Take onetotwotimesdaily, oras andlightlystir.chilled water Letstandoneminute. Add 3moreozofchilledwater DIRECTIONS: Pour intoatall, onelevelscoopofpowder emptyglass. Add 3ozof AngiNOX™ SupplementFacts † Total Carbohydrate Calories Size:1Scoop(8g) Serving d-Gamma Tocopherol Mixed Tocopherols (from Dimorphandramollis)(bud) Quercetin (asquercetin dihydrate) L-Citrulline L-Arginine Sodium (assodiumbicarbonate) Folate (asfolicacid) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) leaf extract. Other Ingredients:Citricacid,organicdriedcanesyrup,naturalorangeflavor(noMSG),silica,andstevia ** DailyValue notestablished. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet.

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 2,000 mcg 160 mg 230 mg 500 mg 500 mg 220 mg 300 mg 3 g 2 g ® 20 FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 500% 500% 1% 9% ** ** ** ** ** † 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9.

203. [PMID: 21132259] expression inPC12cellsandzebrafish. IntJMolMed. 2011Feb;27(2):195- gene effect throughinhibitionoftheiNOS/NOsystemandpro-inflammation Zhang ZJ, CheangLC, Wang MW, etal. Quercetinexertsaneuroprotective Pharmacol. 2011May11;658(2-3):248-56. [PMID: 21371465] properties ofplantpolyphenolsincontrollingvascularinflammation. EurJ Kostyuk VA, Potapovich AI, Suhan TO, etal. Antioxidant andsignalmodulation 22185406] Lipids HealthDis. 2011Dec20;10(1):239. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: ofyoungandsenescentmicebydelta-tocotrienolquercetin.macrophages Qureshi AA, Tan X, ReisJC, etal. InhibitionofnitricoxideinLPS-stimulated 20;102(38):13681-86. [PMID: 16157883] induced atherosclerosis inrabbits. ProcNatl Acad SciUS A. 2005Sep retardstheprogressionofhigh-cholesterol-diet- supplementation Hayashi T, JulietPA, H, Matsui-Hirai etal. l-Citrullineandl-arginine 19585317] oxide productionafterexercise. Free RadicRes. 2009Sep;43(9):828-35. [PMID: onpolymorphonuclearsupplementation burstandnitric neutrophilsoxidative Sureda A, Cordova A, Ferrer MD, etal. EffectsofL-citrullineoral Sep 2;585(17):2727-34. [PMID: 21821030] throughp38andERK1/2signalingcascade.VSMC migration FEBSLett. 2011 betweenendothelialandsmoothmusclecommunication cellsandleadsto Sun L, Zhang T, Yu X, etal. Asymmetric dimethylarginineconfersthe 20724562] Physiol.intensity exercisetolerance. 2010Nov;109(5):1394-403. JAppl [PMID: exerciseandenhanceshigh- reduces theO2costofmoderate-intensity Bailey SJ, PG,Winyard Vanhatalo A, etal. Acute L-argininesupplementation 2):1650S-55S. [PMID: 17513442] Böger RH. ofL-arginine.The pharmacodynamics JNutr. 2007Jun;137(6Suppl Ann N Y Acad Sci.N YAcad2004Dec;1031:74-85.oxide synthesis.Ann [PMID: 15753135] Heller R, Werner-Felmayer G, Werner ER. Alpha-Tocopherol andendothelialnitric 15;28(12):1806-14. [PMID: 10946222] activity ofendothelium-derivednitricoxide. Free RadicBiolMed. 2000Jun Carr A, Frei B. thebiological antioxidantsinpreserving The roleofnatural 70. [PMID: 17420345] disease. artery . withcoronary Circulation in patients 2007May1;115(17):2262- folicacid: withlow-dose therapy function andredoxstate forfolate implications Shirodaria C, Antoniades C, LeeJ, etal. Globalimprovementofvascular 15325022] arginine andhigh-dosefolate. MedHypotheses. 2004;63(4):709-18. [PMID: McCarty MF. Copingwithendothelialsuperoxide: potentialcomplementarityof [PMID: 21550412] endothelial functionandvasculardisease. NitricOxide. 2011 Aug 1;25(2):81-88. Crabtree MJ, ChannonKM. Synthesisandrecycling oftetrahydrobiopterinin 18;40(6):1051-58. [PMID: 12354427] functioninhumans.microvascular dilator J .Am CollCardiol 2002Sep Tawakol A, Forgione MA, StuehlingerM, etal. Homocysteine impairscoronary Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-122

02/25/13 ™ Appe-Curb Weight Management Combatting Cravings Naturally* Clinical Applications

»» Nutritional Support for Carbohydrate, Alcohol & Drug Cravings* »» Supports Healthy Weight (by reducing carbohydrate cravings)* »» Improve Sense of Wellbeing and Energy* »» Supports Healthy Serotonin Levels*

Appe-Curb™ contains key amino acids to support the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters involved in appetite control, carbohydrate or fat cravings, and mood. Chromium is present to support healthy glucose metabolism and support food intake regulation.*

Available in 120 capsules & 240 capsules Discussion 5-Hydroxytryptophan (“5-HTP”) is a naturally-occurring amino acid precursor to serotonin. Numerous studies during the ‘90s, including those randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled, confirmed the safety and efficacy of 5-HTP in reducing appetite and food intake in obese healthy and non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals.[1,2,3] A 2006 study in mice concluded, “5-HTP-induced anorexia may be mediated by facilitation of leptin secretion.”[4] Vitamins B6 and C are important cofactors in the 5-HTP to serotonin pathway. Among the several serotonin receptors thus identified, the 5HT2C receptors are suspected in control of food intake. Mice without this receptor exhibit increased food intake and become obese.*[5]

DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA) is a combination of the d- and the l- forms of this essential amino acid. Phenylalanine suppresses appetite by regulating the release of cholecystokinin, which in turns signals satiety in the brain. D-phenylalanine increases endorphins, while L-phenylalanine is an amphetamine-like stimulatory compound. DLPA has been found to elevate mood, curb appetite and reduce pain.*

L-Tyrosine, an essential amino acid is needed for conversion into the catecholamine neurotransmitters stress depletes: dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It is also a precursor for thyroxine. Doctors use tyrosine as a mood elevator, to increase alertness after sleep deprivation and as an appetite suppressant; although support for the latter appears anecdotal.*[6]

L-Glutamine, well–recognized for gut and immune support, has also been espoused to reduce carbohydrate cravings and support alcohol withdrawal, although the mechanism of action for these benefits is not known.*[7,8]

Chromium, as chromium picolinate is widely used to optimize insulin function; thereby preventing swings in blood glucose levels that may be responsible for carbohydrate cravings. The mineral in the form present was indeed demonstrated to reduce carbohydrate cravings in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.*[9,10]

1875% 833% 50% ** ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Psychiatr Pract.Psychiatr 2005Sep;11(5):302-14[PMID: 16184071] depression: inatypical J chromium picolinate craving. effectoncarbohydrate Docherty JP, etal. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, trialof exploratory Dec;8(6):677-87 [PMID: 17109600] indiabetesmellitus--areview.supplementation DiabetesTechnol Ther. 2006 Broadhurst CL, DomenicoP. Clinicalstudiesonchromiumpicolinate in Atkins,R.Dr. Solution. Atkins Vita-Nutient Rogers,L., Pelton, R. QuarterlyJournalofStudies of Alcohol, 1957;18(4):581-87 Nutient Solution. Simon&Schuster, NY1998p169 Goodwin, F. APA News, Psychiatric Dec 5, 1986in Atkins, R. Dr. Atkins Vita- 09 July07} {accessed http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/aminoacidderivatives.html Aug;56(2):247-50 [PMID: 7938234] and aspartameonfoodintakeinhumansubjects.. PhysiolBehav 1994 Rogers PJ, BlundellJE. Reanalysisoftheeffectsphenylalanine, alanine, Bull. 2006Mar;29(3):557-9[PMID: 16508167] (5-HTP)inmice.by theserotoninprecursor5-hydroxytryptophan BiolPharm Yamada J, Sugimoto Y, M. Ujikawa induced Involvement ofleptininhypophagia Hiroshima JMedSci. 1976Sep;25(2-3):135-40[PMID: 1088369] withdepression. oralloadingofL-5HTPinpatients 5-HIAA excretionfollowing depressive disorders. Changesinplasma5-HTand5-HIAAlevelsurinary Amamoto T, SaraiK. metabolisminmanic- Onthetryptophan-serotonin MetabDisord1998Jul;22(7):648-544 Relat macronutrient selectioninnon-insulindependentdiabeticpatients. IntJObes intakeand onenergy Cangiano CEffectsoforal5-hydroxy-tryptophan Nov;56(5):863-7 with5-hydroxytryptophan.obese adultsubjectstreated AmJClinNutr1992 Cangiano C, prescriptionsin etal. andadherencetodietary behavior Eating Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Simon &Schuster, NY1998p169 Rev. (RV) DRS-162

02/06/13 ™

Aromat8-PN Female Health Targeting Estrogen Activity for Men and Women* Clinical Applications

»» Supports the Body’s Natural Process of Healthy Aromatase Activity* »» May Support Bone, Breast, and Prostate Tissue Health* »» Helps to Relieve Normal Menopausal Symptoms, Such as Hot

Flashes* Male Health »» Supports Cardiovascular Health*

Aromat8-PN™ delivers a unique, proprietary blend of 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) from hops and plant-lignan extract at clinically relevant levels. Research suggests lignans and 8-PN can support the body’s natural process of healthy aromatase activity and exert phytoestrogen (e.g., enterolactone) and antioxidant activity. This all-natural formula may support cardiovascular, bone, breast, and prostate health and help relieve normal Cardiovascular Support menopausal discomforts.* Available in 60 capsules Discussion As scientific knowledge advances, it is becoming more evident that a balance biosynthesis[1] and, therefore, the relative balance of other hormones, such of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities within the body is normal and as testosterone.[14] Of the flavonoids studied, 8-PN has demonstrated the optimal, has important effects on the health of estrogen-sensitive tissues, greatest impact on estrogen biosynthesis during in vitro experimentation.[1,12] and can help relieve normal menopausal symptoms. Reducing abundant It has been postulated that providing phytoestrogens while modulating the estrogenic activity is one way to support balance. Another approach is to offer production of potent endogenous estrogens may result in safer, more balanced the body a “weak” estrogen that can support estrogenic activity when it is low estrogenic activity. Brunelli et al.[15] investigated the influences of 8-PN on or can replace more potent endogenous or exogenous estrogens.[1] Research epidermal growth factor (EGF)-elicited pathways in certain breast cells and suggests that the ingredients in Aromat8-PN do both.* demonstrated that 8-PN interferes with EGF-induced cell proliferation in estrogen-receptor positive cells.* 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) Hops are the female seed cones of the hop species Humulus lupulus, a medicinal plant that offers a wide range of HMRlignan™ Plant lignans are phytonutrients commonly found in small biologically active components that are used for a variety of purposes. More amounts in unrefined whole grains, seeds, nuts, vegetables, berries, and recently, prenylflavonoids obtained from the lupulin glands of hop cones have beverages, such as tea and coffee. The friendly bacteria in our intestines become the focus of research. The prenylflavonoid 8-PN has been identified convert plant lignans into the “human” lignans called enterodiol and as one of the most potent phytoestrogens because it provides greater activity enterolactone. HMRlignan is a concentrated, naturally occurring plant lignan than other commonly used isoflavone phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and called 7-hydroxymatairesinol, which is derived from the Norway spruce (Picea genistein.*[2] abies). In humans, 7-hydroxymatairesinol is a direct metabolic precursor of enterolactone.*[16] In vitro and in vivo studies conducted in recent years indicate a potential role for 8-PN in relieving common menopausal concerns.[3,4] In pilot Enterolactone is a phytoestrogen that binds to estrogen receptors and has and prospective studies that were randomized and placebo-controlled, both weak estrogenic and weak antiestrogenic effects. The latter accounts postmenopausal women who took 100-250 mcg/day of 8-PN experienced for much of its cell-protective capacity.[17] Additionally, in vitro work has reductions in vasomotor symptoms and other common menopausal demonstrated that enterolactone affects aromatase and the biosynthesis of discomforts.[4,5] Furthermore, research in ovariectomized rats indicated estrogen[18] and has strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant that 8-PN produced mild estrogenic effects in vaginal and uterine epithelial properties.[19,20] The protective effect of lignans and enterolactone on tissues, tissues.[6] Although further studies are needed, animal and in vitro work show including those of the prostate and breast, is encouraging.[21-23] At the same promising effects of 8-PN in cardiovascular,[7,8] bone,[9,10] prostate,[11] and time, the estrogenicity of HMR and enterolactone, although milder than breast health.[12,13] In one study, ovariectomized rats treated with 8-PN or 17 estradiol, offers promising applications for women with menopausal beta-estradiol displayed complete suppression of ovariectomy-induced bone concerns.[16] For instance, in a randomized, single-blind, parallel group pilot and uterine changes in a qualitatively similar manner.*[9] study, 20 menopausal women taking 50 mg/d of hydroxymatairesinol for eight weeks experienced half as many hot flushes as compared to pretreatment.[24] Not only does 8-PN offer phytoestrogenic activity, but it has also been Furthermore, high serum enterolactone has repeatedly been associated with observed to affect aromatase—a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme responsible cardiovascular health.* for the conversion of circulating androgens into estrogens. Aromatase is expressed in several tissues, such as breast tissue, where estrogens exert physiological activity.[12] New research suggests that prenylflavonoids interact with aromatase in a manner that positively affects endogenous estradiol

33. [PMID: 22766195] Biophys Acta. ofhumanplatelets.dependent activation Biochim 2012Nov;1820(11):1724- Di Vito C, Bertoni A, NalinM, etal. inhibitsagonist- The phytoestrogen8-prenylnaringenin Aug;198(2):395-401. [PMID: 18499805] and oralestradiolontheGH-IGF-1axislipidmetabolisminrats. JEndocrinol. 2008 Böttner M, ChristoffelJ, Wuttke W. with8-prenylnaringenin Effectsoflong-termtreatment rats. Menopause. 2006Jul-Aug;13(4):669-77. [PMID: 16837889] intheuterus, with8-prenylnaringenin treatment vagina, glandofcastrated andmammary Rimoldi G, ChristoffelJ, Wuttke W. Morphologicchangesinducedbyorallong-term menopausal discomforts. Phytomedicine. 2010May;17(6):389-96. [PMID: 20167461] controlled, ontheuseofastandardizedhopextracttoalleviate cross-overpilotstudy Erkkola R, Vervarcke S, Vansteelandt S, etal. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- discomforts.. Maturitas 2006May20;54(2):164-75. [PMID: 16321485] menopausal ontheuseofastandardizedhopextracttoalleviate placebo-controlled study Heyerick A, Vervarcke S, DepypereH, etal. A firstprospective, randomized, double-blind, flushes. JEndocrinol. 2006Nov;191(2):399-405. [PMID: 17088409] inananimalmodelofmenopausalhot the ovariectomy-inducedriseinskintemperature J,Bowe LiXF, Kinsey-JonesJ, etal. The hopphytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, reverses Chem. 2005 Aug 10;53(16):6246-53. [PMID: 16076101] compounds fromhops(Humuluslupulus)andredclover (TrifoliumFood pratense). JAgric Overk CR, Yao P, ChadwickLR, etal. Comparisonoftheinvitroestrogenicactivities study. ToxicolPharmacol. 2008May1;228(3):269-76. Appl [PMID: 18201740] inhumanplacentalmicrosomesandbreastfibroblasts—acomparative and flavonoids van MeeuwenJA, NijmeijerS, Mutarapat T, etal. inhibitionbysyntheticlactones Aromatase [PMID: 15598765] by estrogenreceptorstatus. CancerEpidemiolBiomarkersPrev. 2004 Dec;13(12):2084-9. Olsen A, Knudsen KE, Thomsen BL, etal. Plasmaenterolactoneandbreastcancerincidence Mar;230(3):217-23. [PMID: 15734725] cancermodelinvivo. onaprostate 7-hydroxymatairesinol ExpBiolMed(Maywood). 2005 Bylund A, SaarinenN, ZhangJX, etal. Anticancer effectsofaplantlignan Phytomedicine. 2006Nov;13(9-10):732-34. [PMID: 16678392] cancercelllines. fromhops(HumuluslupulusL.)inhumanprostate flavonoids Delmulle L, Bellahcène A, Dhooge W, et al. propertiesofprenylated Anti-proliferative 2008 Jun;74(8):794-801. [PMID: 18537073] forpreventingosteoporosis. asagents and8-prenylnaringenin resveratrol PlantaMed. Sehmisch S, HammerF, ChristoffelJ, etal. Comparisonofthephytohormonesgenistein, 9741296] Planta Med. 1998 Aug;64(6):516-19. in: Erratum PlantaMed. 1998Dec;64(8):769. [PMID: phytoestrogen (Part 2). onbonemetabolism. Estrogeniceffectsof8-isopentenylnaringenin M,Miyamoto Matsushita Y, Kiyokawa A, etal. Prenylflavonoids: anew class ofnon-steroidal CA. http://www.hmrlignan.com/images/Research.pdf. Accessed October19, 2012. Medicine 5th 17-20, SupplementsConference;January Annual Natural 2008;San Diego, on enterolactonemetabolitesandhotflashes inmenopausalwomen. ScrippsIntegrative Udani J, M. Hardy andeffect (7-HMR)Newpharmacokinetic data 7-Hydroxymatairesinol rats. NutrCancer. 2007;58(1):49-59. [PMID: 17571967] and metastasisofsubcutaneous enterolactone reducethegrowth in AH109A hepatomas Miura D, SaarinenNM, Miura Y, etal. anditsmammalianmetabolite Hydroxymatairesinol Cancer Prev. 2002 Aug;11 Suppl2:S48-57. [PMID: 12570335] (HM-3000,hydroxymatairesinol HMR), fromtheknotsofspruce. a lignanisolated EurJ Kangas L, SaarinenN, MutanenM, etal. Antioxidant andantitumoreffectsof HMRlignan Mol Biol. 2005 Apr;94(5):461-67. [PMID: 15876411] and17beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenaseinMCF-7cells.aromatase JSteroidBiochem Brooks JD, Thompson LU. Mammalian lignansandgenisteindecreasetheactivitiesof research/bcerc_factsheets_phytoestrogen_enl.pdf. Accessed October19, 2012. The EnvironmentResearchCenters. 2007Nov:31-37. http://www.zerobreastcancer.org/ RN,Barlow JohnsonJP. Fact sheetonthephytoestrogenenterolactone. BreastCancer& 17572100] metabolite enterolactoneinMCF-7cells. PharmacolRes. 2007 Aug;56(2):140-47. [PMID: (HMR/lignan)fromNorwayspruce(Piceaabies)knotsandofitsactive potassium acetate Cosentino M, MarinoF, Ferrari M, etal. Estrogenic activityof7-hydroxymatairesinol kinase activity. JSteroidBiochemMolBiol. 2009Feb;113(3-5):163-70. [PMID: 19103290] bytargetingphosphatidylinositol-3-OH induced MCF-7breastcancercellproliferation Brunelli E, PintonG, ChianaleF, etal. factor- inhibitsepidermalgrowth 8-Prenylnaringenin Metab. 2009Dec;94(12):4785-92. [PMID: 19820017] testosteronelevels.density andboneturnoverinoldermenwithlow JClinEndocrinol SA,Burnett-Bowie McKayEA, LeeH, etal. inhibitiononbonemineral Effectsofaromatase 21997247] epithelialcells(MCF-10A).mammary CancerPrevRes(Phila). 2012Jan;5(1):73-81. [PMID: inhuman estrogenmetabolismandestrogen-inducedmalignanttransformation oxidative Hemachandra LP, MadhubhaniP, ChandrasenaR, etal. Hops(Humuluslupulus)inhibits Jun-Jul;105(1-5):124-30. [PMID: 17643984] inhibitinghop(HumuluslupulusL.)flavonoids.aromatase JSteroidBiochemMolBiol. 2007 Monteiro R, Faria A, Azevedo I, ertal. by ofbreastcancercellsurvival Modulation Launch.pdf. Accessed October24, 2012. Easton, PA: LinneaSA; August 17, 2005. http://www.hmrlignan.com/images/PressRelease_ ™ —Direct EnterolactonePrecursor[pressrelease]. Locarno, Switzerlandand Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-269

01/22/13 ™

B Activ Adrenal Support B Complex with Benfotiamine and Quatrefolic® Clinical Applications

» Supports Carbohydrate Metabolism* » Supports Healthy Nervous System/Adrenal/Immune Function* Neurologic & Cognitive » Supports Cardiovascular Health* » Supports Healthy Mental Function and Mood*

B Activ™ contains the entire spectrum of B vitamins to support adrenal and neurological functions. It features activated forms of vitamins B2, B6, and B12; benfotiamine, a fat soluble, more physiologically active form of thiamine; and folate as Quatrefolic®†, which is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and

bioavailability over calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF.* Relaxation & Sleep

Available in 90 capsules Discussion The water-soluble B vitamins have to be absorbed in the small opens to allow easy diffusion through a membrane and then closes to intestine and then go to the liver where they are biotransformed into become structurally active.* their active coenzyme forms. B Activ contains vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboﬂ avin), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (methylcobalamin) in their Benfotiamine increases transketolase activity, thereby diverting from physiologically-active form making them easier to absorb and “ready- three natural, yet destructive metabolic pathways: 1) it decreases for-use.” For example, in patients receiving pyridoxine HCl, only 33 the glucose metabolites that lead to the buildup of certain types of percent responded with an increase in plasma pyridoxal-5’-phosphate detrimental advanced glycation end products (AGEs); 2) it normalizes (P5P); however, the level increased in all of the patients receiving protein kinase C activity; 3) it protects the retina by preventing the P5P.*[1] activation of NF-kappaB therein.[7] Research suggests it may also protect the kidneys and endothelial cells.[8] Benfotiamine is useful for Folate is provided as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), which replenishing thiamine, this may be especially true in individuals that bypasses metabolic steps to folate bioactivity. Despite research use the vitamin at a higher rate or in those with lifestyle habits that showing that folic acid and 5-MTHF have equivalent bioavailability deplete it.*[9-11] and that supplementation with large doses of folic acid can “force” its conversion to the more active form, 5-MTHF may be the preferred form to replenish folate. This may be especially applicable to those with digestive challenges or genetic variations in folate metabolism. [2-4] In this formula, 5-MTHF is provided as Quatrefolic—the glucosamine salt of 5-MTHF. In vitro and in vivo studies have proven that Quatrefolic has greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability over calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF. Folate is stored in small amounts in red blood cells (RBC), and RBC folate has been shown to be higher after supplementation with 5-MTHF compared to folic acid and placebo. Likewise, patients given 5 mg of 5-MTHF experienced plasma levels of 5-MTHF 700% greater than patients given folic acid.*[5]

Another unique ingredient in this formula is benfotiamine (S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate), a safe, fat-soluble analog of thiamine. One study showed that it not only raised blood and tissue levels of thiamine at least ﬁ ve times higher than the water-soluble salt, but it also remained bioavailable after oral administration up to 3.6 times longer than thiamine salt.[6] Benfotiamine is the most potent of a class of thiamine-derived compounds present in small quantities in members of the Allium genus. The superiority of its biological activity compared to thiamine rests in its structure—a thiazole ring

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive Adrenal Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onceortwicedaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyour B Activ Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. Benfotiamine Choline (ascholinedihydrogencitrate) Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) Biotin Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) Size:1Capsule Serving Folate (as6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (130mgasniacinamideand10nicotinicacid) Ribofl avin(asribofl avin5’-phosphatesodium) Thiamin (asthiamineHCl) ™ SupplementFacts of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® isaregisteredtrademark *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. † This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. ) mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 0 c 100% 400 mcg 0 c 133% 6666% 400 mcg 400 mcg 5 g1500% 150 mg 4 g700% 140 mg 20 mg 30 mg 0m 1000% 1176% 20 mg 1333% 20 mg 20 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 33. [PMID: 18089459] renaldisease. inend-stage genomic damage JRenNutr. 2008Jan;18(1):127- Schupp N, SchmidU, Heidland A, etal. of forthetreatment Newapproaches [in German].MMWFortschr Med. 2001 19;143(16):53.Apr [PMID: 11367995] U.Ayazpoor Chronicalcoholabuse. isamust Benfotiamineinalcoholdamage 1998 Nov-Dec;33(6):631-38. [PMID: 9872352] polyneuropathy: (BAPIStudy). an8-weekrandomized controlledstudy Alcohol. Woelk H, LehrlS, BitschR, etal. ofalcoholic Benfotiamineintreatment Care. 2006Sep;29(9):2064-71. [PMID: 16936154] endproductsinindividualswithtype2diabetes.in advancedglycation Diabetes amealrich stressfollowing andoxidative microvascular endothelialdysfunction Stirban A, NegreanM, B, Stratmann etal. Benfotiaminepreventsmacro-and complications. CurrDiabetesRev. 2005 Aug;1(3):287-98. [PMID: 18220605] Thornalley PJ. The potentialroleofthiamine(vitaminB1)indiabetic Int JClinPharmacol Ther. 1996Feb;34(2): 47-50. [PMID: 8929745] Loew D. especiallyofbenfotiamine. Pharmacokineticsofthiaminederivatives Br JPharmacol. 2004Mar;41(5):825-30. [PMID: 14769778] disease. artery withcoronary andfolicacidinpatients 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Willems FF, BoersGH, BlomHJ, etal. of ontheutilisation Pharmacokineticstudy [PMID:8554066] for cardiovasculardisease. AmJHumGenet. 1996Jan;58(1):35-41. reductasegeneisageneticriskfactor methylenetetrahydrofolate analysis inmildhyperhomocysteinemia: inthe acommonmutation Kluijtmans LA, Van denHeuvelLP, BoersGH, etal. Moleculargenetic and alcoholicliverdisease. Alcohol. 2002Jul;27(3):169-72. [PMID: 12163145] Halsted CH, Villanueva JA, Devlin AM. Folate defi ciency, methioninemetabolism, Aug;21(4):320-23. [PMID: 20603044] withinflin patients diseases. bowel EurJInternMed.ammatory 2010 Yakut M, Ustün Y, KabaçamG, etal. status SerumvitaminB(12)andfolate Gut. 1977;18:23-27. [PMID: 838399] ofpyridoxal-5-phosphate.liver disease–evidenceforincreaseddegradation Labadarios D, RossouwJE, McConnellJB, etal. Vitamin B6defi ciency inchronic Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 01/14/13 (RV) DRS-176 Benfotiamine Cardiovascular Support Lipid-Soluble, Highly Bioavailable Thiamin Derivative* Clinical Applications

» Supports Healthy Thiamin Status* » Supports Vascular Health* Neurologic & Cognitive » Supports Nerve Health*

Benfotiamine is a lipid-soluble derivative of thiamin that demonstrates improved absorption and duration of activity compared to water-soluble thiamin. Benfotiamine activates transketolase activity, thereby facilitating conversion of harmful glucose metabolites and positively affecting AGE formation. It supports peripheral nerve health and may support vascular health, including the microvasculature of the retina and kidney. Benfotiamine is also an excellent way to improve thiamin status.* Cytokine Balance Support

Available in 120 capsules Discussion The excellent pharmacokinetic profi le of lipid-soluble benfotiamine This research has been supported by a human pilot study wherein (S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is the reason why many subjects given benfotiamine (600 mg/d) plus alpha-lipoic acid (1200 practitioners select it in preference to other forms of supplemental mg/d) demonstrated healthy changes in AGE formation, monocyte thiamin, especially for protocols requiring high levels of the B hexosamine-modifi ed proteins, and prostacyclin synthase activity.*[8] vitamin. Its effectiveness, however, has been demonstrated even in low doses (i.e. 150 mg/d).[1] As compared to thiamin hydrochloride Nerve Tissue Health Microvasculature feeding peripheral nerves can administration, maximum plasma levels are approximately fi ve times be affected by the pathways discussed herein. Furthermore, lower higher and bioavailability is, at maximum, approximately 3.6 times AGE formation is associated with healthier nerve tissue. The role as high. These plasma levels are also better than lipophilic thiamin of benfotiamine in diverting glucose metabolites to a less harmful derivatives.[2] metabolic pathway may well be the underlying reason it has been used successfully in Germany for over a decade to support nerve Pathways of Glucose-Metabolite–Induced Damage High health. Results suggest that benfotiamine is most effective in large intracellular sugars can lead to an accumulation of intermediate doses (320-600 mg/d), although effectiveness is still achieved in metabolic products. These metabolic products activate certain smaller daily dosages (150 mg/d).*[1,9,10] pathways.[3,4] These pathways are: (1) polyol pathway fl ux; (2) increased formation of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products); (3) increased expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGEs) and its activating ligands; (4) activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms; and (5) overactivity of the hexosamine pathway.[4] Together, these mechanisms can impact vascular tissue and target particularly susceptible capillary endothelial cells of the retina, mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus, neuronal cells, and Schwann cells.*[3-7]

Benfotiamine Supports Diversion to Different Pathway Benfotiamine has been shown to enhance the activity of transketolase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of harmful glucose- intermediate metabolites in the pentose phosphate pathway.[4-7] In vitro research showed treatment with benfotiamine had an impressive effect on transketolase activity (454% increase from control).[5] Researchers further indicated that increasing transketolase activity supports the diversion of intermediate metabolites away from three of the major pathways (including AGE formation) discussed above. [5] Benfotiamine was shown to have a positive inﬂ uence on AGE formation and PKC activity. It is thought to prevent NF-kappaB activation in the rat retina as well as inhibit change in the number of retinal acellular capillary segments.*[5]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cytokine Balance Support Neurologic & Cognitive Cardiovascular Support © XYMOGEN sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating or asdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take intheevening, inthemorningandtwocapsules twocapsules Benfotiamine chain triglycerides. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),ascorbylpalmitate,silica,andmedium- Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline **Daily Value notestablished Benfotiamine Serving Size:2Capsules Serving ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 0 g** 300 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 18473286] study. ExpClinEndocrinolDiabetes.2008Nov;116(10):600-05. [PMID: (BENDIP): resultsofarandomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlledclinical Stracke H, Gaus W, Achenbach U, etal. Benfotiamineindiabeticpolyneuropathy study). IntJClinPharmacolTher. 2005Feb;43(2):71-77. [PMID: 15726875] three-weekrandomized,polyneuropathy—a (BEDIP controlledpilotstudy Haupt E, LedermannH, Köpcke W. ofdiabetic Benfotiamineinthetreatment 2008 Oct;51(10):1930-32. [PMID: 18663426] intype1diabetes. pathways normalises complication-causing Diabetologia. Du X, EdelsteinD, M. Brownlee Oralbenfotiamineplusalpha-lipoicacid complications. CurrDiabetesRev. 2005 Aug;1(3):287-98. [PMID: 18220605] Thornalley PJ. The potentialroleofthiamine(vitaminB1)indiabetic benfotiamine. PharmacolRes.2010Jun;61(6):482-88. [PMID: 20188835] Balakumar P, Rohilla A, KrishanP, etal. potentialof The multifacetedtherapeutic Med. 2003Mar;9(3):294-99. [PMID: 12592403] andpreventsexperimentaldiabeticretinopathy.of hyperglycemicdamage Nat Hammes HP, DuX, EdelsteinD, etal. Benfotiamineblocksthreemajorpathways 2010 Oct29;107(9):1058-70. [PMID: 21030723] Giacco F, M. Brownlee stressanddiabeticcomplications. Oxidative Circ Res. Diabetes. 2005Jun;54(6):1615-25. [PMID: 15919781] M.Brownlee ofdiabeticcomplications:The pathobiology aunifyingmechanism. Int JClinPharmacolTher. 1996Feb; 34(2):47-50. [PMID: 8929745] Loew D. especiallyofbenfotiamine. Pharmacokineticsofthiaminederivatives .Arzneimittelforschung 1999Mar;49(3):220-24. [PMID: 10219465] ofpainfuldiabeticneuropathy. regimensinthetreatment dosage Winkler G, Pál B, E, Nagybéganyi etal. Effectivenessofdifferentbenfotiamine Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 12/27/12 (RV) DRS-247 Berbemycin™ Gastrointestinal Support Microbial Balance/Immune Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Microbial Activity in the GI Tract* »» Supports Healthy Immune Function* Immune System Support »» Promotes GI Mucous Membrane Health* »» Stimulates Circulation*

Berbemycin™ features a concentrated 4:1 extract of Oregon grape root, which supplies berberine—a plant alkaloid that influences the activities of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, supports immune function, and may influence the natural inflammatory response. The 4:1 extracts of bayberry bark and grapefruit seed complement the actions of berberine to support healthy microbial activity, stimulate circulation, and promote mucous membrane health. Zinc is included in this formula for its immune-supportive effects.* Available in 120 Capsules Discussion Many plants have been used throughout history for their ability to maintain healthy gut ecology. GSE is employed by the food processing influence microbial activity and support healthy immune function. and agricultural industries for a diversity of applications. It is Potency is an important aspect in achieving the benefits imparted by important to note that GSE contains a variety of phenolic substances an herbal supplement. The herbs in Berbemycin are concentrated to a with antioxidant activity including vitamin C, hesperidin, limonoids, 4:1 end ratio. This means that the equivalent raw herb conversion is tocopherols, serols, citric acid, and other trace minerals.*[8,9] 4 kg raw herb to 1 kg of extracted material. All actives are provided in easy-dissolving vegetarian capsules.* Zinc The supportive effects of zinc on immunity and microbial balance are well documented.[10,11] Zinc ions are thought to work directly in Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape) Berberine is a plant alkaloid the GI tract, affecting microbial activity therein. Immune cells, due derived from a variety of herbs, including Oregon grape root. This to their high rate of proliferation and differentiation, need a constant phytochemical constituent has a long history of use in Chinese and and sufficient supply of zinc. Although further study is needed, zinc Ayurvedic medicine owing to its effectiveness and safety. Berberine supplementation also shows promise in its ability to support healthy extracts have demonstrated significant ability to influence the activity stool formation. In this formula, zinc is provided as Albion® TRAACS® of a variety of organisms that affect human health.[1-3] Mechanisms zinc glycinate chelate for optimal absorption and utilization.* of action may include effects on organism adhesion and intracellular invasion, metabolic activity, maturation, and enterotoxin formation.[1,4] Berberine can also address the intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes induced by certain organism toxins, thereby supporting healthy stool formation.[1] Furthermore, it may reduce smooth muscle contraction and intestinal motility, and delay intestinal transit time. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that berberine can affect COX-2 protein.*[1]

Myrica cerifera (bayberry) The root bark and berry of bayberry have been traditionally used as an astringent and circulatory stimulant. Like the berry, the root bark contains tannin constituents that are responsible for its astringent action.[5,6] Astringent herbs are traditionally used to maintain the already normal release or secretion of perspiration, stool, essence (the body’s reproductive and regenerative substance), and urine. As a circulatory stimulant, bayberry helps to increase body energy levels and supports toxin elimination. Myricitin, a flavonoid isolated from bayberry, exhibits antioxidant activity, particularly in the colon.*[7]

Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit) The seed extract of grapefruit, commonly known as GSE, is widely used as an oral supplement to

21506934] immunity andhostdefense. Curr Top MedChem. 2011;11(14):1752-66. [PMID: Puertollano MA, PuertollanoE, deCienfuegosGÁ, etal. antioxidants: Dietary 2000;7(6Pt2):S29-34.Microcirculation. [PMID: 11151968] Manthey JA. pertainingtoinflammation. Biologicalpropertiesofflavonoids systems. BioresourTechnol. 2008Jul;99(10):4484-94. [PMID: 17935981] andSourorangefruitextractsindifferentvitromodel Rio Redgrapefruits GK,Jayaprakasha B, Girennavar Patil BS. activitiesof Radicalscavenging Asian Pac JCancerPrev. 2007Jan-Mar;8(1):73-76. [PMID: 17477776] ofazoxymethane-inducedpremalignantlesionsincolonsrats.the formation Asano N, Kuno T, Hirose Y, etal. myricitrinon Preventiveeffectsofaflavonoid botanical/mgmh/b/bayber20.html.2,2011. AccessedAugust Grieve M. Bayberry. A ModernHerbal. Botanical.com. http://botanical.com/ plants/myrica-cerifera.2,2011. AccessedAugust Myrica cerifera. Withlacoochee Permaculture Guild. http://wcpermaculture.org/ 21483684] inmacrophages.kinase pathway PloSOne.2011 5;6(4):e18467.Apr [PMID: protein of themitogenactivated leishmanial activityviadifferentialregulation Saha P, S, Bhattacharjee Sarkar A, etal. itsanti- Berberinechloridemediates 2007;117(11):1126-31. [PMID: 18072463] oralbacteria.and twoofitsalkaloidsagainst Zahnmed. SchweizMonatsschr Rohrer U, Kunz EM, LenkeitK, etal. Antimicrobial activity ofMahoniaaquifolium 16379555] aureus.JMedFoodStaphylococcus . 2005 Winter;8(4):454-61. [PMID: methicillin-resistant withampicillinoroxacillinagainst in combination Yu HH, KimKJ, ChaJD, etal. Antimicrobial activityofberberinealoneand Oct;19(10):1297-307. [PMID: 20836620] activities.with multispectrumtherapeutic ExpertOpinInvestigDrugs.2010 Vuddanda PR, ChakrabortyS, SinghS. Berberine: apotentialphytochemical 21462110] the settingofsepsis. IntJ Vitam NutrRes.2010Oct;80(4-5):271-77. [PMID: Knoell DL, LiuMJ. immunefunctionin Impactofzincmetabolismoninnate Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-261

08/07/12 ™

Bio C 1:1 Adrenal Support Featuring Vitamin C and Bioflavonoids Clinical Applications

»» Antioxidant support* »» Healthy Connective Tissue and Blood Vessel Synthesis* »» Support of Normal Immune System Function* Antioxidant Activity »» Synthesis of Carnitine, Neurotransmitters, and Collagen*

Bio C 1:1™ combines high-potency vitamin C with a standardized, full-spectrum, citrus bioflavonoid complex. Both vitamin C and bioflavonoids have been extensively researched for their roles in supporting antioxidant and immune function. In addition, research indicates that vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, neurotransmitters, and carnitine. Bioflavonoids appear to support healthy metabolism and cognition by functioning as cell-signaling agents.* Cardiovascular Support

Available in 90 capsules Discussion Bio C 1:1 is formulated to provide antioxidant protection, enhance body because it is required for the synthesis of collagen.[4] Collagen immune function, and support synthesis and function of collagen, is a fundamental component of bones, tendons, ligaments, blood carnitine, and neurotransmitters. Each capsule of Bio C 1:1 provides vessels, skin, gums, and joints. Ultimately, the health of these tissues 500 mg of vitamin C and 500 mg of citrus bioflavonoid complex in a depends on vitamin C. Energy generation from fatty acids is vitamin one-to-one ratio.* C-dependent as well since synthesis of carnitine (the molecule that shuttles long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria) requires Cell-Life Regulation Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble antioxidant vitamin that this versatile vitamin. Vitamin C is maintained in relatively high is essential to humans. While most mammals are able to synthesize concentrations in the brain; it is essential to maintaining healthy mood vitamin C, humans must obtain it exogenously. Stress, smoking, and brain function because it facilitates conversion of dopamine to pollution, radiation and heavy metal exposure, immune challenge, norepinephrine and enhances interneuronal communication.*[10] and temperature change all increase the human requirement for vitamin C.[1] Well-known functions of this ubiquitous vitamin include Bioflavonoids (also known as flavonoids) are phytochemicals that antioxidant protection from free radicals and oxidative processes; are often found together with vitamin C in nature and are generally synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters; adrenal considered to be among the most important and interesting classes support; and immune stimulation and support.[2-4] Vitamin C serves as of biologically active compounds in contemporary research. More a cofactor for several metabolic enzymes, including hydroxylase and than 4000 bioflavonoids have been identified. Intake of flavonoids Immune System Supoprt oxygenase (hydroxylation reactions).*[5] is associated with healthy cardiovascular status, the body’s normal response to inflammation, and positive microbial balance.*[11,12] Vitamin C has long been recognized for its contribution to immune support.[3] Immune cells absorb and concentrate vitamin C. Immune Citrus bioflavonoids are commonly used in Europe for blood vessel cell activity, particularly T-cell function and phagocytosis, is found to and lymph system support. US practitioners utilize bioflavonoids in be enhanced by this essential vitamin.[6-7] In early 1972, a randomized, protocols to support tissue and joint comfort and the body’s normal double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 1000 subjects taking 1000 response to inflammation,[13-15] respiratory [16,17] and eye health,[18] and mg of vitamin C per day provided support for the use of vitamin C maintenance of cardiovascular health.[19-21] Citrus bioflavonoids are supplementation for common immune challenges. The study results able to cross the blood-brain barrier and have been recognized for revealed that the supplementation group missed significantly fewer their neuroprotective effects.[22] As cell-signaling agents, bioflavonoids days from work/activities and had fewer days per episode of immune are believed to support healthy cell growth and normal cell-life challenge; in addition, significantly more subjects taking vitamin C regulation, stimulate detoxification enzymes, decrease vascular remained symptom free throughout the study.[8] Optimal intake of cell adhesion molecules, increase vasodilation, and support healthy vitamin C for humans continues to be debated, though normal vitamin platelet function.*[23] C synthesis in mammals such as the rat is calculated to be 26-58 mg/ kg/day. Dr. Linus Pauling, in his 1970 article on evolution and vitamin The combination of vitamin C and citrus bioflavonoids in Bio C 1:1 C requirements, recommended a minimum intake of 2300 mg per ensures that a wide range of metabolic functions will be supported.* 2500 kilocalorie intake per day for humans.*[9]

Vitamin C has far-reaching effects on a number of tissues in the

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Cell-Life Regulation Cardiovascular Support Antioxidant Activity Adrenal Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Bio C1:1 silica. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,medium-chaintriglycerides,and ** DailyValue notestablished. bioflavonoids) Citrus BioflavonoidComplex(aurantium)(skin)(50%citrus Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving ™ SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 500 mg 500 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 833% ** 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14.

Sep;56(9):683-7. [PMID: 11680812] Effects ofrutin, quercetinandhesperidinonadjuvantarthritisinrats. Farmaco. 2001 Guardia T, Rotelli AE, Juarez AO, etal. propertiesofplantflavonoids. Anti-inflammatory Rev. 2000Dec;52(4):673-751. Review. [PMID: 11121513] mammalian cells: forinflammation, implications heartdisease, andcancer. Pharmacol Middleton EJr, C, Kandaswami Theoharides TC. on The effectsofplantflavonoids 79. biological activityandnutritionalproperties: A review.. FoodChemistry 2007;104(2):466- Tripoli E, LaGuardiaM, GiammancoS, etal. Citrusflavonoids: Molecularstructure, 1994 Aug;43(6):537-65. Review. [PMID: 7816935] transmission. dopaminergicandglutamatergic fluid ofthebrainregulates ProgNeurobiol. Rebec GV, PierceRC. A vitaminasneuromodulator: releaseintotheextracellular ascorbate Dec;67(4):1643-8. [PMID: 5275366] Pauling L. Evolutionandtheneedforascorbicacid. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA. 1970 Can MedAssocJ. 1972Sep23;107(6):503-8. [PMID: 5057006] Anderson TW, ReidDB, GH. Beaton Vitamin Candthecommoncold: adouble-blindtrial. acid. InflammAllergyDrug Targets. 2011Feb;10(1):54-63. [PMID: 21184650] infection—ascorbic acidandcalciferol: part1, withafocusonascorbic generaloverview Ströhle A, Wolters M, Hahn A. and theinterfacebetweeninflammation Micronutrientsat Sciences India. SectionB, BiologicalSciences. 2009;79(1):15-25. duringinfectionsforbetterhealth.implications ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademy M,Chatterjee DikshitM. invasions: resistancetopathogenic Vitamin Cmediated possible 2003 Aug 21;2:7. [PMID: 14498993] Naidu KA. Vitamin Cinhumanhealthanddiseaseisstillamystery? An overview. NutrJ. November2009.Updated Accessed December10, 2012. Linus Pauling Institute. Vitamin C. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminC/. +html.sagepub.com/content/16/1/49.full.pdf Accessed December10, 2012. &AlternativeMedicine(JEBCAM).Complementary 2011;16(1):49-57. http://chp. Schlueter AK, JohnstonCS. Vitamin C: andupdate. overview JournalofEvidence-Based od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/. Accessed December10, 2012. Supplements.NIH OfficeofDietary Supplement Dietary Fact Sheet: VitaminC. http://ods. 1998:321. Whitney EN, RolfesSR.UnderstandingNutrition. 8thed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2012. /.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/flavonoids June2008. Updated Accessed December10, Linus Pauling Institute. Center. MicronutrientInformation Flavonoids. http://lpi.oregonstate. [PMID: 22224368] Chem. 2012Feb 1;60(4):877-85. doi: 10.1021/jf204452y. Epub2012Jan23. Review. Hwang SL, ShihPH, Yen GC. Neuroprotectiveeffectsofcitrusflavonoids. JAgricFood Disord DrugTargets. 2012Nov16. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 23167714] M. incardiometabolicdiseases.Soory Nutritionalantioxidants andtheirapplications Infect Hematol DisordDrugTargets. 2012Oct1. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 23030447] Mulvihill EE, HuffMW.atherosclerosis. andthepreventionof Citrusflavonoids Cardiovasc of print][PMID: 23024269] drugs. forthedesignofanti-platelet templates CardiovascRes. 2012Nov1. [Epubahead Wright B, SpencerJP, LovegroveJA, etal. asmolecular flavonoids Insightsintodietary ocular disorders. JPharmPharmacol. 2010 Aug;62(8):951-65. Review. [PMID: 20663029] Majumdar S, SrirangamR. of Potential intheprevention/treatment ofthebioflavonoids microflora. Pharmacology. 2004 Aug;71(4):174-80. [PMID: 15240993] Lee NK, ChoiSH, Park SH, etal. byintestinal Antiallergic activityofhesperidinisactivated children withclinical asthmaremission. Thorax. 2005Mar;60(3):215-8. [PMID: 15741438] Pijnenburg MW, Hofhuis W, Hop WC, etal. in Exhalednitricoxidepredictsasthmarelapse Pharmacol. 2003Jun15;65(12):2065-71. [PMID: 12787887] polymethoxy flavonoid, onhumansynovialfibroblastsandmousemacrophages. Biochem Lin N, Sato T, Takayama Y,et al. actionsofnobiletin, Novelanti-inflammatory acitrus models ofinflammation. PharmacolRes. 2003Dec;48(6):601-6. [PMID: 14527825] Rotelli AE, Guardia T, Juárez AO, etal. inexperimental offlavonoids study Comparative Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (NF) DRS-108

12/19/12 ™ Borage CP-240 Fatty Acids Essential 240mg GLA from Fresh, Cold-Pressed Borage Seed Oil Clinical Applications »» Supports Joint Comfort* »» Supports Normal Fatty Acid Metabolism (Important for Healthy Skin)* »» Supports Nerve Membrane Structure, Nerve Blood Flow and Nerve Conduction* Female Health »» Supports for Healthy Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Already Within the Normal Range* »» Supports Healthy Menstrual Cycle*

Borage CP-240™ softgels contain cold-pressed borage seed oil extracted from Borago Officinalis, a blue flowering plant. The natural extraction process does not use any chemicals or refining, thus providing the purest source of this essential oil. Maximum freshness is assured with the addition of vitamin E as an antioxidant. Borage oil provides the highest percentage (24%) Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) of any plant source.* Available in 90 softgels Discussion GLA, like linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA), is an “Omega 6” »» In thirty subjects, compared to fish oil or olive oil, only borage oil fat because the double-bond is in the sixth space from the end of the attenuated blood pressure and heart rate response.*[8] carbon chain. Elongase, an enzyme, catalyzes a reaction that adds two more carbons to GLA’s chain (“elongated”) to confirm dihomo-gamma »» Women with premenstrual syndrome-related problems may have linolenic acid (DGLA). Then DGLA is “desaturated” by another enzyme significant imbalances in the omega-6 fats, making tissues very (5-delta desaturase) to form AA. Various cellular sites have different sensitive to sex hormone changes in the premenstrual phase.*[9] enzymes that can metabolize GLA, DGLA, and AA. In addition there are fatty acid pools containing GLA and its metabolites.* »» Borage oil, rich in essential fatty acids has been recommended for healthy nails and hair.* The conversion process cited above is inadequate in diabetic patients. [1] Theoretically, impairment of GLA conversion could lead to diabetic neuropathy because the metabolites of GLA are important in nerve membrane structure, nerve blood flow and nerve conduction.[2] Two multi-center, randomized, placebo controlled trials in humans with diabetic neuropathy demonstrated significant benefits of GLA.*[2,3]

In a study series serum levels of GLA, DGLA and AA increased within two weeks of supplementation and significantly increased GLA in phospholipids and cholesterol esters. Ex Vivo, GLA supplementation did not increase AA in Neutrophils (inflammatory cells) and it inhibited the capacity of Neutrophils to generate lipid pro-inflammatory mediators such as 4-series leukotrienes, 2-series prostaglandins and platelet aggregation factor (PAF).*[4]

Inflammatory cells convert DGLA (from GLA) to 15-(s)-hydroxy-8, 11, 13-eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) and prostaglandin E1, compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties.[5] GLA (and its product 15-HETrE) may suppress COX 2 and 5 LOX enzymes. GLA modulates interleukin-1beta production[6] and inhibits tumor-necrosis factor-alpha.*[7]

Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, products, dairy artificial *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 1000 mg 240 mg 10 IU 0 g 1 g 9 9 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 2%* 33% 0% ** ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

Healing Through Nutrition. New York, NY: HarperCollinsPublishers, 1993] premenstrual syndrome. AmJObstetGynecol1986150(4):363-6[Werbach, M. Brush M.G. etal. acidlevelsinplasmaofwomenwith Abnormal essentialfatty [PMID:Apr;3(2):111-6 2760908] alters stressreactivityandperformanceinman.JHumHypertens. 1989 Mills DE, PrkachinKM, KA, Harvey Ward RP. acidsupplementation fatty Dietary 57. [PMID: 14632663] independently ofcyclooxygenase activity.. Immunology 2003Nov;110(3):348- acid inhibitstumournecrosisfactor-alpha productionbyhumanleucocytes Dooper MM, Van RielB, Graus YM, M’RabetL. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic Immunol. 2002Mar;22(2):83-9[PMID:11998897] properties, interleukin-1beta productionbyhumanmonocytes. modulates JClin gammalinolenic acid, acidwithanti-inflammatory fatty anunsaturated Furse RK, RossettiRG, SeilerCM, ZurierRB. of Oraladministration Sacremento CA:ITTServices] and Nutrition.JNutr, 1998;128:1411-1414. 31000[ClinicalPearls Newsletter, Fan RS.YY andChapkin -Linolenic ImportanceofDietary Acid inHumanHealth September 04] [http://www.nutrition.org/cgci/content/full/127/8/1435#abs.8 Accessed Humans. The JournalofNutrition Vol. 127No. 8 August 1997, pp. 1435-1444 -Linolenic Acid Alters Fatty Acid ContentandEicosanoidProductioninHealthy Chilton, Alfred N. Fonteh, H. andFloyd Chilton. with Supplementation Dietary Margaret MJohnson, DennisD. Swan, MarcE. Surette, JaneStegner, Tanya Actions suppl. 1992;37:120-44. [PMID: 1321553] Horrobin DF. The useofgamma-linolenicacidindiabeticneuropathy. Agents in diabetes. Diabetes. 1997Sep;46Suppl2:S90-3[PMID: 9285506] function ofimpairednerve acidsinthemanagement Horrobin DFEssentialfatty diabetic neuropathy. DiabetMed. 1994Mar;11(2):145-9. [PMID:8200197] Jamal GA. of The useofgammalinolenicacidinthepreventionandtreatment www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed30Oct 06} Sacramento, 2003] CA:ITTServices Leukot EssentialFatty Acids, 2003;68:213-218. [ClinicalPearls Newsletter. inthe Supplementation Treatment of Adult Periodontitis. Prostaglandins Rosenstein ED, Kushner LJ, etal. Fatty acid ofDietary PilotStudy 12605039] component.with aninflammatory Cornea. 2003Mar;22(2):97-101. [PMID: eyesyndrome G. indry linoleicandgma-linolenic acidtherapy Systematic Barabino S, RolandoM, CamicioneP, G, Ravera ZanardiS, GioffridaS, Calabria Mar;11(1):13-21.[PMID: 15154607] containing borage-oil: inasthma. possibleimplication ClinDevImmunol. 2004 withgammalinolenicacid- supplementation ondietary from asthmapatients ME. byex-vivoneutrophilsisolated SuppressionofleukotrieneB4generation Ziboh VA, S, Naguwa Vang K, Wineiger J, MorrisseyBM, Watnik M, Gershwin Pearls Newsletter, Sacramento, CA: ITTServices, 2001] Population.Gastritis inaJapanese CancerLett, 2001:163:171-178[Clinical Ito Y, SuzukiK, ImaiH, etal. Fatty EffectsofPolyunsaturated Acids on Atrophic Research Faculty, 2000 MedicinesComprehensiveDatabase.Natural Stockton, CA: Therapuetic 2142029] vulgaris andpsoriasis.. ClinExpDermatol 1990May;15(3):174-6. [PMID: withichthyosis vulgaris,metabolites inplasmaphospholipidspatients acne C,Grattan BurtonJL, MankuM, StewartC, HorrobinDFEssential-fatty-acid Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-140

07/26/12 BrainSustain™ Neurologic & Cognitive Comprehensive Brain Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Brain Health and Healthy Recall Ability* »» Provides Nutrients That Support Antioxidant Mechanisms* »» Supplies Protein and Amino Acids for Neurotransmitter Production*

BrainSustain™, developed by David Perlmutter, MD, FACN, board- certified neurologist and internationally recognized leader in nutritional neurology, represents more than 30 years of neuroscience research. Designed to address brain health, structure, and function, BrainSustain contains a variety of nutrients and cofactors that support mitochondrial energy production, antioxidant systems, neurotransmitter production, and cell membrane integrity.*

Available in Vanilla Delight, Chai & Creamy Chocolate BrainSustain™ for Kids is available in Vanilla Delight

Discussion generation because it transports electrons in the mitochondrial N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) As a source of the conditionally essential electron transport chain. CoQ10 also donates electrons, helping to amino acid cysteine, NAC is a precursor to glutathione—a tripeptide protect the brain from oxidative stress and further supporting neuronal active in detoxification and antioxidant systems. Research suggests cell health.*[13] that NAC hinders the formation of free radicals that can contribute to oxidative stress in the brain.*[1] Broccoli Seed Extract The patented form of the phytochemical in broccoli called glucoraphanin (SGS™) is a key ingredient in Phosphatidylserine A phospholipid that is highly concentrated BrainSustain. Extensive research suggests that when glucoraphanin is in the brain, phosphatidylserine (PS) plays a key role in neuronal enzymatically converted to sulforaphane (its active form), it safely and energy production and communication. We must synthesize the effectively supports the Nrf2 system, antioxidant systems, and vital PS we need for brain health as very little is found in food. Also, phase II detoxification enzymes.[14,15] This process provides protection supplementation can help maintain normal levels in the brain and from common toxins and xenobiotics.* support those functions dependent on this vital phospholipid.[2-4] For some individuals, changes in brain function may be related to “age- DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) A conditionally essential fatty acid, related decline in nutrition,”[5] and early nutrition intervention may be DHA is the main polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain. DHA supports warranted. BrainSustain contains safe-source PS from non-GMO soy the structure and function of brain cell membranes, and hence plays a and contains no animal products.* fundamental role in neuronal communication.[16] Studies suggest that DHA is found to support the biosynthesis and accumulation of PS in Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) The ALCAR form of the amino acid neuronal and glial cells as well.*[17] L-carnitine is found to have multifaceted roles in supporting nerve health.[6] It is able to cross the blood-brain barrier where it stabilizes VegaPro™ XYMOGEN’s proprietary pea/rice protein blend VegaPro is cell membranes, provides antioxidant support, and helps maintain coupled with Aminogen® to facilitate protein digestion and absorption, brain cell health.[7-9] In addition, ALCAR supports neuronal energy and is lactose free. Amino acids from protein metabolism provide the production, facilitates transport of fuel and waste products into precursors needed for neurotransmitter production.* and out of mitochondria, and supports production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential to the processes of learning and Micronutrients BrainSustain adult formula contains additional concentration.*[8,10] micronutrients for neurosupport, including magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D3, vitamin E (as mixed tocopherols), Alpha-Lipoic Acid Having both fat- and water-soluble properties, and activated B vitamins riboflavin 5’-phosphate (B2), alpha-lipoic acid provides intracellular and extracellular protection pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (B6), methylcobalamin (B12), and against oxidative stress. With its low molecular weight, alpha-lipoic 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate). 5-MTHF (5-methyltetrahydrofolate) acid is easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It then enters supports healthy folate nutrition, especially in those with genetic circulation, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and reaches the brain variations in folate metabolism. In BrainSustain, 5-MTHF is provided where it can support antioxidant activity and regenerate glutathione, as Quatrefolic® for enhanced stability, solubility, and bioavailability. vitamin E, and vitamin C.*[11,12] [19] In addition, two scoops of BrainSustain adult formula provide the same amount of NAC, PS, ALCAR, alpha-lipoic acid, CoQ10, and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) CoQ10 plays a pivotal role in energy glucoraphanin as eight capsules of NeuroActives™ BrainSustain™.* EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive BrainSustain STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry ingredient. if allergictoany treatment, physician. checkwithyourtreating Keepoutofreachchildren. Avoid CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Ifreceivingcancer sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy andthickness. sweetness as directedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. todesired Adjust amountofwater maximumperday), andconsumeonceortwicedaily(twoservings water or DIRECTIONS: Blend, shake, orbrisklystirtwoscoops(43g)into8-12ozchilled Inc. U.S.Patent.6,706,904andpatentspending. Di-Magnesium MalatecoveredbyAlbion Laboratories, Other Ingredients:VegaPro ** DailyValue notestablished. chicory), naturalflavors(noMSG),medium-chaintriglycerides, Aminogen chicory), concentrate, taurine,L-glutamine,andglycine),evaporatedcanejuice,sunfloweroil,inulin(from gum, guarsodiumcitrate,chloride,andstevialeafextract. mcg as5-methyltetrahydrofolate Folate (400mcgascalciumfolinateand400 Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (asniacinamide) Riboflavin (asriboflavin5’-phosphate) Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Vitamin C(ascalciumascorbate) Protein 19g Sugars6g SolubleFiber3g Fiber3g Dietary Total Carbohydrate14g Cholesterol 0mg Trans Fat0g SaturatedFat1g Total Fat3g CaloriesfromFat25 Calories 150 PerContainer:15 Servings Size:2Scoops(43g) Serving ‡ (Brassica oleraceaitalica)(seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract) Benfotiamine DHA (docosahexaenoicacidfromalgaloil) Coenzyme Q10(asubiquinone) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Acetyl-L-Carnitine (asacetyl-L-carnitineHCl) Phosphatidylserine N-Acetyl-Cysteine Potassium Sodium Magnesium (asDi-MagnesiumMalate) Phosphorus (aspotassiumphosphate) Calcium (ascalciumascorbate) Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) Serine Alanine Threonine Cysteine Isoleucine Leucine Valine Lysine Glycine Typical AminoAcidProfilePerServing: *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGS 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ™ Vanilla DelightSupplementFacts AMINOGEN AMINOGEN ™ (XYMOGEN of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® ® isprotectedunderU.S.patent5,387,422. isaregisteredtrademarkofTriarcoIndustries. 1,007 mg 1,596 mg 1,062 mg 1,368 mg † ) 817 mg 741 mg 190 mg 855 mg 788 mg isatrademarkof ™ ) ® ® ’s blendofpeaproteinisolate,rice proprietary isaregisteredtrademark Amount PerServing Taurine Glutamine Arginine Histidine Methionine Proline Tryptophan Phenylalanine Aspartic Acid Tyrosine 1000 mcg 800 mcg 1000 IU 200 mg 400 mg 200 mg 200 mg 800 mg 200 mg 300 mg 250 mg 250 mg 200 IU 30 mg 50 mg 25 mg 50 mg 50 mg 50 mg 50 mg 50 mg EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE ® , potassiumcitrate,xanthan %Daily Value 3,220 mg 1,663 mg 1,045 mg 2,185 mg 16,667% 500 mg 475 mg 209 mg 855 mg 722 mg 2500% 1000% 1471% 78 mg 667% 250% 667% 200%

12% 10% 13% 5% 0% 5% 5% 7% 5% 5% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ‡ • PATENTED DOES NOT CONTAIN: thickness. practitioner. and/or todesiredsweetness Adjust amountofwater orotherbeverage,oz chilledwater orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare briskly stir1levelscoop(20grams)ofBrainSustainforKids DIRECTIONS: For orolder, childrenfouryearsofage blend, shake, or STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry reach ofchildren. CAUTION: Consultwithyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutof preservatives. fish/shellfish, products, animalordairy artificialcolors, sweeteners, or BrainSustain Pea ProteinIsolate,Aminogen Total Fat Calories 80 Amount PerServing PerContainer:15 Servings Size:1Scoop(20g) Serving Xanthan Gum,GuarSodiumChloride,Citrate,andSteviaLeafExtract. NaturalFlavors,MediumChainTryglycerides,Oil, InulinFiber(Chicory), PotassiumCitrate, SaturatedFat Cholesterol Sodium Potassium Total Carbohydrate Dietary Fiber Dietary SolubleFiber Sugars Protein N-Acetyl-Cysteine Phosphatidylserine Alpha LipoicAcid Coenzyme Q10 (providing 30mgSulforaphaneGlucosinolate) Broccoli SeedExtract DHA (docosahexaenoicacidfromalgaloil) Other Ingredients:VegaPro ** DailyValue notestablished. Your dailyvaluesmaybehigherorlowerdependingonyourcalorieneeds * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGS 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ™ forKidsVanilla DelightSupplementFacts AMINOGEN AMINOGEN XYMOGEN

Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy ™ (XYMOGEN ® ® ® isprotectedunderU.S.patent5,387,422. isaregisteredtrademarkofTriarcoIndustries. , L-GlutamineandGlycine),EvaporatedCaneJuice,Sunflower 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com isatrademarkof ® ® ’s blendofRiceProteinConcentrateand proprietary Exclusive Professional Formulas Amount PerServing 100 mg 100 mg 273 mg 60 mg 25 mg 20 mg 50 mg 50 mg 0 mg 1.5 g 10 g Calories fromFat15 0 g 1 g 1 g 6 g 6 g ™ into4-6 %Daily Value* 2% 0% 0% 4% 2% 3% 4% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Neurologic & Cognitive 01/07/13

(RV) DRS-230 (RV) Rev.

PATENTED • Formulas Meet or Exceed cGMP Quality Standards. ® EXCLUSIVE All XYMOGEN This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, is not intended to diagnose, treat, This product *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Additional references available upon request Additional references available . Accessed Accessed April . http://quatrefolic.com. 2012. 30, ®

Quatrefolic Guo M, Stockert L, Akbar M, et al. Neuronal specific increase of phosphatidylserine by et al. Akbar M, Stockert L, Guo M, 17901548] [PMID: 2007 Sep;33(1):67-73. . J Mol Neurosci docosahexaenoic acid. [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate et al. O, Tobolski Brämswig S, Prinz-Langenohl R, increases plasma folate more effectively than folic acid in women with the homozygous Br J or wild-type 677C-->T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. 19917061] [PMID: 2009 Dec;158(8):2014-21. Pharmacol. . Acta Essential fattyNeurol Taiwan human brain. acids and Chen JY. Ke DS, Chang CY, 20329590] [PMID: Review. 2009 Dec;18(4):231-41. Vauzour D, Buonfiglio M, Corona G, et al. Sulforaphane protects cortical neurons against et al. Corona G, Buonfiglio M, D, Vauzour Nrf-2 and toxicity through the activation of ERK1/2, 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine-induced Res. 2010 Apr;54(4):532-42. Mol Nutr Food the upregulation of detoxification enzymes. 20166144] [PMID: Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Volpi L, et al. Coenzyme Q10 in neuromuscular and et al. L, Volpi Orsucci D, Mancuso M, Review. 2010 Jan;11(1):111-21. . Curr neurodegenerativeDrug Targets disorders. 20017723] [PMID: Sulforaphane protects brains against hypoxic-ischemic et al. Kang Z, W, Liu Ping Z, 2010 Jul Brain Res. injury phase 2 enzyme. through induction of Nrf2-dependent 20417626] [PMID: 9;1343:178-85. Liu J. The effects and mechanisms of mitochondrial nutrient alpha-lipoic acid on The effects and mechanisms Liu J. an overview. improving age-associated mitochondrial and cognitive dysfunction: 17605107] [PMID: Review. 2008 Jan;33(1):194-203. Neurochem Res. Kobayashi S, Iwamoto M, Kon K, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves aged brain function. improves agedAcetyl-L-carnitine brain function. et al. K, Kon Iwamoto M, S, Kobayashi 20590847] [PMID: 2010 Jul;10 Suppl 1:S99-106. Geriatr Gerontol Int. alpha- Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant K. Wessel HJ, Tritschler L, Packer 8958163] [PMID: Review. 1997;22(1-2):359-78. Radic Biol Med. Free lipoic acid. . 2010 Prog Lipid Res. role in brain. Acylcarnitines: Borum PR. McDonald DA, Jones LL, 19720082] [PMID: Review. Jan;49(1):61-75. Steffen V, Santiago M, de la Cruz CP, et al. Effect of intraventricular injection of et al. de la Cruz CP, Santiago M, V, Steffen 1995 . Hum Exp Toxicol by acetyl-L-carnitine. protection 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: 8588946] [PMID: Nov;14(11):865-71. placebo-controlled clinical crossover, Double-blind, et al. C, Fani P, Forleo Sorbi S, Clin trial with L-acetylcarnitine in patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia. 10803803] [PMID: 2000 Mar-Apr;23(2):114-8. Neuropharmacol. Picconi B, Barone I, Pisani A, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine protects striatalAcetyl-L-carnitine neurons against et al. A, Pisani Barone I, Picconi B, 2006 Neuropharmacology. the role of endogenous acetylcholine. in vitro ischemia: 16500685] [PMID: Jun;50(8):917-23. Suchy J, Chan A, Shea TB. Dietary supplementation with a combinationTB. of alpha- Shea A, Chan Suchy J, and docosahexaenoic acid, glycerophosphocoline, acetyl-L-carnitine, lipoic acid, phosphatidylserine reduces oxidative damage to murine brain and improves cognitive 19185780] [PMID: 2009 Jan;29(1):70-4. Nutr Res. performance. Vakhapova V, Cohen T, Richter Y, et al. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 fatty et al. Y, Richter T, Cohen V, Vakhapova acids may improve memory with memory abilities in non-demented elderly complaints: 2010;29(5):467- Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. trial. a double-blind placebo-controlled 20523044] [PMID: 74. Richter Y, Herzog Y, Cohen T, et al. The effect of phosphatidylserine-containing omega-3 et al. T, Cohen Y, Herzog Y, Richter fatty a pilot acids on memory memory in subjects with subjective abilities complaints: 21103402] [PMID: Clin 2010 Nov 2;5:313-6. Interv Aging. study. Innov Clin Innov N-acetyl-cysteine. for NAC: a knack Getting LA. Sansone RA, Sansone 21311702] [PMID: Jan;8(1):10-4. 2011 . Neurosci Soybean-derived phosphatidylserine improves et al. Ebina R, Sakai M, A, Kato-Kataoka memory J Clin Japanese function of the elderly with memory subjects complaints. 21103034] [PMID: 2010 Nov;47(3):246-55. . Biochem Nutr

»» Provides the Patented Form of Supplemental D-Glucaric Acid »» Reduces Beta-Glucuronidase Activity for Increased Glucuronidation of Unwanted Compounds*

»» Increased Glucuronidation Supports Detoxification and Elimination Detoxification of Chemicals, Steroid Hormones (Estrogens, Androgens), and Lipid- Soluble Toxins*

Calcium D-Glucarate is the supplemental, patented calcium salt form of D-glucaric acid—a substance produced naturally in the body and obtained through consumption of certain fruits and vegetables. Calcium D-glucarate has been extensively studied by researchers at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, and its health benefits are largely attributed to inhibition of beta-glucuronidase; this activity supports the body’s ability Female Health to detoxify estrogens, xenobiotics, and fat-soluble toxins.* Available in 90 capsules Discussion XYMOGEN’s Calcium D-Glucarate is the patented calcium salt of second day and then dropped. After one week, excretion had reached D-glucaric acid, a substance produced naturally in very small amounts a new steady-state level, which was lower by approximately 50% than in the body and found in many fruits and vegetables. Researchers that of the rats fed the regular chow diet.* at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, who studied the effects and realized the benefits of D-glucaric acid, quickly moved to patent its Modulating Beta-Glucuronidase Activity As stated earlier, CGT supplemental form, calcium D-glucarate (CGT). Oral supplementation does not inhibit beta-glucuronidase directly. Taken orally, it dissolves of CGT has been shown to indirectly inhibit beta-glucuronidase.[1-3] in the stomach and forms D-glucaric acid, from which the potent Liver Support This activity ultimately increases glucuronidation (phase II beta-glucuronidase inhibitor D-glucaro-1,4-lactone is derived.[5] detoxification) and the excretion of toxins and harmful metabolites.* Unfortunately, the body rapidly clears D-glucaro-1,4-lactone. However, oral calcium D-glucarate can be considered a sustained release form Glucuronidation and Beta-Glucuronidase During phase II of the D-glucaro-1,4-lactone.[4] Animals given a single dose of oral detoxification, unwanted chemicals or compounds are conjugated calcium D-glucarate showed a 50% inhibition of beta-glucuronidase with glucuronic acid in the liver (glucuronidation) to form glucuronide for five hours.[2] In vitro and animal studies suggest that the inhibition conjugates that can then be excreted via the urine or bile. of beta-glucuronidase protects cells and supports normal cell Glucuronidation is the pathway used by estrogens and androgens; replication and death (apoptosis).[3] These benefits of D-glucaric acid some steroid hormones; lipid-soluble toxins, such as polycyclic and its salts have been observed in tissues of the colon, prostate, aromatic hydrocarbons; and some nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, lung, liver, skin, and breast in animal-model studies.[3,6,7] These in and aromatic amines. This pathway also represents a major means vitro and animal data are promising, and researchers postulate that of converting most drugs to water-soluble substances that can be controlled human trials will reflect similar results.* excreted.* Antioxidant Activity Although the mechanisms of action have not Beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme produced by intestinal bacteria, been clearly elucidated, the antioxidant effects of CTG have been cleaves glucuronic acid from the glucuronide conjugates formed demonstrated.[8-10] For instance, Olas et al showed that D-glucaro- during phase II detoxification. This cleaving activity frees the unwanted 1,4-lactone was protective against oxidative/nitrative modifications of compounds (e.g., toxins), allowing their reabsorption by the ileal plasma proteins.*[9] mucosa. When this happens, the body is re-exposed to toxins for prolonged periods, which can increase their potential to harm. CGT is converted metabolically to an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase in the intestine, thereby preventing deconjugation and reabsorption of toxins while increasing their elimination.[1,3] Because elevated levels of sex hormones have been linked to unwanted cellular changes, researchers studied the effects of CGT on steady-state hormones and glucuronidation. They found that female rats on a CGT diet had reduced levels of serum estradiol and 17-ketosteroid by 23% and 55%, respectively.[4] Furthermore, urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids in the rats placed on the 10% CGT diet increased by 200% on the

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Liver Support Female Health Detoxification Cell-Life Regulation © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Calcium D-GlucarateSupplementFacts 4,845,123; 5,364,644;5,561,160. Calcium D-GlucarateislicensedfromAppliedFoodSciences,LLCandprotectedbyU.S.Patents silica. cellulose,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. Calcium D-Glucarate Calcium (ascalciumD-glucarate) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving

components. JPhysiolBiochem. 2011Jun;67(2):175-83. [PMID: 21086198] ofplasma oxidation against propertiesoftheglucosederivatives antioxidative Kolodziejczyk J, Saluk-JuszczakJ, Wachowicz B. ofthe Invitro study Nutrition. 2007Feb;23(2):164-71. [PMID: 17234507] ofplasmaproteins. modifications oxidative/nitrative 1,4-lactone against Olas B, Saluk-JuszczakJ, P, Nowak etal. ProtectiveeffectsofD-glucaro Cardiovasc Dis. 2008Jul;18(6):422-28. [PMID:17933501] inbloodplatelets. modifications oxidative NutrMetab 1,4-lactone against Saluk-Juszczak J, OlasB, P, Nowak etal. ProtectiveeffectsofD-glucaro- Biomed EnvironSci. 2003Mar;16(1):9-16. [PMID: 12747003] Singh J, GuptaKP. inmouseskin. preventstumorformation Calciumglucarate Anticancer Res. 1995May-Jun;15(3):805-10. [PMID: 7645962] carcinogenesis. mammary andpromotionphasesofrat on theinitiation Abou-Issa H, MoeschbergerM, el-Masry W, etal. efficacy Relative ofglucarate Prev. 1997;21(2):178-90. [PMID: 9101079] D-glucaric acidsaltanditspotentialuseincancerprevention. CancerDetect Walaszek Z, SzemrajJ, NarogM, etal. Metabolism, uptake, andexcretionofa Carcinogenesis. 1986Sep;7(9):1463-36. [PMID: 3091283] tumorigenesis.promoter of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary Walaszek Z, Hanausek-Walaszek M, MintonJP, etal. asanti- glucarate Dietary 12197785] Calcium-D-glucarate. AlternMedRev . 2002 Aug;7(4):336-39. [PMID: Biochem MedMetabBiol. 1990 Apr;43(2):83-92. [PMID: 2346674] contentofcertainvegetablesandfruits.glucuronidase activityandglucarate Dwivedi C, Heck WJ, Downie AA, etal. onbeta- Effectofcalciumglucarate Dosw (Online). 2008Sep5;62:451-62. [PMID: 18772850] acid anditsderivatives: potential useinmedicine[inPolish]. PostepyHigMed Zółtaszek R, HanausekM, KiliańskaZM, etal. The biological roleofD-glucaric Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (NF) DRS-172

04/18/13 Candicidal™ Gastrointestinal Support Natural Support for GI Balance* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Microbial Balance* »» Provides Nutrients That Support Antioxidant Activity* Immune System Support »» Supports Gastrointestinal Health*

Candicidal™ offers a complementary blend of herbs, essential oils, and sodium caprylate, a naturally occurring fatty acid. Candicidal is formulated to support the body’s immune system as well as a healthy gastrointestinal (GI) flora. This comprehensive formula contains Origanox™† WS—a GRAS, phenolic-rich ingredient extracted from the edible herb Origanum vulgare—as well as herbs to support digestion and a healthy GI system.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Candicidal™ offers a functional approach to achieving and maintaining Olive Leaf Extract from the traditional medicinal plant Olea europaea balance in gastrointestinal flora, a primary component of GI health.[1] is known for its array of healthful attributes, including support for The complementary blend of ingredients is formulated to support immune and antioxidant activities. While studying the attributes of antioxidant activity, microbial balance, and gastrointestinal function.* olive leaf, scientists in the late 19th century isolated oleuropein,[14] which is converted in the body to the active component elenolic acid. Origanox™†WS The water-soluble form of Origanox (Origanox WS) By the late 1960s, research focused on the role of both oleuropein is a natural plant extract from the edible herb Origanum vulgare and elenolic acid. Oleuropein and rutin in olive leaf may contribute to (oregano). Essential oils and phytonutrients from oregano, including maintaining healthy gastrointestinal microflora.[15] Olive leaf extract in rosmarinic acid and quercetin, have been studied closely for their role Candicidal is standardized to 20% oleuropein, while less concentrated in supporting antioxidant mechanisms and healthy microbial balance formulas are standardized to as little as 6% oleuropein.* in the body.[2,3] The ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value of Origanox is 5,800 units per gram.[4] The ORAC scale, developed Candicidal is a comprehensive formula designed to support GI by scientists at the National Institute of Aging, is a measure of the tract health and microflora balance while concurrently supporting scavenging capacity of antioxidants against free radicals that cause antioxidant systems and tissue health.* oxidative stress.*

Sodium Caprylate, a derivative of caprylic acid, is a medium-chain fatty acid with a long research history. Research indicates that it has the potential to support healthy microbial balance in the intestines without adversely affecting beneficial GI flora. Studies also suggest that it may have direct effects on cellular integrity and growth, further supporting gastrointestinal health.*[5,6]

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) plays an important role in Candicidal, offering support for gastrointestinal, immune, and antioxidant systems.[7-9] Ginger has been used for centuries for support of normal gastric function and activity.*

Turmeric Extract Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used historically to support normal muscular contraction/relaxation and digestion. This ancient herb is rich in curcumin, which has been researched considerably for its protective effects,[10,11] as well as its ability to support healthy cytokine balance.[12,13] The addition of turmeric to Candicidal provides additional support for GI function and balance.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support magnesium stearate,silica,andmedium-chaintriglycerides. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),dicalciumphosphatedihydrate,stearicacid,calciumsilicate, ** DailyValue notestablished. Olive Extract(Oleaeuropaea)(leaf)(20%oleuropein) Turmeric Extract(Curcuma longa)(rhizome)(95%curcuminoids) Ginger (Zingiberofficinale)(rhizome) Sodium Caprylate © XYMOGEN † STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, lactating. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Donotuseifyouarepregnantor your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetotwocapsules, onetotwotimesdaily, orasdirectedby † Size:2Capsules Serving Candicidal™ SupplementFacts (Origanox Oregano Extract(Origanumvulgare)(herb)(≥23%phenolics) Origanox Origanox ™ ™† isatrademarkofBarringtonNutritionals. WS) ™ isatrademarkofBarringtonNutritionals. *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration.

This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing 100 mg 200 mg 300 mg 300 mg 300 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References: 15. 14. 13. 12.

19038979] of clinical interest.Chemother. JAntimicrob 2009Feb;63(2):337-9. [PMID: Martins CV, daSilvaDL, Neres AT, etal. Curcuminasapromisingantifungal clinical interest. CanJMicrobiol. 2011Mar;57(3):204-10. [PMID: 21358761] Neelofar K, ShreazS, RimpleB,etal. Curcuminasapromisinganticandidalof 20. [PMID: 17950516] Roscoe): areviewofrecentresearch.Chem Toxicol Food . 2008Feb;46(2):409- pharmacological andtoxicologicalpropertiesofginger(Zingiberofficinale Ali BH, BlundenG, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Somephytochemical, [PMID: 10793599] review ofrandomizedclinical trials.J Anaesth . Br 2000Mar;84(3):367-71. Ernst E, PittlerMH. Efficacy ofgingerfornauseaandvomiting: asystematic [PMID: 16709450] production. mediator Phytomedicine.on inflammatory 2007Feb;14(2-3):123-8. Lantz RC, ChenGJ, SarihanM, etal.Theeffectofextractsfromgingerrhizome Sep;86:558-62. [PMID: 14066436] Influence of onBiochemicalChanges.Various Concentrations JBacteriol. 1963 Payne WJ, onCandida BannisterER.Albicans. EffectsofSodiumCaprylate II. Sep;86:548-57. [PMID: 14066435] Albicans. I. onUltrastructure. InfluenceofConcentration JBacteriol. 1963 Adams JN, Painter BG, Payne onCandida WJ. EffectsofSodiumCaprylate www.origanox.info.9,2011. AccessedAugust Process Biochem. 2005;40(2):809-16. Helicobacterpylori. (Origanum vulgare)withantimicrobialactivityagainst Chun SS, Vattem DA, Lin YT, etal. Phenolicantioxidantsfromclonal oregano Apr;159(3):339-45. [PMID: 15883716] by selectedessentialoilsandtheirmajorcomponents.. Mycopathologia 2005 Tampieri MP, GaluppiR, MacchioniF, etal. The inhibitionofCandidaalbicans London, England: ChurchillLivingstone;2002. Pizzorno LU, PizzornoJE, MurrayMT. MedicineInstructionsforPatients. Natural 26;12(5):1153-62. [PMID: 17873849] activity ofolive(OleaeuropaeaL. Cv. Cobrançosa)leaves. Molecules. 2007May Pereira AP, Ferreira IC, MarcelinoF, etal. Phenoliccompounds andantimicrobial 2007. Incorporated; Ritchason J. OliveLeafExtract.SaltLakeCity, UT: Woodland Publishing Clin Immunol. 2007Jan;27(1):19-35. [PMID: 17211725] GC,Jagetia Aggarwal BB. “Spicing up” oftheimmunesystembycurcumin. J 2009 Jun;14(2):141-53. [PMID: 19594223] Curcuma longa: areviewofpreclinical andclinical research. AlternMedRev. Jurenka JS. propertiesofcurcumin,Anti-inflammatory amajorconstituentof Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-256

06/10/13 Cardio Essentials™ Cardiovascular Support Daily-Dose Cardiovascular Support Packets* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Overall Cardiovascular Health* »» Helps Maintain Healthy Blood Lipid Levels Already Within the Normal Range* »» Supports Healthy Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT)* »» Helps Maintain Healthy Blood Vessels* »» Supports the Maintenance of Healthy Blood Pressure Already Within the Normal Range*

Cardio Essentials™ is a combination of four targeted nutritional formulas packaged together to provide convenience and comprehensive cardiovascular support.*

Available in 60 packets Discussion In this unique formula, XYMOGEN combines NiaVasc™, OmegaPure to naturally support healthy blood lipid levels that are already within 600 EC™, Red Yeast Rice, and CoQmax CF™. Each of these formulas, the normal range. Fueled by extensive studies, scientific evidence packaged together as Cardio Essentials™, contributes its own demonstrating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of red yeast rice mechanisms of support that target different aspects of cardiovascular continues to mount.*[6-11] health.* CoQmax CF™ is a crystal-free CoQ10. A double-blind randomized NiaVasc™ is a sustained-release niacin tablet manufactured using clinical trial of 20 normal human volunteers with a relatively controlled proprietary wax-coated technology that dramatically lessens flushing. diet demonstrated that this formula has far greater absorbability This can improve compliance without reducing efficacy in comparison than powdered CoQ10 and more than twice the bioavailability of to instant-release forms of niacin. Nearly every panel of experts, oil-based or “nano” formulas.[12] CoQ10 supports cardiovascular and including the National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP), considers energy-based needs. Evidence suggests that higher plasma CoQ10 niacin important in addressing the maintenance of healthy blood levels help maintain a healthy heart.[13,14] It is important to note that lipids for support of cardiovascular health.[1] Furthermore, the ARBITER the maintenance of CoQ10 synthesis and concentration in cells is 6-HALTS Trial (n=315) concluded that niacin supports normal CIMT critical to antioxidant status and energy production. CoQ10 synthesis and may be very well suited to certain patients.*[2] is dependent upon the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, and inhibition of this enzyme may reduce CoQ10 levels in the body.* OmegaPure 600 EC™, a molecularly distilled, concentrated, mixed- tocopherol–stabilized fish oil, contains 360 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 1.2 g of fish oil in each enteric-coated softgel. OmegaPure fish oil quality exceeds Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) Monograph standards and meets all international safety standards. Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Scientific evidence also supports their role in modulating the inflammatory response by influencing cell membrane composition and, therefore, eicosanoid metabolism. Furthermore, EPA gives rise to E-series resolvins, and DHA gives rise to D-series resolvins and protectins. Resolvins and protectins are mediators that support the body’s “cleanup” response to the inflammatory cascade, and they are thought to promote homeostasis.*[3-5]

Red Yeast Rice is developed by fermenting Monascus purpureus (red yeast) on commercially grown rice. The rice and yeast are then ground into a powder that is red in color. The resulting fermented, citrinin- free product contains bioactive substances that have been shown

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cardiovascular Support (KanekaQ10 Coenzyme Q10(asubiquinone) (seed) Red Yeast Rice(Monascuspurpureus) DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Niacin (asnicotinicacid) Fish OilConcentrate Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry or preservatives. products, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy pregnant orlactating. Red yeastricemayinhibitthebody’s productionofCoQ10. Donottakeifyouare liver disease, areanorgantransplantrecipient, oraretakingprescriptiondrugs. CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyouhave healthcare practitioner. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. DIRECTIONS: Take contentsofonepackettwicedaily, orasdirectedbyyour † Size:1Packet Serving Cardio Essentials safflower oil(non-GMO),medium-chaintriglycerides,gelatin,vegetableglycerin,andannatto. blendofpalmiticacid,oleicandlinoleic Other IngredientsforCoQmaxCF:Proprietary stearate, andsilica. Other IngredientsforRedYeast Rice:HPMC(capsule),vegetablestearicacid,magnesium silica. Other IngredientsforNiaVasc: Vegetable stearine,carnaubawax,vegetablemagnesiumstearate,and Contains: Fish(anchovy, sardine). lemon oil. Other IngredientsforOmegaPure600EC:Gelatin,glycerin,purifiedwater, entericcoating,andnatural ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ ) ™ SupplementFacts 600 EC (1) OmegaPure Amount 240 mg 360 mg Serving 10 IU 1.1 g 1.1 g Per 10 10 ™ Softgel %DV 33% 2% ** ** ** † Amount 500 mg Serving *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. (1) NiaVasc Per This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease.

2500% Tablet %DV All XYMOGEN ™

Amount 900 mg Serving (1) RedYeast Rice Capsule Per ® %DV FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** Amount Serving (1) CoQmax 50 mg CF Per ™ Softgel %DV ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12. 11.

study%20poster.pdf11,2012. . AccessedApril Assembly. August 1-6, 1998. www.px2.com.tw/poster/No8.RY1%20Cn%20 randomized, double-blindclinical trial. Medical National Scientific Association serum cholesterolandtriacylglycerols hyperlipidemia: inelderlywithprimary A Qin SC, Zhang WQ, QiP, etal. reduces A Monascuspurpureusricepreparation [PMID: 9989685] supplement.Chinese red-yeast-ricedietary AmJClinNutr. 1999;69(2):231-36. Heber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, etal. effectsofaproprietary Cholesterol-lowering [PMID: 17900498] Wang TH, Lin TF. Monascusriceproducts. AdvFood NutrRes. 2007;53:123-59. 2005 Dec;11(4):309-13. [PMID: 16417786] and safetyoftheuseextractsMonascuspurpureus. ChinJIntegrMed . Bianchi A. ofefficacy ExtractsofMonascuspurpureusbeyondstatins—profile 16;150(12):830-09, W147-49. [PMID: 19528562] patients:statin-intolerant arandomizedtrial. AnnInternMed. 2009Jun Becker DJ, GordonRY, HalbertSC, etal. in Redyeastricefordyslipidemia 30;104(4):664-80. [PMID: 20806105] strategies: acidsinperspective. omega-3fatty ThrombHaemost.2010Aug Di MinnoMN, Tremoli E, Tufano A, etal. Exploringnewercardioprotective disease. CardiolRev. 2010Sep-Oct;18(5):258-63. [PMID: 20699674] Weitz D, Weintraub H, Fisher E, etal. Fish ofcardiovascular oilforthetreatment . OtherLipidMediat Prostaglandins 2012Mar;97(3-4):73-82. [PMID: 22326554] mediators: Towards anunderstandingofresolvinandprotectinformation. Weylandt KH, ChiuCY, GomolkaB, etal. acidsandtheirlipid Omega-3fatty Cardiol. 2010Jun15;55(24):2721-26. [PMID: 20399059] adherence,impact ofmedication dose,Coll duration. andtreatment JAm 6-HDL andLDL Treatment in Strategies Atherosclerosis): finalresultsandthe ofthe fortheInvestigation Biology Treatment EffectsofReducingCholesterol Villines TC, StanekEJ, DevinePJ, etal. The ARBITER 6-HALTS Trial (Arterial guidelines. Drugs. 1988;36Suppl3:100-04. [PMID: 3254822] Hulley SB. Program. CholesterolEducation The USNational Adult treatment heart failure. J Am CollCardiol. 2009Oct27;54(18):1660-73. [PMID: 19850206] Soukoulis V, DihuJB, SoleM, etal. Micronutrientdeficienciesanunmetneedin [PMID: 19966871] forcongestiveheartfailure?NZMedJ.therapy 2009Oct30;122(1305):74-79. Molyneux SL, CM, Florkowski Richards AM, etal. CoenzymeQ10;anadjunctive Unpublished data. CoQ10. Report. CityofIndustry, CA: BestFormulations; October5, 2006:1-19. powder innormalvolunteerscomparedtodry coenzyme Q10formulation Stogsdill WW. Peak ofanew bioavailability state Absorption andsteady Aug;49(8):947-56. [PMID: 19602720] (CCSPS). PreventionStudy Secondary JClinPharmacol.China Coronary 2009 withpreviousmyocardialinfarctionfromthe in elderlyhypertensivepatients Group. BeneficialimpactofXuezhikangoncardiovasculareventsandmortality Li JJ, LuZL, Kou WR, etal. PreventionStudy Secondary ChineseCoronary Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-226

12/26/12 CarniteX™ Cardiovascular Support Ultra-Pure L-Carnitine Clinical Applications

»» Supports Cardiovascular, Neurological, and Endocrine System Health*

»» Supports Fat Utilization and Energy Generation* Joint & Muscle Support »» Supports Post-Exercise Muscle Recovery* »» Provides 680 mg of Stabilized L-Carnitine per Two-Capsule Dose*

CarniteX™, a highly stabilized form of the amino acid L-carnitine, supports cardiovascular health, pulmonary function, and muscle recovery from exercise. L-carnitine supports fat utilization and energy production in the mitochondria and is found in abundance in heart and skeletal muscle. CarniteX contains 60% pure L-carnitine and 32% natural L-tartaric acid.* Sports Nutrition

Available in 60 capsules Discussion L-carnitine is a conditionally essential micronutrient synthesized work output.[5,6] A randomized, placebo-controlled human subject from the essential amino acids L-lysine and L-methionine primarily study suggested that carnitine can improve exercise tolerance and in the human brain, liver, and kidney. Production is a multi-step inspiratory muscle strength, as well as reduce lactate production.[7] A process and requires adequate niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin C, and six-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 50 iron. Once synthesized, carnitine is transported to other parts of the children suggested that oral supplementation with L-carnitine helped body, especially cardiac and skeletal muscle where 98% of total body support normal carnitine levels in the body with statistically significant carnitine is confined.*[1] positive effects on support of lung function.*[8]

Carnitine plays an important role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism The role of carnitine in normal fertility has been investigated with and energy production by transporting long-chain fatty acids into the meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials suggesting that mitochondria where beta-oxidation of the fatty acids produces energy carnitine may be effective in improving pregnancy rate and sperm in the form of ATP (adenosine-5’-triphosphate). It transports short- and kinetics, though further research is warranted.[9] In some individuals, medium-chain fatty acids out of the mitochondria and assists in the carnitine supplementation may support cardiovascular health and liberation of coenzyme A, further promoting ATP synthesis. Carnitine triglyceride and HDL levels already within the normal range.*[10,11] facilitates oxidation of glucose, branched-chain amino acids, and ketones, and is required for the oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids Carnitine participates in cell volume and fluid balance, liver lipid in cardiac and skeletal muscle, tissues that use fatty acids as their metabolism, and antioxidant activity. Ongoing research suggests that primary fuel.*[1,2] carnitine supplementation may effectively help maintain the health and function of the cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and endocrine Carnitine requirements may vary under certain conditions—for systems, as well as the kidneys and the liver.*[12] example, overnutrition or aging—and supplementation may support energy and glucose metabolism during these times. Researchers studying carnitine function and requirements utilized supplementation to support energy and substrate metabolism in an animal model. The results suggested that orally administered L-carnitine does indeed support complete fatty acid oxidation, normal mitochondrial fuel metabolism, and glucose tolerance.[3] According to the Council for Responsible Nutrition, the observed safe level for carnitine supplementation in humans appears to be 2,000 mg per day, although higher doses have been tested and tolerated.*[4]

Muscle fuel metabolism also depends on carnitine when fatty acids become the primary energy source for muscles during ongoing low to moderate exercise. Increasing total muscle carnitine content in healthy humans may support physiological function by reducing muscle glycolysis and increasing glycogen storage, fat oxidation, and

Oct;38(4):532-40. [PMID: 6624695] levelsofhigh-densitylipoprotein-cholesterol.of low AmJClinNutr. 1983 onhypertriglyceridemiainhemodialysispatients:treatment decisiverole Vacha GM, GiorcelliG, SiliprandiN, et al. Favorable effects ofL-carnitine Suppl 1:383-90. Review. [PMID: 17392136] formaleinfertility:treatment review. asystematic AsiaPac JClinNutr. 2007;16 Zhou X, LiuF, ZhaiS. EffectofL-carnitineand/orL-acetyl-carnitineinnutrition [PMID: 22162707] persistentasthma.children withmoderate (Cairo). JAllergy 2012;2012:509730. M,Al-Biltagi IsaM, Bediwy AS, etal. L-carnitineimprovestheasthmacontrolin Apr;39(4):465-74. [PMID: 16612469] muscle trainingprograms. andrespiratory body BrazJMedBiolRes. 2006 diseasesubmittedtowhole- withchronicobstructivepulmonary for patients Borghi-Silva A, Baldissera V, SampaioLM, etal. L-carnitineasanergogenicaid 15;589(Pt 4):963-73. [PMID: 21224234] muscle fuelmetabolismduringexerciseinhumans. JPhysiol.2011Feb increasesmuscleL-carnitine andcarbohydrate carnitinecontentandalters Wall BT, StephensFB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, etal. Chronicoralingestionof Physiol. 2007Jun1;581(Pt2):431-44. Review. [PMID: 17331998] offuelmetabolisminskeletalmuscle.the roleofcarnitineinregulation J Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, GreenhaffPL. Newinsightsconcerning 2006 Oct;46(1):23-8. Review. [PMID: 16901595] JN,Hathcock Shao A. Riskassessmentforcarnitine.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. control. JBiolChem. 2009 Aug 21;284(34):22840-52. [PMID: 19553674] and overnutritioncompromisesmitochondrialperformancemetabolic Noland RC, Koves TR, SeilerSE, etal. Carnitineinsufficiencyaging causedby carnitine/. Accessed February 24, 2012. Linus Pauling Institute. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/ 2012. StandardDatabase.Natural www.NaturalStandard.com. Accessed February 24, Metab (Lond). 2010 16;7:30.Apr [PMID: 20398344] JL,Flanagan SimmonsPA, Vehige J, etal. Roleofcarnitineindisease. Nutr 16407731] disease therapy. JCardiovascNurs . 2006Jan-Feb;21(1):9-16. Review. [PMID: Kendler BS. Supplementalconditionallyessentialnutrientsincardiovascular Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-160

03/14/12 ™ CheleX Antioxidant Activity Support Against Oxidative Elements* Clinical Applications

» Helps Protect Tissues from Oxidative Stress* » Supports Detoxiﬁ cation* Detoxiﬁ cation

CheleX™ is an extraordinary combination of unique and specialized ingredients designed to help the body rid itself of damaging oxidative elements. This all-natural formula provides DMSA and EDTA, which work in conjunction with carefully chosen herbs and antioxidant-stimulating nutrients to help protect cells from oxidative damage and help the body lower its toxic load.* Liver Support

Available in 120 capsules Discussion DMSA (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid ) is a non-toxic, water soluble to bind toxic metals. The positive effect of chlorella supplementation compound that has been used since the 1950s to bind to metals in on toxic metals, including methylmercury and lead, is supported by living tissue.[1] Containing two sulfhydryl groups, this relatively stable animal research.[16,17] For example, testing its metal chelating ability, compound has a high affi nity for toxic elements. DMSA has been researchers observed a dramatic 66.03% reduction in blood lead studied with regard to reducing the toxic effects of various elements, levels in mice receiving chlorella extract (50 mg/kg/day) concurrent and human studies support its effi cacy in oral doses ranging from 10 with lead exposure compared to lead-exposed, non-treated mice.*[16] to 30 mg/kg/day.[2-4] Human research suggests that oral DMSA is an excellent follow-up to intravenous (IV) EDTA treatment.*[1,5] N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and Alpha Lipoic Acid are well-known for their antioxidant activity. Exposure to heavy metals increases free EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a synthetic amino acid radical production and oxidative stress.[18] Research suggests that compound and perhaps the most well-known and often-used IV there is a benefi cial role for free radical scavengers in reducing the chelating agent. Oral EDTA is poorly absorbed, but it is believed to oxidative stress that is common with toxic metal exposure.[19] NAC has support detoxifi cation of metals largely in the gastrointestinal tract.[6,7] the ability to interact with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulate More studies are needed to validate this approach. There is believed the body to produce glutathione. This can enhance cell survival after to be a benefi t in combining EDTA with other chelators because EDTA exposure to heavy metals or toxins.[20] In addition, ALA may directly acts slowly and could potentially lead to redeposition of metals.[8] Due chelate or reduce the oxidative capacity of metals, such as copper, to EDTA’s metal-binding ability, it is important to replace benefi cial arsenic, cadmium, and mercury.*[21-24] minerals, such as zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, and manganese.* References Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), also known as Chinese parsley or coriander, suppresses the deposition of lead by chelating the 1. Crinnion WJ. EDTA redistribution of lead and cadmium into the soft tissues in a [9] human with a high lead burden - should DMSA always be used to follow EDTA in metal. Furthermore, in an experimental animal study, lead-induced such cases? Altern Med Rev. 2011 Jun;16(2):109-12. [PMID: 21649453] histological changes in testis of albino mice were prevented to some 2. Bradberry S, Sheehan T, Vale A. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) extent by concomitant daily administration of C sativum extracts, in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. QJM. 2009 Oct;102(10):721-32. perhaps due to a reduction in associated oxidative stress.*[10] [PMID: 19700440] 3. Palaniappan PL, Vijayasundaram V. The effect of arsenic exposure and the effi cacy Allicin is the main biologically active component of garlic clove of DMSA on the proteins and lipids of the gill tissues of Labeo rohita. Food Chem extracts and has promising effects on toxic metal accumulation Toxicol. 2009 Aug;47(8):1752-59. [PMID:19394394] in experimental research.[11] In animal and in vitro models, garlic 4. Kim LH, Abel SJ. Survival after a massive overdose of arsenic trioxide. Crit Care Resusc. 2009 Mar;11(1):42-45. [PMID: 19281444] was able to reduce cellular exposure to, or accumulation of, lead, [12-14] 5. Lee BK, Schwartz BS, Stewart W, et al. Provocative chelation with DMSA and EDTA: cadmium, and mercury. Furthermore, various extracts and forms evidence for differential access to lead storage sites. Occup Environ Med. 1995 of garlic have demonstrated its ability to positively affect detoxifi cation Jan;52(1):13-19. [PMID: 7697134] pathways.*[15] 6. Foreman H, Trujillo TT. The metabolism of C14 labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in human beings. J Lab Clin Med. 1954 Apr;43(4):566-71. [PMID: 13163555] Chlorella is a naturally occurring micro-algae and an excellent source of chlorophyll—a detoxifying substance that is also thought Continued on next page

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Liver Support Detoxifi cation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry CAUTIONS: Donottakeifyouarepregnantorlactating. sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy tamper sealisdamaged. shouldconsulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse.medication Donotuseif prescription ortakingany Children andindividualsreceivingmedicaltreatment healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, twotofourcapsules orasdirectedbyyour CheleX Serving Size:4Capsules Serving silica. cellulose,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. DMSA (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) Alpha-Lipoic Acid N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Cilantro AqueousExtract(Coriandrumsativum)(leaves) Chlorella Calcium DisodiumEDTA Allicin (fromgarlicextract)(Alliumsativum)(fruit) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 0 g** ** ** ** 100 mg ** 100 mg ** 200 mg 300 mg 300 mg 300 mg g** 6 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. Continued Toxicology. 1997Jan15;116(1-3):67-75[PMID: 9020508] the effi fromthekidney. cacy forremovingmercury agents ofchelating Keith RL, SetiarahardjoI, Fernando Q, etal. ofrenalslicestoevaluate Utilization [PMID: 10703716] on thetoxicityofcadmium. GenPhysiolBiophys. 1999Oct;18SpecNo:28-32. Bludovska M, Kotyzova D, Koutensky J, etal. The infl uence ofalpha-lipoicacid 2004 Sep-Oct;32(5): 527-35. [PMID: 15603538] sodiumarseniteacutetoxicityinmice.and lipoicacidagainst Toxicol Pathol. das NevesRN, F, Carvalho M, Carvalho etal. Protectiveactivityofhesperidin nutrients. Toxicology. 2003Jul15;189(1-2):147-63. [PMID: 12821289] Gaetke LM, CK. Chow Coppertoxicity, stress, oxidative andantioxidant Neurotoxicology. 2005Jan;26(1):1-8. [PMID: 15527868] depletion: withglutathione associated precursors. protectionwithglutathione James SJ, Slikker W 3rd, S, Melnyk etal. Thimerosal neurotoxicityis 15;145(3):267-80. [PMID: 12732454] ofchronicleadintoxication.the treatment ChemBiolInteract. 2003Jun in occurringantioxidants(vitamins)andthiolchelators of somenaturally Flora SJ, Pande M, Mehta A. Benefi cial effectofcombinedadministration 46. [PMID: 21845340] gadolinium onvascularreactivity. BrazJMedBiolRes. 2011Sep;44(9):939- Vassallo DV, SimõesMR, Furieri LB, etal. Toxic effectsofmercury, leadand Oct;36(5):675-80. [PMID: 22008543] transfertothefetusinpregnantmice.methylmercury JToxicol Sci. 2011 Uchikawa T, I, Maruyama Kumamoto S, etal. Chlorellasuppresses Immunopharmacol. 2003Jun;3(6):889-900. [PMID: 12781705] vulgaris inlead-exposedmiceinfectedwithListeriamonocytogenes. Int Queiroz ML, Rodrigues AP, BincolettoC, etal. ProtectiveeffectsofChlorella Jun;41(1):103-12. [PMID: 20213447] system: effectsandperspectivesincancertherapy. AminoAcids. 2011 Melino S, SabelliR, Paci M. Allyl sulfurcompoundsandcellulardetoxifi cation Med J. 1999Oct;40(5):483-9. [PMID: 10565261] of methylmercuricchlorideadministeredtopregnantFischer 344rats. Yonsei Lee JH, KangHS, RohJ. embryotoxicity Protectiveeffectsofgarlicjuiceagainst [PMID: 11315815] L.).shoots ofgarlic(Alliumsativum BioresourTechnol. 2001Jan;76(1):9-13 Jiang W, LiuD, Hou W. ofcadmiumbyroots, Hyperaccumulation bulbsand 11448543] on tissueleadlevelinrats. JEthnopharmacol. 2001 Aug;76(3):229-32. [PMID: SK,Senapati DeyS, DwivediSK, etal. L.)extract Effectofgarlic(Alliumsativum mice. PlantaMed. 2010Feb;76(3):241-44. [PMID: 19764011] acidandallicinonbloodtissueleadcontentin 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic Aslani MR, Najarnezhad V, MohriM. Individualandcombinedeffectofmeso- Sep;136(3):337-54. [PMID: 19902160] (Coriander) ontestisoflead-exposedmice. BiolTrace ElemRes. 2010 Sharma V, KansalL, Sharma A. Prophylacticeffi cacy ofCoriandrumsativum Oct;77(2-3):203-08. [PMID: 11535365] parsley) onlocalizedleaddepositioninICRmice. JEthnopharmacol. 2001 Aga M, IwakiK, Ueda Y, etal. (Chinese PreventiveeffectofCoriandrumsativum poisoning. JPediatr. 1997Jun;130(6):966-71. [PMID: 9202621] andethylenediaminetetraaceticacidinchildrenwithlead dimercaptopropanol acid andcalciumdisodiumethylenediaminetetraaceticversus Besunder JB, SuperDM, Anderson RL. Comparisonofdimercaptosuccinic 13312679] calcium-disodium. AMAArch IndHealth . 1956May;13(5):489-98. [PMID: Shiels DO, Thomas DL, KearleyE. Treatment ofleadpoisoningbyedathamil Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 11/26/12 (RV) DRS-137 CholeRex™ Cardiovascular Support Policosanol with OptiMag 125™ Clinical Applications

»» Provides natural support for maintaining healthy blood lipid levels* »» Promotes overall vascular health by helping to maintain blood vessel integrity and function* »» Prevents peroxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) – helps to protect arterial walls from the damaging effects of oxidized LDL* »» Inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation, an important factor in maintaining healthy arterial function* »» Supports healthy blood flow by helping to maintain healthy platelet function* »» Supports muscle relaxation and nerve transmission*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion CholeRex™ is an exclusive formula that features MagniSol™, a Additional Cardiovascular Benefits of Policosanol proprietary blend of policosanol from sugar cane extract and a revolutionary magnesium amino acid chelate and mineral complex In addition to its effect on blood lipid levels, policosanol has produced by an innovative patented process and designed to give demonstrated positive effects on several other risk factors associated maximum absorption. Each capsule provides 10 mg of policosanol and with cardiovascular disease. For instance, studies have shown that 100 mg of elemental magnesium.* it may prevent lipid peroxidation of LDL, inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation, exert a protective effect on vascular endothelium, and An impressive body of research suggests that both policosanol promote healthy platelet function, possibly through a decrease in the and magnesium may provide significant cardioprotective benefits. production of thromboxane A2 and B2. These additional actions can CholeRex™ with MagniSol™, along with regular exercise and a have a beneficial effect on blood vessel integrity and function and thus nutritious diet may be an effective way to help to maintain healthy promote overall cardiovascular health.* blood lipid levels and good cardiovascular function.* Magnesium and Cardiovascular Health Powerful, Natural Support for Blood Lipids Magnesium is a vital nutrient that is essential to the proper functioning The powerful, beneficial effect of policosanol on blood lipids has of the entire cardiovascular system. It is necessary for nearly every been extensively studied in both humans and animals, and its major physiologic process in the body and plays an important role in effectiveness has been compared to several commonly prescribed the regulation of muscle contraction, heartbeat, nerve transmission, lipid-modifying agents. Policosanol appears to have a modulating and vascular tone.* effect on hydroxymethylglutaryl co-enzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, a rate-limiting enzyme for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Magnesium deficiency is widely recognized as a contributing This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the factor in the etiology of heart disease and commonly occurs with key metabolite of cholesterol biosynthesis. Policosanol is believed to conditions such as arrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, affect HMG-CoA reductase activity by depressing its synthesis and/ and mitral valve prolapse. In experimental studies, low plasma levels or via stimulation of its degradation. Additionally, policosanol has been of magnesium have been shown to accelerate atherogenesis by shown to promote binding, uptake, and degradation of low-density increasing concentrations of LDL and peroxidized lipoproteins, and by lipoproteins (LDL).* promoting inflammation. Additionally, magnesium deficiency is known to contribute to an imbalance of electrolytes, such as Na+, K+, and Studies suggests that policosanol at a dose range of 5 to 20 mg Ca2+, which can negatively affect myocardial function.* per day is effective for promoting healthy blood lipid synthesis and metabolism. Policosanol has an excellent safety profile with reports Magnesium supplementation has been shown to benefit patients with of only mild or no side effects. Furthermore, animal toxicity data cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension, improve endothelial function in indicates that policosanol demonstrates no toxic effects, even at doses patients with coronary artery disease, and increase the survival rate of many hundred times greater than the maximum dose recommended patients with congestive heart failure.* for humans.*

modification invitro.modification BrJClinPharmacol2000;50:255-62 fromhealthyvolunteerstooxidative densitylipoprotein(LDL)isolated of low Menendez R, Mas, R, Armor AM, etal. Effectofpolicosanolonthesusceptibility reductase activityinculturedfibroblasts. Archives 2001;32:8-12 MedRes Menendez R, Arnor AM, RodeiroI, etal. Policosanol HMG-CoA modulates Aspects Med2003Feb 6;24(1-3):137-46 Maier JA. andatherosclerosis: magnesium Low anevidence-basedlink. Mol Feb;143(2):356-65 agent. significanceofanewlipid-lowering therapeutic AmHeartJ2002 Gouni-Berhold I, BertholdHK. Policosanol: clinical and pharmacology 2002 Sep;238(1-2):163-79 incardiovasculardiseases:role ofmagnesium areview. MolCellBiochem Chakraborti S, Chakraborti T, MandalM, Mandal A, DasS, GhoshS. Protective pilot study. Angiology2003Jan;54(1):25-38 withintermittentclaudication: inpatients lovastatin adouble-blindcomparative Castano G, MasR, Fernandez L, Gamez, IllnaitJ. Effectsofpolicosanoland Pharmacol Ther1996;34(3):134-37 patients. heartdiseaseinmiddle-aged coronary A 14-monthstudy. IntJClin J,Batista StusserR, SaezF, etal. Effectofpolicosanolonhyperlipidemiaand Med BiolRes2000;33:835-40 atherosclerotic lesionsinrabbitswithexogenoushypercholesterolemia. BrazJ Arruzazabala ML, NoaM, MenendezR, etal. Protectiveeffectofpolicosanolon patients. ClinExpPharmacolPhysiol2002Oct;29(10):891-7 of policosanol(20and40mg/day)inhealthyvolunteersdyslipidaemic Arruzazabala ML, Molina V, MasR, Fernandez L, etal. effects Antiplatelet Prostaglandins LeukotEssentFattyAcids1993;49:695-97 ischemia inMongoliangerbils: roleofprostacyclin andthromboxane A2. Arruzazabala ML, Molina V, CarbajalD, etal. Effectofpolicosanoloncerebral 1998;20(4):119-24 intypeIIhypercholesterolemicpatients.aggregation IntJTissue React Arruzazabala ML, MasR, Molina V, etal. Effectofpolicosanolonplatelet function afterdirectcurrentshocks. Resuscitation2003Feb;56(2):199-206 leftventricular andpreserves reducesfreeradicalconcentration Magnesium Zhang Y, LR, Davies MartinSM, Im, Bawaney BuettnerGR, KerberRE. study. Toxicol Lett1994;73(2):81-90 Mesa AR, MasR, NoaM, etal. Toxicity dogs: ofpolicosanolinbeagle one-year Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (NF) DRS-124

01/10/13 ™ CinnDromeX Blood Sugar Support Glucose Metabolism Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Glucose Metabolism* »» Supports Healthy Blood Lipid Levels Already in the Normal Range* »» Improves/Maintains Healthy Nerve Function*

CinnDromeX™ features significant quantities of key ingredients that support insulin utilization and glucose metabolism. CinSulin® is a safe, patented, 100% water-soluble, 10:1 concentrated form of cinnamon that provides polyphenol polymers. Standardized American ginseng, green tea, gymnema, and alpha-lipoic acid help protect pancreatic cells, support insulin sensitivity, and provide antioxidant activity. Albion®’s TRAACS® patented chromium is added for its role in enhancing insulin activity.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion CinSulin® is a clinically proven, patented water extract of cinnamon healthy peripheral nerves and maintain blood pressure already in the (Cinnamomum cassia) shown to powerfully influence glucose normal range.[12,13] In higher doses, alpha lipoic acid supports blood metabolism. The unique, proprietary extraction and dehydration sugar levels already in the normal range. process for manufacturing CinSulin results in a concentrated (10:1) extract that minimizes undesirable substances, while retaining those Chromium: The Albion® TRAACS® patented process that combines that are health-promoting, such as type-A polyphenolic polymers. chromium with glycinate and niacin increases its bioavailability and Cinnamon has been studied extensively for its roles in glucose uptake, supports healthy glucose metabolism.[14] Individuals with poor glucose glycogen synthesis, insulin action, and support for healthy blood metabolism tend to have lower blood chromium levels. Chromium lipids.[1,2] Anderson et al. demonstrated a 20-fold increase in glucose enhances the metabolic action of insulin and may support heart uptake in fat cells treated with water-soluble type-A polymers.[3] health, especially in overweight individuals.

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) exhibits activities that support blood sugar levels already in the normal range.[4,5] The American ginseng in CinnDromeX™ is a standardized 12% (ginsenosides) extract.

Gymnema Leaf Extract (Gymnema sylvestre) is a water-soluble extract made from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and standardized to 25% gymnemic acid. This form does not decrease iron absorption as other forms may.[6] Gymnema can enhance the effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents by reducing glucose absorption in the intestine, stimulating pancreatic beta cell growth, and possibly supporting endogenous insulin secretion. Gymnema may also support serum lipid levels already in the normal range.[7]

Green Tea Polyphenols (Camellia sinesis) protect erythrocytes from oxidative stress, possibly supporting the health of tissues that could otherwise be affected by too high levels of blood glucose.[8] In research studies EGCG enhanced insulin activity,[9] protected the pancreatic cells by reducing undesirable cytokines (e.g. IL-1beta), and reduced IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide production. It affected genes that inhibit activation of NF-kappaB[10] and reduced the level of messenger RNA for the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes.[11]

Alpha Lipoic Acid is a potent antioxidant that acts by multiple mechanisms, both physiologically and pharmacologically, to support

15549673] gluconeogenic enzymesinvivo. PlantaMed. 2004Nov;70(11):1100-2[PMID: Koyama Y et.al. Effectsofgreenteaongeneexpressionhepatic Chem. 2002Nov20;50(24): 7182-6. [PMID: 12428980] Anderso nRA, Polansky MM Tea enchancesinsulinactivity. JAgricFood Physiol. 2005Jan-Feb; 32(1-2): 70-5[PMID: 15730438] oftype2diabeticerythrocytes. damage oxidation-induced ClinExpPharmacol Rizvi SI, ZaidMA, Anis R, MishraN. against Protectiveroleofteacatechins Etnopharmacol 1990;30:228-94[PMID: 2259216] the controlofbloodglucoseininsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus. Jof Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B., et.al. slyvestreleafextractin Useofgynema [accessed 1.29.07] MedicinesComprehensiveDatabase.Natural http://www.naturaldatabase.com . Clin Nutr. 2003Feb; 57(2):243-8[PMID: 12571655] depressed ginesenosideprofiledoesnotaffectpostprandialglycemia. EurJ Ginseng: of abatch American ginseng(Panax quinquefoliusL.)witha Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, LeiterLA, Vuksan V. Variable effectsof American 2004 Aug;93 (2-3):337-44[PMID: 15234774] activity.identifying herbalspossessingsulfonylurea-like JEthnopharmacol. Rotshtyen Y, ZitoSW, ofmodifiedinvitroscreeningprocedurefor Application activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2004Jan14;52(1):65-70. [PMID: 14709014] of polyphenoltype-Apolymersfromcinnamonwithinsulin-likebiological Anderson RA, BroadhurstCL, Polansky MM, etal. andcharacterization Isolation [PMID: 18500972] in pre-diabeticmenandwomen. JIntSocSportsNutr. 2006Dec28;3:45-53. ofthemetabolicsyndrome compositionandfeatures cinnamon extractonbody Ziegenfuss TN, HofheinsJE, MendelRW, etal. Effectsofawater-soluble Pharm Res. 2010Feb;33(2):325-33. [PMID: 20195835] Cinnamomi Cassiae(Cinnamonbark)extractinC57BL/Ksdb/dbmice. Arch Kim SH, ChoungSY. Antihyperglycemic andantihyperlipidemicactionof [PMID: 12074977] various aspecsofsyndromeX. AnnNYAcadSci. 2002May;957:250-9. seedproanthocyanidin and complex andagrape extractonadvancingage Preuss HG, M. Bagchi Protectiveeffectsofnovelniacin-boundchromium 2004 Oct-Nov;26(7-8): 593-601[PMID: 15702613] de ChamplainJ. et.al. stressinhypertension. Oxidative ClinExpHypertens . Intern Med. 1999Jul-Sep;37(3):297-306[PMID: 15532308] with theantioxidantalpha-lipoicacidindiabeticperipheralneuropathy. RomJ Negrisanu G, RosuM, BolteB, LefterD, DabeleaDEffectsof3-monthtreatment 30;35(2):136-9 [PMID:12754418] cytokine-induced beta-celldamage. pancreatic ExpMolMed.2003Apr Han MK. gallate, Epigallocatechin aconstituentofgreentea, supresses Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-141

07/26/12 Coconut Oil Cardiovascular Support

Clinical Applications

»» Support healthy brain and nervous system function* »» Maintain healthy LDL:HDL ratio already within the normal range*

»» Support the body’s production of Monolaurin* Fatty Acids Essential »» Support immune response to foreign microbes* »» Provide antioxidant support* »» Provide quick, easily digested source of energy*

The taste of this 100% organic virgin coconut oil is as pleasing as its fresh coconut fragrance and pure, white appearance. The oil is cold-pressed from non-GMO, freshly harvested coconuts so that the coconut meat has no time to ferment. The oil is free of bleaching agents, deodorizing agents, artificial flavors, or any other chemicals. Tiny, harmless brown specks of coconut fiber may be present because the oil

is unrefined. Approximately 50% of this coconut oil consists of medium- Female Health chain fatty acids (MCTs)—fatty acids also found in mother’s milk. Available in 16 fluid ounces Discussion For many decades, coconut oil, a saturated fat, was “out of flavor” with nutritionists who accepted, as fact, the negative outcomes of studies that examined the effects of the oil’s hydrogenated form. Coconut oil, in its natural form, is now touted as one of the healthiest oils on earth.*

The taste of XYMOGEN’s 100% organic virgin coconut oil is as pleasing as its fresh coconut fragrance and pure white appearance. The oil is cold-pressed from organic, non-GMO, freshly harvested coconut, leaving no time for the coconut meat to ferment. It is free of bleaching agents, deodorizing agents, artificial flavors, and all other chemicals. Because XYMOGEN’s coconut oil is unrefined, tiny, harmless brown specks of the coconut fiber might be visibly present.

Coconut oil is roughly 96% saturated fat by weight. Approximately 50% of the oil’s weight consists of immune-supportive medium chain fatty acids (MCTs) which are also found in mother’s milk. Coconut oil contains fat chains known as “medium chain fatty acids (MUFAs)” or “medium chain triglycerides (MCTs).” These fatty acids put very little strain on the digestive system, are easily absorbed, permeate the mitochondria without the aid of enzymes, and provide nourishment and a quick energy source without impacting insulin levels. Unlike other dietary fats, MCTs are not stored as body fat to any significant degree. The liver metabolizes the MCTs into ketones, which can then be used to feed brain cells if they are deprived of glucose, as is the case with insulin resistance. Oral consumption of MCTs has been shown to improve cognition in older individuals.*

Lauric acid accounts for approximately 50% of the fatty acid content of coconut. The human body converts the MUFAs into monolaurin, a monoglyceride that is capable of dissolving the lipid-containing envelope surrounding certain microbes. Free lauric acid may support microbial balance.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Female Health Essential Fatty Acids Cardiovascular Support © XYMOGEN 76°F(25°C). storedbelow be reversedifagain place. Ifstoredabove76°F(25°C), oilwillbegintoliquify. This isnormalandcan necessary.STORAGE: Norefrigeration Keepcontainertightlyclosed inacool, dry children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach preservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Consumeonetablespoonperday, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Coconut OilNutritionFacts Contains: Tree nuts(coconut). Ingredients: 100%organicvirgincoconutoil. * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Not asignificantsource fiber, ofcholesterol,dietary sugars,vitaminA,C,calcium,andiron. Protein 0g Total Carbohydrate0g Sodium 0mg MonounsaturatedFat0.5g PolyunsaturatedFat0.5g Trans Fat0g SaturatedFat13g Total Fat14g Calories 125 Amount PerServing PerContainer~32 Servings Size1TablespoonServing (14g) Certified OrganicBy:Quality Assurance International *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN CaloriesfromFat125 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. % DailyValue*

65% 22% 0% 0% 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

adults. NeurobiolAging. 2004Mar;25(3):311-4. [PMID: 15123336] Reger MA, oncognitioninmemory-impaired Effectsofbeta-hydroxybutyrate 18582445] dog.aged BrainRes. 2008 Aug 21;1226:209-17. Epub2008Jun11[PMID: amyloid-betaprecursorprotein(APP)levelsinthe and decreasesteady-state Studzinski CM, etal. Inductionofketosismayimprovemitochondrialfunction Microbiol. 2009;58(1):43-7. [PMID: 19469285] their 1-monoglycerides: individualeffectsandsynergisticrelationships. PolJ DI,Batovska etal. acidsand ofthemediumchainfatty Antibacterial study (2000). Nutrition ofFats,Oils,andCholesterol, BethesdaPress, SilverSpring, MD Enig, MG. KnowYour Fats:TheCompletePrimerforUnderstandingthe Clin-Biochem.parameters andinvitroLDLoxidation. 2004Sep;37(9): 830-5 Nevin KG, Rajamohan T. Beneficialeffectsofvirgincoconutoilonlipid Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-242

07/25/12 ™ CodPure Plus Fatty Acids Essential Natural Cod Liver Oil Clinical Applications

» Liquid Source of EPA/DHA & Fat-Soluble Vitamins A & D* » Supports Anti-Inﬂ ammatory Response* » Supports Cardiovascular Health* » Supports Neurological Health*

CodPure Plus™, a pharmaceutical grade, great-tasting, liquid cod liver oil ﬂ avored with natural orange essence is ideal for children and adults. This formula is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA & DHA, vitamin A, and has added vitamin D. The addition of a natural antioxidant blend that includes rosemary, mixed tocopherols, ascorbyl palmitate, and citric acid assures optimal freshness and stability.*

Available in 8 & 16 ounces Discussion CodPure Plus™ is pharmaceutical grade omega-3 oil. The cod is harvested from plentiful stocks off the coast of Norway. XYMOGEN® ensures the cod used in this oil are sourced according to stringent environmental standards to ensure abundant stocks year after year. CodPure Plus™ undergoes third-party testing using American Oil Chemists' Society (“AOCS”) international protocols to guarantee potency and freshness. This formula is puriﬁ ed to surpass all national and international standards for environmental pollutants, including dioxins, PCBs, pesticides, and heavy metals, including mercury; and also meets stringent European Pharmacopoeia Standards for freshness and purity. CodPure Plus™ also exceeds all purity standards recommended by the Council for Responsible Nutrition.*

Cod liver oil has been consumed for over 200 years. The oil took a leading role in the knowledge of rickets. Its preventive and therapeutic value (along with sunlight) against rickets in young infants was conﬁ rmed in 1922. Essential fatty acids, especially omega-3s have been linked to visual and cognitive development in infants and children and cerebrovascular/cognitive health in adults. Dietary lipids inﬂ uence the cellular biophysical membrane and act on a variety of pathways including gene signaling and the activities of proteins.*[1]

Research demonstrates the role of cod liver oil in supporting skeletal, cardiovascular and neurological health; as well as the health of hair, skin and nails.[2] Cod liver oil also has anti-inﬂ ammatory properties. [3] Meta-analysis of three studies lends support to the hypothesis that intake of cod liver oil during the ﬁ rst year of life reduces the risk of Type 1 diabetes.*[4,5,6]

Each 8-oz bottle supplies 52 servings (1 tsp each) with each teaspoon of CodPure Plus™ supplying 363 mgs of EPA and 545 mgs of DHA; (Compare to OmegaPure 600 with 360 mgs of EPA and 240 mgs DHA). Per teaspoon, the formula also supplies 1500 IU of Vitamin A (as cis Retinol) and 100 IU of Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol) with only 20 mgs of cholesterol and 45 calories. It is Proposition 65-compliant depending upon the dose consumed.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Essential Fatty Acids Plus afteropening.STORAGE: Keeprefrigerated When keptrefrigerated, CodPure CAUTION: Keepoutofreachchildren. colors, orpreservatives. sweeteners DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy artifi cial years: 1/2teaspoondaily. 11yearsandolder: 1teaspoondaily. DIRECTIONS: Childrenupto12months: 3-4dropsperday. Childrenupto10 CodPure Plus © XYMOGEN Contains: Fish(fromcodliveroil). blend (rosemary, mixedtocopherolsandascorbylpalmitate). Other Ingredients:Purifi ed,molecularlydistilledcodliveroil,naturalorangeessence,andantioxidant ** DailyValue notestablished. * Percent DailyValue arebasedona2,000caloriediet. DHA(DocosahexaenoicAcid) EPA (EicosapentaenoicAcid) Omega-3’s (as d-alpha-tocopherolandmixedtocopherols) Vitamin E Vitamin D(ascholecalciferol) Vitamin A(fromfi shoil) Cholesterol MonounsaturatedFat PolyunsaturatedFat SaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Serving Size:1TeaspoonServing (5mL) ™ maybecomecloudy. This doesnotaffectthequalityofproduct. ™ 8ozSupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 1,500 IU 545 mg 363 mg 100 IU <5 mg 10 IU 1.5 g 4.5 g 2 g 1 g 40 45 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. <1%* 33% 25% 30% 5%* 7%* ** ** ** ** 6. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References control study. AmJClinNutr. 2003Dec;78(6):1128-34[PMID: 14668274] riskofchildhood-onsettype1diabetes:lower alarge, population-based, case- Stene LC, etal. Useofcodliveroilduringthefi with rst yearoflifeisassociated 26;298(12):1420-8 [PMID: 17895458] increasedriskfortype1diabetes.autoimmunity inchildrenat JAMA. 2007Sep Norris JM, etal. acidintakeandislet fatty Omega-3polyunsaturated Feb;9(1):40-5 [PMID: 18211635] polymorphism, codliveroilandriskoftype1diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes . 2008 Stene LC, etal. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala [PMID: 2161781] colitis. modelofgranulomatous lesions inarat Gut. 1990May;31(5):539-44 Vilaseca J, etal. fi Dietary sh oilreducesprogressionofchronicinfl ammatory 2007 Dec;59(12):1629-41[PMID: 18053324] metabolic abnormalitiesinstreptozotocindiabeticrats. JPharmPharmacol. Ceylan-Isik A, etal. improvescardiovascularand Codliveroilsupplementation Aug;60(4):443-455. [PMID: 18511896] Caramia G. Omega-3: fromcod-liveroiltonutrigenomics. Pediatr. Minerva 2008 Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 02/08/12 (NF) DRS-185 ™

ColonX Gastrointestinal Support for Gastrointestinal Regularity* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Digestion, Assimilation, and Elimination* »» Promotes Gastrointestinal Motility and Stool Bulk* »» Supports Final Phases of Detoxification*

ColonX™ is designed to support gastrointestinal (GI) regularity and complement dietary fiber intake. Magnesium citrate is present to support muscle relaxation and bowel elimination. Cape Aloe is added to support normal GI transit time and stool bulk. Triphala, a balanced blend of astringent fruits used extensively in Ayurveda, is present to support all phases of digestion, assimilation, and elimination. Gastrointestinal regularity in turn plays a fundamental role in detoxification, providing a major route for elimination of toxins.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion ColonX™ addresses an issue of universal importance: gastrointestinal effects at doses of up to 200 mg/kg body weight over a seven-day (GI) health. GI regularity and function is vital to physiological balance period.*[5] and overall well-being. How well the body digests, assimilates, and eliminates metabolic fuel and metabolic waste determines health at Triphala Triphala comprises three sour, astringent fruits: Emblica the cellular level. Toxins that enter the body must be detoxified and officinalis (amla), Terminalia belerica (behada), and Terminalia chebula their metabolites must exit the body. Gastrointestinal elimination (harada). This tannin-rich herbal compound has been used traditionally plays a major role in detoxification by expelling the remnants of toxic for supporting digestion, assimilation, and elimination.[6] Triphala is molecules. If these harmful remnants are not eliminated, they can considered to be a cornerstone of the art and practice of Ayurveda, recirculate throughout the body.* and it is used throughout India in herbal products. Modern-day clinical trials have confirmed the benefits of traditional uses of triphala, Magnesium Magnesium citrate, the type of magnesium in ColonX, is especially gastrointestinal support. Researchers indicated that triphala used for colonoscopy preparation. Chosen for its promotion of muscle positively supports appetite, GI health, and rejuvenation.*[7] relaxation and effective elimination of feces through the bowel, magnesium citrate is also highly bioavailable.[1] It should be noted ColonX is intended for short-term use only and should never be that particular forms of magnesium may be absorbed differently. consumed during pregnancy. Follow directions and label cautions Please note that while magnesium citrate is best suited to support carefully.* gastrointestinal elimination, the patented amino acid chelates such as the lysyl glycinate and dimagnesium malate chelates in XYMOGEN’s OptiMag 125™ formula are designed to be bioavailable and easily absorbed.*

As a macromineral, magnesium supports cell, tissue, and organ function and participates in over 300 metabolic reactions in the body. This essential mineral plays a pivotal role in energy-producing reactions, detoxification, muscle and nerve function, and skeletal structure.[2,3] Magnesium can readily become depleted due to inadequate intake, poor absorption, excessive losses, and drug- induced nutrient depletions.*

Cape Aloe (Aloe ferox) Cape Aloe has a long history of use in South Africa and continues to be closely studied for its valuable attributes,[4] specifically how it supports GI regularity. The herb is ideally used in the short term to support the elimination of feces and subsequently the elimination of toxins. Recent research suggests that Cape Aloe supports gastrointestinal regularity and is well tolerated. Administration of the herb in animals showed no negative toxicological

2012. Jan;5(1):51-54. http://www.bioline.org.br/request?pt06008. Accessed June18, phytomedicinefromIndia.well-known IranianJPharmacol Ther. 2006 Mukherjee PK, S, RaiS, etal. Bhattacharyya of Clinicalstudy “triphala” –a gamma-radiation. Phytomedicine . 2002Mar;9(2):99-108. [PMID: 11995956] effect of Triphala drug)inthemiceexposedto rejuvenating (an ayurvedic GC,Jagetia BaligaMS, KJ, Malagi etal. oftheradioprotective The evaluation Toxicol. 2011May;30(5):425-31. [PMID: 20498033] extract of Aloe feroxMill.. rats inloperamide-induced constipated HumExp Wintola OA, Sunmonu TO, Afolayan AJ. Toxicological ofaqueous evaluation Sept;5(18):1652-1654. of constituentsfromtheleaves volatile Aloe ferox. AfrJBiotechnol. 2006 ML,Magwa GundidzaM, CoopoosamyRM, etal. Chemicalcompositionof 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide, human disease. Front Biosci . 2004Jan1;9:262-76. [PMID: 14766364] Laires MJ, MonteiroCP, BichoM. inhealthand Roleofcellularmagnesium Sep; 16(3):183-91. [PMID: 14596323] inarandomised,other Mgpreparations double-blindstudy. Res. Magnes 2003 Walker AF, MarakisG, ChristieS, etal. than foundmorebioavailable Mgcitrate Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-257

10/12/12 ™ ConjuLean 1000 Blood Sugar Support Patented Conjugated Linoleic Acid in a Pure 78% Form Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Body Composition*

»» May Help Decrease Catabolic Effect of Training on Muscle Protein* Cytokine Balance Support »» May Support the Body’s Normal Response to Inflammation*

ConjuLean 1000™ is a patented form of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The yield of CLA is at least 78%, providing 1.56 g of pure CLA per serving. Animal and human studies suggest that CLA may reduce body fat and help maintain healthy body composition and lean muscle mass. ConjuLean 1000 is guaranteed to provide the highest levels of pure CLA and contains those isomers that are most commonly associated with positive health benefits. While CLA in the diet is found primarily in dairy products and beef fat, ConjuLean 1000 is derived from pure, non-GMO safflower oil.* Sports Nutrition

Available in 120 softgels Discussion Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid found in small amounts fat percentage even in normal weight subjects. Without changing in the human diet and can amount to an estimated average intake of diet, calorie intake, or lifestyle, the group consuming 2.4 g CLA in 0.35-0.43 g CLA per day.[1] Research using higher doses of CLA (via an RDBPC study experienced a decrease in body fat from 21.3 to supplementation) suggests that it reduces body fat in a dose-related 17% (representative of a 15-20% reduction in fat but no change in manner. A 2007 meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo- weight) while the placebo group experienced an increase in body controlled (RDBPC) human trials revealed that a mean dose of 3.2 g fat.[8,9] In fact, when calories are restricted by more than 200 per Weight Management CLA per day produced modest fat loss in human subjects.[2] Four day, hypocaloric intake appears to negate the effects of CLA on fat capsules of ConjuLean 1000 provides 3.12 g of CLA in a 50:50 ratio loss.[10] Although the mechanism of action of CLA is not completely of cis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11) and trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12) isomers, the understood in humans, animal studies suggest that CLA upregulates composition commonly used in clinical studies. Though c9,t11 is the gene expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and lipid principal CLA isomer found in food, t10,c12 appears to specifically metabolizing proteins. These modifications ultimately contribute affect fat cells by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and stearoyl-CoA to reduced fat mass and increased LBM. CLA affects peroxisome desaturase, resulting in reduced uptake of lipids into adipocytes.*[3] proliferator-activated receptors as well. These nuclear receptors are found to regulate metabolic processes in the cell.*[11] A three-month RDBPC study of 60 overweight or obese volunteers was conducted utilizing various doses of CLA. A significantly higher A seven-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study reduction in body fat mass (BFM) was seen in all CLA groups addressing the effects of 5 g/day of CLA on muscle resistance training compared to placebo. However, no further reduction in BFM occurred suggested that the CLA group had a significant increase in lean tissue with doses >3.4 g/day.[4] A six-month clinical trial suggested mass, a significant decrease in fat mass, and a “lessening of the that fat loss from CLA supplementation occurred primarily in the catabolic effect of training on muscle protein.”[12] A study of 44 healthy abdominal area and legs of females and in the abdomen of males young women suggested that supplementing with 3.6 g of CLA alone without specific diet or exercise efforts. No adverse effects on blood or with exercise helped maintain healthy glucose metabolism as parameters or insulin sensitivity were observed.[5] In 2004, a long- well.*[13] term RDBPC study was performed in healthy, overweight subjects. After 12 months, BFM was significantly reduced in subjects receiving Research on the effects of CLA on the body’s normal response to CLA (50:50 ratio of c9,t11 and t10,c12) in both triacylglycerol and free inflammation suggests a positive effect on cytokine balance (increased fatty acid form when compared to placebo. Statistical significance anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased proinflammatory was observed as early as six months and increased as the study cytokines). CLA is believed to inhibit COX-2 enzymes and the synthesis progressed. Lean body mass (LBM) was significantly higher in the free of proinflammatory prostaglandins.[14,15] Supplementation with 2.5 g fatty acid form of CLA (the form in ConjuLean 1000) when compared of CLA for three months produced statistically significant test results to placebo; LBM in the triacylglycerol CLA supplemented group did that reflected a decrease in joint discomfort and stiffness. When not differ from placebo.[6] A 12-month extension study suggested that combined with alpha-tocopherol, supplementation with CLA produced long-term CLA supplementation decreased BFM, was well tolerated, a significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).*[16] and helped maintain reductions in body fat and weight over time.*[7]

Interestingly, CLA supplementation was found to decrease body

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Weight Management Sports Nutrition Cytokine Balance Support Blood Sugar Support STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisbroken. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetotwosoftgelstwicedailywithfood, orasdirectedby © XYMOGEN ConjuLean 1000 † ** DailyValue notestablished. Conjugated LinoleicAcid(CLA) Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:2Softgels Serving Other ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,caramel,purifiedwater, andmixednaturaltocopherols. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 1.56 g 2 g 20 20 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 3% ** † 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.

31;1533(3):233-42. [PMID: 11731333] receptoralpha-nullmice.Biophys Acta.activated Biochim 2001Oct compositionandtargetgeneexpressioninperoxisomeproliferator-on body Peters JM, Park Y, GonzalezFJ, etal. linoleic acid Influenceofconjugated org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.12.002. Food Compositionand Analysis. Dec2009;22(Suppl):S4-S12. http://dx.doi. Park Y. linoleicacid(CLA): Conjugated Journalof Goodorbadtransfat? 11725826] in healthyexercisinghumans. JIntMedRes. 2001Sep-Oct;29(5):392-6. [PMID: Thom E, Wadstein J, GudmundsenO. fat linoleicacidreducesbody Conjugated Patients. ChurchillLivingstone;2002. Pizzorna, LU, Pizzorno, JE, MurrayMT. MedicineInstructionsfor Natural overweight humans. JNutr. 2005 Apr;135(4):778-84. [PMID: 15795434] massinhealthy, fat byandreducesbody acid for24monthsiswelltolerated Gaullier JM, HalseJ, K, Høye etal. linoleic withconjugated Supplementation Jun;79(6):1118-25. [PMID: 15159244] massinhealthyoverweighthumans. fat 1 yreducesbody AmJClinNutr. 2004 Gaullier JM, HalseJ, K, Høye etal. for linoleicacidsupplementation Conjugated August 16, 2012. Clarinol. http://www.clarinol.com/HealthBenefits/ResearchResults/. Accessed Dec;130(12):2943-8. [PMID: 11110851] massinoverweightandobesehumans. fat reduces body JNutr. 2000 Blankson H, StakkestadJA, Fagertun H, etal. linoleicacid Conjugated linoleic acid. ProgLipidRes. 2001Jul;40(4):283-98. [PMID: 11412893] Pariza MW, Park Y, CookME. The biologicallyactiveisomersofconjugated May;85(5):1203-11. [PMID: 17490954] mass:for reducingfat a meta-analysis inhumans. AmJClinNutr. 2007 Whigham LD, Watras AC, SchoellerDA. Efficacy linoleicacid ofconjugated asp#undefined.13,2012. AccessedAugust com/databases/herbssupplements/patient-conjugatedlinoleicacid. StandardDatabase.Natural Linoleic Conjugated Acid. http://naturalstandard. 20374312] arthritis.with activerheumatoid IntJRheumDis. 2009 Apr;12(1):20-8. [PMID: ontheclinicalvitamin Eandtheircombination outcomeofIranianadults N,Aryaeian ShahramF, DjalaliM, etal. linoleicacids, Effect ofconjugated [PMID: 15674307] function inyounghealthyvolunteers. EurJClinNutr.2005Apr;59(4):508-17. Song HJ, GrantI, RotondoD, etal. onimmune EffectofCLAsupplementation Lipid Res. 2005Oct;46(10):2134-42. [PMID: 16061956] lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase expressioninvitroandvivo. J Li G, BarnesD, ButzD, etal. linoleicacidinhibits 10t,12c-conjugated [PMID: 17119522] leptin andinsulinlevels. JSportsMedPhysFitness . 2006Dec;46(4):570-7. linoleic acidandexerciseonendurancedevelopment, composition, body serum Colakoglu S, ColakogluM, Taneli F, etal. effectsofconjugated Cumulative Feb;38(2):339-48. [PMID: 16531905] duringresistancetraining.acid supplementation MedSciSportsExerc. 2006 Pinkoski C, ChilibeckPD, DG, Candow etal. linoleic The effectsofconjugated Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-145

08/24/12 Joint & Muscle Support Sports Nutrition [5] The cutaneous penetration of linalool is [4] [3] is a gel that of a blend of botanical extracts that consists is is salicylate-free. ™ ™ used for muscle and joint relief. It has a pleasant scent and provides a It has a and joint relief. used for muscle cooling sensation the skin when applied.* on Coolsens Supports Muscular and Joint Relief* Supports Muscular and Coolsens » Origanum majorana: Marjoram (Origanum majorana) is an aromatic plant related to relaxation. namely it has many properties, Traditionally, oregano. the essential oil of Origanum majorana from a monoterpene, Linalool, antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive possesses anti-inflammatory, It has demonstrated local anaesthetic activity and an ability properties. to block NMDA receptors. Clinical Application Clinical » in the mouse hot-plate. The antinociceptive effect of menthol was The antinociceptive in the mouse hot-plate. mediated through a selective activation of kappa-opioid receptors. in their local anesthetic Both enantiomers were found to be equiactive of topical pain relief medications Menthol is found in a range activity. It and local anesthetic properties. because of its counter-irritant has been shown to increase cutaneous blood flow the site of at The vasodilatation results in an increase in skin its application. temperature similar to that in superficial heat experienced therapies. explaining the analgesia Even though the exact mechanism of action selective activation of a pain receptor) remains to be elucidated (e.g., the potential of this natural alcohol to act locally has been well established.* Eucalyptus globulus (leaf oil): 180 feet tall tree nativeBlue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus) is a 100 to treatment of It has many traditional uses including Australia. to globulus contains cineole, The oil of Eucalyptus rheumatic pain. this In mice, a monoterpene that has antinociceptive properties. monoterpene demonstrated antinociceptive activity comparable to that of morphine.* effective in both pure essential oils or topical formulations applied to the skin.* Ethanolamine: Ethanolamine helps form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of substances to be emulsified so that hydrosoluble ingredients can be Ethanolamine is also used to mixed with soluble ingredients in the oil. control pH in cosmetics and personal care products.* PATENTED •

1,0 0,8 95% ...* 90% After ™ , a [1] ™ 0,6 76% 62% 60% 0,4 EXCLUSIVE 0,2 0,0 ™ and performed by Stephens and , the Mentha piperita causes a feeling , ™ ™ Available in 3.5 ounces Available next workout is a proprietary blend of botanical extracts that ™ . Furthermore, the subjects thought that the subjects Coolsens Furthermore, . , a member of XYMOGEN’s Exclusive and Patented (“EP”) and Patented Exclusive a member of XYMOGEN’s , ™ ™ Did not leavesticky residue a

demonstrated antinociceptive effect of menthol in animal the Absorbed quickly into their skin [2] Provided relief to their sore joints Relieved their tired achy muscles

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, is not intended to diagnose, treat, This product Helped their joints feel ready for the Study sponsored by Biotanika Associates. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. topical application of Coolsens line, is the result of XYMOGEN’s partnership with Biotanika is the result of XYMOGEN’s line, was tested on humans during a four-week single-blinded controlled was tested on humans during a four-week No skin study of the product. (n=21) to assess the safety clinical scaling, scratching, rash, itching, erythema, burning, reaction (i.e. tightness or tingling) was noted by any subject enrolled in stinging, or immediately of application surrounding the site the study at, of Coolsens Coolsens Discussion

coolsens Muscles Gel for Joints and Cooling of coolness due to stimulation of ‘cold’ receptors through inhibition of coolness due to stimulation of These receptors are of Ca++ currents of neuronal membranes. Menthol has local anaesthetic associated analgesic properties. with properties that have been demonstrated in the relief of minor pain Galeotti when used alone or in combination with other ingredients. et al Mentha piperita: (Mentha piperita) is found throughout much of Europe and Peppermint oil Peppermint It is widely grown for its scented oil. America. North was traditionally used for many discomforts such as cold symptoms, pain and nausea. articular indigestion, headaches, cramps, models of pain: e.g., dose-dependent increase in the pain threshold dose-dependent e.g., models of pain: Canadian company that develops evidence-based natural health Coolsens products. Sports Nutrition Joint & Muscle Support © XYMOGEN reach ofchildren. roomtemperature. Storeat directlytothenasalandchestareas. arrestifapplied Keepoutof respiratory andbronchialspasm, distresswithcyanosis,laryngeal acuterespiratory or especially aroundthenose, becausethementholconstituentcaninduceapnea, Avoid topicalusearoundthefacialorchestareasofinfantsandyoungchildren, CAUTIONS: Avoid contactwitheyes. Donotingest. toopenwounds. Donotapply DOES NOT CONTAIN: Salicylate. For topicaluseonly. DIRECTIONS: freelybeforeand/orafterexercise,Apply work, heavy orasneeded. coolsens majorana, Eucalyptusglobulusleafoil,andDisodiumEDTA. Ingredients: Aqua,Ethanol,Menthapiperitaextract,Ethanolamine,PEG-40castoroil,Origanum ™ SupplementFacts FOR EXTERNALUSEONLY *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. • PATENTED 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References agents.* protect fragrance products. oftheproductand theappearance Italsohelpspreserve ofcosmeticsandpersonalcare binding helpspreventdeterioration Disodium EDTA them. bindswithmetalionsandinactivates This Disodium EDTA: would notnormallydissolve.* is alsousedtodissolveothersubstancesinsolventswhichthey PEG-40 castoroilisusedincosmeticstohelpformemulsions. It PEG-40 castoroil:

http://www.cosmeticsinfo.org, accessedonMay20, 2008 30;497(3):279-84 carrageenan, E2., andprostaglandin L-glutamate EurJPharmacol.2004Aug Peana AT etal.., Effectsof(-)-linaloolintheacutehyperalgesiainducedby 2007 Oct;73(12):1247-54. Epub2007Sep24 the essentialoilofEucalyptuscamaldulensisleaves, inrodents., PlantaMed. Cetal.,Liapi Antinociceptive propertiesof1,8-Cineoleandbeta-pinene, from anaesthetic activityof(+)-and(-)-menthol, PlantaMed. 2001Mar;67(2):174-6 Galeotti N, GhelardiniC, MannelliL, MazzantiG, L, Baghiroli Bartolini A., Local accessed onMay20, 2008 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-peppermint.html, [5] [5]

Rev. (NF) DRS-195

02/08/12 CoQmax CF™ and CoQmax-100 CF™ Antioxidants Proprietary Crystal-Free CoQ10

Clinical Applications

»» Innovative, Soy-Free, Five-Lipid Blend for Enhanced Absorption* »» Support Natural Energy Generation and Mitochondrial Function* Cardiovascular Support »» Support Plasma/Tissue CoQ10 Levels* »» Support Health/Functioning of the Cardiovascular System* »» Support Neuromuscular and Central Nervous System Health*

CoQmax CF™ and CoQmax-100 CF™ are XYMOGEN’s proprietary, crystal-free CoQ10 formulas that offer unparalleled absorption and bioavailability. These formulations have been shown in clinical trials to be over eight times more absorbable than powdered CoQ10 and more than twice as bioavailable as other oil-based or so-called “nano”-dispersed

formulas on the market. The proprietary multilipid carrier employed in Cell-Life Regulation CoQmax CF and CoQmax-100 CF is unmatched for optimal utilization in the support of cardiovascular and energy-based health needs.* CoQmax-100 CF™ is available in 60 softgels CoQmax CF™ is available in 30 softgels & 120 softgels

Discussion

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble substance that plays a major role that myocardial CoQ10 levels were inversely related to heart health and in energy production and antioxidant protection in the body. It is found in function.[15] The Q-SYMBIO results, in fact, supported this association. In the the body primarily in its interchangeable ubiquinone and ubiquinol forms. In randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled Q-SYMBIO study, 420 patients

general, CoQ10 supports mitochondrial energy production, antioxidant activity, were assigned to parallel groups to receive either the CoQ10 found in CoQmax Neurologic & Cognitive cell membrane stabilization, gene expression and apoptosis, and neurological (100 mg three times per day) or placebo. Within three months, researchers and cardiovascular health.[1,2] Levels of CoQ10 in the body can be affected observed a reduction in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), by a number of factors. Dietary contribution of CoQ10 is minimal and serum an important marker of heart health, in the CoQ10 supplemented patients. levels tend to decline with age or can be reduced due to drug-induced nutrient After two years, patients who were supplemented with CoQ10 had significant depletion.*[3-5] cardiovascular improvement overall compared to placebo.*[16,17]

Synthesis of CoQ10 in the body is regulated by the enzyme HMG-CoA CoQmax CF™ and CoQmax-100 CF™ contain a unique, crystal-free, highly reductase. A variety of factors can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and hinder bioavailable form of ubiquinone and represent a new generation of CoQ10 CoQ10 production and availability, resulting in a potential increase in supplementation. This soy-free formulation contains five lipids that help oxidative stress and a decrease in energy generation. In the event of reduced dissolve CoQ10 crystals into single molecules. This process helps stabilize production, or drug-induced nutrient depletion, physicians recommend the formula to prevent re-crystallization and facilitates passive diffusion to supplementation with CoQ10 to help maintain normal levels in the body.[6,7] enhance absorption. Earlier generation supplements were poorly absorbed Supplementation with CoQ10 has been found to promote favorable outcomes (0.6-1.0%), pure crystalline (powdered) forms of CoQ10, which served as the for a targeted group of patients[8] and to improve quality of life, energy levels, industry standard from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s. A variety of forms neurological health maintenance, exercise tolerance, and muscle comfort for a and delivery systems offered somewhat improved absorption (2.3-5%) after wide range of individuals.[1,9] A research study utilizing functional intracellular 1995; however, these forms were unstable and crystallized and therefore assay (FIA) suggested that CoQ10 may be a potential peripheral biomarker of difficult for the body to absorb. The five-lipid carrier, crystal-free CoQ10 in antioxidant status in neurological health maintenance.*[10] XYMOGEN’s CoQmax CF and CoQmax-100 CF represents innovation and improvement in CoQ10 delivery and bioavailability.* Cardiovascular health is particularly dependent upon CoQ10 because of the heart muscle’s exceedingly high energy demand.[3] The value of CoQ10 Figure 1. Plasma CoQ10 Cmax (ug/ml) supplementation on cardiovascular health has been confirmed by ongoing 9 [6,11-13] 8 human research studies. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 7 study utilizing the same bioidentical, naturally yeast-fermented CoQ10 6 5 found in CoQmax formulas was conducted in a select group of 49 patients. 4 3 Researchers observed that supplementation with 100 mg/d of CoQ10 2 1 1.14 3.20 3.20 successfully restored plasma levels and significantly increased total CoQ10 [14] CoQ Dry Powder Three-Lipid Blend CoQmax CF and levels by 127%.* (Version 1) CoQmax-100 CF (New Five-Lipid Blend Results from the highly anticipated Q-SYMBIO research study were reported Formulas) in May 2013. Prior to the Q-SYMBIO study, researchers had observed Continued on next page

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Cell-Life Regulation Cardiovascular Support Antioxidants © XYMOGEN safety. Donotrefrigerate. maycloudtemperature thesoftgels. This doesnotaffecttheformula’s efficacy or STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry Variations in preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating containfat. meals that healthcare practitioner. Optimalresultsmaybeachievedbyconsumingwith DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeltotwotimesdaily, orasdirectedbyyour CoQmax-100 CF safety. Donotrefrigerate. maycloudtemperature thesoftgels. This doesnotaffecttheformula’s efficacy or STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry Variations in preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating containfat. meals that healthcare practitioner. Optimalresultsmaybeachievedbyconsumingwith DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeltotwotimesdaily, orasdirectedbyyour CoQmax CF † ** DailyValue notestablished. Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:1Softgel Serving Coenzyme Q10(asubiquinone)(Kaneka GMO), medium-chaintriglycerides,gelatin,vegetableglycerin,andannatto. blendofpalmiticacid,oleicandlinoleicsaffloweroil(non- Other Ingredients:Proprietary † ** DailyValue notestablished. Coenzyme Q10(asubiquinone)(KanekaQ10 Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:1Softgel Serving GMO), medium-chaintriglycerides,gelatin,vegetableglycerin,andannatto. blendofpalmiticacid,oleicandlinoleicsaffloweroil(non- Other Ingredients:Proprietary Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ SupplementFacts ™ SupplementFacts

™ ™ ) ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 100 mg 50 mg 1.5 g 1 g 10 10 10 10 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value %Daily Value 1% 2% ** ** † † 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. References 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Figure 2.Cmax%DoseAbsorbed

Figure 3.12-HourTotal Absorption(ug) Nanoparticle 3.36% . new-data-CoQ10-improves-survival-heart-failure-patients.aspx Accessed July28, 2013. ://www.escardio.org/congresses/hf2013/congress-to-you/Pages/heart failurepatients.http European SocietyofCardiology. in CoQ10improvessurvival shows Importantnewdata 2013. SessionDetails.aspx?eevtid=61&fp=440&doc=abstract#.UfQgDI2TjSg. 440]. EuropeanJournalofHeartFailure. 201315(S1):S20. http://spo.escardio.org/ mortality inchronicheartfailure. ResultsfromtheQ-SYMBIOstudy. [ESCARDIOabstract Mortensen SA, Kumar A, DollinerP, etal. The effectofCoenzymeQ10onmorbidityand A. 1985 Feb;82(3):901-4. [PMID: 3856239] with coenzymeQ10. ofcardiomyopathy on theeffectivetherapy ProcNatlAcadSciUS Folkers K, Vadhanavikit S, MortensenSA. andmyocardialtissuedata Biochemicalrationale Dec;195(2):e182-89. [PMID: 17681347] arandomizeddouble-blindstudy. withatorvastatin: treated patients Atherosclerosis. 2007 lipoprotein lipid, CoQ10andlivermuscle enzymelevelsinhypercholesterolemic Mabuchi H, Nohara A, Kobayashi J, etal. onplasma Effectsof CoQ10supplementation heart failure: ameta-analysis. AmJClinNutr. 2013 Feb;97(2):268-75. [PMID: 23221577] Fotino AD, Thompson-Paul AM, BazzanoLA. on EffectofcoenzymeQ10supplementation Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):285-9. [PMID: 10416042] Munkholm H, HansenHH, Rasmussen K. inseriousheartfailure. CoenzymeQ10treatment Metab Care. 2005 Nov;8(6):641-6. Review. [PMID: 16205466] Littarru GP, Tiano L. ClinicalaspectsofcoenzymeQ10: anupdate. CurrOpinClinNutr disease. JNeurolSci. 2012Jul15;318(1-2):72-5. [PMID: 22542608] Mischley LK, Allen J, BradleyR. CoenzymeQ10deficiency with inpatients Parkinson’s Neuro EndocrinolLett. 2012;33Suppl2:98-101. [PMID: 23183519] L,Zlatohlavek Vrablik M, GrauovaB, etal. myopathy.The effectofcoenzymeQ10instatin supplementation.role oftherapeutic NutrRev. 2013Mar;71(3):180-8. [PMID: 23452285] Potgieter M, PretoriusE, Pepper MS. coenzymeQ10deficiency: andsecondary Primary the Review. [PMID: 11771674] Crane FL. BiochemicalfunctionsofcoenzymeQ10. JAmCollNutr. 2001Dec;20(6):591-8. Biofactors. 2003;18(1-4):101-11. Review. [PMID: 14695925] depletionofcoenzymeQ10.associated A reviewofanimalandhumanpublications. Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. The clinical useofHMGCoA-reductaseinhibitorsandthe Jun;61(6):889-92. [PMID: 15210526] riskforcardiovasculardiseaseandstroke. at the bloodofpatients Arch Neurol . 2004 Rundek T, Naini A, SaccoR, etal. decreasesthecoenzymeQ10levelin Atorvastatin Q10 levelsinplasma: arandomisedtrial. DrugSaf. 2006;29(8):703-12. [PMID: 16872244] Berthold HK, Naini A, DiMauroS, etal. oncoenzyme Effectofezetimibeand/orsimvastatin ed. Hudson, OH: LexiComp, Inc.;2001. Pelton R, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Drug-InducedNutrientDepletionHandbook. 2nd coq10/. February 2003. March2012. Updated Accessed July25, 2013. Higdon J. CoQ10. LinusPauling Institute. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/ Neurobiol. 2013Jun13. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 23761046] Disorders:Neuropsychiatric Potential Repercussionsand Implications.Therapeutic Mol Morris G, Anderson G, BerkM, etal. CoenzymeQ10DepletioninMedicaland Oil Partially dist 3.4% Oil Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Three-Lipid Blend (Version 1) 7,894 2.86% Liposomal Oil Liposomal 2.2% Water

Dry Powder Dry 2.25% in Oil Blend Formulas) CoQmax-100 CF CoQmax CFand (New Five-Lipid Dry Powder Dry .87% 7,814 Three-Lipid (Version 1) 7.89% Blend Accessed July25, Rev. (RV) DRS-228 Blend Formulas) CoQmax-100 CF CoQmax CFand (New Five-Lipid 7.86%

08/13/13 ™ CoQmax Ubiquinol Antioxidant Activity Bioactive Antioxidant Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Antioxidant Activity in Lymph, Blood, and Cell Membranes* »» Provides Fully Reduced Form of CoQ10* Cardiovascular Support »» Neutralizes Superoxide and Other Free Radicals* »» Patented, Stabilized Form of Ubiquinol*

Ubiquinol, the bioactive form of CoQ10, supports antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals and toxic superoxides. It supports cytoprotection by minimizing membrane lipid peroxidation as well. The patented, lipid-stabilized form of ubiquinol in CoQmax Ubiquinol™ is

present for enhanced bioavailability. Ubiquinol, representing over 90% Neurological & Cognitive of total body CoQ10, is efficiently converted to the energy-generating ubiquinone form as the body needs it.*

Available in 60 softgels Discussion CoQ10 and the CoQ10 cycle play fundamental roles in the body.[3] Related depletion of vitamin E in lymphocytes may raise antioxidant and energy systems of the body. The ubiquinone further concerns about patients’ vulnerability to oxidative stress.*[4] form of CoQ10 is produced in the mitochondria, where it directly participates in energy production by accepting electrons in the Heart Health Research suggests that patients experienced significant electron transport chain. Through the action of an oxidoreductase support of cardiac function after receiving supplemental ubiquinol enzyme, ubiquinone is rapidly converted to ubiquinol, the lipid- (an average 450-580 mg per day). These patients achieved more soluble form that supports antioxidant activity throughout the body. desirable levels of serum CoQ10 when switched from ubiquinone Conversion of ubiquinone to ubiquinol declines with age, particularly to ubiquinol.[5] Researchers suggest that ubiquinol had dramatically after age 40. Supplementation may help maintain normal levels improved absorption. Research on the elderly also appears to indicate of ubiquinol in the body as well as address drug-induced nutrient that supplemental CoQ10 can increase tolerance to aerobic stress in depletion of CoQ10. Until recently, the ubiquinol form had not been cardiac tissue.*[6] effective as a supplement because it was chemically unstable and easily oxidized. CoQmax Ubiquinol™ contains a patented, absorbable Aging The role of CoQ10 in aging has become a topic of great form of ubiquinol that maintains its structure and stability in the interest. Supplementation with both forms of CoQ10—ubiquinone gastrointestinal environment.* and ubiquinol—was studied in a SAMP1 mouse model. Results suggest that the ubiquinol form more effectively raised CoQ10 levels Antioxidant Status Oxidative stress is detrimental to the integrity and in the liver (the main target tissue), followed by kidney, heart, and function of cell membranes and tissues, and ultimately to DNA itself. brain. Ubiquinol also appeared to have a more positive effect on Antioxidant status must be maintained throughout the body in order maintenance of healthy function than did ubiquinone.*[7,8] to protect vulnerable cells. Research indicates that ubiquinol supports antioxidant activity, including the regeneration of vitamins C and E, Kaneka QH™ Stabilized ubiquinol was developed by Kaneka Corporation[9] helping to maintain normal levels of free radical activity in the body. (the world’s largest manufacturer of CoQ10) and was found to be safe and Researchers also suggest a possible role for CoQ10 in redox control of bioavailable following single and multiple doses.*[10] cell signaling and gene expression.*[1]

Cholesterol Antioxidant protection is vital to maintaining the integrity of cholesterol and its role as a precursor to vitamin D, hormones, cell membranes, and brain tissue. Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide released by immune cells, cause the oxidation of cholesterol and can turn a vital biochemical precursor into a toxin.*[2]

CoQ10 Depletion Serum CoQ10 levels decline with age but are also reduced with inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, an enzyme essential to CoQ10 production. In the event of reduced production, or drug-induced nutrient depletion, physicians recommend supplementation with CoQ10 to help maintain normal levels in the

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurological & Cognitive Cardiovascular Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, products, dairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetotwosoftgelsdaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare CoQmax Ubiquinol Coenzyme Q10(asubiquinol)(KanekaQH Serving Size:2Softgels Serving The useofAscorbylPalmitateintheformulationiscoveredbyUSpatent6,740,338. Kaneka QH Contains: Soy(lecithin) lecithin, beeswax,andannattoextract. Other Ingredients:Medium-chaintriglycerides,gelatin,glycerin,ascorbylpalmitate,purifiedwater, soy ** DailyValue notestablished. ™ isatrademarkofKanekaCorp.

™ SupplementFacts ™ ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 200 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

16919858] healthy volunteers. RegulToxicolPharmacol. 2007Feb;47(1):19-28. [PMID: to ubiquinol (KanekaQH)aftersingleand4-weekmultipleoraladministration Hosoe K, KitanoM, KishidaH, etal. of onsafetyandbioavailability Study Kaneka QH 16387461] senescence inSAMP1mice. ExpGerontol. 2006Feb;41(2):130-40. [PMID: Yan J, FujiiK, Yao J, etal. decelerates ReducedcoenzymeQ10supplementation 19960455] inSAMP1mice.signature MolNutrFood Res. 2010Jun;54(6):805-15. [PMID: induces aperoxisomeproliferator-activated receptor-alpha geneexpression phenotypiccharacteristicsofsenescenceand of CoenzymeQ10decelerates Schmelzer C, Kubo H, MoriM, etal. withthereducedform Supplementation tissue.human atrial Biofactors . 1999;9(2-4):291-9. [PMID: 10416043] senescent myocardiumtoaerobicandischemicstress: andin studiesinrats Rosenfeldt FL, Pepe S, OuR, tal. CoenzymeQ10improvesthetoleranceof congestive heartfailure. Biofactors. 2008;32(1-4):119-28. [PMID: 19096107] Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. withadvanced Supplementalubiquinolinpatients 2003;18(1-4):113-24. [PMID: 14695926] ubiquinol/ubiquinone withoutaffectingotherantioxidantsandPUFA. Biofactors. Passi S, Stancato A, Aleo E, etal. plasmaandlymphocyte lower Statins publications. Biofactors. 2003;18(1-4):101-11. Review. [PMID: 14695925] depletionofcoenzymeQ10.and theassociated A reviewofanimalandhuman Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. The clinical useofHMGCoA-reductaseinhibitors 9. [PMID: 2537865] lipoproteintoacytotoxin.of low-density JImmunol. 1989Mar15;142(6):1963- lipoproteinandconversion human monocyte-mediated oflow-density oxidation MK,Cathcart McNally AK, MorelDW, etal. in Superoxideanionparticipation Dec;20(6):591-8. Review. [PMID: 11771674] Crane FL. BiochemicalfunctionsofcoenzymeQ10. J Am CollNutr. 2001 2011. ™ Ubiquinol. http://www.kanekaqh.com. Accessed December15, Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-264

06/11/12 ™

Corticare B Adrenal Support Enhanced Support for Coenzyme A Production* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Adrenal Hormone Synthesis* »» Supports Adrenal Physiological Functions*

»» Supports Energy Production* Relaxation & Sleep

Corticare B™ is formulated to support the body’s efforts in adrenal hormone production and energy generation. It provides activated B vitamins, vitamin C, and L-carnitine, as well as BioPerine® to support nutrient absorption. The Quatrefolic®† form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is present for optimal folate bioavailability. L-carnitine enhances activation of pantothenate kinase—the first, most critical enzyme involved in the metabolic conversion of pantothenic acid to coenzyme A.*

Available in 120 capsules & 240 capsules Discussion Pantothenic Acid (as d-calcium pantothenate) Pantothenic L- Carnitine (as tartrate) This conditionally essential nutrient derived acid, a B complex vitamin also known as vitamin B5, occurs as an from lysine is needed for the “carnitine shuttle.” It transports long- unstable oil. Its water-soluble salt, d-calcium pantothenate, is the chain fatty acyl CoA from the outside to the inside of the mitochondria, form most commonly used in supplements. D-calcium pantothenate making it a key nutrient in the production of energy.* is composed of 91.5% pantothenic acid and 7.5% calcium. Among its many physiological functions, pantothenic acid is a precursor to BioPerine® This patented extract of black pepper (Piper nigra) has the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), is an essential cofactor for ATP been shown to significantly enhance the availability of vitamin C and production, and is essential to the adrenal cortex for production of vitamin B6.*[5] glucocorticoids.*

Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and pyridoxine HCl) Corticare B™ provides vitamin B6 as both pyridoxine HCl and activated pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, the form in which B6 is transported in the blood. Physiologically, vitamin B6 influences the adrenal glucocorticoid receptor, stimulates the secretion of adrenal catecholamines, and aids in sodium and potassium balance.*

Vitamin C (as magnesium ascorbate) The release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland in tandem with the body’s physiological response to stress will deplete the relatively large amount of vitamin C typically stored in the adrenal cortex.[1] This vitamin is essential for the synthesis of epinephrine, the hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Epinephrine, in turn, plays a role in the synthesis of aldosterone, the hormone that regulates blood pressure, volume, and pH.*

Folate (as calcium folinate and 5-MTHF) Corticare B provides the activated form of folic acid—5-MTHF as Quatrefolic[2]—to ensure superior bioavailability. Folic acid is important for building and repairing protein that may be broken down by stress hormones. It is also key to the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects mood, appetite, and sleep,[3, 4] all of which are often negatively affected by stress.*

of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® isaregisteredtrademark † ® ) ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 200 mcg 37.5 mg 37.5 mg 375 mg 1.5 mg 75 mg 30 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 1875% 3750% 63% 50% 3% ** ** 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

BioPerine .Companion JClinPsychiatry 2004;6(Suppl1):12-6. [PMID: 16001092] Trivedi MH. The linkbetweendepressionandphysicalsymptoms. PrimCare [PMID: 18950248] anddepression.between folate AlternMedRev. 2008Sep;13(3):216-26. Miller AL. The methylation, neurotransmitter, andantioxidantconnections Quatrefolic Stamford, CT: &Lange;2000. Appleton Murray RK, GrannerDK, MayesPA, etal. Harper’s. Biochemistry 25ed. July 12, 2011. 2010. Accessed July12, 2011. ® - An IngredientofSabinsa. www.bioperine.com. Updated 20,April ® - folate.The fourthgeneration www.quatrefolic.com. Accessed Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-101

08/08/12 ™ CurcuPlex CR Antioxidant Activity Curcumin with Enhanced Bioavailability* Clinical Applications »» Supports Brain and Neuronal Health* »» Supports a Normal Immune Response* Joint & Muscle Support »» Provides Antioxidant and Cell-Protective Activity* »» Supports Healthy Microbial Environment*

CurcuPlex CR™ provides curcumin, a phenolic phytochemical obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa). To significantly enhance curcumin’s naturally poor bioavailability, XYMOGEN combined turmeric extract (95% curcuminoids) with BioPerine®, a patented black pepper extract and natural bio-enhancer, and added a time-release delivery method. The antioxidant, cell-protective, and immunomodulatory properties of Neurologic & Cognitive curcumin have interested researchers for years.*

Available in 60 tablets Discussion The therapeutic effectiveness of curcumin is limited due to its poor Immune Support and Antioxidant Activity Research has absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, rapid metabolism, and demonstrated that curcumin has antioxidant activity, is an immune rapid systemic elimination. Instead of increasing the dose, CurcuPlex cell modulator, and has inhibitory effects on COX-2, iNOS enzymes, CR is formulated to increase the amount of curcumin absorbed and TNF-α, IL, and NF-ĸB[2,3], making it applicable to a wide array of bioavailable. It combines turmeric rhizome extract (95% curcuminoids) clinical presentations. Various animal and human studies support its Cytokine Balance Support with BioPerine, a patented extract of piperine from black pepper fruit. use in promoting health in joints, gastrointestinal mucosa, and the BioPerine has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status and is a eye’s uveal tract.[2-8] Other research suggests curcumin may support clinically validated bio-absorption enhancer. It works by optimizing balanced immune response in the nervous, cardiovascular, GI, and the body’s natural thermogenic activity, thereby selectively providing respiratory systems.[2,3,9] Neurological tissue is particularly susceptible a more efficient mode of nutrient transportation into the blood. to oxidative stress due to its high demand for oxygen, high levels of Piperine improves the bioavailability of curcumin both in preclinical polyunsaturated fatty acids in neural membrane phospholipids, and studies and in studies on human volunteers. At a dose of 2 g curcumin low antioxidant defenses.[10] Exciting new research in the field of brain alone, serum levels were either undetectable or very low in human and neurological health points to the protective effects of curcumin.[10- volunteers. But, curcumin administered with piperine produced 12] Interest in curcumin in this regard is related to its oxidant/immune much higher serum concentrations from 0.25 – one hour after modulating activity and positive effect on brain amyloid plaques. ingestion with a 2000% increase in bioavailability.[1] In animals, co- [10] Typical doses in human studies ranged from 375 mg -1,200 mg administration with piperine significantly increased time to maximum curcumin per day.* serum concentration, while elimination half-life and clearance were significantly decreased.*[1] Cell-Protective In animal models, curcumin has demonstrated desirable activity in promoting normal cell proliferation in many, but Combining BioPerine with curcumin results in significantly increased not all, cell lines.[2,3] Mechanisms appear to include curcumin’s ability utilization of smaller quantities for optimal clinical outcomes. to modulate certain types of cytokines (especially transcription factor But CurcuPlex CR doesn’t stop there. It also employs a patented, NF-ĸB), support detoxification, scavenge free radicals, and to support controlled-release delivery technology that prolongs GI transit time induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.[2,3,13,14] Animal studies, and and increases curcumin’s bioavailability up to 30% over standard Phase I and Phase II clinical trials are encouraging; more clinical trials delivery systems.* are needed and underway.[2] Typical doses in human studies ranged from 450 mg – 3,600 mg curcumin per day for up to four months.* Curcumin is a phenolic phytochemical purified from turmeric (Curcuma longa)—an herb extensively used in both Chinese and Healthy Microbial Environment Curcumin has long been used to Ayurvedic herbology to relieve a variety of complaints. Historically, support a healthy microbial balance; this historical use has been turmeric has been used for its effect on smooth muscle function and supported by more recent in vitro studies.*[2,3,15,16] its ability to improve digestion. More recently, the cell-protecting and immunomodulatory properties of curcumin have become areas of great interest to the scientific community.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cytokine Balance Support Neurologic & Cognitive Joint & Muscle Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, use. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. shouldconsulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriorto receiving cancertreatment Children, women, pregnantandlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinnersor practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetofourtabletsdaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare CurcuPlex CR 5,744,161; 5,972,382;and6,054,585. BioPerine isaregisteredtrademarkofSabinsaCorp.protectedbyUSpatents5,536,506; stearate. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(highviscosity),stearicacid,pharmaceuticalglaze,silica,andmagnesium Other Ingredients:Dicalciumphosphatedihydrate,guargum(highviscosity),microcrystallinecellulose, Turmeric Extract(Curcuma longa)(rhizome)(95%curcuminoids) Black PepperExtract(Pipernigrum)(fruit)(BioPerine Serving Size:4TabletsServing ** DailyValue notestablished.

™ SupplementFacts ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 14 mg 1.4 g %DV ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Neuromolecular Med. 2008;10(4):259-74. [PMID: 19191039] Sun AY, Wang Q, Simonyi A, et al. Botanicalphenolicsandbrainhealth. [PMID: 18628464] cancer.with advancedpancreatic ClinCancerRes. 2008Jul;14(14):4491-99. Dhillon N, Aggarwal BB, NewmanRA, etal. PhaseIItrialofcurcumininpatients 10404539] of chronicanterioruveitis. PhytotherRes. 1999Jun;13(4):318-22. [PMID: Lal B, Kapoor AK, Asthana OP, etal. Efficacy ofcurcumininthemanagement pilot study. DigDisSci. 2005Nov;50(11):2191-93. [PMID:16240238] Holt PR, S, Katz disease: bowel KirshoffR. a ininflammatory Curcumintherapy [PMID: 16562833] arthritis.prevent experimentalrheumatoid Prod. JNat 2006Mar;69(3):351-55. Funk JL, JN, Oyarzo Frye JB, etal. Turmeric extractscontainingcurcuminoids 19878610] disease. bowel BrJNutr.with inflammatory 2010Mar;103(6):824-32. [PMID: metalloproteinase-3 andenhancesIL-10inthemucosaofchildrenadults proteinkinaseactivation,mitogen-activated reducesIL-1betaandmatrix Epstein J, DocenaG, MacDonald TT, etal. Curcuminsuppressesp38 induced colitis. BrJPharmacol. 2003May;139(2):209-18. [PMID: 12770926] turmeric,flavour intrinitrobenzenesulphonicacid- reducesmucosalinjury Ukil A, MaityS, Karmakar S, etal. Curcumin, themajorcomponentoffood Clin Immunol. 2007Jan;27(1):19-35. [PMID: 17211725] GC,Jagetia Aggarwal BB. "Spicingup"oftheimmunesystembycurcumin. J 2009 Jun;14(2):141-53. [PMID: 19594223] Curcuma longa: areviewofpreclinical andclinical research. AlternMedRev. Jurenka JS. propertiesofcurcumin,Anti-inflammatory amajorconstituentof 56. [PMID: 9619120] curcumin inanimalsandhumanvolunteers. PlantaMed1998May;64(4):353- Shoba G, D, Joy Joseph T, et al. Influence ofpiperine on the pharmacokinetics of 19038979] of clinical interest.Chemother. JAntimicrob 2009Feb;63(2):337-39. [PMID: Martins CV, daSilvaDL, Neres AT, etal. Curcuminasapromisingantifungal clinical interest. CanJMicrobiol. 2011Mar;57(3):204-10. [PMID: 21358761] Neelofar K, ShreazS, RimpleB, etal. Curcuminasapromisinganticandidalof 20924967] radioprotector fornormalorgans. NutrCancer. 2010Oct;62(7):919-30. [PMID: chemosensitizer andradiosensitizerfortumorschemoprotector Goel A, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, thegoldenspicefromIndiansaffron, isa [PMID: 9619120] killtumorcellsselectively?AAPSJ.ways cancurry 2009Sep;11(3):495-510. J,Ravindran PrasadS, Aggarwal BB. Curcuminandcancer cells: many how disease. MolCellBiochem. 2011Jan;347(1-2):135-43. [PMID: 20972609] ofbrainmitochondriainvitro:stress anddamage forParkinson's implications nitrosative peroxynitrite-mediated curcumin offersimprovedprotectionagainst Mythri RB, HarishG, DubeySK, etal. polyphenol diesterofthedietary Glutamoyl multiple sclerosis. IntImmunopharmacol. 2011Mar;11(3):323-30. [20828641] Xie L, LiXK, Takahara S. of Curcuminhasbrightprospectsforthetreatment Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-244

05/17/13 D3 Bone Health Support Concentrated D3 in Softgel and Liquid Forms Clinical Applications »» Supports Bone Strength and Dental Health* »» Supports Modulation of Immune Function*

»» Supports Healthy Cell Differentiation* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Neurologic and Cognitive Health* »» Supports Musculoskeletal Comfort* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health and Healthy Blood Sugar Metabolism* »» Supports Vitamin D Repletion in Cases of Dietary Deficiency, Limited Sunlight Exposure, or Use of Depleting Therapies*

D3 2000/5000 is cholecalciferol provided in convenient softgels. D3 Liquid is cholecalciferol derived from lanolin and provided in a liquid base of sunflower oil and purified water. In this liquid formula, vitamin D and sunflower oil are combined using a special micro-emulsification Cell-Life Regulation process designed to create a natural micellized matrix which, when coated by the stomach bile, will encourage absorption.* D3 Liquid is available in 2.03 ounces (60 mL) D3 2000 is available in 120 softgels D3 5000 is available in 90 softgels and 180 softgels Discussion

While vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is made in the skin when and neurodevelopment,[2,3,10,11] healthy glucose metabolism,[2,3] 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with sunlight, many things affect the musculoskeletal comfort,[2,3] periodontal health,[12] and normal degree to which this biosynthesis occurs, including time of day, intestinal immune responses.[8] Areas of research that have gained Immune System Support seasons, location, smog/pollution, clothing, shade of skin (darker momentum over the past several years concern the relationship skin requires more sun), and sunscreen use. Low-cholesterol diets of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency to changes in cellular and certain cholesterol therapies can also affect vitamin D formation. proliferation, changes in fetal brain development, and mental health. By some estimates, one billion people worldwide have vitamin D [7,10,13-15] Evidence is also mounting that vitamin D supplementation deficiency or insufficiency.[1] Reversing deficiency and maintaining may provide key immune support.*[16-19] optimal serum vitamin D levels beneficially impacts biochemistry and numerous body systems; this is largely because calcitriol—the D2, D3, and Metabolites As previously stated, D3 is the form of metabolic product of vitamin D—is a secosteroid hormone that vitamin D produced in the skin. D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from targets over 200 genes in a wide variety of tissues.[2,3] As the research fungal sources by activating ergosterol with ultraviolet light. It is not demonstrates, vitamin D is clearly imperative for the development, naturally present in the human body. After vitamin D is formed in the

growth, and maintenance of a healthy body from gestation to skin or taken orally, it is metabolized into two different substances Joint & Muscle Support senescence.* within the body: calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Calcidiol is the body’s main storage form Bone Health The body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium, and the of vitamin D, while calcitriol (made from calcidoil) is “activated” importance of vitamin D in skeletal health and bone density is well vitamin D. Although D2 and D3 are similar biochemically, a recent established. Although bone density is most often associated with study reported D3 to be approximately 87% more potent in raising and calcium intakes, insufficient vitamin D negatively affects calcium maintaining serum calcidiol concentrations and in producing two- to absorption.[3] Without adequate absorption, the body must take threefold greater storage of vitamin D than did equimolar D2.*[20] calcium from its stores in the skeleton, which weakens existing bone and prevents the formation of strong, new bone. Clinical research shows that taking vitamin D orally with calcium supplements can [4-6]

support healthy bone turnover , and adequate calcium and vitamin Neurologic & Cognitive D throughout life—as part of a well-balanced diet—may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.*

The Expanding Roles of Vitamin D The role of vitamin D in good health continues to expand as the knowledge of this vitamin’s effects on different body systems grows. Research now suggests that optimal serum levels of vitamin D support normal cell differentiation,[3,7] cardiovascular health,[2,3] normal immune function,[8] good balance,[2] healthy mood,[9] normal fetal development,[10] neuronal growth

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Joint & Muscle Support Immune System Support Cell-Life Regulation Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support © XYMOGEN afteropening. STORAGE: Refrigerate children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach preservatives. shellfish, nuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, (plain orinliquid), orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Shakewellbeforeusing. Take onedrop, onetofivetimesdaily D3 LiquidSupplementFacts STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeldaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare D3 5000 STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeldaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare D3 2000SupplementFacts Other Ingredients:Sunfloweroilandpurifiedwater. Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Other Ingredients:Organicextravirginoliveoil(non-GMO),gelatin,glycerin,andpurifiedwater. Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Serving Size:1Drop(0.0394mL) Serving Size:1Softgel Serving Size:1Softgel Serving Other Ingredients: Organicextravirginoliveoil(non-GMO),gelatin,glycerin,andpurifiedwater. Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) ™ SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 1000 IU 2000 IU 5000 IU ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %DailyValue %DailyValue %Daily Value 1250% 500% 250% 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13.

2007 Aug;4(4):216-22. [PMID: 17848979] men. andchronicperiodontitisamongJapanese haplotypes IntJMedSci. Naito M, K, Miyaki Naito T, etal. betweenvitaminDreceptorgene Association Neurobiol. 2010Mar;30(2):161-71. [PMID: 19774457] Currenti SA. ofautism. Understandinganddeterminingtheetiology CellMol Dermatoendocrinol. 2009Jul;1(4):223-28. [PMID: 20592795] vitamin Ddeficiency asariskfactorforthedevelopmentofinfantileautism. Grant WB, SolesCM. Epidemiologicevidencesupportingtheroleofmaternal 2010 Nov;101(2):142-49. [PMID: 18445674] Humble MB. Vitamin D, lightandmentalhealth. JPhotochemPhotobiolB. Gastroenterol. 2011Jan;4(1):49-62. [PMID: 21317994] diseaseandcolorectalcancer.diseases: bowel inflammatory TherapAdv Raman M, Milestone AN, Walters JR, etal. Vitamin Dandgastrointestinal Anticancer Res. 2011Feb;31(2):607-11. [PMID: 21378345] withcancerprevention.serum 25-hydroxyvitamindintherangeassociated Garland CF, French CB, LL, Baggerly etal. Vitamin dsupplementdosesand vitamin D. ClinEndocrinol(Oxf). 2010Sep;73(3):277-85. [PMID: 20796001] Lips P, BouillonR, vanSchoorNM, etal. Reducingfractureriskwithcalciumand 2002;23:560-69. [PMID: 12202471] inpreventingosteoporosispostmenopausalwomen.treatment EndocrRev. postmenopausal osteoporosis. VIII: Meta-analysisoftheefficacy ofvitaminD Papadimitropoulos E, Wells G, SheaB, etal. for Meta-analysesof therapies N EnglJMed. 1997;337:670-76. [PMID: 9278463] orolder. onbonedensityinmenandwomen65yearsofage supplementation B,Dawson-Hughes HarrisSS, KrallEA, etal. EffectofcalciumandvitaminD Sep;3(5):1535-41. [PMID: 18525006] RP.Heany Vitamin Dinhealthanddisease. ClinJAmSocNephrol. 2008 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20. [PMID: 18377099] Cannell JJ, HollisBW. UseofvitaminDinclinical practice. AlternMedRev. Venereol. 2011Mar;91(2):115-24. [PMID: 21384086] Tsiaras WG, Weinstock MA. Factors influencingvitamindstatus. ActaDerm 21177785] d2 inhumans. JClinEndocrinolMetab. 2011Mar;96(3):E447-52. [PMID: Heaney RP, ReckerRR, GroteJ, etal. Vitamin d3ismore potentthanvitamin Res Nurs. 2011Jan17. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 21242196] Grant WB, BoucherBJ. RequirementsforvitaminDacrossthelifespan. Dec;5(12):e15580. [PMID: 21179490] bladder. intheurinary antimicrobial peptidecathelicidin PLoSOne. 2010 Hertting O, Holm Å, LüthjeP, etal. Vitamin Dinductionofthehuman 2011 Mar;50(3):194-200. [PMID: 21242105] Beard JA, Bearden A, StrikerR. Vitamin Dandtheanti-viralstate. JClinVirol. 21171208] Biol Med(Maywood). 2010Dec;235(12):1395-96;discussion1397. [PMID: vitaminDreducestheriskofselectedbacterialandviralinfections.that Exp Grant WB, GoldsteinM, MascitelliL. Ample evidenceexistsfromhuman studies 21324518] cancer risk. GynecolOncol.2011Feb 14. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: Yin L, GrandiN, RaumE, etal. Meta-analysis: vitaminDandovarian circulating ijc.25439. [PMID: 20473927] and colorectaladenoma. IntJCancer. 2011Mar;128(6):1414-24. doi: 10.1002/ serum 25-hydroxyvitaminDlevelsandcolorectal, cancer breastandprostate Gandini S, BoniolM, HaukkaJ, etal. studiesof Meta-analysisofobservational 78. [PMID: 20833696] risk ofschizophrenia: a10-yearupdate. SchizophrBull. 2010Nov;36(6):1073- JJ,McGrath Burne TH, Féron F, etal. DevelopmentalvitaminDdeficiency and Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-190

Biol 11/08/12 D3 Vegan 1000 Bone Health Support 100% Plant-Derived Cholecalciferol Clinical Applications »» Provides a Vegetarian/Vegan Source of D3 »» Supports Bone and Dental Health*

»» Supports Healthy Immune Function* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Neurologic and Cognitive Health* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health and Healthy Blood Sugar Metabolism* »» Supports Vitamin D Repletion in Cases of Dietary Deficiency, Limited Sunlight Exposure, or Use of Depleting Therapies*

D3 Vegan 1000 is a 100% vegan-suitable, plant-derived vitamin D3 formula. It provides cholecalciferol derived from a special organic lichen—a complex plant consisting of a fungus that grows symbiotically

with algae. Vitamin D3 is the bioidentical form of vitamin D synthesized Cell-Life Regulation in the body from cholesterol following activation by the UV rays in sunlight. This form is excellent for maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D in the body.*

D3 Vegan 1000 is available in 60 vegetarian softgels Discussion For a vegetarian or vegan, meeting vitamin D needs can be Bone Health and the Expanding Roles of Vitamin D The body challenging. This is because most vitamin D supplements are needs vitamin D to absorb calcium, and the importance of vitamin derived from lanolin found in sheep’s wool. Fish oil is a common D in skeletal health and bone density is well-established. Although Immune System Support source of vitamin D as well. While vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) can be bone density is most often associated with calcium intake, insufficient obtained from plant sources, such as yeasts or mushrooms treated vitamin D negatively affects calcium absorption.[2-5] Without adequate with ultraviolet light, many practitioners and patients prefer D3 absorption, the body must take calcium from its stores in the skeleton, (cholecalciferol). D3 is often selected because it is the form naturally which weakens existing bone and prevents the formation of strong, produced by the body when skin is exposed to sunlight and because new bone.* research suggests it produces more sustained blood levels of vitamin D and is therefore more potent.*[1] The role of vitamin D in good health continues to be revealed as the knowledge of this vitamin’s effects on different body systems While the skin makes vitamin D, many things affect the degree to expands. Research now suggests that optimal serum levels of vitamin which its biosynthesis occurs, including time of day, seasons, location, D support normal cell differentiation,[2,6] cardiovascular health,[2,3] [7] [3] [8] smog/pollution, clothing, shade of skin (darker skin requires more normal immune function, good balance, healthy mood, normal Joint & Muscle Support sun), and sunscreen use. Low-cholesterol diets and certain cholesterol fetal development,[9] neuronal growth and neurodevelopment,[2,3,9,10] therapies can also inhibit adequate vitamin D formation. By some healthy glucose metabolism,[2,3] musculoskeletal comfort,[2,3] estimates, one billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency periodontal health,[11] and normal intestinal immune response.[7] Areas or insufficiency. With XYMOGEN®’s D3 Vegan 1000, vegetarians and of research that have gained momentum over the past several years vegans—as well as those who prefer a non-lanolin D3—now have a focus on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency to 100% organic, plant-sourced D3 option.* changes in cellular proliferation, changes in fetal brain development, and mental health.[6,9,12-14] Evidence is also mounting that vitamin D Lichen-Derived D3 Recently, it was discovered that cholecalciferol supplementation may provide key immune support.*[15-18] can be obtained for supplementary use from a unique, moss-like plant called lichen. These plants, found the world over, are the result of a Dosing Current understanding is that the physiological requirement of

symbiotic association between a fungus and an algae. This unique vitamin D may be as high as 4000 IU/day for adults. Although the Food Neurologic & Cognitive association bestows upon lichen special attributes that contribute to and Nutrition Board established the tolerable upper intake level (UL) their hearty nature and their ability to accumulate meaningful levels at 2000 IU/day for adults, newer research suggests that this amount of useful nutrients, including vitamin D3. D3 Vegan 1000 comes from is very conservative, and it appears unlikely that toxicity would occur special, organic lichen. To maintain stability and purity, all soil and in healthy adults with doses less than 10,000 IU/day.[19] One study in plant matter is removed from the lichen and the vitamin adolescents showed that 2000 IU daily for one year did not produce D3-rich oil is extracted in a totally light-, heat-, and moisture- toxicity.*[20] controlled environment.

® *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Joint & Muscle Support Immune System Support Cell-Life Regulation Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support © XYMOGEN within 3monthsofopening. Refrigeration, whilenotrequired, willhelptomaintainmaximumfreshness. Use STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. genetically modifiedorganisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfrom DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, protein, soy animalordairy damaged. Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Donotuseiftampersealis practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeldaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare D3 Vegan 1000SupplementFacts cornstarch, carrageenan,vegetableglycerin,sorbitol,andpurifiedwater). Other Ingredients:Sunfloweroil,d-alphatocopherol,andvegetariansoftgel(non-GMOmodified Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Serving Size:1Softgel Serving

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 1000 IU ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %DailyValue 250% 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.

Aug;4(4):216-22. [PMID: 17848979] men. andchronicperiodontitisamongJapanese haplotypes IntJMedSci. 2007 Naito M, K, Miyaki Naito T, etal. betweenvitaminDreceptorgene Association Neurobiol. 2010Mar;30(2):161-71. [PMID: 19774457] Currenti SA. ofautism. Understandinganddeterminingtheetiology CellMol .Dermatoendocrinol 2009Jul;1(4):223-28. [PMID: 20592795] vitamin Ddeficiency asariskfactorforthedevelopmentofinfantileautism. Grant WB, SolesCM. Epidemiologicevidencesupportingtheroleofmaternal Nov;101(2):142-49. [PMID: 18445674] Humble MB. Vitamin D, lightandmentalhealth. JPhotochemPhotobiolB. 2010 Gastroenterol. 2011Jan;4(1):49-62. [PMID: 21317994] diseaseandcolorectalcancer.diseases: bowel inflammatory Adv Therap Raman M, Milestone AN, Walters JR, etal. Vitamin Dandgastrointestinal Anticancer Res. 2011Feb;31(2):607-11. [PMID: 21378345] withcancerprevention.serum 25-hydroxyvitamindintherangeassociated Garland CF, French CB, LL, Baggerly etal. Vitamin dsupplementdosesand vitamin D. ClinEndocrinol(Oxf). 2010Sep;73(3):277-85. [PMID: 20796001] Lips P, BouillonR, vanSchoorNM, etal. Reducingfractureriskwithcalciumand 2002;23:560-69. [PMID: 12202471] inpreventingosteoporosispostmenopausalwomen.treatment EndocrRev. postmenopausal osteoporosis. VIII: Meta-analysisoftheefficacy ofvitaminD Papadimitropoulos E, Wells G, SheaB, etal. for Meta-analysesof therapies Mar;13(1):6-20. [PMID: 18377099] Cannell JJ, HollisBW. UseofvitaminDinclinical practice. AlternMedRev. 2008 Sep;3(5):1535-41. [PMID: 18525006] RP.Heany Vitamin Dinhealthanddisease. ClinJ Am SocNephrol. 2008 21177785] d2 inhumans. JClinEndocrinolMetab. 2011Mar;96(3):E447-52. [PMID: Heaney RP, ReckerRR, GroteJ, etal. Vitamin d3ismorepotentthanvitamin Metab. 2008Jul;93(7):2693-701. [PMID: 18445674] inschoolchildren.high-dose vitaminD3supplementation JClinEndocrinol Maalouf J, NabulsiM, Vieth R, etal. Short-termandlong-termsafetyofweekly 17426097] sun exposure. JClinEndocrinolMetab . 2007Jun;92(6):2130-35. [PMID: Binkley N, R, Novotny KruegerD, etal. despiteabundant vitaminD status Low Nurs. 2011Jan17. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 21242196] Grant WB, BoucherBJ. Requirements for vitaminDacrossthelifespan. Dec;5(12):e15580. [PMID: 21179490] bladder. intheurinary antimicrobial peptidecathelicidin PLoSOne. 2010 Hertting O, Holm Å, LüthjeP, etal. Vitamin Dinductionofthehuman 2011 Mar;50(3):194-200. [PMID: 21242105] Beard JA, Bearden A, StrikerR. Clin Virol. Vitamin Dandtheanti-viralstate. J 21171208] Biol Med(Maywood). 2010Dec;235(12):1395-96;discussion1397. [PMID: vitaminDreducestheriskofselectedbacterialandviralinfections.that Exp Grant WB, GoldsteinM, MascitelliL. Ample evidenceexistsfromhuman studies 21324518] ovarian cancerrisk. GynecolOncol. 2011Feb 14. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: Yin L, GrandiN, RaumE, etal. Meta-analysis: vitaminDand circulating ijc.25439. [PMID: 20473927] and colorectaladenoma. IntJCancer. 2011Mar;128(6):1414-24. doi: 10.1002/ serum 25-hydroxyvitaminDlevelsandcolorectal, cancer breastandprostate Gandini S, BoniolM, HaukkaJ, etal. studiesof Meta-analysisofobservational 78. [PMID: 20833696] risk ofschizophrenia: a10-yearupdate. SchizophrBull. 2010Nov;36(6):1073- JJ,McGrath Burne TH, Féron F, etal. DevelopmentalvitaminDdeficiency and Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-276

07/25/13 Biol Res DHA from Algae Cardiovascular Support Supports Brain, Eye, and Immune Health* Clinical Applications »» Provides Supplemental Omega-3 DHA from a Non-Fish Source* »» Provides DHA for Use in Brain, Eye, and Cell Membrane Development and Function* »» Supports Immune Health and the Body’s Natural Response to Fatty Acids Essential Inflammation* »» Supports Healthy Blood Lipid Levels Already Within the Normal Range*

Dr. Perlmutter’s DHA from Algae contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a conditionally essential omega-3 fatty acid. DHA is highly concentrated in brain synaptosomes, the cerebral cortex, mitochondria, and retina. It plays an important role in the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes and cellular communication, and supports optimal function of the brain, eyes, and immune system. This patented, processed formula is derived from marine algae.* Neurologic & Cognitive

DHA from Algae is available in 60 vegetarian softgels DHA from Algae for Kids is available in 90 vegetarian softgels Discussion Algae are the original source of EPA/DHA in aquatic ecosystems. Certain microalgae produce high levels of EPA or DHA. Dr. Perlmutter’s DHA from Algae is organically produced from a DHA-rich microalgae Manufacturing Process Flow Diagram: fermented broth. Clinical trials with DHA-rich oil indicate a favorable comparison to fish oil.* Algal Broth Fermentation Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a critical role in the normal development and functioning of the brain and central nervous system, with the conditionally essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) believed to be vital to pre- and post-natal brain development. DHA is transferred directly to the fetus during Algal Oil Extraction pregnancy, especially during the last trimester, and is supplied to the and Recovery infant in mother’s breast milk after birth. Functioning exclusively via cell membranes and anchored by phospholipid molecules, PUFAs such as DHA are involved in numerous processes affecting membrane fluidity and gene regulation. DHA is the primary structural fatty acid in the brain’s gray matter (~60%) and the eye’s retina, optimizing Refining, Bleaching, signal transmission in these organs and the overall nervous system. Cold Filtration, Approximately 50% of a neuronal membrane’s weight is DHA. Odor Removal Adequate levels of DHA are believed to support healthy memory, cognition, night vision, and mood. DHA also has immune-modulating properties and helps balance the body’s normal response to inflammation. Studies using algal DHA suggest it may play a role in Standardization with HOSO cardiovascular health, especially with respect to maintaining healthy and Antioxidant Addition lipid levels already within the normal range and supporting normal resistance to oxidative stress.*

Eco-friendly, XYMOGEN’s DHA from Algae and DHA from Algae for Kids meet high standards, including AIB International Consolidated Standards for Inspection of Prerequisites and Food Safety Programs, Filtration and Packaging Proposition 65, and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/ International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The DHA is extracted from a fermented algal broth and processed without any heat exposure.* (See diagram for details)

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Essential Fatty Acids Cardiovascular Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry of children. CAUTION: Consultwithyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach products,or dairy artificialcolors,sweeteners orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, fish/shellfish, animal healthcare practitioner. Directions: Take onevegetariansoftgeldailywithamealorasdirectedbyyour DHA fromAlgaeforKidsSupplementFacts STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onevegetariansoftgeldailywithameal, orasdirectedby DHA fromAlgaeSupplementFacts DHA (docosahexaenoicacidfromalgaloil) Protected byUSpatents5,407,957and5,492,938. water, naturalcaramelcolor, andnaturalbeta-carotenecolor). (antioxidants) inavegetariancapsule(carrageenan,non-GMOmodifiedcornstarch, sorbitol,glycerin, Other Ingredients:Higholeicsunfloweroil,lecithin,andtocopherolsascorbylpalmitate ** DailyValue notestablished. Protected byU.S.Patent:5,407,957and5,492,938 water, naturalcaramelcolorandbeta-carotenecolor). (antioxidants) inavegetariancapsule(carrageenan,non-GMOmodifiedcornstarch, sorbitol,glycerin, Other Ingredients:Higholeicsunfloweroil,lecithin,tocopherolsandascorbylpalmitate DHA (docosahexaenoicacidfromalgaloil) Serving Size:1VegetarianServing Softgel † Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:1VegetarianServing Softgel Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 200 mg 0.5 g 100 mg 5 5 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value %Daily Value 1% ** ** † 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Apr;16(2):183-92. [PMID:19145206] triglyceride levelsandothercardiovascularriskfactors. AmJTher. 2009Mar- Ryan AS, etal. ofalgal-docosahexaenoicacid: Clinicaloverview effectson 2009 Oct;28(5):525-42. Review[PMID: 20439549] evidence fromameta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials. JAmCollNutr. indepression: acidsupplementation fatty omega-3 longchainpolyunsaturated Martins JG. EPA toberesponsiblefortheefficacy butnotDHAappears of ahead ofprint[PMID: 20740395] and Omega-3Fatty Acids. KlinMonblAugenheilkd. 2010 Aug 25epublished Micronutrients andtheirRelevancefortheEye-FunctionofLutein, Zeaxanthin acidsindyslexia.fatty JMedFood. 2007Dec;10(4):662-6. [PMID: 18158838] Lindmark L, CloughP. withlong-chainpolyunsaturated A 5-monthopenstudy [PMID: 21091953] Rev. 2010Dec;68Suppl2:S88-101. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00344.x. ofbrainsynapses. precursorstoincreaseformation and otherphosphatide Nutr Wurtman RJ, etal.aging brainfunction: Nutritionalmodifiersof useofuridine 16770950] acids.fatty NutrRev. 2006May;64(5Pt2):S24-33;discussionS72-91. [PMID: Uauy R, Dangour AD. Nutritioninbraindevelopmentandaging: roleofessential 2):S102-S111 doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00345.x Cole, GM, brain. etal. acidsandtheaging fatty NutrRev. Dietary 68(Suppl. Feb;169(2):149-64. Epub2009 Aug 12[PMID: 19672626] (PUFAs) ofchildren. forthedevelopmentandbehaviour EurJPediatr. 2010 Schuchardt JP, etal. acids fatty Significanceoflong-chainpolyunsaturated Diabetes Rev. 2007 Aug;3(3):198-203. [PMID: 18220672] considering microalgaeoilasavegetariansourceofEPA andDHA. Curr Doughman SD, etal. acidsfornutritionandmedicine: Omega-3fatty Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-237

08/12/13 ™ DIMension 3 Antioxidant Activity Proprietary DIM, Curcumin, BioPerine® Formula Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Estrogen Metabolism in Females and Males* »» Supports Detoxification of Xenoestrogens*

»» Provides Support for Antioxidant Mechanisms* Cell-Life Regulation

DIMension 3™ represents a three-dimensional approach to supporting healthy estrogen metabolism. Research suggests that diindolylmethane (DIM), curcumin (from turmeric extract), and the patented black pepper extract BioPerine® support balanced estrogen metabolism.* Detoxification

Available in 120 capsules Discussion DIM (3,3’-diindolylmethane) is the stable, bioactive metabolite detoxification. Research on DIM suggests that it plays an important formed when stomach acid breaks down indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a role in activating detoxification enzymes in human hepatocytes, further sulfur-containing glucosinolate present in cruciferous vegetables.[1] supporting biotransformation at a primary site in the body.*[12] Supplementation with DIM is preferred over I3C due to I3C’s undesirable breakdown products, including the dioxin-like molecule Curcumin As the major curcuminoid found in turmeric, curcumin is indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ). [2] DIM has been found to support valued for its promotion of antioxidant activity, support of metabolic hormone metabolism and immune activity, and stimulate antioxidant detoxification, and modulation of cytokine production.[13] Research Female Health and detoxification systems.[3] Curcumin and BioPerine® provide studying genotoxic estrogen metabolites suggests that curcumin’s complementary support for DIM’s role in healthy cell function.* inhibitory effect on anchorage-independent growth and on CYP enzymes following dioxin exposure helps support healthy cell-life Support of Hormone Metabolism Healthy metabolism of exogenous regulation in human embryonic kidney cells and normal prostate and endogenous estrogens can be pivotal for hormonal balance.[4] DIM cells.*[14] promotes metabolism of estrogen into the favorable and protective 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE) metabolite versus production of BioPerine is a patented form of piperine, the main alkaloid from black 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE) and 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone (16-alpha- and long pepper plants that has been found to effectively support the OHE) metabolites.[5] DIM’s influence on 2-OHE production creates absorption of nutrients. After a dose of 2 g of curcumin, human serum a more desirable ratio of 2-OHE to 16-alpha-OHE. Assessment levels of curcumin were either undetectable or very low. When the

of 2:16-alpha-OHE ratio appears to be useful in evaluating breast same dose was given along with 20 mg of piperine (4:1 ratio), there Male Health health.[6] DIM has been studied for its role in supporting prostate was a 2000% increase in the bioavailability of the curcumin without health as well, by reducing dihydrotestosterone binding to androgen adverse effects.*[15] receptors.*[7,8]

Support of Cell Function and Metabolism Orchestration of metabolism by the thyroid gland is dependent on hormone balance. DIM was found to target proteolytic enzymes (MMP-2 and MMP-9), thus supporting the normal function and activity of thyroid cells in vitro.[9] Ongoing research reveals DIM’s positive role in regulation of gene expression, protein production, and cell function. Downregulation of certain proteins (survivin, Bcl-2, and cdc25A) and upregulation of protective proteins (NRF2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1) promoted healthy cell growth.*[10,11]

Antioxidant and Detoxification Support DIMension 3 provides support for both antioxidant and detoxification systems which, in turn, support cellular function and integrity. Antioxidant activity is crucial to counteracting oxidative molecules normally produced during phase I

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Male Health Female Health Detoxification Cell-Life Regulation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy use. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. shouldconsulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriorto receiving cancertreatment Children, women, pregnantandlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinnersor practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare DIMension 3 Black PepperExtract(Pipernigrum)(fruit)(BioPerine DIM (diindolylmethane) Turmeric Extract(Curcuma longa)(rhizome)(95%curcuminoids) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving cellulose, andmedium-chaintriglycerides. Other Ingredients: HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica,microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished.

™ SupplementFacts ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 150 mg 250 mg 2.5 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

2010 Jun;11(6):652-66. [PMID: 20298156] inductionandroleinchemotherapy.mechanism ofapoptosis Drug Targets Curr . Ahmad A, Sakr WA, RahmanKM. Anticancer propertiesofindolecompounds: One. 2011Jan18;6(1):e15879. [PMID: 21267453] MMP-2 andMMP-9aretargetsof3,3'-diindolylmethaneinthyroidcancer. PLoS Rajoria S, SurianoR, George A, etal. modulators Estrogeninducedmetastatic 2003 Jun6;278(23): 21136-45. [PMID: 12665522] cancercells. inhumanprostate is astrongandrogenantagonist JBiolChem. Le HT, SchaldachCM, Firestone GL, etal. Plant-derived3,3’-Diindolylmethane May;19(3):199-203. [PMID: 20010430] cancerdevelopment.in preventionofprostate EurJCancerPrev. 2010 Fares F, Azzam N, B,Appel etal. The potentialefficacy of3,3'-diindolylmethane 19502596] high riskforbreastcancer. Carcinogenesis. 2009Sep;30(9):1532-5. [PMID: Im A, Vogel VG, Ahrendt G, etal. estrogenmetabolitesinwomenat Urinary 93. [PMID: 10963621] adductsandmutations.agents--DNA CancerInstMonogr. JNatl 2000;(27):75- E,Cavalieri Frenkel K, LiehrJG, etal. Estrogensasendogenousgenotoxic metabolites. AlternMedRev. 2002 Apr;7(2):112-29. [PMID: 11991791] estrogen hydroxylated connection: ofurinary forassessingtheratio rationale Lord RS, BongiovanniB, BralleyJA. Estrogenmetabolismandthediet-cancer Pharmacol. 2006Feb;69(2):430-9. [PMID: 16267208] gamma signalingby3,3'-diindolylmethaneinMCF-7breastcancercells. Mol Riby JE, XueL, U, Chatterji etal. ofinterferon- andpotentiation Activation 12419834] a potentialtumorpromoter. Carcinogenesis.2002Nov;23(11):1861-8. [PMID: hepatocytes andactsas primary inrat junctional intercellularcommunication Herrmann S, SeidelinM, BisgaardHC, etal. Indolo[3,2-b]carbazoleinhibitsgap cancer.and prostate InVivo. 2008Jul-Aug;22(4):441-5. [PMID: 18712169] HL.Bradlow Review. inbreast Indole-3-carbinolasachemoprotectiveagent (4):353-6. [PMID: 9619120] of curcumininanimalsandhumanvolunteers. PlantaMed. 1998May;64 Shoba G, D, Joy Joseph T, etal. Influenceofpiperineonthepharmacokinetics [PMID: 19018768] and ARNT.degrading AhR dependently induction inresponseto2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinbyROS- Choi H, Chun YS, Shin YJ, etal. cytochrome Curcuminattenuates P450 2009 Jun;14(2):141-53. [PMID: 19594223] Curcuma longa: areviewofpreclinical andclinical research. AlternMedRev. Jurenka JS. propertiesofcurcumin,Anti-inflammatory amajorconstituentof hepatocytes.primary Xenobiotica. 2004Jul;34(7):619-32. [PMID: 15672752] in geneexpressionofcarcinogen-metabolizingenzymesculturedhuman Gross-Steinmeyer K, PL, Stapleton LiuF, etal. Phytochemical-inducedchanges breast cancercells. CancerRes.2006May1;66(9):4952-60. [PMID: 16651453] in inhibitionandapoptosis target of3,3'-diindolylmethane-inducedcellgrowth Rahman KW, Li Y, Wang Z, etal. asa Geneexpressionprofilingrevealedsurvivin Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Cancer Sci. 2008Dec;99(12):2518-24. Rev. (RV) DRS-158

02/14/13 DioVasc™ Cardiovascular Support Natural Support for Healthy Veins and Microcirculation* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Veins, Capillaries, and Circulation*

»» Helps Promote Normal Lymphatic Drainage* Cytokine Balance Support »» Supports Antioxidant Activity and the Body’s Normal Response to Inflammation* »» Supports Blood Glucose Levels Already Within the Normal Range*

DioVasc™ contains well-researched, citrus-based flavonoids in a unique micronized form for enhanced absorption and bioavailability. Research suggests that these compounds support healthy veins, capillaries, and blood flow; promote healthy lymphatic drainage; and enhance antioxidant activity and the body’s normal response to inflammation. More recent research supports a role for the components of DioVasc in maintaining blood glucose levels already within the normal range and, as Blood Sugar Support a result, healthy kidney structure and function.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Diosmin is a well-researched citrus flavonoid that has been utilized for frequency of vasomotion).[11] A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of MPFF decades to support healthy capillary and vein function as well as healthy over a six-week period suggested that the formula, administered twice daily, microcirculation throughout the body. Diosmin fundamentally helps maintain significantly (p <0.001) supported capillary structure and health and was well the structure and function of the circulatory system, especially vein strength tolerated throughout the study.[12] A double-blind randomized study of 104 and competence.[1] The most promising research results come from a subjects over a three-month period revealed that MPFF at various doses (500 micronized purified flavonoid fraction comprising 450 mg of diosmin and mg, 1000 mg, or 2000 mg per day) significantly supported transcutaneous 50 mg of hesperidin (hesperidin is a precursor to diosmin). This is the same oxygen pressure and venous competence.*[13] ratio and dose found in each DioVasc capsule. The process of micronization (reducing particle size to less than two micrometers in diameter) improves A meta-analysis of five prospective, randomized, controlled studies employing diosmin absorption.*[2] a total of 723 subjects suggested that MPFF promoted healthy tissue integrity when combined with conventional therapy (compression and local Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) appears to support vein health care).[14,15] Similar results were obtained in a multicenter, double-blind, by prolonging the normal effect that the catecholamine norepinephrine has randomized, controlled study of 107 individuals.*[16] on the vessel wall; and this, therefore, promotes venous tone.[3] Research also suggests that MPFF affects the synthesis of prostaglandins and free The worldwide RELIEF program (Reflux assEssment and quaLity of lIfe radicals, as well as leukocyte activation, trapping, and migration. Ultimately improvEment with micronized Flavonoids) studied the effects of MPFF on MPFF supports antioxidant systems and the body’s normal response to more than 5000 participants in 23 countries. A variety of subjects taking inflammation.*[4-7] MPFF over a six-month period showed clinically significant improvements that indicated MPFF’s supportive effect on microcirculation and vein health and Pharmacological and clinical studies suggest that MPFF—on its own and function. These improvements continued throughout the study.*[17] in conjunction with standard therapy—promotes normal lymph drainage, healthy capillary permeability, and favorable microcirculation. Multicenter, Placebo-controlled human trials support the use of MPFF for the maintenance prospective, randomized, controlled studies document the effect of MPFF of healthy metabolic parameters, microcirculation, fluid balance, lymph on maintaining healthy venous sufficiency.[8] Two randomized, double-blind, system function, and albumin retention.[18-20] Results suggest that MPFF placebo-controlled studies conducted over a two-month period demonstrated specifically supports normal capillary filtration, lymphatic albumin resorption, the venotropic nature of DioVasc’s main component. Significant support of and fluid balance at the cellular level. Research on MPFF suggests that its organic and functional parameters occurred along with significant support of positive effects may be extended to various parts of the body.*[21,22] venous hemodynamics.[9] Some studies indicate that favorable results can be achieved within two hours of administration.*[10] Ongoing animal studies suggest that diosmin, the major component found in MPFF, significantly supports blood glucose and insulin levels already within A review of the literature suggests that health-related quality-of-life the normal range and exerts favorable effects on maintaining healthy serum parameters were found to improve with the use of MPFF and were associated hemoglobin.[23,24] Researchers hope to apply these benefits to maintaining with the formula’s support of microcirculation and vein function.[2] A single- healthy metabolic parameters in humans as well.* center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study suggested that MPFF had a positive and protective effect on five study variables (red blood cell aggregation, red blood count, microcirculatory blood flux, and amplitude and

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 500 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.

1:27-33. [PMID: 9477042] insufficiency: activityofDaflon500mg. IntJMicrocircClinExp. 1997;17Suppl disturbancesinchronicvenous haemorheological andmicrocirculatory C,Le Dévéhat Khodabandehlou T, Vimeux M, etal. of Evaluation [PMID: 2698902] experience withDaflon500mg. IntAngiol. 1989Oct-Dec;8(4Suppl):53-9. benefitinchronicvenousinsufficiency?predictive ofatherapeutic Our Tsouderos Y. inclinicalAre thephlebotonicpropertiesshown pharmacology 3053942] Example ofDaflon500mg. IntAngiol. 1988 Apr-Jun;7(2 Suppl):39-43. [PMID: Laurent R, GillyR, Frileux C. ofavenotropicdruginman. Clinicalevaluation 11510597] chronic venousinsufficiency.. Angiology 2001 Aug;52 Suppl1:S49-56. [PMID: Ramelet AA. of ClinicalbenefitsofDaflon500mginthemostseverestages mg ontheirrelease.. Angiology 1994Jun;45(6Pt2):554-9. [PMID: 8203787] Jean T, BodinierMC. involvedininflammation: Mediators effectsofDaflon500 [PMID: 12083462] fractioninischemia/reperfusion. flavonoid Adv ExpMedBiol. 2002;505:181-90. Korthui RJ, GuteDC. actionsofamicronized,Anti-inflammatory purified venous insufficiency.Res . JVasc 1999;36Suppl1:24-36. [PMID: 10474048] Smith PD. inchronic ofinflammation andmediators Neutrophilactivation 2001 Aug;52 Suppl1:S43-7. [PMID: 11510596] venous insufficiency anditscomplications: placeofDaflon500mg.. Angiology Bergan JJ, Schmid-SchönbeinGW, Takase S. tochronic approach Therapeutic 500-mg/. Accessed October12, 2012. org/2011/01/recent-guidelines-in-chronic-venous-disease-the-place-of-daflon- 500 mg.. Phlebolymphology 2011;18:24-29. http://www.phlebolymphology. Pitsch F. Recentguidelinesinchronicvenousdisease: theplaceofDaflon haemorrhoids. Drugs. 2003;63(1):71-100. [PMID: 12487623] a reviewofitsuseinchronicvenousinsufficiency, venousulcersand Lyseng-Williamson KA, Perry CM. fraction: Micronisedpurifiedflavonoid Monograph. Diosmin. AlternMedRev. 2004Sep;9(3):308-11. [PMID: 15387721] Chem BiolInteract. 2012Jan5;195(1):43-51. [PMID: 22056647] stressinduceddiabeticrats. oxidative streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated Srinivasan S, Pari L. effectofdiosmin,Ameliorative against acitrusflavonoid diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2010 Sep;64(7):477-81. [PMID: 20362409] metabolism instreptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced enzymes ofcarbohydrate Pari L, SrinivasanS. key Antihyperglycemic effectofdiosminonhepatic Jun;45(6 Pt2):566-73. [PMID: 8203789] ofacutehemorrhoids.safety ofDaflon500mginthetreatment Cospite M. Double-blind, ofclinical placebo-controlledevaluation activityand [PMID: 9184951] hemorrhoids ofpregnancy. IntJGynaecolObstet. 1997May;57(2):145-51. Buckshee K, Takkar D, Aggarwal N. in internal therapy Micronizedflavonoid 500 mg. IntAngiol. 1989Oct-Dec;8(4Suppl):27-9. [PMID: 2632646] resorption indiabetes. activityofDaflon tothepharmacodynamic Application Behar A, Valensi P, deChampvallinsM, andlymphatic etal. filtration Capillary 1995 Sep;14(3Suppl1):26-31. [PMID: 8919261] Valensi P, Behar A. ofimpairedmicrocirculation. Clinicalimplications IntAngiol. Oct;13(10):882-8. [PMID: 8911782] patients. indiabetic filtration DiabetMed. fractiononcapillary flavonoid 1996 Valensi PE, Behar A, deChampvallinsMM,etal. Effectsofapurified micronized .Angiology 2002May-Jun;53(3):245-56. [PMID: 12025911] Reflux assEssmentandquaLityoflIfeimprovEmentwithmicronizedFlavonoids. Jantet G. Chronicvenousinsufficiency: worldwideresultsoftheRELIEFstudy. patients.. Angiology 1997Jan;48(1):77-85. [PMID: 8995348] ulcer healing: adouble-blind, randomized, controlledversusplacebotrialin107 Guilhou JJ, DereureO, MarzinL, etal. Efficacy ofDaflon500mginvenousleg analysis.. Angiology 2005Sep-Oct;56Suppl1:S33-9. [PMID: 16193225] Smith PC. Daflon500mgandvenouslegulcer: newresultsfromameta- Endovasc Surg. 2005 Aug;30(2):198-208. [PMID: 15936227] fraction.J Vasc withmicronizedpurifiedflavonoid adjunctive therapy Eur Coleridge-Smith P, LokC, Ramelet AA. Venous legulcer: ameta-analysisof [PMID: 8748889] chronic venousinsufficiency. IntJMicrocircClinExp. 1995;15Suppl1:45-9. transcutaneous oximetry: toassessdrugefficacy moderninvestigations in Belcaro G, CesaroneMR, deSanctisMT, etal. LaserDoppler and fragility. IntAngiol. 1993Mar;12(1):69-72. [PMID: 8376915] capillary ofsymptomatic fraction(S5682)inthetreatment active flavonoid Galley P, Thiollet M. A double-blind, placebo-controlledtrialofanewveno- Additional references available upon request

.Angiology 1994 Rev. (RV) DRS-268

04/30/13 DJD Factors™ Joint & Muscle Support Featuring Green-Lipped Mussel Clinical Applications

»» Supports a Healthy Response to Inflammation*

»» Supports Joint Tissue Health* Cytokine Balance Support »» Helps Maintain Healthy Collagen* »» Provides Components Needed for Proteoglycan Formation*

DJD Factors™ features eicosatetraenoic acids derived from New Zealand green-lipped mussels. The green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) contains these naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acids along with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the principal component of cartilage and synovial fluid found in the joints. Hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, MSM (methylsulfonylmethane), and manganese are added to support antioxidant activity, collagen Sports Nutrition biosynthesis, and joint tissue health.* Available in 120 capsules Discussion DJD Factors is a multi-faceted approach to supporting joint health. The response that has been triggered by free radicals, and its ability to ingredients in this formula address many pathways that play important provide sulfur.[10] Sulfur strengthens tissues and cartilage by forming roles in the health of joint tissues, including eicosanoid metabolism, cross-linkages through disulfide bonds in GAGs. In a study performed protection from oxidative stress, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and on 118 subjects, glucosamine and MSM showed better results in collagen synthesis.* supporting joint health and function when combined than when administered individually.[11] The MSM in DJD Factors is provided as Green-Lipped Mussel (GLM) (Perna canaliculus) XYMOGEN’s GLMs OptiMSM®, which is known for its purity, quality, and consistency.* are sourced from clear, unpolluted waters off New Zealand and are tested and guaranteed to be pure. They contain GAGs, the principal Hyaluronic Acid This naturally occurring GAG found in synovial components of cartilage and synovial fluid, as well as eicosatetraenoic fluid helps create a viscous environment to cushion joints and help acid, which promotes a healthy response to inflammation and maintain normal function. It has both cytokine-modulating and supports a healthy joint environment.[1,2] GLMs have been shown to antioxidant properties. Experimental research also suggests that inhibit inflammatory COX-1, COX-2, and lipoxygenase enzymes.[2,3] hyaluronic acid influences cell-signaling in a manner that protects Results of a systematic review of human randomized or placebo- cultured human chondrocytes and collagen biosynthesis.[12,13] A controlled trials of GLM concluded that all trials reported benefit in randomized double-blind controlled trial performed on 40 subjects helping to maintain healthy joint tissue and function.*[1] supplementing with 80 mg/day of a 60% hyaluronic acid compound for eight weeks suggests that it supports physical and social Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Chondroitin Sulfate, and functioning related to joint health.*[14] Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Glucosamine is an amino sugar† that is believed to stimulate chondrocytes (cartilage cells), support Vitamin C and Manganese Vitamin C is essential for every step in the GAG synthesis, incorporate sulfur into cartilage, and induce hyaluronic synthesis of collagen and for maintaining collagen integrity, yet it is acid production.[4,5] As a primary proteoglycan, chondroitin is a major destroyed during collagen biosynthesis. An animal study also suggests component of articular cartilage. It is believed to help cartilage that serum ascorbate levels have an influence on fluid accumulation tissue retain water, which is needed for resistance and elasticity. in the joint.[15] Manganese, provided in this formula as an Albion® Glucosamine and chondroitin may also have protective effects on TRAACS® chelate, is important in the growth and development cartilage.[4,6] Furthermore, meta-analyses of randomized placebo- of normal bone and in the synthesis of cartilage. Studies have controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of chondroitin sulfate demonstrated a supportive, cytokine-modulating effect on joints when in supporting healthy cartilage structure.[7] Animal and human studies glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese are combined.*[16] suggest that glucosamine hydrochloride administration supports healthy levels of GAGs and proteoglycans in cartilage as well as type II †Glucosamine does not appear to have an effect on sugar levels when measured by collagen balance.*[8,9] glucose tolerance tests or hemoglobin A1C readings.[17]

MSM, a naturally occurring, sulfur-containing, water-soluble compound also known as DMSO2, has been shown to remain in the blood up to five times as long as the related compound, DMSO. MSM may help protect cartilage through its effect on the inflammatory

™ SupplementFacts ® ManganeseGlycinateChelate) ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 300 mg 300 mg 500 mg 500 mg 38 mg 15 mg 5 mg

® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 250% 63% ** ** ** ** ** 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9.

Res Ther. 2011Mar16;13(2):R44. [PMID: 21410959] ofglucosamine. osteoarthritisafteradministration collagenase-induced Arthritis Ivanovska N, DimitrovaP. Boneresorptionandremodelinginmurine [PMID: 20399895] trials of2-yearduration.. OsteoarthritisCartilage 2010Jun;18Suppl1:S28-31. osteoarthritis: meta-analysisofrandomizedplacebo-controlled anupdated Hochberg MC. inknee Structure-modifyingeffectsofchondroitinsulfate Jun;70(6):982-89. [PMID: 21367761] double-blind, usingMRI. placebo-controlledpilotstudy AnnRheumDis. 2011 oftherapy: startingasearly6monthsafterinitiation patients arandomised, lesionsinkneeosteoarthritis volumelossandbonemarrow both cartilage Wildi LM, RaynauldJP, Martel-Pelletier J, etal. reduces Chondroitinsulphate ijmm.2011.662. [PMID: 21455564] cells andchondrocytes. IntJMolMed. 2011Jun;27(6):821-7. doi: 10.3892/ uronic acidsontheproductionofglycosaminoglycansbyhumansynovial Igarashi M, I, Kaga Takamori Y, etal. and Effectsofglucosaminederivatives [PMID: 18756654] Dahmer S, SchillerRM. Glucosamine. AmFam Physician . 2008;78(4):471-76. 17543561] Biochem PhysiolBMolBiol. 2007 Aug;147(4):645-56. [PMID: PUFAs fromtheNewZealandgreen-lippedmussel, Perna canaliculus. Comp Treschow AP, HodgesLD, Wright PF, etal. omega-3 Novelanti-inflammatory 17197217] Comp BiochemPhysiolBMolBiol. 2007Mar;146(3):346-56. [PMID: extracts fromtheNewZealandgreen-lippedmussel, Perna canaliculus. McPhee S, HodgesLD, Wright PF, etal. Anti-cyclooxygenase effectsoflipid osteoarthritis. QJM. 2008Mar;101(3):167-79. [PMID: 18222988] supplement Perna of Canaliculus(green-lippedmussel)inthetreatment Brien S, PrescottP, CoghlanB, etal. reviewofthenutritional Systematic lean orobesesubjects. Diabetes. 2006Nov;55(11):3142-50. [PMID: 17065354] in doses doesnotcauseorworseninsulinresistanceendothelialdysfunction R,Muniyappa KarneRJ, HallG, etal. standard Oralglucosamine for6weeksat .Cartilage 2000Sep;8(5):343-50. [PMID: 10966840] ofkneeosteoarthritis. inthemanagement manganese ascorbate Osteoarthritis hydrochloride, and molecularweightsodiumchondroitin sulfate TRH122 low Das A Jr, Hammad TA. Efficacy ofFCHG49glucosamine ofacombination 2003;18(2):185-89. [PMID: 12594012] in arthriticrats: dehydroascorbicandascorbicacidlevels. EurJPharmSci. Simões SI, EleutérioCV, CruzME, etal. MartinsMB. Biochemicalchanges blind placebo-controlledtrial. NutrJ. 2008Jan21;7:3. [PMID: 18208600] quality oflifeinsubjectswithkneeosteoarthritis: apilotrandomizeddouble- onpainreliefand acid(Hyal-Joint) combs withahighcontentofhyaluronic Kalman DS, HeimerM, Valdeon A, etal. extractofchicken Effectofanatural chondrocytes. MolCellBiochem. 2008;308(1-2):57-64. [PMID: 17899316] factor-I biosynthesisinculturedhuman receptorsignalingandcollagen ofbeta(1)-integrinandinsulin-likegrowth interleukin-1-induced deregulation Karna E, Miltyk W, Surazyñski A, etal. acidon Protectiveeffectofhyaluronic 12688421] of glycosaminoglycanstreatment. Free. RadicRes 2003;37(3):257-68. [PMID: arthritisintherat:production inexperimentalcollagen-induced protectiveeffect Campo GM, Avenoso A, CampoS, etal. analysisoffreeradicals trap Aromatic osteoarthritis. ClinDrugInvestig. 2004;24(6):353-63. [PMID: 17516722] oforalglucosamine,study in andtheircombination methylsulfonylmethane Usha PR, NaiduMU. Randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled Mar;14(3):286-94. [PMID: 16309928] osteoarthritis painoftheknee: apilotclinical trial.. OsteoarthritisCartilage 2006 Kim LS, Axelrod LJ, P, Howard etal. Efficacy (MSM)in ofmethylsulfonylmethane 21969261] controlled study. JSciFood Agric . 2012Mar15;92(4):862-69. [PMID: kneeosteoarthritis:on symptomatic arandomized, double-blind, placebo- glucosamine hydrochloride, andquercetinglycosides chondroitinsulfate Kanzaki N, SaitoK, Maeda A, etal. supplementcontaining Effectofadietary Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-167

02/06/13 FIT Food™ VEGAN Gastrointestinal Support Vegan Protein Shake Mix Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Body Composition* »» Supports Immune Health*

»» Supports Post-Exercise Recovery* Sports Nutrition »» Supports Healthy Glucose Metabolism* »» Supports Gastrointestinal Health* »» Contributes to Macro-Nutrition*

FIT Food™ VEGAN is an easy-to-mix functional food for vegans, individuals sensitive or allergic to soy and/or dairy, or anyone seeking an alternative source of quality protein. FIT Food Vegan features VegaPro™, an all-natural rice and pea protein blend.* Weight Management

Available in Creamy Chocolate & Vanilla Delight Discussion VegaPro™ is XYMOGEN’s proprietary blend of pea protein isolate and cardiovascular health, glucose tolerance, detoxification, and bile salt rice protein concentrate, L-glutamine, glycine, and taurine. Also added synthesis.*[6] is Aminogen™—a patented, natural, plant-derived enzyme system clinically proven to increase protein digestibility and amino acid Fiber Blend (inulin from non-GMO chicory, beta glucans, oat fiber, absorption.[1] Its action boosts nitrogen retention, aids in the synthesis and corn bran) FIT Food VEGAN provides 6 g of fiber per serving. of muscle mass and strength, and promotes deep muscle recovery.* These fibers favorably affect serum lipids, healthy intestinal flora, the formation of short-chain fatty acids, and glucose tolerance.[7] Beta The non-genetically modified (non-GMO), highly digestible pea protein glucans and lignins impact the binding of bile acids and support the isolate in VegaPro is naturally obtained by simple water extraction, maintenance of healthy cholesterol levels already within the normal keeping all the nutritional qualities intact. Its 90% protein content range.[8] Beta glucans may also offset stress to the immune system features a well-balanced amino acid profile, including a high content caused by intense exercise.*[9] of lysine, arginine, and branched-chain amino acids to help maintain lean body mass and reduce body fat.[2] Pea protein has the highest Satisfaction: An Added Benefit of Increasing Protein Intake lysine concentration (7.2%) of all vegetable-based proteins and Signals that originate from the gut—in response to mechanical the highest arginine concentration (8.7%) among all commercially (gastric distention) and chemical changes that occur after the available proteins. The combination of pea protein and rice protein ingestion of food—let us know when we’ve had enough to eat. Among achieves an amino acid score of 100%.* the macronutrients in food, proteins have been identified as having the greatest impact in this regard. Thus, the effect of consuming high- Fructose Free FIT Food Vegan contains evaporated cane juice and protein foods has been observed not only to yield a strong feeling of stevia in place of fructose. Animal and human research suggests satisfaction immediately after intake but also to support a lower food that consuming fructose-containing beverages increases visceral intake during a subsequent meal.*[10] adiposity.*[3,4] It is possible that not all proteins afford the same degree of satiety. Glutamine, crucial in nitrogen metabolism, is important for A study on human and rat duodenal biopsies demonstrated that replenishing amino acid stores, especially after exercise or stress.[5] exposure to pea protein resulted in the release of the greatest amount This amino acid aids in intestinal cell proliferation, thereby preserving of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide 1.[11] These gut barrier function and intestinal health.* gastrointestinal hormones modulate appetite sensations.

Glycine, an inhibitory (calming) neurotransmitter, is vital as a constituent of collagen and a building block for other substances, such as coenzyme-A, nucleic acids, creatine phosphate, purines, bile, and other amino acids.*

Taurine, a derivative of sulfur-containing cysteine, has many healthful clinical applications, including the support of stable cell membranes,

8862477] day-to-day foodintakeinman. EurJClinNutr. 1996Jul;50(7):418-30. [PMID: Johnstone AM, StubbsRJ, HarbronCG. Effectofoverfeedingmacronutrientson Sep;154(3):235-38. [PMID: 21048809] ß-glucans. BiomedPap MedFac UnivPalacky OlomoucCzechRepub . 2010 Vetvicka V, Vancikova Z. Anti-stress actionofseveralorally-given randomized controlledtrial. NutrJ. 2007Mar26;6:6. [PMID: 17386092] fermentable fiber, serumcholesterolinhypercholesterolemicadultsa lowers Queenan KM, StewartML, SmithKN, etal. beta-glucan, oat Concentrated a Nutr Hosp. 2010Jan-Feb;25(1):53-59. [PMID: 20204256] [inSpanish].enriched cookieonriskcardiovascularfactorinobesepatients de LuisDA, delaFuenteB, IzaolaO, etal. Randomizedclinical trialwithainulin exercise. AdvExpMedBiol. 2009;643:245-52. [PMID: 19239155] Yatabe Y, S, Miyakawa OhmoriH, etal. on Effectsoftaurineadministration immunodepression. SportsMed. 2003;33(5):323-45. [PMID: 12696982] Castell L. invitroandvivo, Glutaminesupplementation inexerciseand May;119(5):1322-34. doi: 10.1172/JCI37385. [PMID: 19381015] decreases insulinsensitivityinoverweight/obesehumans. JClinInvest. 2009 not glucose-sweetened, increasesvisceraladiposityandlipids beverages Stanhope KL, SchwarzJM, KeimNL, etal. Consumingfructose-sweetened, 56. [PMID: 16076983] adiposityinmice. increasesbody beverages ObesRes.2005Jul;13(7):1146- Jürgens H, Haass W, Castañeda TR, et. al. Consumingfructose-sweetened Res. 2010May;54Suppl1:S24-30. [PMID: 20077421] proteins: lipidmetabolism. hepatic Impactongenesregulating MolNutrFood Rigamonti E, Parolini C, MarchesiM, etal. pea Hypolipidemiceffectofdietary in healthymales. JIntSocSportsNutr. 2008Jul24;5:10. [PMID: 18652668] metabolism of anoralproteolyticenzymesystemonwheyproteinconcentrate Oben J, Kothari SC, Anderson ML. todeterminetheeffects An open-labelstudy 20530962] small intestinalmucosa. AnnNutrMetab. 2010;56(4):308-313. [PMID: proteinsisdifferentbetweenhumanandmurine response tospecificdietary Geraedts MC, Troost FJ, Tinnemans R, etal. proteinsin Releaseofsatiety Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-217

05/16/13 FIT Food™ Whey Gastrointestinal Support Whey Protein Shake Mix Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Body Composition* »» Supports Immune Health*

»» Supports Post-Exercise Recovery* Sports Nutrition »» Supports Gastrointestinal Health* »» Contributes to Macro-Nutrition*

FIT Food™ Whey represents an extraordinary breakthrough in body composition/weight management functional food formulas. Our medical board of advisors’ primary objective in researching and developing FIT Food Whey was to find a pure source of quality whey protein that is free of genetically-engineered hormones (rBST and rBGH) which, though banned in other countries, are used in the United States dairy industry. Weight Management There are growing concerns regarding the effects of these hormones, especially in early puberty.* Available in Creamy Chocolate, Vanilla Delight, Berry Blast, & Banana Discussion New Zealand Biosciences™ Proprietary Whey Protein Blend (NZ Aminogen® is a patented, natural, plant-derived enzyme system. whey protein concentrate, L-glutamine, glycine, and taurine) is It promotes protein digestibility and amino acid absorption, thereby sourced from New Zealand, which is known for its highly strict dairy boosting nitrogen retention and aiding in the synthesis of muscle mass processing standards. Guaranteed 100% pure (hormone free), this and strength, as well as promoting deep muscle recovery.*[10] high-biological–value whey protein concentrate contains a rich array of essential and non-essential amino acids. Whey protein is considered Fiber Blend (inulin from non-GMO chicory, beta glucans, oat the “gold standard” of protein for serious athletes. Research suggests fiber, and corn bran) FIT Food Whey provides 7 g of fiber per serving. that it supports healthy body composition, retention of lean muscle These fibers favorably affect serum lipids, healthy intestinal flora, the mass, glucose metabolism, satiety, and gastrointestinal health.[1-5] formation of short-chain fatty acids, and gluose tolerance.[11,12] Beta Its roles in the maintenance of blood pressure and blood lipid levels glucans and lignins impact the binding of bile acids and support the already within the normal range are also areas of interest.[3,5] As maintenance of cholesterol levels already within normal range.[13] a rich source of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and Furthermore, beta glucans may offset stress to the immune system methionine, whey protein can enhance immune function through caused by intense exercise.*[14] intracellular conversion to glutathione.[3] Whey protein also delivers high levels of naturally occurring bioactive immunoglobulins that Medium-Chain Triglycerides provide a rapidly absorbed, easily are resistant to peptic digestion. Immunoglobulins from whey have metabolized, and quick form of energy. been observed to support intestinal immunity and a healthy response to inflammation.[3,4] Furthermore, whey protein has displayed lower Beneficial Macronutrient Ratio In every serving, FIT Food Whey allergenicity than casein.*[6] provides 21 g of high-quality whey protein; 5 g of fat, including 1 g from medium-chain triglycerides; and 20 g of carbohydrate, Glutamine and Glycine, in combination with the cysteine-rich including 7 g of fiber. This composition supports a healthy balance of whey protein, promote glutathione synthesis and combat free macronutrients and fiber. High-fiber foods tend to slow the absorption radicals. Glutamine, crucial in nitrogen metabolism, is important for of glucose into the bloodstream.[15] Furthermore, both fiber and protein replenishing amino acid stores, especially after exercise or stress.[7,8] tend to increase feelings of satiety.*[15,16] This amino acid aids in intestinal cell proliferation, thereby helping to preserve gut barrier function and intestinal health.[8] Glycine, Fructose Free FIT Food Whey contains evaporated cane juice and an inhibitory (calming) neurotransmitter, is vital as a constituent stevia in place of fructose. Animal and human research suggests of collagen and a building block for other substances such as that consuming fructose-containing beverages increases visceral coenzyme-A, nucleic acids, creatine phosphate, purines, bile, and adiposity.[17,18] other amino acids.*

Taurine, as a derivative of sulfur-containing cysteine, has many healthful clinical applications, including the support of stable cell membranes, cardiovascular health, glucose tolerance, detoxification, and bile salt synthesis.* [9]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Weight Management Sports Nutrition Gastrointestinal Support © XYMOGEN FIT Food volume. Somesettlingmayoccurduringshippingandhandling. STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry Contentssoldbyweight, not children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, fish, shellfish, practitioner. “rescue” food, anoccasionalmealreplacement, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare accordingtothicknessdesired.amount ofwater Maybeusedasasnack, a andconsume.DIRECTIONS: Mixtwoscoops(52g)in8-12ozcoldwater Adjust FIT FoodWheyChocolateNutritionFacts Phenylalanine Aspartic Acid Tyrosine Threonine Serine Isoleucine Leucine Valine Alanine sodium chloride,Aminogen bran, beta-glucans),cocoapowder, sunfloweroil,naturalflavors(noMSG),medium-chaintriglycerides, oatfiber,taurine, L-glutamine,glycine),evaporatedcanejuice,fiberblend(inulin(fromchicory), corn Glycine Typical AminoAcidProfile: Calories 190 Amount PerServing PerContainer:14 Servings Size:2Scoops(52g) Serving INGREDIENTS: NewZealandBiosciences * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Not asignificantsource oftransfat,calcium,andiron. Vitamin C Vitamin A Protein 21g Sugars9g Fiber7g Dietary Total Carbohydrate20g Potassium 480mg Sodium 260mg Cholesterol 55mg SaturatedFat1.5g Total Fat5g Contains: Milk(wheyproteinconcentrate). extract. ™ WheyVanilla, Blast, Berry &Bananaalsoavailable AMINOGEN AMINOGEN ® , potassiumcitrate,xanthangum,guarsodiumandstevialeaf 2,219 mg 1,412 mg 1,330 mg 2,240 mg 1,206 mg ® ® isprotectedunderU.S.patent5,387,422. isaregisteredtrademarkofTriarcoIndustries. 606 mg 606 mg 999 mg 999 mg 391 mg ™ proprietary wheyproteinblend(wheyconcentrate, proprietary *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Taurine Glutamine Arginine Histidine Lysine Cystine Methionine Proline Tryptophan All XYMOGEN Calories FromFat45 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. % DailyValue* 3,804 mg 1,826 mg 1,226 mg 500 mg 461 mg 296 mg 482 mg 420 mg 316 mg 10% 42% 28% 14% 11% 18% 0% 7% 8% 8% 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13.

Nutr Hosp. 2010Jan-Feb;25(1):53-59. [PMID: 20204256] [inSpanish].enriched cookieonriskcardiovascularfactorinobesepatients de LuisDA, delaFuenteB, IzaolaO, etal. Randomizedclinical trialwithainulin and metabolicsyndrome. JNutrMetab. 2012;2012:851362. [PMID: 22187640] D,El Khoury CudaC, LuhovyyBL, etal. Betaglucan: healthbenefitsinobesity aminogen/. Accessed July3, 2012. Aminogen. TriarcoIndustries. exercise. AdvExpMedBiol. 2009;643:245-52. [PMID: 19239155] Yatabe Y, S, Miyakawa OhmoriH, etal. on Effectsoftaurineadministration [PMID: 9802174] function. Linksandpossiblemechanisms. SportsMed. 1998Sep;26(3):177-91. Walsh NP, Blannin AK, RobsonPJ, etal. Glutamine, exerciseandimmune immunodepression. SportsMed. 2003;33(5):323-45. [PMID: 12696982] Castell L. invitroandvivo, Glutaminesupplementation inexerciseand May;88(5):1654-60. [PMID: 15829656] whey proteinsincow’s milkdeterminesitsallergenicity. Sci. JDairy 2005 Lara-Villoslada F, OlivaresM, XausJ. The balancebetweencaseinsand Spring). 2010Jul;18(7):1354-59. [PMID: 19893505] function, markersinoverweightindividuals. andinflammatory Obesity(Silver Pal S, Ellis V. The chroniceffectsofwheyproteinsonbloodpressure, vascular [PMID: 22676328] factors formetabolicdiseases: areview. LipidsHealthDis. 2012Jun7;11(1):67. Souza GT, LiraFS, RosaNetoJC, etal. wheyproteinlessensseveralrisk Dietary Jun;9(2):136-56. [PMID: 15253675] Marshall K. ofwheyprotein. applications Therapeutic AlternMedRev. 2004 18187437] food intakeandsatiety. J Am CollNutr. 2007Dec;26(6):704S-12S. [PMID: Luhovyy BL, Akhavan T, Anderson GH. of Whey proteinsintheregulation Care. 2008Jan;11(1):40-44. [PMID: 18090657] and muscle hypertrophyduringresistancetraining. CurrOpinClinNutrMetab Hayes A, CribbPJ. onstrength, Effect ofwheyproteinisolate composition body May;119(5):1322-34. doi:10.1172/JCI37385. [PMID: 19381015] decreases insulinsensitivityinoverweight/obesehumans. JClinInvest. 2009 not glucose-sweetened, increasesvisceraladiposityandlipids beverages Stanhope KL, SchwarzJM, KeimNL, etal. Consumingfructose-sweetened, 56. [PMID: 16076983] adiposityinmice. increasesbody beverages ObesRes. 2005Jul;13(7):1146- Jürgens H, Haass W, Castañeda TR, et. al. Consumingfructose-sweetened 18469287] and satiety. AmJClinNutr . 2008May;87(5):1558S-1561S. Review. [PMID: Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, RD, Mattes etal. Protein, weightmanagement, breakfast. JNutr. 2008 Apr;138(4):732-39. [PMID: 18356328] markers, afterasubsequentstandardized inflammatory andincreasessatiety in theeveningmealofhealthysubjectsimprovesglucosetolerance, lowers Nilsson AC, OstmanEM, HolstJJ, etal. Including indigestiblecarbohydrates Sep;154(3):235-38. [PMID: 21048809] ß-glucans. BiomedPap MedFac UnivPalacky OlomoucCzechRepub . 2010 Vetvicka V, Vancikova Z. Anti-stress actionofseveralorally-given randomized controlledtrial. NutrJ. 2007Mar26;6:6. [PMID: 17386092] fermentable fiber, serumcholesterolinhypercholesterolemicadultsa lowers Queenan KM, StewartML, SmithKN, etal. beta-glucan, oat Concentrated a Additional referencesavailable uponrequest http://www.triarco.com/consumercenter/

Rev. (RV) DRS-216

10/02/12 GarliX™ Antioxidant Ultra-Concentrated Garlic Formula Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Immune System Function* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health* Cardiovascular Support »» Promotes Glutathione Synthesis*

GarliX™ is a standardized extract of garlic (Allium sativum). This concentrated source provides a high yield of the sulfur-containing bioactive compound allicin. Research suggests that garlic supports immune function, antioxidant activity, and the cardiovascular system. Garlic may also support healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels already within the normal range.* Immune System Support

Available in 90 capsules Discussion Well known as a venerated culinary herb, garlic (Allium sativum) has within the normal range.[8] A meta-analysis of 26 studies showed that been used for centuries to support health and longevity. It has been garlic supported total cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism with found in Egyptian pyramids, ancient Greek temples, medical texts from a significance of p = 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively.[9] Studies a variety of cultures, and even on Hippocrates’ list of health-promoting suggest that garlic may play a cardioprotective role in maintaining compounds.[1] Garlic is used widely today to support cardiovascular normal levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), nitric oxide health, antioxidant activity, and immune function.*[2,3] production, healthy cytokine balance, and normal endothelial function as well.[10,11] Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds are converted by Organosulfur Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Many of the erythrocytes into hydrogen sulfide, which in turn supports vasodilation, health-promoting benefits of garlic are attributed to its array of vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and overall cardiovascular sulfur-containing compounds. Organosulfur compounds from whole health.[12] Garlic supplementation had a significant impact on garlic fall into two classes: gamma-glutamylcysteines and cysteine cardiovascular health parameters in select subjects during a 12-week, sulfoxides.[4] Crushing, chopping, and processing garlic results in randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled study.*[13] production of organosulfur compounds that fall into one of four main chemical classes—alliin, allicin, allyl cysteine, and allyl disulfide. Immune Support In the mid-1900s, Louis Pasteur noted garlic’s Several of these compounds have been studied for their compelling ability to support immune function, and it is known to have been used effect on antioxidant activity. Alliin (allylcysteine sulfoxide) was found for immune support during World War I.[12] Ongoing research reveals a to scavenge superoxide, while allicin (a thiosulfinate) suppressed its broad range of immune-supportive properties associated with garlic, formation. Hydroxyl radicals were scavenged by alliin, allyl cysteine, especially its allicin component.[4,14] Allicin appears to react with the and allyl disulfide; allyl disulfide was found to be a lipid peroxidation thiol groups of a variety of enzymes (including alcohol dehydrogenase, terminator as well.[5] GarliX contains standardized amounts of gamma- thioredoxin reductase, and RNA polymerase), which, in turn, supports glutamylcysteines, alliin, allicin, thiosulfinates, and sulfur.* normal microbial balance in the body.[15] A double-blind placebo- controlled study of 146 volunteers suggests that stabilized allicin Glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is a well-researched compound is significantly effective in supporting and maintaining component of vital antioxidant systems in the body. Glutathione is also healthy immune function.*[16] recognized for its role in regulation of cellular events such as DNA and protein synthesis, gene expression, cell-life cycle regulation, signal Modern-day research appears to confirm the health-promoting transduction, cytokine production, and immune response.[6] Gamma- properties of garlic that ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese, and Indian glutamylcysteine (GGC), an endogenously produced precursor to cultures embraced for so long. GarliX is an ultra-concentrated garlic glutathione, has been found to efficiently detoxify hydrogen peroxide formula with standardized levels of several organosulfur compounds and superoxide anion in the mitochondria. Research suggests that designed to support antioxidant, cardiovascular, and immune GGC may assume the neuroprotective and antioxidant functions of systems.* glutathione as needed.*[7]

Cardiovascular Health Numerous studies suggest that garlic has a positive effect on plasma lipids, normal fibrinolytic and platelet activity, and the maintenance of blood pressure and blood glucose already

Lek Listy. 2010;111(8):452-6. Review. [PMID: 21033626] Ginter E, Simko V. L.)andcardiovasculardiseases. Garlic(Alliumsativum Bratisl 14971718] andsize.nanoplaque formation Phytomedicine. 2004Jan;11(1):24-35. [PMID: Siegal G, MalmstenM, PietzschJ, etal. The effectofgarliconarteriosclerotic Nov;51(11):1365-81. Review. [PMID: 17966138] and protectingpropertiesofgarlic: data. contemporary Gorinstein S, JastrzebskiZ, NamiesnikJ, etal. The atherosclerotic heartdisease Food Agric. 2012Jan10. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 22234974] placebo-controlled trialsfortheeffectsofgarliconserumlipidprofiles. JSci Zeng T, GuoFF, ZhangCL, etal. A meta-analysisofrandomized, double-blind, 2001 Mar;131(3s):977S-9S. Review. [PMID: 11238800] Rahman K. Historicalperspectiveongarlicandcardiovasculardisease. JNutr. peroxidase-1 cofactor. Commun. Nat 2012Mar6;3:718. [PMID: 22395609] Γ-glutamylcysteine detoxifiesreactiveoxygenspeciesbyactingasglutathione Quintana-Cabrera R, Fernandez-Fernandez S, Bobo-Jimenez V, etal. health. JNutr. 2004Mar;134(3):489-92. [PMID: 14988435] Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, etal. for metabolismanditsimplications Glutathione 16822206] allicin, andallyldisulfide. JMedFood. 2006Summer;9(2):205-13. [PMID: Chung LY. The antioxidantpropertiesofgarliccompounds: allylcysteine, alliin, 18,2012. garlic/. AccessedApril Linus Pauling Institute. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/ 2nd ed. Hudson(OH): Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide. 17,2012. herbssupplements/garlic.asp. AccessedApril StandardGarlicMonograph.Natural http://naturalstandard.com/databases/ Mar;131(3s):951S-4S. [PMID: 11238795] Rivlin RS. Historicalperspectiveontheuseofgarlic. JNutr. 2001 11697022] blind, placebo-controlledsurvey. AdvTher. 2001Jul-Aug;18(4):189-93. [PMID: Josling P. Preventingthecommoncoldwithagarlicsupplement: adouble- Infect. 1999Feb;1(2):125-9. Review. [PMID: 10594976] Ankri S, MirelmanD. Antimicrobial propertiesofallicinfromgarlic. Microbes [PMID: 11759674] (garlic).sativum MicrobiolBiotechnol. Appl 2001Oct;57(3):282-6. Review. Harris JC, CottrellSL, PlummerS, etal. Antimicrobial propertiesof Allium Sep;17(3):60-4. [PMID: 16320801] .Coll Abbottabad withtype2diabetesmellitus. 2005Jul- Med patients JAyub Ashraf R, Aamir K, Shaikh AR, etal. in Effectsofgarlicondyslipidemia Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Mol NutrFood Res Rev. (RV) DRS-112

12/07/12 . 2007 GastrAcid™ Gastrointestinal Support Digestive-Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Provides Hydrochloric Acid to Help Maintain Gastric pH* »» Contains Factors to Promote Healthy Digestion, Especially of Dietary Protein* »» Supports Absorption of Certain Macro- and Micronutrients* »» Helps Maintain Normal Gastric Flora*

GastrAcid™ provides a variety of health-supportive factors. L-glutamic acid, betaine HCl, and pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme, which assist in protein digestion. Gentian root, an herbal bitter, promotes normal secretion of saliva and gastric acid for digestive support. HCl (hydrochloric acid) supports nutrient absorption and helps maintain a healthy gastric pH, which, in turn, supports healthy gastric ecology.*

Available in 90 & 180 capsules Discussion GastrAcid is designed to support the gastric phase of digestion Gentian Root (Gentiana lutea) Used for centuries to support directly and provide stimulus for the excretion of pancreatic healthy digestion, gentian contains the bitter glycosides gentiopicrin digestive juices in the small intestine. Adequate hydrochloric acid is and amarogentin. Gentian’s bitter taste can be detected even at a fundamental to healthy protein digestion, nutrient availability, and the dilution level of 50,000:1. Gentian root appears to support digestion maintenance of normal gastric flora.[1-3] There is a natural decline in by stimulating secretion of saliva in the mouth, hydrochloric acid the ability to produce hydrochloric acid, especially after the age of in the stomach, and digestive juices from the pancreas. Due to the 60.[1] There appears to be an even greater decline in pepsin production stimulant effect that gentian root has on endogenous production of related to normal aging.[4] Support of natural gastric secretions and HCl, individuals may be able to discontinue GastrAcid™ after a period acidity helps support normal digestion, absorption, and immune of use.*[11-14] health.[5] Maintaining an acidic pH in the stomach helps support normal gastric and intestinal flora as well.*[6-8] GastrAcid is formulated with a variety of compounds and is designed to support gastric acidity, digestion, and normal gastrointestinal flora. Glutamic Acid Hydrochloride (HCl) Also called glutamate, glutamic GastrAcid should be taken with, or immediately following a meal. Do acid is an amino acid that can be obtained from dietary protein or not use if there is a prior history of, or a current complaint of, a peptic synthesized endogenously from other amino acids, such as glutamine. or duodenal ulcer.* Glutamic acid HCl is used in GastrAcid as an acidifying agent.*

Betaine Hydrochloride (HCl) Betaine (also known as trimethylglycine) is a natural substance found in foods such as beets, spinach, and grains. Research suggests that betaine supports cell health by acting as a methyl donor, and this, in turn, supports healthy methionine, homocysteine, and hepatic fat metabolism. Betaine also functions as an osmolyte, which supports the integrity of cells and proteins during fluctuations in hydration, salinity, and temperature. Betaine HCl, the acidic form of betaine, has traditionally been used to support digestion and absorption due to its ability to lower gastric pH.*[9,10]

Pepsin One of the first enzymes to initiate protein digestion, pepsin is first synthesized in the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa and secreted as the inactive zymogen precursor pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen to convert it to pepsin once it is outside the cell. This activation sets up a chain reaction leading to the production of still more pepsin. Porcine pepsin, in addition to betaine HCl, is provided in GastrAcid with the goal of promoting more endogenous pepsin production.*[4,6]

SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 100 mg 300 mg 350 mg 20 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13.

gentian-root-cs-wild-crafted.aspx. Accessed March25, 2012. Monterey BaySpiceCompany. GentianRoot. http://www.herbco.com/p-763- Hill. 1999. D.Mowrey Scientific ofHerbalMedicine .Validation NewCanaan, CT: McGraw- March 23, 2012. www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21560. New York UniversityLangoneMedicalCenter. BetaineHydrochloride. http:// Review. [PMID: 15321791] Craig SA. Betaineinhumannutrition. AmJClinNutr . 2004Sep;80(3):539-49. 17;381(4):666-70. [PMID: 19248769] intestinalmicroflora.BiochemBiophysResCommun.2009Apr in lower Kanno T, Matsuki T, OkaM, etal. Gastricacidreductionleadstoanalteration Curr OpinGastroenterol. 2010Jan;26(1):31-5. Review. [PMID: 19907324] Canani RB, Terrin G. Gastricacidityinhibitorsandtheriskofintestinalinfections. NJ: John Wiley &Sons, Inc. 2010. Smolin LA, GrosvenorMB. Nutrition: Scienceand .Applications 2nded. Hoboken, 16670517] allergy. CurrOpin ClinImmunol.Allergy 2006Jun;6(3):214-9. Review. [PMID: Untersmayr E, Jensen-JarolimE. The effectofgastricdigestiononfood 1996 Apr;110(4):1043-52. [PMID: 8612992] acid andpepsinsecretioninhumans: aprospectivestudy.. Gastroenterology Feldman M, B, Cryer McArthurKE, etal. andgastritisongastric Effectsofaging 1996 Mar;38(3):306-9. [PMID: 8675079] LB.Lovat andnutritionalstatus. changesingutphysiology Age related Gut. [PMID: 4556018] microorganisms inman: studiesinvivoandvitro. Gut.1972Apr;13(4):251-6. Giannella RA, BroitmanSA, ZamcheckN. Gastricacidbarriertoingested ed. GigHarbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine. 2004. Bland J, LiskaD,. JonesDS,Functional Approach 2nd etal.Nutrition A Clinical 19817411] and amarogentin. J Agric Food. Chem 2009Nov11;57(21):9860-6. [PMID: hTAS2R50 bitterterpenoidsandrographolide bythetwonatural isactivated Behrens M, Brockhoff A, C, Batram etal. The humanbittertastereceptor Gastroenterol. 2008Jan;42(1):36-41. [PMID: 18097287] ofgastriccancer patients.gastric acidoutputinfirst-degreerelatives JClin Vilkin A, LeviZ, MorgensternS, etal. Highergastricmucinsecretionand lower Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

LastReviewed2011. Accessed Rev. (RV) DRS-188

01/14/13 GI Protect™ Gastrointestinal Support Featuring IgG 2000 DF™ & L-Glutamine Clinical Applications

»» Immune Support (including during strenuous physical activity)* »» Improve/Maintain Integrity of Gut Mucosa* Immune System Support »» Supports Lean Muscle Mass*

GI Protect™ features XYMOGEN’s IgG 2000 DF™, with the added benefit of the amino acid L-glutamine. IgG 2000 DF represents a breakthrough in immunoglobulin supplementation. It is a highly concentrated, non-dairy source of serum-derived immunoglobulin antibodies and immunoproteins. It possesses three times more immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total immunoglobulins than colostrum and has twice as much cysteine, an important amino acid for maintaining glutathione levels. Compared to colostrum alone, IgG 2000 DF delivers 15 times the level of transferrin and lactoferrin. These and other immunoproteins contained in IgG 2000 DF have demonstrated an ability to enhance immune function by directly boosting immunoglobulin levels in the gastrointestinal tract.*

One daily dose of GI Protect provides over 2 g of IgG as well as 1 g of L-glutamine, which is added to support intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. Available in Peach & Wild Cherry Flavors GI Protect is naturally flavored and tastes great, making it easy to consume.*

Discussion

The basic functions of immunoglobulins are the neutralization and Growth Factors in proper combination are thought to play an opsonization of bacteria, viruses and other environmental pathogens. important role in digestive health and nutrient utilization. Those in Unlike antibiotics, they allow the immune system to differentiate IgG 2000 DF™ are similar to the level and balance found in healthy pathogens from the body’s normal microflora.* individuals. TGF-ß and IGF-I are involved in the restitution of cells damaged in the digestive tract. An increase in the level of IGF-I in The transfer of immunity through oral supplementation is a natural, serum has been associated with increases in lean tissue mass and logical and effective process for obtaining immunity. In adults, the greater protein efficiency.[13] TGF-ß is known to stimulate the secretion concentration of immunoglobulin in the digestive tract and on mucosal of IgA.* surfaces predicts the risk of infection.* L-Glutamine, the most abundant free form amino acid in the body, Almost 80% of all pathogens enter the body either through mucosal is very important for maintaining gastrointestinal and stimulated tissue or stay localized on mucosal surfaces. Each day the G.I. tract immune cell functioning. It is an important transporter of nitrogen (and immune cells produce about 5 grams of immunoglobulins. However, carbon) in the body and therefore, is vital in wound healing. Although during times of stress there is significantly reduced secretion. glutamine can be synthesized by the intestinal mucosa, during periods Supplemental immunoglobulins act first in the intestinal tract to of physiological stress when needs can not likely be met by the body eliminate or inhibit the proliferation of disease-causing organisms and alone gut epithelia.* toxins. This reduces the stimulation of the immune response in the gut so that the body’s resources can be redirected toward challenges elsewhere.*

Many of the studies on immunoglobulins involving immune challenge have been animal rather than human studies because of the expense and difficulty using human subjects. Studies have shown oral immuno-protein supplementation restores appetite,[7] reduces inflammation[8,9,11] and promotes improved protein metabolism under immunological stress.[10,13] Oral supplementation has been shown to preserve gut wall integrity and provide intestinal humoral immunity. [6] Extrapolated data from a human clinical trial on IBS demonstrated sufferers could experience 35 extra IBS symptom-free days annually.*[14]

Transferrin, a family of iron-binding, bacteriostatic proteins regulate and reduce the amount of free iron available to the invading pathogen.*

Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value 2% ** ** ** † • PATENTED 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.

entercolitis. ActaPediatr Suppl1994;396:37-40 anditspossiblerelevanceforthepreventionofnecrotizing (IgA-IgG) preparation Wolf HM, EiblMM. effectofanoralimmunoglobulin The anti-inflammatory andefficiency rate growth ofgaininmice.Sci 1994;72:2690-5 JAnim Thompson JE, etal. Effectofspray-driedporcineplasmaproteinonfeedintake, Animal Sci74(Supp1):258 Pierce, JL, etal. Spray-dried plasmaproteinglobulinforearlyweanedpigs. J inChrohn’streatment Disease. ActaPediatr 1997;86:221-3 Tjellstrom B, StenhannarL, KE, Magnusson Sundqvist T. OralImmunoglobulin J Anim.Sci1994;72:2075-81 performanceintheearly-weanedpig. of spray-driedporcineplasmaongrowth LJ,Kats NelssenJL, Tokach MD, GoodbandRD, HansenJA, LaurinJL. The effect intestinal epithelium. 1998;124:284-90 Surgery thearchitectureof andpreserves bacterialtranslocation abrogates Dickinson EC, GorgaJC, GarrettMetal. Immunoglobulin A supplementation 1986;11:103-15 immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgM)actingaloneorincombination. Vet.Microbiol. Bacteriostasis ofEscherichiacolibybovinelactoferrin, transferring and Bacteriol.Appl 1195;78:655-662 normal andimmuneserum, Heliobacterpylori. colostrumsandmilkagainst J Korhonen H, SyvaojaEL, Aloha-Luttila Hetal. Bactericidaleffectofbovine Campylobacter jejunienteritis. TheLancet1993;341:1036 Hammarstrom V, SmithCI, HammarstromL. in Oral immunoglobulintreatment 116:193-205 usingbovineantibodies. humanpathogens immunity against ClinExp. Immunol. Weiner, C, Pan, Q, Hurtig, M, Boren, T, Boswick, E, Hammarstom, L. Passive withhyperimmunebovinecolostrum.treatment Gastroenterol. 1990;98: 486 diarrheainanacquiredimmunodeficiencyassociated after syndromepatient Ungar, BLP, Ward, DJ, Fayer, R, Quinn, CA. ofCryptosporidium- Cessation L-Glutamine. www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed3.19.08} 792 indices inparticipantswithhypercholesterolemia. AmJClinNutr2005:81:4p Earnest C, Weaver, E. The effectofbovineserumimmunoglobulinoncholesterol Unpublished. 2005 SyndromeinaDouble-BlindPlaceboControlledClinical Irritable Bowel Trial. Weaver etal., onDiarrhea-Predominant The EffectsofBovineIgIsolate 2000;130:2016-9 inearly-weanedpigs. proteinforleantissuegrowth than extrudedsoy JNutr Jiang R, ChangX, StollB, etal. plasmaproteinisusedmoreefficiently Dietary and women. Nutrition2001.Mar.;17(3):243-7 compositionandexerciseperformanceinactivemen onbody supplementation Antonio J, SandersMS, Van GammerenD. The effectsofbovinecolostrum Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-180

05/30/13 GlutAloeMine™ Gastrointestinal Support Enhanced Gastrointestinal Support* Clinical Applications

»» Gastrointestinal Support* »» Enhanced Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids*

GlutAloeMine™ features four specialized ingredients for enhanced gastrointestinal support. This unique formula contains concentrated extract of licorice that has been processed to remove glycyrrhizin— thus reducing risk of side effects associated with licorice. Glutamine serves as the predominant fuel and nitrogen source for the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Arabinogalactan from the North American larch tree is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that provides excellent support for GI health. Research suggests that arabinogalactan plays a role in the promotion of gut microflora and may increase beneficial short-chain fatty acid production. The Aloe vera leaf extract in GlutAloeMine has been processed to remove the bitter principles and prevent a laxative effect.* Available in 30 servings powder Discussion L-Glutamine, the most abundant free form amino acid in the body, is very important for maintaining gastrointestinal and stimulated immune cell functioning. It is an important transporter of nitrogen (and carbon) in the body and therefore, is vital in wound healing. Although glutamine can be synthesized by the intestinal mucosa, during periods of physiological stress when needs can not likely be met by the body alone, gut epithelial atrophy, ulceration and even necrosis are possible.[1] L-glutamine is metabolized to ammonia and glutamate.*

Arabinogalactan, a polysaccharide derived from the Larch tree, contributes fermentable fiber to this formula in addition to having immuno-stimulatory properties. It minimizes ammonia synthesis and absorption, enhances production of short chain fatty acids and increases the gut microflora population.*[2]

Licorice Root Extract 10:1(deglycyrrhized) is a concentrated extract that has been processed to remove glycyrrhizin, thus eliminating any risk of licorice-associated side effects. It is anti-inflammatory, antispasmotic and has laxative and soothing effects. Aspirin-induced mucosal damage has been shown to be reduced by administration of deglycyrrhized licorice.*[3]

Aloe Leaf Extract (standardized to 50% polysaccharides), used for thousands of years, is perhaps most well-known for healing of damaged epithelial tissue, including the bowel lining. Despite the lack of scientific published studies there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that aloe vera helps inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. In some individuals it may increase G.I. transit time, improve protein digestion and absorption, increase stool bulk and normalize stool bacteria where high levels of yeasts previously existed.[4] The aloe extract used in GlutAloeMine™ does not have a laxative effect because the bitter principles have been removed.*

16749917] syndrome.for irritablebowel IntJClinPract. 2006Sep;60(9):1080-6[PMID: K,Davis et. al. Randomiseddouble-blindplacebo-controlledtrialofaloevera byaspirin.damage ScandJGastroenterol. 1979;14(5):605-7. [PMID: 493863] Rees WD, etal. Effect ofdeglycyrrhizinated liquoriceongastricmucosal Arabinogalactan. www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed4.3.07} L-Glutamine. www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed4.3.07} Additional ReferencesAvailable UponRequest.

Rev. (RV) DRS-157

08/08/12 ™ Green Tea 600 Antioxidant Activity Ultra-Pure Green Tea Extract Clinical Applications

» Provides Antioxidant Support* » Supports Healthy Immune Function*

» Supports Healthy Endocrine Function* Cell-Life Regulation » Provides Alternative to Consumption of Multiple Cups of Green Tea*

Green Tea 600™ is an ultra-pure, water-extracted green tea formula that is rich in polyphenols, a class of phytochemical compounds that supports antioxidant activity. Research has shown that green tea supports natural detoxifying enzymes, normal gene signaling, and the health and function

of intestinal ﬂ ora.* Immune System Support

Available in 60 capsules Discussion The health benefi ts of the tea leaf Camellia sinensis are derived from In summary, green tea’s benefi ts are based upon four actions: 1) it a group of phytochemicals known as polyphenols. Polyphenols in fresh is a powerful antioxidant that protects against DNA damage; 2) it green tea leaves are present as a series of chemicals called catechins. induces detoxifying enzymes; 3) it supports gene signaling, which The dominant and most biologically active among the catechins, helps regulate cellular growth, development, and apoptosis; and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been shown to induce 4) it selectively improves the function of the intestinal bacterial expression of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, fl ora.*[1,2,4-8,10,11] glutamate cysteine ligase, heme oxygenase-1, and other enzymes that protect a variety of cells, including cultured neurons, against oxidative stress-induced cell death. EGCG modulates the redox- sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which plays a key role in activating detoxifying enzyme HO-1, as well as other phase II enzymes.[1-7]*

Green Tea Leaf Extract Green tea polyphenols protect erythrocytes (red blood cells) from oxidative stress.[8] In research studies, EGCG supported healthy insulin activity,[9] protected the pancreatic cells by reducing undesirable cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1 beta), and reduced interferon-gamma–induced nitric oxide production—an excess of which may cause free radical damage. Furthermore, it was found that the polyphenols triggered genes that inhibit activation of NF- kappaB[10] and reduced the level of messenger RNA for the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes, which convert non-carbohydrate sources into glucose.[11] EGCG has been shown to support healthy immune function,[2] support the endocrine system,[4] and promote fat oxidation beyond what would be explained by its caffeine content.*[3]

Many of the wide range of health beneﬁ ts derived from green tea are dose-dependent, and most Americans are not willing to consume the necessary 5-10 cups of tea a day to gain its advantages. Careful processing of the tea into an extract highly concentrates the key beneﬁ cial constituents. Each 600 mg capsule of Green Tea 600 contains 80% polyphenols, 60% catechins, and 30% EGCG. This is equivalent to approximately 10 cups of green tea. Each capsule contains 36-45 mg of caffeine per serving, roughly the equivalent of a can of cola and less than the 95-200 mg of caffeine in an 8-oz cup of brewed coffee.[12] Naturally occurring caffeine in green tea is believed to act synergistically with the polyphenols.*[13]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Cell-Life Regulation Antioxidant Activity STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn,cial sweeteners, or yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Green Tea 600 © XYMOGEN Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. (80% polyphenols,60%catechins,30%EGCG,6%caffeine) Green Tea AqueousExtract(Camelliasinensis)(leaf) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 600 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References Int J Obes Relat MetabDisord.Int JObesRelat 2000Feb;24 (2):252-8. [PMID: 10702779] interactions betweencatechin-polyphenols, activity. caffeineandsympathetic Dulloo AG, SeydouxJ, GirardierL, etal. Greenteaandthermogenesis: AN01211. PublishedOctober1, 2011. Accessed August 16, 2012. tea, sodaandmore. MayoClinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/ Mayo ClinicStaff. Nutritionandhealthyeating: Caffeinecontentforcoffee, 2005;64(1):201-8. [PMID: 15533642] Burzynski SR. Aging: MedHypotheses. genesilencingoractivation? [PMID: 15549673] gluconeogenicenzymesinvivo.hepatic PlantaMed. 2004Nov;70(11):1100-2. Koyama Y, Abe K, Sano Y, et.al. Effectsofgreenteaongeneexpression 2002 Nov;50(24):7182-6. [PMID: 12428980] Anderson RA, Polansky MM. Tea enhancesinsulinactivity. J Agric Food. Chem Physiol. 2005Jan-Feb;32 (1-2):70-5. [PMID: 15730438] oftype2diabeticerythrocytes. damage oxidation-induced ClinExpPharmacol Rizvi SI, ZaidMA, Anis R, etal. against Protectiveroleofteacatechins induced apoptosis. FASEB J. 2004Oct, 18(13):1621-3. [PMID: 15319365] STAT-1 andprotectscardiacmyocytes activation fromischemia/reperfusion- Townsend PA, Scarabelli TM, Pasini E, etal. inhibits Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Pharmacol ToxicolClin . 2005 Aug;97(2):74-9. [PMID: 15998352] gallate,(-)-epigallocatechin quercetinandresveratol: aninvitrostudy. Basic P-450 reductaseofthehumanheart, liverandlungsinthepresenceof Dudka J, J, Jodynis-Liebert Korobowicz E, etal. Activity ofNADPH-cytochrome May;134(5):1039-44. [PMID: 15113942] epithelialcells.signal transductioninculturedrespiratory JNutr. 2004 green tea-derivedpolyphenol, inhibitsIL-1beta-dependentproinfl ammatory Wheeler DS, JD, Catravas OdomsK, etal. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a [PMID: 10698173] gallate.by greenteaepigallocatechin . Endocrinology 2000Mar;141(3):980-7. Kao YH, HiipakkaRA, LiaoS. ofendocrinesystemsandfoodintake Modulation 10584049] inhumans. oxidation fat AmJClinNutr. 1999Dec;70(6):1040-45. [PMID: expenditureand polyphenolsandcaffeineinincreasing24-henergy catechin Dulloo AG, DuretC, RohrerD, etal. Effi cacy ofagreenteaextractrichin Immun. 2001Jun;69(6):3947-53. [PMID: 11349063] gallate, byepigallocatechin formation amajorformofteacatechins. Infect effectsoncytokine inhibitedbyselectiveimmunomodulatory in macrophages K,Matsunaga Klien TW, Friedman H, etal. Legionellapneumophilareplication polyphenols.Chem Toxicol Food . 2002 Aug;40(8):1145-54. [PMID: 12067577] by nutritionalfactorsandtobaccoproductstheirpreventiontea Weisburger JH, ChungFL. Mechanismsofchronicdiseasecausation Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 08/20/12 (RV) DRS-134 GS 750™ Joint & Muscle Support Glucosamine Sulfate

GS 750™ provides pharmaceutical-grade glucosamine sulfate, which stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans that are necessary for healthy joint structures. Many mature or physically active adults use glucosamine to support healthy connective tissues and joint cartilage. GS 750 helps promote joint function.*

Available in 60 capsules & 180 capsules Discussion » GS 750™ is a pharmaceutical grade Glucosamine Sulfate. It is a naturally occurring substance that stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans that are necessary for healthy joint structures.*

» Cartilage ground substance (the matrix of collagen and connective tissue) is built and maintained by Glucosamine Sulfate.*

» Many mature or physically active adults may rely on the dietary support of Glucosamine for healthy connective tissues and joint cartilage.*

» Glucosamine Sulfate may help promote joint flexibility and mobility.*

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease.

Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 750 mg 90 mg 90 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 3% 3% **

Rev. (RV) DRS-203

05/01/13 HistDAO™ Cytokine Balance Support Supports Healthy Degradation of Food-Derived Histamine* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Degradation of Food-Derived Histamine* »» Enhances the Presence of Diamine Oxidase in the Digestive Tract* Gastrointestinal Support

HistDAO™ is a patented enzyme formula containing diamine oxidase (DAO)—the main enzyme responsible for the degradation of ingested histamine. This enzyme has been clinically tested and found to break down food-derived histamine in the digestive tract. DAO is not absorbed and does not have systemic activity. HistDAO does not manage or address antibody-related or IgE-related food allergies.* Immune Support

Available in 20 & 60 capsules

Discussion Histamine is a bioactive or “vasoactive” amine produced in the body Histamine Tolerance Histamine tolerance may not be the same for in response to an injury or foreign substance. It has an array of everyone. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover physiological effects, including increasing blood supply to specific study suggest that tolerance to histamine can vary from individual sites in the body. In addition, histamine is involved in the immune to individual.[5] Total body histamine load must be considered when response, regulation of gastric acid, permeability of blood vessels, evaluating histamine tolerance, and a balance between histamine contraction of muscles, and the normal response to inflammation.[1] and DAO appears to be crucial to maintaining skin, rhinoconjunctival, The highest concentrations of histamine in the body are found in the and gastrointestinal health.[2,6] Genetic and environmental factors may gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin, with lesser amounts in the brain interact to influence DAO expression. Ongoing research addresses and heart.* the role that genetic variations may play in individual differences in DAO metabolism, and serum activity was significantly associated with Histamine is not only produced in the body but is also present in seven single nucleotide variations within the DAO gene.[7,8] Histamine many fermented foods, such as sauerkraut, sausage, cheese, yogurt, tolerance may be reflected in detailed questionnaires, food intake and alcoholic beverages. Tuna, olives, spinach, eggplant, avocados, logs, trial with low-histamine diet, and measurement of DAO and tomatoes, cherries, and citrus fruits are other histamine-containing histamine.*[9,10] foods. Despite their absence of histamine, some foods, such as berries, tea, and a variety of spices, stimulate the endogenous Histamine tolerance and its manifestation may vary from organ to production of the amine due to their benzoate content. In addition, organ as well. A study of 39 patients suggested that intake of DAO microbial fermentation can convert the histidine in high-protein foods produced a statistically significant reduction in symptoms associated to histamine so that the histamine content of food can increase over with exogenous histamine ingestion, although single symptoms were time.*[1] not found to be reproducible.*[11]

Histamine/DAO balance Endogenous and exogenous histamine must Ultimately, diminished serum DAO levels appear to be associated with be broken down in order to maintain homeostasis and histamine changes in histamine degradation and serum histamine levels.[10] balance. The enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) degrades histamine Although the mechanism of histamine degradation is uniform by converting it from 2-(4-imidazolyl)-ethylamine to the inactive throughout the body, HistDAO only addresses excess exogenous metabolite imidazole acetaldehyde.[2] The active ingredient in HistDAO histamine found in the folds, villi, and microvilli of the small intestine. is porcine-derived diamine oxidase, and research suggests that DAO HistDAO is not absorbed and therefore does not have systemic derived from porcine kidney appears to have identical action to DAO activity. A two-capsule dose of HistDAO contains 20 mg of vitamin C derived from porcine intestine.[3] In humans and other mammals, DAO and 20,000 HDU (histamine degrading units) from diamine oxidase. is found in high concentrations in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Animal HistDAO is NOT EFFECTIVE for symptoms of immune-related food studies suggest that circulating DAO may be a marker for mucosal allergies, such as peanuts, shellfish, etc.* integrity and maturity.[4] Certain drugs may affect histamine balance in the body by promoting histamine release or inhibiting DAO.*[2]

EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune Support Gastrointestinal Support Cytokine Balance Support HistDAO STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry preservatives. peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orartificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, shellfish, sensitivity orceliacdisease. food allergies, suchaspeanuts, shellfish, etc., orforglutenintolerancedueto © XYMOGEN other ingredient. HistDAO pregnant ornursing. Keepoutofreachchildren. Avoid ifallergictoporkorany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyouare practitioner. consumption ofhistamine-richfoods, ortakeasdirectedbyyourhealthcare DIRECTIONS: Take nomorethan15minutesbeforethe onetotwocapsules HistDAO Patented inAustria. Patent pendingintheUnitedStates. license ofSciotecDiagnosticTechnologies GmbH, Vienna, Austria. Serving Size:2Capsules Serving sodium carboxymethylcellulose,andglycerol. hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone,hydratedmagnesiumsilicate,acetylatedcornstarch, cellulose,HPMC(capsule),sucrose,ricestarch,Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline shellac, ** DailyValue notestablished. Diamine Oxidase(fromporcine kidneyproteinconcentrate) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) ™ ™ isexclusively manufactured forhealthcarepractitionersunder SupplementFacts ™ is NOT EFFECTIVE for symptoms of immune-related isNOTEFFECTIVEforsymptomsofimmune-related *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 20,000 HDU 20 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value 33% ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 11.

Clin Immunol. 2006May;117(5):1106-12. [PMID: 16675339] eczema. withatopic inasubgroupofpatients capacity JAllergy degradation Maintz L, BenfadalS, Allam JP, etal. Evidenceforareducedhistamine 2001;11:249-62. doi:10.1080/1359084012010309. based onchartaudit. JournalofNutritional&EnvironmentalMedicine. 2001. Vickerstaff JonejaJM, Carmona-SilvaC. Outcomeofahistamine-restricteddiet activities.. Allergy 2011Jul;66(7):893-902. [PMID: 21488903] polymorphisms inthediamineoxidasegenewithserum Maintz L, Yu CF, RodríguezE, etal. ofsinglenucleotideAssociation 12083955] ofhistamine.degradation AmJPharmacogenomics. 2002;2(1):67-72. [PMID: polymorphisms ofthehumangenesinvolvedinsynthesis, action and Igaz P, Fitzimons CP, SzalaiC, etal. Histaminegenomicsinsilico: 2004 Mar;53Suppl1:S31-2. [PMID: 15054605] withfoodallergy.diminished inthecolonicmucosaofpatients InflammRes of histamineviahistamine-N-methyltransferaseanddiamineoxidaseare Kuefner M, SchwelbergerHG, Weidenhiller M, etal. pathways Bothcatabolic Proc. 2004Sep-Oct;25(5):305-11. [PMID: 15603203] withliquid histamine.healthy volunteersafteroralprovocation Asthma Allergy Wöhrl S, Hemmer W, Focke M, etal. Histamineintolerance-likesymptomsin Jul;66(1):66-70. [PMID: 6772669] andintegrity. intestinalmucosalmaturation marker forrat JClinInvest. 1980 Luk GD, Bayless TM, BaylinSB. Diamineoxidase(histaminase). A circulating 20;1340(1):152-64. [PMID: 9217025] oxidase fromporcinekidneyandintestine.Biophys Acta. Biochim 1997Jun Schwelberger HG, BodnerE. ofdiamine andcharacterization Purification 2007;85:1185-1196. [PMID: 17490952] Maintz L, NovakN. Histamineandhistamineintolerance. AmJClinNutr 19, 2012. Intolerance.http://www.allergynutrition.com/faq.php.Histamine AccessedApril Wochenschr. 2011Jan;123(1-2):15-20. [PMID: 21165702] randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlledcross-over study. WienKlin withhistamine:reproducibility ofsinglesymptomsbyoralprovocation a Komericki P, KleinG, ReiderN, etal. Histamineintolerance: lackof Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-196

04/18/13 ™ Hormone Protect Antioxidant Activity Estrogen Metabolism and Detoxification Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Estrogen Metabolism* »» Supports a Healthy Ratio of 2-OH:16alpha-OH*

»» Supports Detoxification of Estrogen Metabolites/Intermediates* Cell-Life Regulation »» Supports Cellular Health in Estrogen-Sensitive Tissues* »» Helps Protect Against Damaging Reactive Oxygen Species, DNA- Damaging Electrophiles, and Cytokines »» Supports Antioxidant Activity with SGS*

Hormone Protect™ is an ideal combination of DIM (diindolylmethane) and SGS™ (glucoraphanin) that helps protect estrogen-sensitive tissues by promoting healthy estrogen metabolism and supporting detoxification and neutralization of harmful estrogen metabolites and xenoestrogens.* Detoxification Available in 60 capsules

Discussion Hormone Protect uses a dual-action approach to supporting healthy xenoestrogens), and reactive intermediates formed after phase I estrogen-sensitive tissues. First, it provides diindolylmethane detoxification.* (DIM) to promote healthy estrogen metabolism and create a better balance of estrogen metabolites (2-OH, 4-OH, 16alpha-OH) through Neutralizing Reactive Estrogen Quinones with SGS According to phase I cytochrome P450 enzyme induction and promotion of Bolton et al, the oxidation of catechol estrogens (2-OH and 4-OH) via 2-hydroxylation. Second, the action of DIM is complemented by cytochrome P450 enzymes generates reactive electrophilic estrogen providing sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS), which protects tissues quinones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling.[8] from unrestrained oxidative stress and uniquely supports phase Formation of quinones is largely minimized via phase II methylation, Female Health II detoxification of harmful estrogen metabolites (e.g., estrogen which produces methoxyestrogens. However, if methylation is quinones) and xenoestrogens. These actions may be important for suboptimal, estrogen quinones, which can cause DNA damage in the health of estrogen-sensitive tissues, such as those of the breast, estrogen-sensitive tissues, must be neutralized via other phase uterus, cervix, and prostate.* II enzymes such as quinone reductase. According to researchers, estrogen quinones are now recognized as a significant mechanism of DIM (diindolylmethane) DIM is an advanced metabolite of estrogen-mediated cell damage.[8,9] A promising strategy to address indole-3-carbinol (I3C), the indole found in cruciferous vegetables. their deleterious effects involves the use of agents to favorably shift Supplementation with DIM is preferred over I3C due to I3C’s undesirable the balance between phase I and phase II enzymes.[9] In fact, phase II breakdown products, including the dioxin-like molecule indolo[3,2-b] enzymes such as quinone reductase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and carbazole (ICZ).[1] It has been established that DIM supplementation glutathione S-transferase (GST) have been suggested as targets for increases 2-hydroxylation of estrogen. This science has been validated reducing these highly reactive estrogen quinones.* Male Health in animal and human studies wherein supplementation with DIM was shown to increase the ratio of the protective, “good” 2-hydroxyestrone Sulforaphane has been identified as an agent that possesses the ability (2-OH) to 16alpha hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OH).[2,3] In a study of to potently induce phase II detoxification enzymes—including quinone postmenopausal women, DIM-treated subjects, relative to placebo, reductase, HO-1, GST, and glutathione reductase—as well as to inhibit showed an increase of 47% in 2-OH/16alpha-OH.[4] Studies further phase I enzymes involved in activation.[10-12] In the case of estrogen reveal that DIM may play a critical role in supporting normal cellular quinones, quinone reductase protects cells from oxidative damage by proliferation in estrogen-sensitive tissues.*[3,5,6] two-electron reduction, thus suppressing oxidative cycling and reactive oxygen species generation.[10] Sulforaphane consumption is associated Sulforaphane Glucosinolate (SGS) Sulforaphane is the aglycone with supporting cell-line health in humans, and animal research shows breakdown product of glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate also known that sulforaphane metabolites can be found in target tissues, along with as SGS. The SGS broccoli seed extract used in Hormone Protect is a significant induction of quinone reductase and HO-1.[10] This research super vegetable that delivers extended antioxidant support and boasts has exciting implications for supporting the health of tissues as it relates a very high level of glucoraphanin (13%). Research suggests that to reactive estrogen quinones formed after phase I activation of catechol when SGS is broken down to sulforaphane (its active form), it safely estrogens (2-OH, 4-OH).*[10] and effectively upregulates the Nrf2 system, activates the antioxidant response element (ARE), enhances the production of important antioxidants, and activates vital phase II detoxification enzymes.[7] These mechanisms provide protection from toxins, xenobiotics (e.g., EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Male Health Female Health Detoxification Cell-Life Regulation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry lactating, ingredient. orallergictoany cancer treatment. Keepoutofreachchildren. Donotuseifyouarepregnant, CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifreceiving sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Hormone Protect Serving Size:2Capsules Serving silica. cellulose,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. (seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassicaoleraceaitalica) DIM (diindolylmethane) ™ ) Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGSisatrademarkof 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 300 mg 60 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** • PATENTED 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 12. 11. 10.

Aug;1766(1):63-78. [PMID: 16675129] of susceptibilityandcancerprevention.Biophys Acta. Biochim 2006 ofbreastandotherhumancancers:as initiators forbiomarkers implications E,Cavalieri D, Chakravarti GuttenplanJ, etal. estrogenquinones Catechol carcinogenesis.Res Toxicol. Chem 2008Jan;21(1):93-101. [PMID: 18052105] Bolton JL, GR.Thatcher Potential mechanismsofestrogenquinone 2011 Jul;1229:184-89. [PMID:21793854] . Sci N YAcad sulforaphane: modifications. ofposttranslational implications Ann Keum YS. systembychemopreventive oftheKeap1/Nrf2 Regulation May;19(3):199-203. [PMID: 20010430] cancerdevelopment.in preventionofprostate EurJCancerPrev. 2010 Fares F, Azzam N, B,Appel etal. The potentialefficacy of3,3’-diindolylmethane 2010 Mar;116(3):464-67. [PMID: 19939441] dysplasia. forcervical GynecolOncol. ofanonsurgicaltreatment pilot evaluation Del PrioreG, GudipudiDK, MontemaranoN, etal. Oraldiindolylmethane(DIM): Cancer. 2004;50(2):161-67. [PMID: 15623462] breastcancer. ofearly-stage postmenopausal womenwithahistory Nutr hormonemetabolitesin 3,3’-diindolylmethane supplementsonurinary Dalessandri KM, Firestone GL, Fitch MD, etal. Pilotstudy: effectof Nov;18(11):2957-64. [PMID: 19861518] K14-HPV16 transgenicmousemodel. CancerEpidemiolBiomarkersPrev. 2009 dysplasia, altersestrogenmetabolism, andenhancesimmuneresponseinthe Sepkovic DW, Stein J, Carlisle AD, etal. Diindolylmethaneinhibitscervical Thyroid. 2011Mar;21(3):299-304. [PMID: 21254914] disease: withthyroidproliferative estrogen metabolisminpatients apilotstudy. Rajoria S, SurianoR, Parmar PS, etal. 3,3’-diindolylmethanemodulates 12419834] a potentialtumorpromoter. Carcinogenesis. 2002Nov;23(11):1861-68. [PMID: hepatocytes andactsas primary inrat junctional intercellularcommunication Herrmann S, SeidelinM, BisgaardHC, etal. Indolo[3,2-b]carbazoleinhibitsgap beyond Keap1. CancerLett. 2006Feb 28;233(2):208-18. [PMID: 16520150] Myzak MC, DashwoodRH. Chemoprotectionbysulforaphane: keeponeeye 15448733] in humanlymphoblastoidcells. ActaBiochimPol . 2004;51(3):711-21. [PMID: of aphase2detoxifyingenzymeNAD(P)H:quinonereductaseandapoptosis Misiewicz I, SkupiñskaK, Kowalska E, etal. induction Sulforaphane-mediated Jul;28(7):1485-90. [PMID: 17347138] forchemopreventioninthebreast.of sulforaphane Carcinogenesis. 2007 BS,Cornblatt Ye L, Dinkova-Kostova AT, et al. Preclinical andclinical evaluation Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-248

01/22/13 ™ I-Sight Antioxidant Activity Proprietary Ocular Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Help Protect Macula, Retina & Lens from Oxidative Damage* »» Supports Healthy Eye Structure and Function*

I-Sight™ is a groundbreaking supplement for the care and support of the eyes. Developed in conjunction with respected Ophthalmologists, this formula allows for the increased intake of specific ocular antioxidants in order to maintain healthy retina, lens and eyesight function during the aging years. Significant research confirms the benefits of these ingredients.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Zinc is required by superoxide dismutase and catalase for quenching Lycopene protects against experimental cataracts. It scavenges free radicals in the lens and the retina. British researchers concluded superoxide in the retinal pigment epithelium.*[13] that “a combination of zinc and antioxidants or energy substrates rather than zinc alone should provide a safer and more effective way to treat a disease such as AMD.”*[1]

L- Taurine and zinc interact in retinal morphology and function.[2] This most abundant free amino acid in the retina is tissue-protective in models of oxidative damage,[3] essential for normal visual development in infants and may support eye health throughout life.*[4]

N-Acetyl Cysteine, critical for maintaining the reduced state of sulfhydryl-containing proteins in the lens, may have a beneficial effect on progression to advanced AMD.[5] Cysteine is important for cell growth, apoptosis and immune function.*[5]

Bilberry, although formerly mistakenly credited with supporting adaptation to variation in light intensity, it is rich in anthocyanadins and has superoxide radical- and peroxynitrite-scavenging activities.*[6,7]

Alpha Lipoic Acid in its reduced form regenerates vitamin C and glutathione and can recycle vitamin E (antioxidants). It is particularly useful in cataracts that are a complication of diabetes.*[8]

Quercitin inhibits oxidative damage in the lens and inhibits aldose reductase, the enzyme considered key to the formation of diabetic cataracts.*[9]

Lutein Extract (containing zeaxanthin) may be considered “conditionally essential”. Low levels are associated with macular degeneration and cataracts and a 30-mg supplement increased macular pigmentation and improved visual acuity in patients with ARMD.[10,11] Lutein protects the eyes from blue light.*[12]

® ZincBisglycinateChelate) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 100 mg 150 mg 180 mg 200 mg 400 mg 30 mg 35 mg 6 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 233% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 13. 12.

carotenoids inhumans.JNutr. 2003Jun;133(6):1953[PMID: 12672909] ofthese supplements raisemacularpigmentdensityandserumconcentrations Bone RA, LandrumJT, GuerraLH, RuizCA.Luteinandzeaxanthindietary 15;150(1):57-83. [PMID: 15068825] Alves-Rodrigues A, Shao A The sciencebehindlutein. Toxicol Lett .2004 Apr Jul 1;33(1):63-70[PMID: 12086683] in inhibitionofhydrogenperoxideinducedcataract. Free RadicBiolMed. 2002 Cornish KM, Williamson G, SandersonJ. Quercetinmetabolisminthelens: role 11684397] prevention ofdiabetescomplications. Nutrition. 2001Oct;17(10):888-95. [PMID: Packer L, KraemerK, RimbachG.Molecularaspectsoflipoicacidinthe Res. 2006Sep;40(9):993-1002[PMID: 17015281] of anthocyanins; andtheirsynergism. structure-activityrelationship Free Radic Rahman MM, etal. activity Superoxideradical-andperoxynitrite-scavenging Jan-Feb;49(1):38-50 [PMID: 14711439] reviewofplacebocontrolledtrials.vision--a systematic Ophthalmol. Surv 2004 Canter PH, ErnstE. Anthocyanosides of Vaccinium fornight myrtillus(bilberry) Ophthalmol. 2005Dec;140(6):1020-6[PMID: 1637664] cysteine/cystine maculardegeneration. withage-related AmJ redoxinpatients Moriarty-Craige SE, etal. of Antioxidant supplementspreventoxidation 3437473] taurine-free humaninfantformula. JNeurosciRes. 1987;18(4):597-601. [PMID: Neuringer M, SturmanJ. Visual acuitylossinrhesusmonkeyinfantsfeda FEMS MicrobiolLett. 2003Sep26;226(2):195-202[PMID: 14553911] Schuller-Levis GB, Park E. Taurine: foranoldaminoacid. newimplications retina. JNutr. 1997Jun;127(6):1206-13[PMID: 9187637] aninteractionbetweenzincandtaurineinthedevelopingrat demonstrate Gottschall-Pass KT, etal. potentialsandlightmicroscopicchanges Oscillatory 28(10):1525-33. [PMID: 14570397] stress toretinalpigmentedepithelialcells. NeurochemRes. 2003Oct; Wood JP, OsborneNN. requirementsininductionofoxidative Zincandenergy Sep;19(9):794-9 [PMID: 12921892] development:cataract aninvitroandvivostudy. Nutrition. 2003 Gupta SK, etal. Lycopene stressinducedexperimental oxidative attenuates JFrdegeneration] Ophtalmol. 2004Nov;27(9Pt2):3S38-56[PMID: 15602406] Desmettre T, LecerfJM, SouiedEH. macular [Nutritionandage-related Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-146

12/12/12 ™ i5 Cell-Life Regulation BIOTRANSFORMATION SHAKE MIX* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Improved Body Composition* »» Supports Immune Function* Cytokine Balance Support »» Supports Healthy Cytokine Production* »» Supports Intestinal Health* »» Supports Detoxification*

i5™ represents an innovative approach to biotransformation for individuals whose health is constantly challenged. This all-natural, fructose-free formula includes ingredients that promote overall gastrointestinal health and support the body’s natural ability to detoxify and respond to inflammation. i5 features patented and proprietary ingredients, including 21 g of VegaPro™, a non-GMO, vegetable-based protein, as well as IgG 2000 DF™, OncoPLEX™ (glucoraphanin), and arabinogalactan, a prebiotic. Practitioners have reported best results in conjunction with a modified elimination diet.* Detoxification Available in Chocolate Mint, Chai, Creamy Chocolate & Vanilla Delight

Discussion VegaPro™ Proteins for functional foods need to possess a good basic from free radical damage, and thus promotes overall health and nutritional quality. This includes a high protein level, a well-balanced well-being.* amino acid profile, and good digestibility. XYMOGEN’s proprietary VegaPro meets these guidelines. In addition, pea and rice proteins are Arabinogalactan Present in many plants, arabinogalactan is a non- free of gluten and lactose, are generally considered hypoallergenic digestible, soluble dietary fiber that contains arabinose and galactose Gastrointestinal Support foods, and have a low level of flatulent sugars. The blend also contains monosaccharides. The GRAS-designated source of arabinogalactan non-GMO chicory, a source of soluble fiber.* in i5 is the larch tree. In addition to involvement in cellular communication and possession of immunosupportive properties, The pea protein isolate in VegaPro is non-GMO and naturally obtained arabinogalactan minimizes ammonia synthesis and absorption, by simple water extraction, which keeps all the nutritional qualities enhances production of short-chain fatty acids, and favorably alters intact. It has a protein content of 90%, excellent digestibility (98%), the gut microflora. Arabinogalactan is considered a prebiotic.* and a well-balanced amino-acid profile, including a particularly high content of lysine, arginine, and branched-chain amino acids. The combination of rice protein and pea protein achieves an amino acid score of 100%. Immune System Support IgG 2000 DF™ A GRAS (generally recognized as safe), purified, highly concentrated (45%), and consistent source of bovine serum-derived immunoglobulin antibodies and immunoproteins, IgG 2000 DF supports immunity by positively affecting immunoglobulin levels in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral immunoglobulins have proven efficacy in addressing microbial presence. IgG 2000 DF is also very low in saturated fat and is dairy free. This ingredient contains beneficial growth factors associated with healthy lean muscle mass and greater protein efficiency. Its TGF-ß is known to support secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgG 2000 DF has also been shown to positively modify cytokine production.*

SGS™ This patented ingredient in OncoPLEX SGS™ is obtained by extracting glucoraphanin (also known as sulforaphane glucosinolate or “sgs”) from its most concentrated cruciferous source—broccoli seeds. Much research demonstrates that when glucoraphanin is broken down to its active form sulforaphane, it safely and effectively upregulates the body’s natural phase II detoxification enzymes. With its long-lasting antioxidant activity, glucoraphanin protects cells

EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support Detoxification Cytokine Balance Support Cell-Life Regulation © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orartificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, dairy fish, shellfish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. andthickness. todesiredsweetness Adjust amountofwater andconsumeonetotwotimesdaily,water orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare DIRECTIONS: Blend, shakeorbrisklystir2levelscoops(53g)into8-12ozchilled i5 xanthan gum,OncoPLEX protein isolate),arabinogalactan,medium-chaintriglycerides,potassiumcitrate,seasalt,Aminogen Glucoraphanin (fromOncoPLEX Arabinogalactan (2scoops)ofi5 Per Serving Tyrosine Threonine Serine Isoleucine Leucine Valine Alanine Glycine Typical AminoAcidProfilePerServing: Calories 160 Amount PerServing PerContainer:14 Servings Size2scoops(53g) Serving Phenylalanine Aspartic Acid Other Ingredients:VegaPro * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Iron Calcium Protein 21g Sugars5g Fiber9g Dietary Total Carbohydrate15g Potassium 270mg Sodium 400mg SaturatedFat2g Total Fat3.5g IgG 2000DF (from chicory) andoatfiber),naturalflavors(noMSG),sunfloweroil,IgG2000DF (from chicory) protein concentrate,andL-glutamine),cocoapowder, organicdriedcanesyrup,fibercomplex(inulin ™ ChocolateMintSupplementFacts of BrassicaProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGSisatrademark 5,968,567; 6,177,122;and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ™ AMINOGEN AMINOGEN ™ (SGS ® ® ™ isprotectedunderU.S.patent5,387,422. isaregisteredtrademarkofTriarcoIndustries. ™ (XYMOGEN’s blendofpeaproteinisolate,glycine,taurine,rice proprietary : ™ ™ 1,358 mg broccoliseedextract),andstevialeafextract. ) 1,018 mg 1,040 mg 2,007 mg 1,249 mg 1,040 mg 2,987 mg 1,307 mg 2,713 mg 948 mg *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN Tryptophan Methionine EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE Glutamine Histidine Cysteine Arginine Taurine Proline Lysine ™ (immunoglobulin Calories FromFat25 ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value*

2,006 mg 1,757 mg 1,111 mg 3,957 mg 610 mg 290 mg 313 mg 256 mg 500 mg 30 mg ® 2.5 g 30% 42% 36% 17% 10% , 5% 5% 8% 5% 1 g • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 11.

Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):279-85. [PMID: 11506055] gastrointestinal andbloodparametersinhealthyhumansubjects. Robinson RR, Feirtag J, JL. Slavin arabinogalactanon Effectsofdietary Sci USA.1997Sept16;94(19):10367-72. [PMID: 9294217] Acad chemicalcarcinogens.Natl protectagainst inducers ofenzymesthat Proc Fahey JW, Zhang Y, Talalay P. Broccolisprouts: anexceptionallyrichsourceof carcinogenesis. AdvEnzymeRegul.1989;28: 237-50. [PMID: 2696344] Talalay P. chemical protectagainst Mechanismsofinductionenzymesthat Oct;37(9-10):973-79. [PMID: 10541453] enzymes.inducer ofPhaseIIdetoxification Chem Toxicol. Food Fahey JW, Talalay P. Antioxidant functionsofsulforaphane: apotent and women. Nutrition.2001Mar;17(3):243-7. [PMID: 11312068] compositionandexerciseperformanceinactivemen onbody supplementation Antonio J, SandersMS, Van GammerenD. The effectsofbovinecolostrum Nutr. 2004Oct;134(10):2667-72. [PMID: 15465764] challengedwithS.immune responseofweanedrats aureusSuperantigenB. J Pérez-Bosque A, Pelegrí C, Vicario M, etal. plasmaproteinaffectsthe Dietary 1998;124(2):284-90. [PMID: 9706150] thearchitecture. andpreserves bacterialtranslocation Surgery.abrogates Dickinson EC, GorgaJC, GarrettM, etal. Immunoglobulin A supplementation 10337007] using bovineantibodies. ClinExpImmunol. 1999May;116(2):193-205. [PMID: Weiner C, Pan Q, HurtigM, etal. Passive humanpathogens immunityagainst Nutr. 1997Jun;127(6):1160-5. [PMID: 9187631] nitrogen exhibitsgoodilealdigestibilityandpostprandialretentioninhumans. J Gausserès N, MahéS, BenamouzigR, etal. [15N]-labeledpeaflourprotein Food Chem. 2001Mar;49(3):1208-12[PMID: 11312837] contentofoligosaccharidesandphytate. withlow pea-protein isolate JAgric Fredrikson M, BiotP, Alminger ML, etal. Productionprocessforhigh-quality functional diversity. CritRevBiotechnol. 2002;22(1):65-84. [PMID: 11958336] RN.Tharanathan Food-derived complexityand carbohydrates—structural Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

1999 Sep- J Am Coll Rev. (RV) DRS-215

06/10/13 IgG 2000 DF™ Cytokine Balance Support Proprietary Immunoglobulin Concentrate Clinical Applications

»» Provides Immune Support*[1,2] »» Binds and Neutralizes Foreign Microbes in the Gut*[3,4,5] »» Supports Healthy Cytokine Balance/GI Mucosal Integrity*[6]

»» Supports Lean Muscle Mass*[7,12] Female Health »» Supports Healthy Cholesterol Levels*[15]

IgG 2000 DF™ represents a breakthrough in immunoglobulin supplementation. It is a highly concentrated, non-dairy source of serum- derived immunoglobulin antibodies and immunoproteins. It possesses three times more immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total immunoglobulins than colostrum and has twice as much cysteine, an important amino acid for maintaining glutathione levels. Compared to colostrum alone, IgG 2000 DF delivers 15 times the level of transferrin and lactoferrin. Gastrointestinal Support Convenient, easy-to-swallow capsules allow dose flexibility. A health maintenance dose of 2.5 g/day immunoglobulin concentrate can easily Available in 30 and 90 servings powder and 120 and 360 capsules be achieved with four capsules, and simply doubling that dose will provide more aggressive immune support.* (Note: 8 capsules = 1 Tbsp IgG 2000 DF powder) Discussion The basic functions of immunoglobulins are the neutralization and Growth factors, in proper combination, are thought to play an opsonization of harmful microbes. Immunoglobulins allow the immune important role in digestive health and nutrient utilization. Those in system to differentiate foreign microbes from the body’s normal IgG 2000 DF™ are similar to the level and balance found in healthy microflora.* individuals. TGFß-1 and IGF-1 are involved in the restitution of cells damaged in the digestive tract. TGF-ß is known to stimulate the Immune System Support The transfer of immunity through oral supplementation is a natural, secretion of IgA.* logical, and effective process for obtaining immunity. In adults, the concentration of immunoglobulin in the digestive tract and on mucosal The manufacturer of IgG 2000 DF uses a process that provides a surfaces predicts the risk of infection.* similar concentration of IGF-1 to what normal human serum contains. Being the same as normal human serum has these advantages: (1) No Almost 80% of all foreign microbes either enter the body through change in the way the product would influence normal, healthy cells mucosal tissue or stay localized on mucosal surfaces. Each day, than would normal serum; (2) For damaged tissue, IGF-1 at normal the gastrointestinal tract immune cells produce about five grams levels in serum has been shown to have a positive effect on the repair of immunoglobulins. However, during times of stress, there is process; and (3) If absorbed, the amount of IGF-1 from IgG 2000 DF significantly reduced secretion. Supplemental immunoglobulins act will contribute very little to the serum pool of IGF-1, meaning that first in the intestinal tract to eliminate or inhibit the proliferation of supplementation with IgG 2000 DF will not increase circulating IGF-1 disease-causing organisms and toxins. This reduces the stimulation of levels.* the immune response in the gut so that the body’s resources can be redirected toward challenges elsewhere.* What insures that IgG 2000 DF is a safe formula to use? IgG 2000 DF consists of naturally occurring proteins that are concentrated using Many of the studies on immunoglobulins involving immune stringent quality control procedures. The raw material is collected challenge have been animal rather than human studies because in USDA-inspected facilities and approved for use in food products. of the expense and difficulty using human subjects. Studies have The purification of IgG 2000 DF takes place in a closed system which shown oral immunoprotein supplementation encourages healthy prevents contamination, and the facility itself is compliant with FDA appetite,[7] supports favorable cytokine balance,[8,9,11] and promotes (Food and Drug Administration) current good manufacturing practice improved protein metabolism under immunological stress.[10,13] Oral (cGMP) regulations for food products. The final product must meet the supplementation has been shown to preserve gut wall integrity and strict internal quality standards for ingredients used in infant formula. provide intestinal humoral immunity.[6] Extrapolated data from a To eliminate the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), human clinical trial on intestinal health demonstrated that sufferers commonly known as mad cow disease, only US beef cattle are used in could experience 35 extra days of wellness annually.*[14] the production of IgG 2000 DF. It is also important to note that bovine growth hormone (rBGH/rBST) is not approved for use in beef cattle Transferrin, a family of iron-binding, bacteriostatic proteins, regulates (as it is for dairy cattle). A long history of use in the food supply, the and reduces the amount of free iron available to the invading foreign presence of low concentrations of the primary proteins in milk, and microbes.* published clinical studies in adults[15] and children[16,17] support the safety of this formula.*

™ ™ powderSupplementFacts capsulesSupplementFacts ™ ™ ) )

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE Amount PerServing Amount PerServing 562.5 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. 1.25 g 2.25 g 5 g %DV %DV ** ** ** ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

5. [PMID: 7883628] rate,growth andefficiency ofgaininmice. JAnimSci. 1994Oct;72(10):2690- Thompson JE, etal. Effectofspray-driedporcineplasmaproteinonfeedintake, Sci. 2005Dec;83(12):2876-85. [PMID: 16282627] plasma andimmunoglobulinsonperformanceofearlyweanedpigs. JAnim Pierce JL, CromwellGL, LindemannMD, etal. Effectsofspray-driedanimal 9055898] inCrohn’streatment disease. ActaPaediatr. 1997Feb;86(2):221-3. [PMID: Tjellström B, StenhammarL, KE, Magnusson etal. Oralimmunoglobulin Aug;72(8):2075-81. [PMID: 7982837] performanceintheearly-weanedpig.plasma ongrowth JAnim.Sci.1994 LJ,Kats NelssenJL, Tokach MD, etal. The effectofspray-driedporcine intestinal epithelium.. Surgery 1998 Aug;124(2):284-90. [PMID: 9706150] thearchitectureof andpreserves bacterialtranslocation abrogates Dickinson EC, GorgaJC, GarrettM, etal. Immunoglobulin A supplementation Microbiol. 1986Feb;11(1-2):103-15. [PMID: 3518222] and immunoglobulins(IgG1, IgG2, IgM)actingaloneorincombination. Vet Rainard P. BacteriostasisofEscherichiacolibybovinelactoferrin, transferrin Appl Bacteriol. 1995June;78(6):655-662. [PMID: 7615421] normal andimmuneserum, Helicobacterpylori. colostrumandmilkagainst J Korhonen H, SyväojaEL, Ahola-Luttila H, etal. Bactericidaleffectofbovine 8096933] Campylobacter jejunienteritis. Lancet. 1993 17;341(8851):1036.Apr [PMID: Hammarström V, SmithCI, HammarströmL. in Oral immunoglobulintreatment 10337007] using bovineantibodies.ClinExpImmunol.1999May;116(2):193-205. [PMID: Weiner, C, Pan, Q, Hurtig, M, etal. Passive human pathogens immunityagainst [PMID: 2295405] with hyperimmunebovinecolostrum. Gastroenterology. 1990Feb;98(2):486-9. diarrhea inanacquiredimmunodeficiency aftertreatment syndromepatient Ungar, BL, Ward, DJ, Fayer, R, etal. associated ofCryptosporidium Cessation Pediatr GastroenterolNutr. 1997Oct;25(4):381-4. [PMID: 9327366] spray-dried bovineserumaddedtodietsofrecoveringmalnourishedchildren. Lembcke JL, Peerson JM, KH. Brown Acceptability, safety, anddigestibilityof community. EurJClinNutr. 2008Jan;62(1):39-50. [PMID: 17299460] ofyoungchildreninalow-income,micronutrient status peri-urbanGuatemalan with orwithoutsupplementalmicronutrients, onthegrowth, morbidity, and Bégin F, SantizoMC, Peerson JM, etal. Effectsofbovineserumconcentrate, Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;81(4):792-8. [PMID: 15817854] serum immunoglobulininparticipantswithmildhypercholesterolemia. AmJ Earnest CP, Jordan AN, SafirM, etal. effectsofbovine Cholesterol-lowering Unpublished. 2005. syndromeinadouble-blindplacebocontrolledclinicalirritable bowel trial. Weaver AL, etal. ondiarrhea-predominant The effectsofbovineIgisolate 2000 Aug;130(8):2016-9. [PMID: 10917918] inearly-weanedpigs. proteinforleantissuegrowth than extrudedsoy JNutr. Jiang R, ChangX, StollB, etal. plasmaproteinisusedmoreefficiently Dietary and women. Nutrition. 2001Mar;17(3):243-7. [PMID: 11312068] compositionandexerciseperformanceinactivemen onbody supplementation Antonio J, SandersMS, Van GammerenD. The effectsofbovinecolostrum enterocolitis. ActaPediatrSupple. 1994:396:37-40. [PMID: 8086680] anditspossiblerelevanceforthepreventionofnecrotizing (IgA-IgG) preparation Wolf HM, EiblMM. effectofanoralimmunoglobulin The anti-inflammatory Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-105

03/21/13 J ™ IgG Pure Cell-Life Regulation Pure, New Zealand-Sourced Whey Protein Clinical Applications »» Source of High-Quality Protein for Individuals Requiring Protein Supplementation* »» Promotes/Supports Healthy Body Composition* »» Supports Immune Response* Female Health »» Supports Healthy Intestinal Function* »» Improves Glutathione (GSH) Levels*

IgG Pure™, a natural, nutritionally advanced, bioactive whey protein concentrate, contains immunoglobulins that support the delicate balance of the body’s immune system. The whey is sourced from New Zealand cows where herds are free from environmental contaminants and are not subjected to hormones and antibiotics that are commonly used elsewhere. This undenatured protein is a rich source of amino acids,

including those needed for the synthesis of glutathione, an important Gastrointestinal Support antioxidant that can be depleted by stress. This formula is resistant to stomach acid and supports intestinal health. The 80% protein content supports healthy body composition.* Available in 15 servings powder Discussion Whey protein is one of the two major proteins in cow’s milk. The New lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin are other Zealand herds used for producing IgG Pure™ are not given hormones proteins in IgG Pure™ that contribute to glutathione synthesis and and are not intentionally infected with a pathogen to force them support immune function.*[3,4] to make antibodies specific to that pathogen. IgG Pure is a whey protein, rich in immunoglobulins (antibodies) derived from very careful In addition, supplementation with whey protein may support glucose Immune System Support processing techniques under controlled temperature and pH. During metabolism and muscle protein synthesis in humans.[5] In a group of a series of ultrafiltration steps, lactose and water are removed from women, whey protein improved body composition, but soy protein did a slurry of whey. Special care is taken to maintain the integrity of the not.*[6] antibodies and to optimize the protein complex. In comparison to fluid cow’s milk and ordinary whey protein concentrate, IgG Pure contains significantly greater concentrations of proteins and immunoglobulins.*

IgG Pure can be used not only as a high biological value protein source for healthy individuals but also to provide immunoglobulins to those in need. The immunoglobulins it contains are almost identical to those of the mammalian species and resist peptic digestion. The immune- balancing effect of immunoglobulins supports the body’s normal defense mechanisms.*[1,2] Sports Nutrition

Each antibody in IgG Pure (IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA) has a specific role in immune function. IgM responds quickly to an antigen and specifically to bacteria and viruses. Later in the response, IgG1 and IgG2 attack viruses and toxins. IgA is critical in the body’s immune system. The immunoglobulins also contribute to the humoral immunity of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).*

Among IgG Pure’s ingredients is a high concentration of the branched- chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine, which can be used by skeletal muscle during stress and to support nitrogen utilization. The semi-essential amino acid arginine increases the activity of natural killer and lymphokine-activated cells as well as IGF-1.*[1]

Cysteine and glutamate are found in higher concentrations in IgG Pure than in other high-biological–value proteins. These amino acids serve as precursors to glutathione,[3] an endogenous antioxidant especially needed during stress, exercise, and poor nutrition. Lactoferrin, alpha-

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Sports Nutrition Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support Female Health Cell-Life Regulation Leucine Isoleucine Histidine Glycine Glutamine Cysteine Aspartic Acid Arginine © XYMOGEN Alanine Typical AminoAcidProfilePerServing: STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry nuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating theprotein.because theirenzymesmaydeactivate requirebakingorboiling.recipes that Also, orpapaya donotmixwithpineapple andmaintaintheproteinactivitylevel,denaturation donotmixinhotdrinksor once dailyorasrecommendedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. To preventprotein recipe oraddtoyourfavorite DIRECTIONS: Mix2scoopswithacoldbeverage Size:2scoops(20g) Serving IgG Pure † Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Contains: Milk. Other Ingredients:WheyProteinConcentrate. ** DailyValue notestablished. SaturatedFat Cholesterol Total Carbohydrate Protein Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Sodium Potassium Immunoglobulins Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ SupplementFacts 1824 mg 1120 mg 2976 mg 1808 mg 320 mg 336 mg 464 mg 448 mg 864 mg *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing Phenylalanine All XYMOGEN Tryptophan Methionine Threonine Tyrosine Proline Lysine Serine Valine 130 mg 45 mg 70 mg 50 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1.5 g 1.6 g 16 g 1 g 1 g 15 80 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 1024 mg 1184 mg 1040 mg 1504 mg 560 mg 336 mg 864 mg 560 mg 416 mg 0.3% 15% 32% 2% 5% 7% 5% 3% 1% 4% ** † 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

21677076] and obeseadults. JNutr. 2011 Aug;141(8):1489-94. [Epub2011Jun15][PMID: weightandcompositioninfree-livingoverweight altersbody supplementation Baer DJ, StoteKS, Paul DR, etal. protein Whey proteinbutnotsoy 2011 Nov;14(6):569-80. [PMID: 21912246] studies.evidence fromhumanintervention CurrOpinClinNutrMetabCare. Graf S, EgertS, HeerM. Effectsofwheyproteinsupplementsonmetabolism: 9779289] individuals. ArchImmunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1998;46(4):231-40. [PMID: containingbovinelactoferrintakenorallybyhealthy nutritional preparation Zimecki M, Właszczyk A, CheneauP, etal. effectsofa Immunoregulatory role ofglutathione. ClinInvestMed . 1991 Aug;14(4):296-309. [PMID: 1782728] Bounous G, GoldP. wheyproteins: dietary The biologicalactivityofundenatured Minneapolis, MN: Chronimed;1996. Sound Take-Charge PlantoMaintain Weight andImprove Your QualityofLife. Bell SJ, Forse RA. Positive NutritionforHIV-Infected & AIDS: A Medically review article. [Accessibleuponrequest] Bell SJ. enrichedwithimmunoglobulins.Whey proteinconcentrate Unpublished Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-155

04/03/13 ™ Immune Essentials Antioxidant Activity Short-Term Immune Support* Clinical Applications

»» Antioxidant Support* »» Supports Healthy Immune Function* Immune System Support »» Supports the Body’s Defenses Against Seasonal Immune Challenges*

Each Immune Essentials™ capsule features the same concentrated, naturally derived beta 1,3/1,6 glucan used in XYMOGEN’s ImmunotiX™ formulas, plus standardized olive leaf extract and vitamin C as ascorbic acid. These ingredients support the body’s natural immune mechanisms to help maintain good health. This formula is designed to be taken short term.*

Available in 45 capsules

Discussion Every day, whether by choice or by chance, millions of people Olive Leaf Extract, from the traditional medicinal plant Olea encounter physical, emotional, and physiological stress that can europaea, has been shown to possess an array of healthful attributes, challenge the immune system. Immune Essentials™ is formulated including antioxidant properties and effective immune support to provide support for immune system function and antioxidant against opportunistic microbes. Olive leaf’s multifaceted effects on activity.[1-5] Although sometimes recommended for daily use, this the immune system include the ability to stimulate phagocytosis formula is also effective when employed at the first sign of immune (an immune response against harmful microbes) and neutralize challenge.* production of reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes that can adversely alter the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of healthy cells.*[16-18] Whole Glucan Particle (WGP), purified fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae, is the same high-quality 1,3/1,6 beta-glucan found in Oleuropein, a bitter glycoside that was isolated from olive leaf in the ImmunotiX 250™. This form is considered to be the most effective[2,6-8] late 19th century,[19] was found to be further hydrolyzed in the body because it provides immune support without the impurities that can to elenolic acid, which is believed to be its most active component. interfere with uptake and effectiveness.[3,6,9] Mannan, a potential Research reveals that both olive leaf extract and oleuropein exert trigger for cytokine-modulating reactions, has been removed.* positive immune effects, but olive leaf acts in a dose-dependent manner; that is, the greater the dose of olive leaf, the greater the Research indicates that orally administered yeast beta-glucan is inhibition of microbial replication.[17] Immune Essentials provides processed by macrophages,[4,6,10,11] with subsequent increases concentrated olive leaf extract that is standardized to 20% oleuropein, in phagocytosis, selective cytokine release, and oxidative while less concentrated formulas are standardized to as little as 6% degranulation.[12] Macrophages degrade beta-glucan into small oleuropein.* fragments that are then bound to neutrophils (granulocytes). This action primes the neutrophils and enhances their ability to eradicate Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) is a well-known antioxidant and plays microbial challenges.[6,9,13] Prophylactic administration of beta- an important role in immune support.[20] While most mammals are glucan promotes production of antioxidant enzymes and assists in able to synthesize ascorbic acid, humans are unable to. They can ameliorating microbial imbalance.[5] Sustained release of beta-glucan quickly become depleted if intake is inadequate or requirements fragments into bone marrow may affect white blood cell recovery, a are increased due to exposure to stress, smoking, pollution, and unique mechanism of action exhibited by the beta-glucan found in temperature changes.* Immune Essentials.*[14] Vitamin C supplementation has been studied for more than six A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted decades with respect to moderating the severity or duration of acute during the peak of seasonal immune challenge. Subjects receiving immune challenges. Benefits are most notable in cases of extreme 250 mg of WGP had a significant reduction in the number of days physical stress.[20] A Cochrane Review examined 65 years of placebo- in which signs of immune distress were experienced.[15] A 12-week, controlled studies (55 studies) in which at least 200 mg of vitamin C randomized, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1,3/1,6 was administered. Within three meta-analyses, in a subgroup of six beta-glucan from S cerevisiae confirmed that long-term use was well studies, vitamin C reduced signs of acute immune challenge on an tolerated and supported immune system function.*[3] average of 50% in marathon runners, skiers, and soldiers that had been physically stressed or exposed to cold temperatures.*[21] EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products,dairy fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeastprotein, soy, animalor practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating by yourhealthcarepractitioner.* on anemptystomach. onceortwicewithin24hours, Repeat oruseasdirected DIRECTIONS: For support, earlyandimmediate withwater takethreecapsules Immune Essentials Serving Size:3Capsules Serving 7,981,447; US7,022,685;7,566,704;6,369,216;5,702,719andpatentspending. MAY BECOVEREDBYONEORMOREOFTHEFOLLOWINGPATENTS ANDAPPLICATIONS: US silica. celluose,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Whole GlucanParticle(Beta-Glucannaturallyderivedfrom Olive Extract(Oleaeuropaea)(leaf)(20%oleuropein) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 250mg 1000 mg ® 1 g Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %DailyValue 1667% ** ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

2011 May10;270(2):183-7. [PMID: 21636079] regulatory T cellsandenhancestheeffector T cellproliferation. CellImmunol. ß-glucanimpairsthesuppressiveeffectofCD4(+)CD25(+) by particulate Tian J, MaJ, Wang S, etal. IncreasedexpressionofmGITRLonD2SC/1cells activity. IntJImmunopharmacol.1998Nov;20(11):595-614. [PMID: 9848393] with increasedleukocyte burst countsandincreasedneutrophiloxidative withPGG-glucanis associated treated aureusinrats resistant Staphylococcus Liang J, MelicanD, CafroL, etal. Enhancedclearance ofamultipleantibiotic- .herbssupplements/betaglucan.asp Accessed June7, 2012. StandardDatabase.Natural http://naturalstandard.com/databases/ Oncol. 2011Feb 10;2(2):115-9. [PMID: 21603320] Vetvicka V. Glucan-immunostimulant, adjuvant, potentialdrug. World JClin Biol Ther.Cancer 2009Feb;8(3):218-25. [PMID: 19106638] sources inconjunctionwithanti-tumormonoclonal incancertherapy. antibody Driscoll M, HansenR, DingC, etal. potentialofvariousbeta-glucan Therapeutic model ofsepsis. JInvestSurg. 2008Sep-Oct;21(5):237-43. [PMID: 19160131] andpuncture stressincecalligation onoxidative and beta-glucanpretreatment Senoglu N, Yuzbasioglu MF, Aral M, etal. ProtectiveeffectsofN-acetylcysteine Biol Ther.Opin 2005May;5(5):691-702. [PMID: 15934844] in conjunctionwithantitumourmonoclonal cancer. antibodiestotreat Expert Yan J, Allendorf DJ, BrandleyB. Yeast wholeglucanparticle (WGP)beta-glucan of Wellmune WGP Feldman S, SchwartzHI, KalmanDS, etal. RandomizedphaseIIclinical trials journals/JANAVol52.pdf. Accessed June6, 2012. cancer inmice. JANA. 2002;5(2):5-9. Reprint. http://www.ana-jana.org/Journal/ anthraxinfectionand yeast ß1,3-glucanprophylacticallyprotectsagainst Vetvicka V, Terayama K, MandevilleR, etal. Pilotstudy: orally-administered yeast beta1,3glucans. MedGen. 2003Mar21;5(1):1. [PMID:12827062] Kournikakis B, MandevilleR, BrousseauP, etal. Anthrax-protective effectsof [PMID: 17636648] the commoncold. SystRev. CochraneDatabase 2007Jul18;(3):CD000980. Douglas RM, HemiläH,ChalkerE , etal. Vitamin Cforpreventingandtreating content/16/1/49.full.pdf+html. Accessed June4, 2012. Comp & Alt Med(JEBCAM).2011Jan;16(1):49-57. http://chp.sagepub.com/ Schlueter AK, JohnstonCS. Vitamin C:. JEvid-Based andUpdate Overview 2007. Incorporated; Ritchason J. OliveLeafExtract . SaltLakeCity, UT: Woodland Publishing Mycoses. 2003 Apr;46(3-4):132-136. [PMID: 12870202] Markin D, DuekL, BerdicevskyI. Invitroantimicrobialactivityofoliveleaves. Res. 2005Jun;66(2-3): 129-36. [PMID: 15869811] septicaemiarhabdovirus(VHSV). viralhaemorrhagic activity against Antiviral Micol V, N, Caturla Pérez-Fons L, etal. The oliveleafextractexhibitsantiviral May; 101(10);3751-4. [PMID: 20106659] combined phenolicsinOleaeuropaealeafextract. BioresourTechnol. 2010 Lee OH, LeeBY. Antioxidant andantimicrobial activities ofindividualand programme_v3_nov-2010.pdf. Accessed June7, 2012. brookes.ac.uk/images/pdfs/research/functional-food/conference/conference- Functional Food Conference;Nov25-26;2010;Oxford, UK. http://www.shs. infection symptoms. In: Programmeand Abstracts ofthe1stUKInternational tract of yeast-derived1,3/1,6glucopolysaccharidetoreduceupperrespiratory Fuller R, Yam T, ButtH, etal. A randomisedcontrolledtrialtoassesstheability early-acting cytokines.. ActaHaematol 1999;102(2):66-71. [PMID: 10529508] enhances humanmyelopoiesisbydirectactionindependentofandadditiveto Turnbull, JL, Patchen ML, ScaddenDT. The polysaccharide, PGGglucan, 15300205] a complexchemotacticingredient.. Surgery 2004 Aug;136(2):384-9. [PMID: Tsikitis V, Albina J, ReichnerJ. Beta-glucanaffectsleukocyte in navigation 2005;54(5):557-64. [PMID: 16238470] with beta-glucanderivedfromSaccharomycescerevisiae. PhysiolRes. Pelizon AC, KanenoR, Soares AM, etal. activitiesassociated Immunomodulatory ß-glucans. Blood. 2011Jun23;117(25):6825-36. [PMID: 21531981] andsolubleyeast-derived antitumor immuneresponsesbyparticulate Qi C, Cai Y, GunnL, etal. andadaptive innate regulating Differentialpathways Vol9Iss1/FeldmanVol9No1.pdf. Accessed June6, 2012. Res. 2009March-June;9(1&2):30-42. http://jrnlappliedresearch.com/articles/ Additional referencesavailable uponrequest ® forimmunesupportduringcoldandfluseason. JAppl

Rev. (RV) DRS-235

01/23/13 ImmunoBar™ Immune System Support Chocolate Fudge Protein Bar Featuring IgG 2000 DF™ Clinical Applications

»» Low Calorie Meal Replacement, Accompaniment or Snack* »» Support for General Wellness* Weight Management »» Gastrointestinal Support* »» Immune Support During Increased Exposure to Pathogens and/or Stress*

ImmunoBar™ is a great-tasting, health-promoting, chocolate-flavored functional food in convenient bar form. What sets this trans fat-free bar with its 15 grams of high quality protein, only 12 grams net carbs, 3 grams of fiber, and mostly 25% DV of many vitamins and minerals apart from most all bars is its 2.5 gram content of serum-derived immunoglobulins that support immune response, gut permeability and more.* Available in Chocolate Fudge Discussion Approximately five grams of immunoglobulins are produced in the Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) present are bifidogenic, immuno- digestive tract daily. Stress and other conditions reduce synthesis stimulatory, relieve constipation and decrease pathogenic bacteria in and secretion.[1] Oral immunoglobulin supplementation can restore the intestine.[14] The vitamin and mineral content of the ImmunoBar™ health when there is stress on the immune system[1] and help lend further support to immune enhancement and overall wellness.* preserve the normal intestinal barrier. Complex interactions between cells and cytokines directly connect the GI tract to the respiratory tract and other mucosal surfaces. Although orally supplemented immunoglobulins are not absorbed into the bloodstream, they benefit overall immunity by reducing the demand for immunoglobulins in the gut and conserving or redirecting the body’s own immune resources to wherever they may be needed.*

IgG 2000 DF™ is a natural, concentrated source of bovine-derived immunoglobulins and immuno-proteins clinically tested for safety and shown to produce specific humoral immunity against a broad range of human pathogens such as E. coli[2,3] H. pylori[4], cryptosporidia[5] and rotovirus.[6,7,8] Besides being rich in immunoglobulins, IgG 2000 DF™ contains transferrin, endotoxin-binding proteins, and other acute-phase proteins. Also present are IGF-1 and TGF-β that assist recovery.*

A clinical study showed that serum proteins such as those found in IgG 2000 DF™ increased nutrient utilization when they replaced milk protein in the diets of children.[9] Recent studies demonstrate IgG 2000 DF™ lowered blood lipid levels,[10] improves IBS and reduces inflammation.*[11]

The Protein Blend in the ImmunoBar™ consists of three protein isolates with balanced amino acid profiles. They are easy to digest and assimilate and taste good.*

Other Beneficial Ingredients include cocoa powder rich in flavanols and procyanidins that modulate TNF-alpha and other signaling molecules associated with immune function and inflammation[12,13]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Weight Management Immune System Support © XYMOGEN Immunoglobulin ConcentrateIgG2000DF Natural Flavor, RebA(ExtractofStevia)),EvaporatedCaneJuiceInvertSyrup,Maltitol Inulin,CocoaButter,(Unsweetened Chocolate,Erythritol, Milkfat(milk),SoyLecithin(AnEmulsifier), Whey Crisps[WheyProteinConcentrate,RiceFlour]),SugarFreeDarkChocolateFlavoredCoating INGREDIENTS: ProteinBlend(WheyIsolate,CalciumCaseinate,RiceConcentrate, * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Copper Zinc Magnesium Iodine Phosphorus Pantothenic Acid Biotin Vitamin B12 Folate Vitamin B6 Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin Vitamin E Iron Calcium Vitamin C Vitamin A Protein 15g SugarAlcohol9g Sugars10g Fiber6g Dietary Total Carbohydrate30g Sodium 75mg Cholesterol 10mg Trans Fat0g SaturatedFat4g Total Fat7g Calories 210 Amount PerServing Size1Bar(60g) Serving Made inafacilitythatprocessespeanuts,treenuts,soy, dairy, eggs,andwheat. ALLERGEN INFORMATION: ContainsMilkandSoy. Potassium Iodide,Cyanocobalamin(VitaminB12)). Hydrochloride (VitaminB6),Riboflavin,VitaminAPalmitate,ThiamineMononitrate,FolicAcid,Biotin, acetate],Niacinamide,Zinc Oxide,PantothenicAcid,Pyridoxine Acid, VitaminE[dl-alpha-tocopheryl Cocoa Powder(processedwithalkali),PalmOil,NaturalFlavor, SeaSalt,VitaminBlend(Ascorbic ™ , Glycerine,UnsweetenedChocolate,Fructooligosaccharides, *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN Calories fromFat70 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. % DailyValue* 10% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 22% 23% 10% 21% 11% 8% 8% 8% 6% 3% 3% 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13.

and procyanidins. DevImmunol. 2002Sep;9(3):135-41. [PMID: 12885154] TNF-alpha secretioninperipheralbloodmononuclear cellsbycocoaflavanols Mao TK, vande Water J, KeenCL, Schmitz HH, GershwinME. of Modulation –Proliantresearch,Ahead ofpublication 2005 American JournalofClinicalNutrition, 2005;81(4):792 April Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1997;25:381-4 spray-dried bovineserumaddedtodietsofrecoveringmalnourishedchildren. J Lembcke JL, Peerson JM, KH. Brown Acceptability, safetyanddigestibilityof Zasshi. 1990Mar;64(3): 274-9[PMID: 2162896] components andanti-viralactivitiesinbovinecolostrum. Kansenshogaku Ushijima H, DairakuM, HonnmaH, Mukoyama A, Kitamura T. Immunoglobulin Res. 1981Jul;42(7):1149-52[PMID: 6267967] andtheirsucklingpigs.J Vet infectedswine lacteal secretionsofnaturally Am Hess RG, BachmannPA. inserumand Distributionofantibodiestorotavirus 71:10-5 [PMID: 195982] antibody. calfdiarrhea)rotavirus bovine (neonatal JClinMicrobiol. 1977Jul;6- Babiuk LA, Acres SD, RouseBT. Solid-phaseradioimmunoassayfordetecting Osame M, etal, 1991 7615421] .Bacteriol Helicobacterpylori.against 1995Jun;78(6): JAppl 655-62[PMID: TU. Bactericidaleffectofbovinenormalandimmuneserum, colostrumandmilk Korhonen H, SyvaojaEL, Ahola-Luttila H, SivelaS, Kopola S, HusuJ, Kosunen Feb;15(2):396-401 [PMID: 14890] colostrum onEscherichiacoli: importanceofbicarbonate. InfectImmun. 1977 Griffiths E, HumphreysJ. effectofhumanmilkandbovine Bacteriostatic Journ InfectDis1998;177:662-7 oralchallengewithenterotoxigenicEcherichiacoli. antigens canprotectagainst factor against purifiedcolonization immunoglobulin withspecificactivity Freedman DJ, Tacket C, Delehanty A, ManecalDR, J,. Nataro Milk Proliant; Ames, IA;brochure. www.proliantinc.com nutrition. JBiosci. 2002Dec;27(7): 703-14. [PMID: 12571376] Kaur N, Gupta AK. ofinulinandoligofructoseinhealth Applications [PMID: 12511109] peripheral bloodmononuclear cells. JMedFood. 2002Spring;5(1): 17-22. oligomersonthesecretionofinterleukin-5in andtheirrelated flavanols Mao TK, Van de Water J, KeenCL, SchmitzHH, GershwinMEEffectofcocoa Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-107

06/12/12

™ ImmunotiX Antioxidant Activity Patented 1,3/1,6 Whole Glucan Particle Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Immune Function* »» Supports the Body’s Defenses Against Seasonal Immune Challenges* Cell-Life Regulation »» Supports Hematopoiesis Following Radiation and Other Bone Marrow Insults*

ImmunotiX™’s active ingredient is beta 1,3/1,6 glucan, a unique complex carbohydrate purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). It is natural, not genetically modified (non-GMO), hypoallergenic, patented, and generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Taken orally, ImmunotiX, without over-stimulating, primes and mobilizes cells in the body’s first line of defense to enhance protection against harmful effects of lifestyle and physical stressors.* Immune System Support

ImmunotiX 500 is available in 20 & 60 capsules ImmunotiX 250 is available in 30 capsules

Discussion beta-glucan form found in ImmunotiX. Studies also indicate that the Beta-glucan has been recognized for its support of immune system entrance of these soluble fragments into the bone marrow may affect activity for centuries[1]; and yeast-derived beta-glucan has become the white-blood–cell recovery, further enhancing its health effects.[13] subject of over 800 scientific studies to date. ImmunotiX™ contains Individuals at increased risk for immune challenges, those in need concentrated 1,3/1,6 beta-glucan from the yeast Saccharomyces of immune support, or those undergoing surgery have been found cerevisiae, a source known to support immune function.[2-4] Beta- to benefit from ImmunotiX.[2,6,8,12,14] A 12-week, randomized, phase glucan is produced by fungi, grains, seaweed, and yeast, but not by II, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group trial of 1,3/1,6 mammalian cells.[3-5] While each source of beta-glucan has its own beta-glucan from S cerevisiae was conducted. Long-term use of beta- unique structure of glucose linkages, purified yeast-derived beta- glucan was well tolerated and resulted in a reduction in acute immune glucan from S cerevisiae is considered the most effective source.[6,7] challenge discomforts.*[2] Purity of the product is vital, since protein contaminants can cause untoward immune reactions. XYMOGEN’s ImmunotiX is refined to remove most impurities, including proteins and fats that can interfere with uptake and effectiveness. Mannan, a potential trigger of allergic reactions or bowel exacerbation, has been removed. ImmunotiX 250™provides 250 mg beta-glucan per capsule, while ImmunotiX 500™ provides 500 mg beta-glucan per capsule.*

Ongoing research has unveiled a detailed mechanism of action, including activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and T-cell–mediated immunity.[3,8,9] Orally administered yeast beta-glucan is processed by macrophages—the first line of defense in cellular immunity[8]—with subsequent increases in phagocytosis, selective cytokine release, and oxidative degranulation.[10] Macrophages degrade beta-glucan into small fragments that are then bound to neutrophils (granulocytes), the most abundant immune cells in the body. Neutrophils then become primed and are better able to provide support against microbial challenges.[4] Through a process called chemotaxis, these primed neutrophils migrate to target sites with enhanced immune actions.[3, 11] Prophylactic administration of beta-glucan was found to positively affect levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, moderate tissue-damaging cytokines, and assist in ameliorating microbial imbalance.*[12]

Research demonstrates a sustained release of soluble fragments over a multi-day period, providing a unique mechanism of action for the

2005;54(5):557-64. [PMID: 16238470] with beta-glucanderivedfromSaccharomycescerevisiae. PhysiolRes. Pelizon AC, KanenoR, Soares AM, etal. activitiesassociated Immunomodulatory ß-glucans. Blood. 2011Jun23;117(25):6825-36. [PMID: 21531981] andsolubleyeast-derived antitumor immuneresponsesbyparticulate Qi C, Cai Y, GunnL, etal. andadaptive innate regulating Differentialpathways Opin. BiolTher. 2005May;5(5):691-702. [PMID: 15934844] in conjunctionwithantitumourmonoclonal cancer. antibodiestotreat Expert Yan J, Allendorf DJ, BrandleyB. Yeast wholeglucanparticle (WGP)beta-glucan http://naturalstandard.com. StandardDatabase Natural Accessed July23, 2011. journals/JANAVol52.pdf.21. AccessedAugust cancer inmice. JANA. 2002;5(2):5-9. Reprint. http://www.ana-jana.org/Journal/ anthraxinfectionand yeast ß1,3-glucanprophylacticallyprotectsagainst Vetvicka V, Terayama K, MandevilleR, etal. Pilotstudy: orally-administered Oncol. 2011Feb 10;2(2):115-9. [PMID: 21603320] Vetvicka V. Glucan-immunostimulant, adjuvant, potentialdrug. World JClin J Immunopharmacol. 1998Nov;20(11):595-614. [PMID: 9848393] increased leukocyte burstactivity. countsandincreasedneutrophiloxidative Int with withPGG-glucanisassociated treated aureusinrats Staphylococcus Liang, J., D. etal. Enhancedclearance ofamultipleantibiotic-resistant Biol Ther.Cancer 2009Feb;8(3):218-25. [PMID: 19106638] sources inconjunctionwithanti-tumormonoclonal incancertherapy. antibody Driscoll M, HansenR, DingC, etal. potentialofvariousbeta-glucan Therapeutic of Wellmune WGP Feldman S, SchwartzHI, KalmanDS, etal. RandomizedphaseIIclinical trials 2011 May10;270(2):183-7. [PMID: 21636079] regulatory T cellsandenhancestheeffector T cellproliferation. CellImmunol. β-glucanimpairsthesuppressiveeffectofCD4(+)CD25(+) by particulate Tian J, MaJ, Wang S, etal. IncreasedexpressionofmGITRLonD2SC/1cells yeast beta1,3glucansMedGen. 2003Mar21;5(1):1. [PMID:12827062] Kournikakis B, MandevilleR, BrousseauP, etal. Anthrax-protective effectsof early-acting cytokines. ActaHaematol. 1999;102(2):66-71. [PMID: 10529508] enhances humanmyelopoiesisbydirectactionindependentofandadditiveto Turnbull, JL, Patchen ML, ScaddenDT. The polysaccharide, PGGglucan, model ofsepsis. JInvestSurg. 2008Sep-Oct;21(5):237-43. [PMID: 19160131] andpuncture stressincecalligation onoxidative and beta-glucanpretreatment Senoglu N, Yuzbasioglu MF, Aral M, etal. ProtectiveeffectsofN-acetylcysteine 15300205] a complexchemotacticingredient.. Surgery 2004 Aug;136(2):384-9. [PMID: Tsikitis V, Albina J, ReichnerJ. Beta-glucanaffectsleukocyte in navigation Vol9Iss1/FeldmanVol9No1.pdf. Accessed September9, 2011. Res. 2009March-June;9(1&2):30-42. http://jrnlappliedresearch.com/articles/ Additional referencesavailable uponrequest ® forimmunesupportduringcoldandfluseason. JAppl

Rev.

DRS-152 06/10/13 2® InSea Blood Sugar Support Dual-Action Carbohydrate Controller* Clinical Applications

»» Helps Support Healthy Blood Glucose Metabolism* »» Helps Reduce the Impact of High-Glycemic Foods* »» Supports Healthy Insulin Sensitivity* »» Helps Slow Starch and Table Sugar Digestion and Absorption*

InSea2® is an optimized blend of purified polyphenols from brown seaweed. It uniquely slows carbohydrate digestion by interacting with both alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, thereby reducing the impact of high-glycemic foods.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Dual Action InSea2® is the only product on the market with a dual foods. In a randomized, crossover, double-blinded, placebo-controlled mechanism of action that targets enzymes involved in carbohydrate human clinical trial, when compared to placebo, consumption of digestion and assimilation. Its dual action is a result of its ability to InSea2 (500 mg/d) 30 minutes before ingesting white bread resulted uniquely slow carbohydrate digestion through interaction with both in a 12.1% reduction in the plasma insulin incremental area under the alpha-amylase (starch-degrading enzyme) and alpha-glucosidase curve (IAUC) (p = 0.04, adjusted for baseline) and a 7.9% increase (sucrose-degrading enzyme). This twofold activity helps reduce the in the Cederholm index of insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). There was impact of high-glycemic foods.* also a 9.0% and 48.3% drop in plasma glucose AUC and IAUC, respectively.[6] These improved glucose responses to white bread were Brown Seaweed InSea2 is a clinically tested blend of 20% purified further validated in a small human study conducted by an independent polyphenols—more precisely phlorotannins (PHTs)—sourced from consumer wherein InSea2 was able to reduce postprandial blood Ascophyllum nodosum (kelp) and Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack), glucose AUC by 14.5% and blood glucose IAUC by 28.1%.*[7] two species of brown seaweed. Like many sea plants, these brown seaweeds are a rich source of antioxidant phenolic compounds In an unpublished sucrose tolerance test, patients ingested 500 mg of and iodine. The ability of naturally occurring polyphenols and PHTs, InSea2 in a lemon tea or a placebo lemon tea, both of which contained including those from brown seaweed, to affect the activities of alpha- 50 g of sucrose. Although results did not achieve significance, a amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vitro has been repeatedly reduction in the glucose IAUC (-39%) and a near-significant trend demonstrated.*[1-5] toward an increase in the Cederholm index (+4.9%) were observed.[8] In effect, lowering the postprandial blood glucose response naturally Experimental Studies In one experiment, Roy et al showed that promotes healthy glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In InSea2 has a dose-dependent effect on alpha-amylase and alpha- another human trial, treatment with a multi-ingredient formulation glucosidase with very low IC50 values compared to other plant containing InSea2 resulted in increased feelings of satiety, a decrease polyphenols. In animals, the extract was able to reduce by 90% in next-meal caloric intake, and a significant impact on weight (p < 0.05) the increase in postprandial blood glucose normally seen reduction compared to placebo.*[9] 30 minutes after a meal and to reduce peak insulin secretion by 40%. Blood glucose curves showed characteristic features of a low Safety InSea2 comes from two species of brown seaweed that are glycemic food; that is, in treated animals, glucose absorption was considered foods. The actives are obtained via hot water extraction prolonged for 360 minutes compared to less than 120 minutes in methods that meet the highest criteria in terms of quality, purity, and the control group. In addition, the control group experienced some biological activity. InSea2 has been evaluated in clinical trials, animal postprandial hypoglycemia before returning to baseline. This condition safety and efficacy studies, and in vitro tests. It has an excellent safety was absent in the treated group. According to the researchers, profile and is well-tolerated.* “These results demonstrate the potency of this specific PHT extract to beneficially modulate carbohydrate digestion and assimilation.”*[2]

Human Studies: Starch and Table Sugar Dual-action InSea2® is the only ingredient on the market able to slow down digestion of both starch and table sugar, thus reducing the impact of high-glycemic

® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 100% ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

innoVactiv Inc.;2011:1-19. [onfile] Universitaire deCardiologieetPneumologie;HôpitalLaval, Québec, Canada: and thecontroloffoodintake. Researchreport. CentredeRecherche, Institut Tremblay A, JobinM, Pérusse F, etal. Effectsofgly-sea-max onglycemia Canada: innoVactiv Inc;2011:1-9. [onfile] on humantoreducetheglycemicimpactofsucrose. Protocolsynopsis. Québec, enrichedinpolyphenols Efficacy powder seaweeds ofmultipledosesabrown Customer tests: Validation ofstarch-blockingactionInSea 22087795] men andwomen. PhysiolNutrMetab. 2011Dec;36(6):913-19. Appl [PMID: Fucus vesiculosus)onpostchallengeplasmaglucoseandinsulinlevelsin (Ascophyllumnodosumand seaweed theeffectofbrown trial investigating Paradis ME, CoutureP, LamarcheB. A randomisedcrossoverplacebo-controlled Canada: innoVactiv Inc;2011:1-3. [onfile] inhibiting keyhumandigestiveenzymes. Technical note. Rimouski, Québec, Glucose management: high potentialofablendalgalphlorotanninsfor Sci. 2010 Apr;75(3):H97-102. [PMID: 20492300] alpha-glucosidaseandalpha-amylaseinhibition.antioxidant-mediated JFood E,Apostolidis LeeCM. Invitropotentialof Ascophyllum nodosumphenolic 18066114] nodosum. CanJPhysiolPharmacol. 2007Nov;85(11):1116-23. [PMID: seaweed and polyphenolic-enrichedfractionsfromthebrown Ascophyllum Zhang J, Tiller C, ShenJ, etal. Antidiabetic propertiesofpolysaccharide- article/pii/S0963996911004637 vivo. Food ResInt. 2011;44(9):3026-29. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ absorptionin phlorotannins extractondigestiveenzymesandcarbohydrate M,Roy Anguenot R, Fillion C, etal. algal Effectofacommercially-available Jun 26;51(12):3555-61. [PMID: 18507367] structural requirementsforinhibitinghumanalpha-amylase. JMedChem . 2008 Lo PiparoE, ScheibH, Frei N, etal. forcontrollingstarchdigestion: Flavonoids population. Technical note: InSea Additional referencesavailable uponrequest 2™ . [onfile]

2™ in Asian Rev. (RV) DRS-273

06/13/13 ™

Iron Glycinate Female Health Gentle and Highly Absorbable Iron Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Supplements Inadequate Dietary Intake of Iron* »» Supports Increased Requirement for Iron* »» Supports Healthy Ferritin and Hemoglobin Levels*

Iron bis-glycinate is a well-studied, 100% fully-reacted, patented form of iron exclusively from Albion Laboratories®. The amino acid glycine is actually one of the two starting materials the body uses to synthesize hemoglobin. Therefore, Iron Glycinate™ contributes two key factors. This form of iron has higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, less food reactivity, less food interactions and has a longer shelf life than any other common form of iron.

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Ferrous iron is reacted with glycine to form bis-glycinate chelate, chelate complained about taste. Second, iron bis-glycinate is less a non-electrically charged compound that is totally nutritionally likely to have any of the gastrointestinal side-effects associated with functional. The absence of electrical charge, uncommon for an iron standard iron supplementation.* supplement, makes it less likely that Iron Glycinate™ can interfere with absorption of other minerals such as calcium, vitamin E or A published absorption study showed there was a significant vitamin C. Iron solubility from iron bis-glycine chelate is not affected correlation between iron absorption of iron bis-glycinate chelate to by pH changes from 2-6. This means it travels unchanged through serum ferritin (r = -0.60, p < 0.03) (The higher the ferritin the lower the stomach, into the intestine, where it is absorbed and released for the absorption and vice versa.) The amount of iron stored in the body transport throughout the body.* regulates iron bis-glycinate chelate absorption. This translates into less chance of toxicity. Another benefit of the bis-glycinate chelate Patient compliance with iron bis-glycinate appears to be better form of iron over other iron supplements is that it doesn’t act as a than that seen with inorganic forms of iron supplements for two pro-oxidant.* reasons. First, the taste: In a study with 145 pregnant women (that concluded daily supplementation with iron bis-glycinate chelate was Iron is an important component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and ferritin. significantly more effective even at a lower dose than ferrous sulfate) These proteins are involved in the transport, storage, and release of the percentage of taste complaints among the women given ferrous oxygen to the tissues.* sulfate was 29.8%, while 0% of the women on the bis-glycinate

Iron bis-glycinate Courtesy of Albion Laboratories, Inc.®

® ™ FerrousBisglycinateChelate) SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 29 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 161% 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Mar;51(1 Suppl1):35-6. [PMID: 11688079] andotherironcompounds. chelate bis-glycinate Arch. LatinoamNutr 2001 Garcia-Casal MN, LayrisseM. The effectofchangeinpHonthesolubilityiron Nutr. 2001Mar;51(1Suppl1):7-12[PMID: 11688084] Ashmead SD. chelate. offerrousbis-glycinate ArchThe chemistry Latinoam of print][PMID:16239424] from irondeficiency tocobalamindepletion. Blood. 2005Oct20;[Epubahead progression ofautoimmunegastritis:age-related presentation hematological Hershko C, Ronson A, SouroujonM, MaschlerZ, HeydJ, Patz J. Variable [PMID:14708596] withalopeciainwomen.associated JInvestDermatol. 2003Nov;121(5):985-8 Kantor J, KesslerLJ, BrooksDG, CotsarelisG. Decreasedserumferritinis 740-4. [PMID9688002] prospective, doubleblind, randomizedstudy. Arch Surg. 1998Jul;133(7): RP.Cody afterRouxenYgastricbypass: Prophylacticironsupplementation a Brolin RE, GormanJH, GormanRC, Petschenik AJ, BradleyLB, KenlerHA, Accessed 11.11.05 262 (September)[http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/81/3/261] withironArch91 childrenandresponsetotreatment DisChild1999;81:261- Hilal Mocan, Alisan Yildiran, Fazil Orhan, ErolErduran. holdingspellsin Breath [Accessed 11.11.05] Plummer-Vinson Syndrome. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3431.htm iro_0149.shtml [accessed11.11.05] Iron, PDR: http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/ Nutr. 2001Mar;51(1Suppl1):42-7[PMID: 1688081] inthecontrolofirondeficiencysulfate inpregnantwomen. Arch Latinoam IM. (Ferrochel) chelate effectivenessofironbis-glycinate andferrous Relative Szarfarc SC, deCassanaLM, FujimoriE, Guerra-ShinoharaEM, deOliveira May;17(5):381-4. [PMID:11377130] chelate.infants andyoungchildrenwithferrousbis-glycinate Nutrition. 2001 Pineda O, Ashmead HD. ofiron-deficiency Effectivenessoftreatment anemiain Handbook. 2nded. Cincinnati, OH: Lexi-CompInc;2001. Pelton R, JB, Lavalle EB, Hawkins etal. DrugInducedNutrientDepletion women ofchildbearingage. JAmCollNutr.2001Aug;20(4):337-42 deficiency in resultsinimprovementsgeneralhealthandfatigue Australian Patterson AJ, Brown WJ, RobertsDC. ofiron andsupplementtreatment Dietary May;17(5):381-4. [PMID: 11377130] chelate.infants andyoungchildrenwithferrousbis-glycinate Nutrition. 2001 Pineda O, Ashmead HD. ofiron-deficiency Effectivenessoftreatment anemiain Latinoam Nutr. 2001Mar;51(1Suppl1): 22-5[PMID: 11688077] Olivares M, PizarroF. inwater. chelate ofironbis-glycinate Bioavailability Arch Nutr. 2001Mar;51(1Suppl1):42-7[PMID: 11688081] inthecontrolofirondeficiencysulfate inpregnantwomen. Arch Latinoam IM. (Ferrochel) chelate effectivenessofironbis-glycinate andferrous Relative Szarfarc SC, deCassanaLM, FujimoriE, Guerra-ShinoharaEM, deOliveira Additional referencesavailable uponrequest.

Rev. (RV) DRS-130

02/19/13 JointRoX™ Joint & Muscle Support Ultra-Pure Joint Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Joint Structure and Function* »» Supports Proteoglycan Synthesis for Healthy Connective Tissue*

»» Helps Protect Cartilage Cells* Sports Nutrition »» Supports the Body’s Normal Response to Inflammation*

JointRoX™ combines distilled methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) with naturally occurring glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate that are BSE and heavy metal free. These three ingredients work together to provide targeted support for healthy joint structure and function.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Glucosamine Sulfate is a naturally occurring amino sugar and a constituent of healthy cartilage. It is the most fundamental building block required for the biosynthesis of glycolipids, glycoproteins, hyaluronate, and proteoglycans. Although exact mechanisms of action are yet to be established, research suggests that glucosamine supplementation directly stimulates chondrocytes, incorporates sulfur into cartilage, modulates cytokine production, and helps protect against degradative processes.[1,2] Glucosamine sulfate is neither a pain reliever nor an anti-inflammatory compound; yet, in combination with chondroitin sulfate, it may be helpful in supporting normal joint function and the health of joint tissues.[3-7] Glucosamine does not appear to have an effect upon glucose tolerance tests or hemoglobin A1c readings.*[6]

Chondroitin Sulfate is a primary proteoglycan and a major component of articular cartilage. It helps cartilage tissue retain water, which is needed for resistance and elasticity; it has protective effects on cartilage cells; and it supports normal joint width space. Proteolytic enzymes, such as elastase, collagenase, and proteoglycanase, accelerate the breakdown of collagen and proteoglycans.[8,9] An ample supply of proteoglycans may help balance this metabolic action. Experimental research suggests that chondroitin has cytokine- balancing properties and can also decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation that affect cartilage cells.*[10,11]

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring, sulfur- containing, water-soluble compound also known as DMSO2. MSM clinically appears to have the same benefits as its parent compound, DMSO. In vitro studies demonstrate that MSM modulates cytokine production and has antioxidant properties,[12,13] and MSM has been shown to remain in the blood for up to five times as long as DMSO.[14] In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 50 patients, 3 g/d of MSM supported healthy knee joint function.*[15]

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 120 mg 120 mg 750 mg 600 mg 500 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 4% 3% ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

15882562] explants.cartilage . OsteoarthritisCartilage 2005May;13(5):387-94. [PMID: E(2)inarticular gene expressionandsynthesisofnitricoxideprostaglandin Chan PS, CaronJP, RosaGJ, etal. regulate Glucosamineandchondroitinsulfate Biochem. 1987Mar;25(3):151-60. [PMID: 2439645] glycosaminoglycan metabolisminculturedsynovialcells. JClinChem of granulocyte elastasecomplexedwithproteinaseinhibitors: effecton Kleesiek K, vandeLeurE, ReinardsR, etal. Pathobiochemical significance [PMID: 8809436] prominent roleofmetallo-proteinases. 1996;14:235-41. ClinExpRheumatol. arthritis:synovial fluidsfromsubjectswithosteoarthritisorrheumatoid the Chevalier X, GroultN, Texier JM, etal. extractsand Elastaseactivityincartilage Rep.Rheumatol 2004Feb;6(1):41-45. [PMID: 14713401] Zerkak D, DougadosM. inosteoarthritis.The useofglucosaminetherapy Curr lean orobesesubjects. Diabetes. 2006Nov;55(11):3142-50. [PMID: 17065354] in doses doesnotcauseorworseninsulinresistanceendothelialdysfunction R,Muniyappa KarneRJ, HallG, etal. standard Oralglucosaminefor6weeksat osteoarthritis. DrugsAging. 2003;20(14):1041-60. [PMID:14651444] Matheson AJ, PerryCM. Glucosamine: of areviewofitsuseinthemanagement 23;354(8):795-808. [PMID: 16495392] forpainfulkneeosteoarthritis.two incombination NEnglJMed. 2006Feb Clegg DO, RedaDJ, HarrisCL, etal. Glucosamine, chondroitinsulfate, andthe Am Acad NursePract. 2006Oct;18(10):487-93. [PMID: 16999714] the efficacy ofosteoarthritis. ofglucosamineandchondroitininthetreatment J Distler J, Anguelouch A. Evidence-basedpractice: reviewofclinical evidenceon 15;78(4):471-76. Review. [PMID: 18756654] Dahmer S, SchillerRM. Glucosamine. AmFam Physician .2008 Aug 1.Apr [PMID: 22577354] knee osteoarthritis. Journal. Scientific World 2012;2012:902676. Epub2012 andNSAIDsinmildtomoderate ofglucosaminesulfate versus combination Selvan T, RajiahK, NainarMS, etal. A clinical onglucosaminesulfate study Mar;14(3):286-94. Epub2005Nov23. [PMID: 16309928] osteoarthritis painoftheknee: apilotclinical trial.. OsteoarthritisCartilage 2006 Kim LS, Axelrod LJ, P, Howard etal. Efficacy (MSM)in ofmethylsulfonylmethane 438-41. [PMID: 14653770] (MSM).Methylsulfonylmethane Monograph. AlternMedRev. 2003Nov;8(4): 96. [PMID: 3598341] functionofhumanneutrophils.JLabClinMed.1987Jul;110(1):91- oxidative Beilke MA, Collins-LechC, SohnlePG. Effectsofdimethylsulfoxideonthe Rev. 2002Feb;7(1):22-44. [PMID: 11896744] Parcell S. inmedicine. Sulfurinhumannutritionandapplications AlternMed .Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008Dec;16(12):1474-83. [PMID: 18501644] arthritisin mice. incollagen-induced andcaspaseactivation translocation Campo GM, Avenoso A, CampoS, etal. inhibitsNF-kB Chondroitin-4-sulphate Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-121

05/30/13 ™ K-Mg Citrate Bone Health Support Electrolyte/pH Support* Clinical Applications

» Maintains Healthy Cellular Function » Supports Healthy Kidney Function Cardiovascular Support » Maintains Healthy Electrolyte Balance

K-Mg Citrate™ provides two intracellular cations that are vital to maintaining healthy muscle contractility, nerve conduction, and blood pressure levels already within the normal range. These minerals help maintain healthy electrolyte and acid-base balance, and support kidney health and function.* Joint & Muscle Support

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Hypokalemia Causes and Concerns Hypokalemia (low blood Calcium and the Kidneys The excretion of calcium in the urine potassium) can result from excessive sweating, vomiting, through the kidney is a matter of concern, especially in individuals and diarrhea, or the chronic use of any of a wide variety of who are immobilized. A 3-year, prospective, placebo-controlled, pharmaceuticals that cause urinary loss of potassium. Some double-blind study (n=64) demonstrated that oral supplementation of

examples of these include the use of OTCs (eg, aspirin, sodium potassium-magnesium citrate provided a signifi cant benefi t in terms Neurologic & Cognitive bicarbonate, laxatives); prescription drugs, such as non-potassium- of calcium salt-related kidney health.[1] Another study demonstrated sparing diuretics and steroids; and chemotherapeutic drugs, such that the combination of these two minerals increased urinary pH and as cisplatin. Long-term oral supplementation with licorice extract chelated the calcium, as well as decreased undissociated uric acid containing glycyrrhizin can also reduce potassium levels. A host concentration.[2] These and similar studies employed larger doses of diseases—including common conditions such as alcoholism, of potassium/magnesium citrate than is available in a capsule of diabetes, and eating disorders—can also interfere with potassium XYMOGEN’s formula. Some individuals may experience bloating, gas, homeostasis. The diversity and number of physiological processes and loose stools when taking supplemental magnesium across a dependent upon adequate potassium is signifi cant. Examples such as range of doses, though more so at higher doses. The symptoms are the need for healthy muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, alleviated when the supplement is discontinued; but then its benefi t is gastrointestinal and renal function, tissue synthesis, and carbohydrate lost as well. metabolism clearly point to the importance of maintaining optimal blood levels of potassium. When potassium levels in the blood are too Citrate The citrate content of this formula is 398 mg (equivalent low, there is disruption in pH, enzymatic reactions, isotonicity, and the to 5.24 mEq). It is in the anhydrous form. Although the amount electrodynamic balance of cells. Oral administration of potassium is per capsule in this formula is not considered signifi cant, citrate an effective means of maintaining healthy blood levels of potassium is considered protective because it forms soluble complexes with when risk factors are present, or for replacing the mineral when it calcium ions and reduces crystallization and aggregation.[3] becomes depleted.

Hypomagnesemia Causes and Concerns Hypomagnesemia (low blood magnesium), similar to hypokalemia, is often seen in alcoholism, severe or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, as well as in type 2 diabetes where a low magnesium level is thought to cause renal impairment sooner than expected. Besides the obvious cause of malabsorption, low magnesium levels may occur due to cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, inﬂ ammatory bowel disease, or renal impairment. Low blood magnesium level is often concurrent with a low potassium level in the blood, hence the combination of these minerals in XYMOGEN’s formula. Not all forms of magnesium are appropriate for oral replacement. For example, the solubility, absorption, and bioavailability of magnesium carbonate is limited, and magnesium oxide is likely to cause diarrhea when used in the dose needed for replacement.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Joint & Muscle Support Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetofourtimesdaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyour K-Mg Citrate © XYMOGEN Serving Size:1Capsule Serving Magnesium (asmagnesiumcitrate) silica. cellulose,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline Potassium (aspotassiumcitrate) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 70 mg 99 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 18% 3% 3. 3. 2. 1. References [PMID: 19911682] treatment.role ofalkalicitrate ArchItalUrol Androl. 2009Sep;81(3):182-7. Caudarella R, Vescini F. andrenalstonedisease: citrate Urinary thepreventive Jun;177(6):2179-84. [PMID: 17509313] during5weeksofbedrest. citrate by potassium-magnesium JUrol.2007 Zerwekh JE, OdvinaCV, Wuermser LA, etal. Reductionofrenalstonerisk Dec;158(6):2069-73. [PMID: 9366314] nephrolithiasis. recurrentcalciumoxalate prophylaxis against JUrol.1997 Ettinger B, Pak CY, CitronJT, etal. isaneffective Potassium-magnesium citrate Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 08/08/12 (RV) DRS-246 K2 Bone Health Support Natural Vitamin K2 Clinical Applications

»» Supports healthy blood clotting* »» Supports cardiovascular health by promoting healthy arterial elasticity* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports bone health by promoting carboxylation of bone proteins*

K2-45™, derived from non-GMO soybeans fermented with Bascillus subtilis natto, is the most bioavailable and bioactive form of supplemental vitamin K2 available. Historical use and numerous studies have confirmed safety and efficacy for bone and heart health.*

K2-45™ is available in 30 capsules. K2-D3™ is available in 30 capsules. Discussion

There are three forms of dietary supplement vitamin K: synthetic K1 Outside the liver, vitamin K is needed for calcium utilization. It (phylloquinone), K2 (menaquinone) as synthetic MK-4, and natural activates osteocalcin, the protein needed to bind calcium to the MK-7. The differences between MK-4 and MK-7 are striking. Although mineral matrix in bone. The vitamin may decrease bone resorption both forms are completely absorbed and peak in the serum at about by reducing the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 or Interleukin 6 by two hours, the MK-7 stays there approximately nine times as long as osteoclasts.[4] Vitamin K lowers the risk of cardiovascular-related the MK-4 (eight hours v. 72 hours), offering the benefit of single daily damage by participating in the carboxylation of the most potent dosing.[1] In a study using a 60 mcg dose of each form, in only eight inhibitor of arterial calcification known, Matrix GLA Protein (MGP). days, six times more MK-7 had accumulated in the serum compared Researchers have demonstrated that supplementation with the to MK-4.*[2] vitamin reduces arterial/aortic calcification.*[5,6]

The naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin K, discovered in 1929 and Vitamin K has specific receptor binding sites that allow it to regulate named from “Koagulation vitamin”, is found either in the form of K1 gene activity.[7] Besides the gene-mediated effects upon critical (phylloquinone), derived from food sources such as soybeans and proteins, the vitamin can bind with the steroid and xenobiotic receptor, green leafy vegetables, or K2 (menaquinone) of bacterial origin.* influencing its expression.[8] Vitamin K is a potent antioxidant,[9] is anti-inflammatory,[10] and participates in the induction of apoptosis. [11] Structural differences between these two natural forms impact the Vitamin K and vitamin D share some similar characteristics and are bioavailability and bioactivity. Whereas vitamin K1 has a short serum believed to act synergistically.*[12] half-life with only 10-20% of the vitamin K1 absorbed from food even reaching circulation, the long side-chain of vitamin K2, allows it to The ratio between carboxylated and uncarboxylated osteocalcin can bind with other fat particles in circulation enhancing its half-life and be used as a determinant for vitamin K status.* ability to reach peripheral tissue. Although both forms reach the liver, most of the K1 is used at this site to secure coagulation, with little left over to support the body’s needs elsewhere. K2 is also transported to extrahepatic soft tissue, bones, and arteries.*[3]

Healthy flora in the bile-deficient lower intestines manufacture vitamin K2, but intestinal absorption is insufficient to meet the needs of bones and arteries. Food sources alone may not be sufficient supplementation. For example, to obtain the 45 mcg of K2 that a single capsule of K2-45 supplies, one would have to consume nearly nine pounds of meat or more than a gallon of milk. Fermented cheeses are rich sources of K2, however, not everyone consumes these quantities daily; hence, the potential need for a dietary supplement.*[3]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support silica. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline Vitamin K2(asmenaquinone-7) © XYMOGEN from Vitamk7 MK-7 you aretakingblood-thinningmedication. 45mcgof that Presentstudiesshow practitioner priortouse. ConsidertotalvitaminKintake(food+supplements)if womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating directed byyourhealthcarepractitioner. dailywithwater, onecapsule DIRECTIONS: Swallow mealtime, preferablyat oras from Vitamk7 MK-7 you aretakingblood-thinningmedication. 45mcgof that Presentstudiesshow practitioner priortouse. ConsidertotalvitaminKintake(food+supplements)if womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating by yourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take withameal, onecapsule onetotwotimesdaily, orasdirected Size:1Capsule Serving K2-45 STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy fish, Do notuseiftampersealisdamaged. K2-D3 STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products,dairy fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy animalor Do notuseiftampersealisdamaged. Serving Size:1Capsule Serving magnesium stearate,andsilica. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),vegetablestearicacid, Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline Vitamin K2(asmenaquinone-7) Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) ™ ™ SupplementFacts SupplementFacts ™ ™ dailyisnotlikelytointerferewithblood-thinningmedicines. dailyisnotlikelytointerferewithblood-thinningmedicines.

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 45 mcg 10,000 IU 45 mcg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %DailyValue %Daily Value 2500% 56% 56% 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 13.

Shearer MJ. JBoneMinerRes. 2007 Apr;22(4):509-19. [PMID: 17243866] ME, Paterson CR, Mole PA, JM, Harvey Fenton ST, CJ, Prynne MishraGD, D3 pluscalciumonthebonehealthofolderwomen. Bolton-SmithC, McMurdo Two-year randomizedcontrolledtrialofvitaminK1(phylloquinone)and 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01530.x [PMID: 20887388] lineages..and erythroid EurJHaematol 2010Dec;85(6):538-48. doi: Sada E, ofbothmyeloid andapoptosis differentiation Vitamin K2modulates [PMID: 18006902] markers intheFramingham OffspringStudy. AJEpidemiol. 2008;167;313-320 Shea MK, etal. Vitamin K&vitaminDstatus: withinflammatory associations [PMID: 9354587] microsomal lipidperoxidation. BiochemPharmacol. 1997Oct15;54(8):871-6. Vervoort LM, etal. The potentantioxidantactivityofthevitaminKcycle in xenobiotic receptor]. ClinCalcium. 2009Dec;19(12):1770-8. [PMID: 19949268] Azuma K, InoueS. ofsteroidand byactivation [VitaminKfunctionmediated 2007;27:7947-7954 [PMID: 17875939] X receptor-mediated transcriptional controlofMsx2gene. MolCellBiol Igarashi M, etal. throughpregnane Vitamin Kinducesosteoblastdifferentiation 19. [PMID:18722618] calcification.coronary Atherosclerosis. 2009 Apr;203(2):489-93. Epub2008Jul Beulens JW, withreduced menaquinoneintakeisassociated High dietary Nov;134(11):3100-5. [PMID: 15514282] heartdisease:reduced riskofcoronary theRotterdamStudy. JNutr. 2004 Geleijnse JM, etal. witha intakeofmenaquinoneisassociated Dietary Nutr Res. 1997;67(5):350-6. [PMID: 9350477] Weber P. ofosteoporosis: Management istherearoleforvitamin K?IntJ Vitam 104. [PMID: 1633511] Shearer MJ.. Vitamin Kmetabolismandnutriture. BloodRev. 1992Jun;6(2):92- Unpublished clinical studies, NattoPharma. Onfile. Unpublished clinical studies, NattoPharma. Onfile. http://www.vitamink2.org/presentation.html http://menaq7.com/index.php?page=sources Practice Guidelines(8thEdition). Chest2008;133:160S-98S K antagonists: American CollegeofChestPhysiciansEvidence-BasedClinical Ansell J, HirshJ, HylekE, etal. ofthevitamin andmanagement Pharmacology Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-233

05/17/13 L-Glutamine Gastrointestinal Support Cellular Support* Clinical Applications

» Supports Glutamine Replenishment During and After Metabolic Stress*

» Supports Intestinal Health and Barrier Integrity* Immune System Support » Supports Healthy Immune Function* » Supports Muscle Mass Retention* » Supports Increased Glutathione Synthesis*

L-Glutamine (glutamine) is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is necessary for the maintenance of many metabolic functions. Under situations of stress, physiological demands increase, triggering

a need for glutamine supplementation. For ease of dosing, XYMOGEN’s Joint & Muscle Support L-Glutamine provides 4 grams of this amino acid per scoop to help replenish the body’s stores and support glutamine’s many functional roles.* Available in 85 servings Discussion Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and Supplementation may therefore enhance mucosal health.[1,8] A healthy is an energy substrate for most cells—especially enterocytes intestinal mucosa not only supports optimal nutrient absorption, but (intestinal epithelial cells) and immune cells. It is also an essential it also supports mucosal immune function and provides a barrier component for numerous metabolic functions, including acid-base between bacteria and their products in the intestines and the (pH) homeostasis; nitrogen supply; neurotransmitter production; bloodstream.[1,9,10] Disruption of intestinal barrier function can lead and synthesis of glutathione, glucose, proteins, and nucleic acids.[1,2] to decreases in mucosal immune activity and increases in escaping Sports Nutrition Glutamine is primarily synthesized and stored in skeletal muscle. It toxins and bacteria, resulting in infections, illness, allergic reactions, is considered a conditionally essential amino acid because, under skin conditions, and more. In various experimental models, glutamine normal circumstances, the body can manufacture enough to sustain administration has been shown to reduce epithelial cell death and physiological demands. However, under metabolic stress—such as preserve or improve barrier function.[11-13] For instance, in an animal illness/disease, injury, infection, surgery, chemotherapy, prolonged model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage, glutamine exercise, or environmental stress—glutamine is released from body decreased the severity of intestinal injury perhaps through improved stores into the bloodstream and transported to tissues in defi cit. intestinal cell turnover and enhanced antioxidant activity.*[14] Increased demands make exogenous glutamine sources (food, supplements) a necessity.*[2] Muscle Tissue Preservation Of the 20 amino acids required for protein synthesis, glutamine is the most abundant. It makes up 50% of Support During and Recovery After Stress States During stress all amino acids in the blood and 60% of those in the body. Not only is states, the body’s glutamine requirement exceeds supply, severely glutamine necessary to maintain positive nitrogen balance and protein reducing both plasma and skeletal muscle pools of free glutamine.[1] synthesis, but also it has recently been shown to prevent muscle loss Without adequate glutamine to meet the needs of the intestine, by infl uencing myostatin levels.[15] Myostatin is a protein that inhibits immune system, and vital organs, a negative nitrogen balance and muscle differentiation and growth. Its increased bioactivity has been catabolism can result.[3] Nitrogen is necessary to repair wounds and observed in glucocorticoid-induced hypercatabolism and is associated keep the vital organs functioning; approximately one third of this with several pathologies characterized by marked skeletal muscle nitrogen comes from glutamine. Adequate nutrition, which includes depletion.*[15] glutamine, can help spare host energy reserves and impede recovery complications.[4] In fact, it has been recommended that patients Glutamine is thought to have ergogenic effects through its infl uences preparing for elective surgery ready themselves nutritionally, in part on fl uid and electrolyte uptake, glutamine pool repletion after intense through glutamine supplementation, to optimize recovery.[5] Research training, stimulation of muscle glycogen synthesis, and ability to also suggests glutamine may help diminish risks associated with increase growth hormone levels.[16-18] While ergogenic effects are conventional therapeutics—such as high-dose chemotherapy and supported from a biochemical standpoint, more defi nitive studies are radiation—by supporting mucosal integrity, immune competence, and needed.* glutathione biosynthesis.*[4,6,7]

Intestinal Health and Barrier Function The greatest amount of glutamine is used by enterocytes. As their preferred fuel source, glutamine is necessary for their maintenance and healthy turnover.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com L-Glutamine Supplement Facts References Serving Size: 1 Scoop (4 g) Amount Per Serving %Daily Value 1. Oliveira GP, Dias CM, et al. Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action L-Glutamine 4 g ** in critically ill patients. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2010 Jun;82(2):417-30. [PMID: ** Daily Value not established. 20563423] Other Ingredients: None. 2. Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Robson PJ, et al. Glutamine, exercise and immune function. Links and possible mechanisms. Sports Med. 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91. DIRECTIONS: Take one scoop daily, mixed with plain water, on an empty [PMID: 9802174] stomach, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Consume within 30 minutes of mixing. 3. Calder PC, Yaqoob P. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids. 1999;17(3):227-41. [PMID: 10582122] Gastrointestinal Support Children and pregnant or lactating women should consult their healthcare 4. Kuhn KS, Muscaritoli M, Wischmeyer P, et al. Glutamine as indispensable practitioner prior to use. Do not use if tamper seal is damaged. nutrient in oncology: experimental and clinical evidence. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Jun;49(4):197-210. [PMID: 19936817] DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn protein, yeast, soy, animal or dairy 5. Awad S, Lobo DN. What's new in perioperative nutritional support? Curr Opin products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifi cial Anaesthesiol. 2011 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 21451404] sweeteners, or preservatives. 6. Anderson PM, Schroeder G, Skubitz KM. Oral glutamine reduces the duration STORAGE: Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach of children. and severity of stomatitis after cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy. Cancer. 1998 Oct;83(7):1433-39. [PMID: 9762946] 7. Rocha BR, Gombar FM, Barcellos LM, et al. Glutamine supplementation prevents collagen expression damage in healthy urinary bladder caused by radiotherapy. Nutrition. 2010 Dec 15. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 21167680] 8. dos Santos RG, Viana ML, Generoso SV, et al. Glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in Immune System Support an experimental mouse model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010 Jul- Aug;34(4):408-13. [PMID: 20631386] 9. Nose K, Yang H, Sun X, et al. Glutamine prevents total parenteral nutrition- associated changes to intraepithelial lymphocyte phenotype and function: a potential mechanism for the preservation of epithelial barrier function. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2010 Feb;30(2):67-80. [PMID: 20028208] 10. Li N, Neu J. Glutamine deprivation alters intestinal tight junctions via a PI3-K/ Akt mediated pathway in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr. 2009 Apr;139(4):710-14. [PMID: 19211824] 11. Tian J, Hao L, Chandra P, et al. Dietary glutamine and oral antibiotics each improve indexes of gut barrier function in rat short bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Feb;296(2):G348-55. [PMID: 19095767] Joint & Muscle Support 12. Vicario M, Amat C, Rivero M, et al. Dietary glutamine affects mucosal functions in rats with mild DSS-induced colitis. J Nutr. 2007 Aug;137(8):1931-37. [PMID: 17634266] 13. Gulgun M, Karaoglu A, Kesik V, et al. Effect of proanthocyanidin, arginine and glutamine supplementation on methotrexate-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;32(9):657-61. [PMID: 21225016] 14. Tazuke Y, Maeda K, Wasa M, et al. Protective mechanism of glutamine on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen after cisplatin-induced intestinal mucosal injury. Pediatr Surg Int. 2011 Feb;27(2):151-58. [PMID: 21080177] 15. Bonetto A, Penna F, Minero VG, et al. Glutamine prevents myostatin Sports Nutrition hyperexpression and protein hypercatabolism induced in C2C12 myotubes by tumor necrosis factor-α. Amino Acids. 2011 Feb;40(2):585-94. [PMID: 20623149] 16. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Kang J, et al. Examination of the effi cacy of acute L-alanyl-L-glutamine ingestion during hydration stress in endurance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010 Feb 3;7:8. [PMID: 20181080] 17. Welbourne TC. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 May;61(5):1058-61. [PMID: 7733028] 18. Antonio J, Street C. Glutamine: a potentially useful supplement for athletes. Can J Appl Physiol. 1999 Feb;24(1):1-14. [PMID: 9916176]

Additional references available upon request

All XYMOGEN® Formulas Meet or Exceed cGMP Quality Standards.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (RV) DRS-191 © XYMOGEN This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Rev. 09/18/12 L-Lysine Immune System Support An Essential Amino Acid Clinical Applications

»» Provides an Essential Amino Acid* »» Provides Balance to a High Intake of Arginine* »» Supports Synthesis of Collagen* »» Supports Healthy Growth and Protein Synthesis*

L-Lysine is an amino acid that is essential to human physiology. Lysine is vital for normal growth and for the manufacture of collagen, a substance important for healthy skin, bones, tendons, and cartilage. Supplemental lysine may be appropriate for individuals on a high- arginine diet.*

Available in 90 capsules Discussion An “Essential” Amino Acid Lysine, known chemically as maintain a healthy cholesterol level. Lysine also must be available 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, is one of nine essential amino acids. for the synthesis of collagen, a substance needed for healthy bones Concentrated in muscle tissue, lysine is the amino acid that the body and connective tissue, such as skin, tendons, and cartilage. Lysine most highly conserves. An amino acid is a building block of protein enhances calcium absorption and the incorporation of calcium into and is considered “essential” when the body cannot manufacture the bone matrix. It also supports renal conservation of calcium by it in sufficient quantities. Plants and bacteria can synthesize lysine reducing urinary loss of this mineral.[6] In the presence of higher from aspartic acid, but humans must meet their need for lysine by amounts of diet- or supplement-derived arginine in the bloodstream, obtaining it directly from food and/or dietary supplementation. L-lysine additional lysine may be needed to provide balance between these is the primary limiting amino acid for protein synthesis for those who two amino acids.* consume a cereal-based diet.* Lysine and the Brain Once lysine is absorbed, a basic amino acid Daily Requirement The adult recommendation for lysine intake varies carrier, possibly the cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1), escorts according to the organization citing it. For example, the World Health it across the blood-brain barrier. The amino acid arginine competes Organization estimates the adult daily intake requirement to be 30 with lysine for transport across the blood-brain barrier. The amount mg/kg body weight/day, while the Food and Agriculture Organization of each amino acid that actually enters the brain depends upon the of the United Nations estimates the requirement to be only 12 mg/ relative concentration of each amino acid present. The dietary ratio of kg/day. Doses for short-term use range between 3000-9000 mg/ lysine to arginine is important because, unlike arginine, lysine is not day, while the general maintenance dose tends to be closer to 1000 synthesized by the central nervous system. It has been suggested that mg per day. Additional lysine, above maintenance needs, is believed the relative concentration of lysine to arginine in the brain may be a to support healthy growth in children.[1-4] Lysine requirements may factor that influences brain wellness.*[7] change under specific physiological circumstances as well. For example, a University of Toronto study suggested that women have an A Glance at Some Research A study in tissue culture demonstrated increased need for lysine during the luteal phase of their menstrual that the addition of lysine antagonized the viral growth-supporting cycle due to increased protein catabolism.*[5] nature of arginine.[7] There is current interest in the possible benefit of lysine supplementation to support healthy cognition during the aging The need for lysine is mostly satisfied by an average US adult diet, process.[8] The lysine transporter could possibly decline with age, which consists of 6-10 g of lysine per day. However, athletes and and dietary lysine intake (i.e., from meat) tends to decline with age. non-legume–consuming vegans may require more lysine. Signs of A three-month, randomized, double-blind, Syrian population-based insufficient dietary intake of lysine include low energy, agitation, poor study (n=93) demonstrated the negative mental health impact of sense of balance, nausea, poor appetite, slow growth, and bloodshot consuming mostly incomplete-protein wheat as a dietary staple. As it eyes.* is in most cereal grains, including wheat, lysine is the limiting amino acid. When the cereals were fortified with lysine, cortisol levels could The Importance of Lysine in Health As a building block of protein, be maintained within the normal range.*[9] lysine is obviously important in the growth and repair of tissue. In addition, it is essential to the body’s synthesis of carnitine, a nutrient the body uses to convert fatty acids into energy and to

1 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

15159538] Northwest Syria. ProcNatl Acad SciUS .A 2004Jun1;101(22):8285-8. [PMID: and lessensstressinfamilymemberseconomicallyweakcommunities Smriga M, GhoshS, Mouneimne Y, etal. Lysine reducesanxiety fortification Dis Treathypothesis. Neuropsychiatr . 2010Oct27;6:707-10. [PMID: 21127688] Rubey RN. prevent Couldlysinesupplementation Alzheimer's dementia? A novel [PMID: 6262023] intissueculture.herpes simplexgrowth . Chemotherapy 1981;27(3):209-13. Griffith RS, DeLongDC, NelsonJD. to ofarginine-lysineantagonism Relation [PMID: 8467115] ofosteoporosis.prophylaxis andtreatment Nutrition. 1993Jan-Feb;9(1):71-2. Fürst P. L-lysinesupplementation: Dietary apromisingnutritionaltoolinthe 2004 Sep;287(3):E489-96. [PMID: 15308475] affects lysinerequirementinhealthywomen. AmJPhysiolEndocrinolMetab. Kriengsinyos W, Wykes LJ, GoonewardeneLA, etal. Phaseofmenstrualcycle 2012. www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/AA040E/AA040E05.htm#ch5.6. Accessed May31, Protein Requirements: ReportofaJointFAO/WHO/UNU ExpertConsultation. Food and (FAO). oftheUnitedNations Agriculture Organization and Energy Nutr. 2007 Aug;86(2):360-5. [PMID: 17684206] method. aminoacidoxidation children determinedbytheindicator AmJClin Elango R, HumayunMA, BallRO, etal. Lysine requirementofhealthyschool-age Nutr. 2001May;73(5):900-7. [PMID:11333843] subjects, aminoacidbalancetechnique. measuredbyanindicator AmJClin Kurpad AV, Raj T, El-Khoury A, etal. Lysine requirementsofhealthyadultIndian Exp. 1957Jul;27(3):631-47. [PMID: 13465065] Rose WC. The aminoacidrequirementsofadultman. Nutr Abstr RevSerHum Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-254

01/09/13 L-Theanine Antioxidant Activity Patented Ingredient Supports Calm and Relaxation* Clinical Applications

»» Promotes Relaxation Without Drowsiness* »» Supports Nervous System Health and Function* Cardiovascular Support »» May Support Blood Pressure Already Within the Normal Range* »» Supports Antioxidant and Detoxification Mechanisms* »» May Support Liver Health and Function*

L-Theanine is a naturally occurring, unique amino acid found in green tea leaves. L-theanine has been found to reduce stress by promoting relaxation without drowsiness, easing nervousness due to overwork and fatigue, and reducing nervous irritability. Human studies suggest that it may also be useful in supporting concentration and in reducing negative ® side effects from caffeine. XYMOGEN’s L-Theanine (as Suntheanine ) is Liver Support protected by several patents based on its positive effects.* Available in 60 capsules and 120 capsules Discussion Green tea, prepared from the Camellia sinensis plant, has been balance neurochemistry by blocking glutamate transport, significantly consumed since ancient times for its calming influence. Modern reducing levels of extracellular glutamate and supporting the release research has looked into this “ancient wisdom” and revealed that of dopamine and glycine from neurons.*[6,8,9] L-theanine, an amino acid found almost exclusively in green tea,

has specific and positive effects on the brain and nervous system, Hepatic, Detoxification, and Cardiovascular Support Research Neurologic & Cognitive especially the promotion of relaxation without drowsiness.* studying ethanol metabolism and hepatic toxicity in animals suggests that administration of L-theanine increases liver alcohol Neurological and Brain Support Human studies suggest that within dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, reducing blood 40 minutes of oral administration, L-theanine positively affected ethanol concentration within one hour compared to controls. It is also alpha waves in the brain, a phenomenon indicating relaxation.[1] An suggested that L-theanine’s effect on cytochrome P450 2E1 activity, eight-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, glutathione recovery, and antioxidant mechanisms supports healthy based on the premise that L-theanine “possesses neuroprotective, liver tissue and function.[10-12] L-theanine was observed to significantly mood-enhancing, and relaxation properties,”[2] suggested that 400 inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, and it may play an mg of L-theanine per day was found to be safe and effective. A important role in the maintenance of liver health.[13] L-theanine, double-blind counterbalanced study suggested that oral L-theanine along with green tea polyphenols, was found to provide antioxidant positively influenced heart rate and salivary IgA levels, attenuated activity that supports healthy LDL and oxidation levels and may sympathetic nervous system activation, and positively supported subsequently support cardiovascular health.[14-16] Animal and human Relaxation & Sleep individuals’ normal response to stress. [3] In examining L-theanine’s studies suggest that L-theanine supports healthy blood pressure in the effect on cognition, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled normal range, in part because it moderates the negative side effects study of 91 subjects suggested that individuals taking a combination of caffeine.*[1,17,18] of L-theanine and green tea extract experienced significant increases in theta waves in several areas of the brain, indicative of increased L-theanine and Suntheanine® Although theanine exists in both cognitive alertness.*[4] L- and D- forms, L-theanine is the preferred form due to its greater intestinal absorption and renal retention.[19] An analysis of six In cell studies, L-theanine appears to support neuronal health despite commercial products revealed that five of them contained the poorly the presence of environmental toxins that ordinarily would increase absorbed D-theanine along with L-theanine. Only Suntheanine, the vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons and negatively affect the brand in XYMOGEN’s L-Theanine, appeared to contain only the their function. L-theanine also appears to support neurological health preferred L-theanine enantiomer.[20] Suntheanine is protected by by exerting a positive and significant impact on neurotrophic factors in several patents that cover applications, such as reducing anxiety the brain and assisting cell-signaling activity.*[5] and promoting relaxation. The FDA has consequently approved the following structure/function claims regarding L-theanine: it reduces Research into animal neurochemistry suggests that L-theanine stress, it eases nervousness due to common everyday overwork and positively supports overall nervous system health and activity due to fatigue, and it reduces nervous irritability.[18,21] XYMOGEN’s L-Theanine its positive effects on serotonin, dopamine, and GABA levels, as well provides 400 mg of Suntheanine L-theanine per two-capsule dose.* as its modulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.[6,7] L-theanine crosses the blood-brain barrier intact and may continue to

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive Liver Support Cardiovascular Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyour L-Theanine SupplementFacts silica. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. L-Theanine (Suntheanine Serving Size:2Capsules Serving ® )

L-Theanine, isatrademarkofTaiyo International, Inc. Suntheanine ® , apatentedformof *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 400 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

Jun;86(8):1846-56. [PMID: 18293419] brain.glutamine transportinneuronsandastrogliarat JNeurosciRes. 2008 Kakuda T, HinoiE, Abe A, etal. Theanine, aningredientofgreentea, inhibits[3H] neurotransmission. NutrNeurosci. 2005 Aug;8(4):219-26. [PMID: 16493792] withglutamicacid on neurotransmitterreleaseanditsrelationship Yamada T, Terashima T, Okubo T, etal. Effectsoftheanine, r-glutamylethylamide, Pharmacother. 2006;6(2):21-30. Review. [PMID: 17182482] L-glutamine): apossibleneuroprotectiveandcognitiveenhancingagent. JHerb PJ,Nathan LuK, GrayM, etal. ofL-theanine(N-ethyl- The neuropharmacology conscious rats. NeurochemRes. 1998May;23(5):667-73. [PMID: 9566605] r-glutamylethylamide, dopaminereleasein onbrainmonoaminesandstriatal Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, MochizukiM, etal. Effectoftheanine, .Neurotoxicology 2008Jul;29(4):656-62. [PMID: 18452993] L-theanine onenvironmentaltoxins-inducedneuronalcelldeath. Cho HS, KimS, LeeSY, etal. Protectiveeffectofthegreenteacomponent, Apr;14(4):334-43. [PMID: 21303262] impairment: adouble-blindplacebo-controlledstudy. JMedFood. 2011 insubjectswithmildcognitive andattention l-theanine improvesmemory Park SK, JungIC, Lee WK, etal. ofgreenteaextractand A combination 16930802] physiological stressresponses. BiolPsychol. 2007Jan;74(1):39-45. [PMID: Kimura K, OzekiM, JunejaLR, OhiraH. L-Theaninereducespsychologicaland study.. JClinPsychiatry 2011Jan;72(1):34-42. [PMID: 21208586] disorder: an8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-center withschizophreniaandschizoaffective and anxietysymptomsinpatients Ritsner MS, C, Miodownik Ratner Y, etal. L-theaninerelievespositive, activation, 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(99)00044-8. effectinhumans.tea anditsrelaxation Trends Food Sci Technol. 1999;10:199- Juneja LR, ChuD-C, Okubo T, etal. L-theanine–auniqueaminoacidofgreen Suntheanine 2004;18(3):251-6. [PMID: 14755608] spectrometry.pressure ionization-mass CommunMassSpectrom. Rapid enantiomers byhigh-performanceliquidchromatography/atmospheric Desai MJ, Armstrong DW. theanine andunderivatized Analysis ofderivatized rats. Chirality. 2005Mar;17(3):154-62. [PMID: 15704209] Desai MJ, GillMS, Hsu WH, etal. Pharmacokineticsoftheanineenantiomersin NutriScience Innovations. Suntheanine 17891480] and together. (Berl).2008Jan;195(4):569-77. Psychopharmacology [PMID: and cognitiveperformanceeffectsofcaffeinetheanineadministeredalone Rogers PJ, SmithJE, SV, Heatherley etal. Time fortea: mood, bloodpressure NutriScience. Suntheanine 11448616] promotion propertiesoftea. JNutrBiochem. 2001Jul;12(7):404-421. [PMID: Dufresne CJ, Farnworth ER. researchfindingson thehealth A reviewoflatest 35. [PMID: 9455677] lipoproteinoxidation.upon low-density ExpToxicolPathol. 1997Dec;49(5):329- Yokozawa T, DongE. Influenceofgreenteaanditsthreemajorcomponents Modele=afficheN&cpsidt=24465632. AccessedMarch 28, 2012. (Internet).food research&technology 2011;233(3):427-35. http://cat.inist.fr/?a L02cellsfromhydrogenperoxide-inducedapoptosis.human hepatic European Li G, KangJ, Yao X, etal. The componentofgreentea, L-theanineprotects Cancer Lett. 2004 Aug 30;212(2):177-84. [PMID: 15279898] level.reduces theadversereactionsofdoxorubicinbychangingglutathione Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y. Theanine, ingreentea, derivative aspecificglutamate Feb;50(2):363-72. [PMID: 22019691] ofhepatocytes.enhancing theantioxidantcapability Chem Toxicol Food . 2012 Li G, Ye Y, KangJ, etal. through l-Theaninepreventsalcoholicliverinjury toxicity.and hepatic BiolPharmBull . 2005Sep;28(9):1702-6. [PMID: 16141543] Sadzuka Y, InoueC, HirookaS, etal. Effectsoftheanineonalcoholmetabolism npSuntheanine.htm. Accessed March29, 2012. htm. Accessed March29, 2012. WhatIsSuntheanine.cfm. Accessed March29, 2012. ® Additional referencesavailable uponrequest . isSuntheanine?http://www.suntheanine.com/What ® (Introduction). http://www.l-theanine.com/intro.

® . http://www.nutriscienceusa.com/ Rev. (RV) DRS-186

02/13/13 Lacidofil® Gastrointestinal Support Proprietary Probiotic Blend Clinical Applications

»» Maintains Normal, Healthy Intestinal Microflora* »» Supports Healthy GI Immune Function* Immune System Support »» Supports Healthy Bowel Function* »» Helps the Body to Modulate the Intestinal Pro-Inflammatory Response* »» May Support Lactose Tolerance* »» May Support Intestinal Barrier Function*

Lacidofil® features Institut Rosell’s Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Both of these strains have been extensively studied in human clinical trials, possess an excellent proliferation index, Probiotics Available in 84 capsules and have demonstrated beneficial impacts on human health.* Discussion Lacidofil® is a pharmaceutical-grade probiotic containing two response; reduces stress-induced reactions; supports colonic tissue well-characterized strains of Lactobacillus: L helveticus R-52† and repair mechanisms; and helps maintain intestinal barrier function, L rhamnosus R-11. These strains were isolated and are produced thereby preventing bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph by Institut Rosell-Lallemand, a company that has made significant nodes.*[1-4,7,8] discoveries in the fields of microbiology and nutrition since 1934 with a focus on providing reliable, stable, and documented strains to the Lacidofil-Specific Human Research Numerous clinical trials healthcare industry. employing double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled techniques have been performed with Lacidofil. The majority of these studies Institut Rosell uses the most advanced DNA-analysis technology have investigated Lacidofil’s role in affecting host intestinal flora and to verify their strains. Additionally, both strains in Lacidofil have gastrointestinal health. For instance, studies completed on children undergone testing to measure gastric acid and intestinal solution demonstrated that Lacidofil helps reduce bacterial toxin load and resistance over various time spans and temperatures. Adhesion to supports gastrointestinal health.[9,10] Large-scale studies support the intestinal mucosa has been observed using electron microscopy the role of Lacidofil as an adjunct therapy in promoting GI health (4,300X). Competitive inhibition and increased mucin expression have and healthy bowel function.[11,12] A small-scale study also indicates been documented by Institut Rosell, along with stability at various that lactose tolerance was supported in 19 patients taking Lacidofil temperatures and humidity.* daily for two weeks. [5] Taken together, the results of these human clinical trials exemplify the effectiveness of L helveticus R-52 and L Mechanisms of Action The mechanisms by which probiotics rhamnosus R-11 (Lacidofil) in imparting beneficial health effects to exert their beneficial health effects are manifold. Some of these their host.* mechanisms observed using L helveticus R-52 and L rhamnosus R-11 include the production of inhibitory substances (e.g., lactic †New and improved genetic methods allow deeper insight into bacterial chromosomes. acid, bacteriocins) and competition for epithelial cell adhesion, Use of these methods led to the reclassification of Rosell-52 fromLactobacillus both of which help good bacteria predominate; stimulation of acidophilus to Lactobacillus helveticus in 2006. This name change has no impact with mucus production; metabolic activities that decrease microbial regard to safety or to the value of scientific or clinical documentation. toxins, decrease lactose, and support host digestion; changes in corticosterone levels; and downregulation of inflammatory interleukins and cytokines.[1-6] These varied mechanisms help preserve the health, integrity, and function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at both the cellular and system levels.*

Lacidofil-Specific Animal Research Experimental animal studies using Lacidofil have investigated its safety, as well as examined Lacidofil’s effects on various models. The results of these studies suggest Lacidofil not only helps establish a healthy intestinal microbial environment, but also provides protection to gastric cells; supports a healthy, balanced immune response; modulates the proinflammatory

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Probiotics Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support © XYMOGEN place. dry cause somelossofactivity. Inordertomaximizeshelflife, pleasestoreinacool, could abovethislevelthat topreventexposuretemperatures refrigerated upto96degrees at temperatures STORAGE: Lacidofilisstable F. Itisshipped ingredient. severely immunosuppressed. Keepoutofreachchildren. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyouare nuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, fish, shellfish, nuts, tree by yourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetothreetimesaday, onetotwocapsules orasdirected Lacidofil Serving Size:2Capsules Serving † Colony-FormingUnits Contains: Soyandmilkfrombacterialfermentation. Other Ingredients:Maltodextrin,gelatin(capsule),magnesiumstearate,andascorbicacid. ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. Lactobacillus rhamnosusRosell-11 Lactobacillus helveticusRosell-52and ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 4 BillionCFU ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. †

%Daily Value ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 12. 11.

[PMID: 21165295] double-blind, multicenterstudy. JKorean MedSci. 2010Dec;25(12):1784-91. diarrhea:for thepreventionofantibiotic-associated aprospective, randomized, Slovenska Pediatrie. 1995;51:615-19. onfile] [translation ofchildrenwithgastrointestinaltractillnesses][inChez].treatment Cesko- TlaskalP, MichkovaH, L, Klayarova etal. [Lactobacillusacidophilusinthe on file] MedicalUniversity, State Zaporozhye Ukraine. Unpublishedresults. [summary Ivanko O. LacidofilinthepreventionofClostridiumdifficilediarrheachildren. gerbils. Helicobacter. 2006Feb;11(1):10-20. [PMID: 16423085] functional gastricmucosalimpairmentin onthecyclooxygenase therapy eradication (COX)-2 expression, apoptosis, and Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, MierzwaM, etal. Effectofprobioticsandtriple Mar;60(1):107-18. [PMID: 19439813] colon intheexperimentalmodelofcolitisulcerosa. JPhysiolPharmacol . 2009 changesofthe colitisandthehealingofinflammatory on humanulcerative Zwolinska-Wcislo M, Brzozowski T, Budak A, etal. EffectofCandidacolonization [inChez].aetiology] VnitrniLekarstvi . 1994;40: 79-83. [PMID: 8140765] Kocian J. indifferent indysmicrobia ofdyspepsia [Lactobacilliinthetreatment Lactobacilli] [inChez]. Praktickýlékař. 1994;74:212-14. onfile] [translation Kocian J. oflactoseintolerance: [Furtherpossibilitiesinthetreatment [PMID: 22146691] Lactobacillus rhamnosusR0011. BenefMicrobes. 2011Dec1;2(4):319-34. studies onaprobioticproductcontainingLactobacillushelveticusR0052and Foster LM, Tompkins TA, Dahl WJ. A comprehensive post-marketreviewof psychological stress. Gut. 2006Nov;55(11):1553-60. [PMID: 16638791] chronic following andimproveintestinalbarrierfunctioninrats translocation Zareie M, K, Johnson-Henry J, Jury etal. Probioticspreventbacterial Dis. 2005Jun15;191(12):2106-17. [PMID: 15897997] withprobiotics.Citrobacter rodentiuminfectioninmicebypretreatment JInfect KC,Johnson-Henry NadjafiM, Avitzur Y, etal. oftheeffects Amelioration 2004 Aug;49(7-8):1095-102.[PMID:15387328] inH. andgastricinflammation colonization pylori-infectedmice. Dig DisSci. KC,Johnson-Henry MitchellDJ, Avitzur Y, etal. Probioticsreducebacterial Song HJ, KimJY, JungSA, etal. EffectofprobioticLactobacillus(Lacidofil [PMID: 17033111] resistance toantibiotics. JPhysiolPharmacol. 2006Sep;57Suppl3:123-41. Ziemniak W. Efficacy takingintoaccountits ofHelicobacterpylorieradication Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Helicobacter pylori-infectedMongolian Rev. (RV) DRS-117

08/12/13 ® cap) cap) LipotropiX™ Cardiovascular Support Comprehensive Lipotropic Formula* Clinical Applications

» May Support Bile Synthesis and Lipid Metabolism* » Helps Maintain Healthy Cholesterol Levels Already Within the Normal Range*

» Supports Cardiovascular Health* Liver Support » May Help Protect Liver Cells*

LipotropiX™ is a specialized liver support formula that provides nutrients involved in fat metabolism, including choline, taurine, and methionine. Dandelion and celandine have been selected to support bile ﬂ ow and healthy liver function. Guggul extract and inositol hexanicotinate are included to support healthy blood lipid levels already within the normal range.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion LipotropiX is a specialized formula designed to target lipid metabolism reduced lipid peroxidation, and improved blood lipid metabolism.*[11] and support healthy liver function.* Guggulsterones are the apparent bioactive compounds of guggul, Inositol Hexanicotinate is a niacin derivative that consists of one an herbal extract from resin of the Commiphora mukul tree. Guggul molecule of inositol surrounded by six molecules of niacin. Over a is widely used in Ayurveda for its effect on blood lipids, and research period of time, the body slowly metabolizes niacin in this derived form suggests that guggulsterones may antagonize two nuclear hormone so that the characteristic “niacin fl ush” is avoided. IHN is believed receptors involved in cholesterol metabolism. For example, it has to work in the body in the same way as niacin: It decreases the been demonstrated that guggulsterone is a selective modulator of a mobilization of free fatty acids; inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis in the particular bile acid receptor called a “farnesoid X receptor” (FXR). By liver, specifi cally decreasing VLDL biosynthesis; and decreases the acting as an antagonist to FXR, the guggulsterone can regulate the breakdown of HDL cholesterol.*[1-3] bile salt export pump. In other words, guggulsterone can modify the rate and amount of bile salts transported out of the liver.*[12-14] Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus) is important in both Western phytotherapy and Traditional Chinese Medicine, as it exhibits Choline is involved in lipid transport and metabolism. Without a broad range of biological activities.[4] Its inclusion in LipotropiX adequate choline, lipids accumulate in the liver. Fat and cholesterol relates to in vitro and human studies that demonstrate its support are packaged into lipoproteins in the liver and transported in the of bile production and fl ow and its protective effect on liver cells.[4-6] bloodstream via very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). The body needs Human studies, cited in a review by Gilca et al,[4] suggested that choline to synthesize phosphatidylcholine, a required component of greater celandine helped relieve minor digestive and abdominal VLDL particles. Although the body can synthesize small amounts of complaints related to the biliary system. To test the hepatotoxicity choline, exogenous sources are needed to maintain health.*[15] of greater celandine, researchers supplemented the diet of Wistar rats with doses that were approximately 50 to 100 times higher than Taurine, synthesized in the body from the amino acids methionine those generally used in humans. The results indicated no alteration in and cysteine, is considered a conditionally essential amino acid. hepatic function. Researchers caution against using greater celandine It is required for effi cient fat absorption and conjugation of bile in situations (pharmacological treatments, etc.) that can compromise acids, which solubilize cholesterol and increase its excretion. liver function.*[7] Studies suggest that taurine is important to various aspects of cardioprotection.[16,17] A primary role of taurine in cardiovascular health Dandelion (Taraxacum offi cinale), based on empirical fi ndings, has relates to its ability to scavenge hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which been used medicinally as far back as the 10th and 11th centuries is produced by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils and macrophages. to support digestive health and kidney and liver function.[8] Recent HOCl is a major contributor to the oxidation of LDL (low-density animal and in vitro research points to the cell-protective effects and lipoproteins).*[17] antioxidant activity of dandelion.[9] For instance, an in vitro study on increased lipid peroxidation in the cortex, hippocampus, and Methionine, a sulfur-containing essential amino acid, is one of the striatum of rats suggested that dandelion demonstrated protective body’s most important methyl donors. Maintaining healthy levels of antioxidant effects.[10] In another study, rats that were supplemented methionine is important for the downstream production of glutathione, with dandelion extract showed increased antioxidant liver enzymes, a tripeptide that assists with the protection of the liver.*[18]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Liver Support Cardiovascular Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedailyaftermeals, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyour LipotropiX Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),calciumsilicate,silica,stearicacid,andmagnesiumstearate. ** DailyValue notestablished. (whole plant) Greater Celandine4:1Extract(Chelidoniummajus) Dandelion 4:1Extract(Taraxacum offi cinale)(root) Taurine L-Methionine (Commiphora mukul)(gumexudate) Guggulsterones (fromguggulextract) Inositol Hexanicotinate Choline DihydrogenCitrate Niacin (asinositolhexanicotinate) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 37.5 mg 100 mg 200 mg 500 mg 200 mg 375 mg 50 mg 75 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 1875% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References =100&id=42&fs=ND&searchid=36616394.20,2012. AccessedAugust http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com/nd/Search.aspx?cs=&s=ND&pt Methionine. FullMonograph. Medicine’s Natural ComprehensiveDatabase. Nihon YakurigakuZasshi. 2004May;123(5):311-17. [PMID: 15118255] Ito T, Azuma J. Taurine isapossible anti-atherosclerotic [inJapanese]. agent 19343117] cardiovascular disease. ExpClinCardiol. 2008Summer;13(2):57-65. [PMID: Xu YJ, Arneja AS, Tappia PS, etal. The potentialhealthbenefi ts oftaurinein choline/.20,2012. AccessedAugust Research forOptimumHealth. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/ Center:Micronutrient Information Choline. LinusPauling Institute. Micronutrient export pump. JBiolChem. 2003Mar21;278(12):10214-20. [PMID: 12525500] assaysbutactstoenhancetranscriptionofbilesalt association in coactivator Cui J, HuangL, Zhao A, etal. GuggulsteroneisafarnesoidXreceptorantagonist [PMID: 18078436] beneficardiovascular ts. Deng R. effectsofguggulanditsconstituentguggulsterone:Therapeutic hypocholesterolemia. Prod. JNat 2009Jan;72(1):24-28. [PMID: 19102680] phospholipase of Commiphoramukulonpancreatic A(2): rolein Yu BZ, KaimalR, BaiS, etal. Effectofguggulsteroneandcembranoids 2):109-17. [PMID: 11814465] extract.Chim Acta. ofdandelionwater supplementation Clin2002Mar;317(1- activities andlipidprofi by le instreptozotocin-induceddiabeticrats Cho SY, Park JY, Park EM, etal. antioxidantenzyme ofhepatic Alternation Jul;50(7):883-91. [PMID: 22480378] inducedbysodiumnitroprussideinbrainofrats.death PharmBiol. 2012 offi cellular cinale fruitextractareinvolvedintheprotectiveeffectagainst Colle D, Arantes LP, RauberR, etal. Antioxidant propertiesof Taraxacum liver toxicityinmice. ActaBiolHung. 2010Jun;61(2):175-90. [PMID: 20519172] sesquiterpene lactonesof Taraxacum offi cinale oncarbontetrachlorideinduced Mahesh A, R, Jeyachandran CindrellaL, etal. potentialof Hepatocurative 16950583] profipharmacological le. Schütz K, CarleR, Schieber A. Taraxacum—a reviewonitsphytochemicaland 10;126(3):518-24. [PMID: 19761826] in Wistar rats, ina4weeksfeedingexperiment. JEthnopharmacol. 2009Dec Mazzanti G, DiSotto A, Franchitto A, etal. Chelidoniummajusisnothepatotoxic 1999 Aug 15;94(8):425-30. [PMID: 10495621] [in German].from aplacebo-controlleddouble-blindstudy MedKlin(Munich). system.upper abdominalpainduetofunctionaldisordersofthebiliary Results Niederau C, GöpfertE. The effectofchelidoniumandturmericrootextracton Jun;61(3):267-71. [PMID: 7617771] liver. perfusedrat herb extractoncholeresisintheisolated PlantaMed. 1995 Vahlensieck U, HahnR, Winterhoff H, etal. The effectofChelidoniummajus Oct;17(5):241-48. [PMID:20980763] versusmodernfitraditional knowledge ndings. Forsch Komplementmed. 2010 Gilca M, GamanL, Panait E, etal. review: Chelidoniummajus—anintegrative 4887.2012.00479.x. [PMID: 22646128] and healtheffects. NutrRev. 2012Jun;70(6):357-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1753- MacKay D, J, Hathcock GuarneriE. Niacin: chemicalforms, bioavailability, 2012 Jun;13(9):1345-62. [PMID: 22607011] review oneffi cacy, clinical effectivenessandsafety. ExpertOpinPharmacother. Yadav R, France M, Younis N, etal. Extended-releaseniacinwithlaropiprant: a [PMID: 499296] nicotinic acidandderivatives. EurJClinPharmacol.1979Aug;16(1):11-15. Kruse W, Kruse W, RaetzerH, etal. Nocturnalinhibitionoflipolysisinmanby Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Cardiovasc DrugRev.2007 Winter;25(4):375-90. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006Oct11;107(3):313-23. [PMID: Rev. 09/06/12 (RV) DRS-154 ™ Liver Protect Antioxidant Activity Hepatic Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Liver Function*

»» Supports Cytokine Balance* Cytokine Balance Support »» Supports Glutathione Production* »» May Protect Liver Tissue*

Liver Protect™ contains the amino acid N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a key component of glutathione—a tripeptide that plays a significant role in detoxification and antioxidant support. Liver Protect also contains a combination of alpha-lipoic acid, silymarin from milk thistle, and

selenium for support of antioxidant activity, regeneration of other Immune System Support antioxidants, and promotion of healthy immune function.*

Available in 60 capsules & 120 capsules Discussion The liver is the body’s major metabolic organ. It processes, packages, Selenium (as selenomethionine) An important coenzyme for the stores, and ships out carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and micronutrients. glutathione peroxidase detoxification system, selenium also appears It is responsible for the breakdown and elimination of alcohol, toxins, to support the endogenous antioxidant defenses of hepatocytes hormones, and medications, as well as for the synthesis of vital by upregulating their manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) proteins, such as albumin, prealbumin, and clotting factors. It may be expression. At the same time, selenium appears to support healthy stated that the health of the body depends on the health of the liver. cytokine balance by affecting interleukin-6 (IL-6) transcription Research suggests that providing targeted nutrition supplementation in Kupffer cells (liver-based macrophages).[8] Kupffer cells play a Liver Support may help support liver function and health.*[1] crucial role in maintaining normal structure and function in the liver. Supporting their function and the body’s normal inflammatory N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) An acetylated derivative of the sulfur- response in turn supports liver health overall.*[9] containing amino acid L-cysteine, NAC promotes the synthesis of glutathione—a tripeptide that is active in detoxification and Upon studying targeted nutrition support for liver health, physician and antioxidant systems. Glutathione also supports a healthy defense researcher Dr. Burton M. Berkson chose to combine alpha-lipoic acid, against hepatotoxic environmental pollutants, gamma-radiation, and silymarin, and selenium to obtain a balanced and low-cost approach other potential toxins.*[1,2] to liver support.[10] These three ingredients plus NAC are all present in Liver Protect™ to support liver health, antioxidant activity, and the Alpha-Lipoic Acid Sometimes referred to as thioctic acid, alpha-lipoic body’s natural immune defenses.* acid is both water- and fat-soluble. It supports glutathione, helps regenerate antioxidant vitamins C and E, helps maintain the ratio of reduced to oxidized CoQ10 in the mitochondria, and helps support healthy levels of nitric oxide in the liver and kidney.[3] The redox couple of lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic stabilizes NF-kappaB transcription and may help support healthy immune functions in the body.*[4,5]

Milk Thistle Seed Extract Silymarin, the active component in milk thistle, has a history of use in promoting liver health. It supports antioxidant activity, neutralizes toxins, and also may protect hepatocytes’ genetic material. Like alpha-lipoic acid, silymarin supports production of cellular glutathione. Its actions in the liver include maintaining normal levels of fat peroxidation and fibrous tissue formation; supporting a healthy immune response and the natural response to inflammation; and promoting protein synthesis and normal regeneration of liver tissue.[6] A randomized placebo-controlled study of 103 individuals suggested that silymarin yielded statistically positive results and was well tolerated.*[7]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Liver Support Immune System Support Cytokine Balance Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Liver Protect Selenium (asL-selenomethionine) silica. cellulose,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Alpha-Lipoic Acid Milk ThistleExtract(Silybummarianum)(seed)(80%silymarin) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving

9. [PMID: 10554539] selenium: threecasehistories. MedKlin(Munich). 1999Oct15;94Suppl3:84- C.hepatitis ofalphalipoicacid(thiocticacid), Combination silymarin, and Berkson BM. of tothetreatment tripleantioxidantapproach A conservative 17122412] toxicity andcarcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci . 2007Mar;96(1):2-15. Review. [PMID: Roberts RA, GaneyPE, JuC, etal. RoleoftheKupffer hepatic cellinmediating Biochem. 2008Jan;102(1):110-8. [PMID: 17804075] liver MnSODexpression: molecularmechanismforhepato-protection. JInorg Shilo S, Pardo M, Aharoni-Simon M, etal. increases Seleniumsupplementation 19303273] biomarkers ofacutehepatitis. Phytomedicine. 2009May;16(5):391-400. [PMID: trial toassessthesafetyandefficacy ofsilymarinonsymptoms, signsand SS,El-Kamary ShardellMD, Abdel-Hamid M, etal. A randomizedcontrolled 504. [PMID: 17213517] toclinicalpharmacology medicine. IndianJMedRes. 2006Nov;124(5):491- Pradhan SC, Girish C. herbal drug, Hepatoprotective silymarin from experimental 2;69(15):722-4. [PMID: 1724477] human immuno-deficiency virus(HIV-1) replication. KlinWochenschr. 1991Oct Baur A, Harrer T, Peukert M, etal. Alpha-lipoic acidisaneffectiveinhibitorof 30;189(3):1709-15. [PMID: 1482376] inhuman Bactivation kappa T cells. BiochemBiophysResCommun. 1992Dec Suzuki YJ, Aggarwal BB, Packer L. Alpha-lipoic acidisapotentinhibitorofNF- damage. Toxicology. 2008Jan20;243(3):261-70. [PMID: 18068886] andrenal acetaminophen-inducedhepatic role ofalpha-lipoicacidagainst Abdel-Zaher AO, RH,Abdel-Hady MahmoudMM, etal. The potentialprotective Jan 18. [PMID: 18289923] trichloroethylene-induced genotoxicityinhumanHepG2cells. Res . Mutat 2008 Hu C, JiangL, GengC, etal. Possible stressin involvementofoxidative 2nd ed. Hudson(OH): Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-189

07/29/13 Magnesium Citrate Bone Health Support

Clinical Applications

»» Superior “Magnesia” Laxative Formula Ideal for Facilitating Bowel Movements*

»» Supports Cardiovascular Health* Cardiovascular Support

Magnesium plays a vital role in hundreds of metabolic activities. The mineral particularly supports muscle and nervous system function. Magnesium Citrate supports healthy bowel movement by attracting water when it is in the intestine.* Gastrointestinal Support

Available in 120 capsules Discussion The superior bioavailability noted above was the conclusion of a 60 day randomized, double blind, placebocontrolled, parallel intervention study comparing a daily dose of 300 mgs elemental magnesium as magnesium citrate to the oxide and chelate forms. In this study

Mg citrate showed the greatest increase in Mg concentration in the Joint & Muscle Support serum and saliva in both 24-hour and 60-day post -supplementation specimens.*

In general, the administration of magnesium is an effective therapeutic option for a wide range of conditions. However, the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of various magnesium salts correlate with their structureactivity relationship. Therefore, particular forms are condition- specific.*

A study that evaluated 40 post M.I. patients found that after 3 weeks of Mg citrate supplementation extrasystoles significantly decreased. Other findings suggest that 6-month oral magnesium supplementation in patients with CAD can significantly improve excercise tolerance, excercise-induced chest pain, and quality of life.*

The citrate form of magnesium was proven to be potent in inhibiting the growth of stone fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Long term supplementation with magnesium citrate has been demonstrated to work well in childhood mild to moderate asthma. It is a form that in another study restored RBC Mg levels to patients with severe congestive heart failure on high dose diuretics.*

In a six-week randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo- controlled trial that employed 300mg of elemental magnesium in the form of magnesium citrate, 78% of the subjects thought their nocturnal leg cramps had been helped.*

Magnesium citrate is the form of magnesium used for colonoscopy preparation. Elemental Magnesium constitutes only 16% of the magnesium citrate compound.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Joint & Muscle Support Gastrointestinal Support Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Magnesium CitrateSupplementFacts trigylcerides. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica,andmedium-chain Magnesium (asmagnesiumcitrate) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving

Oct;8(5): 345-57. [PMID: 11550076] saltstohumans.J. ofmagnesium after administration AmTher. 2001Sep- Ranade VV, SombergJC,. and pharmacokineticsofmagnesium Bioavailability 2003 Sep;16(3):183-91. [PMID: 14596323] inarandomised,than otherMgpreparations double-blindstudy,. Res Magnes Walker AF, MarakisG, ChristieS, foundmorebioavailable ByngM.Mgcitrate human disease. Front. Biosci 2004Jan1;9:262-76[PMID: 14766364] Laires MJ, MonteiroCP, inhealthand BichoMRoleofcellularmagnesium failure. ClinCardiol. 2000Jun;23(6):433-6[PMID: 10875034] withseverecongestiveheart patients infurosemide-treated supplementation Berman S, ModaiD, Golik A. Metabolicandclinical effectsoforalmagnesium Cohen N, Alon I, Almoznino-Sarafian D, ZaidensteinR, Weissgarten J, GorelikO, 1995;17(3):86-90 status.and parametersofmagnesium Feyertag, J., etal,, Magnesium-Bulletin Feyertag, J., etal. inventriculararrhythmias supplementation Oralmagnesium 40579] Database disease. artery coronary AmJCardiol, Mar1, 2003;91:517-521. [ClinicalPearls tolerance, excercise-inducedchestpain, with andqualityoflifeinpatients Shechter M, MerzCNB, etal. onexcercise therapy Effectsoforalmagnesium Med SciMonit. 2002May;8(5):CR326-30[PMID: 12011773] ofchronicpersistantlegcramps. inthetreatment citrate trial ofmagnesium Roffe C, SillsS, CromeP, JonesP. Randomised, cross-over, placebocontrolled ,Gynecology July, 1995;173(1):175-180[ClinicalPearls 26217] Database Cramps,” Dahl, Lars O., M.D. etal, AmericanJournalofObstetricsand SubstitutiononPregnancy-Induced“The EffectofOralMagnesium Leg 16(4):262-70 [PMID: 14979636] randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blindstudy. Res. Magnes 2003Dec; supplementation: childrenreceivingmagnesium excretion inasthmatic a Bede O, Suranyi A, PinterK, M, Szlavik GyurkovitsK. magnesium Urinary Med J. 2005May;26(5): 705-13[PMID: 15951854] Abdel-Halim RE. Urolithiasisinadults. Clinical andbiochemicalaspects. Saudi of migraines. ClinNeurosci1998;5(1):24-7 Mauskop A, Altura BM. andtreatment inthepathogenesis Roleofmagnesium Fox C, RamsoomairD, CarterC;SouthMedJ2001;94(12):1195-1201 ] naturaldatabase.com .Magnesium MedicinesComprehensiveDatabase. Natural Stockton, CA. [www. 2002 Aug;95 (8): 334-6. [PMID: 12174756] Garcia MC, ByrdRPJr, Roy Tenn hypermagnesemia. TM Lethaliatrogenic Med. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-153

08/31/12 Detoxification Liver Support (a stable, bioavailable form of (a stable, ® is formulated phase I and phase II to support ™ for optimal folate utilization. MedCaps DPO provides for optimal folate utilization. ®† [9-13] antioxidant support to minimize the damaging effects of free radicals generated between the two phases.* detoxification, hence the term “Dual-Phase Optimizers.” Ellagic “Dual-Phase Optimizers.” the term hence detoxification, alpha-lipoic artichoke leaf, silymarin, glycosinolates, catechins, acid, and (NAC), N-acetyl-L-cysteine methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), acid, calcium D-glucarate support critical steps in the complex process of detoxification—a function essential to overall health and vitality. This unique formula provides activated B vitamins for enhanced 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) as including bioavailability, Quatrefolic Supports Balanced DetoxificationSupports Balanced (Phases I & II)* and EnergySupports Liver Health Generation* of Phase II Pathways* Variety Promotes a Antioxidant Mechanisms* Supports Natural MedCaps DPO » » » » (5-MTHF) is present as Quatrefolic folate) to support methylation, energy generation, and phase l and energy generation, folate) support methylation, to Calcium D-glucarate has been added to support phase ll activity. Sulfate donors sodium sulfate and N-acetyl-cysteine glucuronidation. heavy-metal(NAC) are especially important in cases of burden because they support glutathione production and the sulfation pathway.* MedCaps DPO is designed to be part of a comprehensive adequatedetoxification high-quality protein, protocol that includes The resulting combination provides and fiber. fats, carbohydrates, of detoxificationmicronutrients to support the active phases and amino acid conjugation, macronutrients to support energy production, and elimination.* Clinical Applications Clinical » » » »

[4] [3] ™ In addition, In addition, include ellagic include [1,2] ™ 5-methyltetrahydrofolate [9] Available in 120 capsules Available [5-7]

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, is not intended to diagnose, treat, This product *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Glucosinolates are precursors to isothiocyanates. Watercress, in Watercress, Glucosinolates precursors to isothiocyanates. are is metabolized by gut flora into phenylethyl isothiocyanate particular, can selectively inhibit like the other ingredients above, which, (PEITC), phase I enzymes and induce the activities of phase II enzymes.* ellagic bind directly to DNA to protect it and can also bind acid can The directly to some toxic substances to promote their excretion. catechinsand may bind in green tea support antioxidant activity performing dual functions during directly to toxic substances as well, catechins are encountered, When toxic substances detoxification. modulate detoxification by limiting phase I enzyme production. Additional ingredients in this formula are present to support vital Key ingredients that support phase II detoxification pathways. methylcobalamin methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), methylation include (B12),and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate). Liver detoxification is further supported with the inclusion of silymarin Liver detoxification is further supported with the inclusion and alpha-lipoic artichoke leaf extract, (milk thistle seed extract), all of which are selected for their hepatoprotective properties. acid, These key players also promote glutathione production and assist with antioxidant protection.* Examples of dual-phase optimizers in MedCaps DPO The term “Dual-Phase Optimizers” refers to those substances with Optimizers” “Dual-Phase The term the activity of “optimize” the ability to simultaneously influence and Optimizers certain phase I and phase II detoxification enzyme systems. optimizing generally upregulate or induce phase II enzymes; however, without totally phase I enzymes may mean downregulating them, Dual-phase optimizers may when they are too high. inhibiting them, further balance the phases of detoxification by supporting antioxidant formed between the two defense systems and binding free radicals phases.* Discussion

MedCaps DPO MedCaps Optimizers* Dual-Phase acid from pomegranate, catechins from green tea extract, and catechins tea extract, from green acid from pomegranate, Ellagic acid induces phase II glucosinolates from watercress powder. by enzymes at the gene level and ensures these are not over-induced P450 1A) activities. modulation of CYP1A (cytochrome Liver Support Detoxification © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically-modified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, damaged. Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftampersealis practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare MedCaps DPO Folate (as(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving and microcrystalline cellulose. and microcrystalline Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica,medium-chaintriglycerides, ** DailyValue notestablished. Calcium D-Glucarate Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) (80% polyphenols,60%catechins,30%EGCG,6%caffeine) Green Tea AqueousExtract(Camelliasinensis)(leaf) Sodium SulfateAnhydrous N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Alpha-Lipoic Acid Pomegranate Extract(Punicagranatum)(hull)(40%ellagicacid) Milk ThistleExtract(Silybummarianum)(seed)(80%silymarin) Watercress (Nasturtiumofficinale)(aerialparts) cynarin) Artichoke AqueousExtract(Cynarascolymus)(leaf)(2.5% Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin)

™ SupplementFacts S.p.A. ProducedunderUSPatent7,947,662. † Quatrefolic ® isaregisteredtrademarkofGnosis *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. † This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. ) Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 131.25 mg 93.75 mg 200 mcg 100 mcg 100 mg 100 mg 100 mg 125 mg 250 mg 300 mg 25 mg 50 mg 50 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 1250% 1667% 50% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 13. 12. 11. Due totheevolvingnatureofinteractionsandcontraindications, itis advised

Dosw (Online). 2008Sep5;62:451-62. [PMID: 18772850] acid anditsderivatives: potentialuseinmedicine[inPolish]. PostepyHigMed Zółtaszek R, HanausekM, KiliañskaZM, etal. The biologicalroleofD-glucaric Proc. 1986Jul;45(8):2235-40. [PMID: 3459670] Levy G. indrugmetabolism: conjugation Sulfate roleofinorganicsulfate. Fed 15218538] of homocysteine metabolism. ActaBiochimPol. 2004;51(2):405-13. [PMID: Brosnan JT, JacobsRL, SteadLM, etal. demand: Methylation akeydeterminant damage. Toxicology. 2008Jan20;243(3):261-70. [PMID: 18068886] andrenal acetaminophen-inducedhepatic role ofalpha-lipoicacidagainst Abdel-Zaher AO, RH,Abdel-Hady MahmoudMM, etal. The potentialprotective brain.in rat Phytomedicine. 2007Feb;14(2-3):129-35. [PMID: 16638633] Nencini C, GiorgiG, MicheliL. stress Protectiveeffectofsilymarinonoxidative Nov;33(5):661-5. [PMID: 11200096] on reactiveoxygenspeciesinhumanleukocytes. FreeRadicRes. 2000 Perez-Garcia F, Adzet T, CanigueralS. Activity ofartichokeleafextract smokers. Carcinogenesis . 2006 Apr;27(4):782-90. [PMID: 16364922] isothiocyanate onP450s2A6and2A13: potentialforchemopreventionin von Weymarn LB, ChunJA, HollenbergPF. Effectsofbenzylandphenethyl Jul;44(7):1075-81. [PMID: 16487642] expression inHepG2andCal-27cells. FoodChemToxicol. 2006 Yang SP, Wilson K, Kawa A, etal. Effectsofgreenteaextractsongene 16603449] system fororaladministration. JDrugTarget. 2006Jan;14(1):27-34. [PMID: acidaspotentialprophylaxis containingantioxidantellagic formulation Bala I, Bhardwaj V, HariharanS, etal. Sustainedreleasenanoparticulate [PMID: 8625448] acid. anticarcinogenellagic the dietary Carcinogenesis. 1996Feb;17(2):265-9. Barch DH, RundhaugenLM, StonerGD, etal. of Structure-functionrelationships 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Shils ME, ShikeMS, Ross AC, etal. ModernNutritioninHealthandDisease. Harbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine;2010. Baker SM, BennettP, BlandJS, etal. Textbook ofFunctionalMedicine. Gig 2006 Apr;27(5):447-86. [PMID: 16472997] excretion ofsulfate, glucuronide, metabolites. andglutathione drug transportersandphaseIImetabolizingenzymes: mechanismsofhepatic Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, HoffmasterKA, NezasaK, etal. ofhepatic Integration that practitionersconsultacurrentdatabasefornewinformation. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Eur JPharmSci REV. (RV) DRS-171

06/11/13 . MedCaps GI™ Gastrointestinal Support Proprietary Gastrointestinal Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Support the Integrity of the G.I. Mucosa* »» Support Optimal Function of G.I. Mucosa*

MedCaps GI™ features L-glutamine, zinc and pantothenic acid to nutritionally support the gastrointestinal mucosa and the prebiotic inulin to provide nourishment of the gastrointestinal mucosa cells. It also features aloe leaf extract, which has traditionally been used for optimal GI function.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Pantothenic Acid (as calcium d-pantothenate), a component of increase G.I. transit time, improve protein digestion and absorption, Coenzyme A, has various essential roles that sustain life. Among increase stool bulk and normalize stool bacteria where high levels of these is maintenance of muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract. yeasts previously existed.*[4] Pantothenic acid supports the synthesis of serotonin and acetylcholine and therefore, may be beneficial in combating stress, often a component of gastrointestinal disorders.*

Zinc (as bis-glycinate chelate) has so many important roles in the body, including the quenching of free radicals possibly present in gastrointestinal disorders. Individuals with inflammatory bowel disorders or any diarrhea-related condition are at risk for zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency may potentiate the effect of toxins produced by E.coli. A deficiency may also impair the absorption of water and electrolytes and perpetuate the diarrhea. Chronic low zinc impairs nitric oxide production, a substance that plays an important part in triggering diarrheal disease.*[1]

Inulin is a prebiotic fermented by intestinal flora to produce short chain fatty acids, including butyrate. Butyrate acts as “fuel” for colonocytes and enhances expression of biotransformation genes that induce glutathione Stransferase, protecting colonocytes from carcinogens.*[2]

L-Glutamine, a conditionally essential amino acid, is most important for intestinal energy supply; regeneration of the gastrointestinal mucosa is dependent upon its utilization. Supplementation has been shown to decrease inflammatory tissue damage in patients with conditions that generally result in low glutamine levels.[3] L- Glutamine is considered an immunonutrient and is particularly important for the body under stress-related conditions.*

Aloe (Leaf Extract), used for thousands of years, is perhaps most well-known for healing of damaged epithelial tissue, including the bowel lining. Despite the lack of scientific published studies there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that aloe vera helps inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. In some individuals it may

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Gastrointestinal Support Albion Laboratories,Inc. TRAACS isaregisteredtrademarkof © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare MedCaps GI Serving Size:2Capsules Serving Zinc (asTRAACS Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) silica. cellulose,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. Aloe vera200:1AqueousExtract(leafgel) L-Glutamine Cichorium intybus)(root) Inulin (fromchicory)(

TM ® SupplementFacts ZincGlycinateChelate) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 250 mg 400 mg 7.5 mg 50 mg 25 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 500% 50% ** ** ** 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

{accessed 3.29.07} in GastrointestinalFunctionNormalHumans. [www.positivehealth.com] Alto, C.A., PreventionMagazine, EffectofOrallyConsumed Aloe Vera Juice Bland, J. Ph.D. (1985), LinusPauling InstituteofScienceandMedicine, Palo 16749917] syndrome.for irritablebowel IntJClinPract. 2006Sep;60(9):1080-6[PMID: K,Davis et. al. Randomiseddouble-blindplacebo-controlledtrialofaloevera Dec;51(12):2170-9. [PMID: 17078002] disease: DigDisSci. forglutaminesupplementation? arationale 2006 Sido B. glutaminaseactivityinCrohn’s intestinalglutaminelevelandlow Low 17381985] coloncells.genes inhumanprimary BrJNutr. 2007Mar7;:1-11[PMID: prebiotic inulinwithhumangutfloraenhanceexpressionofbiotransformation Sauer J, RichterKK, Pool-Zobel BL. ofthe Productsformedduringfermentation malnutrition andthegastrointestinaltract. [PMID: 10801949] Wapnir RA. JNutr. 2000May;130(5SSuppl): 1388S-92SZincdeficiency, Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (NF) DRS-150

11/26/12 ™ MedCaps IS Blood Sugar Support Proprietary Blood Glucose Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Glucose Metabolism* »» Supports Healthy Insulin Sensitivity* Weight Management »» Supports Healthy Blood Lipid Levels Already Within The Normal Range*

MedCaps IS™ is an extraordinary combination of herbal and nutrient support for healthy glucose metabolism. It features concentrates of fenugreek, gymnema and bitter gourd, the addition of high levels of vanadium along with select B vitamins and the mineral, chromium. This formula provides nutritional support for glucose and insulin metabolism and supports healthy blood lipid levels already within the normal range*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Thiamin activates glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). between 30-60 minutes and a peak effect at about 4 hours.[16] It is Decreased availability of this enzyme has been implicated in diabetes approved as an antidiabetic drug in China.*[17] complications such as blindness, nerve damage, kidney failure, stroke and cardiovascular disease.[1] Thiamin repletion in the case of a six Gymnema sylvestre reduced fasting blood sugars, glycosylated year-old girl with diabetes caused by a genetic mutation effecting hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycosylated plasma protein levels and thiamine transport demonstrated its benefits.[2] Thiamin deficiency thus insulin requirements in Type 1 diabetics by reducing glucose may cause diabetic neuropathy by decreasing transketolase, needed absorption in the intestine, stimulating pancreatic beta cell growth for normal myelinization and thiamine monophasphatase, needed for and possibly increasing endogenous insulin secretion as suggested by primary sensory neuron function.*[3] an increase in C-peptide levels. Gymnema was shown to also reduce serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL and LDL.*[18] Niacin is required for lipid metabolism, tissue respiration and glycogenolysis. It may preserve and protect Beta cells.[4] Niacinamide improved insulin secretion in lean diabetics who had failed drug treatment.*[5]

Chromium and Biotin synergistically improve glucose tolerance.[6,7] Biotin, in large doses (5-15 mgs) enhances the effects of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. One small study demonstrated reversal of diabetic neuropathy.[8] Chromium polynicotinate, preferred for its bioavailability and biological activity may increase insulin receptor sensitivity and enhance glucose transport. Anderson, et al. showed 1000 mcgs of chromium stabilized blood sugar in two months along with insulin and cholesterol level improvement.*[9]

Vanadyl Sulfate may reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and “mimic” insulin’s effect.[10] In rats, vanadyl sulfate was also shown to alter the expression of genes dysregulated in diabetes.*[11]

Fenugreek Seed and its constituent, 4-isoleucine appear to directly stimulate insulin.[12] The combination of fenugreek with vanadium appeared to normalize altered membrane linked functions and GLUT4 distribution.[13] Fenugreek also lowered high serum cholesterol and triglycerides.*[14]

Bitter Gourd (aka. bitter melon) contains an insulin-like polypeptide shown to exhibit hypoglycemic effects[15] with an onset of action

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing 10,000 mcg 1000 mcg ® 100 mg 150 mg 300 mg 100 mg 100 mg FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 5 mg 3333% 6667% 833% 500% %DV ** ** ** ** 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13.

secretion. Diabetes1998;47: 20610 Sauvaire Y. etal. 4-hydroxisoleucine. ofinsulin A novelaminoacidpotentiator 16;26(3):192-201. Epub2006May9. [PMID: 16684804] sulfate: ofvanadyl by oraladministration PhysiolGenomics.2006Aug Willsky GR. skeletalmuscle Diabetes-alteredgeneexpressioninrat corrected Altern ComplementMed, 1999;5(3): 273-291 Badmaev V. Vanadium:against diabetes;J reviewofitspotentialroleinthefight www.naturaldatabase.com York Academy ofSciences1985;447:389-92 Coggeshall JC, etal. andplasmaglucoseindiabetes. Biotinstatus AnnalsNew Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006Dec;8(6): 636-43[PMID:17109595] 2 diabetesmellitus: aplacebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomizedtrial. withtype onglycemiccontrolinpoorlycontrolledpatients supplementation Singer GM, GeohasJ. andbiotin The effectofchromiumpicolinate type IIdiabetes. MedHypothese1999May;52(5):401-6 for toenableadefinitivenutritionaltherapy synergize withchromiumpicolinate McCarty MF. Highdosebiotin, aninducerofglutokinaseexpression, may sulfonylureas. ActaDiabetol1998;35:61-4 failureto withsecondary metabolic controlinleantype2diabeticpatients Polo, V. Saibene A., Pontiroli AE. Nicotinamideimprovesinsulinsecretionand [PMID: 7781843] and insulinrequirementafter2years. DiabeteMetab.1995Feb:21(1): 4709. Pozzilli, B. etal. diagnosis inrecentonsettype1diabetesat Adjuvant therapy Medwelt,1989;40:1484-6 Frydl, V., Zavodska, H. DiabeticPolyneuropathy and Vitamin B1, August 1978;93(2): 235-238. Sensorineural Deafness, andDiabetesMellitus: A NewSyndrome?, JPediatrics, Viana MB, RI. Carvalho Thiamine- ResponsiveMegaloblastic Anemia, hyperglycemia. Sci Environ.Aging Knowledge 2003Mar12;(10): PE6. Obrenovich ME, Monnier VM. causedby Vitamin B1blocksdamage MO:Wolters KluwerCo;1999 ProductsbyFactsThe ReviewofNatural andComparisons. St. Louis, Etnopharmacol 1990;30:281-94 extract inthecontrolofbloodglucoseinsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus. J Radha Shanmugasundaram, K., Kizar Ahmath, B. sylvestreleaf Useofgymnema Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B., Rajeswari, G., BaskaranK., RajeshKumar, B.R., Phytother Res2003Dec;17(10): 1127-1134 Jia W. Gao W, Tang L. approved inChina.Antidiabetic herbaldrugsofficially charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Phytomedicine1996;26 Raman A, etal. of Momordica Anti-diabetic propertiesandphytochemistry 1993;33(1)1-4 animalmodelofdiabetes.Momordica charantiainvalidated PharmacolRes, Sarkar S, M, Pranava MaritaR. ofthehypoglycemicaction Demonstration Professionals. London, UK The PharmaceuticalPress, 1993 Newall CA, Anderson LA, PhilpsonJD. HerbalMedicine: A GuideforHealthcare Biochem. 2006 285(1-2):Apr; 17-27. Epub2006 19[PMID:Apr 16622606] Na+/K +-ATPase inalloxan-diabeticrats. activityandGLUT4translocation Cell Siddiqui MRet.al. and dosesofvanadate Low Trigonella synergisticallyregulate Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-143

08/13/12 ™

MedCaps Menopause Female Health Female Herbal Nutrient Formula

MedCaps Menopause™ is a unique combination blend that is formulated to provide nutritional targeted nourishment for women during menopause. It features specially selected herbs and nutrients that support the adrenal glands’ adaptive response as well as support circulation, relaxation and overall well-being. Featuring a non soy derived source of isoflavones, MedCaps Menopause may also beneficially influence estrogen receptor function.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion » MedCaps Menopause™ is a unique combination blend that is formulated to provide targeted nourishment for women during menopause.*

» It features specially selected herbs and nutrients that support the adrenal glands’ adaptive response as well as support circulation, relaxation, and overall well-being.*

» Featuring a non-soy derived source of isoflavones, Medcaps Menopause™ may also beneficially influence estrogen receptor function.*

» MedCaps Menopause™ and other MedCaps formulas can be added to any of the formulas found in the XYMOGEN Modular Functional Food System™ to optimize clinical flexibility and patient compliance.*

Rev. (NF) DRS-204

05/17/13 ™

MedCaps T3 Thyroid Support Thyroid Support Formula* Clinical Applications

» Supports Healthy Thyroid Function* » Supports the Body’s Conversion of T4 to the More Active Hormone T3*

MedCaps T3™ features targeted nutrients and herbs that support healthy thyroid hormone biosynthesis. This combination may facilitate the expression of thyroid hormone genes. The addition of ashwagandha and guggul extract may aid in the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine (T4 to T3) and may assist in maintaining healthy blood lipid levels already within the normal range.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Iodine The thyroid gland produces two main iodine-containing genes.[8] Expression of these genes affects growth, differentiation, hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones development, and metabolic homeostasis. More studies into the roles circulate in the bloodstream and work on every living tissue and cell of zinc and vitamins A and D will help to gain a better understanding of to regulate metabolism and growth. Of the body’s iodine pool (about how these nutrients interact with thyroid hormones, iodine, selenium, 15 mgs in adults), 80% is contained in the thyroid gland. Iodine is and each other to infl uence thyroid health.* primarily used as a substrate for the manufacture of T4 and T3, and healthy iodine status is imperative for normal thyroid function and Retinyl palmitate is used in this formula rather than beta-carotene thyroid hormone biosynthesis.[1,2] Because excessive iodine intake, like because certain individuals may lack the ability to effectively convert inadequate iodine intake, can negatively impact thyroid function, total beta-carotene or other carotenoids into vitamin A.[9] It is also important supplementary and dietary iodine should be considered.[2] Medcaps T3 to note that vitamin D facilitates intestinal calcium absorption provides 75 mcg of iodine from Atlantic kelp in each serving.* and therefore helps maintain the ratio of calcium to phosphorous, which can be affected by low thyroid function and certain thyroid Selenium While the role of iodine has long been known, the therapies.*[10,11] mechanisms by which selenium exerts its benefi cial effects on the thyroid gland have been elucidated more recently. According to Arthur Vitamin E and Rosemary “Oxidative stress” denotes an imbalance et al, “Selenium is an essential component of many selenoproteins between the production of oxidants and their elimination by that regulate thyroid hormone synthesis, preserve thyroid integrity antioxidative systems. Studies support the concept of reducing in conditions of marked oxidative stress, and control hormone oxidative stress in order to protect thyroid cell health and maintain metabolism in nonthyroidal tissues where the prohormone T4 is normal thyroid cell growth and lifecycle.[12] Furthermore, because converted to biologically active T3 or its inactive isomer rT3.”[2] The active oxygen radicals can inhibit the activity of an enzyme involved interactive and complementary relationship between iodine and in the conversion of T4 to T3, reducing oxidative stress may have a selenium has become an area of interest and research. For instance, two-fold application in thyroid health.[13] Antioxidative components in an animal study, it was observed that a high iodine intake in the in Medcaps T3, such as vitamin E and rosemary, may help protect presence of selenium defi ciency may permit thyroid tissue damage as thyroid cells/tissue and also support the enzymatic conversion of T4 to a result of low thyroidal glutathione peroxidase activity. It was further T3 by scavenging damaging free radicals.*[13,14] noted that even a low selenium intake helped normalize circulating T4 concentration in the presence of iodine defi ciency.[3] Evaluation Guggulsterones and Ashwagandha Researchers have demonstrated of emerging data supports “selenostasis” as an important aspect of the positive infl uence guggul extract can have on thyroid function and thyroid health.* [4] blood lipid metabolism. In one study, the gum resin of Commiphora mukul (guggulu) reversed induced decreases in thyroid hormone and Zinc and Vitamins A and D Research suggests that inadequate 5’-deiodinase activity in an animal model of low thyroid function.[15] intakes of zinc and vitamins A and D may impact thyroid hormone Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an Ayurvedic herbal tonic or metabolism, circulating thyroid hormone concentrations, the thyroid’s adaptogen that has been used for thousands of years. Animal research response to iodine prophylaxis, and antithyroid antibody levels.[2,5-7] suggests that ashwagandha is capable of stimulating thyroid function Researchers further propose that vitamins A and D could increase in mice.[16] the transcriptional activity of the thyroid hormone receptor-regulated

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Thyroid Support STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preformed vitamin perday. palmitate) A (retinyl women andwhomightbecomepregnantshouldnotexceed5000IU of vitamin A intakemaybetoxicandincreasetheriskofbirthdefects. Pregnant prescription medication. Donottakeifyouarepregnantorlactating. Excess CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuseespeciallyifyoutake preservatives. fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein,cial sweeteners, or yeast, soy, products, dairy practitioner. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare MedCaps T3SupplementFacts © XYMOGEN medium-chain triglycerides. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,silica,magnesiumstearate,calciumsilicate,and ** DailyValue notestablished. Ashwagandha (Withaniasomnifera)(root) Rosemary Extract(RosemarinusoffiRosemary cinalis)(leaf) (Commiphora mukul)(gumexudate) Guggulsterones (fromguggulextract) Selenium (asL-selenomethionine) Zinc (aszinccitrate) (whole plant) Iodine (asAtlantickelp)(Ascophyllumnodosum) Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopheryl succinate) Vitamin E(asd-alphatocopheryl Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Vitamin A(asretinylpalmitate) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 100 mcg 1500 IU 75 mcg 200 IU 50 mg 50 mg 50 mg 50 IU 5 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 143% 167% 33% 50% 50% 30% ** ** ** 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 1999;67(2):233-39. [PMID: 10619390] infemalemice. thyroidhormoneconcentrations circulating JEthnopharmacol. Panda S, Kar A. of WithaniasomniferaandBauhiniapurpurea intheregulation 15798994] hypothyroidism infemalemice. PhytotherRes. 2005Jan;19(1):78-80. [PMID: Panda S, Kar A. Guggulu(Commiphoramukul)potentiallyameliorates 1998 Apr;315(4):230-32. [PMID: 9537635] withvariousthyroiddisorders.in thethyroidtissuesofpatients AmJMedSci. Mano T, IwaseK, R, Hayashi etal. Vitamin EandcoenzymeQconcentrations Sep;48(3):451-59. [PMID: 9376628] 5’-monodeiodinase activityandthiolscontent. JPhysiolPharmacol. 1997 onthefreeradicals-inducedinhibitionofliveriodothyronine and scavengers Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E, PietrasB. The protectiveroleofsomeantioxidants Cancer. 2012Jan9;19(1):C7-11. [PMID: 22143496] Xing M. stress: Oxidative anewriskfactorforthyroidcancer. EndocrRelat (Oxf). 1994Dec;41(6):747-55. [PMID: 7889610] premenopausal womentakingL-thyroxinereplacementtherapy. ClinEndocrinol Garton M, ReidI, LoveridgeN, etal. Bonemineraldensityandmetabolismin 2004 Apr;76(2):182-87. [PMID: 15010297] inthyroiddisorders. concentration deranged serumphosphate ExpMolPathol . Al-Tonsi AA, Abdel-Gayoum AA, SaadM. and dyslipidemia The secondary [PMID: 8475673] carrier proteinsinthyroiddiseases.MedAustriaca. Acta1993;20(1-2):17-20. Aktuna D, Buchinger W, Langsteger W, etal. Beta-carotene, vitamin A and Cell. 2011;2(5):358-68. [PMID: 21614672] Song Y, Yao X, Ying H. Thyroid hormoneactioninmetabolicregulation. Protein diseases. CellMolImmunol. 2011;8(3):243-47. [PMID: 21278761] Kivity S, Agmon-Levin N, M, Zisappl etal. Vitamin Dandautoimmunethyroid supplementation. Hormones(Athens). 2010;9(3):263-68. [PMID: 20688624] levels, successfuliodine thyroidhormonesandvolumefollowing Ertek S, Cicero AF, O, Caglar etal. betweenserumzinc Relationship 18214025] axis.the pituitary-thyroid IntJ .Vitam NutrRes 2007May;77(3):236-40. [PMID: Zimmermann MB. Interactionsofvitamin A andiodinedefi ciencies: effectson Metab. 2010Dec;95(12):5180-88. [PMID: 20810577] Duntas LH. Seleniumandthethyroid: aclose-knit connection. JClinEndocrinol [PMID: 9187638] affect thyroidhormonemetabolismofrats. JNutr. 1997Jun;127(6):1214-48. Hotz CS, Fitzpatrick DW, Trick KD, etal. iodineandseleniuminteractto Dietary 10746354] Arthur JR, BeckettGJ. Thyroid function. BrMedBull. 1999;55(3):658-68. [PMID: Biol Sci. 2011 1;14(7):412-24.Apr [PMID: 21902053] Mansourian AR. A reviewonthemetabolicdisordersofiodinedefi ciency. Pak J Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 07/30/12 (RV) DRS-102 Melatonin Antioxidant Activity Support for Healthy Sleep Patterns* Clinical Applications

» Supports the Natural Function of the Pineal Gland* » Helps Support Healthy Sleep Patterns* » May Support Antioxidant Activity and Cardiovascular Health* Female Health » May Support Immune System Activity*

Melatonin is produced naturally in the pineal gland of the brain in response to changes in light exposure; it helps maintain healthy sleep patterns as well as antioxidant and immune activities. Melatonin can be taken as a supplement to support these functions by promoting normal levels of melatonin in the body.* Immune Support

Available in 60 Quick-Dissolve tablets Discussion Melatonin, a naturally occurring indolamine, is produced primarily is concentrated in the mitochondria, a major site of oxidative in the pineal gland but also in mammalian bone marrow, platelets, metabolism. Melatonin has been found to support extracellular gastrointestinal tract, eyes, skin, and lymphocytes.[1] It plays a vitally antioxidant activity, support glutathione production, and stimulate important role in regulating the body’s daily and annual biological production of intracellular antioxidant enzymes—including superoxide rhythms and thus the sleep/wake cycle. Research suggests that dismutases and glutathione peroxidase.[3] Research suggests that melatonin supports antioxidant activity, cardiovascular health, and melatonin works on a number of levels. It is able to scavenge oxygen- immune function as well.*[2-4] based and nitrogen-based free radicals, and support the natural response to infl ammation by promoting cytokine balance.[2] As a Normal melatonin secretion is suppressed by light and stimulated lipophilic molecule, melatonin is able to permeate the lipid portion of by periods of darkness. Nocturnal secretion of melatonin is at its low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and support antioxidant activity in cells. highest during childhood, and then decreases with age. Studies, Research suggests that melatonin supports blood pressure already in including meta-analyses, suggest that supplemental melatonin the normal range and overall cardiovascular health.*[3] supports desirable sleep patterns in certain individuals, including the elderly and those who have unusual work hours, such as night Finally, research suggests that melatonin aids immune system activity shift workers or people traveling across time zones.[5-10] A review of by supporting T-helper cell function, immune-specifi c progenitor 10 trials suggests that melatonin supplementation helped support cell production, cytokine balance, and production of mediators, such sleep patterns in individuals crossing time zones; subjects included as gamma-interferon and immune-supportive interleukins.*[1,2,4,13] airline passengers, airline staff, and military personnel.[11] Daily doses XYMOGEN offers melatonin in a convenient form that provides 3 mg between 0.5 mg to 5 mg taken at bedtime were used and found to be per lozenge, sweetened with xylitol, mannitol, and natural peppermint similarly supportive; however, the effects were greater at the higher fl avor, to support healthy sleep patterns, antioxidant activity, dose. According to this review, doses higher than 5 mg do not appear cardiovascular health, and immune function.* to demonstrate any increased benefi t.*

Human research studies suggest that melatonin supports the quality of healthy sleep as it relates to falling asleep, sleep effi ciency (percent of time asleep to total time in bed), and awakening. In one study employing fi ve experimental periods, melatonin appeared to positively support normal sleep initiation, maintenance, effi ciency, and activity within one week of supplementation versus placebo.[5] Another randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 33 individuals over a 16-day period suggested that the onset, quality, depth, and duration of sleep can be supported by melatonin supplementation without the occurrence of daytime drowsiness or adverse effects.*[12]

Melatonin has been closely studied for its role in supporting antioxidant activity, especially since intracellular melatonin

»» Support Synchronization of the Body’s Daily Biorhythms* »» Support Restful Sleep*

»» Direct and Indirect Antioxidant Support* Relaxation & Sleep »» Support Healthy Immune Response* »» Support Brain Health*

Melatonin CR is a vegetarian formula with a biphasic delivery system that releases melatonin quickly and then steadily. Melatonin is naturally produced in the pineal gland in response to changes in light exposure; it helps promote healthy sleep patterns as well as antioxidant and immune activities. Melatonin CR can support these functions by helping to maintain normal levels of melatonin in the body.* Available in 90 tablets Discussion Melatonin is a neurohormone produced from tryptophan by the pineal melatonin in the tablet core is released over a 6-hour period. The gland when it is stimulated by darkness. While melatonin regulates tablet core contains a tableting agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose many other hormones; its primary function appears to be regulation of that works by forming a gel layer when hydrated. This gel layer acts the body’s daily and annual biological rhythms.* as a diffusion barrier to control the rate of release of the melatonin in the tablet core. As the tablet travels through the intestine, the gel layer Oral supplementation has been shown to have some benefit with slowly erodes to release the melatonin, which then is available for regard to time to sleep onset, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency.[1] absorption in the intestine.* Noteworthy advantages over pharmaceutical sleep aids are improved performance upon wakening and the absence of memory impairment. [2,3] According to studies, daytime melatonin supplementation by travelers crossing time zones and/or shift workers also promotes sleep.*[4]

Research has shown that melatonin not only fights free radicals during sleep, but also stimulates the body’s own antioxidant systems. For example, it reduced harmful oxidized cholesterol (LDL) in postmenopausal women.[5] Melatonin’s antioxidant capacity also accounts for its role as a neuroprotectant. By delivering antioxidant benefits and correcting the circadian rhythm, melatonin could support cognitive function.*[6,7]

A decrease in plasma melatonin correlates with a decline in immune function in some individuals beginning around the age of sixty. Interestingly, lymphoid cells are an important physiological source of melatonin in humans.The hormone appears to stimulate production of T helper (TH) cells and their release of interleukin-2, gamma interferon and opiod peptides.[8] Considering the decline in melatonin synthesis with age, exogenous supplementation with the hormone has long been of interest in anti-aging protocols.*[9,10]

The addition of pyridoxine in this formula supports the biosynthesis of melatonin and may also enhance dream recall.*

The biphasic delivery system consists of 1mg of melatonin in the coating solution and the remainder in the tablet core. The melatonin in the coating solution is immediately released upon digestion. The

681 [PMID: 9406044] Arendt J. inlong-termuse. Safetyofmelatonin JBiolRhythms1997;12:673- 10082254] for sleepdisordersinRettsyndrome. BrainDev. 1999Jan;21(1):59-62[PMID: A,Miyamoto Med Hypotheses1987;23: 337-52[PMID: 2889131] Rozencwaig R, GradBR, OchoaJ. andserotonininaging.The roleofmelatonin properties? MedHypotheses1991;34: 300-9[PMID: 1865836] Armstrong SM, RedmanJR. Melatonin: A chronobioticwithanti-aging Neuroimmunomodulation. 2008;15(4-6):272-8. [PMID: 19047804] Cardinali DP, et.al. andtheimmunesysteminaging. Melatonin dementia. JNipponMedSch. 2003;70:334-341. [PMID: 12928714] the sleep-wakerhythm, cognitiveandnoncognitivefunctionsin Alzheimer type K,Asayama Yamadera H, Ito T, etal. effectson ofmelatonin Doubleblindstudy [PMID: 15249281] elderly persons: apilotstudy.. AmJGeriatrPsychiatry 2004;12:432-436. Peck JS, etal. in administration Cognitiveeffectsofexogenousmelatonin 2000;28:136-142 [PMID: 10739299] lipoprotein particles innormolipidemicpost-menopausalwomen. JPinealRes. Wakatsuki A, etal. oflow-density modification inhibitsoxidative Melatonin [PMID: 18342269] analogs.of melatonin Travel MedInfectDis . 2008Jan-Mar;6(1-2):17-28. Srinivasan V, etal. Jetlag: andpossibleapplication useofmelatonin therapeutic 15700725] cocktail. azolpidemandmelatonin following Sleep. 2005;28:93-103. [PMID: Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, ReichardtRMetal. Daytimesleepandperformance rest. Aviat SpaceEnvironMed. 2001Nov;72(11):974-84. [PMID: 11718517] Paul MA, andzopiclone etal.Melatonin crew aspharmacologicaidstofacilitate sleep: ameta-analysis. SleepMedRev.2005;9:41-50. [PMID: 15649737] Brzezinski A, Vangel MG, Wurtman RJ, etal. on Effectsofexogenousmelatonin 54 [PMID: 12644393] touterinecontractioninrats.in relation PharmacolRes.2003Apr;47(4):349- Abd-Allah AR, etal. onestrogenandprogesteronereceptors Effectofmelatonin Metab. 1992Jan;74(1):108-17. [PMID: 1727807] functioninwomenandcaninhibitovulation.pituitary-ovarian JClinEndocrinol Voordouw BC, et.al. alter combinations andmelatonin-progestin Melatonin et.al. treatment kineticsandlong-term melatonin Serummelatonin Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-201

07/11/12 MemorAll™ Neurologic & Cognitive Brain Support* Clinical Applications

»» Helps Support Normal, Healthy Cognitive Function* »» May Support the Health of Brain Tissue*

MemorAll™ is a unique combination of nutrients and botanicals that supports cognitive function and a healthy memory. It features select B vitamins, including Quatrefolic®†, a patented form of 5-MTHF; the herbs Gingko biloba and Bacopa monniera; nutrients that provide antioxidant activity; and brain-specific nutrients such as vinpocetine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and sunflower-derived phosphatidylserine. This comprehensive formula addresses the multiple pathways involved in neurological health by supporting oxidant and cytokine balance, methylation, mitochondrial function, and endocrine balance.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Vitamins B6 (as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate), B12 (as are thought to be mediated through its remarkable free-radical– methylcobalamin), and folate (as 5-MTHF) are essential scavenging capacity and its protective effect on DNA cleavage.*[8] homocysteine remethylation cofactors; as such, they support the maintenance of healthy homocysteine levels. Normal blood levels of Vinpocetine is derived from vincamine, an alkaloid extracted from homocysteine are are associated with healthy cognition in the elderly the periwinkle plant (Vinca minor). It has been used extensively in and healthy cerebrovascular function.[1] The brain may be protected by Eastern Europe, and more recently in the United States, to support improving methylation by providing the nutritional cofactors needed cerebrovascular health and healthy mental function. Vinpocetine’s for proper functioning of the methionine cycle.*[2] roles in supporting brain function are multi-modal and include its influence on cerebral circulation, its antioxidant activity in the brain, 5-MTHF (5-methyltetrahydrofolate) may better support folate nutrition and its role in affecting ion channels and cytokine production.[9-11] in those with digestive issues and those with genetic variations in Together, these varied actions support overall brain tissue health and folic acid metabolism. The form of 5-MTHF in MemorAll is Quatrefolic, function. The efficacy and safety of vinpocetine have been tested and which is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability validated by in vitro, animal, and human studies. Many human studies over calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF.* demonstrate positive results in neurologic functioning—primarily related to capillary blood flow and cellular metabolism.*[12-15] N-Acetyl-Cysteine is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and is known to combat oxidative stress, and reduced oxidative stress Huperzine A (HupA), like vinpocetine, affects ion channels. Such may support healthier nerve tissue.[3] L-carnitine is a vital cofactor activity has been found to support healthy learning and memory. for mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids providing the brain with HupA may have a positive effect on levels of acetylcholine through an energy substrate. Acetyl-L-carnitine, an ester of L-carnitine, its action on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acetylcholine is one of the possesses properties that may be effective in supporting healthy chemicals that our nerves use to communicate in the brain, muscles, cognition with age.[4,5] The phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) and other areas. HupA has been found to support healthy cognition in plays an important functional role in membrane-related processes in a broad range of animal models, and phase IV clinical trials in China the brain and regulates the release of acetylcholine, dopamine, and demonstrated that HupA was valuable in promoting healthy recall and noradrenaline. PS appears to support neuronal health and healthy cognition in elderly subjects.*[16] brain function, possibly through its effect on cytokine production and their influence on microglia.*[6]

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract contains two main bioactive constituents— ginkgoflavonglycosides (24%) and terpene lactones (6%)—and is used in the formula because of its reported stress-alleviating and memory-supportive effects as well as its ability to support the health and integrity of neurons. The mechanisms of action may be mediated through its antioxidant, antihypoxic, and microcirculatory actions. [7] The Ayurvedic herb Bacopa monniera has reported cognition- facilitating, cytokine-modulating, and anti-stress effects. These effects

12126465] Vinpocetine. Monograph. AlternMedRev. 2002Jun;7(3):240-43. [PMID: Clin HemorheolMicrocirc. 2007;36(4):327-34. [PMID: 17502703] of drugs, targetingonintracellularphosphodiesteraseactivity: invitrostudy. Muravyov AV, Yakusevich VV, ChuchkanovFA, etal. Hemorheologicalefficiency [PMID: 12861957] neuroprotection withvinpocetine.IdeggyogySz. 2003May;56(5-6):166-72. Hadjiev D. ischemiccerebrovasculardisordersand Asymptomatic 2003 Sep;17(8):870-75. [PMID: 13680815] protective effectofBacopamonnieraL.onDNAdamage. PhytotherRes. Russo A, Izzo AA, BorrelliF, etal. Free and capacity radicalscavenging [PMID: 18211362] chemistry, efficacy, safety, anduses.JFoodSci. 2008Jan;73(1):R14-19. Mahadevan S, Park Y. benefitsofGinkgobilobaL.: Multifacetedtherapeutic 17349923] microglial activation. FreeRadicBiolMed . 2007 Apr;42(7):945-54. [PMID: containing liposomesinhibitamyloidbetaandinterferon-gamma-induced Hashioka S, Han YH, FujiiS, etal. andphosphatidylcholine- Phosphatidylserine tests.discrimination FASEB J. 2007Nov;21(13):3756-62. [PMID: 17622567] dogsimproveslearningintwolandmark beagle ofaged acid supplementation Milgram NW, Araujo JA, Hagen TM, etal. Acetyl-L-carnitine andalpha-lipoic Aspects Med. 2004Oct-Dec;25(5-6):533-49. [PMID: 15363640] Virmani A, BiniendaZ. Roleofcarnitineestersinbrainneuropathology. Mol SAMP8 mice. JNeurochem. 2003Mar;84(5):1173-83. [PMID: 12603840] stressinaged N-acetylcysteine impairmentandbrainoxidative reversememory Farr SA, Poon HF, Dogrukol-AkD, etal. The antioxidantsalpha-lipoicacidand diseases. AlternMedRev. 2003Feb;8(1):7-19. [PMID: 12611557] Miller AL. The methionine-homocysteine cycle anditseffectsoncognitive Database SystRev. 2003;(4):CD004393. [PMID: 14584010] Malouf R, GrimleyEvansJ. The effectofvitaminB6oncognition. Cochrane 2006 Jan;27(1):1-26. [PMID: 16364207] cholinesterase inhibitorfromChineseherbalmedicine. ActaPharmacolSin . Wang R, Yan H, Tang XC. Progressinstudiesofhuperzine A, anatural 2007 Jul;148(29):1353-58. [PMID: 17631470] cerebrovascular diseasesbasedinhumanstudies[inHungarian]. Hetil. Orv E,Bagoly Fehér G, L. Szapáry of The roleofvinpocetineinthetreatment Korsakova. 2009;109(9):35-39. [PMID: 19770831] cerebrovascular insufficiency [inRussian]. ZhNevrolPsikhiatrImS Chukanova EI. withchronic ofpatients inthecomplex treatment Cavinton 2010;110(12):49-52. [PMID: 21311488] program “CALIPSO” [inRussian]. ZhNevrolPsikhiatrImSKorsakova. insufficiency.blood flow Russianmulticenter clinical-epidemiological Chukanova EI. withchronic Efficacy ofpatients inthetreatment ofcavinton 10. [PMID: 17713111] and cognitivefunctions[inHungarian].IdeggyogySz. 2007Jul;60(7-8):301- Valikovics A. oftheeffectvinpocetineoncerebralbloodflow Investigation Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-178

09/28/12 ™

MenoFem Female Health Natural Herbal Support Formula Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Hormone Balance During Perimenopause and Menopause* »» Helps Relieve Bothersome Symptoms of Normal Perimenopause and Menopause, Such as Hot Flashes.*

MenoFem™ is a unique formula integrating Native American, Chinese, and Ayurvedic herbs to provide balanced support to menopausal women.*

Available in 90 capsules Discussion Eighty percent of American women experience common symptoms Chasteberry has normalized short luteal phases and progesterone while going through the two-to-ten–year perimenopausal and synthesis. The popular herb may help relieve the common, transient menopausal transition. MenoFem™ addresses a broad spectrum of symptom of mild breast tenderness possibly by inhibiting prolactin normal menopausal complaints, making it an attractive option in secretion. Chasteberry can help support a normal, healthy attitude varied clinical settings.* during the perimenopausal transition.*[6]

Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is an herb American Indians Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa) has long been used to support female used for gynecological support, including relief from common, cycles and functions as a phytohormone. Red Clover (Trifolium normal menstrual symptoms such as cramps and related low-back pratense) is considered a phytoestrogen. Its contents include discomfort. Research shows that black cohosh effectively maintains genestein and salicylic acid. While red clover is helpful in reducing a sense of calmness and healthy outlook, and it may help address flushing, it does not increase breast density or raise estradiol levels.[7] menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms.[1,2] According to the This herb has shown a positive effect on vaginal cytology and can help medical literature, black cohosh is beneficial to vaginal superficial maintain a healthy cellular response to hormone-induced discomfort cells and bone health without having a potentially detrimental effect in urinary tract tissues. Scientific evidence suggests that red clover upon the endometrium or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. can also support healthy blood lipids and bone health.*[1,8] According to Ruhlen et al., black cohosh may exert its benefits through selective estrogen receptor modulation, serotonergic pathways, Dandelion Root (Taraxacum officinale) has been commonly used for antioxidant activity, or inflammatory pathways.*[3] its ability to help maintain healthy fluid balance and for its cleansing effects. In vitro research suggests that the active constituents in Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis) has its origins in China, Japan, and dandelion—which include luteolin, quercetin, and inulin—suppress Korea, where it is used to balance the female cycle. Dong Quai works COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, increase antioxidant best in combination with other herbs to support menstrual regularity. activity, upregulate phase II detoxification, and support bifidobacteria Dong Quai can nourish dry, thin vaginal tissues.*[4] growth.*[9-11]

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) functions as a weak phytoestrogen Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) is a phytoestrogen especially and has been reputed to aid in sexual arousal. Research suggests helpful for maintaining an even heartbeat, a normal body temperature, that glabridin, an isoflavone in licorice, is an estrogen-receptor and a healthy menstrual cycle. It has long been used to support the agonist and supports normal breast cell growth. Licorice has been body’s healthy response to pain, maintain healthy muscle function, shown to have potential for supporting healthy bone mineral density and provide physical and emotional comfort and stability.*[12] in postmenopausal women and for inhibiting serotonin re-uptake.[5] It is used for liver and adrenal support, the latter being important as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Within the system of Ayurveda, ovarian estrogen synthesis declines.* ashwagandha is classified as a rasayana (rejuvenation) and is expected to promote physical and mental health, help rejuvenate the Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) supports symptomatic relief of body, and increase longevity.*[13,14] common perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms. It appears to significantly compete for binding at the estrogen receptors.

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 33.33 mg 33.33 mg 33.33 mg 66.67 mg 66.67 mg 66.67 mg 8.33 mg 25 mg 50 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12. 11.

11697539] enzymes inrats. JPharmPharmacol . 2001Oct;53(10):1323-29. [PMID: Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. drugmetabolizing Effectofherbalteasonhepatic 16950583] pharmacological profile. JEthnopharmacol. 2006Oct11;107(3):313-23. [PMID: Schütz K, CarleR, Schieber A. Taraxacum—a reviewonitsphytochemicaland Maturitas. 2002Jul25;42(3):187-93. [PMID: 12161042] significantly reducemenopausalhotflushsymptomscomparedwithplacebo. van de Weijer PH, BarentsenR. fromRed Isoflavones clover (Promensil) controlled trial. AmJClinNutr. 2004Feb;79(2):326-33 [PMID: 14749241]. onbonedensityinwomen:isoflavones adouble-blind, randomized, placebo- Atkinson C, CompstonJE, DayNE, etal. The effectsofphytoestrogen 12852933] 148-154].. ComplementTherNursMidwifery 2003 Aug;9(3):157-60. [PMID: 8(2003) [Complementary inNursingandMidwifery research update Therapies Chopin LucksB. castusessentialoilandmenopausalbalance:Vitex agnus a Steroid BiochemMolBiol. 2004 Aug;91(4-5):241-6. [PMID:15336701] skeletaltissues.J from licoricerootsonhumanosteoblastsandprepubertalrat Somjen D, S, Katzburg Vaya J, etal. Estrogenicactivityofglabridinandglabrene Industry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress, Inc;2001:645, 919. Chen JK, Chen TT. ChineseMedicalHerbologyandPharmacology. Cityof action. IntegrMedInsights. 2008;3:21-32. [PMID: 21614156] Ruhlen RL, SunGY, SauterER. Blackcohosh: Insightsintoitsmechanism(s)of estradiol. GynecolEndocrinol.2005Jan;20(1):30-5. [PMID: 15969244] climacteric complaints: transdermal versuslow-dose arandomizedstudy RE,Nappi B, Malavasi BrunduB, etal. Efficacy ofCimicifugaracemosaon Sep;14(7):634-49. [PMID: 16181020] symptoms: works, what doesnot. what JWomens Health(Larchmt). 2005 Geller SE, StudeeL. supplementsformenopausal Botanicalanddietary animals. JEthnopharmacol. 1998Mar;60(2):173-8. [PMID: 9582008] Dhuley JN. instress-induced onlipidperoxidation Effectofashwagandha 17959291] .Neuropsychopharmacol BiolPsychiatry 2008Jul1;32(5):1093-105. [PMID: Kulkarni SK, Dhir A. Withania somnifera: anIndianginseng. Prog expandedE/Motherwortherb.html. Accessed May7, 2012. American BotanicalCouncil. Motherwortherb. http://cms.herbalgram.org/ =100&id=706&fs=ND&searchid=34505380. http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com/nd/Search.aspx?cs=&s=ND&pt MedicinesComprehensiveDatabase.Natural Dandelion.[FullMonograph] Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Accessed May7, 2012. Rev. (RV) DRS-205

09/27/12 ™

Methyl Protect Adrenal Support Optimal Methylation Support Formula* NEW AND IMPROVED NOW WITH 5-MTHF Clinical Applications »» Supports Cardiovascular and Neurological Health* »» Supports the Maintenance of Healthy Homocysteine Levels Already Within Normal Range* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Healthy Methylation of Estrogen, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Heavy Metals, and Environmental Toxins*

Methyl Protect™ is a comprehensive formula designed to support optimal methylation and help maintain healthy homocysteine levels already within normal range. It features five key nutrients that are involved in homocysteine metabolism: folate as calcium folinate and ®†

Quatrefolic for increased bioactivity; trimethylglycine; and vitamins Neurologic & Cognitive B12, B6, and B2. These five nutrients, provided in activated forms, support enhanced methylation and overall cardiovascular health.*

Available in 60 & 120 capsules Discussion Methyl Protect provides 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (active folate), plasma levels 700% greater than patients given folic acid.[5] In another pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (active B6), methylcobalamin (active B12), study, authors concluded that 5-MTHF should be the primary choice riboflavin 5’-phosphate (active vitamin B2), and anhydrous betaine of supplementation to support healthy homocysteine levels already (trimethylglycine). These five nutrients promote the process of within the normal range.*[6] methylation. Methylation is the addition of a methyl group (a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms attached) to proteins, enzymes, Trimethylglycine (as anhydrous betaine) Found in several tissues chemicals, DNA, or amino acids like homocysteine. It is a vital and in humans, trimethylglycine acts as an alternative methyl donor in fundamental process that takes place in many biochemical pathways homocysteine metabolism. Trimethylglycine may also be a preventive involving detoxification, cardiovascular health, neurological health, agent against the activation of NF-kappaB.*[7] eye health, muscle health, bone health, and redox balance. Effective methylation also has roles in the biosynthesis and breakdown of Vitamin B12 (as methylcobalamin) Cyanocobalamin (the form of catecholamines, such as epinephrine. This is an important aspect of B12 present in many supplements) has to be converted in the liver healthy adrenal functioning.* to methylcobalamin, the form provided in Methyl Protect. B12 is another methyl donor, and studies suggest that it supports healthy Folic Acid (as calcium folinate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate) homocysteine levels already within the normal range on its own and in This B vitamin has important roles in detoxification, nervous combination with folate.*[8] system function, breast tissue health, prenatal development, and the conversion of homocysteine back to methionine. In its active Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate) This coenzyme form form, folic acid serves as a donor of methyl groups. Providing the of vitamin B6 is the primary bioactive form. It is a coenzyme in combination of calcium folinate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5- approximately 100 enzymatic reactions.[9] Data from the Framingham MTHF) allows optimal utilization of folic acid by bypassing metabolic Study showed an inverse association between homocysteine and good steps to bioactivity.[1] In fact, 5-MTHF is the form into which the body B6 status (as well as B12 and folate).*[10] must convert all other forms of folic acid before it can be used. In this formula, 5-MTHF is provided as calcium folinate and Quatrefolic®. Vitamin B2 (as riboflavin 5’-phosphate) As the principal Quatrefolic is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and coenzyme form of B2, riboflavin 5’-phosphate is used in many bioavailability over the calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF.* oxidative reactions. Folate and riboflavin interact to support healthy homocysteine levels already within the normal range, Despite research showing that folic acid and 5-MTHF have equivalent possibly by maximizing the catalytic activity of the enzyme bioavailability and that supplementation with large doses of folic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The effect may be acid can “force” its conversion to the more active form, 5-MTHF may unrelated to MTHFR genotype.*[11] be the preferred form to support healthy folate status. This may be especially true in those with certain variations in folate metabolism or digestion that can affect conversion of folic acid to 5-MTHF. [2-4] Folate is stored in the red blood cells, where levels have been shown to be higher after supplementation with 5-MTHF compared to folic acid and placebo. Patients given 5 mg of 5-MTHF experienced

CVD. ProcNutrSoc. 2004Nov;63(4):597-603. [PMID: 15831132] Strain JJ, L, Dowey Ward M, etal. B-vitamins, homocysteine metabolismand Mar;316(7135):894-98. [PMID: 9569395] of randomisedtrials. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists’ Collaboration. bloodhomocysteineLowering withfolicacidbased supplements: meta-analysis Gerontol ABiolSciMed. 2005Oct;60(10):1252-64. [PMID: 16282556] proteinkinases. kinaseandmitogen-activated inducing kinase/IkappaB J during aging: theinvolvementofnuclear factor-kappaB vianuclear factor- Go EK, JungKJ, KimJY, etal. signaling Betainesuppressesproinflammatory Cardiovasc Pharmacol.2006 Apr;47(4):549-55. [PMID: 16680068] inhyperhomocysteinemia. onredoxstatus 5-methyltetrahydrofolate J Caruso R, CampoloJ, Sedda V, etal. Effectofhomocysteine by lowering Br JPharmacol2004;141:825-30. [PMID: 14769778] disease. artery withcoronary andfolicacidinpatients 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Willems FF, BoersGH, BlomHJ, etal. of ontheutilisation Pharmacokineticstudy 8554066] cardiovascular disease. AmJHumGenet.1996Jan;58(1):35-41. [PMID: reductasegeneisageneticriskfactorfor methylenetetrahydrofolate analysis inmildhyperhomocysteinemia: inthe acommonmutation Kluijtmans LA, Van denHeuvelLP, BoersGH, etal. Moleculargenetic [PMID: 12163145] metabolism, andalcoholicliverdisease. Alcohol. 2002Jul;27(3):169-72. Halsted CH, Villanueva JA, Devlin AM, etal. Folate deficiency, methionine Aug;21(4):320-23. [PMID: 20603044] diseases. bowel EurJInternMed. withinflammatory in patients 2010 Yakut M, Ustün Y, KabaçamG, etal. status SerumvitaminB(12)andfolate Mar;77(3):658-62. [PMID: 12600857] homocysteine: arandomizedplacebo-controlledstudy. AmJClinNutr. 2003 orfolicacidonplasma withL-5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation Venn BJ, Green TJ, MoserR, etal. Comparisonoftheeffectlow-dose genotype. ClinChem. 2003Feb;49(2):295-302. [PMID: 12560354] totheMTHFR(C677T) homocysteine-lowering inrelations effectoffolate SJ,Moat Ashfield-Watt PA, HJ,Powers etal. onthe status Effectofriboflavin 16702347] the framinghamcohorts. JNutr. 2006Jun;136(6Suppl):1726S-30S. [PMID: Selhub, J. 2006. facetsofhyperhomocysteinemia:The many studiesfrom Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

(RV) DRS-142 Rev. BMJ. 1998

040513 Methylcobalamin™ Neurologic & Cognitive Methyl B12 Clinical Applications

» Supports Healthy Methylation* » Supports Neurological Health*

» Supports Red Blood Cell Formation* Relaxation & Sleep » Supports Healthy Sleep Patterns* » Supports a Healthy Immune System*

XYMOGEN’s Methylcobalamin provides 5 mg (5000 mcg) of vitamin B12 in each very small, pleasant-tasting tablet. Methylcobalamin, the form of B12 active in the body, appears to be better absorbed and stored in tissues in comparison to cyanocobalamin. Methylcobalamin has multiple supportive roles in the body, including red blood cell formation, nervous system health, homocysteine and folate metabolism, melatonin synthesis, and more.* Available in 60 Quick-Dissolve tablets Discussion Vitamin B12 can be obtained through its synthesis by intestinal spinal cord, peripheral nerves, optic nerve, and brain. This can fl ora, from animal-based or fortifi ed foods, or from supplementation. be explained by methylcobalamin’s role as a cofactor in myelin Unlike most other water-soluble vitamins, vitamin B12 (4 to 6 mg) synthesis; in methylation of the toxic byproduct homocysteine, is bound to a protein and stored in the liver as methylcobalamin or which is thought to damage neurons; and in the synthesis of 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. These are the coenzyme forms of B12 monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, that are active in human metabolism. Reserve stores of B12 can and norepinephrine.[5-7] Methylcobalamin is the preferred form of become depleted due to poor dietary intake without supplementation, cobalamin supplementation for neurologic health, and experimental lack of intrinsic factor, or poor intestinal absorption. research indicates that methylcobalamin shows better transport to organelles within nerve cells than does cyanocobalamin.*[8] Many vitamin B12 supplements on the market contain cyanocobalamin. The liver is able to convert a small amount of Red Blood Cell Formation Like folate, erythroblasts require vitamin cyanocobalamin to methylcobalamin; however, methylcobalamin B12 for proliferation during their differentiation. Insuffi cient B12 levels is the preferred form since it is the bioactive form and therefore will contribute to purine and thymidylate synthesis inhibition, impaired better utilized. In a research study, tissue retention of cobalamin was DNA synthesis, and erythroblast apoptosis, resulting in ineffective greater when using the methyl- form versus the cyano- form. This erythropoiesis.*[9] was exemplifi ed by the fact that urinary excretion of methylcobalamin was one-third less that of cyanocobalamin.[1] Another point of Sleep Support Methylcobalamin has been reported to affect the interest regarding B12 supplementation is the commonly held primary circadian rhythm associated with sleep.[8,10] Research belief that intramuscular injections of B12 are more effective supports a role for methylcobalamin supplementation in modulating than oral supplementation. In fact, oral supplementation is just as melatonin secretion, enhancing light-sensitivity, normalizing circadian effective and carries the added benefi ts of lower cost and ease of rhythms, and improving sleep-wake cycles.*[11-13] administration.*[2,3] Immune Health Research suggests an important role for B12 in Methylation Methylcobalamin is required for the function immune system regulation. Human research demonstrated that of methionine synthase—the folate-dependent enzyme methylcobalamin supplementation in patients with inadequate B12 required for the synthesis of methionine, an amino acid, from levels improved CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cell activity, and augmented homocysteine. Methionine, in turn, is required for the synthesis of CD3-CD16+ cells, suggesting an important role in cellular immunity.[14] S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a methyl group donor used in many In other research, among homologues studied, methylcobalamin was biological methylation reactions, including the methylation of a shown to have the strongest antibody production enhancement on an number of sites within DNA and RNA. As an example of its importance in vitro system.*[15] in homocysteine metabolism, one study showed that the addition of B12 to a folate regimen had a greater impact (7%) on homocysteine than did folate alone.*[4]

Neurologic Health Methylcobalamin is necessary for the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. Chronic insufﬁ ciency can affect the

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onequick-dissolvetabletasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Methylcobalamin™ SupplementFacts © XYMOGEN magnesium stearate. Other Ingredients:Xylitol,stearicacid,mannitol,citricsilica,naturalorangefl avor(noMSG),and Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) Serving Size:1Quick-DissolveTabletServing *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 5,000 mcg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 83,333% 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 6214503] responses bymethyl-B12. IntJ Tissue React. 1982;4(2):95-101. [PMID: Takimoto G, Yoshimatsu K, IsomuraJ, etal. ofmurineimmune The modulation 1999 Apr;116(1):28-32. [PMID: 10209501] vitamin B12-defi bymethyl-B12treatment. cient patients ClinExpImmunol. ofCD8+ augmentation T lymphocytes killer(NK)cellactivityin andnatural Tamura J, Kubota K, MurakamiH, etal. byvitaminB12: Immunomodulation circadian clock? Experientia. 1992 Aug 15;48(8):716-20. [PMID: 1516676] rhythminhumans:melatonin increasedlightsensitivityphase-advancesthe Honma K, Kohsaka M, FukudaN, etal. EffectsofvitaminB12onplasma 1997 Apr;61(4):551-54. [PMID: 9108574] an8-houradvanceofthelight-darkcyclefollowing intherat.. PhysiolBehav Kiuchi T, SeiH, SenoH, etal. EffectofvitaminB12onthesleep-wakerhythm [PMID: 9681583] ClinNeurosci.disorders inoutpatients. Psychiatry 1998Jun;52(3):311-16. Yamadera W, SasakiM, ItohH, etal. ofcircadianrhythmsleep Clinicalfeatures B12, andiron. AnnuRevNutr. 2004;24:105-31. [PMID:15189115] Koury MJ, Ponka P. Newinsightsintoerythropoiesis: therolesoffolate, vitamin Nov;15(5):456-64. [PMID: 8914118] and circadianrhythminnormalsubjects.. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996 Mayer G, KrögerM, Meier-Ewert K. EffectsofvitaminB12onperformance 22345852] of B12defi ciency. IndianJPsycholMed. 2011Jul;33(2):203-04. [PMID: Valizadeh M, Valizadeh N. Obsessivecompulsivedisorderasearlymanifestation 21237187] cell death. Toxicol.Pharmacol 2011Mar15;251(3):217-25. Appl [PMID: rescuesamotorneuron-likecelllinefromhomocysteine-mediatedmethylfolate Hemendinger RA, Armstrong EJ3rd, BrooksBR. Methyl Vitamin B12butnot Aug;45(5):273-84. [PMID: 16218195] profielectrophysiological le. Puri V, N, Chaudhry GoelS, etal. Vitamin B12defi ciency: aclinical and Mar;316(7135):894-98. [PMID: 9569395] of randomisedtrials. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists’ Collaboration. BMJ. 1998 bloodhomocysteineLowering withfolicacidbasedsupplements: meta-analysis patients. AnnSurgOncol. 2011Dec;18(13):3711-17. [PMID: 21556950] forvitaminB12defitreatment ciency aftertotalgastrectomyingastriccancer Kim HI, Hyung WJ, Song KJ, etal. OralvitaminB12replacement: aneffective 9694707] defi ciency withoralcobalamin. Blood. 1998 Aug 15;92(4):1191-98. [PMID: Kuzminski AM, DelGiaccoEJ, Allen RH, etal. ofcobalamin Effectivetreatment Rev 1999Feb;4(1):9. [PMID: 9855571] Methylcobalamin. AlternMedRev. 1998Dec;3(6):461-3. in: Erratum AlternMed Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Electromyogr ClinNeurophysiol. 2005Jul- Rev. 08/10/12 (RV) DRS-129 MinRex™ Multivitamins & Minerals Multi-Mineral Formula Clinical Applications

»» Supports Mineral Repletion* »» Supports the Consumption of a Mineral-Rich Diet*

»» Supports Sports Nutrition* Sports Nutrition

MinRex™, XYMOGEN’s highly absorbable and balanced multi- mineral formula, is composed exclusively of Albion®’s patented and fully reacted mineral amino acid chelates, malates, and mineral complexes.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion A sufficient intake of minerals is important for the production of vanadium. Malic acid participates in the energy production cycle. A energy; the synthesis of blood, bone, and hormones; the immune double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study using 400 system; enzyme function; and reproduction. Furthermore, balance—or mgs of malic acid three times a day (approximately the same amount the ratio of one mineral to another—is key to mineral utilization.* as in MinRex) along with magnesium supported feelings of wellness in subjects’ joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues.[4] Swedish Bioavailability is perhaps the most important consideration when researchers noted that a reduced content of high-energy phosphates selecting a formula containing minerals. The body transports minerals in the muscles of some patients could be contributing to the muscle across the intestinal wall by bonding (or chelating) them to amino energy deficits experienced by these patients.[5] Because of malic acids. To increase bioavailability of supplementary minerals, special acid’s role in energy production, NADH (which yields three ATPs) is processing is needed to create a stable bond between the minerals formed and may therefore support muscle energy production. Malic and the amino acids. Albion Laboratories uses patented processes acid is also thought to increase energy levels in healthy humans.* to assure bond stability.[1] The result, it has been demonstrated, is that the bioavailability of Albion’s chelates is superior.[2] Some other Lithium and vanadium are known as ultra-trace elements. products on the market, which are purported to be chelates, are As yet, neither a requirement for ultra-trace elements, nor merely mixtures of proteins and minerals that lose stability during deficiency symptoms have been demonstrated in humans. Animal digestion and consequently have lower bioavailability.* research suggests vanadium has important interactions with magnesium.[6] It also appears to have positive effects on insulin Many of the minerals in MinRex are bound to dipeptides. This and glucose metabolism.[7] Lithium is thought to help regulate the combination appears to improve absorption by enhancing the neurotransmitter glutamate by keeping the amount of glutamate minerals’ transport across the intestinal wall.[1] Three very important between brain cells at a stable, healthy level.[8] Lithium doses features of the chelated minerals in MinRex assist in absorption: somewhat higher than those in this formula are used by some (1) the absence of an electrical charge, which renders them less likely practitioners to support healthy brain function. These ultra-trace to interact with other dietary substances such as phytates, other minerals, as well as some of the others, could have very narrow vitamins and minerals, or medications; (2) small molecular weights margins between what are useful and what are toxic doses. According that facilitate transport across the intestinal mucosa; and (3) the to Jeppsen et al, in their presentation at the 6th International chelates remain intact and stable throughout the ranges of pH in the Symposium on Chelating Agents in Pharmacology, Toxicology and digestive tract.* Therapeutics, Albion amino acid chelates are less irritating than other forms of inorganic mineral supplements.*[9] The minerals in MinRex differ from those in many formulas in that they are bound to the ligand, glycine. Unlike the ligand picolinic acid, Strenuous exercise is thought to increase mineral loss via urine, which gets excreted unchanged in the urine, the amino acid glycine sweat, and metabolic demand. In addition to electrolytes, the has nutritional value. This means that 100% of the mineral/amino acid minerals copper, iron, and especially magnesium and zinc appear compound has nutrient value.*[3] to be prominent minerals that are impacted by exercise or have important roles in performance.[10-12] Mineral supplements may Another reason why MinRex stands apart from other mineral therefore be beneficial for people who engage in strenuous exercise or formulas on the market is because it contains malic acid, lithium, and physically demanding sports.* Continued on next page

® ZincGlycinateChelate) ® ® CopperGlycinateChelate) Di-CalciumMalateandTRAACS ® ® ® Vanadium NicotinateGlycinateChelate) Di-CalciumMalateandDi-Magnesium ® ChromiumNicotinateGlycinateChelate) ManganeseGlycinateChelate) ® MolybdenumGlycinateChelate) ® Magnesium ® Calcium *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 250 mcg 100 mg 200 mg 621 mg 150 mg 50 mcg 30 mcg 75 mcg 60 mcg 75 mcg 1.5 mg 50 mg 15 mg 2 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 100% 100% 25% 67% 63% 86% 75% 15% 50% 1% ** ** ** ** 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References MinRex.* increased excretion, orabsorptionchallengesmaybenefitfrom who needtoreplacemineralslostthroughintenseexercise, nutrition, andglucose/insulinmetabolism, aswellindividuals Individuals whowanttosupporttheirgeneralwell-being, mineral 12. 11. 10. 9.

November 5, 2012. details/738-implications-of-the-qother-halfq-of-a-mineral-compound. Accessed Notes. http://www.albionhumannutrition.com/research-notes/download/doc_ 9653192] cortex. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA. 1998Jul7;95(14):8363-68. [PMID: endingsinmousecerebral nerve uptakebypresynaptic stabilizes glutamate Dixon JF, HokinLE. and Lithiumacutelyinhibitsandchronicallyup-regulates 2006;44(1):73-81. [PMID: 16456236] mechanism fortheinsulin-likeeffectsofvanadium. CellBiochemBiophys . Mehdi MZ, Pandey SK, Theberge JF, etal. asa Insulinsignalmimicry Magnes Res. 2011Dec;24(4):196-208. [PMID: 22068015] rats.distribution andhypoglycaemiceffectofvanadiuminmagnesium-deficient Sánchez C, Torres M, Bermúdez-Peña MC, etal. Bioavailability, tissue studies. JRheumatolSuppl. 1989Nov;19: 144-49. [PMID: 2691674] Bengtsson A, HenrikssonKG. The muscle reviewofSwedish infibromyalgia—a pilot study. JRheumatol. 1995May;22(5):953-58. [PMID:8587088] with SuperMalic: arandomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled, crossover Russel IJ, MichalekJE, FlechasJD, etal. Treatment syndrome offibromyalgia ofthe Implications “other half” ofmineralcompound. Albion albionnutritionalfacts.com/research. Accessed November12, 2012. Research Doneon Albion Chelates. Albion HumanNutrition. http://www. 2012. nutrition/quality/traacs-ft-ir-analysis. Published2011. Accessed November12, FT-IR.TRAACS site. AlbionWeb 23078160] J Haematol. 2012Oct18. doi: 10.1111/ejh.12026. Epubaheadofprint. [PMID: GO.Latunde-Dada -achievingagoldstandard. Ironmetabolism inathletes Eur Magnes Res. 2011Dec;24(4):215-19. [PMID: 21983266] with strengthperformanceinelitebasketball, handballandvolleyballplayers. Santos DA, CN, Matias MonteiroCP, etal. intakeisassociated Magnesium 82. [PMID: 9812018] insportsmen. zincconcentrations and sweat AnnNutrMetab. 1998;42(5):274- Córdova A, FJ. Navas Effectoftrainingonzincmetabolism: changesinserum 12, 2012]. Albion. http://www.albionnutritionalfacts.com/research.November Accessed and September7-9,Therapeutics; 2000;Pilsen, CzechRepublic[abstractfrom SymposiumonChelating 6th International Agents inPharmacology, Toxicology withaminoacids. beenchelated of mineralswhichhave Paper presentedat: Jeppsen RB, Bourdonnais A, Ashmead HD. The nutritionalbenefitsandsafety Additional referencesavailable uponrequest http://www.albionminerals.com/human-

® Research Rev.

DRS-206 11/14/12 Mitochondrial Renewal Kit Antioxidant Activity Comprehensive Mitochondrial Biogenesis Formula Clinical Applications

»» Promotes Efficient Use of Insulin and Glucose in the Body* »» Enhances Conversion of Glucose into Usable Energy*

»» Promotes Healthy Aging* Blood Sugar Support »» Increases Exercise Performance* »» Promotes Nitric Oxide (NO) Production* »» Supports Cardiovascular and Endothelial Function* »» Improves Antioxidant Status and Resistance to Oxidative Stress*

The XYMOGEN Mitochondrial Renewal Kit (MRK) is formulated to support and promote mitochondrial biogenesis and function. MRK supplies three active, orally bioavailable formulations—N.O.max ER™, Resveratin™ Plus, and ALAmax CR™—which function synergistically to support the critical role that mitochondria play in Female Health metabolism. The patented functional components found in the MRK are safe, well-tolerated, and have been uniquely prepared to enhance both absorption and overall bioavailability in order to maximize patient benefit and satisfaction.*

Discussion biogenesis, metabolic fitness, and aging. The key signaling cascades Mitochondria are the organelles inside cells that produce energy. affected include those involving nitric oxide (N.O.max ER™), SIRT1 Representing approximately 10% of total body weight, mitochondria (Resveratin™ Plus), and AMPK (ALAmax CR™). Ultimately, it is the have a number of roles in the body. Primarily, they are cellular “fuel stimulation of these cascades that leads to activation of PGC-1α and stations” responsible for supplying greater than 95% of the body’s subsequent upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and promotion Male Health energy needs.[1] Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which of overall metabolic fitness. For optimal benefit, combine this product new mitochondria are produced, and it is believed to delay the effects with a healthy diet and exercise regimen.* of aging and the onset of age-associated diseases.[2-5] This complex process involves more than 1,000 genes[2] and is responsible for N.O.max ER™ is a patented, extended-release formulation containing producing 20% of total cellular protein.[1] Aerobic exercise and caloric arginine alpha-ketoglutarate and ACTINOS2®, a proprietary whey restriction are the two most compelling approaches to stimulate peptide fraction. This synergistic combination serves as an effective mitochondrial biogenesis,[2,3] most notably by activating the “master nitric oxide (NO) precursor. As a vasodilator, NO exerts a protective regulator” of mitochondrial biogenesis and function known as PGC- effect on blood vessel endothelium.[7] Within the cell, NO plays an 1α, a transcriptional coactivator. Dysregulation of PGC-1α has been important role in intracellular communication, acting as a trigger for implicated in aging and the pathogenesis of numerous age-associated mitochondrial biogenesis.*[8] Sports Nutrition complications such as poor glucose control, increased fat mass with accompanying decrease in muscle mass, and various neurological Resveratin™ Plus provides a distinctive bioflavonoid complex with conditions.* resveratrol, quercetin, and pterostilbene (bio-optimized methylated resveratrol).[9] These three antioxidants work together synergistically PGC-1α-deficient animals display defects in energy metabolism, and are being extensively studied in the areas of cardiovascular health glucose disposal, and insulin action. These deficient animals also and aging.* display reduced resistance to oxidative stress, increased fat mass, decreased muscle mass, impaired exercise performance, and other ALAmax CR™ is a multifunctional antioxidant that has the ability to issues suggestive of an impaired ability to adapt to metabolic and neutralize free radicals in both the aqueous-based and lipid-based physiological stress.[6] Conversely, PGC-1α activation contributes to environments of cells. In addition, ALAmax CR’s patented, controlled- an increase in metabolic fitness in the form of an increased metabolic release formulation provides extended protection[10] by promoting rate, improved glucose disposal and insulin function, enhanced fatty synthesis of glutathione and “recharging” other important antioxidants acid oxidation, increased resistance to oxidative stress, decreased fat such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10.* mass, and increased muscle mass and exercise performance.* An independent study of the MRK was performed. A report of the The nutrients in the MRK have been clinically tested for their oral study, written by Dr. Joseph Evans and entitled “A Three-Month, Open- bioavailability and also for their safety and efficacy in activating PGC- Label Pilot Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy of the Mitochondrial 1α and upstream cellular signaling cascades, These actions mimic the Renewal Kit™ on Aerobic Conditioning and Body Composition,” is protective effects of exercise and caloric restriction on mitochondrial available through your XYMOGEN Functional Medicine Consultant.* EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Sports Nutrition Male Health Female Health Blood Sugar Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN Contains: IngredientderivedfromMilk(ACTINOS N.O.max ER preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy Resveratin preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy ALAmax CR STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry 18 shouldconsulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. taking prescriptiondrugs, arepregnantorlactating, that of or areundertheage Individuals withamedicalcondition(including diabetesorcoldsores), are that and 30minutesbeforelunch. one ALAmax CR. Take onepacketwith 8oz. water, 30minutesbeforebreakfast practitioner. EachpacketsuppliesthreeN.O.maxER, Plus, oneResveratin and DIRECTIONS: Take onetotwopacketsperday, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare nuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree ‡‡ pTeroPure ** DailyValue notestablished. ACTINOS² Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate trans-Pterostilbene (pTeroPure root extract) trans-Resveratrol (asPolygonumcuspidatum Quercetin PROTECTED BYU.S.PATENTS: 6,191,162(B1);6,197,340(B1);6,572,888(B2);7,118,762(B2) stearate, silica,andglycerin. Other Ingredients:Celluloseandcellulosederivatives,dicalciumphosphate,stearicacid,magnesium ** DailyValue notestablished. Alpha-Lipoic Acid(asthiocticacid) Biotin Serving Size:3Caplets Serving Size:1Capsule Serving Size:1TabletServing and magnesiumstearate. Other Ingredients:Ricepowder, cellulose,carboxymethylcellulose,silica,stearicacid, microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. PROTECTED BYU.S.PATENT: 6,905,707and7,579,020. glycerin. Other Ingredients:Celluloseandcellulosederivatives,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica, ® WheyPeptideFraction ™ ™ isatrademarkofChromaDex,Inc. ™ ™ PlusSupplementFacts SupplementFacts SupplementFacts ™

‡‡ ) ‡

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing Amount PerServing 2 ) All XYMOGEN ‡ Controlled Delivery Formulation Controlled Delivery EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 450 mcg 1980 mg 62.5 mg 250 mg 600 mg 150 mg 75 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value %Daily Value %Daily Value 150% ** ** ** ** ** ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

N.O.max ER Dec;36(12):625-8. [PMID: 9876998] of alpha-lipoicacidinhealthyvolunteers. IntJClinPharmacol Ther. 1998 Teichert J, KernJ, Tritschler HJ, etal. onthepharmacokinetics Investigations 92. [PMID: 16868069] absorption andmetabolicstability. DrugMetabDispos. 2006Oct;34(10):1786- Wen X, Walle T. improvedintestinal greatly have flavonoids Methylated Jul 15;119(Pt14):2855-62. [PMID: 16825426] Nisoli E, CarrubaMO. Nitricoxideandmitochondrialbiogenesis. JCellSci. 2006 [PMID: 18401228] cardiovascular diseases. JClinHypertens(Greenwich). 2008 Apr;10(4):304-10. Bian K, DoursoutMF, MuradF. Vascular system: roleofnitricoxidein steatosis.control andhepatic PLoSBiol. 2005 Apr;3(4):e101. [PMID: 15760270] metabolicderangements:system energy muscle dysfunction, abnormalweight Leone TC, LehmanJJ, Finck BN, etal. PGC-1alphadeficiency causesmulti- 2005;39:359-407. [PMID: 16285865] aging, andcancer: medicine. forevolutionary adawn AnnuRevGenet. Wallace DC. diseases,A mitochondrialparadigmofmetabolicanddegenerative Review. [PMID: 18347672] ofaging. PhysiolNutrMetab.mitochondrial theory Appl 2008Feb;33(1):191-9. Johnston AP, DeLisioM, Parise G. Resistancetraining, sarcopenia, andthe aging. Diabetes. 2008Nov;57(11):2933-42. [PMID: 18716044] Lanza IR, ShortDK, ShortKR, etal. Enduranceexerciseasacountermeasurefor ExpGerontol.aging. 2008Sep;43(9):813-9. Review. [PMID: 18662766] López-Lluch G, IrustaPM, P, Navas etal. Mitochondrialbiogenesisandhealthy [PMID: 12525853] during mitochondrialbiogenesis. ExpPhysiol. 2003Jan;88(1):33-40. Review. Goffart S, Wiesner RJ. ofnuclear andco-ordination Regulation geneexpression    May HelpUpregulateAnti-agingMechanisms  Decreases FreeRadicals/OxidativeStress Additional referencesavailable uponrequest May HelpMaintainExercisePerformance NO Promotes EfﬁcientMetabolicFunction ™   Helps MaintainMitochondrial Supports Energy Production Supports Energy Biogenesis/Function Resveratin EXERCISE PGC1α SIRT1

™ Plus † † ALAmax CR AMPK † † † †§ Rev. (RV) DRS-207

08/03/12 ™ Mood Food™ Neurologic & Cognitive Nervous System Support* Clinical Applications

» Supports Nervous System Health* » Supports a Healthy Mood*

» Supports Synthesis of Neurotransmitters, Including Serotonin* Relaxation & Sleep » May Help Reduce Carbohydrate Cravings*

Mood Food™ combines key B vitamins, including 5-MTHF as Quatrefolic® and Albion® TRAACS® magnesium chelate, with critical amino acids to support overall central nervous system health, calmness, and a positive mood.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion B Vitamins Due to their involvement in the synthesis of chemicals mood and calm demeanor.[5,6] A suboptimal intake of magnesium crucial to brain function, B vitamins are essential to mental and could potentially cause intraneuronal magnesium deﬁ cits that affect emotional well-being. Because B vitamins are water soluble and not neuronal integrity and function. While some forms of magnesium such stored by the body, dietary or supplementary sources are critical to as glutamate or aspartate may not be suited to individuals seeking maintaining optimal levels. In addition, B vitamins can be destroyed support of neurological health, magnesium glycinate and taurinate or used at a higher rate with consumption of alcohol, reﬁ ned sugars, chelates appear to be good options.* nicotine, and caffeine. Mood Food provides vitamin B6 in its principal coenzyme form, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (P5P); vitamin B12 in its GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) GABA is an inhibitory readily bioavailable form, methylcobalamin; and folate in the form neurotransmitter found in 30%-40% of the brain synapses. It helps of 50% calcium folinate and 50% Quatrefolic®. Quatrefolic is a form calm the brain by neutralizing the excitatory effects of glutamate. It of 5-MTHF (5-methyltetrahydrofolate) that is proven to have greater is thought that either low GABA levels or decreased GABA function in stability, solubility, and bioavailability than calcium salt forms.* the brain may have an adverse impact on neurological health. Optimal levels of GABA support normal delta (deep) sleep and have been Folate and vitamins B6 and B12 are needed for proper methylation, associated with healthy mood.*[7] a vital and fundamental process involved in many biochemical pathways such as the conversion of homocysteine back to methionine 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) 5-HTP is a precursor to serotonin, a or to cysteine. Adequate intakes of these B vitamins plus a healthy neurotransmitter that regulates many normal brain activities, supports metabolic conversion of folate to 5-MTHF support the maintenance healthy production of norepinephrine and dopamine, and assists with of homocysteine levels within the normal range. Moreover, healthy supporting healthy mood and behavior. In addition, a review of studies homocysteine levels, as well as healthy serum B-vitamin levels, investigating serotonergic neurotransmission suggests that increasing have a role in nerve health and have been associated with normal serotonin availability may assist in weight management as it relates to psychological function, mood, and cognition.[1-3] Because 5-MTHF can periodic carbohydrate cravings.*[8] cross the blood-brain barrier and may be better utilized by those with genetic variations in folate metabolism, 5-MTHF may be particularly In the synthesis of serotonin, tryptophan is converted into 5-HTP by well-suited to supporting healthy neurotransmission and promoting the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. Supplementation with 5-HTP healthy homocysteine levels already within the normal range.* bypasses this rate-limiting conversion. Oral 5-HTP is well-absorbed in the intestine without the need for a transporter; other amino acids Pyridoxine nutritional status selectively modulates central production do not compete with it for absorption. It easily crosses the blood-brain of both serotonin and GABA.[4] Other neurotransmitters such as barrier, is not degraded by the enzymes that degrade tryptophan, and dopamine and norepinephrine are also synthesized using P5P- it is excreted through the kidneys.*[9,10] dependent enzymes.*

Magnesium As a cofactor for over 325 enzymes in the body, magnesium has a multitude of actions, including a calming effect on the nervous system. Laboratory, animal, and epidemiological research suggests a link between magnesium sufﬁ ciency and a healthy

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy or suspectyouare, pregnantorifyouarelactating. 5-HTP, St. John’s wort, SAMe, babywoodrose. orHawaiian Donottakeifyouare, CAUTIONS: supplementscontainingL-tryptophan, Donotusewithotherdietary Parkinson’s disease, disorders. orpsychiatric Notforusebychildren. a medicalconditionoraretakingprescriptiondrugsfordepression, migraines, Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerpriortouseifyouhave, orsuspectyouhave, practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Mood Food Serving Size:1Capsule Serving TRAACS isaregisteredtrademarkofAlbionLaboratories,Inc. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. Griffoniasimplicifolia)(seed) 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)(from GABA (gamma-aminobutyricacid) Magnesium (asTRAACS Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) glucosamine salt Folate (400mcgas6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid, Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) ™ SupplementFacts † and400mcgascalciumfolinate) ® MagnesiumGlycinateChelateBuffered) of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® isaregisteredtrademark *These statements have notbeenevaluatedbytheFood and DrugAdministration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 00mg16,667% 1000 mcg 0 c 200% 800 mcg 250 mg 50 mg 0m 13% 50 mg g200% 4 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References Mar;109(3):325-38. [PMID: 16023217] with theserotoninprecursor5-hydroxytryptophan. PharmacolTher. 2006 Turner EH, LoftisJM, Blackwell AD. Serotoninalacarte: supplementation Altern MedRev. 1998 Aug;3(4):271-80. [PMID: 9727088] Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: aclinically-effective serotoninprecursor. and disordersofmood. Drugs. 1990;39Suppl3:49-52. [PMID: 2197075] Wurtman JJ. craving. intake Carbohydrate betweencarbohydrate Relationship .Neuropsychopharmacology 2004Jun;29(6):1050-62. [PMID: 15039762] ofanxiety-andantidepressant-likebehavior.receptors inthemodulation Mombereau C. GeneticandpharmacologicalevidenceofaroleforGABA(B) .Neuropharmacology 2012Jan;62(1):304-12. [PMID: 21835188] anxiety andHPA drugtreatment. axisdysregulation: bytherapeutic modulation Sartori SB, Whittle N, Hetzenauer A, etal. defi Magnesium ciency induces Apr;40(4):1231-48. [PMID: 21312047] restriction-induceddepression-likebehavior.to magnesium AminoAcids. 2011 Whittle N, LiL, Chen WQ, etal. Changesinbrainproteinexpressionarelinked 2000 May;54(5):803-07. [PMID: 10859691] McCarty MF. High-dosepyridoxineasan ‘anti-stress’ strategy. MedHypotheses. [PMID: 10681269] neurocognitive functionintheelderly. AmJClinNutr. 2000;71(2):614S-20S. Selhub J, LC, Bagley MillerJ, etal. Bvitamins, homocysteine, and a meta-analysis.. MolPsychiatry 2006 Apr;11(4):352-60. [PMID: 16402130] withdepressionintheBritish associated Women’s and HeartandHealthStudy Lewis SJ, DA, Lawlor SmithG, Davey etal. The thermolabilevariantofMTHFRis 15671130] folic acidandvitaminB12. JPsychopharmacol. 2005Jan;19(1):59-65. [PMID: Coppen A, Bolander-Gouaille C. Treatment ofdepression: timetoconsider Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 09/28/12 (RV) DRS-165 Mood Food ES™ Neurologic & Cognitive Supports Calmness and Relaxation* Clinical Applications

» Supports Nervous System Health* » Supports Inhibitory Neurotransmitters*

» Supports Relaxation* Relaxation & Sleep » Supports a Healthy Mood* » Supports the Synthesis of Neurotransmitters, Including Serotonin*

Mood Food ES™ combines the same vitamins, minerals, and amino acids as ﬁ rst generation Mood Food™. Modiﬁ cation in quantities of ingredients, plus the addition of Suntheanine®, vitamin C, and selenium, further enhance synthesis of chemical messengers that support calmness, a healthy mood, and a healthy nervous system.*

Available in 60 & 120 capsules Discussion Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other nutrients are necessary function in the brain positively affects neurological health, the body’s for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, healthy nerve transmission, response to stress, mood, alpha and beta brain waves, and sleep.*[7-9] healthy brain chemistry, and normal muscle contraction/relaxation. Components of Mood Food ES address each of these areas.* 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is a precursor to serotonin. It is well-absorbed in the intestine and easily crosses the blood-brain Methylation is the addition of a methyl group (a carbon atom with barrier.[10] Serotonin regulates many normal brain activities; infl uences three hydrogen atoms attached) to proteins, enzymes, chemicals, other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine; and DNA, or amino acids like homocysteine. It is a vital aspect of is important in regulating mood and behavior, including food cravings. nervous system health and is necessary for the synthesis of Research suggests that adequate levels of 5-HTP instill a sense of neurotransmitters. Mood Food ES provides key nutrients involved calmness and relaxation.*[11] in the methylation pathway, such as selenomethionine; vitamin B6 as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate; vitamin B12 as the readily bioavailable L-Taurine is a conditionally essential, neuroprotective amino acid that form, methylcobalamin; and folate as bioactive Quatrefolic® (5-MTHF helps maintain cell volume and stabilize cell membranes in the brain. glucosamine salt) and calcium folinate.[1] Pyridoxine nutritional status In addition to its roles in antioxidant activity and infl ammatory cytokine selectively modulates central production of serotonin and GABA modulation, taurine is important in the transmission of nerve impulses (gamma-aminobutyric acid)—neurotransmitters that are involved in and overall nerve function. Oral supplementation increases GABA.*[12] physical pain perception and mental wellness.*[2] L-Theanine (Suntheanine®) is a naturally occurring, Magnesium is provided as Albion® TRAACS® glycinate chelate, a biologically active, free-form amino acid that provides relaxation specifi c form demonstrated to support intraneuronal magnesium support. Mechanisms of action appear to relate to its effects on suffi ciency.[3] As a cofactor for over 325 enzymes in the body, neurotransmitters, excitatory amino acids activity, and alpha brain magnesium has a multitude of actions, including a calming effect on wave activity.[13-15] Many practitioners utilize L-theanine to support the nervous system and regulation of muscle contraction. Laboratory, overall relaxation without inducing drowsiness.* animal, and epidemiological research suggests a link between magnesium suffi ciency and a healthy mood and calm demeanor.*[4,5]

Vitamin C participates in the enzyme activity of two copper- dependent monooxygenases that are important in the synthesis of norepinephrine and serotonin. In addition, vitamin C regulates the activity of some neurons within the brain that affect neurotransmitter membrane receptor synthesis and neurotransmitter dynamics.*[6]

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter found in 30% to 40% of the brain synapses. It helps calm the brain by neutralizing the excitatory effects of glutamate. Research suggests that GABA supplementation or optimal GABA

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. woodrose. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Pregnantorlactating or5-HTP,containing L-tryptophan St. John’s wort, SAMe, baby orHawaiian medical condition, takeprescriptiondrugs, supplements orareusingdietary Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, acurrent especiallyifyouhave healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetotwotimesdaily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyour Mood FoodES and patentspending. TRAACS isaregisteredtrademarkofAlbionLaboratories,Inc.ChelatescoveredbyU.S.patent7,838,042 and medium-chaintriglycerides. cellulose,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica, Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. GABA (gamma-aminobutyricacid) Zinc (asTRAACS L-Theanine (Suntheanine Griffoniasimplicifolia)(seed) 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan)(from Taurine Selenium (asAminoAcidComplex) Magnesium (asTRAACS Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) glucosamine salt Folate (150mcgas6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid, Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) Serving Size:2Capsules Serving † ® and150mcgascalciumfolinate) ZincGlycinateChelate) L-Theanine, isatrademarkofTaiyo International, Inc. Suntheanine ™ SupplementFacts of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® ® MagnesiumLysyl GlycinateChelate) ® ) , apatentedformof ® isaregisteredtrademark *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 0 c 75% 300 mcg 100 mg 100 mg 100 mg 300 mg 0mg71% 50 mcg 0mg500% 30 mcg 7 g18% 70mg 0m 33% 20 mg g20% 3 mg g250% 5 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ** ** ** ** 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 18296328] effect onmentalstate. AsiaPacJClinNutr. 2008;17Suppl1:167-68. [PMID: Nobre AC, Rao A, OwenGN. L-theanine, constituentintea, anatural andits Neurosci. 2005 Aug;8(4):219-26. [PMID: 16493792] dopaminereleaseinconscious rats.on brainmonoaminesandstriatal Nutr Yamada T, Terashima T, Okubo T, etal. Effectoftheanine, r-glutamylethylamide, [PMID: 20416364] of theNMDAreceptorpathway. Neuroscience. 2010Jul14;168(3):778-86. excitotoxicityviainhibition glutamate-induced transgenic SH-SY5Ycellagainst Di X, Yan J, Zhao Y, etal. L-theanineprotectsthe APP (Swedishmutation) 2007;50:8-15. [PMID: 18605222] Oja SS, SaransaariP. oftaurine. Pharmacology ProcWest PharmacolSoc. Mar;109(3):325-38. [PMID: 16023217] with theserotoninprecursor5-hydroxytryptophan. PharmacolTher. 2006 Turner EH, LoftisJM, Blackwell AD. Serotoninalacarte: supplementation Altern MedRev. 1998 Aug;3(4):271-80. [PMID: 9727088] Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: aclinically-effective serotoninprecursor. Mar-Apr;17(2):133-39. [PMID: 19417589] ontimingandqualityofsleep.of anaminoacidpreparation AmJTher. 2010 Shell W, BulliasD, CharuvastraE, etal. A randomized, placebo-controlledtrial Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004Jun;29(6):1050-62. [PMID: 15039762] ofanxiety-andantidepressant-likebehavior.receptors inthemodulation Mombereau C. GeneticandpharmacologicalevidenceofaroleforGABA(B) May;128(1-3):37-43. [PMID: 21303731] schizophrenia andmooddisorders: apostmortemstudy. SchizophrRes. 2011 Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Thuras PD. Defi cits inGABA(B)receptorsystem Wilkins; 1999:467-482. Nutrition inHealthandDisease. 9thed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Jacob, RA. Vitamin C. In: ShilsM, OlsonJA, ShikeM, Ross AC, eds.Modern Neuropharmacology. 2012Jan;62(1):304-12. [PMID: 21835188] anxiety andHPA drugtreatment. axisdysregulation: bytherapeutic modulation Sartori SB, Whittle N, Hetzenauer A, etal. defi Magnesium ciency induces Apr;40(4):1231-48. [PMID: 21312047] restriction-induceddepression-likebehavior.magnesium AminoAcids. 2011 Whittle N, LiL, Chen WQ, etal. Changesinbrainproteinexpressionarelinkedto treatment. MedHypotheses. 2006;67(2):362-70. [PMID: 16542786] Eby GA, EbyKL. frommajordepressionusingmagnesium recovery Rapid Hypotheses. 2000May;54(5):803-07. [PMID: 10859691] McCarty MF. High-dosepyridoxineasan ‘anti-stress’ strategy. Med Sep;29(7):1103-12. [PMID: 10896698] in depression.. ProgNeuropsychopharmacolBiolPsychiatry 2005 Bottiglieri T, M, Laundy CrellinR, etal. Homocysteine metabolism andfolate Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 11/26/12 (NF) DRS-238 N.O.max ER™ Cardiovascular Support Extended-Release Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate Clinical Applications

»» Supports Circulatory Health* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health* Cytokine Balance Support »» Optimizes Muscle Synthesis, Muscle Function, and Adaptation to Exercise* »» Supports the Normal Response to Inflammation*

N.O.max ER™ represents a patented, extended-release nitric oxide precursor. Scientists now refer to nitric oxide (NO) as the “foundation” of cardiovascular health. This tiny molecule is a vasodilator responsible for controlling blood flow to the entire body, which may help support healthy blood flow pressure and promote the health of the endothelium—the inside of blood vessels. With age comes diminished NO levels; that’s why since 1998, when three scientists won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of NO, researchers have been working to harness its heart-healthy activity. Today, with the application of XYMOGEN’s extended-release technology, that activity has been realized with N.O.max ER.* Male Health Available in 180 caplets

Discussion N.O.max ER™ elevates the plasma level of L-arginine, a “semi- ACTINOS2® is a mixture of both high- and low-molecular weight essential” amino acid and important nutrient whose remarkable fractions of proteins and peptides derived from whey through properties are validated by a Nobel Prize in medicine (1998). More patent-pending technology. Research suggests that these fractions than 60,000 clinical studies have brought L-arginine to the forefront are NOS activators that boost NO production by factors unrelated to of modern medicine as a nutrient that offers a wide range of health arginine, calcium, or bradykinin. ACTINOS2 may enhance transcription

benefits. N.O.max ER provides L-arginine in extended-release form to of the NOS gene and supports its role in reducing the negative Sports Nutrition prolong its bioavailability.* feedback mechanism for NO production. The synergistic activity of the size-based fractions of ACTINOS2 has been shown to increase NO L-arginine is considered a direct nitric oxide (NO) precursor as it is production in human endothelial cells in vitro from 9.5 to 12.7 times the substrate of nitric oxide-generating enzymes called nitric oxide compared to a control.*[8] synthetases (NOS). Nitric oxide is an endogenously produced cellular signaling molecule involved in a variety of endothelium-mediated N.O.max ER is manufactured in the United States using the highest actions in the vasculature.[1] The plasma concentration of L-arginine purity (>98.0%) of L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate that is commercially might be a rate-limiting factor for NO production. Research in humans available. This patented formulation is specially designed to deliver suggests that oral supplementation with L-arginine may increase L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in a controlled manner over a period of smooth muscle relaxation, inhibit platelet aggregation, and inhibit approximately 4-6 hours.* expression of adhesion molecules and endolelin-1.[2] L-arginine drives the biosynthesis of NO in tissues, including the vascular endothelium and skeletal muscle.[3] Acting via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) intracellular signaling system, NO increases blood flow without increasing blood pressure.[4] In short, NO causes vasodilation by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction. Increased blood flow results in increased nutrient uptake and glucose utilization in muscle, especially during exercise.*[4]

In addition to the cardiovascular/circulatory benefits, L-arginine is involved in ammonia detoxification, hormone secretion, and immune health. It supports the synthesis of protein as well.[5] The generation of nitric oxide may act as a molecular switch that activates PGC-1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism.[6] Many athletes have safely and effectively used L-arginine to increase “muscle pump” during a workout and for several hours afterward. Additional desired benefits include an increase in overall workout capacity (muscular endurance) and an increase in post-exercise recovery.*[7]

Inhouse report. GlanbiaNutritionalsInc., 2006 CFMN-CSR-0506-1 discussion 673. [PMID: 17496072] predicts exercisecapacity. BrJSportsMed. 2007Oct;41(10):669-73: Rassaf T, Lauer T, HeissC, etal. Nitricoxidesynthase-derivedplasmanitrite Jul 15;119(Pt14):2855-62. [PMID: 16825426] Nisoli E, CarrubaMO. Nitricoxideandmitochondrialbiogenesis. JCellSci. 2006 1998 Oct;125(4):888-94. [PMID: 9831929] adipocytes cultures. brown ofrat inprimary differentiation BrJPharmacol. Nisoli E, ClementiE, Tonello C, etal. and Effectsofnitricoxideonproliferation supplementation. Atherosclerosis. 2002May;162(1):1-15. [PMID: 11947892] Preli RB, KleinKP, HerringtonDM. Vascular L-arginine effectsofdietary Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:79-99. [PMID: 11264451] Boger H, Bode-Boger, SM. The clinical ofL-arginine. pharmacology AnnuRev Med. 2007May;4(5):274-83. [PMID: 17457351] atherosclerosis--a clinicalin coronary perspective. ClinPractCardiovasc Nat Tousoulis D, Böger RH, Antoniades C, etal. Mechanismsofdisease: L-arginine Pharmacol. 2006;(176Pt1):213-54. [PMID: 16999221] Moncada S, HiggsEA. Nitricoxideandthevascularendothelium. HandbExp Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-169

07/03/12 NAC Antioxidant Activity Supports Antioxidant and Detoxification Activity* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Glutathione Synthesis* »» Supports Detoxification of Environmental Toxins and Pollutants* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Antioxidant Activity in all Body Cells* »» Supports Healthy Respiratory Function*

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) is a source of the conditionally essential amino acid L-cysteine and a precursor to the tripeptide glutathione. NAC and glutathione support antioxidant and detoxification activity in the body.* Detoxification

Available in 60 capsules & 120 capsules Discussion NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine) NAC, a sulfur-containing derivative of and well-being throughout the lifespan.* the amino acid L-cysteine, supports antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms in the body. NAC supports antioxidant activity by neutralizing hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, and the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and also serves as a source of sulfhydryl groups. In addition, NAC enhances production of the tripeptide glutathione—a key component of both antioxidant and detoxification Liver Support enzymes.*[1]

NAC is recognized for its support of normal mucous production and may positively support respiratory function and eye health, especially when consumed over a prolonged period.[1-3] Research suggests that NAC may protect cell and tissue health by supporting normal metal status in the body.*[1,4,5]

Glutathione While the absorption of oral glutathione may be limited,[6] supplementation with NAC may significantly increase circulating levels of glutathione in the body.[7,8] Once NAC promotes production of glutathione, glutathione is incorporated into crucial antioxidant enzymes (e.g., glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and detoxification enzymes (glutathione S-transferases). Through the activity of these enzymes, glutathione directly supports antioxidant activity, phase II detoxification, and the normal breakdown of metabolites, toxins, and other compounds in the body. Glutathione also participates in fatty acid synthesis and amino acid transport across the cell membrane.*[1]

A variety of factors may determine glutathione requirements, including level of exposure to toxins, increased phase I detoxification activity, and overall need for antioxidant support. Maintaining glutathione levels may be important to maintaining the health of the respiratory, hepatic, and immune systems, as well as supporting antioxidant protection of lipids and proteins and supporting the normal response to inflammation.[7-13] Levels of endogenous antioxidants, including glutathione, may decrease with age.[14] It is important to maintain adequate levels of glutathione in the body to support overall health

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 1.2 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12.

Review. [PMID: 8194133]. infectedwithHIV.in patients ChemBiolInteract. 1994Jun;91(2-3):165-80. Favier A, C, Sappey Leclerc P, etal. andlipidperoxidation Antioxidant status Med. 1995;19:523-8. [PMID: 7590404] Pace GW, LeafCD. stressinHIVDisease.The roleofoxidative Free RadBiol February 27, 2012. 27,science/article/pii/0955286394900396 January Updated 2003. Accessed disease. J NutrBiochem. 1994;5:218-26. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ White AC, Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. deficiency Glutathione inhuman Aug;7(4):355-9. Review. [PMID: 17602868] antidote forcysteine/glutathione deficiency. CurrOpinPharmacol. 2007 Atkuri KR, MantovaniJJ, HerzenbergLA, etal. N-Acetylcysteine—a safe J ClinInvest2000Oct;30(10):841-2. [PMID: 11029607] De RosaSC, etal. N-acetylcysteine inHIVinfection. replenishesglutathione Eur Pharmacol. 1992;43:667-9. [PMID: 1362956] Witschi A, etal. oforalglutathione.The systemicavailability EurJClin Health. 1994Nov;43(3):351-9. [PMID: 7966443] intestinal epithelialcelllineI-407: theroleofglutathione. JToxicolEnviron Keogh JP, SteffenB, SiegersCP. metalsinthehumansmall Cytotoxicityofheavy 3662815] of themetalsHg, Cd, Pband Au. ArchToxicol. 1987Jul;60(5):401-2. [PMID: Ottenwalder H, SimonP. DifferentialeffectofN-acetylcysteine onexcretion Cornea. 2002Mar;21(2):164-8. [PMID: 11862087] Yalçin E, Altin F, CinhüseyinoglueF, etal. N-acetylcysteine inchronicblepharitis. 22(2):209-21. [PMID: 10743980] published double-blind, placebo-controlledclinical trials. ClinTher. 2000Feb N-acetylcysteine disease: inchronicbronchopulmonary ameta-analysisof Grandjean EM, BerthetP, RuffmannR, LeuenbergerP. Efficacy oforallong-term 2nd ed. Hudson(OH): Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide. 3):217-30. [PMID: 11164475] ageing:against aninvitromodel.Dev. MechAgeing2000Dec20;121(1- Hu HL, Forsey RJ, Blades TJ, etal. Antioxidants maycontributeinthefight Dec;172(6):1492-502. [PMID: 7594708] and humanimmunodeficiency virus-infectedpatients. JInfectDis. 1995 cellular toxicityinneutrophilsandmononuclear cellsfromhealthyadults Roberts RL, Aroda VR, Ank BJ. N-acetylcysteine enhancesantibody-dependent infection. AntioxidRedoxSignal. 2002Jun;4(3):455-64. [PMID: 12215212] Nakamura H, MasutaniH, Yodoi J. RedoximbalanceanditscontrolinHIV Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-221

08/16/12 Nattokinase Cardiovascular Support Healthy Circulation Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Fibrin Levels* »» Supports the Smooth Flow of Blood* »» Supports Healthy Blood Pressure Already Within the Normal Range*

Nattokinase is an all-natural, potent enzyme that is extracted from natto and highly purified. Natto is a fermented soybean food that has been consumed in Japan for over 1000 years. Nattokinase has been the subject of many studies, including human and animal trials. In 1980, researchers discovered that nattokinase demonstrated a positive effect on blood flow in vitro. Nattokinase may also support cardiovascular health.*

Available in 60 capsules & 120 capsules Discussion Natto is a fermented, cheese-like food that is popular in Japan where Animal and Human Studies In preliminary research performed by Dr. it has been consumed safely for more than 1000 years. It is made Sumi and his colleague Masugi Maruyama, extract of natto (equivalent through the fermentation of boiled soybeans by the bacterium Bacillus to 25 mg and 200 mg respectively) showed a healthy influence on subtilis natto. In 1980, during a series of in vitro experiments at the blood pressure in Wistar rats and in humans.[9] In another animal study University of Chicago Medical School, Dr. Hiroyuki Sumi discovered performed on dogs, nattokinase was tested against a placebo. Oral that natto could affect fibrin levels. Fibrin is a whitish, filamentous administration (1 g nattokinase in four capsules containing 250 mg protein that is formed in blood after a trauma or injury to protect the each) supported normal circulation, as shown by angiogram.[2] More body from excessive blood loss. Strands of fibrin can accumulate recently, to examine the effects of nattokinase supplementation on along the walls of blood vessels and affect blood flow.* blood pressure in humans, 86 people aged 20 to 80 years participated in an eight-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. After Dr. Sumi discovered the effect of natto on fibrin, he proceeded Seventy-three subjects completed the protocol. The researchers found to look for natto’s active component. He then isolated and named this that oral nattokinase supplementation (2000 FU/capsule) resulted in a component “nattokinase,” which means “enzyme in natto.” According healthy effect on blood flow.[10] XYMOGEN’s Nattokinase provides 1000 to Dr. Sumi, a 150 g portion of natto contains approximately 500 mg of FU/capsule with a recommended dosage of two capsules per day.* nattokinase.[1] Nattokinase is produced by Bacillus subtilis natto during the soybean fermentation process. While other soy foods contain It is important to note that both natto and nattokinase have been enzymes, it is only the natto preparation that contains the nattokinase demonstrated to have activity in humans, whereas supplementing with enzyme. Nattokinase is not a kinase enzyme, it is a serine proteinase boiled soybeans did not.[2] Animal research has demonstrated that class of enzyme.* nattokinase escapes the action of digestive enzymes and is absorbed from the small intestine to perform in plasma.*[11,12] How Nattokinase Works Nattokinase supports healthy levels of fibrin and supports healthy blood flow through protease enzyme action (e.g., subtilisin protease, bacillopeptidase F).[2,3] Not only does nattokinase act directly on fibrin, but as demonstrated by in vitro work, its action also causes the release of substances that trigger the body’s production of other important enzymes that help regulate fibrin formation. Nattokinase can also inhibit a key enzyme that affects extracellular and arterial vasoconstriction, and it can generate tissue plasminogen activators.[4,5] Other in vitro work revealed that nattokinase caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease of red blood cell aggregation and low-shear viscosity, and these beneficial effects were evident at concentrations similar to those achieved with in vivo animal trials.[6] The Japanese have long believed that natto supports healthy blood flow. Now, as outlined above, modern science has uncovered mechanisms underlying this belief.*[2-8]

%Daily Value ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 12. 11.

18971533] randomized, controlledtrial. HypertensRes. 2008 Aug;31(8):1583-88. [PMID: Kim JY, GumSN, Paik JK, etal. onbloodpressure: Effectsofnattokinase a www.jafra.gr.jp/eng/natto7.html.14,2012. AccessedAugust M,Maruyama SumiH. dietonbloodpressure. Effectofnatto JAFRA. http:// [PMID: 12620531] suppressesintimalthickening.soybeans Nutrition. 2003Mar;19(3):261-64. Suzuki Y, Kondo K, IchiseH, etal. withfermented supplementation Dietary [PMID: 8593442] induced thrombosismodelinrat. BiolPharmBull. 1995Oct;18(10):1387-91. Fujita M, HongK, Ito Y, etal. onachemically Thrombolytic effectofnattokinase Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35(1-2):139-42. [PMID: 16899918] enzyme, andwholebloodviscosity. onredbloodcellaggregation Clin Pais E, Alexy T, REJr, Holsworth etal. Effectsofnattokinase, apro-fibrinolytic Thromb. 2008;36(5):227-32. [PMID: 19996631] releasefromhumancells.plasminogen activator Pathophysiol Haemost Yatagai C, M, Maruyama Kawahara T, etal. tissue Nattokinase-promoted 22453301] fermented food. Food Funct. 2012Mar27. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: enzyme bysubtilisinNAT innatto, (nattokinase) traditional aJapanese Murakami K, Yamanaka N, OhnishiK, etal. InhibitionofangiotensinIconverting .16,2012. eng/natto1.html AccessedAugust culture. ofBacillussubtilisnatto Purified filtrate JAFRA. http://www.jafra.gr.jp/ 43. [PMID: 2123064] ofnattokinase.plasma byoraladministration . ActaHaematol 1990;84(3):139- Sumi H, HamadaH, NakanishiK, etal. Enhancementofthefibrinolyticactivityin diet.Japanese Experientia. 1987Oct15;43(10):1110-11. [PMID: 3478223] foodinthe atypicalandpopularsoybean in thevegetablecheeseNatto; Sumi H, HamadaH, Tsushima H, etal. A novelfibrinolyticenzyme(nattokinase) tract. BiolPharmBull. 1995Sep;18(9):1194-96. [PMID: 8845803] Fujita M, HongK, Ito Y, etal. Transport intestinal acrosstherat ofnattokinase rats. BiolPharmBull. 2011;34(11):1696-701. [PMID: 22040882] inspontaneouslyhypertensive anditsfragments ofnattokinase administration Fujita M, OhnishiK, Takaoka S, etal. Antihypertensive effectsofcontinuousoral Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-208

01/14/13 NeuroActives™ BrainSustain™ Neurologic & Cognitive Comprehensive Brain Support Formula* Clinical Applications

» Supports Enhancement of Brain Function* » Supports Brain Health and Healthy Memory* » Provides Generous Antioxidant Support to the Brain* » Supplies Micronutrients to Support Neuronal Energy Production*

Representing more than 30 years of neuroscience research, this unique encapsulated formula, developed by Board-Certiﬁ ed Neurologist and internationally recognized leader in nutritional neurology, David Perlmutter, MD, FACN, is designed to enhance brain performance and promote brain health. A key component of a complete program to ensure optimal brain function, NeuroActives™ BrainSustain™ improves the energy production of brain mitochondria and provides generous antioxidant support to combat the damaging effects of excess free radicals in the brain.*

Available in 120 capsules & 240 capsules

Discussion NeuroActives™ BrainSustain™ provides an array of micronutrients alpha-lipoic acid is easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It then and antioxidants that are essential to the structure, metabolism, enters circulation, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and reaches the and function of the brain and nervous system. This neurosupportive brain where it can regenerate other important antioxidants, including formula provides a foundational approach to sustaining neurological glutathione, vitamin E, and vitamin C.*[11,12] activity and integrity.* Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) As a ubiquinone, CoQ10 facilitates the N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) As a source of the conditionally essential transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC), playing a amino acid cysteine, NAC is a precursor to one of the brain’s most crucial role in the formation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and the important antioxidants—glutathione. NAC itself is an effective generation of energy within the cell. CoQ10 also donates electrons, antioxidant and has been shown to reduce the formation of free making it an effective antioxidant. As such, CoQ10 protects cells, radicals that can contribute to oxidative damage in the brain.*[1] cell membranes, and tissues from damaging free radicals and pro- oxidants. The antioxidant activity of CoQ10 may protect the brain from Phosphatidylserine A phospholipid that is highly concentrated in the oxidative stress that is believed to be partially responsible for the the brain, phosphatidylserine (PS) plays a key role in neuronal energy degeneration of neuronal cells.*[13] production and communication. Since very little PS is found in food, we must synthesize or supplement the amount we need for optimal Broccoli Seed Extract The patented form of the phytochemical in brain health. Improvements in cognitive function and memory have broccoli called sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS™) is a key ingredient been observed following supplementation with PS.[2-4] For some in NeuroActives BrainSustain. Extensive research demonstrates individuals, cognitive decline may be related to “age-related decline that when SGS is broken down to sulforaphane (its active form), in nutrition,”[5] and early nutrition intervention may be warranted. it safely and effectively upregulates the Nrf2 system, enhances NeuroActives BrainSustain contains safe-source PS from non-GMO antioxidant production, and activates vital phase II detoxiﬁ cation soy and contains no animal products.* enzymes.[14,15] This process provides protection from common toxins and xenobiotics.* Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) The ALCAR form of the amino acid L-carnitine is found to have multifaceted roles in neuroprotection.[6] Adequate antioxidant protection from ongoing free radical damage is It is able to cross the blood-brain barrier where it stabilizes cell crucial to maintaining the health and function of the cell and, hence, membranes, acts as an effective antioxidant, and protects brain cells tissues and organs, especially the brain. Unbridled oxidative damage from toxic chemicals and stress-induced damage.[7-9] In addition, can lead to metabolic disruption and organ dysfunction over time. ALCAR enhances neuronal energy production, facilitates transport of Antioxidant-promoting phytochemicals such as SGS are considered fuel and waste products into and out of mitochondria, and supports “lifespan essentials” because they assist in maintaining health production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential to the throughout adult life.*[16] processes of learning and concentration.*[8-10]

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Acting as both a fat- and water-soluble antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid provides intracellular and extracellular protection against oxidative stress. With its low molecular weight, EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy tamper sealisdamaged. shouldconsulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse.treatment Donotuseif Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsreceivingcancer practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, twotofourcapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare NeuroActives Serving Size:4Capsules Serving and calciumsilicate. Other Ingredients: Tricalcium phosphate,HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica, ** DailyValue notestablished. Coenzyme Q10(asubiquinone) Alpha-Lipoic Acid Phosphatidylserine (Sharp•PS Acetyl-L-Carnitine (asacetyl-L-carnitineHCl) (seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassicaoleraceaitalica) N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine ™ Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGSisatrademarkof 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ) ™ BrainSustain ® ) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnot intendedto diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 0 g** ** 100 mg 100 mg ** 400 mg 5 g** ** 150 mg 100 mg 5m ** 15 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. • PATENTED 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References [PMID: 18406129] bioeffi cacy beyondantioxidants. CurrOpinBiotechnol.2008Apr;19(2):73-82. Holst B, Williamson G. Nutrientsandphytochemicals: to frombioavailability Res. 2010 Apr;54(4):532-42. [PMID: 20166144] ERK1/2, ofdetoxifi Nrf-2andtheupregulation enzymes.MolNutrFood cation 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine-induced of against toxicitythroughtheactivation Vauzour D, Buonfi glio M, CoronaG, etal. protectscorticalneurons Sulforaphane Res. 2010Jul9;1343:178-85. [PMID: 20417626] throughinductionofNrf2-dependentphase2enzyme.ischemic injury Brain Ping Z, Liu W, KangZ, etal. hypoxic- protectsbrainsagainst Sulforaphane Review. [PMID: 20017723] disorders.Drug Targetsneurodegenerative Curr . 2010Jan;11(1):111-21. Mancuso M, OrsucciD, Volpi L, etal. CoenzymeQ10inneuromuscularand overview. NeurochemRes. 2008Jan;33(1):194-203. Review. [PMID: 17605107] mitochondrialandcognitivedysfunction:on improvingage-associated an Liu J. The effectsandmechanismsofmitochondrialnutrientalpha-lipoic acid 8958163] alpha-lipoic acid.Free RadicBiolMed. 1997;22(1-2):359-78. Review. [PMID: Packer L, Tritschler HJ, Wessel K. Neuroprotectionbythemetabolicantioxidant function.. GerontolInt Geriatr 2010Jul;10Suppl1:S99-106. [PMID: 20590847] Kobayashi S, IwamotoM, Kon K, etal. brain Acetyl-L-carnitine improvesaged 2010 Jan;49(1):61-75. Review. [PMID: 19720082] Jones LL, McDonaldDA, BorumPR. Acylcarnitines: roleinbrain. ProgLipidRes. ataxia. ClinNeuropharmacol. 2000Mar-Apr;23(2):114-8. [PMID: 10803803] clinical cerebellar withdegenerative trialwithL-acetylcarnitineinpatients Sorbi S, Forleo P, Fani C, etal. Double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled 1995 Nov;14(11):865-71. [PMID: 8588946] 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: protectionbyacetyl-L-carnitine.Exp Toxicol Hum . Steffen V, M, Santiago delaCruzCP, etal. injectionof Effectofintraventricular .Neuropharmacology 2006Jun;50(8):917-23. [PMID: 16500685] invitroischemia:neurons against theroleofendogenousacetylcholine. Picconi B, BaroneI, Pisani A, etal. Acetyl-L-carnitine protectsstriatal 19185780] improves cognitiveperformance. NutrRes. 2009Jan;29(1):70-4. [PMID: tomurinebrainand acid, damage reducesoxidative andphosphatidylserine alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, glycerophosphocoline, docosahexaenoic Suchy J, Chan A, Shea of TB. withacombination supplementation Dietary Cogn Disord. 2010;29(5):467-74. [PMID: 20523044] complaints:memory adouble-blindplacebo-controlledtrial. DementGeriatr abilitiesinnon-dementedelderlywith acidsmayimprovememory fatty Vakhapova V, Cohen T, Richter Y, etal. containingomega-3 Phosphatidylserine 21103402] complaints: apilotstudy. Aging.Interv 2010Nov2;5:313-6. Clin [PMID: abilitiesinsubjectswithsubjectivememory acidsonmemory omega-3 fatty Richter Y, Herzog Y, Cohen T, etal. The effectofphosphatidylserine-containing complaints. JClinBiochemNutr. 2010Nov;47(3):246-55. [PMID: 21103034] subjectswithmemory functionoftheelderlyJapanese improves memory Kato-Kataoka A, SakaiM, EbinaR, etal. phosphatidylserine Soybean-derived Neurosci. 2011Jan;8(1):10-4. [PMID: 21311702] Sansone RA, SansoneLA. GettingaknackforNAC: N-acetyl-cysteine. InnovClin Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 01/03/13 (RV) DRS-224 NiaVasc™ Cardiovacular Support Sustained-Release Niacin Clinical Applications

»» Supports the Maintenance of Healthy Blood Lipids* »» Supports Normal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT)*

Niacin is one of the most studied and documented nutrients for support of lipid levels already within the normal range, especially high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Sustained- release niacin, as found in NiaVasc™/NiaVasc 750™, has a lesser flushing effect compared with instant-release niacin. Use of a proprietary, wax-coated technology permits release that is complete in seven to eight hours, the time that is considered ideal for a time- release form of niacin.*

NiaVasc™ is available in 120 tablets & 360 tablets NiaVasc 750™ is available in 60 tablets & 120 tablets Discussion The cardiovascular benefits of niacin (vitamin B3) were introduced in harmless, although it can be a nuisance. Flushing is most often seen the June 1956 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings.[1] More than 20 years with the use of immediate/instant-release forms of niacin and can later, the Framingham Heart Study touted the benefits of niacin on occur with doses as low as 30 mg/day, but it is more likely to occur lipid metabolism. A decade later, as the study continued, researchers with the much higher doses used to support healthy blood lipids. labeled niacin “front-line” cardiovascular support.[2] This status was Flushing may last 10 to 15 minutes and rarely, but possibly, up to two further reinforced in 1988 when the National Cholesterol Education hours. The proprietary wax-coated technology used in NiaVasc tablets Program (NCEP) panel designated niacin a “first-line therapy” for allows a gradual, sustained release of niacin over a seven-to-eight support of specific parameters related to cardiovascular health.*[3] hour period. This delivery dramatically reduces the flushing associated with immediate-release forms. Adherence to a regimen with the Mechanisms of Action Several mechanisms of action have been special wax-coated form of niacin, as found in NiaVasc, ranged from proposed for niacin. Various experimental models suggest niacin can 88-97% in four human clinical trials.[10,11] Flushing, itching, tingling, modulate lipoprotein biosynthesis in the liver, inhibit the release of and upper gastrointestinal side effects were minimal, but did increase free fatty acids from adipocytes, inhibit synthesis of apo B, induce when dosing was increased to 2000 mg/day. It is important to note lipoprotein lipase, and help maintain the structure and function of HDL that NiaVasc should not be confused with “no-flush” niacin, which is (high-density lipoprotein) by reducing the amount of apo A-1 broken inositol hexanicotinate (IHN), a supplement that does not contain any down from HDL during hepatic processing.[4,5] In addition, when niacin free niacin and may not be as supportive of cardiovascular health as is used with resins, it can stimulate bile flow and may therefore affect those providing nicotinic acid.*[12,13] lipid biosynthesis.*[6] The second concern with regard to liver enzyme elevation was first Human Trials Since the late 1970s, studies and clinical trials, lasting elucidated by the results of McKenney’s study, published in 1994 in from four weeks to five years with daily doses of extended-release the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), wherein (also known as sustained/prolonged/slow-release) niacin up to 3000 subjects received 3000 mg/day of niacin over an extended period mg/day, have consistently demonstrated niacin’s efficacy and safety. of time.[14] In April 2004, McKenney retracted his earlier warnings [6] In 2004, the ARBITER 6-HALTS trial clearly demonstrated that niacin about the harmful effects of niacin and publicly supported its unique offers targeted support of cardiovascular health.[7] Final results of this benefits.[15] Although they generally do not enter an unhealthy range, trial, published in 2010, further demonstrated that niacin supports liver enzymes may increase when initiating niacin therapy, especially healthy carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).[8] While the supportive in amounts greater than 1000 mg/day. Enzyme levels return to normal effect niacin has on blood lipids is well documented, there has been promptly after cessation of niacin.*[15] a recent focus by NCEP and other researchers on how niacin’s effect on HDL may influence cardiovascular events.[9] More well-designed studies that address innate limitations and are carried to completion are needed.*

Why Isn’t Niacin More Widely Used? The two common concerns are cutaneous flushing and increased liver enzymes. Cutaneous flushing is

of print][PMID: 22520249] endpointtrials.previous surrogate J Am CollCardiol. 2012 4.Apr [Epubahead hdl/hightriglycerides:with low Impactonglobalhealthoutcomes)trialwith reconciling the inmetabolicsyndrome AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosisintervention atherosclerosis regressionandpreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseevents: Michos ED, SibleyCT, BaerJT, etal. for therapy combination Niacinandstatin Cardiol. 2010Jun15;55(24):2721-67. [PMID: 20399059] adherence,impact ofmedication dose,Coll duration. andtreatment JAm 6-HDL andLDL Treatment in Strategies Atherosclerosis): finalresultsandthe ofthe fortheInvestigation Biology Treatment EffectsofReducingCholesterol Villines TC, StanekEJ, DevinePJ, etal. The ARBITER 6-HALTS Trial (Arterial 7;110(23):3512-17. [PMID: 15537681] withstatins. treated . preventionpatients Circulation in secondary 2004Dec ofextended-releaseniacinonatherosclerosiscontrolled study progression effectsofreducingcholesterol(ARBITER)2:treatment adouble-blind, placebo- Taylor AJ, SullenbergerLE, LeeHJ, etal. ofthe fortheinvestigation Biology August 19, 2010. asp&patientVersion=/monographs/herbssupplements/patient-niacin. Accessed aux2-niacin. /monographs/herbssupplements/ monoframeset.asp?monograph= Niacin. http://www.naturalstandard.com/naturalstandard/monographs/ the rat. BiochemPharmacol. 1993Jan7;45(1):43-49. [PMID: 8424822] Holland RE, RahmanK, Morris AI, etal. lipidoutputin Effectofniacinonbiliary 8424822] subclass distribution. PrevCardiol. 2004Fall;7(4):182-7; quiz188. [PMID: Morgan JM, CareyCM, Lincoff A, etal. The effectsofniacinonlipoprotein guidelines. Drugs. 1988;36Suppl3:100-04. [PMID: 3254822] Hulley SB. Program. CholesterolEducation The USNational Adult treatment Apr;106(4):23-27. [PMID: 642745] Kannel WB. Recentfindingsfromthe Framingham study—I. MedTimes. 1978 1956 Jun27;31(13):377-90. [PMID: 13336128] persons withhypercholesterolemia: observations. MayoClinProc. preliminary oflargedosesnicotinicacidto prolongedadministration lipids following Parsons WB Jr, Achor RW, BergeKG,etal. ofblood Changesinconcentration 22;96(4A):60E-66E. Review. [PMID: 16098846] cholesterol lowering: benefitsversusrisks. AmJCardiol.2005Aug McKenney JM. lipoprotein low-density Pharmacologicoptionsforaggressive 2;271(9):672-77. [PMID: 8309029] niacininhypercholesterolemicpatients.immediate-release JAMA. 1994Mar McKenney JM. A comparisonoftheefficacy andtoxiceffectsofsustained-vs Cardiol. 2006 Winter;9(1):64-65. [PMID: 16407706] Norris RB. “Flush-free niacin”: supplementmaybe dietary “benefit-free”. Prev Mar;123(2):70-83. Review. [PMID: 21474895] supplementversusprescriptionniacinproducts.dietary Postgrad. Med 2011 Backes JM, Padley RJ, MoriartyPM. with fortreatment Importantconsiderations Arch Fam Med. 1996Nov-Dec;5(10):567-75. [PMID: 8930228] withhypercholesterolemia.sustained-release niacininaRussianpopulation Aronov DM, KeenanJM, Akhmedzhanov NM, etal. Clinicaltrialofwax-matrix Arch InternMed. 1991Jul;151(7):1424-32. [PMID: 2064495] sustained-releaseniacinin hypercholesterolemia.controlled trialofwax-matrix Keenan JM, Fontaine PL, Wenz JB, etal. Niacinrevisited. A randomized, Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

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08/08/12 ™ Nrf2 Activator Antioxidant Activity Antioxidant & Detoxification Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Antioxidant Support* »» Supports the Body’s Natural Response to Inflammation*

»» Supports the Body’s Natural Detoxification Pathways* Cell-Life Regulation

Nrf2 Activator™, developed by Dr. David Perlmutter, is an exclusive formula designed to activate the Nrf2 genetic pathway. This pathway regulates the production of important molecules that impart antioxidant activity, such as glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD). It also regulates the production of detoxification enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase, and downregulates signaling factors such as NF-ϰB. Each ingredient in this formula is backed by extensive research in peer- reviewed journals.* Cytokine Balance

Available in 30 capsules & 60 capsules

Discussion Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), a transcription factor in humans that involved in mitochondrial function as well as to modulate cholinergic is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, regulates the expression of a set neurotransmission and improve cognition.* of antioxidant and detoxifying genes, protecting the body from the ravages of oxidative stress-related conditions, including (but Curcumin’s array of biological activities stems from its cytokine- not limited to) those affecting the brain and nervous system. In an balancing activity, antioxidant properties, and induction of phase 2 unstressed state, Nrf2 is anchored in the cytoplasm by its specific detoxifying enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Purification inhibitor Keap1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1). Keap1 of curcumin yields the curcuminoids demethoxy curcumin (DMC) and Detoxification functions as a sensor for oxidants and electrophilic xenobiotics. In the bisdemethoxy curcumin (BDMC). DMC has been shown to induce presence of any of these substances, Keap1 gives up its inhibition HO-1 more effectively than curcumin. The ability of DMC and BDMC to of Nrf2. This action stabilizes Nrf2, allowing it to accumulate in the induce the expression of HO-1 and to translocate Nrf2 to the nucleus nucleus and bind to the antioxidant response element (ARE) located of pancreatic beta cells in mice suggests that they may play a role in the enhancers of its target genes. Under this circumstance, Nrf2 in cellular defense. Human studies showed a significant increase then upregulates a variety of antioxidant enzymes and detoxifying in curcumin absorption when co-administered with BioPerine®, a proteins.* patented black pepper extract.*

A variety of natural substances have been shown to activate Nrf2: Green Tea’s major polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Neurologic & Cognitive has been shown to induce expression of glutathione S-transferase, Sulforaphane (SGS), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived glutathione peroxidase, glutamate cysteine ligase, HO-1, and other from cruciferous vegetables, induces phase 2 cytoprotective enzymes, enzymes, thereby protecting a variety of cells, including cultured supporting the body’s response to oxidative stress and inflammation. neurons, against oxidative stress-induced cell death. EGCG modulates SGS may modify critical cysteine residues of Keap1, leading to Nrf2 the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which plays a key role stabilization and activation of the ARE and thereby inducing phase 2 in activating detoxifying enzyme HO-1 as well as other phase 2 enzymes. Research demonstrates that sulforaphane, through induction enzymes.* of Nrf2-dependent phase 2 enzymes, protects the brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury and may improve cognitive function when In summary, Nrf2 Activator is a promising approach to increasing administered following traumatic brain injury.* antioxidant defenses by transcriptionally increasing the activity of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and positively affecting the transcription Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring phenolic compound/analog of of inflammatory and antioxidant genes. Green tea, curcumin, and resveratrol that has comparatively better oral bioavailability, has resveratrol (pterostilbene) have also been shown to influence amyloid been shown to possess cytotoxic, cytokine-inhibiting, and antioxidant formation; this influence further increases the potential of this properties. Resveratrol has also been shown to increase the protein innovative formula.* and mRNA expression of Nrf2. There is evidence that Nrf2-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine induction could be partially responsible for resveratrol’s potential effect on cell-life regulation. In rat and animal studies, resveratrol/pterostilbene have been shown to upregulate a significant number of genes EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Detoxification Cytokine Balance Cell-Life Regulation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs)artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, use. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. shouldconsulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriorto receiving cancertreatment Children, women, pregnantandlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinnersor practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Size:2Capsules Serving Nrf2 Activator trans-Pterostilbene (pTeroPure 60% catechins,30%EGCG,6%caffeine) Green Tea AqueousExtract(Camelliasinensis)(leaf)(80%polyphenols, Turmeric Extract(Curcuma longa)(rhizome)(95%curcuminoids) (SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassicaoleraceaitalica)(seed) pTeroPure isatrademarkofChromaDex,Inc. 5,744,161; 5,972,382;and6,054,585. BioPerine isaregisteredtrademarkofSabinsaCorp.protectedbyUSpatents5,536,506; triglycerides. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica,andmedium-chain ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. Black PepperExtract(Pipernigrum)(fruit)(BioPerine ™ ) Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGSisatrademarkof 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505;

™ SupplementFacts ® ) ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnot intended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE Amount PerServing ® 400 mg 400 mg 100 mg Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. 60 mg 4 mg %DV ** ** ** ** ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Suppl:492S-499S. [PMID: 20234037] stress.JAmCollNutr.2009Aug;28 oxidative against neuroprotective agent gallate, neuronsandactsasaneffective induceshemeoxygenasein rat Romeo L. etal. The majorgreenteapolyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3- Sep;293(3):E645-55. [PMID: 17535857] inmousebeta-cells.pathway AmJPhysiolEndocrinolMetab. 2007 demethoxy curcuminoidsthroughNrf2byaPI3-kinase/Akt-mediated Pugazhenthi S., etal. ofhemeoxygenase-1expressionby Regulation 28;1282:133-41. [PMID: 19445907] focalischemia. brainsagainst and protectsrat BrainRes. 2009Jul Yang C, etal. transcriptionfactorNrf2, Curcuminupregulates HO-1expression Pharmacol. 2009May21;610(1-3):42-8[PMID: 19303406] acetylcholinesterase activityinstreptozotocin-induceddiabeticrats. EurJ R,Schmatz etal. deficitsandtheincreasein preventsmemory Resveratrol Res (PhilaPa). 2010Jun;3(6):753-63. Epub2010May25. [PMID: 20501860] hepatocarcinogenesis. rat response indiethylnitrosamine-initiated CancerPrev Bishayee A, etal. stressandinflammatory suppressesoxidative Resveratrol 20082988] disease. ParkinsonismRelatDisord. 2009Dec;15Suppl3:S189-94[PMID: Beal MF. inParkinson’s tomitochondrialdysfunction approaches Therapeutic 20439747] sulforaphane. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA. 2010May25;107(21):9590-5. [PMID: Ahn YH, product Electrophilictuningofthechemoprotectivenatural 19515491] braininjury.traumatic NeurosciLett. 2009 Aug 28;460(2):103-7[PMID: Dash PK, etal. improvescognitivefunctionadministeredfollowing Sulforaphane [PMID: 20417626] through inductionofNrf2-dependentphase2enzyme. BrainRes. 2010 24.Apr Ping Z, etal. hypoxic-ischemicinjury protectsbrainsagainst Sulforaphane 20050972] Alzheimer’s disease. JNeurochem. 2010Mar;112(6):1415-30[PMID: Kim J, etal. occurringphytochemicalsforthepreventionof Naturally http://www.bioperine.com/curcumin.html {Accessed10November10} 474 common cytotoxic therapies. CancerChemotherPharmacol(2010)66:467- cell defenseinsomehumancancerlines, resultinginresistanceto Hu L, etal. chemopreventivemoleculescanincreaseNrf2-regulated Putative P1-1). JEnzymeInhibMedChem. 2009Feb;24(1):287-95. [PMID: 18825537] S-transferase(GST intotheirinteractionwithglutathione docking investigation Artali R, inchemopreventionofcancer: Greenteacatechins amolecular 18424257] epithelial cells. Arch. BiochemBiophys 2008 Aug 15;476(2):171-7[PMID: ofPI3KandERKinhuman mammary enzyme expressionviaactivation Na HK, etal. antioxidant inducesNrf2-mediated gallate (-)-Epigallocatechin (Engl). 2009Jul20;122(14):1660-5. [PMID: 19719968] incoloncancercellsandBALB/cmice.epigallocatechin-3-gallate ChinMedJ Zhang ZM., etal. ofNRF2andUGT1Aexpressionby Modulation Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-219

08/12/13 OmegaPure 820™ Cardiovascular Support Essential Fatty Acids from Cold Water Fish Clinical Applications

» Supports Cardiovascular Health* » Supports Balanced Cytokine Production in Joints, Skin, and Other Tissues* Essential Fatty Acids Essential » Supports the Body’s “Cleanup” Response to the Inﬂ ammatory Cascade* » Supports Healthy Mental Functioning* » May Support TH1 and TH2 Balance* » Supports Healthy Glucose and Insulin Metabolism*

OmegaPure 820™ is an ultra-pure ﬁ sh oil sourced from Norway. This highly concentrated natural oil provides 820 mg of omega-3 essential

fatty acids per softgel. To assure maximum pureness and freshness, Neurologic & Cognitive the oil is stabilized with vitamin E (as mixed tocopherols), is molecularly distilled, and is independently verifi ed to be free of PCBs, heavy metals, and pesticides.* Available in 120 softgels Discussion At the same time as the media increases consumer awareness of The proprietary technologies used in the manufacture of OmegaPure the importance of fi sh oils, manufacturers face the challenge of 820 is in accordance with pharmaceutical standards that assure eliminating heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The safe, consistent fi sh oils. Furthermore, XYMOGEN requires regular industry-leading technologies used in the preparation of Arctic Oils® third-party testing to verify that OmegaPure 820 meets the stringent surpass the standards for environmental pollutants, including dioxins, standards we use for freshness, quality, and purity.[1] Cytokine Balance Support PCBs, pesticides, and heavy metals such as mercury. Despite aggressive marketing claims to the contrary, a recent OmegaPure™ oils are processed through special molecular distillation. publication by Oelrich et al reported that, of three fi sh oil formulations Molecular distillation is commonly used to purify and concentrate tested, there was no signifi cant difference in the effect on fi sh oils. In this process, the fi sh oil is broken down into its basic triglycerides.[2] The active therapy of the three fi sh oil supplementation molecular components and separated by molecular weight. Due to arms was 4 g/day of combined EPA and DHA provided as: a) 90% varying molecular weights, specifi c components can be removed triglyceride (TG) formulation (TG90), b) 60% TG formulation (TG60), from or concentrated in the oil. This ensures that contaminants can or c) ethyl esters (EE) (i.e., 0% TG). Furthermore, omega-3 fi sh oils be reduced to levels far below industry standards. It also allows the provided in an ethyl ester formulation tended to have a lower impact manufacturer to increase the concentration of active ingredients. on increasing LDL-cholesterol levels compared to omega-3 fi sh oils delivered in the triglyceride formulation.* Processing OmegaPure 820 begins with rigorous care and control of the starting raw materials (non-GMO sardines and anchovies) Research suggests it takes 2 g/day of DHA supplementation to assure optimum oil quality. The oils are distilled in a controlled, for a month to saturate the plasma and three to six months of pristine vacuum environment to minimize distillation temperatures. supplementation to saturate the tissues.[3] Concentrations increase The exposure time, even to these lower distillation temperatures, in breast milk within less than a week of DHA supplementation.[3] is tightly controlled and uniform, resulting in levels of impurities Research and studies provide evidence that omega-3 fatty acids well below the industry standards. The technology employed for the antagonize arachidonic acid-induced proinfl ammatory prostaglandin OmegaPure 820 meets special molecular distillation standards. As this formation, provide resolvins and protectins to aid the body’s “cleanup” oil is a concentrated source of omega-3 fatty acids, our manufacturer response to the infl ammatory cascade, promote neurological health goes above and beyond the traditional purifi cation methods to ensure and mental functioning, support a balanced immune response, and its safety. This is accomplished by: support healthy glucose and insulin metabolism.[4-13] Furthermore, supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of » A triple-phase molecular distillation purifi cation process EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary to maximize purity while concentrating the EPA and DHA heart disease.*[13-16] polyunsaturated fatty acids » Ensuring consistency in contaminant removal, and therefore purity levels, through uniform processing times » Reducing the evaporation stage to half the time of traditional systems to drive down the oxidative risk

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cytokine Balance Support Neurologic & Cognitive Essential Fatty Acids Cardiovascular Support children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry preservatives. shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifi cial sweeteners, or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take oneortwosoftgelstothreetimesdaily, orasdirectedby OmegaPure 820 © XYMOGEN † ‡ Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:2Softgels Serving EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Fish OilConcentrate Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) Contains: Fish(anchovyandsardine). Other Ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,purifi edwater, andnaturallemonoil. ** DailyValue notestablished. Calculated onanareapercentage basis. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ SupplementFacts Amount PerServing *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. 640 mg All XYMOGEN 20 IU 2.8 g 1 g 3 g 30 30 † † ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 67% 5% ** ** ** ‡ 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References Res. 2010Jul;30(7):447-54. [PMID: 20797476] adultmen.reduces cardiovasculardiseaseriskmarkersindyslipidemic Nutr Zhang J, Wang C, LiL, etal. Inclusion of Atlantic salmonintheChinese diet Thromb. 2012;19(2):194-204. [PMID: 22186099] EPA (JELIS).sub-analysis oftheJapan Study LipidIntervention JAtheroscler withstatins: treated diseaseinhypercholesterolemicpatients artery coronary diseaseandnon-HDL-C,artery andeffectofhighlypurifi ed EPA ontheriskof Sasaki J, Yokoyama M, M, Matsuzaki etal. betweencoronary Relationship 16919512] and cardiovascularrisk. Am JCardiol. 2006 Aug 21;98(4A):3i-18i. [PMID: Psota TL, GebauerSK, Kris-Etherton P. acidintake omega-3fatty Dietary disease. CardiolRev. 2010Sep-Oct;18(5):258-63. [PMID: 20699674] Weitz D, Weintraub H, Fisher E, etal. Fish ofcardiovascular oilforthetreatment [PMID:15746832] type 2diabetes: areview.Diet Assoc. JAm2005Mar;105(3):428-40. Nettleton JA, R. acidsin Katz fatty n-3long-chainpolyunsaturated Sep:64(4):396-408. [PMID:16277123] Eskimos: the Alaska Siberiaproject. IntJCircumpolarHealth. 2005 glucose toleranceandcomponentsofthemetabolicsyndromein Alaskan Ebbesson SO, RisicaPM, EbbessonLO, etal. acidsimprove Omega-3fatty Med. 1999 Aug;31(4):282-87. [PMID: 10480759] Kankaanpaa P, Sutas Y, SalminenS, etal. acidsandallergy. fatty Dietary Ann .Psychiatry 2006Jan;188:46-50. [PMID: 16388069] bipolar depression: randomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlledstudy. BrJ Frangou S, LewisM, McCroneP. Effi cacy acidin ofethyl-eicosapentaenoic 10.5507/bp.2011.052. [PMID: 22286806] Med Fac UnivPalacky OlomoucCzechRepub. 2011Sep;155(3):195-218. doi: inhumanhealthanddisease.physiological rolesandapplications BiomedPap their roleinhumanmetabolism, healthanddisease: areview. part2: acid fatty Kremmyda LS, Tvrzicka E, StankovaB, etal. Fatty acidsasbiocompounds: . OtherLipidMediat Prostaglandins 2012Mar;97(3-4):73-82. [PMID: 22326554] mediators: Towards anunderstandingofresolvinandprotectinformation. Weylandt KH, ChiuCY, GomolkaB, etal. acidsandtheirlipid Omega-3fatty Neurol. 2006 Apr;65(4):326-31. [PMID: 16531187] tononsteroidalanti-inflalternative drugsfordiscogenicpain. ammatory Surg Maroon JC, BostJW. acids(fi Omega-3fatty sh oil)asananti-infl ammatory: an calorie restriction. LifeSci.2006 18;78(21):Apr 2523-32. [PMID: 16438990] Kim YJ, KimHJ, NoJK, etal. Anti-infl fi actionofdietary ammatory sh oiland Jan;124(1):248-55. [PMID: 15654981] in keratinocytes andUVB-inducedIL-8infi. brolasts. JInvestDermatol 2005 docosahexaenoic acidreduceUVB-and TNF alpha-inducedIL-8secretion Storey A, McArdleF, Friedmann PS, etal. acidand Eicosapentaenoic 1476S. Review. [PMID: 16841856] acidsinhumans.of n-3fatty AmJClinNutr. 2006Jun;83(6Suppl):1467S- Arterburn LM, HallEB, OkenH. Distribution, interconversion, anddoseresponse 21924882] adults. NutrMetabCardiovascDis. 2011Sep15. Epubaheadofprint. [PMID: triglycerides, LDLcholesterolandsubfractionsinhypertriglyceridemic Oelrich B, Dewell A, GardnerCD. Effectoffi onserum sh oilsupplementation uponrequest. Assays available Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 06/22/12 (RV) DRS-199 OmegaPure DHA™ Cytokine Balance Support Essential Fatty Acids from Coldwater Fish Clinical Applications

» Supports Early Brain Development* » Supports Brain Structure and Function Throughout the Lifespan*

» Supports a Natural, Healthy Response to Inﬂ ammation* Fatty Acids Essential » Supports Eye Health* » Processed and Puriﬁ ed According to International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS)* » Third-Party Tested for Freshness, Purity, and Safety*

OmegaPure DHA™, a coldwater ﬁ sh-derived oil containing highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is a molecularly distilled, antioxidant-stabilized, third-party tested formula. DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid that physicians often recommend to support healthy pregnancy

and lactation, and to support brain development and function in the fetus Neurologic & Cognitive and infant. Throughout the life span, DHA may support healthy brain structure and function, immune and eye health, and the natural response to infl ammation.* Available in 60 softgels Discussion DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a conditionally essential omega-3 fatty healthy middle-aged community volunteers (ages 35-54) investigated acid, is highly concentrated in mitochondria, synaptosomes of the the association between omega-3 fatty acids (ALA, EPA, and DHA) brain, the cerebral cortex, and the photoreceptors of the retina. It plays in serum phospholipids and fi ve major dimensions of cognitive an important role in the fl uidity and permeability of cell membranes functioning. Higher DHA levels were signifi cantly associated with and cellular communication, and is vital to the optimal function of the better performance in the areas of nonverbal reasoning, mental brain, eyes, heart, and immune system.[1,2] Conversion of the essential fl exibility, working memory, and vocabulary. Neither ALA nor EPA was omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) related to any of the fi ve dimensions tested.[8] DHA may also play a and then to DHA can be ineffi cient, making EPA and DHA conditionally role in memory formation throughout a person’s lifetime.[9] Current essential. It is estimated that only a small percentage of ALA ultimately research has focused on the DHA-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) gets converted to DHA.[3] and its role in the health and maintenance of brain cells. NPD1— an important mediator produced from DHA through the action of Neurological and Brain Health DHA is the most abundant structural 15-lipoxygenase-1—appears to have a positive effect on neurotrophic fatty acid in the brain and nervous system and plays a vital role in cell signaling, normal cell-life cycles, and the healthy response to prenatal and postnatal brain development. The fetus and developing infl ammation. DHA and NPD1 appear to play a regulatory role in beta- infant are dependent on exogenous sources due to a limited ability to amyloid neurobiology as well.*[10] convert ALA into long-chain omega-3 EPA and DHA.[4] Preformed DHA is transferred directly from mother to fetus and is passed to infants via Eye Health and Immune Health DHA is recognized for developing mother’s milk. Pregnant and nursing women are advised to consume and maintaining eye health and function during early life. Optimal at least 2.6 g of omega-3 fatty acids and 100-300 mg of DHA per retinal and visual cortex maturation were understood to depend day in order to meet the needs of fetus or infant.[4] Research suggests upon dietary DHA during development, and visual acuity and mental that DHA-supplemented and breast-fed infants score signifi cantly development were “seemingly improved by extra DHA.”[5] A double- better on mental and psychomotor development tests, and that masked randomized trial of 244 healthy formula-fed infants suggests essential fatty acids and DHA may support normal activity levels and that visual acuity is signifi cantly improved with DHA supplementation learning capacity during preschool years.[4,5] A study of 229 infants at 0.32% of total fatty acids.[11] DHA is concentrated in the in three randomized controlled trials suggested that a dose of 0.36% photoreceptors of the retina, is required for the functional integrity of of total fatty acids as DHA (a concentration representative of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and may play an ongoing role in breast milk) contributed to favorable problem-solving performance, eye health and function throughout life.[1,9] Studies on human RPE cells a parameter found to correlate with later IQ and vocabulary suggest that NPD1 orchestrates cell-protective mechanisms (including development.*[6] inhibition of caspase-3 activation COX-2 expression), and thus promotes a healthy response to oxidative stress and infl ammation.[9,12] It is purported that aging is associated with decreased brain levels Research suggests that DHA’s effects play a role in immune system of DHA,[5] and supplementation may be benefi cial throughout the balance and health as well.[13,14] lifespan. Researchers propose that DHA may play a role in maintaining myelin and neuronal health, supporting a normal healthy response OmegaPure DHA is a highly concentrated, pure form of DHA designed to infl ammation (especially in the brain), and exerting pleiotropic to support brain, eye, and overall health and well-being.* effects to support healthy metabolism and aging.[7] A study of 280

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Essential Fatty Acids Cytokine Balance Support STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry ingredient. are takingabloodthinner. Keepoutofreachchildren. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyou preservatives. shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifi cial sweeteners, or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onetotwosoftgelswithwater orasdirectedbyyour OmegaPure DHA © XYMOGEN † EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) Fish OilConcentrate Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:2Softgels Serving Contains: Fish(tuna,sardine,anchovy). Other Ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,andpurifi edwater. ** DailyValue notestablished. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ SupplementFacts Amount PerServing *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. 120 mg 1.16 g All XYMOGEN 1.2 IU 2 g 2 g 20 20 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 4% 3% ** ** ** † 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 2011 Nov30. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 22137266] adipocytes-specifi c differentialeffectsbetweenLCn-3PUFA. JNutrBiochem. inflmacrophage-induced andimprovesinsulinsensitivityin ammation Oliver E, FC, McGillicuddy HarfordKA, etal. Docosahexaenoicacidattenuates 2012;18(16):2375-92. [PMID: 22390701] Acids inthePreventionof Allergic andCardiovascularDisease. CurrPharmDes . van denElsenL, GarssenJ, Willemsen L. Fatty LongChainn-3Polyunsaturated Lipid Res. 2010 Aug;51(8):2018-31. Review. [PMID: 20382842] bydocosahexaenoicacid-derivedneuroprotectinD1.cell renewalmediated J Bazan NG, CalandriaJM, SerhanCN. Rescueandrepairduringphotoreceptor 59. [PMID: 20130095] levelofdocosahexaenoicacid.the dietary AmJClinNutr.2010Apr;91(4):848- controlled clinicalofinfantvisualacuityasafunction trialofthematuration Measurement ofNeuralDevelopment)Study: adouble-masked, randomized Birch EE, CarlsonSE, HoffmanDR, etal. The DIAMOND(DHAIntakeand Dec;138(12):2510-4. Review. [PMID: 19022980] Lukiw WJ, BazanNG. brain. Docosahexaenoic acidandtheaging JNutr. 2008 Apr;15(2):159-66. Review. [PMID: 15912889] stress. oxidative cellinjury-induced BrainPatholbrain andretinaagainst . 2005 Bazan NG. NeuroprotectinD1(NPD1): protects that aDHA-derivedmediator 2010 Apr;140(4):848-53. [PMID: 20181791] withcognitivefunctioningduringmiddleadulthood.JNutr. acid isassociated Muldoon MF, CM, Ryan SheuL, etal. Serumphospholipidsdocosahexaenonic 2010 Dec;68Suppl2:S102-11. Review. [PMID: 21091943] Cole GM, MaQL, Frautschy brain. SA. acidsandtheaging fatty NutrRev. Dietary [PMID: 19765006] problem solvingin9-month-olds. ChildDev. 2009Sep-Oct;80(5):1376-84. Fatty of earlylong-chainpolyunsaturated onmeans-end Acid supplementation Drover J, HoffmanDR, Castañeda YS, etal. Three randomized controlledtrials 16770950] acids.fatty NutrRev. 2006May;64(5Pt2):S24-33;discussionS72-91. [PMID: Uauy R, Dangour AD. Nutritioninbraindevelopmentandaging: roleofessential Mar;72(3):239-42. Review. [PMID: 15812120] Singh M. acids, Essentialfatty DHAandhumanbrain. IndianJPediatr. 2005 Vitam NutrRes. 1998;68(3):159-73. Review. [PMID: 9637947] acid(20:5n-3)anddocosahexaenoic(22:6n-3)?IntJ eicosapentaenoic Gerster H. convertalpha-linolenicacid(18:3n-3)to Canadultsadequately benefi ts throughoutlife. AdvNutr. 2012Jan;3(1):1-7. [PMID: 22332096] Swanson D, BlockR, MousaSA. acidsEPA Omega-3fatty andDHA: health 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 06/04/12 (RV) DRS-236 OmegaPure EFA™ Cardiovascular Support Essential Fatty Acid Blend Clinical Applications

»» Helps Ensure an Adequate and Balanced Fatty Acid Intake*

»» Supports the Body’s “Cleanup” Response to the Inflammatory Cytokine Balance Support Cascade* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health* »» Promotes Healthy Skin* »» Supports a Healthy Nervous System*

OmegaPure EFA™ provides a blend of omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) essential fatty acids, as well as omega-9

(oleic acid) fatty acids. Flaxseed oil, borage oil, and XYMOGEN’s Fatty Acids Essential exclusive Arctic Oils® ultra-pure fish oil provide this nature-reflective balance of fatty acids that support healthy eicosanoid metabolism and Available in 60 softgels cardiovascular health.* Discussion OmegaPure EFA provides a multi-source option for practitioners with immune-related changes that affect their skin or joints.[6,9] It is seeking a fatty acid supplement that reflects a healthful diet. Unlike also important to note that the metabolites of GLA play significant other formulas that deliver fatty acids from a sole source, this formula roles in nerve membrane structure, nerve blood flow, and nerve delivers the benefits of flaxseed oil, borage oil, and fish oil in one conduction.[10] Furthermore, because oils high in GLA (such as evening convenient supplement. primrose and borage) lead to the formation of PGE1, they have also been used to support female health, especially the common effects of Flaxseed Oil is derived from the seeds of the flax plant Linum( hormonal fluctuations. With regard to safety, the borage seed oil used Female Health usitatissimum), and it is an excellent source of alpha-linolenic in XYMOGEN’s OmegaPure EFA does not contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids acid (ALA). It contains 50% to 60% omega-3 fatty acids from ALA, (PAs).* as well as omega-6 fatty acids from linoleic acid and omega-9 fatty acids from oleic acid. The body converts a portion of ALA into Fish Oil contains EPA and DHA, two important omega-3 fatty acids. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the Research and studies provide evidence that omega-3 fatty acids omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. Flaxseed oil is thought to be antagonize arachidonic acid-induced proinflammatory prostaglandin beneficial for the health of the intestinal lining. For instance, animal formation, provide resolvins and protectins to aid the body’s “cleanup” studies demonstrate that ALA from vegetable sources seems to response to the inflammatory cascade, promote neurological health

soothe the inner lining of the intestines and support the health of and mental functioning, support a balanced immune response, and Neurologic & Cognitive intestinal cells.[1,2] Consumption of dietary ALA is also associated with support healthy glucose and insulin metabolism.[11-15] Furthermore, cardiovascular health; mechanisms may relate to ALA’s effect on supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA platelet aggregation and the deformability of erythrocyte cells.*[3,4] and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic patients treated with statins.*[15] Oleic acid is commonly found in vegetable oils, especially olive. Consumption of oleic acid (omega-9) is believed to benefit human The production of OmegaPure EFA fish oil complies with Good health by replacing saturated fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), which require evaluation of oil and by supporting greater conversion of ALA to longer-chain n-3 identity, strength, purity, and composition. Each lot of oil must polyunsaturated fatty acids. The result of this conversion is thought to be accompanied by a certificate of analysis and must follow the positively influence health, especially cardiovascular health.*[5] Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) voluntary monograph for fish oil, which demands strict limits on environmental contaminants, Borage Seed Oil contains 20% to 26% gamma-linolenic acid including polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs), dioxins, and (GLA)—an omega-6 fatty acid. In fact, it provides two to three times heavy metals. OmegaPure EFA fish oil is also subjected to testing more GLA than evening primrose oil.[6] Studies have demonstrated before, during, and after manufacture, including analysis by gas that dietary GLA increases the content of its metabolite dihomo- chromatographs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet/ gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) within cell membranes without spectrophotometry, and wet analysis methods. Compliance with concomitant changes in arachidonic acid. Upon stimulation, DGLA all laws including Proposition 65 is an integral part of this rigorous can subsequently be converted into the beneficial 15-(S)-hydroxy- manufacturing process. 8,11,13-eicosatrienoic acid and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1).[7,8] For such effects, high-dose borage oil or GLA has been used in certain patients

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Female Health Essential Fatty Acids Cytokine Balance Support Cardiovascular Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry or preservatives. products, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinners practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeldaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare OmegaPure EFA™ SupplementFacts Borage SeedOil Organic FlaxseedOil † Fish Oil acetate) Vitamin E(asdl-alphatocopheryl Cholesterol PolyunsaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:1Softgel Serving Contains: Fish(anchovy, mackerel,sardine) Other Ingredients:Gelatin,vegetableglycerin,mixednaturaltocopherols,andpurifiedwater. ** DailyValue notestablished Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Omega-9 -OleicAcid(14-20%) Omega-6 -GammaLinolenicAcid(GLA)19% Omega-6 -LinoleicAcid(35%-42%) Typical FattyAcidProfile: Omega-9 -OleicAcid(11-19%) Omega-6 -LinoleicAcid(11-18%) Omega-3 -Alpha-LinolenicAcid(ALA)(45-58%) Typical FattyAcidProfile: Other FattyAcids DHA (docosahexaenoicacid)(17-20%) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid)(26.5%-30%) provides 200mgofTotal Omega-3FattyAcidscomprisingof:

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount perserving All XYMOGEN 400 mg 400 mg 400 mg <5 mg 0.5 g 5 IU ® 1 g 10 10 FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards.

%Daily Value

17% 2% 2% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** †

11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 15. 14. 13. 12.

22326554] Prostaglandins OtherLipidMediat. 2012Mar;97(3-4):73-82. [PMID: mediators: Towards anunderstandingofresolvinandprotectinformation. Weylandt KH, ChiuCY, GomolkaB, etal. acidsandtheirlipid Omega-3fatty in diabetes. Diabetes. 1997Sep;46Suppl2:S90-93. [PMID: 9285506] Horrobin DF. function ofimpairednerve acidsinthemanagement Essentialfatty 8214997] gammalinolenic acid. AnnInternMed. 1993Nov1;119(9):867-73. [PMID: Leventhal LJ, EG, Boyce ZurierRB. Treatment arthritiswith of rheumatoid Ann NutrMetab. 1996;40(2):99-108. [PMID: 8773734] acidcompositionandthesynthesisofeicosanoidsinrats.phospholipid fatty Quoc KP, Pascaud M. gamma-linolenicacidonthetissue Effectsofdietary health andnutrition.JNutr. 1998Sep;128(9):1411-14. [PMID: 9732298] Fan YY, RS. Chapkin gamma-linolenicacidin human Importanceofdietary Nutrition. 2010Jul-Aug;26(7-8):708-18. [PMID:20579590] Foster RH, G, Hardy RG. dermatitis.Alany ofatopic oilinthetreatment Borage in diseaseprevention. Lipids. 2004Dec;39(12):1223-31. [PMID: 15736919] Wahle KW, CarusoD, OchoaJJ, etal. ofcellsignaling Oliveoilandmodulation Jul 13;313(7049):84-90. [PMID: 8688759] heart diseaseinmen: intheUnitedStates. upstudy cohortfollow BMJ. 1996 Ascherio A, RimmEB, GiovannucciEL, etal. andriskofcoronary fat Dietary stroke. Stroke. 2002 Aug;33(8):2086-93. [PMID: 12154268] Iso H, S, Sato UmemuraU, etal. Linoleicacid, acids, otherfatty andtheriskof Cancer. 1994 15;73(8):2069-75.Apr [PMID: 7908858] perillaoilhighinalpha-linolenicacidananimalmodel.amount ofdietary Narisawa T, Fukaura Y, Yazawa K, etal. Coloncancerpreventionwithasmall 1995 Nov;30Suppl8:98-101. [PMID: 8563904] acidinexperimentalCrohn’s fatty polyunsaturated disease. JGastroenterol. Shoda R, K, Matsueda Yamato S, etal. efficacyTherapeutic ofN-3 Thromb. 2012;19(2):194-204. [PMID: 22186099] EPA (JELIS).sub-analysis oftheJapan Study LipidIntervention JAtheroscler withstatins: treated diseaseinhypercholesterolemicpatients artery coronary diseaseandnon-HDL-C,artery andeffectofhighlypurifiedEPA ontheriskof Sasaki J, Yokoyama M, M, Matsuzaki etal. betweencoronary Relationship Sep:64(4):396-408. [PMID: 16277123] Eskimos: the Alaska Siberiaproject. IntJCircumpolar Health. 2005 glucose toleranceandcomponentsofthemetabolicsyndromein Alaskan Ebbesson SO, RisicaPM, EbbessonLO, etal. acidsimprove Omega-3fatty .Psychiatry 2006Jan;188:46-50. [PMID: 16388069] bipolar depression: randomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlledstudy. BrJ Frangou S, LewisM, McCroneP. Efficacy acidin ofethyl-eicosapentaenoic doi: 10.5507/bp.2011.052. [PMID: 22286806] Med FacUnivPalackyOlomoucCzechRepub. 2011Sep;155(3):195-218. inhumanhealthanddisease.physiological rolesandapplications BiomedPap their roleinhumanmetabolism, healthanddisease: areview. part2: acid fatty Kremmyda LS, Tvrzicka E, StankovaB, etal. Fatty acidsasbiocompounds: Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev.

DRS-209 12/13/12 OmegaPure EPA™ Cardiovascular Support High Concentrate EPA Clinical Applications

» Support for manufacture of prostaglandins* » Support for healthy cell membranes* Essential Fatty Acids Essential » Support for cardiovascular system* » Support for healthy cognition/mood/behavior*

This ultra pure, molecularly distilled oil from anchovies and sardines contains one of the highest concentrations of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) available, with one softgel meeting the ISSFAL recommendation of 650mg omega-3 per day. EPA is a conditionally essential fatty acid. OmegaPure EPA, like all of XYMOGEN’s OmegaPure oils, is third- party tested for purity and freshness.* Neurologic & Cognitive

Available in 60 softgels Discussion Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long chain omega-3 fatty acid. Organization (WHO), as well as the most stringent current standard, Although EPA does not signifi cantly affect clotting factors, it does the International Fish Oils Standard (IFOS). The oil is molecularly reduce blood viscosity [1] and blood triglycerides.[2] The fi nding of a distilled under vacuum. Independent third party testing confi rms low incidence of acute myocardial infarction among native Greenland freshness, purity, and safety.* Eskimos launched interest in EPA in the 1970’s.[3] EPA is a precursor for the platelet aggregation inhibitor, prostaglandin-3, and for the eicasonoids, thromboxane-3 and leukotriene-5. It competes with arachadonic acid for inclusion in the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways.*[4]

There is some evidence that EPA supplementation beneﬁ ts mental health, perhaps due to its healthful effect upon membrane ﬂ uidity. Studies showing improvement in mood and behavior have not only demonstrated the effectiveness of 1-2 grams of EPA alone or with standard treatment, but have demonstrated superiority in the effectiveness of the ethyl form, which is identical to the form contained in OmegaPure EPA.*[5]

An eight-week placebo-controlled study with 500mg three times daily of ethyl-EPA showed a modest reduction in the number of daily menopausal hot ﬂ ashes.[6] A similarly designed study showed improvement in menopausal-related poor mood.[7]Whether or not supplementation with EPA inhibits lipolysis is not clear; yet, it has been shown to reduce weight loss in cachetic patients. However, this is possibly due to attenuation of the degradation of skeletal muscle.*[8]

Besides its presence in breast milk, algae, and the vegetable, purslane, this polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is mostly available through consumption of fatty ﬁ sh (such as sardines and anchovies) and/or their oils, the sources for OmegaPure EPA. This fatty acid may also be obtained by the conversion of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), although conversion is generally inefﬁ cient.*

XYMOGEN’s OmegaPure EPA is processed under strictly controlled conditions according to the acceptable published standards of the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) and the World Health

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Essential Fatty Acids Cardiovascular Support OmegaPure EPA © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry of reachchildren. pregnant, usingblood-thinningherbsordrugs, surgery. oranticipating Keepout CAUTION: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuseespeciallyifyouare products,dairy artifi cial colors, sweeteners, orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy shellfi sh, healthcare practitioner. daily, onetotwosoftgelswithwater DIRECTIONS: Swallow orasdirectedbyyour Serving Size:1Softgel Serving Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Contains: Fish(anchovy, sardine). Other Ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,purifi edwater, andmixednaturaltocopherols. ** Dailyvaluenotestablished. * Percent DailyValue basedona2,000caloriediet. DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Fish OilConcentrate ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue* Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 660 mg 30 mg 1 g 1 g 9 9 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 2% ** ** ** 8. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 305. Epub2004May28. [PMID: 15168125] Tisdale MJ. Cancercachexia. LangenbecksArch Surg.2004Aug;389(4):299- Feb;89(2):641-51. Epub2008Dec30[PMID: 19116322] blind, placebo-controlled, randomizedclinical trial. AmJClinNutr. 2009 women:distress anddepressivesymptomsinmiddle-aged adouble- Lucas M, etal. ofpsychological acidforthetreatment Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic Mar-Apr;16(2):357-66 [PMID: 19034052] a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomizedclinical trial. Menopause. 2009 onhotflsupplementation women: ashes andqualityoflifeamongmiddle-aged Lucas M, etal. acid acidomega-3fatty Effectsofethyl-eicosapentaenoic Feb;29(1):49-58. [PMID: 12640327] Colin A, [Lipids, depressionandsuicide].Encephale. 2003Jan- 21226266] acid].eicosapentaenoic NipponRinsho. 2011Jan;69(1):87-91. [PMID: Sakamoto Y, NodeK. [Anti-atherosclerotic effectoffi and brates Med.Minerva 1997Sep;88(9):343-53. [PMID: 9411311] Ponte E, D, Cafagna BalbiM. acids]. [Cardiovasculardiseaseandomega-3fatty 20683463] women. EurJClinNutr. 2010Oct;64(10):1179-85. Epub2010 Aug 4[PMID: liverdisease:alcoholic fatty menand inJapanese across-sectionalstudy J,Oya Nakagami T, etal. acidsandnon- fatty Intakeofn-3polyunsaturated human subjects. Atherosclerosis. 1983Mar;46(3):321-31. [PMID: 6303363] function,acid onplatelet bloodviscosityandredcelldeformabilityinhealthy Terano T, etal. ofhighlypurifi Effectoforaladministration ed eicosapentaenoic Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 07/30/12 (RV) DRS-243 OmegaPure™ Fish Oils Cardiovascular Support Essential Fatty Acids from Cold-Water Fish Clinical Applications

»» Supports Cardiovascular Health* »» Supports Balanced Cytokine Production in Joints, Skin, and Other Tissues* Cytokine Balance Support »» Supports the Body’s “Cleanup” Response to the Inflammatory Cascade* »» Supports Healthy Mental Functioning* »» May Support TH1 and TH2 Balance* »» Supports Healthy Glucose and Insulin Metabolism*

OmegaPure 300 EC™, OmegaPure 600 EC™, and OmegaPure 780 EC™ are among XYMOGEN®’s exclusive line of pharmaceutical grade, enteric-coated, ultra-pure ArticOils® fish oils. These molecularly-distilled oils provide the respective milligrams of omega-3 essential fatty acids per softgel, permitting dose flexibility. To ensure purity, every batch is Fatty Acids Essential assayed for heavy-metal contamination.* OmegaPure 300 EC™ is available in 90 softgels & 270 softgels OmegaPure 600 EC™ is available in 60 softgels & 120 softgels OmegaPure 780 EC™ is available in 120 softgels Discussion At the same time as the media increases consumer awareness of » Ensuring consistency in contaminant removal, and therefore purity the importance of fish oils, manufacturers face the challenge of levels, through uniform processing times eliminating heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The » Reducing the evaporation stage to half the time of traditional ® industry-leading technologies used in the preparation of Arctic Oils systems to drive down the oxidative risk Neurologic & Cognitive surpass the standards for environmental pollutants, including dioxins, PCBs, pesticides, and heavy metals such as mercury. The proprietary technologies used in the manufacture of OmegaPure oils are in accordance with pharmaceutical standards that assure OmegaPure™ oils are processed through special molecular distillation. safe, consistent fish oils. Furthermore, XYMOGEN requires regular Molecular distillation is commonly used to purify and concentrate third-party testing to verify that OmegaPure oils meet the stringent fish oils. In this process, the fish oil is broken down into its basic standards we use for freshness, quality, and purity.[1] molecular components and separated by molecular weight. Due to varying molecular weights, specific components can be removed Despite aggressive marketing claims to the contrary, a recent from or concentrated in the oil. This ensures that contaminants can publication by Oelrich et al reported that, of the three formulations be reduced to levels far below industry standards. It also allows the tested, there was no significant difference in the effect on manufacturer to increase the concentration of active ingredients. triglycerides.[2] The active therapy of the three fish oil supplementation For example, an 18:12 oil can be concentrated through molecular arms was 4 g/day of combined EPA and DHA provided as: a) 90% distillation to produce a 30:20 product, as in the case of OmegaPure triglyceride (TG) formulation (TG90), b) 60% TG formulation (TG60), 600 EC. or c) ethyl esters (EE) (i.e., 0% TG). Furthermore, omega-3 fish oils provided in an ethyl ester formulation tended to have a lower impact Processing all three fish oil formulas begins with rigorous care and on increasing LDL-cholesterol levels compared to omega-3 fish oils control of the starting raw materials (non-GMO sardines, mackerel, delivered in the triglyceride formulation.* anchovies) to assure optimum oil quality. The oils are distilled in a controlled, pristine vacuum environment to minimize distillation Research suggests it takes 2 g/day of DHA supplementation temperatures. The exposure time, even to these lower distillation for a month to saturate the plasma and three to six months of temperatures, is tightly controlled and uniform, resulting in levels supplementation to saturate the tissues.[3] Concentrations increase of impurities well below the industry standards. The technology in breast milk within less than a week of DHA supplementation.[3] employed for the OmegaPure 600 EC and 700 EC meets special Research and studies provide evidence that omega-3 fatty acids molecular distillation standards. As this oil is a concentrated source antagonize arachidonic acid-induced proinflammatory prostaglandin of omega-3 fatty acids, our manufacturer goes above and beyond formation, provide resolvins and protectins to aid the body’s “cleanup” the traditional purification methods to ensure its safety. This is response to the inflammatory cascade, promote neurological health accomplished by: and mental functioning, support a balanced immune response, and support healthy glucose and insulin metabolism.[4-13] Furthermore, » A triple-phase molecular distillation purification process supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of to maximize purity while concentrating the EPA and DHA EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary polyunsaturated fatty acids heart disease.*[13-16]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Essential Fatty Acids Cytokine Balance Support Cardiovascular Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed ina cool, place. dry children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergic toany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitioner beforeuse. Keepout ofreach preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take oneortwosoftgelstothreetimesdaily, orasdirectedby OmegaPure 780EC STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, protein, soy products, dairy is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinners your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take oneortwosoftgelstothreetimesdaily, orasdirectedby OmegaPure 600EC STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry ingredient. are takingabloodthinner. Keepoutofreachchildren. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyou products, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take oneortwosoftgelstothreetimesdaily, orasdirectedby OmegaPure 300EC Contains: Fish(anchovy, sardine). Other Ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,purifiedwater, entericcoating,andnaturallemonoil. ** DailyValue notestablished. Contains: Fish(anchovy, mackerel,sardine) coating, andvanillin. Other Ingredients:Gelatin,vegetableglycerin,foodglaze,cellulose,purifiedwater, enteric ** Dailyvaluenotestablished. * Percent DailyValue basedona2,000caloriediet. OtherOmega-3FattyAcids Total EPA andDHA DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Fish Oil Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories † Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:2Softgels Serving † Fish OilConcentrate Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:2Softgels Serving Size:1Softgel Serving DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Fish OilConcentrate Vitamin E(asmixedtocopherols) DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Contains: Fish(anchovyandsardine). Other Ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,purifiedwater, entericcoating,andnatural lemonoil. ** DailyValue notestablished. Percent DailyValue basedona2,000caloriediet. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ ™ ™ SupplementFacts SupplementFacts SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 300 mg 660 mg 900 mg 50 mg 10 IU 20 IU 2.8 g 1 g 1 g 10 10 3 g 30 30 480 mg 720 mg

20 IU 2.2 g 2.2 g 20 25 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards.

%Daily Value* %Daily Value %Daily Value 33% 67% 67% 2% 3% 5% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** † † 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Med. 1999 Aug;31(4):282-87. [PMID: 10480759] Kankaanpaa P, Sutas Y, SalminenS, etal. acidsandallergy. fatty Dietary Ann .Psychiatry 2006Jan;188:46-50. [PMID: 16388069] bipolar depression: randomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlledstudy. BrJ Frangou S, LewisM, McCroneP. Efficacy acidin ofethyl-eicosapentaenoic 10.5507/bp.2011.052. [PMID: 22286806] Med Fac UnivPalacky OlomoucCzechRepub. 2011Sep;155(3):195-218. doi: inhumanhealthanddisease.physiological rolesandapplications BiomedPap their roleinhumanmetabolism, healthanddisease: areview. part2: acid fatty Kremmyda LS, Tvrzicka E, StankovaB, etal. Fatty acidsasbiocompounds: . OtherLipidMediat Prostaglandins 2012Mar;97(3-4):73-82. [PMID: 22326554] mediators: Towards anunderstandingofresolvinandprotectinformation. Weylandt KH, ChiuCY, GomolkaB, etal. acidsandtheirlipid Omega-3fatty Neurol. 2006 Apr;65(4):326-31. [PMID: 16531187] drugsfordiscogenicpain. tononsteroidalanti-inflammatory Surg alternative Maroon JC, BostJW. acids(fishoil)asananti-inflammatory: an Omega-3fatty calorie restriction. LifeSci.2006 18;78(21):Apr 2523-32. [PMID: 16438990] Kim YJ, KimHJ, No JK, etal. fishoiland actionofdietary Anti-inflammatory Jan;124(1):248-55. [PMID: 15654981] in keratinocytes. andUVB-inducedIL-8infibrolasts.JInvestDermatol 2005 docosahexaenoic acidreduceUVB-and TNF alpha-inducedIL-8secretion Storey A, McArdleF, Friedmann PS, etal. acidand Eicosapentaenoic 1476S. Review. [PMID: 16841856] acidsinhumans.of n-3fatty AmJClinNutr. 2006Jun;83(6Suppl):1467S- Arterburn LM, HallEB, OkenH. Distribution, interconversion, anddoseresponse 21924882] adults. NutrMetabCardiovascDis. 2011Sep15. Epubaheadofprint. [PMID: triglycerides, LDLcholesterolandsubfractionsinhypertriglyceridemic Oelrich B, Dewell A, GardnerCD. onserum Effectoffishoilsupplementation uponrequest. Assays available Res. 2010Jul;30(7):447-54. [PMID: 20797476] adultmen.reduces cardiovasculardiseaseriskmarkersindyslipidemic Nutr Zhang J, Wang C, LiL, etal. Inclusion of Atlantic salmonintheChinesediet Thromb. 2012;19(2):194-204. [PMID: 22186099] EPA (JELIS).sub-analysis oftheJapan Study LipidIntervention JAtheroscler withstatins: treated diseaseinhypercholesterolemicpatients artery coronary diseaseandnon-HDL-C,artery andeffectofhighlypurifiedEPA ontheriskof Sasaki J, Yokoyama M, M, Matsuzaki etal. betweencoronary Relationship 16919512] and cardiovascularrisk. Am JCardiol. 2006 Aug 21;98(4A):3i-18i. [PMID: Psota TL, GebauerSK, Kris-EthertonP. acidintake omega-3fatty Dietary disease. CardiolRev. 2010Sep-Oct;18(5):258-63. [PMID: 20699674] Weitz D, Weintraub H, Fisher E, etal. Fish ofcardiovascular oilforthetreatment [PMID:15746832] type 2diabetes: areview..Diet Assoc 2005Mar;105(3):428-40. JAm Nettleton JA, R. acidsin Katz fatty n-3long-chainpolyunsaturated Sep:64(4):396-408. [PMID:16277123] Eskimos: the Alaska Siberiaproject. IntJCircumpolarHealth. 2005 glucose toleranceandcomponentsofthemetabolicsyndromein Alaskan Ebbesson SO, RisicaPM, EbbessonLO, etal. acidsimprove Omega-3fatty Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-139

11/06/12 OmegaPure Liquid™ Cardiovascular Support Convenient Form of Omega-3s Clinical Applications

» Supports Cardiovascular Health* » Supports the Body’s Natural Response to Healthy Inﬂ ammation* Essential Fatty Acids Essential » Supports Healthy Brain Development and Nervous System Function* » Supports Joint Comfort* » Supports Cellular Membranes*

OmegaPure Liquid™ is ultra-pure, molecularly distilled, and concentrated fi sh oil that delivers omega-3 essential fatty acids. It is provided in liquid form for convenient and fl exible dosing. Vitamin E Neurologic & Cognitive is added to preserve freshness. Omega-3 fats support cardiovascular, brain, and nervous system health, and a healthy response to infl ammation.* Available in 5 ounces (150 mL) Discussion Although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid leukotriene-5. It competes with arachidonic acid for inclusion in the (EPA) can be obtained by including cold-water fi sh in their diet, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways.*[13] many individuals restrict their fi sh consumption due to the possibility of contaminants. OmegaPure Liquid is sourced from sardines and anchovies. The supplier of the raw materials uses the most current and applicable industry-standard oil-removal methods including a true molecular distillation process and a fi nal refi ning process to ensure the effective removal of man-made pollutants such as PCBs, dioxins, and mercury. Independent third-party testing in an FDA-registered laboratory of each batch of XYMOGEN®s OmegaPure Liquid confi rms freshness, potency, purity, and safety. This oil meets the standards needed to comply with California Proposition 65’s most up-to-date list, which itemizes chemicals known to cause cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm and is published annually by the State of California Environmental Protection Agency.*

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a critical role in the normal development of the brain and central nervous system of the fetus and infant.[1] Functioning solely via cell membranes that attach them to phospholipid molecules, DHA and EPA are integral to numerous processes affecting membrane fl uidity and gene regulation. [2] DHA is the primary structural fatty acid in the brain’s gray matter (~ 40%) and the eye’s retina, and optimizes signal transmission in these organs and throughout the nervous system.[3] Low levels of this fatty acid have been associated with poor memory, impairment in the ability to recognize and comprehend written words, poor night vision, and other neurological dysfunction.[4, 5,6] Meta-analyses confi rm that DHA supports a healthy mood.[7] DHA also supports healthy immune system balance and the body’s healthy response to infl ammation.*[8,9]

EPA is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Although EPA does not signiﬁ cantly affect clotting factors, it does reduce blood viscosity[10] and blood triglycerides.[11] The low incidence of acute myocardial infarction among native Greenland Eskimos launched keen interest in EPA in the 1970s.[12] EPA is a precursor for the platelet aggregation inhibitor, prostaglandin-3, and for the eicosanoids, thromboxane-3 and

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Essential Fatty Acids Cardiovascular Support formula. maycausecloudiness;Refrigeration however, thiswillnotaffectthequalityof afteropening,STORAGE: Keeprefrigerated andoutofreachchildren. peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifi cial sweeteners, orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, dairy shellfi sh, is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinners drink,your favorite oruseasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Oncedaily, measureoneteaspoon(5mL)andconsume, addto OmegaPure Liquid © XYMOGEN Serving Size:1TeaspoonServing (5mL) Contains: Fish(anchovy, sardine,andmackerel). Other Ingredients:Sunfl oweroil,naturalorangefl avor(noMSG),andorganicstevialeafextract. ** DailyValue notestablished. * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) Total Omega-3FattyAcids Fish OilConcentrate acetate) Vitamin E(asd-alpha-tocopheryl PolyunsaturatedFat MonounsaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue* Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 828 mg 1.24 g 2.48 g 68 IU 4.6 g 1.5 g 3 g 5 g 45 45 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 227% 8% ** ** ** ** ** ** 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 21226266] acid. [Article inJapanese]. NipponRinsho. 2011Jan;69(1):87-91. [PMID: Sakamoto Y, NodeK. Anti-atherosclerotic effectoffi andeicosapentaenoic brates [Article inItalian]. Med. Minerva 1997Sep;88(9):343-53. [PMID: 9411311] Ponte E, D, Cafagna BalbiM. acids. Cardiovasculardiseaseandomega-3fatty women. EurJClinNutr. 2010Oct;64(10):1179-85. [PMID: 20683463] liverdisease:alcoholic fatty menand inJapanese across-sectionalstudy J,Oya Nakagami T, etal. acidsandnon- fatty Intakeofn-3polyunsaturated 31. [PMID: 6303363] deformability inhealthyhumansubjects. Atherosclerosis. 1983Mar;46(3):321- purifi function, acidonplatelet ed eicosapentaenoic bloodviscosityandredcell Terano T, Harai A, Hamazaki T, etal. ofhighly Effectoforaladministration Oct;1801(10):1107-14. [PMID: 20601112] ethanolamines withanti-infl properties.Biophys Acta. ammatory Biochim2010 acidareconvertedby3T3-L1adipocyteseicosapentaenoic toN-acyl Balvers MG, Verhoeckx KC, PlastinaP, etal. Docosahexaenoicacidand ScientifiJournal.c World 2010May4;10:818-31. [PMID: 20454764] Seki H, Sasaki T, Ueda T, etal. oftheimmunesystem. Resolvinsasregulators 2009 Oct;28(5):525-42. [PMID: 20439549] evidence fromameta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials. J Am CollNutr. indepression: acidsupplementation fatty omega-3 long-chainpolyunsaturated Martins JG. EPA toberesponsiblefortheeffi butnotDHAappears cacy of 2010 Aug 25. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 20740395] function oflutein, acids.Monbl Augenheilkd . zeaxanthinandmmega-3fatty Klin Schweigert FJ, ReimannJ. Micronutrientsandtheirrelevancefortheeye- acidsindyslexia.fatty JMedFood. 2007Dec;10(4):662-6. [PMID: 18158838] Lindmark L, CloughP. withlong-chainpolyunsaturated A 5-monthopenstudy [PMID: 20088810] andcognitivedecline.in aging Res. CurrAlzheimer 2010May1;7(3):190-6. Yurko-Mauro K. Cognitiveandcardiovascularbenefi ts ofdocosahexaenoicacid the brain. MolNeurobiol. 2011Jan29. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 21279554] Simopoulos AP. aspectsofdiet: Evolutionary and theomega-6/omega-3ratio acids. JCellPhysiol. 2011Jan;226(1):187-93.[PMID: 20648548] 1c mRNAexpressionbydocosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, andarachidonic M,Caputo ZirpoliH, Torino G, etal. ofUGT1A1andSREBP- Selectiveregulation learning, andmemory. NutrRev. 2011Mar;69(3):132-44. [PMID: 21348877] acids, onbrainfatty nutritionalrehabilitation malnutrition andpostnatal de Souza AS, Fernandes FS, Tavares doCarmoMG. Effectsofmaternal Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 08/06/12 (RV) DRS-251 ™ OncoMAR Cell-Life Regulation Patented Avemar® Fermented Wheat Germ Freeze-Dried Extract Standardized to Methoxy-Substituted Benzoquinones Clinical Applications »» Supports Cell Metabolic Regulation* »» Supports Immune System Modulation* »» Maintains Healthy Cellular and Humoral (Th1/Th2) Immune Balance* »» Promotes Optimal Natural Killer (NK) Cell Targeting Ability* »» Promotes Coordinated Response of Macrophages, B-Cells and T-Cells*

OncoMAR™ is made under the supervision of the original inventor of Avemar®, Maté Hidvegi, Ph.D. The development of Avemar fermented wheat germ extract has become the life’s work of Dr. Hidvegi. He was inspired to build upon the theories and experiments of Hungarian Nobel Prize winner, Dr. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi. Dr. Hidvegi’s patented processes yield a consistently effective standardized extract that has been extensively researched. Avemar has been the subject of over 100 studies in cell lines, with animals and clinical trials, reported in more than 30 articles in medical peer-reviewed journals.* Available in 30 packets (8 capsules per packet) and 30 powdered packets Discussion OncoMAR™’s dramatic effects are the result of at least six different Most people who use OncoMAR™ daily have reported within three mechanisms of action. The most unique mechanism is its ability to weeks they notice increased energy, improved appetite and a selectively inhibit non-oxidative glucose metabolism in cells that generally improved quality of life. However, depending upon the typically use glucose at a 10-50 times higher rate than normal cells.[1] individual case, results may vary.* The formula does not have any effect upon the glucose metabolism of healthy cells unless it is given at 50 times the recommended dose.[2] Two other mechanisms are its actions of inhibition of PARP (poly-ADP- ribose), an enzyme needed to repair DNA breaks,[3] and enhancement of Caspase-3, an enzyme that initiates apoptosis.*[4]

Research also demonstrates OncoMAR™ restores normal metabolic pathways of healthy cells and increases production of their related RNA and DNA, while reducing synthesis of these nucleic acids in abnormal cells.[5] Furthermore, OncoMAR™ assists the NK cells in identifying targets for attack by suppressing the abnormal cells’ ability to generate a surface molecule (“MHC-1”) used by these cells to mask themselves from the immune system.[6,7] OncoMAR™ optimizes the functioning of macrophages, T-cells and B-cells. It normalizes the imbalance of cellular and humoral (Th1/Th2) immune function that results from age and stress.[8,9,10] The formula also inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.*[11]

Dr. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, a 1937 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Medicine initiated development of this formula. His theory regarding the stabilization of cell metabolism with DMBQ (2,6-dimethoxy-p- benzoquinone), a naturally-occurring molecule, inspired Dr. Maté Hidvegi of Hungary to develop and patent the formula in 1989.*[12]

OncoMAR™ is FDA GRAS-certified. Each single-serving packet of capsules/powder of OncoMAR™ contain the same dose (5.5g) of the identical Avemar consumed and well-tolerated in numerous clinical trials. OncoMAR™ is used adjunctively to enhance standard protocols, or can be used by almost anyone as a stand-alone supplement for well-being. Hematological values remained within normal range after one, three, and five years of formula use.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cell-Life Regulation day. Donotconsume OncoMAR Store in a cool dry place,STORAGE: Storeinacooldry 41-79°F(5-26°C), outofreachchildren. sole sourceofnutrientsinthediet. oryeast.if youarehypersensitivetowheat This productisnotintendedtobethe © XYMOGEN of OncoMAR DIRECTIONS: supplementforadults,As adietary packet takeone8-capsule OncoMAR levels forchildren, andforguidanceonusingmorethan1OncoMAR or whilenursing. Consultwithahealthcareprofessionalforrecommendedusage CAUTIONS: Keepoutofreachchildren. Shouldnotbetakenduringpregnancy tree nuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Corn, soy, products, animalordairy fish, shellfish, peanuts, supplements. after food. drugsorotherdietary Consume2hoursbeforeoraftertakingany Contains: Wheat,gluten,andyeast. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ‡ Chromium Manganese Copper Zinc Magnesium Iron Protein Calories Size:1Packet(8capsules) Serving Wheat GermExtract(Triticum aestivum) Avemar Freeze-DriedFermented Potassium Molybdenum † Daily Value notestablished. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ SupplementFacts ™ perday. Bestabsorbedonanemptystomach, 1hourbeforeor ™ if you have hadanorganortissuetransplant, ifyouhave or *These statements have notbeenevaluatedbytheFood and DrugAdministration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 170 mg 26 mcg 0.1 mg

54 mg 7 mcg 3 mg 2 mg 1 mg 5.5 g 3 g 20 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ™ packetper % DailyValue 150% 13% 14% 35% 5% 6% 6% 6% 5% ‡ † 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 12.

germ extract Avemar. Exp. Biol. Med. 2005Feb;230:144-149 [PMID: 15673563] Illmer, C. etal. Immunologicandbiochemicaleffectsofthefermentedwheat Szeged University. Szeged, Hungary, 2000 meeting ofthe MedicalandPharmaceuticalCenterofthe Albert Szent-Györgyi Effect of andmicrovascularendothelialcells.Avemar onmacrophages Scientific Szeged, 1999. Genetics, BiologicalResearchCenteroftheHungarian Academy ofScience. Effects of Avemar ontheearlyeventsofimmuneresponse. Instituteof Research CenteroftheHungarian Academy ofScience. Szeged, 1999 and on TNF productionofimmunecells. Institute ofBiochemistry, Biological Studies oftheeffect Avemar ontumornecrosisfactorinducedcytotoxicity for MHCclass 1. CurrOpin. Immunol.199911:301-307 Lopez-Botet M, Bellon T. andinhibitionbyreceptors killercellactivation Natural Oncol 2002;20: 563-570 complexclasshistocompatibility Iproteinsintumor T andBcelllines. IntJ ofmajor Fermented anddownregulation germextractinducesapoptosis wheat cells. Pancreas. 2001 Aug;23(2):141-7. adenocarcinoma acidsynthesisinMIApancreatic butincreasesfatty formation Boros LG, etal. germextractdecreasesglucoseuptakeandRNAribose Wheat Hetil.cancer] Orv 2005Sep11;146(37):1925-31[PMID: 16255377] Farkas E. [Fermented ofcolorectal germextractinthesupportivetherapy wheat 46408-46414, 2002. [PMID: 12351627] inJurkat polymerase activation T-cell leukemiatumorcells. JBiolChem277: pentose cycle throughpoly(ADP-ribose) enzymesandinducesapoptosis Comin-Anduix B, etal. Fermented germextractinhibitsglycolysis/ wheat 17564907] germ.fermented wheat Int J Toxicol. 2007May-Jun;26(3):253-9[PMID: Heimbach JT, etal. Safetystudiesregardingastandardizedextractof Pancreas Aug 2001;23(2):141-7[PMID: 11484916] adenocarcinomacells. acidsynthesisinMIApancreatic but increasesfatty germextractdecreasesglucoseuptakeandRNAriboseformation Wheat and metastasisinexperimentalanimals. Anti-cancer Res. 199818:2353-2358 Hidvegi, M., etal. Effectof Avemar and Avemar +vitaminContumorgrowth Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-192

01/17/13 ™ OncoPLEX Antioxidant Activity Glucoraphanin Clinical Applications

»» Provides Concentrated Glucoraphanin from Broccoli Seed Extract »» Supports Healthy Cell-Life Cycles* »» Supports Phase II Detoxification Enzymes*

»» Supports Extended Antioxidant Activity* Cell-Life Regulation

SGS™ broccoli seed extract is obtained using a patented process to extract glucoraphanin (also known as sulforaphane glucosinolate or “sgs”) from its most concentrated cruciferous source—broccoli seeds. Glucoraphanin is enzymatically converted to the extensively researched isothiocyanate known as sulforaphane (SFN). Research suggests that SFN supports long-lasting antioxidant activity and the production of detoxification enzymes. It also extends support to the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems, addressing the maintenance of good health ™ throughout adult life. OncoPLEX provides 30 mg of glucoraphanin Cytokine Balance Support per capsule and OncoPLEX ES™ provides 100 mg of glucoraphanin per capsule.*

OncoPLEX™ is available in 30 capsules & 120 capsules OncoPLEX ES™ is available in 60 capsules

Discussion Glucoraphanin (also known as sulforaphane glucosinolate or studying the effects of various doses of glucoraphanin administered “sgs”) is a naturally occurring phytochemical found in cruciferous to study subjects, researchers suggest that there may be a dose- vegetables and in OncoPLEX™ formulas. Glucoraphanin, which is dependent association between glucoraphanin and antioxidant heat stable and water soluble, is metabolized in the body to the enzyme induction. Accordingly, a metabolically effective dose may biologically active isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN). Scientists at vary from tissue to tissue (e.g., upper airway, gastric mucosa, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine isolated sulforaphane mammary, etc.).[4,8] Detoxification in 1992 and identified glucoraphanin as its precursor. Since their discovery, over 500 scientific studies have been conducted on SFN Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 induces increased output of and glucoraphanin, documenting their positive effects on antioxidant specialized enzymes, an output that can extend antioxidant activity activity, detoxification, cellular metabolism, and cell-life regulation.[1-3] 72 hours or more. This is a significantly longer activity phase than Glucoraphanin and SFN appear to be the “missing link” that correlates direct antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables (from the Brassicaceae family) are able to promote.[2,6,9-11] Adequate antioxidant protection is crucial with good health. Glucoraphanin from food is enzymatically converted to maintaining the health and function of cells, tissues, and organs. to SFN via the action of the myrosinase enzyme during chewing and Because they assist in maintaining health throughout adult life, food preparation (cutting/slicing). Gastrointestinal microorganisms phytonutrients, such as glucoraphanin and SFN, are considered Immune System Support are able to produce SFN from glucoraphanin as well. Microorganism “lifespan essentials.”[12] conversion is an important contribution to SFN production as the myrosinase enzyme is easily inactivated by heat.*[4] Support for Cellular Health and Cell-Life Cycles Glucoraphanin and SFN are believed to play an important role in maintaining healthy Early research identified broccoli sprouts as a concentrated source gastrointestinal flora; healthy cellular life cycles; immune, eye, and of glucoraphanin.[5] It is present in much higher concentrations cardiovascular health; and a normal response to inflammation. in broccoli seeds and three-day–old broccoli sprouts than in the Sulforaphane’s induction of phase II enzymes, coupled with an mature vegetable.[6,7] One capsule of OncoPLEX provides 30 g of inhibitory effect on certain phase I enzymes, is considered to have glucoraphanin, which equates to approximately 0.33 oz of broccoli a protective effect on cells. Research suggests that SFN plays a sprouts or 8 oz of broccoli. One capsule of OncoPLEX ES equates to multidimensional role in maintaining normal cellular life cycles, 1.3 oz of broccoli sprouts or 27 oz of broccoli.[5] inhibiting tubulin polymerization, activating checkpoint 2 kinase, and inhibiting histone deacetylase activity.[2,13,14] These actions assist in Antioxidant and Detoxification Support Sulforaphane, upon gene regulation, normal cell growth, and cytokine balance.* conversion from glucoraphanin, is found to be an effective long-acting indirect antioxidant and significant inducer of phase II detoxification Research suggests that sulforaphane’s effect on Nrf2 pathways, enzymes.[3,4] Research suggests that SFN strongly induces expression macrophage activation, and NF-kappa B may support a normal, of key enzymes (via the KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE pathway), which in turn healthy response to inflammation and promote cardiovascular and eye supports antioxidant activity, redox cycling, and phase II detoxification. health.[2,15-18] Sulforaphane is also studied for its role in maintaining The antioxidant enzymes generated are believed to participate in the immune health and a healthy gastrointestinal microflora.*[19,20] recycling and maintenance of vitamins A, C, and E as well.[4] After EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Immune System Support Detoxification Cytokine Balance Support Cell-Life Regulation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy fish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare OncoPLEX STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare OncoPLEX (seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassicaoleraceaitalica) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving Size:1Capsule Serving Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. silica. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. (seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassicaoleraceaitalica) ™ ™ of BrassicaProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGS™isatrademark 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; of BrassicaProtectionProductsLLC. Brassica ProtectionProductsLLC;SGS™isatrademark 5,968,567; 6,177,122and6,242,018licensedfrom Produced underUSpatents5,725,895;5,968,505; ) ) ™ ™

ESSupplementFacts SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 100 mg 30 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value %Daily Value ** ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Oct 14;94(21):11149-51. [PMID: 9326574] systems: clinical, dietary, andpolicy implications. ProcNatl Acad SciUSA. 1997 Nestle M. Broccolisproutsasinducersofcarcinogen-detoxifyingenzyme Cancer EpidemiolBiomarkersPrev. 2001May;10(5):501-8. [PMID: 11352861] isothiocyanates ofbroccolisprouts: metabolismandexcretioninhumans. Shapiro TA, Fahey JW, Wade KL, etal. and Chemoprotectiveglucosinolates Mar;130(3):244-51. [PMID: 19028145] II antioxidantenzymesinthehumanupperairway. ClinImmunol. 2009 Riedl MA, Saxon A, Diaz-SanchezD. increasesPhase Oralsulforaphane 25;52(4):916-26. [PMID: 14969551] Brussels sprouts, kale, andcabbage. J Agric Food Chem. 2004Feb contents inseedsof59cultivarsbroccoli, raab, kohlrabi, radish, cauliflower, West LG, MeyerKA, BalchBA, etal. and4-hydroxyglucobrassicin Glucoraphanin Sci USA. 1997Sep16;94(19):10367-72. [PMID: 9294217] Acad chemicalcarcinogens.Natl protectagainst inducers ofenzymesthat Proc Fahey JW, Zhang Y, Talalay P. Broccolisprouts: anexceptionallyrichsourceof Brassica [PMID: 22303412] activity ofvitaminsa, C, ande. Front Genet. 2012;3:7. Epub2012Jan24. enzymes bybroccolisulforaphane: perspectivesinmaintainingtheantioxidant Boddupalli S, MeinJR, LakkannaS, etal. Inductionofphase2antioxidant 60. Review. [PMID: 21194251] Sulforophane glucosinolate. Monograph. AlternMedRev. 2010Dec;15(4):352- [PMID: 20013083] forcancerchemoprevention.and sulforaphane AAPSJ. 2010Mar;12(1):87-97. Cheung KL, Kong AN. phenethylisothiocyanate Moleculartargetsofdietary Sci USA. 1992Mar15;89(6):2399-403. [PMID: 1549603] enzymes frombroccoli: ofstructure. andelucidation isolation Proc.Natl. Acad. Zhang Y, Talalay P, ChoCG, etal. A majorinducerofanticarcinogenicprotective Immunol. 2008May;121(5):1255-1261. [PMID: 18325578] decreaseof age-related T(H)1 immunity:Clin roleofdendriticcells. JAllergy Kim HJ, BarajasB, Wang M, etal. restoresthe bysulforaphane Nrf2activation [PMID: 19349290] infected miceandhumans. CancerPrevRes(Phila). 2009 Apr;2(4):353-60. gastritisinHelicobacterpylori- andattenuate sprouts reducecolonization Yanaka A, Fahey JW, Fukumoto A, etal. broccoli sulforaphane-rich Dietary 2004 Jul13;101(28):10446-51. [PMID: 15229324] damage. photooxidative pigment epithelialcellsagainst ProcNatl Acad SciUSA. Gao X, Talalay P. protectsretinal Inductionofphase2genesbysulforaphane 16053242] CNSinflammation.aging-related NutrNeurosci. 2005 Apr;8(2):101-10. [PMID: MH,Noyan-Ashraf SadeghinejadZ, JuurlinkBH. todecrease approach Dietary Acad SciUS A. 2004May4;101(18):7094-9. [PMID: 15103025] stress, hypertension, inthecardiovascularsystem. andinflammation ProcNatl Wu L, MH, Noyan-Ashraf Facci M, oxidative etal. toattenuate approach Dietary Nov;29(11):1851-7. [PMID: 19729611] state. Arteriosclerexhibiting aproinflammatory Biol . ThrombVasc 2009 Zakkar M, etal. ofNrf2inendothelialcellsprotectsarteriesfrom Activation 19812222] inhibitor forcancerprevention. JNutr. 2009Dec;139(12):2393-6. [PMID: Ho E, ClarkeJD, DashwoodRH. sulforaphane, Dietary ahistonedeacetylase 16520150] beyond Keap1. CancerLett. 2006Feb 28;233(2):208-18. Review. [PMID: Myzak MC, DashwoodRH. Chemoprotectionbysulforaphane: keeponeeye [PMID: 18406129] bioefficacy beyondantioxidants. CurrOpinBiotechnol.2008Apr;19(2):73-82. Holst B, Williamson G. Nutrientsandphytochemicals: to frombioavailability .Dermatol 2010Feb;19(2):137-44. [PMID: 19558496] phase-2 andantioxidantenzymesinhumankeratinocytes inculture. Exp thetranscriptionfactor Nrf2andinduces carbinole andascorbicacidactivates Wagner AE, ErnstI, IoriR, etal. butnotascorbigen, Sulforaphane indole-3- ® . http://www.brassica.com. Accessed May5, 2012. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-132

05/01/13 ™ OptiCleanse GHI Antioxidant Activity Support for Gastrointestinal System, Hepatic Function, and Cytokine Balance* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Natural Detoxification Mechanisms*

»» Supports Gastrointestinal Health* Cytokine Balance Support »» Supports a Balanced Cytokine Profile* »» Lactose-Free Vegan Protein Source*

OptiCleanse™ GHI is a comprehensive, fructose-free, low-allergy– potential dietary supplement designed to support gastrointestinal (GI) function, balanced detoxification, and a normal, healthy response to inflammation. It features VegaPro™, XYMOGEN’s proprietary amino acid and pea/rice protein blend; Aminogen®, to facilitate protein absorption; phytonutrients; mineral amino acid chelates; and activated B vitamins, including Quatrefolic®† and methylcobalamin. In conjunction with a modified elimination diet, OptiCleanse GHI addresses GI and hepatic

function as well as eicosanoid balance and cytokine metabolism. This Detoxification formula is suitable for vegans.* Available in Vanilla Delight, Creamy Chocolate, Chai, Chocolate Mint & Original Discussion OptiCleanse™ GHI contains macro- and micronutrients, as well as a Detoxification Support host of ingredients (some patented or proprietary) that support fatty Ellagic acid (from pomegranate extract) prevents over-induction acid metabolism, gastrointestinal health, and healthy eicosanoid of CYP1A enzymes, works at the gene level to induce synthesis and cytokine metabolism. Activated cofactors support mitochondrial of glutathione-S-transferases and other phase II activities, binds energy production needed for biotransformation and detoxification. directly to toxins, and protects DNA and hepatocytes.[5,6] Watercress Gastrointestinal Support This formula’s ingredients help moderate phase I detoxification, is a rich source of beta-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)—a upregulate and support phase II pathways, and provide antioxidant versatile compound found to inhibit phase I enzymes and induce the support as well.* phase II enzymes associated with biotransformation and excretion of toxins. Watercress was found to contain even stronger phase II Protein Metabolism inducers known as 7-methylsulfinyheptyl and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl VegaPro is XYMOGEN’s proprietary blend of pea protein isolate and isothiocyanates as well.[7,8] Green tea catechins not only support rice protein concentrate, L-glutamine, glycine, and taurine. Generation antioxidant activity but also appear to act as modulators of phase of glutathione and sulfation cofactors—vital for phase II conjugation— I and phase II detoxification.[9] Choline is present to support lipid requires an array of amino acids. The combination of pea protein metabolism in the liver and can be converted to betaine, a methyl and rice protein, containing a complement of amino acids, achieves donor.*[10] an amino acid score of 100%. Glutamine, a conditionally essential and versatile amino acid with two nitrogen moieties, is crucial to The active, bioavailable form of B vitamins (pyridoxal-5’- nitrogen metabolism and helps maintain healthy liver tissue and phosphate (B6), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate), methylcobalamin Liver Support function.[1,2] The amino acid glycine is needed for bile synthesis, phase (B12)) and glycine all support amino acid conjugation and are II detoxification, and glutathione production. Taurine, a derivative of the vital for the detoxification of xenobiotics and xenoestrogens. sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, is also important for synthesis 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), methylcobalamin, betaine, and of bile salts and helps stabilize cell membranes.* methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) are present to support methylation and detoxification. 5-MTHF supports healthy folate nutrition, especially Gastrointestinal Support in those with variations in folate metabolism. In OptiCleanse GHI, Ginger root, included to support healthy digestion including the 5-MTHF is provided as Quatrefolic® for enhanced stability, solubility, release of bile from the gallbladder, acts at several sites to moderate and bioavailability.*[11] PGE(2) production and support the normal response to inflammation.[3] Fiber (from inulin and flaxseeds) supports production of short-chain Preventium®, a patented form of potassium hydrogen d-glucarate, fatty acids as well as a healthy intestinal flora.MeadowPure ™, an supports glucuronidation. Sulfation is supported by MSM and sodium organic flaxseed complex, possesses excellent oxidative stability, sulfate. Acetylation is supported by d-calcium pantothenate, supports antioxidant activity, and provides lignins, soluble fiber, and pyridoxal-5’-phosphate, and magnesium. Several minerals in omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids.[4] Glutamine plays a key OptiCleanse GHI are provided as Albion® mineral chelates and role in healthy intestinal cell proliferation and gut barrier integrity, TRAACS® mineral amino acid chelates for enhanced gastrointestinal immune function, and normal tissue healing.*[1,2] absorption and bioavailability.*[12]

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150 mcg 200 mcg 100 mcg 2500 IU 250 mg 250 mg 250 mg 140 mg 125 mg 200 mg 470 mg 100 mg 100 mg 120 mg 150 mg 150 mg 200 mg 200 mg 250 mg 100 mg 400 mg 392 mg 250 mg 50 mcg 60 mcg 35 mcg 60 mcg 4.5 mg 35 mg 40 mg 15 mg 80 mg 10 mg 82 mg 1.26 g 5 mg 5 mg 2 mg 5.6 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 1000% 350% 833% 250% 200% 294% 417% 100% 143% 50% 50% 52% 10% 50% 35% 40% 12% 25% 20% 47% 20% 67% 50% 8% 4% 0% 3% 2% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ‡ promotes detoxification. synthesis, activity, enhancesglutathione-S-transferase and inflammation. ofuseforitssupportanormal,history healthyresponseto 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References eicosanoid andcytokine metabolism. antioxidant activity, counterfreeradicals, andsupporthealthy Bioflavonoids, quercetin, rutin,andcurcuminsupport Antioxidant SupportandCytokineBalance Aminogen 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5,561,160). Preventium approach cleanseapproach plan.* inconjunctionwithamodifiedelimination balance. This formulaisdesignedtobeusedaspartofastep- and anormal, and healthyresponsetoinflammation cytokine andantioxidantmechanisms; gastrointestinal health;detoxification supports OptiCleanse GHIprovidesanarrayofnutrientsthat metabolismandantioxidantprotection.* for glutathione Due totheevolvingnatureofinteractionsandcontraindications, itisadvised

[PMID: 8625448] acid. anticarcinogenellagic the dietary Carcinogenesis. 1996Feb;17(2):265-9. Barch DH, RundhaugenLM, StonerGD, etal. of Structure-functionrelationships Apr;103(7):929-38. Review. [PMID: 20003621] consumption oftheflaxlignansecoisolariciresinoldiglucoside. BrJNutr. 2010 Adolphe JL, Whiting SJ, JuurlinkBH, Thorpe LU, Alcorn J. Healtheffectswith 28. [PMID: 16709450] production. mediator Phytomedicine.on inflammatory 2007Feb;14(2-3):123- Lantz RC, ChenGJ, SarihanM, etal. The effectofextractsfromgingerrhizome Rev. 1990 Aug;48(8):297-309. Review. [PMID: 2080048] Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Isglutamineaconditionallyessentialaminoacid?Nutr Enteral Nutr. 1990Jul-Aug;14(4Suppl):94S-99S. Review. [PMID: 2119461] Smith RJ, Wilmore DW. Glutaminenutritionandrequirements. JPENJParenter Apr;3(2):114-27. Review. [PMID: 9577247] Kelly GS. ofN-acetylcysteine. Clinicalapplications AlternMedRev. 1998 Sep;14(3):277. [PMID: 19594223] Rev. 2009Jun;14(2):141-53. Review. in: Erratum AlternMedRev. 2009 of Curcumalonga: areview ofpreclinical andclinical research. Altern Med Jurenka JS. propertiesofcurcumin,Anti-inflammatory amajorconstituent cirrhotic rats. DigDisSci. 2007Oct;52(10):2616-21. [PMID: 17431769] Amália PM, Possa MN, Augusto MC, etal. stressin Quercetinpreventsoxidative 32. [PMID: 18321868] action.mechanism ofitsanti-initiating Carcinogenesis. 2008May;29(5):1022- mice: ofphaseIandIIenzymesinbenzo[a]pyrene-treated regulators Garg R, GuptaS, MaruGB. transcriptional curcuminmodulates Dietary Albion. http://www.albionminerals.com/. Accessed May8, 2012. Quatrefolic. http://www.quatrefolic.com /. Accessed May8, 2012. Accessed May8, 2012. Linus Pauling Institute./. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/othernuts/choline Jan;30(1):32-39. [PMID: 20116658] myocardialischemia-reperfusion.activities inprotectingagainst NutrRes. 2010 M,Akhlaghi B. Bandy greenteaextractincreasesphase2enzyme Dietary cells. EurJNutr. 2009Dec;48(8):483-91. [PMID: 19636603] by watercress: inhumanperipheralblood invitroandvivoinvestigations Hofmann T, Kuhnert A, Schubert A, etal. enzymes ofdetoxification Modulation phase IIenzymes. Carcinogenesis. 2000Nov;21(11):1983-8. [PMID: 11062158] arepotentinducersof isothiocyanates fromwatercress 8-methylsulfinyloctyl Rose P, Faulkner K, Williamson G, etal. and 7-Methylsulfinylheptyl 19656205] liver toxicityinmice. FundamClinPharmacol. 2009Dec;23(6):735-45. [PMID: acidcomparedtosilymarinonparacetamolinduced curcumin andellagic Girish C, Koner BC, S, Jayanthi etal. activityofpicroliv, Hepatoprotective covered byUSpatent6,706,904andpatentspending. registered trademarksofAlbionLaboratories,Inc.Malates DimaCal, TRAACSandtheAlbionMedalliondesignare that practitionersconsultacurrentdatabase fornewinformation. ® isaRegisteredTrademark of Triarco Industries.Aminogen ® isaregisteredtrademarkof AppliedFoodSciences,LLC.(USpatents4,845,123, 5,364,644, [15] Additional referencesavailable uponrequest. stimulates glutathione N-acetyl-cysteine glutathione (NAC)stimulates S.p.A. ProducedunderUSPatent7,947,662. † Quatrefolic [16] Seleniumglycinateprovidessupport ® isaregisteredtrademarkofGnosis

[13,14] ® Curcuminhasalong isprotectedbyU.S.patentNo.5,387,422. Rev. (RV) DRS-218

05/30/13 ™ OptiCleanse Plus Antioxidant Activity Optimal Cleansing Formula* Suitable for Vegans Clinical Applications »» Supports Natural Detoxification Mechanisms* »» Supports Healthy Hormone Metabolism* »» Provides High-Quality Macro- and Micronutrients* Cell-Life Regulation

OptiCleanse™ Plus provides macro- and micronutrients that support all phases of biotransformation and detoxification; these nutrients also support the mitochondrial energy production necessary to complete this vital function. OptiCleanse Plus is easy to digest and has a low-allergy potential, a pleasant taste, and no added fructose. OptiCleanse Plus features VegaPro™, XYMOGEN’s proprietary pea/rice protein blend; Aminogen®, to facilitate protein absorption; activated B vitamins, such as riboflavin 5’-phosphate (B2), pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (B6), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate), and methylcobalamin (B12); and Albion’s patented TRAACS® mineral amino acid chelates. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is provided as Quatrefolic®†, a stable, bioavailable form of folate. In conjunction with a modified elimination diet, OptiCleanse Plus not only addresses healthy detoxification, but also Detoxification supports energy generation. This formula is suitable for vegans.* Available in Chai, Creamy Chocolate & Vanilla Delight Discussion OptiCleanse™ Plus represents an advanced, comprehensive and alpha-lipoic acid are present to support production of glutathione, approach to supporting the body’s detoxification processes. Provision which is also provided intact in OptiCleanse Plus.* of high-quality, easy-to-digest protein with the addition of amino acids, micronutrients, essential fatty acids, and metabolic cofactors Specific ingredients that support phase II pathways comprise makes OptiCleanse Plus an indispensable adjunct to an effective the activated, readily available form of B vitamins, including detoxification program.* 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (folate), methylcobalamin (B12), and pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (B6) for methylation; Preventium® (a patented Female Health VegaPro™ is XYMOGEN’s proprietary blend of pea protein isolate and form of potassium hydrogen d-glucarate) for glucuronidation; alpha- rice protein concentrate plus L-glutamine, L-glycine, and taurine. lipoic acid (for antioxidant and liver support); N-acetyl-cysteine for Generation of glutathione and sulfation cofactors necessary for phase sulfation; and d-calcium pantothenate, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, and II conjugation requires an array of amino acids. The combination of magnesium for acetylation.[2-7] 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is pea protein and rice protein provides a non-GMO protein source that is provided as Quatrefolic®, which has greater stability, solubility, and easily digested and achieves an amino acid score of 100% (a measure bioavailability than calcium salt forms. Using science and patented of how efficiently a protein meets the protein synthesis needs of technology, the formula’s pharmaceutical-grade inorganic minerals children and adults). VegaPro does not contain milk, soy, wheat, corn, have been transformed into mineral amino acid chelates for enhanced or animal-based protein.* absorption by the body. XYMOGEN has earned, and OptiCleanse Plus proudly bears, the Albion Gold Seal.*

OptiCleanse Plus contains 24 grams of protein per serving—the Liver Support equivalent of approximately three-and-a-half ounces of dietary MeadowPure™ provides organic, full-fat, non-GMO, milled golden protein derived from sources such as poultry or fish. Dietary protein flax seeds that have been selected and processed under U.S. patent. is essential for building and maintaining lean body mass, hormones, Flaxseed is found to be the most abundant source of the lignan SDG and neurotransmitters. Protein is also essential for the biosynthesis (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside). Metabolites of SDG are closely of metabolically active tripeptides such as glutathione, a key factor in studied for their roles in supporting healthy hormone metabolism, detoxification of exogenous and endogenous toxins. Overall protein- detoxification, antioxidant mechanisms, and maintenance of normal energy metabolism affects phase II detoxification reactions as well as lipid and glucose levels.[8] MeadowPure is also a source of the the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, the enzymes which detoxify essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, as well as soluble environmental chemicals and drugs.*[1] fiber, vitamins, minerals, and the essential omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid.* Vitamins and Minerals Adequate biotransformation depends upon the mitochondrial generation of ATP, which requires several nutrient Designed for comprehensive detoxification with additional cofactors including thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and gastrointestinal support, OptiCleanse Plus also provides inulin (from magnesium. Minerals such as selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese, non-GMO chicory), a valuable prebiotic and source of dietary fiber, as along with vitamins A, C, and E support antioxidant mechanisms that well as glutamine,[9-11] a conditionally essential amino acid.* counteract the reactive oxygen species (intermediary metabolites) that occur between phase I and phase II detoxification. N-acetyl-cysteine

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Liver Support Female Health Detoxification Cell-Life Regulation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN Preventium STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificial colors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, yeast, protein, soy products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. andthickness. todesiredsweetness Adjust amountofwater andconsumeonceortwicedaily,chilled water orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare DIRECTIONS: Blend, shake, orbrisklystirtwolevelscoops(55g)into10-12oz OptiCleanse 4,845,123, 5,364,644, 5,561,160). Folate (as(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (asniacinamide) Zinc (asTRAACS Calcium (165mgasDimaCal Riboflavin (asriboflavin5’-phosphatesodium) Magnesium (asDiMagnesiumMalate) Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) Thiamin (asthiamineHCI) Iodine (aspotassiumiodide) MeadowPure Preventium Biotin Vitamin E(asd-alphatocopherolandmixedtocopherols) Phosphorus (asdipotassiumphosphate) Potassium (naturallyoccurring) Manganese (asTRAACS L-Glutathione LinoleicAcid(fromMeadowPureflaxseed) Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) Iron (naturallyoccurring) Chromium (asTRAACS Sodium (naturallyoccurring) Selenium (asGlycinateComplex) Molybdenum (asTRAACS N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Alpha-LinolenicAcid(fromMeadowPureflaxseed) ‡ Vitamin A(asnaturalbeta-carotene) Protein 24g Sugars5g Fiber3g Dietary Total Carbohydrate13g Cholesterol 0mg Trans Fat0g SaturatedFat0.5g Total Fat8g CaloriesfromFat70 Calories 220 Amount PerServing PerContainer:14 Servings Size:2Scoops(55g) Serving tripotassium citrate,Aminogen protein concentrate,andL-glutamine),sunfloweroil,organicdriedcanesyrup,naturalflavors(noMSG), occurring) Other Ingredients:VegaPro ** DailyValue notestablished. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. covered byU.S.Patent6,706,904andpatentspending. registered trademarksofAlbionLaboratories,Inc.Malates DimaCal, TRAACS andtheAlbionMedalliondesignare ® (potassiumd-glucarate) ® ® StabilizedFlaxseedComplex isaregisteredtrademarkof FoodApplied Sciences, LLC. (USpatents ™ ® PLUSVanilla DelightSupplementFacts ZincBisglycinateChelate) ® ® ChromiumNicotinateGlycinateChelate) ManganeseBisglycinateChelate) ® AMINOGEN AMINOGEN MolybdenumGlycinateChelate) ™ (XYMOGEN’s blendofpeaproteinisolate,taurine,glycine,rice proprietary ® DicalciumMalateand25mgnaturally ® , xanthangum,andstevialeafextract. of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic † Quatrefolic Produced underUSPatent7,947,662. ® ® isaregisteredtrademarkofTriarcoIndustries. isprotectedunderU.S.patent5,387,422. ® ® isaregisteredtrademarkofGnosisS.p.A. isaregisteredtrademark *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. † This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. ) All XYMOGEN 2025 mg 320 mcg 200 mcg 150 mcg 5000 IU 140 mg 120 mg 430 mg 630 mg 220 mg 430 mg 190 mg 250 mg 55 mcg 22 mcg 55 mcg 55 mcg 2.2 mg 4.5 mg 1.8 mg 110 IU 10 mg 29 mg 55 mg 12 mg 5 mg 6 mg 5 mg 9 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value

250% 129% 333% 100% 367% 833% 367% 100% 200% 50% 35% 60% 37% 12% 12% 25% 18% 79% 50% 19% 95% 80% 46% 48% 12% 12% 4% 0% 3% ** ** ** ** ** ** ‡ 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References: Due totheevolvingnatureofinteractionsandcontraindications, itis advised

Curr OpinGastroenterol. 2008Mar;24(2):190-7. Review. [PMID: 18301270] Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine: roleincriticalillnessand ongoingclinical trials. May;37(1):105-10. Review. [PMID: 18670730] Wang WW, QiaoSY, LiDF. Amino acidsandgutfunction. AminoAcids. 2009 Review. [PMID: 10354717] and possibilitiesforclinical use[inPolish]. Lek. Przegl 1998;55(12):659-62. Turczynowski W, Szczepanik AM, Garlicki J, etal. Glutamine--itsmetabolicrole 38. [PMID: 20003621] the flaxlignansecoisolariciresinoldiglucoside. BrJNutr.2010 Apr;103(7):929- Adolphe JL, Whiting SJ, JuurlinkBH, etal. Healtheffectswithconsumptionof 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 2005. Shils ME, ShikeMS, Ross AC, etal. ModernNutritioninHealthandDisease. Harbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine;2010. Baker SM, BennettP, BlandJS, etal. Textbook ofFunctionalMedicine. Gig 2006 Apr;27(5):447-86. [PMID: 16472997] excretion ofsulfate, glucuronide, metabolites. andglutathione drug transportersandphaseIImetabolizingenzymes: mechanismsofhepatic Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, HoffmasterKA, Nezasa K, etal. ofhepatic Integration 5;62:451-62. [PMID: 18772850] use inmedicine[inPolish]. PostepyHigMedDosw(Online). 2008Sep Zółtaszek R. The biologicalroleofD-glucaricacidanditsderivatives: potential Proc. 1986Jul;45(8):2235-40. [PMID: 3459670] Levy G. indrugmetabolism: conjugation Sulfate roleofinorganicsulfate. Fed metabolism. ActaBiochimPol. 2004;51(2):405-13. [PMID: 15218538] Brosnan JT, etal. demand: Methylation akeydeterminantofhomocysteine health. JNutr. 2004Mar;134(3):489-92. [PMID: 14988435]] Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, etal. for metabolismanditsimplications Glutathione that practitionersconsultacurrentdatabasefornewinformation. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Glutamine Arginine Histidine Methionine Proline Tryptophan Phenylalanine Aspartic Acid Serine Alanine Threonine Cysteine Isoleucine Leucine Valine Lysine Glycine Tyrosine Taurine Typical AminoAcidProfilePerServing:

4557 mg 2252 mg 1145 mg 1405 mg 2928 mg 1354 mg 1113 mg 1001 mg 1153 mg 2126 mg 1286 mg 1800 mg 1586 mg 1000 mg 640 mg 295 mg 271 mg 261 mg 959 mg Eur JPharmSci Rev. (RV) DRS-156

07/30/13 . OptiFiber SCFA™ Cardiovascular Support Pleasant-Tasting, Easily Mixed Fiber Formula Clinical Applications

» Promotes Bowel Regularity* » Helps Maintain Healthy Intestinal Function* Gastrointestinal Support » Supports Cardiovascular Health*

OptiFiber SCFA™ is a pleasant-tasting, easily mixed fi ber formula for the relief of occasional constipation, the promotion of bowel regularity, and the maintenance of healthy intestinal function. Consume adequate amounts of fl uid with this formula and throughout the day to maintain bowel regularity. OptiFiber SCFA supports heart health and helps maintain cholesterol levels already within the normal range.* Probiotics Available in 30 servings powder Discussion OptiFiber SCFA™ is a blend of soluble and insoluble fi bers with beta- carotene and vitamins C and E. Recognizing the strong evidence in favor of the healthful effects of dietary fi bers, in May 2006 the FDA approved a label claim that diets low in saturated fats and containing adequate fi ber reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers.*[1]

In a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover study, increased insoluble dietary fi ber intake for three days signifi cantly improved whole-body insulin sensitivity.[2] A prospective Japanese two-year collaborative cohort study with 43,115 men and women between the ages of 40 and 79 supported potential protective effects of dietary fi ber against colorectal cancer, mainly against colon cancer.*[3]

Among the signifi cant number of ingredients contributing to the 8 g/serving content of OptiFiber SCFA are guar gum, a water- soluble fi ber from ground endosperm of the seeds from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Guar gum possesses laxative properties that stimulate the removal of waste and toxins and encourage colon health. Oat fi ber, another soluble fi ber, has a benefi cial effect on cardiovascular lipid risk-factor profi le. This may be due in part to its viscosity, similar to guar gum.[4] Fenugreek fi ber was shown to mediate blood sugar metabolism by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption, which enhanced peripheral insulin action.[5] Citrus pectin, a soluble fi ber, is known to stimulate cecal production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and has been shown to also stimulate protein synthesis in the intestines.[6] Cellulose also stimulates SCFA production.*

»» Supports Cardiovascular Health* »» Supports Healthy Muscle Function/Healthy Nerve Conduction*

»» Supports Bone Health* Cardiovascular Support »» Supports Energy Production* »» May Support Healthy Glucose Metabolism*

Magnesium, the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body, plays a role in over 300 metabolic processes. It participates in the development and maintenance of bones and teeth; the metabolism of carbohydrates, blood glucose, fats, and proteins; the formation of cells and tissues; and the maintenance of muscle function, including cardiac muscle. OptiMag 125™ contains Albion®’s TRAACS® magnesium lysinate glycinate (mineral amino acid chelate) and Albion’s chelated dimagnesium malate—both formulated for enhanced absorption. Malic Joint & Muscle Support acid (from di-magnesium malate) supports energy production and lactic acid clearance via the Krebs cycle. Malic acid may also support antioxidant systems by enhancing glutathione and antioxidant enzymes.* Available in 120 & 240 capsules Discussion Magnesium Lysyl Glycinate Chelate, a mineral amino acid chelate although underlying mechanisms remain unclear, it appears that men in which magnesium is bound to two amino acids, creates a complex who consume diets rich in magnesium are able to maintain healthy that is more readily absorbed across the intestinal wall. Since the gallbladder function.[8] Adequate magnesium intake indeed has strong, body can efficiently absorb dipeptides (two amino acids linked far-reaching health benefits.*[9] together), Albion’s TRAACS® magnesium lysyl glycinate is an excellent Multivitamins & Minerals delivery system for magnesium. In general, Albion TRAACS patented mineral amino acid chelates are resistant to competitive minerals, do not weaken the action of vitamins, and pose a smaller risk of overdosing.*[1]

Di-Magnesium Malate, the other chelate in OptiMag 125, contains 69% malate (malic acid). Each capsule of OptiMag 125 supplies approximately 400 mg of malic acid. Malic acid was chosen because it forms complexes with magnesium.[2] Magnesium and malate play critical roles in energy production under aerobic conditions or when oxygen is lacking.[3] Malic acid also appears to exert a protective effect by binding aluminum.*[4] Sports Nutrition

Magnesium, the fourth most abundant mineral in the body, participates in about 300-350 enzymatic reactions in nearly all tissues. Deficiency is common and results from poor dietary intake, poor absorption, and excessive losses through urine, stool, perspiration, or lactation. Certain drugs, certain herbs, poor kidney function, excessive alcohol intake, and drinking mostly “soft” water can contribute to magnesium depletion as well.*[5]

Magnesium’s role in the clinical applications cited above is quite well established. Beyond these commonly recognized applications, researchers have demonstrated that magnesium can support cytokine balance and decrease sensitivity to oxidative stress.[6] An analysis of the results of a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) suggested that children who consumed less than 75% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for magnesium were 58% more likely to have elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.[7] Magnesium’s role in modulating CRP and supporting the body’s normal response to inflammation may be significant. In addition,

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Sports Nutrition Multivitamins & Minerals Joint & Muscle Support Cardiovascular Support Bone Health Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating directed byyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take orbetweenmeals, twicedailyat onetotwocapsules oras OptiMag 125 Magnesium (asDiMagnesiumMalateandTRAACS Serving Size:2Capsules Serving silica, andmedium-chaintriglycerides. Other Ingredients: cellulose,magnesiumstearate, HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,microcrystalline ** Dailyvaluenotestablished. Malic Acid(asDiMagnesiumMalate) Magnesium Lysinate GlycinateChelate) ™ SupplementFacts ®

human disease. Front. Biosci 2004Jan1;9:262-76. [PMID: 14766364] Laires MJ, MonteiroCP, BichoM. inhealthand Roleofcellularmagnesium Gastroenterol. 2008Feb;103(2):375-82. [PMID: 18076730] gallstonediseaseamongmen.consumption ontheriskofsymptomatic AmJ Tsai CJ, LeitzmannMF, Willett WC, etal. Long-termeffect ofmagnesium 17536486] C-reactive proteinlevelsinchildren. Res. Magnes 2007Mar;20(1):32-6. [PMID: King DE, Mainous AG 3rd, GeeseyME, etal. intakeandserum Magnesium function. MolCellBiochem. 2007Dec;306(1-2):59-69. [PMID: 17657590] deficiencymagnesium stress-inducedintestinal altersbasalandoxidative Scanlan BJ, Tuft B, ElfreyJE, etal. caused by Intestinalinflammation 29, 2012. May -magnesium-balance-can-you-juggle.download/doc_details/328 Accessed Notes. 2006Dec;15(4). http://www.albionhumannutrition.com/research-notes/ Balance:Magnesium Can You Juggle? Albion HumanNutritionResearch Trace ElemRes. 2007 Winter;120(1-3):257-63. [PMID: 17916978] 2-isopropylmalic acidinthebuddingyeastSaccharomycescerevisiae. Biol Suzuki T, Tamura S, NakanishiH, etal. Reductionofaluminumtoxicityby 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide. Jul;17(7):479-83. [PMID: 14759841] ofbeechroots. inthexylemsap concentrations magnesium Tree Physiol. 1997 Schell J. InterdependenceofpH, concentration, malate andcalcium May 23, 2012. Albion Minerals. http://www.albionminerals.com/human-nutrition/. Accessed Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-177

01/10/13 OptiMetaboliX™ and OptiMetaboliX™ 2:1 Blood Sugar Support For Support of Healthy Glucose and Insulin Metabolism* Featuring InSea2®—Next Generation Carbohydrate Control* Clinical Applications »» Support Healthy Glucose and Insulin Metabolism* »» Help Reduce Glycemic Impact of Meals*

»» Support Healthy Body Composition* Cardiovascular Support »» Support Healthy Blood Lipid Metabolism* »» Provide Antioxidant Support* »» Support the Maintenance of Healthy Peripheral Nerves*

OptiMetaboliX™ and OptiMetaboliX™ 2:1 contain an exclusive combination of well-researched, clinically validated, and highly bioavailable ingredients that provide multimodal support for healthy insulin and glucose metabolism and related pathways. They feature InSea2®—an optimized blend of purified polyphenols from wild-crafted brown seaweed. InSea2 uniquely slows carbohydrate digestion and

assimilation and can reduce the impact of high-glycemic foods. This Weight Management newly developed, next generation dual carb controller is 100% natural, has an excellent safety profile, and is friendly to the gastrointestinal tract. OptiMetaboliX is available in Vanilla Delight, Chai, and Chocolate Mint OptiMetaboliX 2:1 provides the same active ingredients as OptiMetaboliX OptiMetaboliX 2:1 is available in Vanilla Delight but with significantly less grams of carbohydrate (10 g/serving), yielding a 2:1 protein to carbohydrate ratio.* Discussion InSea² is a clinically tested blend of purified polyphenols sourced from and support healthy body composition, healthy blood lipid metabolism, and Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus, two species of wild-crafted postprandial glucose levels.[8-10] Inulin, a soluble fiber from chicory root, is brown seaweed. It is the only product on the market that targets enzymes utilized in this formula as a low-glycemic–index carbohydrate that supports involved in carbohydrate digestion and assimilation with a dual mechanism glucose management and gastrointestinal health.* of action. InSea² inhibits alpha-amylase (a starch-degrading enzyme) and alpha-glucosidase (a sucrose-degrading enzyme), and reduces the after-meal Benfotiamine is a lipid-soluble, highly bioavailable form of thiamin (vitamin impact of ingested high-glycemic–index foods. In humans, InSea² (500 mg/d) B1) that enhances the activity of transketolase, an enzyme that catalyzes attenuated by 48% the rise in blood glucose normally produced by ingesting the conversion of harmful glucose intermediate metabolites in the pentose white bread, reduced insulin secretion by 12%, and improved insulin sensitivity phosphate pathway.[11] In vitro research showed treatment with benfotiamine by 8% compared to placebo.[1] Lowering postprandial blood glucose may had an impressive effect on transketolase activity (454% increase from support glucose/insulin regulation, improve insulin sensitivity, and support control). Researchers further demonstrated that increasing transketolase healthy lipid profiles, leptin levels, and appetite control. In another human trial, activity diverts harmful intermediate metabolites away from three of the major treatment with a formulation containing InSea² resulted in a 33% increase in pathways (including advanced glycation endproduct formation) implicated feelings of satiety, a decrease in next-meal caloric intake, and a significant in hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage.[12] Aside from benfotiamine, impact on weight reduction compared to placebo.[2] InSea² has been evaluated OptiMetaboliX and OptiMetaboliX 2:1 provide a full spectrum of highly in clinical trials, animal safety and efficacy studies, and in vitro tests. It has an bioavailable B vitamins, including folate, as Quatrefolic, and high-dose biotin to excellent safety profile and is friendly to the gastrointestinal tract.* support carbohydrate/glucose metabolism, insulin action, and nerve health.*

CinSulin® is a clinically proven, patented water extract of cinnamon Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Green Tea Leaf Extract are included in (Cinnamomum cassia) shown to influence glucose metabolism. The unique OptiMetaboliX and OptiMetaboliX 2:1 provide for their well-known protective proprietary extraction and dehydration process for manufacturing CinSulin antioxidant effects, as well as for their roles in glucose metabolism and results in a concentrated (10:1) extract that minimizes undesirable substances insulin action and sensitivity.[13,14] Additionally, green tea leaf extract has been while retaining those substances that are health-promoting, such as type-A shown to support a healthy body mass index, and ALA has important roles in polyphenolic polymers. Cinnamon has been studied extensively for its roles protecting peripheral nerves.*[15] in glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, insulin action, and support for healthy blood lipid metabolism.[3,4] Anderson et al. demonstrated a 20-fold increase Chromium, Vanadium, and Zinc are provided as Albion® TRAACS® amino in glucose uptake in fat cells treated with water-soluble type-A polymers.[5] acid chelates for optimal absorption and utilization. Chromium supports the In human studies, water-extracted cinnamon supplementation (500 mg/d) metabolic action of insulin and may work synergistically with biotin to improve helped the body maintain healthy blood sugar levels[6], improved antioxidant glucose tolerance. Vanadium may reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and mimic status[7], and supported healthy blood pressure and body composition insulin’s effect, while zinc plays a major role in the stabilization of insulin changes.*[4] hexamers and the pancreatic storage of the hormone.*[16]

VegaPro™ is a pure, sweetener-free, vegetable protein blend sourced from non-GMO pea protein isolate and rice protein concentrate. This proprietary blend achieves an amino acid score of 100% and has excellent digestibility. Moderately high-protein, low-glycemic foods help increase feelings of satiety

Other Ingredients:VegaPro ** DailyValue notestablished. ‡ Iron (naturallyoccurring) Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) Biotin Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) Folate (as(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (asniacinamide) Protein 21g Sugars5g Fiber9g Dietary Total Carbohydrate18g Cholesterol 0mg Trans Fat0g SaturatedFat0g Total Fat3g CaloriesFromFat25 Calories 160 Amount PerServing PerContainer:14 Servings Size:2Scoops(49g) Serving Zinc (asTRAACS Iodine (naturallyoccurringinbrownseaweedblend) natural flavors(noMSG),tripotassiumcitrate,Aminogen organicdriedcanesyrup,sunfloweroil, protein concentrate,andL-glutamine),inulin(fromchicory), polymers)(CinSulin Cinnamon 10:1AqueousExtract(Cinnamomumcassia)(bark)(3%Type-A Vanadium (asTRAACS Alpha-Lipoic Acid 15% catechins,<1%caffeine) Green Tea AqueousExtract(Camelliasinensis)(leaf)(25%polyphenols, Benfotiamine Chromium (asTRAACS Sodium (naturallyoccurring) (20% polyphenols)(InSea2 Brown SeaweedBlend(AscophyllumnodosumandFucusvesiculosus) Potassium (naturallyoccurring) Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. FORMULA ® ® and TRAACS isaregisteredtrademarkofinnoVactiv Inc. ® isaregisteredtrademarkof Tang-An MedicalLtd., manufactured under Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry NEW ® ZincBisglycinateChelate) ™ ® AMINOGEN AMINOGEN ) Vanilla DelightSupplementFacts ® ® Vanadium NicotinateGlycinateChelate) ChromiumNicotinateGlycinateChelate) ® ® ® ® areregisteredtrademarksof Albion Laboratories, Inc. isprotectedunderU.S.patent5,387,422. isaregisteredtrademarkofTriarcoIndustries. ™ ) of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic (XYMOGEN’s blendofpeaproteinisolate,taurine,glycine,rice proprietary † Quatrefolic of GnosisS.p.A.ProducedunderUSPatent7,947,662. yielding a 2:1 protein to carbohydrate ratio. yieldinga2:1proteintocarbohydrate ® isaregisteredtrademark ® isaregisteredtrademark ® , xanthangum,andstevialeafextract. *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. † This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. ) All XYMOGEN

5000 mcg 200 mcg 150 mcg 500 mcg 500 mg 200 mg 200 mg 200 mg 420 mg 420 mg 50 mcg 3.6 mg 2.5 mg 35 mg 40 mg 15 mg 50 mg 5 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. % DailyValue

1667% 833% 350% 250% 200% 100% 100% 417% 50% 42% 36% 20% 18% 12% 6% 0% 0% 5% ** ** ** ** ** ** ‡ 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

8862477] day-to-day foodintakeinman. EurJClinNutr. 1996Jul;50(7):418-30. [PMID: Johnstone AM, StubbsRJ, HarbronCG. Effectofoverfeedingmacronutrientson 21756320] massloss:leads toafat alongitudinalstudy. NutrJ.2011Jul14;10:74. [PMID: with high-proteinproductswithinthehabitualdietintype-2diabetespatients S,Navas-Carretero Abete I, ZuletMA, etal. Chronologicallyscheduledsnacking Am CollNutr. 2009Feb;28(1):16-21. [PMID: 19571155] areoverweightorobese.extract inpeoplewithimpairedfastingglucosethat J Roussel AM, HiningerI, BenarabaR, etal. Antioxidant effectsofacinnamon 2006 May;36(5):340-44. [PMID: 16634838] glucose, HbA, andserumlipidsindiabetesmellitustype2. EurJClinInvest. Mang B, Wolters M, SchmittB, etal. Effectsofacinnamonextractonplasma activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2004Jan14;52(1):65-70. [PMID: 14709014] of polyphenoltype-Apolymersfromcinnamonwithinsulin-likebiological Anderson RA, BroadhurstCL, Polansky MM, etal. andcharacterization Isolation [PMID: 18500972] in pre-diabeticmenandwomen. JIntSocSportsNutr. 2006Dec28;3:45-53. ofthemetabolicsyndrome compositionandfeatures cinnamon extractonbody Ziegenfuss TN, HofheinsJE, MendelRW, etal. Effectsofawater-soluble Pharm Res.2010Feb;33(2):325-33. [PMID: 20195835] Cinnamomi Cassiae(Cinnamonbark)extractinC57BL/Ksdb/dbmice. Arch Kim SH, ChoungSY. Antihyperglycemic andantihyperlipidemicactionof innoVactiv Inc.;2011:1-19. onfile) (Data Universitaire deCardiologieetPneumologie;HôpitalLaval, Québec, Canada: and thecontroloffoodintake. Researchreport. CentredeRecherche, Institut Tremblay A, JobinM, Pérusse F, etal. Effectsofgly-sea-maxonglycemia Metabolism. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: NRCResearchPress. Inpress. inhealthymenandwomen.concentrations Physiology, Applied Nutrition, and onpostchallengeplasmaglucoseandinsulin seaweeds from brown Paradis ME, CoutureP, LamarcheB. oftheacuteimpactpolyphenols Study update. DiabetolMetabSyndr. 2010Dec19;2:70. [PMID: 21167072] Wiernsperger N, J. Rapin Trace elementsinglucometabolicdisorders: an .Clin RiskManag 2011;7:377-85. [PMID: 21941444] diabeticpolyneuropathy. ofsymptomatic (thioctic acid)inthetreatment Ther Mcllduff CE, RutkoveSB. oftheusealphalipoicacid Criticalappraisal 20368373] resistance, thefructose-fedrat. J Am CollNutr. 2009 Aug;28(4):355-61. [PMID: stressandimprovesinsulinsensitivityinananimalmodelof oxidative Hininger-Favier I, BenarabaR, CovesS, etal. Greenteaextractdecreases 15331020] metabolism inhealthyhumans. BMCPharmacol. 2004 Aug 26;4:18. [PMID: indiabetic(db/db)mice andonglucose levels andserumproteomicpatterns Tsuneki H, IshizukaM, Terasawa M, etal. Effectofgreenteaonbloodglucose Med. 2003Mar;9(3):294-99. [PMID: 12592403] andpreventsexperimentaldiabeticretinopathy.of hyperglycemicdamage Nat Hammes HP, DuX, EdelsteinD, etal. Benfotiamineblocksthreemajorpathways benfotiamine. PharmacolRes.2010Jun;61(6):482-88. [PMID: 20188835] Balakumar P, Rohilla A, KrishanP, etal. potentialof The multifacetedtherapeutic Res. 2010May;54Suppl1:S24-30. [PMID: 20077421] proteins: lipidmetabolism. hepatic Impactongenesregulating MolNutrFood Rigamonti E, Parolini C, MarchesiM, et al. pea Hypolipidemiceffectofdietary Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-262

07/23/13 ™ Oraxinol Antioxidant Activity Antioxidant Support from Fruits and Berries* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Antioxidant Activity* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health* Cardiovascular Support »» Contains Health-Supportive Polyphenols*

Oraxinol™ is a proprietary fruit extract blend containing fruits and berries rich in polyphenols and antioxidant-supportive elements. This high-quality extract goes through a multiple-stage quality assurance program to ensure potency, safety, integrity, and purity from field to finished product.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Fruit and vegetable intake has a profound and well-recognized other “super” fruits. Mangosteen is a “berry-type” fruit; its pericarp correlation with health, and increased intake has been found to (peel, rind, hull) has a long history of use as a traditional medicine increase plasma antioxidant capacity in humans.[1] Fruits contain and recently has been studied for its role in antioxidant and immune a wide range of bioactive compounds; they not only contribute to support.[10, 11] Pomegranate juice supplementation was found to have antioxidant protection but also support cellular health in a variety of an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in plasma, lipoproteins, ways. Isolation of these beneficial compounds and investigations into and macrophages; researchers suggest this is important to the their specific effects on human health is ongoing. The hope is that support of cardiovascular and cellular health.[12] Oraxinol contains concentrated sources of these bioactive phytonutrients will become a grape skin, seed, and pulp in a concentrated extract. Research on convenient way to augment intake of fruits and vegetables.* grape polyphenols suggests that they may have direct effects on vasorelaxation and may promote cardiovascular health and function.[13] Oraxinol™ has a new and improved profile of concentrated extracts The apple has long been understood to be a pillar in the foundation from the following nutrient-dense fruits: grape, pomegranate, of a healthy diet, and this has been underscored by the old adage blueberry, chokeberry, mangosteen, cranberry, goji berry, apple, and we learned as children: “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.” bilberry. These fruits are featured in the Oraxinol formula because of Research supports this traditional wisdom and reveals that even the their phytonutrient content, antioxidant-supportive properties, and skin of the apple contains polyphenols that appear to play a protective polyphenol concentration. Polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids, role in oxidative stress.*[14] stilbenes, and lignans) are produced by plants and often play a defensive role, protecting the plant from UV radiation, oxidation, The role of polyphenols appears to extend beyond their antioxidant and pathogens. In many cases, it is the polyphenol component of capacity. Research suggests that polyphenol-rich extracts may exert medicinal plants that exerts activity, such as modulating enzymes positive effects on cardiovascular health.[8] Mechanisms of action and cell receptors, in the body.[2] Research strongly supports a role for appear to include the promotion of endothelial function and healthy polyphenols in promoting and maintaining health.*[3,4] platelet aggregation.[3,15-17] In order to more accurately highlight the health effects of specific polyphenols, researchers have called for Berries are an especially rich source of polyphenols and other health- the compilation of a comprehensive polyphenol database.[2] Ongoing promoting elements.[5,6] Blueberries, cranberries, and chokeberries research promises to reveal even more detailed and intriguing facts have been found to contain relatively high concentrations of about the role that these complex phytonutrients play in human compounds with highly effective radical scavenging structures, health.*[18] contributing to total antioxidant capacity.[7] The consumption of bilberry and chokeberry has been shown to significantly increase Oraxinol features concentrated whole fruit and berry extracts with a the concentration of health-supportive polyphenols in plasma.[8] Goji total polyphenol content of no less than 40% and an oxygen radical berries have been consumed for their health-promoting benefits for absorbance capacity (ORAC) of not less than 6000 TE/gram. Oraxinol over 2000 years. Contemporary research suggests that goji juice ingredients undergo stringent quality assurance testing through the supplementation significantly increased antioxidant markers in human Adulterant Screening Program. This program screens for economic subjects.*[9] adulterants, pesticide residues, solvent residues, ETO (ethylene oxide), irradiation, and GMOs (genetically modified organisms).[19] Alongside Oraxinol’s berry concentrates are extracts from a variety of

™ SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 500 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

Jan;29(1):19-25. [PMID: 19185773] vivo antioxidantbiomarkersinserumofhealthyadults. NutrRes. 2009 H,Amagase SunB, BorekC. Lycium barbarum(goji)juice improvesin Feb;87(2):323-31. [PMID: 18258621] function,platelet bloodpressure, andHDLcholesterol. AmJClinNutr. 2008 Erlund I, Koli R, Alfthan G, etal. consumptionon Favorable effectsofberry 2003 Jan15;51(2):502-9. [PMID: 12517117] blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, andlingonberries. JAgricFoodChem. Zheng W, Wang SY. ofphenolicsin Oxygenradicalabsorbingcapacity Food Chem. 2008Feb 13;56(3):627-9. [PMID: 18211023] the impactoftheirintakeonhumanhealth, performance, anddisease. JAgric Seeram NP. fruits: Berry compositionalelements, biochemicalactivities, and 13;54(25):9329-39. [PMID: 17147415] ofhumancancercellsinvitro.apoptosis JAgricFoodChem. 2006Dec cranberry, redraspberry, andstimulate extractsinhibitgrowth andstrawberry Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, etal. Blackberry, blackraspberry, blueberry, 28, 2013. US11FactsonPreventingCancerTheCancerFightersinYourFood.pdf.July Accessed Your Food. http://www.aicr.org/assets/docs/pdf/brochures/ American InstituteforCancerResearch. CancerFighters in J ClinNutr. 2005Jan;81(1Suppl):215S-217S. Review. [PMID: 15640483] Scalbert A, JohnsonIT, SaltmarshM. Polyphenols: antioxidantsandbeyond. Am 15113710] bioavailability. AmJClinNutr. 2004May;79(5):727-47. Review. [PMID: Manach C, Scalbert A, MorandC, etal. Polyphenols: foodsourcesand J ClinNutr. 1998Nov;68(5):1081-7. [PMID: 9808226] afterconsumptionofcontrolleddietshighinfruitandvegetables.capacity Am Cao G, BoothSL, JA, Sadowski etal. Increasesinhumanplasmaantioxidant nt&view=article&id=21&Itemid=11. Ethical Naturals. http://www.ethicalnaturals.com/index.php?option=com_conte Accessed July28, 2013. World CongressonPolyphenols Applications. http://www.polyphenols-site.com/. J ClinNutr. 2005Jan;81(1Suppl):317S-325S. Review. [PMID: 15640497] Arts IC, HollmanPC. Polyphenols anddiseaseriskinepidemiologicstudies. [PMID: 15640493] function.platelet AmJClinNutr. 2005Jan;81(1Suppl):292S-297S. Review. Vita JA. Polyphenols andcardiovasculardisease: effectsonendothelial and diseases. CurrOpinLipidol.2005Feb;16(1):77-84. Review. [PMID: 15650567] Manach C, Mazur A, Scalbert A. Polyphenols andpreventionofcardiovascular 2013;8(1):e53725. [PMID: 23372666] stressandinflammation.beneficial actionsonoxidative PLoSOne. Denis MC, Furtos A, DudonnéS, etal. peelpolyphenolsandtheir Apple syndrome. JNutr. 2012Sep;142(9):1626-32. [PMID: 22810991] inmenwithmetabolic vasodilation pressure andincreaseflow-mediated Barona J, Aristizabal JC, BlessoCN, etal. polyphenolsreduceblood Grape mice. AmJClinNutr. 2000May;71(5):1062-76. [PMID: 10799367] aggregation: studiesinhumansandatherosclerotic E-deficient apolipoprotein stress,reduces oxidative toLDL, modifications atherogenic andplatelet Aviram M, DornfeldL, M, Rosenblat etal. Pomegranate juiceconsumption 2008Oct;46(10):3227-39. Review. [PMID: 18725264] properties ofmangosteen(Garciniamangostana). FoodChemToxicol . Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cárdenas-RodríguezN, Orozco-IbarraM, etal. Medicinal 2013 May23;77(5):984-7. [PMID: 23649258] activity.and theircontributiontoantioxidative BiosciBiotechnolBiochem. pericarp, aril, gumofmangosteen(garciniamangostanalinn.)fruit andyellow U,Sukatta Takenaka M, OnoH, etal. Distributionofmajorxanthonesin the Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Accessed July28, 2013.

Rev. (NF) DRS-138

08/13/13 Am ™ OrganiX Weight Management 100% Organic Whole Food Bar Clinical Applications

» Healthy On-the-Go Snack or Meal Accompaniment* » Suitable for a Vegetarian Diet* » Healthy Food for Individuals on Sodium-Restricted Diets*

These three varieties of delicious, vegan-certiﬁ ed, kosher, non- GMO, USDA organic, all-natural, raw food bars are free of dairy, soy, wheat, and gluten as well as reﬁ ned sugars, salt, additives, and preservatives. Each bar makes a great, portable, quick-energy snack for those on the go or in need of a nutritious, 200-calorie meal accompaniment. The whole food ingredients are alkalinizing, enzyme active, and rich in antioxidants.*

Available in Greens, Omega-3, and Spice Discussion Utilizing the great taste and high protein of organic cashew butter, ingredients are present. OrganiX bars are manufactured in a facility living organic foods with active enzymes, and sprouted whole grains, that processes tree nuts, peanuts, seeds, soy, wheat, and dairy (milk).* OrganiX™ food bars represent the perfect healthy blend of taste and nutrition. Each of the three varieties of the 50 gram OrganiX raw food The chart below shows the ORAC (high oxygen radical absorbance bars represents a perfect on-the-go, healthy, between-meals snack capacity) scores for ingredients similar to those contained in the or occasional meal accompaniment for children and adults alike. Each OrganiX 100% whole food bars. The general aim is to consume bar is nutritionally fortifi ed with phytonutrients, fi ber, and omega-3 adequate fruits and vegetables to average approximately 3000 ORAC rich Organic Bio Flax Sprouts™, making these bars dramatically more per day.* nutritious compared to other products that contain fl ax oil, fl ax fl our, or fl axseeds.* Ingredient (Depending Upon Variety) ORAC Score (per 100 g) OrganiX food bars acquire their natural sweetness from agave nectar, date paste, and raisins. Healthy fats come not only from the Raisins 2,830 fl ax but also from cashew and sesame nut butters. The naturally Blueberries occurring sugars are balanced by the presence of the equivalents of 2,400 approximately: the amount of protein in an ounce of chicken (7 g), Raspberries 1,220 slightly less than the amount of fat in a teaspoon and a half of oil (7 g), the amount of saturated fat in less than ½ teaspoon of Broccoli 890 butter (2 g), and the fi ber in a slice of whole wheat bread (2 g).*

Organic Bio Flax Sprouts are produced using a technology that creates a living, enzyme-active food and blends the health benefi ts of omega-3 fatty acids, (α-linolenic acid), lignans, soluble and insoluble fi ber, vitamins, minerals, and enzymes. Flax seeds have a high amount of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside which is metabolized into mammalian lignans by the gut microfl ora. Both plant and mammalian lignans modulate hormone metabolism and act as antioxidants.*[1-3]

Many of the ingredients in each variety of the bars are in sprouted form. Sprouting not only increases enzyme activity but also biologically activates the seed, thus increasing the bioavailability of the plant proteins, essential fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients.*

OrganiX bars are appropriate for individuals who are food-sensitive/ allergic to gluten (including wheat), soy, or dairy as none of these

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Weight Management © XYMOGEN OrganiX OrganiX OrganiX * Percent DailyValue (DV)arebasedona2,000caloriediet. * Percent DailyValue (DV)arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Juice, andOrganicCarrotJuice. Organic Spirulina,Blueberries,Raspberries,BroccoliSprouts,Beet Quinoa, OrganicWheatGrassJuicePowder, OrganicBarleyGrassJuicePowder, OrganicSesameSeeds, Flax, andOrganicCinnamon. Cholesterol Trans Fat SaturatedFat Total Fat Calories: 210 Size:1Bar(50g) Serving Calories: 220 Size:1Bar(50g) Serving Cholesterol Trans Fat SaturatedFat Total Fat Calories: 210 Size:1Bar(50g) Serving Nectar, OrganicBrownRiceProtein,Raisins, BioSprouts Certifi edOrganicIngredients:CashewButter, OrganicDatePaste,Premium Agave Iron Calcium Vitamin C Vitamin A Protein Sugars Total Fiber Dietary Total Carbohydrates Sodium Nectar, OrganicBioSprouts Certifi edOrganicIngredients:CashewButter, OrganicDatePaste,PremiumAgave Nectar, OrganicBrownRiceProtein,Raisins,BioSprouts Certifi edOrganicIngredients:CashewButter, OrganicDatePaste,PremiumAgave * Percent DailyValue (DV)arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Iron Calcium Vitamin C Vitamin A Protein Sugars Total Fiber Dietary Total Carbohydrates Sodium Seeds. Iron Calcium Vitamin C Vitamin A Protein Sugars Total Fiber Dietary Total Carbohydrates Sodium Cholesterol Trans Fat SaturatedFat Total Fat ™ ™ ™ GreensBarNutritionFacts SpiceBarNutritionFacts Omega-3BarNutritionFacts ™ -Flax, OrganicBioSprouts ™ -Quinoa, OrganicRaisins,andSesame *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue* Amount PerServing mutPrSrig%DailyValue* Amount PerServing mutPrSrig%DailyValue* Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN ™ ™ Quinoa, OrganicBioSprouts -Flax, OrganicBioSprouts 10 mg 15 mg Calories fromFat100 0 mg 1.5 g 0 mg 1.5 g 0 mg 5 mg 1.5 g 10% Calories fromFat80 Calories fromFat70 17 g 26 g 16% 11 g 10% 10% 18 g 26 g 19 g 26 g 4% 0% 0% 31% 4 g 8 g 0 g 4% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 12% 0 g 8 g 23% 7 g 6 g 14% 0 g 9 g 24% 7 g 6 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ™ 9% 7% 0% 0% 9% 9% 0% 1% 9% 0% 0% 8% - ™ - 3. 3. 2. 1. References 2007 Nov;45(11):2219-27. [PMID: 17624649] mammalian lignansenterodiolandenterolactoneinvitro. FoodChemToxicol . secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, secoisolariciresinolandthe itsaglycone Hu C, Yuan YV, KittsDD. Antioxidant activitiesofthefl axseed lignan Cancer Res. 2007Feb 1;13(3):1061-7. [PMID: 17289903] factorinhumanbreastcancerxenograftsvivo.endothelial growth Clin inhibit estradiol-inducedgrowth, angiogenesis, andsecretionofvascular Bergman JungeströmM, Thompson LU, DabrosinC. Flaxseedanditslignans 17576639] of breastcancerrisk. MolNutrFoodRes. 2007Jul;51(7):857-66. [PMID: Saarinen NM, Wärri A, Airio M, etal. lignansinthereduction Roleofdietary Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 03/18/13 (RV) DRS-168 ™ ™ OrganiX PhytoFood Antioxidant Activity All-Natural Greens and Reds Drink Clinical Applications »» Provides Nutrient-Dense Superfoods, Fiber, Probiotics, and Digestive Enzymes* »» Provides a Concentrated Source of Antioxidant-Rich Phytonutrients* ™ »» Contains Standardized SGS From Broccoli Seeds for Antioxidant Gastrointestinal Support and Detoxification Support* »» Promotes Optimal pH Levels in the Body*

OrganiX PhytoFood is a convenient powdered formulation providing key nutrients to support a healthy lifestyle. This comprehensive formula incorporates an innovative blend of organic greens, vegetables, fruits, berries, phytonutrients, organic fiber sources, probiotics, and digestive enzymes. OrganiX PhytoFood also features OxyPhyte®, a bioavailable, antioxidant-rich blend of green tea and apple extracts. In addition, SGS™ broccoli seed extract with standardized glucoraphanin content is present to provide long-lasting antioxidant support. This nutrient-dense

formula features concentrates from “superfoods” known to provide Cell-Life Regulation phytonutrients and antioxidants that play important roles in maintaining our health and well-being. OrganiX PhytoFood is lactose-free and Available in 30 servings powder suitable for vegans.*

Discussion XYMOGEN’s OrganiX PhytoFood is formulated to provide a convenient fruit extract, plum fruit extract, and blueberry concentrates provide source of indispensable phytonutrients, antioxidants, fiber, and additional antioxidant capacity and health-promoting phytonutrients.* digestive enzymes to complement a healthy diet and lifestyle.[1-5] A colorful blend of organic health-promoting “superfoods” have been SGS™ Broccoli Seed Extract SGS provides a concentrated source incorporated into this all-natural greens and reds drink for their of sulforaphane glucosinolate, also known as glucoraphanin. phytonutrient content and support of antioxidant activity.[6] SGS™ Glucoraphanin is a phytochemical precursor to sulforaphane, a from broccoli seed extract is added for long-lasting antioxidant naturally occurring isothiocyanate in broccoli that supports and and detoxification support. Probiotics, fiber, and digestive enzymes promotes antioxidant and detoxification activity.[11,12] Scientists at augment gastrointestinal health, absorption, and utilization of nutrients Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine identified glucoraphanin in this comprehensive superfood blend. Organic flavoring and natural (GR) and sulforaphane (SFN) as the “missing links” that correlate sweeteners (stevia and Luo Han Guo) make OrganiX PhytoFood not a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables with the maintenance of good only healthful but great tasting, as well.* health. Broccoli sprouts and seeds provide higher concentrations of GR than the mature vegetable.[13,14] Glucoraphanin is converted to SFN via Organic Fiber Blend Organic gum acacia, inulin, and flaxseeds the action of myrosinase, an enzyme in broccoli that is released during provide a total of 3 g of dietary fiber per scoop of OrganiX PhytoFood chewing, cutting, or slicing. Microorganisms can also convert GR to to support gastrointestinal function and probiotic activity as well as to SFN; the presence of probiotics and broccoli in OrganiX PhytoFood assure multiple health benefits from increased dietary fiber intake.*[7] may enhance this conversion in the body. Research suggests that GR and SFN provide long-lasting antioxidant and detoxification support Organic Greens and Veggies Blend Organic carrots, green cabbage, that may improve overall health and well-being.* broccoli, beets, chlorella, and spinach provide concentrated sources of folate, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and a multitude of phytonutrients that Digestive Support Blend Probiotic organisms L acidophilus, promote health and fight disease.[8,9] The greens in OrganiX PhytoFood B longum, L casei, and L rhamnosus are present to maintain a are naturally alkalizing. An alkaline pH is needed for optimal metabolic, healthy gastrointestinal microflora. A healthy microflora provides enzymatic, repair, and immune functions in the body.* gastrointestinal and immune support and helps to moderate and eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, Antioxidant Support Ascorbic acid, organic astragalus root, organic bromelain, cellulase, lactase, papain, and lipase) in OrganiX PhytoFood ginger root, and organic lycium berry extract provide an antioxidant- assist in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and lactose rich foundation to protect tissues from free-radical damage and to enhance nutrient digestion and availability.* promote cellular health. OxyPhyte® Ultra Blend (white tea leaf extract, apple fruit extract, and rosemary leaf extract) provides antioxidant OrganiX PhytoFood can be consumed by itself or as an support. In fact, in a preclinical bioavailability trial, results suggested accompaniment to any smoothie or protein drink. The inclusion of that this blend increased serum antioxidant levels in human phytonutrient-rich superfoods, OxyPhyte Ultra Blend, and SGS creates subjects.*[10] an innovative and ideal formula for antioxidant support.*

Organic Fruits and Berries Blend Organic apple juice powder, strawberry juice powder, sea buckthorn juice powder, açai, acerola EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com ™ ™ OrganiX PhytoFood Supplement Facts References Serving Size: 1 Scoop (8 g) Servings Per Container: 30 1. Murphy MM, Barraj LM, Herman D, et al. Phytonutrient intake by adults in the Amount Per Serving %DV* United States in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption. J Am Diet Assoc. Calories 20 2011 Nov 9. [PMID: 22078816] Total Carbohydrate 7 g 2% 2. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in Dietary Fiber 3 g 12% normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. Sugars 1 g ** 2007;39(1):44-84. [PMID: 16978905] Vitamin C 300 mg 500% Organic Fiber Blend (organic gum acacia, organic inulin, organic 4,150 mg ** 3. Block G. Dietary guidelines and the results of food consumption surveys. Am J

Antioxidant Activity flaxseed) Clin Nutr. 1991 Jan;53(1 Suppl):356S-357S. [PMID: 1985410] Organic Greens and Veggies Blend (organic carrot, organic green 1,360 mg ** 4. Wallace TC, Guarner F, Madsen K, et al. Human gut microbiota and its cabbage, organic broccoli, organic beet, organic chlorella, organic spinach) relationship to health and disease. Nutr Rev. 2011 Jul;69(7):392-403. [PMID: Antioxidant Phytonutrients Blend (ascorbic acid, OxyPhyte® Ultrablend 1,010 mg ** 21729093] (organic green tea leaf extract and organic apple fruit extract), organic astragalus root, organic ginger root, organic lycium berry extract) 5. Willcox DC, Willcox BJ, Todoriki H, et al. The Okinawan diet: health implications of a low-calorie, nutrient-dense, antioxidant-rich dietary pattern low in glycemic Organic Fruits and Berries Blend (organic blueberry, organic apple juice 875 mg ** powder, organic strawberry juice powder, organic sea-buckthorn juice load. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Aug;28 Suppl:500S-516S. [PMID: 20234038] powder, organic acai (Euterpe oleracea), organic acerola fruit extract, and organic plum fruit extract) 6. American Institute for Cancer Research. http://www.aicr.org/assets/docs/pdf/ brochures/US11FactsonPreventingCancerTheCancerFightersinYourFood.pdf. Digestive Support Blend (probiotics (L. acidophilus, B. longum, L. casei, 20 mg ** L. rhamnosus) and enzymes (protease, amylase, bromelain, cellulase, Accessed July 14, 2012. lactase, papain, lipase)) 7. Anderson JW, Baird P, Davis RH Jr, et al. Health benefits of dietary fiber.Nutr Glucoraphanin (from broccoli extract)(Brassica oleracea italica)(seed) 5.2 mg ** . 2009 Apr;67(4):188-205. Review. [PMID: 19335713] (SGS™) Rev * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 8. American Institute for Cancer Research. www.aicr.org. Accessed July 12, 2012. ** Daily Value (DV) not established. Gastrointestinal Support 9. Merchant RE, Andre CA. A review of recent clinical trials of the nutritional Other Ingredients: Organic flavors, organic stevia leaf extract, and organic Luo Han Guo fruit extract. supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the treatment of fibromyalgia,

™ hypertension, and ulcerative colitis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 May- DIRECTIONS: Blend, shake, or briskly stir one level scoop (8 g) of OrganiX Jun;7(3):79-91. [PMID: 11347287] PhytoFood™ into 6-8 fl oz chilled water, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Adjust amount of water to desired sweetness and/or thickness. 10. RFI Ingredients. http://rfiingredients.com/clinically.asp. Accessed July 12, 2012. 11. Zhang Y, Talalay P, Cho CG, et al. A major inducer of anticarcinogenic protective DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn protein, yeast, soy, animal or dairy enzymes from broccoli: isolation and elucidation of structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, artificial colors, artificial U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2399-403. [PMID: 1549603] sweeteners, or preservatives. 12. Riedl MA, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. Oral sulforaphane increases Phase CAUTIONS: Consult your healthcare practitioner before use. Keep out of reach of II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway. Clin Immunol. 2009 children. Avoid if allergic to any ingredient. Mar;130(3):244-51. [PMID: 19028145] 13. Fahey JW, Zhang Y, Talalay P. Broccoli sprouts: an exceptionally rich source of Cell-Life Regulation STORAGE: Keep tightly closed in a cool, dry place. inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens. Proc Natl Acad Produced under US patents 5,725,895; 5,968,505; Sci USA. 1997 Sep 16;94(19):10367-72. [PMID: 9294217] 5,968,567; 6,177,122 and 6,242,018 licensed from Brassica Protection Products LLC; SGS is a trademark of 14. Brassica®. http://www.brassica.com. Accessed July 12, 2012. Brassica Protection Products LLC.

Additional references available upon request

EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED All XYMOGEN® Formulas Meet or Exceed cGMP Quality Standards.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (RV) DRS-263 © XYMOGEN This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Rev. 07/25/12 Bone Health Support Female Health Joint & Muscle Support Male Health [21]

Vitamin K plays [17] [18] Continued on next page Continued on next The vitamin D3 in [12] Exclusive Professional Formulas Exclusive Professional ® , found in OSAplex Vegan, is a Vegan, found in OSAplex , ® ), a source of the mineral silicon. Silicon has a source of the mineral silicon. ), 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com ® XYMOGEN )* . A three-year study μg/d of MK-7 utilizing 180 . ® formulas offer a variety of micronutrient profiles, allowing of micronutrient profiles, formulas offer a variety [19,20] A meta-analysis of six controlled studies suggested Decades of scientific studies suggest that Ossopan ™ [5] [13-16] been researched for its role in collagen synthesis and bone mineral By adding other bone-specific nutrients to the ch-OSA density (BMD). each OSAplex formula is tailored to meet individual needs.* foundation, for individualized nutrition support of bone health and maintenance. The support of bone health and maintenance. for individualized nutrition foundation of each of these distinctive formulas is choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA Provide a Multifaceted Approach and to Bone Maintenance Provide a Multifaceted Strength* Support with Choline-Stabilized Orthosilicic Provide Foundational Acid (ch-OSA and Bone Bone Mineral Density, Support Bone Collagen Formation, Calcium Binding Sites* Provide a Complementary Combination Micronutrients* of OSAplex » » » » that hydroxyapatite than calcium was significantly more effective carbonate bone structure and BMD.* in supporting OSAplex Vegan is from an edible lichen source and is vegan-suitable.* edible lichen source and is vegan-suitable.* is from an Vegan OSAplex Calcium as Microcrystalline Concentrate Hydroxyapatite a (MCHC) OSAplex and OSAplex contain Ossopan MCHC, MK-7 bone extract from New Zealand bovine. standardized premium, This hydroxyapatite phosphorus, matrix comprises calcium, amino acids, type I collagen, bioactive growth factors, magnesium, and a broad range of essential trace elements. glycosaminoglycans, Hydroxyapatite is essentially a mineralized matrix that promotes to reinforced resistance to compression and can be compared concrete. OSAplex MK-7 and OSAplex Vegan contain Vegan Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) OSAplex MK-7 and OSAplex bioavailable form of vitamin K. a bioactive, MK-7, evaluating 11 RDBPC trials concluded that vitamin D supplementationevaluating 11 RDBPC trials concluded (>800 IU daily) was favorable in maintaining hip and nonvertebral bone integrity in those aged 65 and older. an active role in bone metabolism, calcium utilization, and activation and calcium utilization, an active role in bone metabolism, of osteocalcin (the protein needed to bind calcium to the mineral bone integrity by moderatingVitamin K supports the matrix in bone). synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 by osteoclasts. pharmaceutical-grade olive leaf extract that features a unique Stem cell research suggested that olive polyphenol complex. polyphenols are associated with increased osteoblast differentiation, concluded that MK-7 significantly improved vitamin K status, that MK-7 significantly improved vitamin K status, concluded and favorably supported supported bone mineral content and BMD, bone strength and integrity in healthy postmenopausal women.* Olive Leaf Extract Bonolive Clinical Applications Clinical » » » » supplementation fundamentally supports BMD and bone health. PATENTED •

) OSAplex ® utilizes an array ® EXCLUSIVE A pooled analysis [11] A 12-month, A 12-month, are available in 60 packets are available ™ [6-8] The mechanisms of action [1] Formulas Type I collagen is a dense, I collagen is a dense, Type [4] ™ One randomized, population- One randomized, [10] , and OSAplex Vegan and OSAplex ,

™ [9] Several randomized placebo-controlled trials [10] In cell-line studies, orthosilicic acid has been found to In cell-line studies, , OSAplex MK-7 OSAplex , and contributes to bone strength and flexibility. These and contributes to bone strength and flexibility. ™ [2,3] [5]

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, treat, is not intended to diagnose, This product OSAplex *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (RDBPC) trial suggested placebo-controlled double-blind, randomized, that benefit to a supplementing with ch-OSA conferred an additional calcium/vitamin D regimen by improving bone formation markers and femoral neck T-scores.* stimulate type I collagen synthesis. based, three-year trial indicated that supplementation with vitamin based, D (800 IU/d) and calcium (1000 mg/d) had a positive and statistically significant impact on total body bone integrity. formulas feature ch-OSA, a patented, stabilized, readily absorbed, readily absorbed, stabilized, a patented, formulas feature ch-OSA, Decades of research acid. bioactive form of silicon called orthosilicic positive association between dietarysuggest that there is a strong, silicon and bone mineral density (BMD). Silicon as Choline-Stabilized Orthosilicic Acid (ch-OSA Silicon as Choline-Stabilized Orthosilicic of complementary, well-researched nutrients in its OSAplex formulas of complementary, to build and maintain bone over time.*

Discussion of micronutrients Bone health is dependent on a constant supply Instead of adopting a single-nutrient, for maintenance and repair. XYMOGEN unbalanced approach to supplementation,

OSAplex Health and Strength* Overall Bone Supports strong collagen strands are believed to create core-post “binding strong collagenstrands are believed to create core-post for calcium and other bone minerals. sites” Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is the form of vitamin D that is endogenously synthesized in skin during exposure to sunlight. smog, several factors can limit this production including Unfortunately, exogenous many individuals, For and geographic location. sunblock, Vitamin D plays a role in bone supplementation may be beneficial. and calcium/phosphorus status; researchers BMD, metabolism, suggest that D supplementation vitamin may decrease bone turnover and increase BMD. with vitamin D and calcium showed significant improvement in maintenance of bone integrity. appear to be silicon’s support of collagen synthesis and stabilization, support of collagen stabilization, synthesis and appear be silicon’s to and connective tissue extracellular matrix mineralization, integrity. heavily protein that cross-linked creates high tensile an extremely strength Male Health Joint & Muscle Support Female Health Bone Health Support Minerals n.v., Belgium. STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy medicines. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. Calcium (asMCHC Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) OSAplex mcg ofMK-7from Vitamk7 if youaretakingblood-thinningmedication. 45 that Presentstudiesshow practitioner priortouse. ConsidertotalvitaminKintake(food+supplements) womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating times daily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Consumethecontentsofonepacketwithameal, onetotwo © XYMOGEN OSAplex MK-7 STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, products, dairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating times daily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Consumethecontentsofonepacketwithameal, onetotwo ‡ † Hydroxyapatite(asMCHC Microcrystalline Size:1Packet Serving Microcrystalline cellulose,HPMC(capsule),andpurifiedwater.Other Ingredientsforch-OSA:Microcrystalline vegetable magnesiumstearate,medium-chaintriglycerides,andsilica. Other IngredientsforOssopan1100withvitaminD3:HPMC(capsule),vegetablestearicacid, ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. Silicon (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid Choline (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid Phosphorus (asMCHC MCHC Choline-stabilized orthosilicicacid(ch-OSA HydroxyapatiteConcentrate Microcrystalline Minerals n.v., Belgium. ‡ † Microcrystalline Hydroxyapatite(asMCHC Microcrystalline Serving Size:1Packet Serving water. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),andpurified Other Ingredientsforch-OSAcapsule:Microcrystalline stearic acid,vegetablemagnesiumstearate,silica,andmedium-chaintriglycerides. Other IngredientsforOssopan1100withvitaminsD3andK2capsule:HPMC(capsule),vegetable ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. Silicon (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid Choline (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid Calcium (asMCHC Vitamin K2(asmenaquinone-7) Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Phosphorus (asMCHC MCHC Choline-stabilized orthosilicicacid(ch-OSA)isaregisteredtrademarkofandmanufacturedbyBio HydroxyapatiteConcentrate Microcrystalline † † ™ SupplementFacts † ) † ™ ) SupplementFacts † ) † ) ™ dailyisnotlikelytointerferewithblood-thinning † ) † ® ) ‡ ) isaregisteredtrademarkofandmanufacturedbyBio ‡ ) ‡ ) ‡ ) ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnot intended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Ossopan 1100 vitamins D3andK2 All XYMOGEN 1000 IU Amount 550 mg 198 mg 45 mcg with vitaminD3 Ossopan 1100 2000 IU Amount 550 mg 198 mg 1.32 g 1.32 g 2.2 g

2.2 g Capsules

Capsules EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE ™ 250% 500% %DV with 56% 55% 20% %DV 55% 20% (2) ** ** (2) ** ** ® ™ Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards.

ch-OSA

ch-OSA Amount 60 mg Amount 3 mg 60 mg 3 mg ® ® Capsule Capsule

%DV %DV (1) ** ** (1) ** ** and maintenanceofbone. olivepolyphenolsexertprotectiveeffectsontheformation that maintenance. mineralization,increased extracellularmatrix andbone placebo.* thelumbarspineandfemur neckcomparedto supported BMDat positively Bonolivesupplementation DEXA scanresultssuggestedthat markerosteocalcinovera12-month period.formation Furthermore, significant improvement(32%increase)inlevelsofthebone with routinecalciumsupplementation, promotedastatistically supplementation. 250mg/dofBonolive, Resultsrevealedthat along controlled clinical providedstrongsupportforBonolive study • PATENTED [24] [22] Researchonculturedcellsandanimalssuggested [23] A randomized, double-blind, placebo-

Continued onnext page Rev. (RV) DRS-198

08/06/13 Bone Health Support Female Health Joint & Muscle Support Male Health 08/06/13

(RV) DRS-198 (RV) Rev.

Additional references available upon request Additional references available Science. http://www.bonolive.com/science/. Accessed June 19, 2013. Accessed June 19, http://www.bonolive.com/science/. Science. ® . Concord, NH: Frtiz Perlberg Publishing; 2011. Perlberg Frtiz NH: Concord, . Nutritional Medicine Santiago-Mora R, Casado-Díaz A, De Castro MD, et al. Oleuropein enhances et al. De Castro MD, A, Casado-Díaz Santiago-Mora R, the effect on differentiation in stem osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis: [PMID: 2011 Feb;22(2):675-84. Osteoporos Int. cells derived from bone marrow. 20495905] Olive polyphenol hydroxytyrosol et al. Miyazaki H, Araki M, T, Goto Hagiwara K, [PMID: 2011 Jul 15;662(1-3):78-84. . Eur J Pharmacol prevents bone loss. 21539839] Bonolive Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Orav EJ, et al. A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose et al. Orav EJ, WC, Willett HA, Bischoff-Ferrari [PMID: 2012 Jul 5;367(1):40-9. N Engl J Med. requirements for fracture prevention. 22762317] Raloxifene plus ossein-hydroxyapatite et al. De la Cruz JJ, Haya J, I, Pelayo compound versus raloxifene plus calcium carbonateloss to control bone 2008 Nov- Menopause. trial. a randomized in postmenopausal women: 18791486] [PMID: Dec;15(6):1132-8. Preventing postmenopausal bone loss et al. Vicente JJ, F, Pons Castelo-Branco C, J prospective trial. Results of a two-year, with ossein-hydroxyapatite compounds. 10442322] [PMID: 1999 Jul;44(7):601-5. Reprod Med. Comparison of the effects of two et al. Howarth EM, Steel SA, Albertazzi P, different types of calcium supplementation on markers of bone metabolism in a a double-blind postmenopausal osteopenic population with low calcium intake: 15259281] [PMID: 2004 Mar;7(1):33-40. . Climacteric placebo-controlled trial. Comparison of the treatment effects of MA. Dambacher A, Keller Rüegsegger P, ossein-hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate compound in osteoporotic females. 7703621] [PMID: 1995 Jan;5(1):30-4. Osteoporos Int. of ossein- Efficacy et al. Cancelo-Hidalgo MJ, Ciria-Recasens M, Castelo-Branco C, hydroxyapatite a complex compared with calcium carbonate to prevent bone loss: 19407667] 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):984-91.[PMID: Menopause. meta-analysis. Vitamin K-containing et al. Hamulyák K, KJ, Teunissen Schurgers LJ, comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived dietary supplements: 17158229] [PMID: Apr 15;109(8):3279-83. 2007 Blood. menaquinone-7. Vitam Nutr is there a role for vitamin K? Int J Management of osteoporosis: P. Weber 9350477] [PMID: 1997;67(5):350-6. Res. The roles of vitamins D and K in bone health and osteoporosis Shearer MJ. 9483660] [PMID: 1997 Nov;56(3):915-37. Proc Nutr Soc. prevention. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 et al. Smit E, Drummen NE, Knapen MH, supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. 23525894] [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 2013 Mar 23. Osteoporos Int. . 2007 Mar- 2007 . Aging Health J Nutr bone health. Silicon and R. Jugdaohsingh 17435952] [PMID: Review. Apr;11(2):99-110. http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/ Natural Standard Database. Silica. 2013. Accessed June 12, herbssupplements/silica.asp?#. Gaby A. acid stimulates Orthosilicic collagen al. et R, Jugdaohsingh Ogston N, Reffitt DM, and osteoblastic differentiationtype 1 synthesis osteoblast-like cells in in human 12633784] [PMID: 2003 Feb;32(2):127-35. Bone. vitro. 2011 Biofactors. Calcium and bone disease. et al. Huang CL, Robinson LJ, Blair HC, 21674636] [PMID: Review. May-Jun;37(3):159-67. Supplementation stabilized of calves with Berghe DA. Vanden Calomme MR, and P concentrations in serum and Mg, Ca, Effect on the Si, orthosilicic acid. 1997 Elem Res. Trace Biol the collagen concentration in skin and cartilage. 9164661] [PMID: Feb;56(2):153-165. prevention of long-term Partial et al. Demeester N, Geusens P, Calomme MR, femoral bone loss in aged ovariectomized rats supplemented with choline- [PMID: 227-232. Apr;78(4): 2006, Calcif Tissue Int. stabilized orthosilicic acid. 16604283] The role of collagen in bone strength. Delmas PD. Garnero P, Viguet-Carrin S, 16341622] [PMID: Review. 2006;17(3):319-36. Osteoporos Int. Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid et al. Anderson SH, Calomme MR, TD, Spector supplementation to calcium/vitamin D3 stimulates as an adjunct markers of bone BMC placebo-controlled trial. a randomized, formation in osteopenic females: 18547426] [PMID: 2008 Jun 11;9:85. Musculoskelet Disord. Best Pract The effect of vitamin D on bone and osteoporosis. van Schoor NM. Lips P, 21872800] [PMID: Review. Aug;25(4):585-91. 2011 Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. Effect of calcium and vitamin et al. Salovaara K, M, Tuppurainen Kärkkäinen M, a D supplementation mineral density in women aged on bone 65-71 years: 2010 Osteoporos Int. 3-year randomized population-based trial (OSTPRE-FPS). 20204604] [PMID: Dec;21(12):2047-55.

22. 23. 24. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. PATENTED •

® ** ** %DV

Capsule 3 mg (1) ch-OSA 60 mg Serving Formulas Meet or Exceed cGMP Quality Standards. Amount Per ® ** daily is not likely to 25% %DV ™ EXCLUSIVE All XYMOGEN 20 mcg Serving 250 mg (2) Vegan Bone (2) Vegan Support Capsules Support Amount Per

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, treat, is not intended to diagnose, This product *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. %DV 250% Softgel Serving 1000 IU (1) D3 Vegan 1000 1000 (1) D3 Vegan Amount Per ) ® Supplement Facts Facts Supplement ™ ) ) ‡ ‡

Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) is a registered trademark of and manufactured by Bio (ch-OSA) is a registered trademark of and manufactured Choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid Choline (as choline-stabilized Choline (as choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid ‡ Serving 1 Packet Size: Minerals n.v., Belgium. Minerals n.v., of BioActor Bonolive is a registered trademark Silicon (as choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (DV) not established. ** Daily Value and vegetarian softgel softgel: Sunflower oil, d-alpha tocopherol, Other Ingredients for D3 Vegan water). carrageenan, vegetable glycerin, sorbitol, and purified (non-GMO modified cornstarch, Bone Support capsules: Microcrystalline cellulose, HPMC (capsule), Other Ingredients for Vegan triglycerides. ascorbyl palmitate, silica, and medium-chain capsule: MicrocrystallineOther Ingredients for ch-OSA cellulose, HPMC (capsule), and purified water. Vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) Vitamin D3 (as menaquinone-7) Vitamin K2 (as )(leaves) Olive Extract (Olea europaea (40% polyphenols)(Bonolive © XYMOGEN Take one packet twice daily, or as directed by your healthcare twice daily, one packet Take DIRECTIONS: practitioner. Consider total vitamin K Consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use. medication. intake (food + supplements) if you are taking blood-thinning Vitamk7 Present studies show that from 45 mcg of MK-7 OSAplex Vegan OSAplex interfere with blood-thinning medicines. Do not use if tamper seal is damaged. interfere with blood-thinning medicines. animal or dairy soy protein, yeast, gluten, Wheat, CONTAIN: DOES NOT ingredients derived from egg, nuts, tree peanuts, shellfish, fish, products, artificial sweeteners, artificial colors, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), or preservatives. dryof children. place out of reach in a cool, STORAGE: Keep tightly closed Ossopan Bone Health Support Comprehensive Bone Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Bone Metabolism* »» Supports Bone Strength* »» Provides Micronutrients for Utilization in Bone Production and Structure* Female Health

Ossopan is a well-researched, standardized extract from one of the world’s safest premium sources of bone—free-range New Zealand cattle. Ossopan contains microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC), a complex crystalline compound composed primarily of calcium, phosphorus, bioactive growth factors, type I collagen, amino acids, glycosaminoglycans, and a broad range of essential trace elements that naturally comprise healthy bone. Ossopan 1100™ provides 1100 mg of MCHC per capsule to optimally support bone strength and structure. Ossopan MD™ contains

additional calcium and magnesium in the form of highly absorbable Male Health Albion® TRAACS® patented mineral amino acid chelates. Vitamin D Ossopan 1100™ is available in 120 capsules is present in the form of cholecalciferol.* Ossopan MD™ is available in 120 & 240 capsules Discussion More than 20 years of scientific research have given the name integrity, and healthy bone metabolism.[9,10] A randomized, controlled Ossopan worldwide recognition as a source of microcrystalline study indicated that the addition of Ossopan to exogenously hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC). Numerous published studies administered hormones provided statistically significant support support the safety, tolerability, and bone health-related effectiveness (4.7%, P<0.1) to vertebral bone mass.[10] Another study of 60 subjects of MCHC supplementation.[1,2] Studies suggest that the bioavailability suggested that bone mass was maintained while on Ossopan.*[11] of calcium from MCHC supplements may be as good as or better than the bioavailability of calcium from calcium gluconate supplements.[3,4] Ossopan 1100 is high-quality MCHC from New Zealand. The XYMOGEN utilizes standardized, safe, bovine-sourced MCHC from New World Organization for Animal Health (the OIE) has classified New Zealand, a country with stringent standards. Its production features a Zealand as a “negligible BSE risk country,” the most favorable proprietary technique that preserves the bioactive contents of bone. official classification a country can be given.[12] Ossopan 1100 is This process creates a naturally balanced formula because whole manufactured under proprietary processes that meet FDA, USDA, and bone extract provides all of the nutrients found in healthy bone.* EU regulatory requirements. Gentle processing is used to retain the delicate protein matrix and organic factors. X-ray-diffraction analysis Unlike other calcium supplements on the market, Ossopan 1100™ confirms the microcrystalline structure. The MCHC is assayed for consists of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins and peptides. hydroxyproline content. The collagen content is greater than 22% with These compounds include insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, the majority being type l, the predominant collagen occurring in bone. IGF-II), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and osteocalcin, Frequent heavy metal assays assure purity. factors that stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity and support metabolism in human bone cells.[5] Removal of the protein fraction Ossopan MD™ incorporates Ossopan, vitamin D, magnesium, and appears to reduce the positive effects of the formula, highlighting the additional calcium in a comprehensive formula. Vitamin D is provided importance of its presence.*[6] as cholecalciferol, which stimulates intestinal calcium absorption and helps support calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the body. The A study suggested that the occurrence of positive and statistically formula contains a desirable 2:1 ratio of calcium to magnesium. The significant changes in forearm bone integrity were the result of daily malate chelates do not react with stomach acid and are less likely supplementation with 3000 mg of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite.[7] than carbonates to cause discomfort and acid rebound.*[13] Earlier studies compared Ossopan to other forms of calcium with regard to the support of normal bone turnover and bone mineral integrity. In one 20-month, double-blind study, women were given 1400 mg of elemental calcium (equivalent to approximately 5000 mg MCHC) as either calcium carbonate or Ossopan. At the end of the study, the presence of bone integrity was statistically significant in the Ossopan group.*[8]

Clinical trials suggested that Ossopan supplementation was well- tolerated and yielded a positive outcome for dental status, bone

® Di-CalciumMalate)

† ) † ) ® Magnesium *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration.

This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing 550 mg 198 mg 600 mg 400 mg 200 mg 100 IU 1.32 g 90 mg 2.2 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 1 g %Daily Value %Daily Value 40% 50% 25% 55% 20% 9% ** ** ** ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 13. 12. 11. 10.

research-notes/download?start=40. Research Notes; 2003;12(2).April http://www.albionhumannutrition.com/ 1990;29(4):85-7. [PMID: 2176437] clinical Ossopan[inBulgarian]. trialofthepreparation AkushGinekol(Sofiia). Khadzhiev A, RachevE, M, Katsarova S. Cherveniashki The resultsofa females. OsteoporosInt.1995Jan;5(1):30-4. [PMID: 7703621] inosteoporotic compoundandcalciumcarbonate of ossein-hydroxyapatite Rüegsegger P, Keller A, DambacherMA. effects Comparisonofthetreatment 32. [PMID: 17358094] compound.with anossein-hydroxyapatite ClinDrugInvestig.2007;27(4):227- osteoporosis: four-year ofacohortpostmenopausalwomentreated follow-up Fernández-Pareja A, Hernández-BlancoE, Pérez-Maceda JM, etal. Preventionof 1986;10(4):241-50. [PMID: 3022988] compound (‘Ossopan’)onthehealingofabonedefect. CurrMedResOpin. Annefeld M, R, Caviezel SchachtE, etal. The influenceofossein-hydroxyapatite ossein-mineral-compound. LifeSci.1991;49(13):PL79-84. [PMID: 1653384] Stepan JJ, MohanS, JenningsJC, etal. factorsin ofgrowth Quantitation 6287835] cirrhosis. biliary with primary AmJClinNutr. 1982Sep;36(3):426-30. [PMID: ofcorticalbonethinninginpostmenopausalwomen intreatment gluconate Epstein O, Kato Y, DickR, etal. Vitamin D, hydroxyapatite, andcalcium 3026039] French]. SchweizMedWochenschr. 1986Dec13;116(50):1780-3. [PMID: and oseine-mineralcomplex: byconventionalanalyses[in anevaluation Buclin T, Jacquet AF, BurckhardtP. Intestinalabsorptionofcalciumgluconate hepatitis. PostgradMedJ.1985Sep;61(719):791-6. [PMID: 2997764] withchronicactive patients in preventionofbonelosscorticosteroid-treated Stellon A, Davies A, Webb A, compound etal. hydroxyapatite Microcrystalline therapy. CurrMedResOpin.1984;8(10):734-42. [PMID: 6373153] compound (‘Ossopan’)inthepreventionofosteoporosisduetocorticosteroid Pines A, H, Raafat Lynn AH, etal. hydroxyapatite Clinicaltrialofmicrocrystalline Albion. Malicacidcanbetherightligandforcertainapplications. Albion -of-bse-risk-status/.official-disease-status/bse/list Accessed October10, 2012. site.Health Web for Animal ofMembers. Status Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy OIE-World Organization trial. JReprodMed.1999Jul;44(7):601-5. [PMID: 10442322] compounds.loss withossein-hydroxyapatite Resultsofatwo-year, prospective Castelo-Branco C, Pons F, Vicente JJ, etal. Preventingpostmenopausalbone 10202741] hormone replacementtherapy. JReprodMed.1999Mar;44(3):241-6. [PMID: compounds forpreventingpostmenopausalboneloss. Coadjuvantusewith Castelo-Branco C, MartínezdeOsabaMJ, Pons F, etal. Ossein-hydroxyapatite Additional referencesavailable uponrequest http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/ Accessed October10, 2012. Rev. (RV) DRS-111

® 12/04/12

PanXyme pH™ Gastrointestinal Support Acid Resistant, Non-Animal Derived Digestive Enzymes Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Digestion of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, and Vegetable Fiber* »» Supports Assimilation of Nutrients* »» Supports Normal Pancreatic Function*

PanXyme pH™ is a proprietary blend of digestive enzymes derived from the fermentation action of fungi such as Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus niveus, microorganisms safely used in fermenting foods, including cheese, soy sauce, and yogurt. These non-animal derived enzymes support the assimilation of nutrients in foods and the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vegetable matter. Clinical trials suggest that PanXyme pH is effective across a broad spectrum of pH ranges.*

Available in 90 capsules & 180 capsules Discussion Enzymes are functional proteins that participate in important improved the nutritional status of elderly individuals. Although body metabolic processes throughout the body, such as the digestion of weight did not change significantly, individuals receiving the digestive macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats). During digestion, enzyme blend were found to have a significant increase in both specific enzymes break down specific macronutrients: amylases serum albumin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, convert carbohydrates to simple sugars (mono- and di-saccharides), suggesting that pancreatic enzyme administration supported markers proteases (also called proteolytic enzymes) convert proteins into for health and longevity.*[6,7] peptides and free amino acids, and lipases break down fats into free fatty acids (monoglycerides) and glycerol. The pancreas produces The enzymes in PanXyme pH are prepared by fermentation, extraction, these enzymes and releases them into the small intestine, where the purification, and standardization of enzymes produced by types majority of digestion takes place. Adequate production, release, and of fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., and Rhizopus delivery of enzymes are necessary for optimal digestion.* niveus. Microbes employed for the manufacture of enzymes are safe microorganisms that have been used for a long time in the The use of supplemental digestive enzymes was employed in the manufacture of fermented foods, such as beer, cheese, soy sauce, 1940s by physician and researcher Edward Howell,[1] and today and yogurt. XYMOGEN is proud to source this formula from Amano supplemental enzymes continue to be utilized clinically to support Enzyme Inc., a Japanese company that has been manufacturing digestion, assimilation, and gastrointestinal health.[2] Digestive enzymes since 1950 and is one of the top enzyme producers in the enzymes are recommended to select individuals to support normal world.[8] The company performs intensive testing to confirm the safety pancreatic digestive function.*[3,4] of the enzymes and the specific strains used. Amano also assays the individual enzymes in PanXyme pH for heavy metals and overall purity. PanXyme pH contains a variety of digestive enzymes to provide broad spectrum support.[5] Biodiastase contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, protease for protein digestion, and cellulase to support the breakdown of vegetable fiber.Lipase is present to facilitate the breakdown of fats. Newlase contains both protease and lipase to further support healthy and complete digestion.*

PanXyme pH maintains optimal activity throughout the digestive tract, an important factor in supporting healthy digestion and absorption. It is not denatured by gastric acid or negatively affected by the alkaline environment in the intestines. A pH range of 3.5 to 6.0 creates the optimal environment for the enzymes in PanXyme pH; however, the enzymes remain stable within a range of 3.0 to 9.0.*

In addition to improving the digestive process, the combination of biodiastase, lipase, and newlase—the enzymes found in PanXyme pH—was clinically tested in a 25-week intervention trial to see if it

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 292,500 MWU 510 FIP 500 JP 30 FIP ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Accessed January 3,Accessed January 2013. Amano EnzymeInc. https://www.amano-enzyme.co.jp/aeu/index.html. .pdf/wave_e/vol7/vol7_topic.pdf 3,Accessed January 2013. Enzyme Wave. Newsletter. June2004;vol7. http://www.amano-enzyme.co.jp/ Amano EnzymeInc. intheelderly. Digestiveenzymesimprovenutritionalstatus Health Aging. 2001;5(2):97-102. [PMID: 11426289] H.Shibata NutritionalfactorsonlongevityandqualityoflifeinJapan. JNutr .co.jp/aeu/product/dietarysupplement.html 3,Accessed January 2013. Amano EnzymeInc. SupplementUse. Dietary https://www.amano-enzyme. Sep;28(3):695-707. Review. [PMID: 10503145] with acuteandchronicpancreatitis. GastroenterolClinNorth Am. 1999 JS,Scolapio N, Malhi-Chowla Ukleja A. inpatients Nutritionsupplementation Jan;21(1):104-8. [PMID: 3633631] withchronicpancreatitis. inpatients therapy ScandJGastroenterol. 1986 Halgreen H, Pedersen NT, Worning H. enzyme effectofpancreatic Symptomatic hn-1052003.html#hn-1052003-supplements. 3,Accessed January 2013. PeaceHealth MedicalGroup. http://www.peacehealth.org/xhtml/content/cam/ PublishingGroup;1985. Avery E,Howell MurrayM. Enzymenutrition: The foodenzymeconcept. Wayne,NJ: Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

REV. 01/14/13 (RV) DRS-148 PepciX™ Gastrointestinal Support Supports Gastric Health* Clinical Applications

» Supports the Relief of Occasional Gastric Discomforts (e.g., occasional heartburn/indigestion, upset stomach, belching, burping, bloat, mild nausea)* » Helps Maintain a Healthy Balance of Gastric Flora* » Protects and Supports the Integrity of the Gastric Mucosa* » Provides Antioxidant Activity in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract* » Supports Healthy Cytokine Expression in Gastric Cells*

PepciX™ is a zinc-carnosine complex consisting of elemental zinc as well as L-carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide (beta-alanine and L-histidine) found in muscle and brain tissue. More than 40 human and animal studies have demonstrated PepciX safely and effectively supports the stomach’s own natural cell-protective mechanisms without interfering in the normal digestive process.* Available in 60 tablets Discussion Many factors impact digestion, the stomach’s mucosal lining, and Zinc L-carnosine complex does not rapidly break down in the the overall health of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For various stomach because it is a polymer. Japanese researchers found that reasons, there may be temporary upset in the balance of fl ora present this prolonged-release complex adheres to areas of the stomach in the gastric environment.[1] A wide range of treatments exist for lining and forms a new mixed ligand complex with other body the approximately 25-40% of Americans who suffer from occasional components (perhaps proteins, like albumin) for extra support. common upper GI discomforts. Whereas an effort is commonly made At some point, a ligand exchange frees the L-carnosine and zinc to either neutralize or block gastric acid, PepciX, a zinc L-carnosine from the complex and makes each available to optimize the health complex, supports the stomach’s natural “cytoprotective” defense of the mucosal lining.[6] In addition to the benefi ts these nutrients mechanisms without negatively impacting stomach pH. In human have in the GI tract, L-carnosine has antioxidant activity[7] and zinc studies, including four- and eight-week clinical trials among 691 participates in the body’s healthy natural response to infl ammation.[8] subjects, zinc L-carnosine exhibited high effi cacy without any serious Animal studies have demonstrated that the zinc L-carnosine complex side effects.*[2] maintains the homeostasis of the gastric mucosa by its antioxidative, membrane-stabilizing capability[6,9] and by protecting gastric cells Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of the amino via promotion of mucous production.[5] The zinc L-carnosine complex acids L-histidine and beta-alanine. Carnosine can form stable also blunts genetic proinfl ammatory signaling and the release of complexes (ligands) with ion minerals like zinc and copper. PepciX proinfl ammatory cytokine expression in the gastric epithelial cells.[10] contains a unique, proprietary zinc L-carnosine complex that has A 2012 phase III clinical trial in Japan demonstrated a mechanism been in wide use in Japan since 1994. PepciX differs chemically and of action that explains why, in dietary zinc-defi cient rats, zinc biologically from a simple combination of zinc and L-carnosine and L-carnosine administration restored the lingual epithelium’s zinc has been shown to be approximately three times more effective than content. Interestingly, it also improved defi ciency-induced delayed cell supplementing individually with either zinc sulfate or L-carnosine.*[3] proliferation of taste bud cells.*[11]

A healthy gastric mucosal lining protects the upper gastrointestinal PepciX is a zinc L-carnosine complex that safely and effectively tract unless it is overburdened by the damaging effects of stress, supports the stomach and upper GI tract’s integrity. bacteria, or irritating substances. Since L-carnosine and zinc each have mucosa-supportive properties, it is not surprising that the zinc L-carnosine ligand signifi cantly protects and has been shown to enhance the integrity of the gastric lining. Thus, a healthy balance of fl ora may be re-established within the stomach in a relatively short time frame. In addition to its support of mucosa integrity, PepciX has been shown, in a study on rats, to enhance cellular resistance to ethanol without affecting endogenous prostaglandins.[4,5] This is highly relevant because prostaglandins are key components of the mucosa. This zinc L-carnosine complex has also been shown to have anti- urease activity, which may indirectly support the gastric mucosa by maintaining a healthy balance of fl ora in the stomach.*[6]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Gastrointestinal Support STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy and onetabletbeforebedtime, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. afterbreakfast withliquidorchewonetabletimmediately DIRECTIONS: Swallow PepciX © XYMOGEN Serving Size:1TabletServing Other Ingredients:Isomalt,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,modifi edcellulose,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. Zinc-Carnosine Zinc (aszinc-carnosine) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 75 mg 16 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 100% ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References Zasshi. 2012;132(3):271-7. [PMID: 22382829] Takei M. research[inJapanese].The developmentofpolaprezinc Yakugaku Oct;291(1); 345-52. [PMID: 10490923] interleukin-8 expressioningastricepithelialcells. JPharmacolExp Ther . 1999 proinfl cytokine-induced nuclearammatory factor-kappaB and activation Shimada T, Watanabe N, Ohtsuka Y, etal. Polaprezinc down-regulates Aug;100(2):165-72. [PMID: 1385281] incision inguineapigs[inJapanese]. NipponYakurigakuZasshi. 1992 Seiki M, Aita H, UekiS, etal. EffectofZ-103onwoundhealingbydermal infl ammation. withincreasedseverityofHelicobacterpylori-induced mucosa areassociated Sempértegui F, DíazM, MejíaR, etal. ofzincingastric concentrations Low 16181134] antioxidants: areview. CurrMedChem. 2005;12(20):2293-315. [PMID: Guiotto A, Calderan A, RuzzaP, etal. Carnosineandcarnosine-related use. (Mosc). Biochemistry 2000Jul;65(7):817-23. [PMID: 10951100] Matsukura T, Tanaka H. ofzinccomplexL-carnosineformedical Applicability E2.endogenous prostaglandin DigDisSci. 1990;35:559-66. [PMID: 2331952] causedbyethanolinrats.gastric mucosalandcelldamage with Correlation Arakawa T, H, Satoh Nakamura A, etal. EffectsofzincL-carnosineon polaprezinc. JPhysiolPharmacol1999;50:183-95. [PMID: 10424716] stomachs:actions ofmonochloramineinrat effectsofzincL-carnosine, Nishiwaki H, S, Kato SugamotoS, etal. Ulcerogenicandhealingimpairing 2000;45(6):1200-1209. [PMID:10877238] effect onimpairedhealingofgastriclesionsindiabeticrats. DigDisSci. Korolkiewicz RP, Fujita A, SetoK, etal. Polaprezinc exertsasalutary Pharmacol Ther . ofnumerousstudiespresentedinJpn 1992;(20)1. Compilation 11472319] gastritis.PharmacolTher.of atrophic Aliment2001 Aug;15(8):1163-75. [PMID: suppressive therapy: increaseofpro-infl cytokines anddevelopment ammatory with Helicobacterpyloriandnon-Helicobacterbacteriaduringacid- Sanduleanu S, JonkersD, DeBruïne A, etal. Doublegastricinfection Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Helicobacter. 2007Feb;12(1):43-8. [PMID: 17241300] Rev. 07/16/12 (RV) DRS-179 PhosphaLine™ Cardiovascular Support 100% Pure Polyenylphosphatidylcholine Concentrate Clinical Applications » Supports Healthy Cell Membrane Composition and Normal Membrane Repair Mechanisms* » Supports Cell Membrane Fluidity* » Supports Liver Health and Function* » Supports Detoxifi cation Enzymes* Fatty Acids Essential » Supports Cardiovascular Health* » A Source of Choline (~130 mg/softgel)

PhosphaLine™ provides 2.7 g of pure polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) per serving plus the highest concentrated source of 1,2 DLPC (dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine). Unlike most other phosphatidylcholine products on the market, PhosphaLine contains no other phospholipids, aside from PPC and DLPC, that may compete for absorption. Studies suggest that PPC ingestion increases choline levels in the blood and brain and supports acetylcholine synthesis for healthy neuronal and cell function. Daily supplementation of PPC may help maintain healthy brain and liver function, healthy cholesterol levels already within the normal

range, and gastric mucosal protection. PPC is widely used to support Liver Support healthy aging.* Available in 100 softgels, 300 softgels, and 8 oz (240 mL) liquid Discussion Phospholipids are the basic building blocks of cellular membranes. research suggesting the health beneﬁ ts that may be gained from Every phospholipid contains two fatty acid tails (triglycerides contain phosphatidylcholine supplementation include liver function,[2,5] three) linked to a group of molecules containing phosphorus. The detoxiﬁ cation,[2,5] lipid metabolism and lipoprotein biosynthesis,[6,7] phosphorus-containing “head” of a phospholipid is hydrophilic; the cytoprotection (gastric, beta cells),[8,9] and cytokine formation.*[10,11]

“tails” are hydrophobic and love oil. When phospholipids come in Neurologic & Cognitive contact with water, the hydrophobic tails line up soldier-fashion Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) is a polyunsaturated next to each other with the hydrophilic head groups on either side phosphatidylcholine extracted from soybeans. As an excellent forming a very thin, fl exible (or “fl uid”), and partially permeable bilayer source of phosphatidylcholine, PPC supplementation has been structure—the cell membrane.* widely studied.[2,4,7-9,12] PhosphaLine provides a patented and purifi ed source of 100% pure PPC. PPC is thought to be functionally superior The cell membrane is where virtually all the important metabolic to other forms of phosphatidylcholine because of its content of reactions occur. But lowered phospholipid availability may sometimes 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and linoleic acid, which limit these essential functions. While the body can biosynthesize binds at the c1 and c2 positions of the DLPC molecule.*[2,3,11,12] phospholipids from other substances, the process requires many enzymes and a great deal of energy. Exogenous sources of 1,2 dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) The quantitatively and phospholipids can supplement biosynthesis. Research suggests that qualitatively dominating molecule in PPC is DLPC, and PhosphaLine supporting phospholipid availability is important in cellular protection provides up to 52% DLPC. The presence of DLPC in PPC is the most and repair and in membrane fl uidity.[1,2] Furthermore, scientifi c important difference between PPC and typical phospholipids, such as understanding of the importance of phospholipids in organ and system triple lecithin and raw lecithin, and this difference is thought to be the health continues to grow. As explained by Krosnjar et al, “A healthy main reason for the advantages PPC has over other phospholipids.[11,12] cell membrane leads to healthy cells and then healthy tissue and then Increasing the DLPC content of cell membranes increases membrane to healthy organs or body systems and fi nally, healthy bodies and fl uidity and therefore positively infl uences membrane-dependent minds.”*[3] functions.[2] For instance, in vitro research suggests that DLPC can modulate the infl ammatory response through nuclear erythroid Phosphatidylcholine is a class of phospholipids that, while similar in 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2).[11] Other in vitro work revealed that PPC has many respects to other types of phospholipids, has some important strong antioxidant activity and that DLPC is mainly responsible for its health-promoting differences. The most distinguishable physical protective effect.*[12] characteristics between simple phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine are the choline head and the unsaturated fatty acid chains that Fatty Acids As stated earlier, the fatty acid tails of soy-derived PPC comprise the tail. Phosphatidylcholine is perhaps the most important provide polyunsaturated fatty acids. Each of our cells can produce molecule among tens of thousands of molecules that comprise a cell, many of the lipid tails, such as saturated (palmitic and stearic) fatty accounting for nearly 50% of the cell membrane.* acids and monounsaturated (oleic and nervonic) fatty acids, but not essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.* Not only does phosphatidylcholine support healthy cell membrane composition and function, it also supports healthy choline levels and brain acetylcholine formation.[4] Furthermore, areas of

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Liver Support Essential Fatty Acids Cardiovascular Support PhosphaLine 30°C (59°-86°F). 15°- controlledroomtemperature STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed placeat inadry children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial protein, soy dairy practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twotothreesoftgelsdaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry CAUTION: Keepoutofreachchildren. colors, sweeteners, orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, products, dairy artifi cial healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Onehalflevelteaspoonthreetimesdailyorasdirectedbyyour PhosphaLine © XYMOGEN Other Ingredients:Phosphatidylcholine,glycerides,fattyacids,ethanolandnaturalVitaminE. ** DailyValue notestablished. * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Vitamin E Phosphatidylcholine MonounsaturatedFat PolyunsaturatedFat SaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories † Serving Size:OneTeaspoonServing (5mL) Phosphatidylcholine (aspolyenylphosphatidylcholine) MonounsaturatedFat PolyunsaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:3Softgels Serving Other Ingredients:Glycerides,fattyacids,ethanol,gelatin,glycerin,andwater. ** DailyValue notestablished. %DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ™ ™ SoftgelSupplementFacts LiquidSupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing mutPrSrig%DailyValue* Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 3,000 mg 1.96 g 0.64 g 0.22 g 2.82 g 2.7 g 1.5 g 0.5 g 7 IU 3 g 25 28 30 30 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 23% 1% 4% 5% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** † 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References Nov;47(9):507-12. [PMID: 10572382] active antioxidantofpolyenylphosphatidylcholine. JInvestigMed. 1999 Aleynik SI, LeoMA, Takeshige U, etal. isthe Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine macrophages. Biofactors. 2010May-Jun;36(3):210-15. [PMID: 20336709] expression oftheanti-infl hemeoxygenase-1inRAW264.7 ammatory Son Y, LeeJH, KimNH, etal. inducesthe Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine Shock. 2012 Aug;38(2):177-85. [PMID: 22576006] inflattenuates modelofexperimentalcolitis. inarat mucosaldamage ammatory Kovács T, Varga G, ErcesD, supplementation etal. phosphatidylcholine Dietary Oct;30(10):1974-78. [PMID: 15045164] withsepsis. inrats activity andlipidperoxidation IntensiveCareMed. 2004 oncytokines,polyenylphosphatidylcholine levels, nitrite/nitrate antioxidant Demirbilek S, MO, Ersoy DemirbilekS, etal. Effectsof 12871982] by streptozotocin. JHistochemCytochem. 2003 Aug;51(8):1005-15. [PMID: (PPC)onbeta-cellsduringdiabeticinduction polyenoylphosphatidylcholine Lee SH, Han YM, Min BH, etal. Cytoprotectiveeffectsof Feb;32(2):53-56. [PMID: 8004358] the lipoproteinprofi le indiabeticpatients. IntJClinPharmacol Ther . 1994 Kirsten R, HeintzB, NelsonK, etal. improves Polyenylphosphatidylcholine absorption. Nutrients. 2010Feb;2(2):116-27. [PMID: 22254012] Cohn JS, Kamili A, Wat E, etal. phospholipidsandintestinalcholesterol Dietary 14720455] to noveltreatments. CurrGastroenterolRep . 2004Feb;6(1):60-65. [PMID: Lieber CS. ofalcoholicliverdiseaselead Newconceptsofthepathogenesis Jan;111(1):166-70. [PMID: 7192727] on serumcholine, braincholineandacetylcholine. JNutr. 1981 SG,Magil ZeiselSH, Wurtman RJ. oregglecithins Effectsofingestingsoy Aug;5(3):63-68. [PMID: 16351585] (PPC)inrats. BosnJBasicMedSci.polyenylphosphatidylcholine 2005 S,Krosnjar Todić M, BakićS, etal. Oralacutetoxicityof [PMID: 21857075] inliverdiseases.(EPL) fromsoybean PharmacolRep. 2011;63(3):643-59. Gundermann KJ, Kuenker A, Kuntz E, etal. Activity ofessentialphospholipids 2002 Dec30;1585(2-3):87-96. Review. [PMID: 12531541] Cui Z, HouwelingM.Biophys Acta. andcelldeath. Phosphatidylcholine Biochim Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 08/20/12 (RV) DRS-166 ™

PhosphaLine 4:1 Detoxification Complex with 4:1 Ratio of Omega 6 to Omega 3 Clinical Applications »» Supports Cell Membrane Composition and Normal Membrane Repair Mechanisms* »» Supports Fluidity of Cell Membranes* »» Supports Nervous System Health* Essential Fatty Acids Essential »» Helps Protect Hepatocytes, Pancreatic Beta Cells, and Gastric Mucosa* »» Supports Cardiovascular Health* »» Supports Detoxification Enzymes*

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is perhaps the most important molecule among tens of thousands of molecules that comprise a cell. It makes up approximately 50% of the cell membrane, which holds the balance of life in every cell. The pure phospholipids in PhosphaLine 4:1™ form liposomes in the body’s watery environment. Whereas many other PC formulas on the market contain an approximate ratio of 12:1 between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids,

PhosphaLine 4:1 contains a 4:1 ratio, which has been endorsed as Liver Support optimal by the World Health Organization. Available in 100 softgels, 300 softgels & 8 oz (237 mL) liquid Discussion Phospholipids are the basic building blocks of cellular membranes. PC significantly reduces levels of inflammatory substances, increases Every phospholipid contains two fatty acid tails (triglycerides contain antioxidant activity, and decreases lipid peroxidation.*[2] three) linked to a group of molecules containing phosphorus. The phosphorus-containing “head” of a phospholipid is hydrophilic; the Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) constitutes ~ 35% of the membrane

“tails” are hydrophobic and love oil. When phospholipids come in and is a precursor of PC. It contributes ~30% of PC biosynthesis Neurologic & Cognitive contact with water, the hydrophobic tails line up soldier-fashion next through a triple methylation process. Supplementation with a methyl to each other with the hydrophilic head groups on either side forming donor, such as folate, B12, or S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), will a very thin flexible (or “fluid”), partially permeable bi-layer structure— support PC biosynthesis. An important characteristic of PE is its ability the cell membrane.* to “anchor” arachidonic acid (AA). Although AA tends to be associated with the inflammatory cascade, it has critical functions in the body. The cell membrane is where virtually all the important metabolic [3] For example, along with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), AA is key to reactions occur. But lowered phospholipid availability may sometimes brain development and visual acuity.[4] AA is also able to “dock” onto limit these essential functions. While the body can biosynthesize phosphatidylinositol (PI), another membrane phospholipid present in phospholipids from other substances, the process requires many PhosphaLine 4:1.* enzymes and a great deal of energy. Consequently, exogenous sources of phospholipids can supplement biosynthesis for more Fatty Acids are another benefit the body derives from phospholipid optimal membrane composition and function. Research suggests supplementation. Each of our cells can produce many of the lipid that supporting phospholipid availability is important in cellular tails, such as saturated (palmitic and stearic) fatty acids and protection and repair and in membrane fluidity. Furthermore, the monounsaturated (oleic and nervonic) fatty acids, but not the omega-6 roles of phospholipids in organ and system health continue to expand or the omega-3 fatty acids. PhosphaLine 4:1 contains these two types as findings point to how phospholipids protect hepatocytes and of essential fatty acids in the critically important ratio of four parts pancreatic beta cells, and also support nervous and cardiovascular omega-6 to one part omega-3.*[11] system health.*[1-10]

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid component in all cells. In fact, it constitutes ~50% of the membrane surrounding every cell as well as the membranes protecting intracellular organelles. It is the most prominent and important among the tens of thousands of molecules comprising a cell. To date, a MEDLINE® database search for “phosphatidylcholine” yields more than 47,000 citations. Noteworthy is one that focuses on PC’s ability to support healthy cellular biochemistry and normal cellular life cycle. This study further elucidates the negative impact of perturbations in PC homeostasis and how PC replacement can be critical in cell viability.[1] Phosphatidylcholine is most concentrated in the liver. In fact, all detoxification enzymes need phospholipids for their activity.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Liver Support Essential Fatty Acids Detoxifiacation PhosphaLine 4:1 30°C (59°-86°F), outofreachchildren. 15°- controlledroomtemperature STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed placeat inadry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twosoftgelsdaily, oruseasdirectedbyyourhealthcare © XYMOGEN 30°C (59°-86°F), outofreachchildren. 15°- controlledroomtemperature STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed placeat inadry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating directed byyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Oncedaily, measure one teaspoon(5mL)andconsume, oruseas PhosphaLine 4:1 acids, ethanol,andgelatin. blendofessentialfattyacidslinoleicandalpha-linolenic,oleicacid,minor glycolipids, aproprietary Other Ingredients:Phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylinositol,minor † ** DailyValue notestablished. Serving Size:OneTeaspoonServing (5mL) Phospholipid Complex MonounsaturatedFat PolyunsaturatedFat SaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Size:2Softgels Serving acids, andethanol. blendofessentialfattyacidslinoleicand alpha-linolenic,oleicacid,minorfatty glycolipids, aproprietary Other Ingredients:Phosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylinositol,minor ** DailyValue notestablished. * Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. Phospholipid Complex MonounsaturatedFat PolyunsaturatedFat SaturatedFat Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet.

™ ™ LiquidSupplementFacts SoftgelsSupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 900 mg 0.34 g 1.90 g 0.61 g 2.85 g 0.11 g 0.6 g 0.2 g 0.9 g 3 g 25 28 8 9 ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %DailyValue* %DailyValue 1.5% <1% 2% 4% ** ** ** ** ** ** † 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 11. 10.

3):90-98. [PMID: 15164756] .in chronicallybile-divertedrats BiochimBiophys Acta. 2004Mar22;1636(2- absorption liposomespartiallyreconstitutesfat phosphatidylcholinecholesterol Nishioka T, R, Having Tazuma S, etal. of Administration cholesterol. LifeSci.1997;61(19):1907-14. [PMID: 9364195] alcoholic hyperlipemiawithoutaffectingthealcohol-inducedriseofHDL- KP,Navder BaraonaE, LieberCS. decreases Polyenylphosphatidylcholine pdf. Accessed May8, 2012. (PC). APV/Mainz; March11, 1996: 1-5. http://www.nutrasal.com/library/pdfs/23. Ghyczy M, HoffE, GareibJ. Gastricmucosaprotectionbyphosphatidylcholine 12871982] by streptozotocin.JHistochemCytochem.2003 Aug;51(8):1005-15. [PMID: (PPC)onbeta-cellsduringdiabeticinduction polyenoylphosphatidylcholine Lee SH, Han YM, Min BH, etal. Cytoprotectiveeffectsof 14720455] to noveltreatments. CurrGastroenterolRep . 2004Feb;6(1):60-65. [PMID: Lieber CS. ofalcoholicliverdiseaselead Newconceptsofthepathogenesis 11144440] development. JPediatr GastroenterolNutr. 2000Nov;31(5):540-53. [PMID: visual acidsonlater fatty lipid compositionoflong-chainpolyunsaturated Hoffman DR, BirchEE, BirchDG, etal. intakeandblood Impactofearlydietary 1993. http://www.nutrasal.com/library/pdfs/5.pdf. Accessed May9, 2012. Szczecin, Poland: and InstituteofPharmacology Toxicology, Medical Academy; Gundermann, KJ. The “Essential” PhospholipidsasaMembrane . Therapeutic Oct;30(10):1974-78. [PMID: 15045164] withsepsis. inrats activity andlipidperoxidation IntensiveCareMed. 2004 oncytokines,polyenylphosphatidylcholine levels, nitrite/nitrate antioxidant Demirbilek S, MO, Ersoy DemirbilekS, etal. Effectsof 2002 Dec30;1585(2-3):87-96. Review. [PMID: 12531541] Cui Z,Biophys Acta. HouwelingM. Biochim andCellDeath. Phosphatidylcholine 8, 2012. sites/default/files/Yehuda.May %20Omega%203%206%20ratio.pdf Accessed Diet. 2003;92:37-56. Review. [PMID: 14579682]http://www.direct-ms.org/ Yehuda S. functions. andbrain-related Omega-6/omega-3ratio World RevNutr Oct;23(5):843-53. Review. [PMID: 12392789] neuronalmembrane.acids inrestoringtheaging NeurobiolAging. 2002Sep- Yehuda S, RabinovitzS, CarassoRL, etal. fatty The roleofpolyunsaturated Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-123

10/02/12 ™

PMS Soothe Female Health Menstrual Cycle Support* Clinical Applications

»» Offers Natural Support for Women with Common Premenstrual Complaints* »» Provides Herbs That Have a Long History of Use in Women’s Reproductive Health*

PMS Soothe™ is a comprehensive blend of Native American and Chinese herbs traditionally used to provide balance and support for a healthy menstrual cycle.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion This tradition-based, multi-herb formula combines “female herbs” Licorice Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) functions as a weak and traditional tonics that have been chosen by means of clinical phytoestrogen and has traditionally been used to help regulate observation for their complementary and compounding effects. menstruation and relieve commonly experienced menstruation-related muscle cramping. The metabolite of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid, is Chaste Berry Extract (Vitex angus-castus) has been used for similar in structure to hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, and centuries to support women with hormone-related gynecologic licorice is sometimes used along with bupleurum to support adrenal complaints. Modern research has validated this traditional use by gland function. In vitro research also suggests that licorice has a showing that various preparations of chaste berry demonstrate positive influence on inflammatory pathways.*[10,11] positive effects in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).[1,2] The German Commission E approves the use of chaste berry to Peony (Paeonia lactiflora), also known as bai shao yao, is a Chinese support menstrual cycle regularity, breast tenderness, and PMS; and herb used to help regulate menses and decrease minor pain. In it is widely recommended by family physicians and gynecologists traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), peony and licorice are used in Germany.[3] Iridoids and flavonoids are thought to exert benefits together and are thought to have great synergism relating to their through indirect effects on various hormones, especially prolactin and effects on neuromuscular junctions.*[12] progesterone.*[3,4] Tangerine (Citrus reticulata) is a traditional Chinese herb also Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) promotes fluid balance. Its effect known as pericarpium or chen pi. It is derived from aged tangerine appears to be mediated through an inhibition of the sodium-potassium peel and traditionally used to help relieve the common premenstrual pump. As an aquaretic, parsley is ascribed the benefit of increasing complaint of breast tenderness. TCM practitioners also use chen pi urine volume while supporting retention of electrolytes. Parsley is also to help prevent stagnation and relieve minor abdominal fullness and considered to have cleansing and detoxifying properties.*[5,6] minor pain.*[13]

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has been commonly used for Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale) has been studied for its effects its ability to help maintain healthy fluid balance and for its cleansing on inflammatory mediator biosynthesis. In fact, in vitro work suggests effects. In vitro research suggests that the active constituents in that components of ginger can positively affect the expression of dandelion—which include luteolin, quercetin, and inulin—suppress inflammatory genes. It is thought that the production of inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mediators may encourage some of the common symptoms of PMS. increase antioxidant activity, upregulate phase II detoxification, and Ginger is also thought to be good for circulation, nausea, and gas. support bifidobacteria growth.*[7,8] In this formula, ginger is included for its “warming” effect which balances the “cooling” effects of other herbs.*[14] Dong Quai Extract (Angelica sinensis) has its origins in China, Japan, and Korea, where it has been traditionally used to balance Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) has been used by women for the female cycle and address common symptoms of PMS. Research centuries to support and balance the reproductive system, and to relax suggests that dong quai affects the contractive rhythm of the uterus. the uterus. In traditional herbalism, red raspberry has been connected Many functional medicine practitioners believe dong quai works best to female health and is used as a remedy to support normal menstrual in combination with other herbs to support menstrual regularity.*[9] flow.*[15,16] Continued on next page

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Female Health triglycerides. Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,silica,andmedium-chain ** DailyValue notestablished. Licorice Extract(Glycyrrhizaglabra)(root)(20%glycyrrhizicacid) (Rubusidaeus)(leaves) Red Raspberry Parsley (Petroselinumcrispum)(leaves) Ginger 10:1Extract(Zingiberofficinale)(root) Peony (Paeonialactiflora)(root) Dong QuaiExtract(Angelicasinensis)(root)(1%lingustilides) Dandelion 4:1Extract(Taraxacum officinale)(root) Tangerine (Citrusreticulata)(peel) Bupleurum (falcatum)(root) 0.4% aucubin) Extract(Vitexagnus-castus)(fruit)(0.5%agnusideand Chaste Berry © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOTCONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinners practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Size:2Capsules Serving PMS Soothe

™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing 100 mg 100 mg 100 mg 100 mg 100 mg 225 mg 25 mg 50 mg 50 mg 60 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References adrenergic mechanisms. chaihusupportsahealthymood throughcentral suggests that emotional changes, andbreasttenderness. An animalstudy manifestsasmenstrualcramping, that liver qistagnation activity. Chinesemedicinepractitionersusechaihutounblock a traditional “female cycle balancer” hasuterine-calming that Bupleurum (falcatum aschaihu,), alsoknown is 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. for itsrelaxingproperties.* decreasing epinephrineanddopamine, whichprobablyaccounts the neuroendocrinesystembyincreasingbeta-endorphinand

ds=&name=PARSLEY&searchid=38851690. therapeuticresearch.com/nd/Search.aspx?rn=4&cs=&s=ND&pt=100&id=792& ResearchFaculty;Therapeutic 1995-2012. http://naturaldatabase. MedicinesComprehensiveDatabase.Natural Parsley. Stockton, CA: 17804183] of thescientificevidence. JEthnopharmacol. 2007Oct8;114(1):1-31. [PMID: Wright CI, Van-Buren L, KronerCI, etal. Herbalmedicinesasdiuretics: areview 20;322(7279):134-37. [PMID: 11159568] fruit extract: prospective, randomised, placebocontrolledstudy. BMJ. 2001Jan Schellenberg R. Treatment castus forthepremenstrualsyndromewith agnus 24. [PMID: 16156340] Roemheld-Hamm B. Chasteberry. AmFamPhysician. 2005Sep1;72(5):821- [PMID: 22359078] withpremenstrualsyndrome.patients ActaMedIran. 2012;50(2):101-06. Zamani M, NeghabN, Torabian S. effectof Therapeutic castusin Vitex agnus 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.08.006. Epubaheadofprint. [PMID: 23022391] syndrome. Phytomedicine. 2012Sep27. pii: S0944-7113(12)00280-2.doi: the sufferingfrompremenstrual castusextractZe440inpatients Vitex agnus Schellenberg R, ZimmermannC, DreweJ, etal. Dose-dependentefficacy of Am JChinMed. 2005;33(5):737-45. [PMID: 16265986] onplasmabeta-endorphin,formulation epinepherine and dopamineonpatients. Chen JX, JiB, LuZL, etal. Effectsofchaihu(radixburpleuri)containing Biotechnol. 2012Mar;22(3):422-30. [PMID: 22450800] restraintstress.Microbiol exposedtorepeated inrats anxiety-like behaviors Lee B, Yun HY, ShimI, etal. prevents depressionand Bupleurumfalcatum 2012. -2154002#hn-2154002-uses.org/health-library/hn Accessed December14, Red Raspberry. UniversityofMichiganHealthSystem. http://www.uofmhealth. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-92. [PMID: 22781186] randomized trial. BMCComplementAlternMed. 2012Jul10;12:92. R. dysmenorrhea: rhizomes(ginger)onpainreliefin primary aplacebo Rahnama P, Montazeri A, HuseiniHF, etal. EffectofZingiberofficinale 22489648] genes.of inflammatory BrJPharmacol. 2012Sep;167(1):128-40. [PMID: expression andsuppressesNF-κB-regulated IKKβ activityforNF-κBactivation Lee HY, Park SH, LeeM, etal. 1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdionefromgingerinhibits Yao ZaZhi. 1991 Aug;16(8):493-97, 513. [PMID: 1804190] painbyPericarpiumjiao toalleviate Zanthoxyli[inChinese].ZhongguoZhong Zhang M, Shen Y, ZhuZ, etal. Pharmacologicalstudiesonwarmingthemiddle- Monograph. Peony. AlternMedRev. 2001Oct;6(5):495-99. [PMID: 11703170] .natural/881.html Accessed December17, 2012. Licorice. MedlinePlus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/ [PMID: 16164378] Glycyrrhiza glabra[monograph]. AlternMedRev. 2005Sep;10(3):230-37. 15656714] Angelica sinensis[monograph]. AlternMedRev. 2004Dec;9(4):429-33. [PMID: &searchid=34505380. therapeuticresearch.com/nd/Search.aspx?cs=&s=ND&pt=100&id=706&fs=ND CA: ResearchFaculty;Therapeutic 1995-2012. http://naturaldatabase. MedicinesComprehensiveDatabase.Natural Dandelion. Stockton, [PMID: 16950583] and pharmacologicalprofile. JEthnopharmacol. 2006Oct11;107(3):313-23. Schütz K, CarleR, Schieber A. Taraxacum—a reviewonitsphytochemical Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Accessed December14, 2012. [17] [18] It also has been shown to regulate toregulate Italsohasbeenshown

Accessed December13, 2012. Rev.

DRS-210 12/26/12 ™

Prenatal Essentials Female Health Prenatal Support Packets* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Maternal Nutrition Before and During Pregnancy* »» Supports a Healthy Pregnancy Outcome* Multivitamins & Minerals »» Provides Key Ingredients to Promote Healthy Fetal Neurodevelopment*

Prenatal Essentials™ is designed to meet the higher nutritional needs of women who are preparing for pregnancy or are pregnant. Not only does Prenatal Essentials address these needs in a comprehensive way, but it also reflects recent research with its inclusion of generous levels and active forms of key nutrients, such as OmegaPure DHA™, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as Quatrefolic®, 2000 IU of Vitamin D3, Ferrochel® iron, and TRAACS® chelated minerals. This formula is designed to assure optimal utilization while being gentle to the digestive tract.* Available in 30 packets Discussion Each component of Prenatal Essentials has an important role in B Vitamins Prenatal Essentials provides generous levels of these maternal nutrition and a healthy pregnancy outcome.* For ease of use, critical vitamins because sufficient levels are needed for energy all are provided together in one convenient packet: production; cell growth and division, including that of red blood cells; and neurologic, cardiovascular, immune, dermatological, and Omega-3s, Vitamin D, and Choline The importance of these emotional health.[10] In addition, B6 (pyridoxal 5’-phosphate) has been nutrients in maternal health and healthy fetal neurodevelopment studied for its ability to soothe the stomach during pregnancy.*[11,12] cannot be overstated. Adequate intakes of omega-3 fatty acids are critically important during pregnancy because they are building Bioavailable, yet Gentle Iron Approximately 20% of pregnant women blocks of fetal brain and retina.[1] Furthermore, it is believed that have iron deficiency anemia[13], and it’s likely that a greater number during mid-to-late gestation, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an have insufficient levels of iron. Ferrochel iron has been shown to help important role in the development of neurocognitive and neuromotor increase and maintain blood levels of iron while being gentle to the functions.[1] Within the last several years, research on vitamin D stomach and colon. This form of iron performs the stomach’s work in and the prevalence of its insufficiency has exploded. Vitamin D is advance by binding minerals to amino acids, an action which allows important for neuronal growth and development. Maternal vitamin D the iron molecules to pass easily through the intestinal wall thereby metabolism and vitamin D insufficiency are important considerations avoiding stomach upset (as seen with other forms of iron) while given the association made between maternal vitamin D status during maximizing absorption.*[14,15] pregnancy and brain function in the child.[2-4] Maternal reserves of choline are depleted during pregnancy, yet its availability is critical Other Important Nutrients Prenatal Essentials provides supportive because it is the starting material for important metabolites that play nutrients, including vitamins A, C, D, and E; mixed carotenoids; and key roles in fetal development, particularly brain development. Current selenium to address the increased physiological stress of pregnancy data show that most pregnant women are not achieving target intake and promote healthy tissue maintenance and growth. Research levels and, in addition, certain common genetic variants may increase suggests that good maternal antioxidant status may positively requirements.*[5,6] influence birth weight.[16] Zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum are provided as TRAACS® amino acid chelates for Folate Prenatal Essentials provides calcium folinate as well as improved absorption in the gut and optimal assimilation. Calcium is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)—the most bioavailable, active provided as DimaCal®, a patented complex of calcium and malic acid form of folate. 5-MTHF is provided as Quatrefolic®, which is proven that not only supports optimal calcium utilization and gastric tolerance to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability than calcium but also supports the body’s energy-producing cycles. Calcium is salt forms of 5-MTHF. Adequate folate nutrition before and during provided in a 2:1 ratio with magnesium, which may help support pregnancy supports normal fetal neurological development and a normal muscular contraction in legs and arteries.[17,18] Vitamin K and healthy pregnancy outcome.[7] Supplementing with bioactive 5-MTHF iodine are added to help ensure maternal sufficiency.* allows for the bypassing of steps in folate metabolism. This may be especially beneficial in those with digestive concerns and those with genetic variations in folate metabolism.*[8,9]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Multivitamins & Minerals Female Health © XYMOGEN Laboratories, Inc. coveredbyU.S. Malates pending. Patent 6,706,904andpatents DimaCal STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreach of children. dry case ofaccidentaloverdose, calladoctororpoisoncontrolcenterimmediately. poisoninginchildrenunder6.fatal Keepthisproductoutofreach children. In WARNING: Accidental overdoseofiron-containingproductsisaleadingcause of taking blood-thinningmedication. Vitamin K:ConsidertotalvitaminKintake(foodandsupplements)ifyouare per day. not exceed5,000IUofpreformedvitamin palmitate) orretinyl acetate A (retinyl birth defects. Pregnantwomenandwhomaybecomepregnant should Vitamin A:Excessvitamin A intakemaybetoxicandincreasetheriskof children. ingredient. Avoid ifallergictoany CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse. Keepoutofreach or preservatives. products, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, protein, soy dairy practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take contentsofonepacketdailyasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Prenatal Essentials ‡ Chelate) Size:1Packet Serving EPA (eicosapentaenoicacid) DHA(docosahexaenoicacid) Fish OilConcentrate Manganese (asTRAACS Vitamin K2(asmenaquinone-7) Choline (ascholinedihydrogencitrate) DiMagnesium Malate) Iron (asFerrochel Zinc (asTRAACS Magnesium (asDiMagnesiumMalate) Iodine (aspotassiumiodide) Selenium (asL-selenomethionine) Chelate) Chromium (asTRAACS Molybdenum (asTRAACS Glycinate Chelate) Copper (asTRAACS Malic Acid(asDimaCal Calcium (asDimaCal Pantothenic Acid(asd-calciumpantothenate) Biotin Vitamin B12(asmethylcobalamin) glucosamine salt Folate (400mcgas(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid, Vitamin B6(aspyridoxal5’-phosphate) Niacin (asniacinamide) Riboflavin (asriboflavin5’-phosphatesodium) Thiamin (asthiamineHCl) tocopherols) succinateandmixed Vitamin E(asd-alphatocopheryl Vitamin D3(ascholecalciferol) Vitamin C(asascorbicacid) palmitate) Vitamin A(60%asbeta-caroteneand40%retinyl Total Fat CaloriesfromFat Calories Contains: Fish(tuna,sardine,anchovy). tocopherols. Other Ingredients for OmegaPure DHA:Gelatin,glycerin,purifiedwater, andmixednatural cellulose,ascorbylpalmitate,silica,andmedium-chain triglycerides. microcrystalline Other Ingredients for Prenatal Multivitamin/Mineral Capsule:HPMC(capsule), ** DailyValue (DV)notestablished. Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ® , Ferrochel ® † ® and400mcgascalciumfolinate) ,and TRAACS ® ZincBisglycinateChelate) FerrousBisglycinateChelate) ® ® CopperBisglycinateChelate) DicalciumMalate) ® ® DicalciumMalateand ® ChromiumNicotinate ManganeseBisglycinate ™ ® of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic MolybdenumGlycinate SupplementFacts ® areregisteredtrademarksof Albion ® isaregisteredtrademark 5 PrenatalMultivitamin/ 100 mcg 100 mcg 225 mcg 100 mcg 100 mcg 800 mcg 300 mcg 2000 IU 5000 IU Amount 200 mg 400 mg 200 mg 100 mg Serving 50 mcg 200 IU 30 mg 20 mg 25 mg 20 mg 25 mg *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. 5 mg 2 mg 5 mg 5 mg 1.6 g Per Mineral Capsules This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. or Lactating %DV Pregnant All XYMOGEN Women 150% 167% 133% 100% 100% 250% 100% 625% 800% 125% 250% 294% 667% 500% 167% 31% 44% 63% ‡ for ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Amount 580 mg Serving 60 mg Per 1 g 1 g 1 OmegaPureDHA

® 9 9 FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. or Lactating %DV Pregnant Women Softgel ‡ for 2% ** ** ** ™

11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.

21151729] vomiting ofpregnancy. IntJ Womens Health. 2010 Aug;2:241-48. [PMID: Ebrahimi N, MaltepeC, Einarson A. ofnauseaand Optimalmanagement Accessed March28, 2011. B Vitamins. MedlinePLUS. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bvitamins.html. Clin Nutr. 2006Jul;84(1):156-61. [PMID: 16825690] thanwithfolicacidinwomenofchildbearingage.methyltetrahydrofolate AmJ with[6S]-5- increasemoreaftersupplementation concentrations Lamers Y, Prinz-LangenohlR, S, Brämswig etal. Redbloodcellfolate 21. [PMID: 19917061] reductase.methylenetetrahydrofolate BrJPharmacol. 2009Dec;158(8):2014- acid inwomenwiththehomozygousorwild-type677C-->Tpolymorphismof moreeffectivelythanfolic increasesplasmafolate methyltetrahydrofolate Prinz-Langenohl R, S, Brämswig Tobolski O, etal. [6S]-5- fact-sheet/folic-acid.cfm. May18, Updated 2010. Accessed June19, 2012. Women’s Health. http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/ Folic Acid Fact Sheet. U.S. DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices, Officeon 2009 Feb;89(2):673S-77S. [PMID: 19116320] Zeisel SH. Importanceofmethyldonorsduringreproduction. AmJClinNutr. Diet Assoc.Am 2010 Aug;110(8):1198-206. [PMID: 20656095] Caudill MA. health: Pre-andpostnatal evidenceofincreasedcholineneeds. J 2009Jul;1(4):223-28.Dermatoendocrinol. [PMID: 20592795] vitamin Ddeficiency asariskfactorforthedevelopmentofinfantileautism. Grant WB, SolesCM. Epidemiologicevidencesupportingtheroleofmaternal [PMID: 20491697] Cannell JJ. ofautism. Ontheaetiology ActaPaediatr.2010 Aug;99(8):1128-30. Neurobiol. 2010Mar;30(2):161-71. [PMID: 19774457] Currenti SA. ofautism. Understandinganddeterminingtheetiology CellMol Gynecol. 2010;3(4):163-71. [PMID: 21364848] Coletta JM, BellSJ, Roman AS. acidsandpregnancy. Omega-3fatty RevObstet 19547932] zinc inpre-eclampsia. BiolTrace ElemRes . 2010Feb;133(2):162-70. [PMID: Jain S, SharmaP, Kulshreshtha S, etal. The roleofcalcium, magnesium, and Sci Monit. 2002May;8(5):CR326-30. [PMID: 12011773] ofchronicpersistentlegcramps. inthetreatment citrate of magnesium Med Roffe C, SillsS, CromeP, etal. Randomised, cross-over, placebocontrolledtrial weight. ReprodToxicol. 2011Jan;31(1):35-40. [PMID: 20934506] Osorio JC, CruzE, MilanésM, etal. onbirth redoxstatus Influenceofmaternal com/effectiveness. Accessed March28, 2011. Ferrochel Effectiveness. Albion HumanNutrition. http://www.albionferrochel. [PMID: 11688081] in pregnantwomen. Arch. LatinoamNutr 2001Mar;51(1Suppl1):42-47. (Ferrochel) chelate inthecontrolofirondeficiencyglycinate andferrous sulfate Szarfarc SC, deCassanaLM, FujimoriE, etal. effectivenessofironbis- Relative Anemia_during_pregnancy.htm. Accessed March29, 2011. Health Program. http://health.utah.gov/mihp/pregnancy/preged/duringpreg/ Anemia DuringPregnancy. UtahDepartmentofHealth: andInfant Maternal Cochrane DatabaseSystRev. 2003;(4):CD000145. [PMID: 14583914] Jewell D, Young G. fornauseaandvomitinginearlypregnancy. Interventions Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-159

01/16/13 ™

Probio Defense Female Health Proprietary Probiotic Blend Clinical Applications

»» Contributes to Balanced Gastrointestinal Flora* »» Supports a Healthy Immune System* Gastrointestinal Support »» Supports Intestinal Health and Function* »» Supports Lactose Tolerance*

Probio Defense™ is a combination of probiotic bacteria that supports the immune and gastrointestinal systems. It is formulated with five billion live organisms per capsule and provides well-researched strains chosen for their ability to maintain viability throughout the small intestine. The three strains in Probio Defense are registered in the National Collection of Microorganism Cultures at the Institut Immune System Support Pasteur in France. Selenium and zinc are present to provide antioxidant support, help balance intestinal flora, and stimulate the body’s natural immune defenses.* Available in 84 capsules Discussion Probiotics refer to the beneficial microorganisms that reside in our Human Clinical Trials Numerous clinical trials employing double-blind, gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and appear to exist in a symbiotic relationship randomized, placebo-controlled techniques have been performed with the with the human body. Several probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacilli and probiotic strains found in Probio Defense. The majority of these studies focus Bifidobacteria, have been studied for their beneficial effects on health and on host intestinal flora and GI health. For instance, studies completed on wellness. The American Gastroenterological Society provides a comprehensive children demonstrated that the Lactobacillus strains in Probio Defense reduce review of the uses and proposed benefits of probiotics.[1] Research on bacterial toxin load and support gastrointestinal health.[10,16,17] Large-scale probiotics has focused on the positive impact they appear to have on immune studies support the role of these Lactobacillus strains as adjunct therapy in Probiotics function, GI health, and the body’s normal response to inflammation.*[2-6] promoting GI health and healthy bowel function.[18,19] A small-scale study also indicates that lactose tolerance was supported in 19 adult patients taking Mechanisms of Action It is suggested that the mechanisms by which these strains daily for two weeks.[11] A randomized, controlled, single-blind probiotics exert their beneficial health effects are manifold and include study of children aged 10-12 years suggested that Lactobacillus strains, the production of inhibitory substances (e.g., lactic acid, bacteriocins) and such as those found in Probio Defense, positively supported lactose tolerance competition for epithelial cell adhesion, both of which help good bacteria in those who received them.[20] A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial predominate; stimulation of mucus production; metabolic activities that utilizing Bifidobacterium longum, along with an inulin-based prebiotic, resulted decrease microbial toxins, break down lactose, and support host digestion; in a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines.*[21] changes in corticosterone levels; and downregulation of inflammatory interleukins and cytokines.[7-12] Additional proposed mechanisms include Psychological Benefits Emerging studies (animal and human) suggest

stimulation of immunoglobulin A, trophic influences on intestinal mucosa, and that probiotics affect the host’s psychological state and normal response to Male Health assistance in the delivery of therapeutic substances to various portions of stress. This may be due to the effect that beneficial bacteria have on cytokine the intestine.[13] These varied mechanisms help preserve the health, integrity, balance, neurotransmitter production, and the support of normal glucose and function of the GI tract at both the cellular and system levels. Research tolerance. A study of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum suggests that in some cases a mixture of strains, including Lactobacilli and suggested that these strains positively support mood and a normal response Bifidobacteria, appears to be most beneficial.*[1] to stress, as measured by standard testing.*[22]

Proprietary Strains Probio Defense comprises Lactobacillus helveticus Host Defense and Digestive Transit With the provision of the essential trace Rosell-52,† Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11, and Bifidobacterium longum minerals selenium and zinc, Probio Defense also provides antioxidant and Rosell-175. These strains were isolated and are produced by Institut Rosell- immune support.[23] In addition, studies indicate that the three probiotic strains Lallemand (IR), a company that has made significant discoveries in the fields found in Probio Defense remain viable as they travel through the digestive of microbiology and nutrition since 1934 with a focus on providing reliable, tract to the distal end of the small intestine, further supporting their positive stable, and documented strains to the healthcare industry.[15] IR uses the effects on health.*[24] most advanced DNA-analysis technology to verify their strains. They then test †New and improved genetic methods have allowed deeper insight into bacterial chromosomes. Use these strains to measure gastric acid and intestinal solution resistance over of these methods led to the reclassification, in 2006, of Rosell-52 fromLactobacillus acidophilus to Lactobacillus helveticus. This name change has no impact on safety or on the value of scientific and various time spans and temperatures. IR also tests adhesion to the intestinal clinical documentation. mucosa. Competitive inhibition and increased mucin expression have been documented by IR, along with stability at various temperatures and humidity.*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Male Health Probiotics Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support Female Health © XYMOGEN place. Keepoutofthereachchildren. shelf lifeofthestrains. Inordertomaximizeshelflife, keepclosed inacool, dry the topreserve SHIPPING &STORAGE:ProbioDefenseisshippedrefrigerated egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, animalproducts, fish, shellfish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating by yourhealthcareprofessional. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedailybeforeorduringmeals, onecapsule orasdirected Probio Defense (used asnutrientsduringfermentation). Contains: Milkproducts(post-fermentation,addedasprocessingaids)andtracesofsoy Other Ingredients: Potatostarch, HPMC(capsule),magnesiumstearate,andascorbicacid. ** DailyValue notestablished. Bifidobacterium longumRosell-175 Lactobacillus rhamnosusRosell-11 †† † Size:1Capsule Serving Lactobacillus helveticusRosell-52 Selenium Zinc ColonyFormingUnits Attimeofmanufacturing. ™ SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. Amount PerServing This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. 1 billionCFU 1 billionCFU 3 billionCFU All XYMOGEN 12.5 mcg 2 mg †† †† †† ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value

13% 18% ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

[PMID: 21165295] double-blind, multicenter study. JKorean MedSci. 2010Dec;25(12):1784-91. diarrhea:for thepreventionofantibiotic-associated aprospective, randomized, [PMID: 22146691] Lactobacillus rhamnosusR0011. BenefMicrobes.2011Dec1;2(4):319-34. studies onaprobioticproductcontainingLactobacillushelveticusR0052and Foster LM, Tompkins TA, Dahl WJ. A comprehensivepost-marketreviewof psychological stress. Gut.2006Nov;55(11):1553-60. [PMID: 16638791] chronic following andimproveintestinalbarrierfunctioninrats translocation Zareie M, K, Johnson-Henry J, Jury etal. Probioticspreventbacterial Dis. 2005Jun15;191(12):2106-17. [PMID: 15897997] withprobiotics.Citrobacter rodentiuminfectioninmicebypretreatment JInfect KC,Johnson-Henry NadjafiM, Avitzur Y, etal. oftheeffects Amelioration 2004 Aug;49(7-8):1095-102.[PMID:15387328] inH. andgastricinflammation colonization pylori-infectedmice. DigDisSci. KC,Johnson-Henry MitchellDJ, Avitzur Y, etal. Probioticsreducebacterial 2008 Feb 1;46Suppl2:S58-61;discussionS144-51. [PMID: 18181724] Sanders ME. Probiotics: definition, sources, selection, anduses. ClinInfectDis. [PMID: 17031151] infections andinflammation. CurrOpinGastroenterol.2001Jan;17(1):58-6. Vanderhoof JA, Young RJ. ofintestinal The roleofprobioticsinthetreatment Immunol MedMicrobiol.2002Dec13;34(4):245-53. [PMID: 12443824] microbial pathogens.lactobacilli andtheirroleinprotectionagainst FEMS Cross ML. Microbesversusmicrobes: byprobiotic immune signalsgenerated 11709854] immune system. CurrIssuesIntestMicrobiol.2001Mar;2(1):27-42. [PMID: Perdigón G, FullerR, R. Raya Lacticacidbacteriaandtheireffectonthe Infect Ther.disease.Rev Anti Expert 2006 Apr;4(2):261-75. [PMID: 16597207] Doron S, GorbachSL. Probiotics: andpreventionof theirroleinthetreatment 19, 2012. probiotics. Published August 2008. Updated 24,April 2010. Accessed October they candoforyou. http://www.gastro.org/patient-center/diet-medications/ American Gastroenterological Association. Probiotics: theyareandwhat What reaction. JMolMicrobiolBiotechnol.2008;14(1-3):90-9. [PMID: 17957115] modifying microbiotaequilibriumasassessed byreal-timepolymerasechain humandigestive transitwithout consumed inafoodsupplementsurvived Firmesse O, Mogenet A, BressonJL, etal. Lactobacillusrhamnosus R11 Review. [PMID: 21506934] immunity andhostdefense. Curr Top MedChem.2011;11(14):1752-66. Puertollano MA, Puertollano E, deCienfuegosGÁ, etal. antioxidants: Dietary Aug;2(4):256-61. [PMID: 21983070] longum R0175)inhealthyhumanvolunteers. GutMicrobes. 2011Jul- (LactobacillushelveticusR0052andBifidobacterium probiotic formulation Messaoudi M, Violle N, BissonJF, etal. Beneficialpsychologicaleffectsofa [PMID: 15647189] colitis:ulcerative arandomisedcontrolledpilottrial. Gut.2005Feb;54(2):242-9. withactive inpatients resolutionofinflammation 1)initiates longum/Synergy Furrie E, MacfarlaneS, Kennedy A, etal. (Bifidobacterium Synbiotictherapy J Trop MedPublicHealth.2010Mar;41(2):474-81. [PMID: 20578532] live and killed probiotics in children with lactose malabsorption. Rampengan NH, Manoppo J, Warouw SM. Comparisonofefficaciesbetween Song HJ, KimJY, JungSA, etal. EffectofprobioticLactobacillus(Lacidofil [PMID: 17033111] resistance toantibiotics. JPhysiolPharmacol.2006Sep;57Suppl3:123-41. Ziemniak W. Efficacy takingintoaccountits ofHelicobacterpylorieradication Slovenska Pediatrie. 1995;51:615-19. onfile] [translation ofchildrenwithgastrointestinaltractillnesses[inChez].treatment Cesko- Tlaskal P, MichkovaH, L, Klayarova etal. Lactobacillusacidophilusinthe on file] MedicalUniversity, State Zaporozhye Ukraine. Unpublishedresults. [summary Ivanko O. LacidofilinthepreventionofClostridiumdifficilediarrheachildren. php?langue=2. Accessed October19, 2012. Institut Rosell-Lallemand. http://www.institut-rosell-lallemand.com/index. Dis. 2006;24(1-2):137-47. [PMID: 16699272] Marteau P. Living drugsforgastrointestinaldiseases: thecaseforprobiotics. 15;58(12):1101-9. [PMID: 11449853] Elmer GW. Probiotics: “living drugs”. AmJHealthSystPharm.2001Jun [inChez].aetiology VnitrniLekarstvi.1994;40:79-83. [PMID: 8140765] Kocian J. indifferent indysmicrobia ofdyspepsia Lactobacilliinthetreatment Lactobacilli] [inChez]. Praktickýlékař.1994;74:212-14. onfile] [translation Kocian J. oflactoseintolerance: [Furtherpossibilitiesinthetreatment Additional references available upon request

Southeast Asian Rev. (RV) DRS-118

11/05/12 ® cap) cap) Dig ProbioMax DDS™ Immune System Support Oral Probiotics for Dental Health*

Clinical Applications

»» Supports a Healthy Bacterial Population in the Mouth* »» Supports Good Oral Hygiene and Healthy Teeth and Gums*

»» Supports the Natural Defense of the Teeth Against Plaque Oral/Dental Health Accumulation*

ProbioMax DDS™ is a chewable probiotic designed to activate in the oral cavity for support of healthy teeth and gums. As you chew the peppermint-flavored tablet, it releases the safe and powerful DDS- 18™ strain of Streptococcus salivarius—a beneficial bacterium that normally occurs in a healthy oral cavity. S salivarius DDS-18 then attaches to cells in the oral cavity and colonizes, positively affecting Available in 60 tablets the bacterial population therein and naturally defending the teeth and gums. ProbioMax DDS can be used as a complementary addition to Discussion your daily oral and dental health regimen.* Probiotics The oral cavity is home to a plethora of bacteria. Some of these forming units) for three months resulted in a significant difference microorganisms are the native and generally beneficial bacteria that in mean plaque scores when compared to the placebo group during promote the health of teeth and gums. Streptococcus salivarius (S the same treatment period.[1] Additionally, for the subgroups with salivarius) is among the most numerous of these “good” bacteria pretreatment plaque scores of 7 or greater (on a scale of 0-18†), found in the mouths of healthy individuals.[1,2] By promoting a healthy 87.5% of the DDS-18 group and 44% of the placebo group had plaque balance of bacteria in the mouth, the natural defenses of teeth and score reductions of 3 or more after treatment. It is also interesting gums are supported. Moreover, promoting the growth of specific to note that dextranase can destabilize plaque “scaffolding,” making strains of these safe, natural defenders may be an important aspect of it a less suitable material to which bacteria can cling. In addition to dental health, as some S salivarius are more beneficial than others.* dextranase, DDS-18 also produces urease, an enzyme that neutralizes acid and helps maintain a healthy pH in the mouth.[1,8,9] Some oral Strain DDS-18™ S salivarius DDS-18 (also known as DSM 14685) microorganisms—S mutans, for instance—produce lactic acid from was originally isolated from a healthy adult during a specific search dietary carbohydrate metabolism. Over time, exposure to lactic acid for a strain of S salivarius capable of offering targeted protection to can degrade tooth enamel and dentine.* teeth and gums.[1,3,4] DDS-18 is a highly beneficial strain that may be lacking in some individuals.* Data indicate that this particular strain Dental Health Link to Systemic Health As scientific investigations has attributes that make it especially applicable to oral and dental continue to reveal, the connection between the oral microbiota and health: health may not be limited to teeth and gums.[10] Some researchers propose that oral/dental health may be intimately linked to systemic Adherence and Colonization In order for a probiotic to exert its health.[1,11,12] In fact, maintaining good oral hygiene, supporting a benefits, it must be able to adhere to and persist in target tissues. healthy balance of oral microorganisms, and managing plaque Preliminary evidence suggests that DDS-18 is able to colonize tissues accumulation—and therefore the reactionary release of cellular of the mouth. Colonization by DDS-18 “crowds out” less desirable cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-8)—may prove to be important upstream bacteria that are competing for space and nutrients, and thereby factors that influence cardiovascular health, erectile function, glucose/ helps promote an oral microbial balance that is associated with dental insulin metabolism, and even joint health.*[1,12-17] health.*[1,4] For Best Results ProbioMax DDS tablets should be chewed slowly Bioactive Proteins One of the distinctive attributes of DDS-18 and thoroughly, ideally after the patient’s oral hygiene routines (e.g., that makes it an ideal strain for dental health is its production of brushing, flossing, rinsing). Waiting until the tablet is completely specific bioactive proteins, namely salivaricin A, salivaricin 9, and dissolved before swallowing and avoiding liquids for 30 minutes after salivaricin M.[1,2,5,6] These proteins provide targeted support for a consumption will help optimize adherence. The tablets do not contain balanced oral microbiota and contribute to the body’s natural defense cariogenic sugars or other ingredients that could negatively affect of teeth and gums.* dental health. ProbioMax DDS is an advanced probiotic approach to managing oral hygiene and dental health that complements standard Dextranase and Urease Production Extracellular polysaccharides oral hygiene practices, such as brushing, flossing, and rinsing.* produced by certain oral bacteria contribute to plaque biofilm—the sticky structure that keeps bacteria in close contact with dental tissue. A highly unique characteristic of DDS-18 is its ability to produce †The scoring reflects an adapted Simplified OHI-S Index. Researchers scored six teeth, with a dextranase, an enzyme that acts on plaque biofilm.[7] In a randomized, maximum score of 3 per tooth, and added those scores together. Thus, the total scale was 0-18. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in children (n=100, 0-18 scale was used as the basis for the statistics. with 83 finishing), DDS-18 supplementation at 3.6 billion CFU (colony-

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Probiotics Oral/Dental Health Immune System Support © XYMOGEN children. necessary.STORAGE: Norefrigeration Storeinacool, placeoutofreach dry (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, soy, products, animalordairy fish, shellfish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiffoilispunctured. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating completely beforeswallowing, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcareprofessional. DIRECTIONS: After yourbedtimeoralhygieneroutine, and chewonetabletslowly ProbioMax DDS chain triglycerides. Other Ingredients:Xylitol,ascorbylpalmitate,naturalpeppermintflavor(noMSG),silica,andmedium- ** DailyValue notestablished. †† † Size:1TabletServing (Streptococcus salivariusDSM14685) DDS-18 Colony-FormingUnits Formulatedwith2BillionCFU(20mg)attimeofmanufacture ™

™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. 1 BillionCFU Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN † (10mg) ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ‡ %Daily Value

** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Mar;18(2):109-20. [PMID: 21902769] and thepotentialimpactonpersonalizeddentalmedicine. OralDis. 2012 Zarco MF, Vess TJ, GinsburgGS. The oralmicrobiomeinhealthanddisease urease. JBacteriol. 2000 Aug;182(16):4667-69. [PMID: 10913107] Chen YY, Weaver CA, BurneRA. DualfunctionsofStreptococcussalivarius Infect Immun. 1996Feb;64(2):585-92. [PMID: 8550211] andexpressioninadentalplaquestreptococcus.biochemical characterization Chen YY, Clancy KA, BurneRA. Streptococcussalivariusurease: geneticand Jun;2(2):93-101. [PMID: 21840808] oral cavity: timetoharnesstheoralstreptococci?BenefMicrobes. 2011 Burton JP, Wescombe PA, CadieuxPA, etal. Beneficialmicrobesforthe 5):1290-99. [PMID: 21310787] produced byStreptococcussalivarius. Microbiology. 2011May;157(Pt Wescombe PA, UptonM, RenaultP, etal. Salivaricin9, anewlantibiotic 2009 Sep;4(7):819-35. [PMID: 19722837] case forStreptococcussalivariusasmodeloralprobiotics. Wescombe PA, HengNC, BurtonJP, etal. Streptococcalbacteriocinsandthe 2010. [Onfile] response: report. apreliminary Dunedin, NewZealand: BLIS Technologies Ltd; Chilcott C, Wescombe P. –dose StreptococcussalivariusM18colonisation Nov;193(22):6402-03. [PMID: 22038965] producing oralprobioticStreptococcussalivariusstrainM18. JBacteriol . 2011 Heng NC, Haji-IshakNS, Kalyan A, etal. Genomesequenceofthebacteriocin- 23231486] Streptococcus salivarius. FutureMicrobiol. 2012Dec;7(12):1355-71. [PMID: Wescombe PA, HaleJD, HengNC, etal. Developingoralprobioticsfrom 28. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 23449874] randomised double-blindplacebo-controlledtrial. JMedMicrobiol. 2013Feb Streptococcus salivariusM18onindicesofdentalhealthinchildren: a Burton JP, DrummondBK, ChilcottCN, etal. The influenceoftheprobiotic complications. BrazOralRes. 2012;26Suppl1:39-47. [PMID: 23318743] Oppermann RV, Weidlich P, MusskopfML. Periodontal diseaseandsystemic Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Apr;18(3):117-21. [PMID: 22426587] andfailedprostheticjoints. witharthritisnative synovial fluidofpatients J Témoin S, Chakaki A, Askari A, etal. oforalbacterialDNAin Identification periodontitis. JDentRes. 2013Feb;92(2):161-65. [PMID: 23242230] of solubletriggeringreceptorexpressedonmyeloidcells-1(sTREM-1)in Bostanci N, Oztürk VÖ, EmingilG, etal. oralandsystemiclevels Elevated [PMID: 23211042] JSexMed.periodontitis anderectiledysfunction? 2013Mar;10(3):838-43. Oǧuz F, Eltas A, Beytur A, etal. betweenchronic Istherearelationship Oct;140(10):1238-44. [PMID: 19797553] bacteremia.factor forinfectiveendocarditis-related JAmDentAssoc. 2009 Lockhart PB, BrennanMT, Thornhill M, etal. Poor oralhygieneasarisk Research (IADR);March16-19, 2011;SanDiego, CA, USA. at: 89thGeneralSession&ExhibitionoftheInternational forDental Association .iadr/2011sandiego/preliminaryprogram/abstract_150126.htm Poster presented abstract 2296]. JDentRes. 2011;(90, SpecIss A). http://iadr.confex.com/ [IADR inflammation probiotics reduceperiodontalpathogen-induced Adam E, JindalM, SeneyS, etal. StreptococcussalivariusK12andM18 Clin MicrobiolRev. 2000Oct;13(4):547-58. [PMID: 11023956] Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L, etal. Systemicdiseasescausedbyoralinfection. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

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04/30/2013 ™

ProbioMax DF Female Health 30 & 100 Billion CFU Probiotics Clinical Applications

»» Helps Maintain a Healthy Intestinal Microecology* »» Supports the Natural Immune Response* Gastrointestinal Support »» Supports Bowel Regularity* »» Supports Lactose Digestion*

ProbioMax DF™ is a vegetarian, dairy- and gluten-free, four-strain probiotic totaling 100 billion CFU† per capsule. Each vegetarian capsule is sealed in nitrogen-purged aluminum blister packs to serve as protection from factors proven to compromise the stability

of probiotics such as heat, moisture, and oxygen. ProbioMax DF Immune System Support provides four researched strains of beneficial bacteria, including the extensively studied HN019 strain of Bifidobacterium lactis. These live microorganisms have proven health benefits and well-established safety, Available in 30 capsules and have been tested for epithelial cell adhesion and/or resistance to low pH. Discussion Supplementation with probiotics has many mechanisms of action that 17.2 billion colony-forming units (CFU), 1.8 billion CFU, or placebo. benefit health, including but not limited to: (1) supporting metabolic Decreases in mean whole-gut transit time over the 14-day study activity, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins, period were statistically significant in the high-dose group and the nutrient absorption, and digestion of lactose; (2) adhering to intestinal low-dose group, but not in the placebo group.[8] This level of dosing epithelial cells to help maintain a healthy balance of organisms also supported other parameters of healthy GI function, as were Cytokine Balance Support in the intestinal tract; (3) helping to establish populations of good self-reported by patient survey.[8] In another study of preschool- bacteria after disruption in balance; (4) supporting immune function; age children, supplementing milk for one year with 1.9 x 10 CFU (5) promoting intestinal epithelial cell survival; (6) supporting healthy per day B lactis HN019 and 2.4 g/day of prebiotic oligosaccharides bowel function; and (7) degrading oxalates.[1-8] supported both healthy iron status and weight gain.[9] In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human dietary intervention study in Common challenges associated with probiotic supplementation are elderly subjects (>60 yrs.), supplementary B lactis HN019 resulted maintaining stability of the organisms during distribution and shelf in statistically significant increases in the beneficial organisms life and, once taken by a consumer, survival of the organisms as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.[10] they travel through the digestive tract so that they reach the target tissue (intestines) alive. To help ensure stability, XYMOGEN packages Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14) This the ProbioMax capsules in sealed, nitrogen-purged aluminum blister common inhabitant of the human mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, packs to serve as protection from factors proven to compromise the is also found in some traditional fermented milks (e.g., kefir) and is stability of probiotics, such as heat, moisture, and oxygen. Careful widely used in probiotic foods and supplements. It has a history of Probiotics selection of organisms is another way XYMOGEN helps ensure safe human consumption. The L acidophilus La-14 strain is of human stability. Careful organism selection, as performed for ProbioMax, origin and has been identified as a type A1L acidophilus. L acidophilus is also a critical aspect of supporting digestive survival. To further shows excellent adhesion to human epithelial cell-lines.[11,12] support resistance to low pH and the delivery of microorganisms to the small intestines, XYMOGEN employs DRcaps™ gastro-resistant Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-115) This capsules. These specially designed, innovative capsules help slow bacteria was isolated from plant material and is abundantly present exposure of actives to stomach acid to promote a more targeted in lactic acid-fermented foods, such as olives and sauerkraut. In vitro release. studies have shown that L plantarum strain Lp-115 has excellent adhesion to epithelial cell lines.[13] In addition, L plantarum is resistant HOWARU™ (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) Discovered in 1899, B to low pH conditions and survives the presence of bile at duodenal lactis play a key role in the human microflora throughout a person’s concentrations.[13,14] life. Researchers have identified strain HN019 as having excellent probiotic potential based upon its ability to survive the transit through Bifidobacterium longum (Bifidobacterium longum Bl-05) The B the human gastrointestinal tract, adhere to epithelial cells, and longum Bl-05 strain is well accepted as safe for human consumption. proliferate.[6] B lactis HN019 has been extensively studied, and its B longum is resistant to low pH and bile salts and is well suited to the safety and effectiveness is well accepted.[7,8] To assess the impact of intestinal environment.[14] Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 supplementation on whole-gut transit time in adults, 100 subjects were given daily doses for 14 days of

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Probiotics Cytokine Balance Support Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support Female Health © XYMOGEN reach ofchildren. necessary.STORAGE: Norefrigeration Keepclosed inacool, placeoutof dry preservatives. modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, withwater onecapsule orasdirectedbyyour ProbioMax DailyDF STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, withwater onecapsule orasdirectedbyyour ProbioMax DF HOWARU HOWARU stearate, andsilica. Other Ingredients: cellulose,HPMC(acid-resistantcapsule),stearic acid,magnesium Microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. Bifidobacterium longumBl-05 Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-115 Lactobacillus acidophilusLa-14 Blend Proprietary † Size:1Capsule Serving † Size:1Capsule Serving Other Ingredients: HPMC(acid-resistantcapsule),magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. BifidobacteriumlongumBl-05 LactobacillusplantarumLp-115 LactobacillusacidophilusLa-14 Blend Proprietary (Bifidobacterium lactisHN019) (Bifidobacterium lactisHN019) Colony-Forming Unit Colony-FormingUnit ® ® Bifido Bifido ™ SupplementFacts ™ SupplementFacts

HOWARU HOWARU Danisco A/Sandusedunderlicense. Danisco A/Sandusedunderlicense. ® ® isaregistered trademarkof isaregistered trademarkof *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 50 BillionCFU 50 BillionCFU 15 BillionCFU 15 BillionCFU ®

FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. † †

† †

%Daily Value %Daily Value ** ** ** **

9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

Sep;51(3):341-46. [PMID: 20601905] amongchildren1to4yearsold.growth JPediatr GastroenterolNutr. 2010 HN019 andprebioticoligosaccharideaddedtomilkonironstatus, anemia, and S,Sazawal DhingraU, G, Hiremath etal. EffectsofBifidobacteriumlactis 21663486] symptoms inadults. ScandJGastroenterol. 2011Sep;46(9):1057-64. [PMID: lactis HN019onwholeguttransittimeandfunctionalgastrointestinal Waller PA, GopalPK, LeyerGJ, etal. Dose-responseeffectofBifidobacterium Accessed June24, 2011. HN019. http://www.daniscosupplements.com/clinical-study-bibliography.html. Danisco. &abstracts. bibliography Clinicalstudy Bifido–Bif. HOWARU lactis 2011. daniscosupplements.com/clinical-study-bibliography.html. Accessed June24, tract inhumansubjects. Nutr. Res. 2003;23:1313-28. http://www. (DR10TM) andgalacto-oligosaccharidesonthemicrofloraofgastrointestinal Gopal P, etal. EffectsoftheconsumptionBifidobacteriumlactisHN019 Immunol. 2000;44(4):213-22. [PMID: 10832963] enhances resistancetooralSalmonellatyphimuriuminfectioninmice. Microbiol Shu Q, LinH, RutherfurdKJ, etal. Bifidobacteriumlactis(HN019) Dietary 17953571] Microbiol.Lactobacillus acidophilus. 2007Nov;103(5):1600-09. JAppl [PMID: ofoxalyl-CoAdecarboxylaseandformyl-CoAtransferaseactivityin evaluation Turroni S, Vitali B, BendazzoliC, etal. consumptionbylactobacilli: Oxalate on humanbeings. CritRevMicrobiol. 2011Feb;37(1):91-98. [PMID: 21162695] Masood MI, QadirMI, ShiraziJH, etal. Beneficialeffectsoflacticacidbacteria 87. [PMID: 20602988] Microbiol. ofkidneystonedisease.in themanagement 2010;72:63- AdvAppl Abratt VR, ReidSJ. bacteriaofthehumangutasprobiotics Oxalate-degrading 2008 Nov;14(11):1585-96. [PMID: 18623173] diseases. bowel Dis. InflammBowel ininflammatory applications therapeutic Vanderpool C, Yan F, Polk DB. Mechanismsofprobioticaction: for Implications probiotic bacteria. JFood Sci. 2007Nov;72(9):M446-50. [PMID: 18034741] Ding WK, ShahNP. Acid, bile, toleranceoffreeandmicroencapsulated andheat 2007 Oct;45(4):454-60. [PMID: 17897389] Microbiol. adhesiontointestinalmucus. humanpathogen against LettAppl Collado MC, MeriluotoJ, SalminenS. Roleofcommercialprobioticstrains fetal intestinalcells. Sci. JDairy 1982Nov;65(11):2063-69. [PMID: 7153393]. Kleeman EG, Klaenhammer TR. Adherence ofLactobacillusspeciestohuman 7811085] human Caco-2cells. EnvironMicrobiol. Appl 1994Dec;60(12):4487-94. [PMID: Greene JD, Klaenhammer TR. Factors involvedinadherenceoflactobacillito subjects. JNutrHealth Aging. 2007Jan-Feb;11(1):26-31. [17315077] Bifidobacterium lactisHN019ontheintestinalmicrofloraofelderlyhuman Ahmed M, PrasadJ, GillH, etal. Impactofconsumptiondifferentlevels Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-214

02/22/13 ProbioMax ENT™ and ProbioMax ENT™ for Kids Immune System Support Oral Probiotics for Ear, Nose, and Throat Health* Clinical Applications

»» Promotes Oral Health* »» Supports the Natural Immune Defenses of the Ears, Nose/ Nasopharynx, and Throat* Oral/Dental Health »» Supports Healthy Immune Function* »» Naturally Promotes Fresh Breath*

ProbioMax ENT™ and ProbioMax ENT™ for Kids are chewable, strawberry-flavored probiotic formulas that activate in the oral cavity for support of ear, nose, and throat health and to naturally promote fresh breath. As you chew, each tablet releases the ENT- Available in 30 tablets 12™ strain of Streptococcus salivarius, a beneficial bacterium that normally occurs in a healthy oral cavity. S salivarius adheres to cells in the cavity and positively affects the bacterial population and natural immune defenses therein. Once established, S salivarius ENT-12 also naturally counteracts the production of volatile sulfur Probiotics compounds that can cause bad breath.* Discussion

The oral cavity is home to a plethora of naturally occurring bacteria. ENT-12−like strains are better able to maintain healthy mouth Some of these microorganisms are an important aspect of maintaining and throat microbial populations. Preliminary studies performed in good health and serve as a first line of defense.Streptococcus children and adults have shown that supplementation with ENT-12 salivarius is one of the most numerous of these “good” bacteria found has a statistically significant impact on throat, tonsil, and middle ear in the mouths of healthy individuals. It is becoming more evident health.[4,8] In addition, preliminary in vitro and animal data from a 2012 that a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth and promoting the study suggest that ENT-12 positively affects the presence of Candida presence of specific strains of certain bacteria in it may be important albicans in the oral mucosa and may inhibit its attachment to denture for throat, nasopharyngeal, and middle ear health.*[1-4] acrylic resins.*[13]

Strain ENT-12™S salivarius ENT-12™ (also known as ATCC BAA-1 Fresh Breath The predominant microbiota on the tongue of subjects 024 or DSM 13084), found in ProbioMax ENT and ProbioMax ENT with and without bad breath differs.[14] When certain bacteria break for Kids, was discovered and isolated by renowned microbiologist down proteins on the tongue, volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) Professor John Tagg at the University of Otago in New Zealand. that cause bad breath are released. In a placebo-controlled trial, Spurred by his own experiences as a youth, he was determined to find Burton et al showed that administration of the ENT-12 strain in 13 a natural and proactive way to help support throat health, especially subjects resulted in a substantial decrease in VSC levels compared to in children. Dr. Tagg followed New Zealand school children for many controls.[15] The introduction of ENT-12 helps balance the microflora of years, analyzing their saliva samples and looking for differences. A the mouth because it competes with the sulfur-producing bacteria for breakthrough came when Dr. Tagg and his team isolated the unique space while leaving room for more good bacteria to flourish.[15-17] This ENT-12 strain of S salivarius from a healthy child who, over a six-year method of supporting a microbial population that limits the activities period, exhibited remarkable throat health. Work was then begun to of sulfur-producing bacteria gets to the source of bad breath.[15,16] develop this strain for use as an advanced probiotic in the wellness Addressing bad breath at its source can provide longer-lasting results market. ENT-12 is an extremely safe yet powerful strain that has been than methods that simply mask odors.* deposited in culture collections.*[5-7] For Best Results ProbioMax ENT or ProbioMax ENT for Kids tablets ENT-12 has been shown to adhere to cells of the oral cavity and should be chewed slowly and thoroughly, ideally after the patient’s populate therein.[4,8-10] Not only does this strain exert its benefits oral hygiene routines (e.g., brushing, flossing, rinsing). Waiting until through the typical colonization or “power in numbers” method, but it the tablet is completely dissolved before swallowing is optimal. The also produces several bioactive peptides, including salivaricin A and tablets do not contain cariogenic sugars or other ingredients that salivaricin B, that support oral health.*[4,8,11,12] could negatively affect dental health.

Ear, Nose/Nasopharynx, and Throat Health ProbioMax ENT and ProbioMax ENT for Kids represent a new “bioprotic” approach; that is, using probiotics to enhance health in non-intestinal sites for specific applications.[8] ENT-12 promotes healthy levels of beneficial oral microorganisms, and thereby supports upper respiratory health.[9] Studies suggest that children with naturally occurring S salivarius

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Probiotics Oral/Dental Health Immune System Support © XYMOGEN children. necessary.STORAGE: Norefrigeration Storeinacool, placeoutofreach dry (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, soy, products, animalordairy fish, shellfish, healthcare practitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiffoilispunctured. be administeredbyanadult. womenshouldconsulttheir Pregnantorlactating ofahealthcarepractitioner. andsupervision recommendation This productshould 4oryoungerwithoutthedirect Not recommendedforchildrenaged directed byyourhealthcareprofessional. increased need, chewuptofivetabletsperdayindivideddosefor90days, oras andcompletelybeforeswallowing.chew onetabletslowly Duringperiodsof DIRECTIONS: As amaintenancedose, afteryourbedtimeoralhygieneroutine ProbioMax ENT children. necessary.STORAGE: Norefrigeration Storeinacool, placeoutofreach dry (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, soy, products, animalordairy fish, shellfish, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiffoilispunctured. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating directed byyourhealthcareprofessional. increased need, chewuptofivetabletsperdayindivideddosefor90days, oras andcompletelybeforeswallowing.chew onetabletslowly Duringperiodsof DIRECTIONS: As amaintenancedose, afteryourbedtimeoralhygieneroutine ProbioMax ENT ENT-12 silica, andmedium-chaintriglycerides. flavor(noMSG),ascorbylpalmitate,citricacidanhydrous, Other Ingredients:Xylitol,naturalstrawberry ** DailyValue notestablished. ENT-12 ‡ † Size:1TabletServing ‡ † silica, andmedium-chaintriglycerides. flavor(noMSG),ascorbylpalmitate,citricacidanhydrous, Other Ingredients:Xylitol,naturalstrawberry ** DailyValue notestablished. Size:1TabletServing Formulatedwith2BillionCFU(20mg)attimeofmanufacture Colony-FormingUnits Formulatedwith2BillionCFU(20mg)attimeofmanufacture Colony-FormingUnits ™ ™ (StreptococcussalivariusDSM13084) (StreptococcussalivariusDSM13084) ™ ™ forKidsSupplementFacts SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. 1 BillionCFU Amount PerServing 1 BillionCFU All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing † (10mg) † (10mg) ® ‡ FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. ‡ %Daily Value %Daily Value ** ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

Apr;22(2):126-30. [PMID: 17311636] polymerasechainreaction.time quantitative OralMicrobiolImmunol. 2007 asdeterminedbyreal- Streptococcus salivariusK12inthehumanoralcavity Horz HP, Meinelt A, HoubenB, etal. Distributionandpersistenceofprobiotic 2013 Mar;13(3):339-43. [PMID: 23286823] tonsillitis causedbyStreptococcuspyogenesinadults. ExpertOpinBiolTher . and/or Streptococcus salivariusK12inthepreventionofrecurrentpharyngitis Di PierroF, Adami T, G, Rapacioli etal. oftheoralprobiotic Clinicalevaluation Apr;72(4):3050-53. [PMID: 16598017] probioticStreptococcussalivariusK12.cavity ApplEnvironMicrobiol. 2006 Burton JP, Wescombe PA, MooreCJ, etal. Safetyassessmentoftheoral 58. [PMID: 20418429] mucosa.for thepharyngeal ApplEnvironMicrobiol. 2010Jun;76(12):3948- Guglielmetti S, Taverniti V, MinuzzoM, etal. Oralbacteriaaspotentialprobiotics [PMID: 21722694] controlled, double-blindstudy. FoodChemToxicol. 2011Sep;49(9):2356-64. of theoralprobioticStreptococcussalivariusK12: arandomized, placebo- Burton JP, S, Cowley SimonRR, etal. ofsafetyandhumantolerance Evaluation acute otitismedia. IntJGenMed. 2012;5:991-97. [PMID: 23233809] and/ortonsillitiscausedbyStreptococcuspyogenesandrecurrent pharyngitis of theoralprobioticStreptococcussalivariusK12inpreventingrecurrent Di PierroF, G, Donato Fomia F, etal. clinical pediatric evaluation Preliminary 23231486] Streptococcus salivarius. FutureMicrobiol. 2012Dec;7(12):1355-71. [PMID: Wescombe PA, HaleJD, HengNC, etal. Developingoralprobioticsfrom 12727383] to infectionprevention. Trends Biotechnol. 2003May;21(5):217-23. [PMID: Tagg JR, DierksenKP. Bacterialreplacementtherapy: adapting ‘germ warfare’ Mar;22(3):262-68. [PMID: 12634589] media witheffusion: formanagement. implications PediatrInfectDisJ. 2003 flora inchildrenwithnonsevererecurrentacuteotitismediaandchronic Marchisio P, ClautL, Rognoni A, etal. bacterial Differencesinnasopharyngeal Biol. 2012 Aug;57(8):1041-47. [PMID: 22405584] Streptococcus salivariusK12onbacteriainvolvedinoralmalodour. Arch Oral Masdea L, Kulik EM, Hauser-Gerspach I, etal. Antimicrobial activityof Suppl 1:29-31. [PMID: 15752094] of oralmalodourusingStreptococcussalivariusprobiotics. OralDis. 2005;11 Burton JP, ChilcottCN, Tagg JR. andpotentialforthereduction The rationale Microbiol. 2006 Apr;100(4):754-64. [PMID: 16553730] probiotic StreptococcussalivariusK12onoralmalodourparameters. JAppl Burton JP, ChilcottCN, MooreCJ, etal. oftheeffect study A preliminary 2003 Feb;41(2):558-63. [PMID: 12574246] JClinMicrobiol. withhalitosisandhealthypatients. tongue dorsaofpatients Kazor CE, MitchellPM, Lee AM, etal. onthe Diversityofbacterialpopulations 22267663] candidiasis model. ApplEnvironMicrobiol. 2012 Apr;78(7):2190-99. [PMID: ofCandidaalbicansanditsprotectiveeffectinanoral on theinvitrogrowth Ishijima SA, K, Hayama BurtonJP, etal. EffectofStreptococcussalivariusK12 [PMID: 15232154] Streptococcus salivarius. IndianJMedRes. 2004May;119Suppl:13-16. substances(BLIS)producedby pyogenes bacteriocin-likeinhibitory Tagg JR. byanti-Streptococcus Preventionofstreptococcalpharyngitis Microbiol InfectDis. 2008Dec;27(12):1261-63. [PMID: 18560907] oftheoralprobioticStreptococcussalivariusK12.formulation EurJClin tracttissuesofinfantsusingapaediatric ofupperrespiratory colonisation Power DA, BurtonJP, ChilcottCN, etal. ofthe investigations Preliminary Ltd. June9, 2009. onfile. Data -doseresponse.Streptococcus salivariusK12colonisation BLIS Technologies Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-272

04/25/13 ™

ProbioMax Plus DF Female Health Comprehensive Support for Gut Ecology* Clinical Applications

»» Maintains Healthy Intestinal Microecology, Neutralizes Certain Bacterial Toxins*

»» Supports Balance of Healthy Flora During/Post-Antibiotic Therapy* Gastrointestinal Support »» Supports the Natural Immune Response* »» Supports Bowel Regularity* »» Enhances Integrity of Mucosa and Enzymatic Activity of the Intestinal Cells* »» Supports the Body’s Natural Response to Inflammation*

ProbioMax Plus DF™ is an ideal combination of ingredients for individuals seeking a well-rounded supplement to address intestinal ecology, cellular health, and immunity. It features well-researched probiotic strains; immunoglobulins; Saccharomyces boulardii, a non- pathogenic yeast; and arabinogalactan, a prebiotic. By combining Immnune System Support these ingredients, the individual benefits of each component can be complemented by the mechanisms of the others.*

Available in 30 sachets

Discussion Probiotic Strains: (Note: Each strain was selected because of cell lines. In vitro, this strain degraded oxalates 40% and either proven safety, tolerance, resistance to bile and acidity, survival in inhibited adhesion or displaced a variety of common pathogens. These the GI tract, and no contribution to antibiotic resistance.)* studies support the notion that the strain shifts the immune response to the Th 1 type. In animal models, L. plantarum Lp-115 reduced gut Cytokine Balance Support HOWARU® Biff (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): Researchers have inflammation.* identifiedBifidobacterium lactis HN019 as having the best probiotic potential among more than 2,000 strains. Its adherence in high Bifidobacterium longum (Bifidobacterium longum B1-05): B. numbers to cultured intestinal epithelial cells, contributes to its ability longum B1-05 is well suited to the intestinal environment. It is to modulate immunity. Preservation or restoration of healthy intestinal sensitive to vancomycin.* microbiotia by this strain have been demonstrated. In middle-aged to elderly people Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 increased cytotoxic Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a natural, non-pathogenic yeast activity of NK cells and phagocytic activity of peripheral blood that has been shown to maintain and restore the healthy ecology mononucleocytes and was non- inflammatory. In a year-long, double- of the small and large intestines. In a 2010 systematic review and blind, placebo-controlled trial (n-600), children (aged 1-3) receiving meta-analysis of 31 randomized, placebo-controlled treatment arms this strain along with galacto-oligosaccharides showed improved in 27 trials (encompassing 5029 adult study patients), S. Boulardii immunity, iron status, and growth. In a 14 day study (n= 100), B. was found to be significantly efficacious and safe in 84% of those lactis HN019 proved to dose-dependently increase colon transit time treatments arms. Extensively researched and published in European and reduce frequency of digestive complaints.* and American peer-reviewed journals, has

Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotics demonstrated multiple mechanisms of action. These can be found by Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14): referring to the DRS-109 which details XYMOGEN’s Saccharomycin This common inhabitant of the human mouth, intestinal tract, and DF™. The Sb used in this formula is processed by drying at a vagina has diverse health benefits. In vitro studies indicate thatL. controlled temperature and low vacuum for improved stability.* acidophilus La-14 has excellent adhesion to human epithelial cell lines (HT-29), limiting the ability of enteric pathogens to colonize. This vancomycin-sensitive strain has shown inhibition of common bacterial strains in vitro, and re-establishment of the population of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the intestinal tracts of mice after antibiotic therapy. L. acidophilus La-14 has been demonstrated to support specific immunity in humans, shifting the immune system to the Th1 response (induced IL-12 and moderately induced TNF-a in vitro). It degrades oxalate 100%.*

Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-115): Isolated from plant material, this strain is abundantly present in lactic acid- fermented foods such as olives and sauerkraut. In vitro studies have shown that L.plantarum Lp-115 has excellent adhesion to epithelial Continued on next page EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Probiotics Cytokine Balance Support Immnune System Support Gastrointestinal Support Female Health © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry are takingantifungalmedication. Donotuseiftampersealisbroken. practitioner priortouse. severeimmunesuppressionor Donottakeifyouhave womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating preservatives. products, fish, shellfish, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeastprotein, soy, dairy consume onetothreetimesdaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. and DIRECTIONS: Dissolvethecontentsofonesachetin1to2ozpurewater ProbioMax PlusDF HOWARU * Colony-FormingUnit Other Ingredients:Silica. **Daily Value notestablished. HOWARU Protein Fiber Dietary ‡ Total Carbohydrate Calories Size:1Sachet(3.8g) Serving Arabinogalactan Saccharomyces boulardii(10billionliveorganisms) Immunoglobulin G(IgG)(from1500mgIgG2000DF provides transferrins,IGF-1,andTGFß-1.) concentrate providingIgG,IgA,IgM,IgE,IgD.Also IgG 2000DF BifidobacteriumlongumBl-05 LactobacillusplantarumLp-115 LactobacillusacidophilusLa-14 Blend Proprietary Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet. ® ® Bifido(BifidobacteriumlactisHN019) isaregisteredtrademarkofDaniscoA/Sandusedunderlicense. ™ (Serum-derivedimmunoglobulin

™ SupplementFacts HOWARU Danisco A/Sandusedunderlicense. ™ ® ) isaregistered trademarkof *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnot intended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing 15 BillionCFU* 15 BillionCFU* All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 1500 mg 1500 mg 500 mg 675 mg 1 g 1 g 1 g 10

® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value <1% 4% ** ** ** ** ** ** ‡

• PATENTED References IgG 2000DF Beyond Probiotics... Continued 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Arabinogalactan isconsideredaprebiotic.* acids,short-chain fatty altersthegutmicroflora. andfavorably ammonia synthesisandabsorption, enhancesproductionof properties,of immuno-stimulatory arabinogalactanminimizes andpossession addition toinvolvementincellularcommunication arabinogalactan inProbioMaxPlusDFistheLarchtree. In galactose, arabinose. sourceof The GRAS-designated fibercontainingmainlythemonosaccharides,soluble dietary Arabinogalactan, plants, presentinmany isanon-digestible, wall integrityandprovideintestinalhumoralimmunity.* gut effectaswellitsabilitytopreserve the anti-inflammatory demonstrated ofimmunoglobulinshave with oralsupplementation challengeselsewhere.resources canberedirectedtoward Studies thebody’s oftheimmuneresponseingut so that stimulation of disease-causingorganismsandtoxins. This reducesthe orinhibittheproliferation in theintestinaltracttoeliminate factors, cytokines. andimmune-regulating IgG2000DFfunctions immunoglobulin antibodies, immunoprotein, beneficialgrowth fat,saturated dairy-free, consistentsourceofbovineserum-derived

functional diversity. CritRevBiotechnol. 2002;22(1):65-84. [PMID: 11958336] RN.Tharanathan Food-derived complexityand carbohydrates--structural Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):279-85. [PMID: 11506055] gastrointestinal andbloodparametersinhealthyhumansubjects. Robinson RR, Feirtag J, JL. Slavin arabinogalactanon Effectsofdietary 2006. Vol.196:2838 Rats. in inIntestinalInflammation Mediators J.Nutr. Mucosal Proinflammatory Moreto, M., etal. PlasmaProteinSupplementsPrevent theReleaseof Dietary 10337007] bovine antibodies. ClinExp.Immunol. 1999May;116(2):193-205[PMID Weiner, C, Pan, Q, etal. using Passive humanpathogens immunityagainst Dig DisSci. 2006 Aug;51(8):1485-92. Epub2006Jul13[PMID: 16838119] Buts JP, DeKeyser N. EffectsofSaccharomycesboulardiionintestinalmucosa. Mar;168(3):253-65. Epub2008Dec19. [PMID: 19096876] Vandenplas Y, etal. Saccharomycesboulardiiinchildhood. EurJPediatr. 2009 20458757] in adultpatients. World JGastroenterol . 2010May14;16(18):2202-22. [PMID: McFarland LV. review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii Systematic tract inhumansubjects. Nutr. Res . 2003;23:1313-1328 (DR10TM) andgalacto-oligosaccharidesonthemicrofloraofgastrointestinal Gopal, P., etal. EffectsoftheconsumptionBifidobacteriumlactisHN019 10743496] Bifidobacterium lactis(HN019). Br. J.Nutr . 2000Feb;83:167-176. [PMID: Lactobacillus rhamnosus(HN001), Lactobacillusacidophilus(HN017)and Gill, H. S., etal. andacquiredimmunityby Enhancementofnatural Mar;54:263-267. [PMID: 10713750] consumption ofBifidobacteriumlactis(HN019). Eur. J.Clin.Nutr .2000 Arunachalam, K.,etal. immunefunctionbydietary Enhancementofnatural ™ isapurified, (45%), highlyconcentrated low very Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

JAmColl Rev. (RV) DRS-234

08/14/13 Prostate FLO™ Male Health Specialized Support for Men* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Male Urinary Flow and Frequency* »» Supports Bladder and Prostate Health*

Prostate FLO™ is a specialized formula designed for men to support male urinary flow, hormone metabolism, and overall prostate health. It contains a variety of synergistic, standardized herbs in addition to pumpkin seed oil, vitamin B6, and zinc. Saw palmetto berry (Serenoa repens), widely studied and used in Europe, is present as a highly concentrated, standardized extract.*

Available in 60 softgels Discussion Saw Palmetto Berry Extract (Serenoa repens), widely studied and used in Europe to support male urinary flow,[1] is standardized in this formula to contain 85-95% free fatty acids and sterols. The extract inhibits 5 alpha-reductase[2] as well as DHT binding to androgen receptors,[3] has anti-estrogenic activity,[4] reduces prolactin-induced prostate enlargement[5] and IGF-1-induced prostate growth,[6] has anti- inflammatory activity,[7] and generally reduces edema.*[8]

Pygeum Africanum Bark Extract (Pygeum africanum), used for approximately 300 years, blocks androgen precursors, reduces prolactin levels, and has a decongesting, or anti-edema, effect. In animal models, Pygeum modulates bladder hypercontractility. The bark extract increases prostatic secretions and improves seminal fluid composition.[9] In 2007, a critical review of this plant’s efficacy examined a detailed series of in vitro and in vivo studies on prostate growth and bladder function. Researchers identified molecular targets of Pygeum africanum extract affecting both growth factor-mediated prostate growth and specific parameters of bladder function.*[10]

Pumpkin Seed Oil Extract (Cucurbita pepo) is naturally rich in phytosterols, antioxidants, and unsaturated fatty acids (55% linoleic acid). A randomized, controlled, double-blind, three-month study (n=53) reported significant improvement in urinary flow, urination time, residual urine, and urinary frequency without any adverse effects.*[11]

Uva-Ursi Extract (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), derived from the Uva- Ursi leaf, contains 10% of the glycoside, arbutin, beneficial for its anti-microbial and diuretic properties.*[12,13]

Zinc inhibits 5a reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to its more potent form, dihydro-testosterone, believed to be most responsible for proliferative changes to the prostate.*[14]

2007;26(4):458-63; discussion464. Review. [PMID: 17397059] ofLUTS.of Pygeumafricanuminthetreatment NeurourolUrodyn. Edgar AD, etal. oftheplantextract A criticalreviewofthepharmacology pygeum.pdf {Accessed20Jan2010} http://www.uchsc.edu/sop/pharmd/6.Experiential_Programs/-downloads/ Herbal Medicine. Schultz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Phytotherapy: Rational A Physician’s Guideto Serenoa repensBartr.] AnnPharmFr. 1983;41(6):559-70. [PMID: 6677168] Tarayre JP, etal. actionofahexaneextractthestonefruit [Anti-edematous 14572753] double-blind pilotclinical assay. EurUrol. 2003Nov;44(5):549-55. [PMID: markers.Permixon onhistologicalandmolecularinflammatory Resultsofa Vela R, Navarrete etal. BPHandinflammation: pharmacologicaleffectsof Jul;145(7):3205-14. Epub2004Mar19[PMID: 15033918] epithelialcells. inhumanprostate Endocrinology.kinase phosphorylation 2004 factor-I proteinkinase/c-JunN-terminal signalingandinducesstress-activated Wadsworth TL, etal. palmettoextractsuppressesinsulin-likegrowth Saw [PMID: 11725073] prolactin receptorsignaltransduction. JBiomedSci. 1995Oct;2(4):357-365. Vacher P, etal. The lipidosterolicextractfromSerenoarepensinterfereswith patients. EurUrol. 1992;21(4):309-14. [PMID: 1281103] hypertrophy tissueofbenignprostatic antiestrogenic activityinprostatic Di SilverioF, etal. Serenoarepensextractdisplaysan Evidencethat Aging. 1996Nov;9(5):379-95. [PMID: 8922564] efficacy andtherapeutic hyperplasia.pharmacology inbenignprostatic Drugs Plosker GL, BrogdenRN. Serenoarepens(Permixon). A reviewofits May;57(5):999-1005. [PMID: 11337315] androgens. ofprostatic biopsy coresforinsituquantification Urology. 2001 Marks LS, etal. Tissue palmettoandfinasteride: effectsofsaw useof Database SystRev. 2002;(3):CD001423. [PMID: 12137626] Wilt T, etal. hyperplasia. Serenoarepensforbenignprostatic Cochrane Epidemiol BiomarkersPrev. 2010Jan;19(1):229-39. [PMID: 20056642] cancer.dihydrotestosterone metabolismandtheriskofprostate Cancer Setlur SR, ChenCX, etal. ofgenesinvolvedin Geneticvariation Nov;20(5):285-93. [PMID: 12522584] Yarnell E. tract. Botanicalmedicinesfortheurinary World JUrol. 2002 4040436] of uva-ursiinvitro]CeskFarm .Arctostaphylos 1985Jun;34(5):174-8. [PMID: Jahodár L, etal. [Antimicrobialeffectofarbutinandanextracttheleaves J Urol. 1990Dec;66(6):639-41. [PMID: 1702340] Carbin BE, etal. Treatment hyperplasiawithphytosterols. ofbenignprostatic Br Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Trans.Terry C. Telger. 3rded. Berlin, Germany:Springer, 1998.

Rev. (RV) DRS-147

08/08/12 ProteoXyme™ Joint & Muscle Support Systemic Enzyme Formula Clinical Applications

»» Supports the Body’s Normal Response to Inflammation* »» May Help Improve Joint Health and Mobility*

»» Supports Healthy Immune System Balance* Sports Nutrition »» May Help Support the Body’s Ability to Heal and Maintain Tissue Integrity*

ProteoXyme™ is designed to promote joint comfort and support the body’s normal response to inflammation, its ability to maintain tissue integrity, and its healing process. Proteolytic enzymes in

ProteoXyme may break down proteins and complexes that can be Immune System Support produced as a result of injury and tissue damage. This activity is believed to aid nutrient and oxygen delivery and may help speed the body’s ability to recover and heal. Acid-resistant capsules facilitate Available in 100 Capsules systemic delivery of enzymes.* Discussion Enzymes are complex proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions it is suggested that bromelain supports the body’s innate and adaptive throughout the body, and sufficient levels are necessary for optimizing immune function,[10,11] signifying an effect beyond that of proteolysis in many bodily functions. Though the body naturally produces its own some cases.* supply of enzymes, production can vary with age and biochemical individuality.*[1] Serrapeptase (also known as serratiopeptidase) is an enzyme Cytokine Balance Support produced by microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of Proteolytic enzymes, also known as proteases, specifically break silkworms. Silkworms use it to digest their cocoons. Multi-center, down proteins into peptides and amino acids through the process of double-blind studies suggest that serrapeptase significantly supports “proteolysis.” For example, proteases produced by the pancreas assist tissue integrity and comfort and is well-tolerated.[12,13] Pancreatin in the digestion of dietary protein. Some proteases, such as trypsin, in ProteoXyme is a mixture of pancreatic enzymes containing are then resorbed, transported in the bloodstream, and resecreted by chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase, and lipase. The papain present is a the pancreas. Enzymes in circulation are bound to antiprotease alpha- proteolytic enzyme derived from papaya fruit.* 2-macroglobulin to protect them from being degraded by other serum proteases and to retain their enzymatic activity.* The effect of combining various proteolytic enzymes has been studied closely for decades. For example, the combination of trypsin and ProteoXyme is a proteolytic enzyme formula designed to be absorbed chymotrypsin has a history of use in the support of tissue integrity across the gastrointestinal mucosa and into circulation.[2] When and healing, with positive results in early double-blind trials.[14-16] The distributed systemically, proteolytic enzymes can break down proteins combination of bromelain, trypsin, and rutin has been researched and complexes generated during injury and tissue damage. This action and found to produce positive results as well.[17] For example, in a supports the body’s normal recovery process.* six-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel group trial (n=90), oral proteolytic enzymes were well tolerated and considered to support In vivo studies suggest that trypsin and other proteases, though the body’s normal response to inflammation to a similar degree as normally confined to the bloodstream, are able to enter the site of the other compounds studied.[18] Another randomized double-blind inflammation.[3] At this site, they are able to support immune function controlled study using systemic enzyme therapy (a combination of and the body’s normal response to inflammation. Research suggests bromelain, trypsin, and rutin) reported “remarkable differences” in that orally administered proteolytic enzymes may exert this beneficial tissue comfort and integrity in subjects who received the enzyme effect as well.[3,4] It is thought that they function as proteinase- therapy.*[19] activated receptor (PAR) modulators, a feature which allows them to contribute to immune and cytokine balance.[5] Proteolysis of intestinal ProteoXyme contains a combination of pancreatin, papain, rutin, microorganisms may contribute to the immunostimulatory effects of bromelain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and serrapeptase in acid-resistant oral proteolytic enzymes as well.*[6] capsules that are designed to withstand gastric juices, ultimately allowing direct absorption into the bloodstream. For best results, the Proteolytic enzymes have been used worldwide for decades to support formula should be consumed on an empty stomach.* health and healing. For example, research on bromelain (an enzyme obtained from pineapple) suggests that it supports the body’s normal response to inflammation and eicosanoid modulation.[7-9] Furthermore,

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cytokine Balance Support Immune System Support Sports Nutrition Joint & Muscle Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry tree nuts, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, soy, products, dairy fish, shellfish, peanuts, healthcare practitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. shouldconsulttheir and individualswithbleedingdisordersorliverdamage Children, women, pregnantorlactating individualsusingbloodthinners, by yourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedailyonanemptystomach, fivecapsules orasdirected ProteoXyme Serving Size:5Capsules Serving vegetable magnesiumstearate,andsilica. Other Ingredients: cellulose,vegetablestearicacid, Inulin,HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. Serrapeptase (fromporcine)Chymotrypsin Trypsin (fromporcine) Bromelain (frompineapple)(Ananascomosus)(stems) Rutin (fromSophorajaponica)(leaf) Papain (frompapaya)(Caricapapaya)(fruit) Pancreatin (fromporcine) ™ SupplementFacts

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 4,000,000 PU 288,000 USP 125,000 USP 37,500 USP 60,000 U 540 GDU 250 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2001;68(1):45-9. [PMID: 11706714] [inCzech]. swelling andpostoperative prevention ofpost-traumatic ActaChir 2005 Aug 17;10(8):325-31. [PMID: 16131473] onmononuclearbromelain andtrypsin cellsfromhumans. EurJMedRes. Barth H, Guseo A, KleinR. ontheimmunologicaleffectof Invitrostudy Mar;22(2):191-203. [PMID: 3287010] comosus) anditsclinical application. An update. JEthnopharmacol.1988Feb- Taussig SJ, S. Batkin Bromelain, (Ananas theenzymecomplexofpineapple Review. [PMID: 14664746]. in cancertherapy. IntegrCancerTher. 2002Mar;1(1):7-37;discussion37. cascade—eicosanoids, cyclooxygenases, andlipoxygenases—asanadjunct Wallace JM. oftheinflammatory Nutritionalandbotanicalmodulation Applications. AltMedRev. 1996;1(4): 243-57. [copyonfile]. Kelly GS. Bromelain: ReviewandDiscussionofits A Literature Therapeutic 16870353] as apossiblestartingpoint. MedHypotheses. 2006;67(6):1386-8. [PMID: comefrom?Microbialproteolysis enzymes (‘systemicenzymetherapy’) Biziulevicius GA. effectsoforalproteolytic Where dotheimmunostimulatory response. EndocrRev. 2005Feb;26(1):1-43. [PMID: 15689571] andimmune signalingininflammation transducers ofproteinase-mediated Steinhoff M, BuddenkotteJ, Shpacovitch V, etal. receptors: Proteinase-activated webmedcentral.com/article_view/2495. Accessed October4, 2012. COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE2011;2(11):WMC002495. http://www. Shahid S. Roleofsystemicenzymesininfections. WebmedCentral Transplant. 1996Jun;11(6):952-5. [PMID: 8671947] Lehmann PV. byproteolyticenzymes. Immunomodulation NephrolDial Physiol. 1997Jul;273(1Pt1):G139-46. [PMID: 9252520] proteins inmen: presenceofbromelaininplasmaafteroralintake. AmJ Castell JV, Friedrich G, Kuhn CS, etal. Intestinalabsorptionofundegraded May;37(3):318-23. [PMID: 18332058] process.activity intheserumduringhumanageing AgeAgeing. 2008 Paczek L, Michalska W, BartlomiejczykI. Trypsin, elastase, plasminandMMP-9 Kamenícek V, HolánP, Fran 2006 Jan-Feb;24(1):25-30. [PMID: 16539815] drugs.enzymes withnon-steroidalanti-inflammatory ClinExpRheumatol. osteoarthritis ofthehip. A double-blind, comparingoral randomizedstudy Klein G. Efficacy inpainful andtoleranceofanoralenzymecombination 15278753] prospective randomizedstudy. ClinRheumatol. 2004Oct;23(5):410-5. [PMID: diclofenac ofosteoarthritisthe knee—adouble-blind inthetreatment Akhtar NM, NaseerR, Farooqi AZ, etal. versus Oralenzymecombination 1970 Sept;24(9):375–7. [PMID: 4918726] Buck JE, PhillipsN. Trial ofChymoralinprofessionalfootballers. BrJClinPract. Afr MedJ.1971Feb 13;45(7):181–3. [PMID: 4928685] Rathgeber WF. The useofproteolyticenzymes(Chymoral)insportinginjuries. double-blind study. PaMed . 1965Oct;68(10):35–7. [PMID: 5318158] Deitrick RE. injuries: ofathletic Oralproteolyticenzymesinthetreatment A Oct;18(5):379-88. [PMID: 2257960] double-blind, randomizedtrialversusplacebo. JIntMedRes. 1990Sep- pathology: amulticentre, ofotorhinolaryngology acute orchronicinflammation Mazzone A, M, Catalani CostanzoM, etal. peptidasein ofSerratia Evaluation Pharmatherapeutica. 1984;3(8):526-30. [PMID: 6366808] versusplaceboinpost-antrotomybuccalswelling. ofserrapeptase study Tachibana M, MizukoshiO, Harada Y, etal. A multi-centre, double-blind Life Sci. 2001 Aug;58(9): 1234-45. [PMID: 11577981] Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, andmedicaluse. pharmacology CellMol Additional referencesavailable uponrequest ĕ k P. and inthetreatment Systemicenzymetherapy

Rev. (RV) DRS-182

10/16/12 S Red Yeast Rice Cardiovascular Support Citrinin-Free Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Blood Lipid Levels Already in the Normal Range* »» TCM: Supports Healthy Digestion, Blood Circulation, Spleen/ Stomach Health*

Red Yeast Rice is developed by fermenting Monascus purpureus (red yeast) on commercially grown rice. It has been found to naturally support healthy blood lipid levels already in the normal range. For your safety, this formula is free of citrinin—a mycotoxin produced by yeast.*

Available in 90 capsules & 180 capsules Discussion Fueled by extensive studies, scientific evidence demonstrating the material to assure its safety. Repeated analysis has found XYMOGEN’s safety, tolerability, and efficacy of red yeast rice (RYR) continues to Red Yeast Rice to be so well within the limits of safety that it earns the mount.[1-6] The first use of RYR was documented in 800 A.D., during designation “citrinin-free.”*[14] the Tang Dynasty. Subsequently, during the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), the manufacturing process was published in the ancient Chinese pharmacopoeia. The typical Asian diet contains 14-55 grams of naturally occurring RYR per day.*[7]

The potential benefits of consuming RYR or its supplement form, RYRE (red yeast rice extract), are multifaceted. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the powdered form is called Hong Qu, Hong Mi, or Chi Qu. Considered sweet, acidic, and warm, it is used to strengthen the spleen and stomach, thereby promoting digestion, invigorating blood circulation, and eliminating blood stasis.[8] In vitro work suggests that RYR downregulates adipogenic transcription factors, such as PPAR gamma and other genes that differentiate adipocytes.*[9]

Researchers believe that certain fermentation products of RYR influence enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. In addition, a study utilizing hamsters concluded that “the activity of RYR is, at least, partially mediated by enhancement of acidic sterol excretion.”[10] RYR also contains various pigments, tannins, phytochemicals such as sterols and isoflavones, and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, all of which may work synergistically with the active fermentation products.*[3,8]

Since 1996, there have been no fewer than nine randomized, controlled RYR/RYRE trials involving thousands of subjects. Studies since the 1970s have demonstrated that RYRE supports healthy blood lipid levels already in the normal range. The medical literature associated with these studies includes comparative, case series, and dosing studies.[1-12] Because there is evidence that use of RYR can deplete coenzyme Q10, co-supplementation is recommended.*[13]

In its natural state, RYRE may contain a secondary metabolite of the Monascus species called citrinin, which is a mycotoxin.[2] Accordingly, XYMOGEN carefully tests and documents every batch of RYRE raw

in hamsters. BiomedEnvironSci. 2009 Aug;22(4):269-77. [PMID: 19950521] Ma KY, ZhangZS, ZhaoSX, etal. Redyeastriceincreasesexcretionofbileacids 3T3-L1 cells. LifeSci. 2004Nov12;75(26):3195-203. [PMID: 15488898] adipogenictranscriptionfactorsandgeneexpressionin by down-regulating Jeon T, Hwang SG, HiraiS, etal. Redyeastriceextractssuppressadipogenesis .Pharmacology CityofIndustry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress;2001:527-528. Hung Qu(Monascus). In: ChenJK, Chen TT. and ChineseMedicalHerbology Jun;9(2):208-10 [PMID: 15253679] Monograph. Monascuspurpureus(redyeastrice). AlternMedRev. 2004 Aug;49(8):947-56. [PMID19602720] (CCSPS). PreventionStudy Secondary JClinPharmacol.China Coronary 2009 withpreviousmyocardialinfarctionfromthe in elderlyhypertensivepatients Group BeneficialimpactofXuezhikangoncardiovasculareventsandmortality Li JJ, LuZL, Kou WR, etal. PreventionStudy Secondary ChineseCoronary 20poster.pdfstudy% 22,2012. . AccessedApril Assembly. August 1-6, 1998. www.px2.com.tw/poster/No8.RY1%20Cn%20 randomized, double-blindclinical trial. Medical National Scientific Association serum cholesterolandtriacylglycerols hyperlipidemia: inelderlywithprimary A Qin SC, Zhang WQ, QiP, etal. reduces A Monascuspurpureusricepreparation [PMID: 9989685] supplement.Chinese redyeastricedietary AmJClinNutr. 1999;69:231-36. Heber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, etal. effectsofaproprietary Cholesterol-lowering 59. Review. [PMID: 17900498] Wang TH, Lin TF. Monascusriceproducts. AdvFoodNutrRes. 2007;53:123- Med. 2005Dec;11(4):309-13. Review. [PMID: 16417786] efficacy andsafetyoftheuseextractsMonascuspurpureus. ChinJIntegr Bianchi A. of ExtractsofMonascususpurpureusbeyondstatins—profile 16;150(12):830-09, W147-49. [PMID: 19528562] patients:statin-intolerant arandomizedtrial. AnnInternMed. 2009Jun Becker DJ, GordonRY, HalbertSC, et.al. in Redyeastricefordyslipidemia Assay available uponrequest. Assay available treatment. JAmGeriatrSoc. 2006 Apr;54(4):718-20. [PMID: 16686894] coenzyme Q10andmaintainsmuscle ofstatin afterdiscontinuation damage Vercelli L, Mongini T, OliveroN, etal. Chinese redricedepletesmuscle Atheroscler Rep. 2011Feb;13(1):73-80. Review. [PMID: 21061097] Gordon RY, BeckerDJ. The roleofredyeastriceforthephysician. Curr 20102918] intolerance.statin AmJCardiol. 2010Jan15;105(2):198-204. [PMID: withprevious (20mgtwicedaily)inpatients twice daily)versuspravastatin Halbert SC, French B, GordonRY, etal. Tolerability ofredyeastrice(2,400mg Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-133

01/16/13 RegeneMax™ Bone Health Support Advanced Collagen Generator Clinical Applications

» Reduces Fine Lines and Wrinkles* » Thickens and Strengthens Hair* » Strengthens Nails*

» Increases Hip Bone Mineral Density* Female Health » Adds Flexibility to Bones* » Promotes Healthy Joints*

RegeneMax™ provides ch-OSA® (choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid), that helps naturally nourish your body’s beauty proteins. Regular orthosilicic acid is highly unstable, leading it to form polymers. These polymers are too large for the human body to absorb. But the patented

“choline stabilization” technology in RegeneMax prevents the polymers Joint & Muscle Support from forming, ensuring optimal absorption. RegeneMax has been formulated with clinically proven ch-OSA for your assurance.*

Available in 60 capsules and 1 ounce (30 mL) sizes

Discussion Collagen is the body’s main structural protein. Collagen makes up 800 IU of vitamin D to which they added ch-OSA saw thigh bone 70% of skin and gives skin both strength and elasticity. Collagen mineral density at the hip increase by 2.00% over the placebo as a forms 30% of bone and gives bones the fl exibility they need to result of an increase in actual bone formation, not just a decrease in withstand impact. The collagen fi bers in bone are the binding sites loss.[7] The procollagen marker P1NP (procollagen type-1 N-terminal for calcium as well as all bone minerals.[1] Collagen is the major propeptide) increased signifi cantly after 12 months in women who

component of fascia, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. But collagen took ch-OSA compared to women in the placebo group. P1NP is Sports Nutrition production begins decreasing at age 18. By the age of 40, the known as the most sensitive marker for bone collagen formation decrease is about 1% per year.[2] For women, the decline equates to and an early marker of bone formation.[7] Animal studies support the a loss of 7% of skin thickness every 10 years. Following menopause, human clinical ﬁ ndings for ch-OSA with respect to collagen formation the decline in thickness accelerates to as much as 1.13% annually, and bone mineral density.*[8-10] while skin elasticity degrades 0.55% per year.[3] Adequate collagen production correlates with healthy bones and strong hair and nails.*[2-4]

For years, orthosilicic acid was the focus of intense research because it was viewed as a potential collagen generator. As a result of that research, the molecular complex known as choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA®) was created. Choline not only has the positively charged nitrogen atom that forms the vital bond with OSA, but according to leading collagen researchers, choline transports the orthosilicic acid into target cells where it activates the pathways involved in collagen production. Clinical trials also suggest that beyond its ability to generate collagen, ch-OSA promotes keratin and elastin formation—two proteins that assist in skin elasticity and hair tensile strength.*[5-7]

In a 20-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 50 women with photo-damaged facial skin, oral intake of two ch-OSA capsules resulted in signifi cantly improved skin, visco-elasticity properties, and a 30% reduction in micro-wrinkle depth compared to placebo.[5] In the same clinical trial, the women’s hair and nails showed signifi cant improvements in strength. In a nine-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 48 healthy Caucasian women with fi ne hair (average age 43.3 years), ch-OSA (in daily capsules) signifi cantly improved hair thickness and hair tensile strength.[6] In a 12-month clinical trial conducted at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London, women already taking 1000 mg of calcium and EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Sports Nutrition Joint & Muscle Support Female Health Bone Health Support RegeneMax STORAGE: Storeinacool, place. dry ingredient. are pregnantorlactating. Keepoutofreachchildren. Avoid ifallergictoany amedicalcondition, orsuspectyouhave have aretakingprescriptiondrugs, or CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse, especiallyifyou preservatives. fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn,cial sweeteners, or yeast, soy, products, animalordairy healthcare practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twotimesperday, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyour PROTECT FROMLIGHTANDMOISTURE. KEEP OUTOFTHEREACHCHILDREN. STOREAT 59-86°F(15-30°C). lactating. suspect amedicalcondition, aretakingprescriptiondrugs, orarepregnant CAUTIONS: or Consultyourhealthcareprofessionalpriortouseifyouhave nuts. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, soy, dairy, egg, fi sh/shellfi sh ornuts/tree to fi ve drops, twicedaily. Stir anddrinkimmediately. For Skin, Hair, Nails, andJointbenefi ts: Increasedose DIRECTIONS: For Bones: Onetimeperday, takesixdropsin2oz(1/4cup)liquid. RegeneMax © XYMOGEN Servings PerContainer:About120 Servings Size:5Drops(about0.25mL) Serving Size:1Capsule Serving MADE INBELGIUM MADE INBELGIUM ch-OSA U.S. PatentNumber5,922,360andotherpatentspending. Other Ingredients:Glycerol,purifi edwater. ** DailyValue notestablished. Silicon (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid) Choline (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid) Choline (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid) Silicon (ascholine-stabilizedorthosilicicacid) ch-OSA U.S. PatentNumber5,922,360andotherpatentspending. cellulose,HPMC(capsule),andpurifiOther Ingredients:Microcrystalline edwater. ** DailyValue notestablished. ® ® isaregisteredtrademarkof,andmanufacturedbyBioMineralsn.v., Belgium. isaregisteredtrademarkof,andmanufacturedbyBioMineralsn.v., Belgium. ™ ™ LiquidSupplementFacts SupplementFacts mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing This product isnot intendedto diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN 100 mg 100 mg EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 5 mg 5 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. 18% 18% ** ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16604283] stabilized orthosilicicacid.Int. CalcifTissue 2006, Apr;78(4): 227-232. [PMID: supplementedwithcholine- ovariectomizedrats femoral bonelossinaged Calomme MR, GeusensP, DemeesterN, etal. Partial preventionoflong-term 2002; Zagreb, Croatia. Presented at: 29thEuropeanSymposiumonCalcifi ed Tissues; May25-29, orthosilicic acidonbonedensityinchicks.Int. CalcifTissue 2002, 70:292. Calomme MR, Wijnen P, SindambiweJB, etal. Effectofcholine-stabilized Feb;56(2):153-165. [PMID: 9164661] inskinandcartilage. concentration the collagen Biol Trace. ElemRes 1997 orthosilicic acid. EffectontheSi, Ca, Mg, inserumand andPconcentrations Calomme MR, Vanden BergheDA. ofcalveswithstabilized Supplementation BMC MusculoskeletDisord. 2008Jun11;9:85. [PMID: 18547426] inosteopenicfemales:of boneformation arandomized, placebo-controlledtrial. markers asanadjuncttocalcium/vitaminD3stimulates acid supplementation Spector TD, CalommeMR, Anderson SH, etal. Choline-stabilized orthosilicic hair. Res. ArchDermatol 2007Dec;299(10):499-505. [PMID: 17960402] inwomenwithfiorthosilicic acidonhairtensilestrengthandmorphology ne Wickett RR, Kossmann E, Barel A, etal. Effectoforalintakecholine-stabilized skin. Res.2005Oct;297(4):147-153. ArchDermatol [PMID: 16205932] stabilized orthosilicicacidonskin, nailsandhairinwomenwithphotodamaged Barel A, CalommeM, Timchenko A, etal. Effectoforalintakecholine- women.Japanese EndocrJ. 2004 Apr;51(2):159-164. [PMID: 15118265] postmenopausal hypoestrogenismonskinelasticityandbonemineraldensityin Sumino H, S, Ichikawa Abe M, etal. (2004). and Effectsofaging June;13(2):60-4. [PMID: 17540135] Calleja-Agius J, Muscat-Baron Y, MP. Brincat Skinageing. MenopauseInt. 2007 Med Hypotheses.2005;65(3):426-432. [PMID: 15951132] Shuster S. Osteoporosis, lossinskinandbone. hypothesisofcollagen aunitary Osteoporos Int.2006;17:319-336. [PMID: 16341622] Viguet-Carrin S, GarneroP, DelmasPD. inbonestrength.The roleofcollagen Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 05/30/12 (RV) DRS-170 ™

RelaxMax Female Health Neurotransmitter & Hormone Support* Promotes Stress Resiliency* Clinical Applications »» Supports Relaxed Mood* »» Supports Inhibitory Neurotransmitter and Second Messenger

Functions* Neurologic & Cognitive »» Supports Neurotransmitter Balance and Neuronal Stabilization* »» Supports Healthy Blood Pressure Levels Already Within Normal Range* »» Addresses Brain Osmotic Regulation, Glial Cell Function, and Effective Neuronal Transmission*

RelaxMax™ is an innovative powdered drink mix. It contains a blend of ingredients that supports the body’s natural synthesis of catecholamines, the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, hormonal balance, and healthy glucose metabolism. RelaxMax aims to Relaxation & Sleep promote a calm, relaxed, well-balanced emotional and physiological state.* Available in Cherry & Unflavored Discussion Inositol Present as the distinct isomer myo-inositol, inositol is a antioxidant and cytokine-balancing functions, taurine is important to six-carbon cyclic polyalcohol that occurs naturally in all living cells. neurotransmission, neuroregulation, and cardiac function.[8,9] Taurine Fruits, beans, grains, and nuts contain some inositol; however, an supplementation also increases GABA.*[9] 1800-2500–calorie daily diet has been shown to provide only 225- 1500 mg of myo-inositol. Of the nearly 100% of ingested myo-inositol L-Theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) L-Theanine, provided as that is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, more than half becomes Suntheanine®, is protected by more than 40 US and international lipid bound. In contrast to low plasma concentration, the peripheral patents for its various physiological efficacies and L-isomer-specific nerves have an extraordinarily high concentration of myo-inositol.[1] production processes. A naturally-occurring, biologically active, Inositol is a precursor for the second-messenger phosphatidyl- free-form amino acid, L-theanine gives green tea its characteristic inositol system, which affects mood status differently than precursors taste. Although notable for its relaxation support, L-theanine may also for neurotransmitters.[2] Based upon validated scoring procedures, support nerve health and cognition. Theanine lowers glutamate levels double-blind, controlled, random-order crossover clinical trials using by preventing transport of glutamate’s precursor, glutamine.[10] It may up to 18 g of myo-inositol per day for a month have demonstrated also inhibit neurotransmission, cause inhibitory neurotransmission effectiveness with minimal to no side effects.*[3,4] via glycine receptors, and thereby reduce neuronal overstimulation.[11] L-theanine’s ability to relax the mind without inducing drowsiness has GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) GABA is an amino acid been documented by an increase in alpha wave activity during EEG manufactured in brain cells from glutamate. This primary recording.*[12] neurotransmitter, abundant in the cerebral cortex, increases the production of alpha waves (related to a relaxed, yet mentally focused Magnesium Sometimes referred to as the relaxation mineral and state) while decreasing beta waves (associated with hyperactivity, mainly found in the brain, bones, and muscles, magnesium assists in nervousness, and fleeting thoughts). Sufficient GABA results in the the transmission of nerve impulses and is essential to more than 300 smooth, calming, regular rhythmic flow of electrical impulses in the enzymatic reactions in the body. Magnesium supplementation has brain needed for emotional well-being.[5] Supplementation in humans been shown to support a healthy mood, including during the menstrual has shown support for the maintenance of healthy cortisol and cycle when mood changes are common.*[13] secretory IgA levels while under stress.*[6] More than one of the ingredients in RelaxMax may support a Taurine A 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid originally isolated from ox bile, healthy body weight and healthy hormone, lipid, insulin, and glucose taurine exists mainly in free form in the intracellular space of tissues. metabolism.*[14-16] This conditionally essential amino acid maintains cell volume via osmoregulation—the process that corrects excessive or insufficient concentrations of electrolytes—and stabilizes cell membranes in the heart and brain, two electrically active tissues. Considered neuroprotective, taurine modulates the ability of mitochondria to buffer intracellular calcium during glutamate depolarization and excitotoxicity—the means by which neurons are overstimulated and damaged—and thereby may prevent cell death.[7] In addition to its

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Relaxation & Sleep Neurologic & Cognitive Female Health L-Theanine (Suntheanine GABA (gamma-aminobutyricacid) Taurine myo-Inositol Magnesium (asDiMagnesiumMalate) STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating water. Drinkonetofourtimesdaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. © XYMOGEN DIRECTIONS: DissolveonescoopofRelaxMax PerContainer:60 Servings Size:1Scoop(3.8g) Serving RelaxMax pending. Di-Magnesium MalatecoveredbyAlbionLaboratories,Inc.U.S.Patent6,706,904andpatents stevia. flavor(noMSG),malicacid,naturalredbeetpowder,Other Ingredients:Naturalcherry citricacid,and ** DailyValue notestablished. ™ Wild Cherry SupplementFacts WildCherry ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. ™ into6flouncesofcool, pure This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing L-Theanine, isatrademarkofTaiyo International, Inc. Suntheanine All XYMOGEN 100 mg 500 mg 75 mg 50 mg ® , apatentedformof 2 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 19% ** ** ** **

10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11.

Jun;86(8):1846-56. [PMID: 18293419] brain.glutamine transportinneuronsandastrogliarat JNeurosciRes.2008 Kakuda T, HinoiE, Abe A, etal. Theanine, aningredientofgreentea, inhibits[3H] 1:S14. [PMID: 20804588] of GABAreceptorsintaurine-fedmice. JBiomedSci.2010 Aug 24;17Suppl L’Amoreaux WJ, Marsillo A, ElIdrissi A, etal. Pharmacologicalcharacterization Mar;75(3):525-32. [PMID: 3815764] withborderlinehypertension.and taurineinyoungpatient . Circulation 1987 Fujita T, Ando K, NodaH, etal. activity Effectsofincreasedadrenomedullary [PMID: 16955229] neuroprotection. AminoAcids.2008Feb;34(2):321-8. [Epub2006Sep8] El Idrissi A. Taurine increasesmitochondrialbufferingofcalcium: rolein 2010;17:108-20. [Epub2009Nov24][PMID: 19955761] axisfunction.drugs influencinghypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal EndocrDev. Locatelli V, BrescianiE, Tomiazzo L, etal. system-acting Centralnervous humans. Biofactors. 2006;26(3):201-8. [PMID: 16971751] in enhancement effectsofgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)administration Abdou AM, HigashiguchiS, HorieK, etal. andimmunity Relaxation disorder.. AmJPsychiatry 1996Sep;153(9):1219-21. [PMID: 8780431] Fux M, LevineJ, Aviv A, etal. ofobsessive-compulsive Inositoltreatment Psychopharmacol. 2001Jun;21(3):335-9. [PMID: 11386498] ofpanicdisorder.of inositolversusfluvoxamineforthetreatment JClin Palatnik A, Frolov K, FuxM, etal. Double-blind, controlled, crossovertrial 7726322] ofdepression..treatment AmJPsychiatry 1995May;152(5):792-4. [PMID: Levine J, Barak Y, GonzalvesM. Double-blind, controlledtrialofinositol ajcn.org/content/33/9/1954. Accessed October24, 2011. a highmyo-inositoldiet. AmJClinNut.1980Sep;33(9):1954-67. http://www. Clements, RS, DarnellB. Myo-inositolcontentofcommonfoods: developmentof Gynecology DepartmentofClinicalSciences,Gynecology UmeåUniversity;2011. Polycystic Syndrome[dissertation]. Ovary Umeå, Sweden: Obstetricsand Hedström, H. GABA-SteroidEffectsinHealthySubjectsand Women with 2012 Feb 1. [Epubaheadofprint][PMID: 22296306] PCOS: reviewofrandomized controlledtrials. asystematic GynecolEndocrinol. Unfer V, G, Carlomagno DanteG, etal. Effectsofmyo-inositolinwomenwith 22122627] diabetes inPCOSwomen. GynecolEndocrinol. 2012Jun;28(6):440-2. [PMID: D’Anna R, DiBenedetto V, RizzoP, etal. Myo-inositolmaypreventgestational 2067759] premenstrual moodchanges. ObstetGynecol. 1991 Aug;78(2):177-81. [PMID: Facchinetti F, BorellaP, SancesG, etal. successfullyrelieves Oralmagnesium 18296328] effect onmentalstate. AsiaPacJClinNutr. 2008;17Suppl1:167-8. [PMID: Nobre AC, Rao A, OwenGN. L-theanine, constituentintea, anatural andits neurotransmission. NutrNeurosci. 2005 Aug;(8)4:219-26. [PMID: 16493792] withglutamicacid on neurotransmitterreleaseanditsrelationship Yamada T, Tershima T, Okubo T, etal. Effectsoftheanine, r-glutamylethylamide, Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-222

08/12/13 Resveratin™ Plus Cardiovascular Support Resveratrol/Pterostilbene Complex Clinical Applications

»» Methylation helps improve absorption and stability* »» Powerful Antioxidant Support*

»» Supports Healthy Cellular Function* Cell-Life Regulation »» Produces Changes Associated with Longer Lifespan (including activation of sirtuins)* »» Supports Cardiovascular/Neurological Health*

Resveratin™ Plus provides a complete bioflavonoid complex with resveratrol, quercetin, and pterostilbene. These three antioxidants work together synergistically. Pterostilbene, a new focus of scientific research, is methylated resveratrol, a bio-optimized form that complements resveratrol and quercetin. These compounds are being extensively Immune System Support studied in the areas of cardiovascular health and aging.*

Available in 60 capsules

Discussion Resveratrol (RES) (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a stilbenol derived from Resveratrol’s numerous anti-inflammatory properties may explain stilbene, a natural plant product. RES is found in varying amounts in why it has so many far-reaching health benefits. It inhibits synthesis grapes, various berries, plums, peanuts (and pines). Oral resveratrol is and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, modifies eicosanoid rapidly metabolized via sulfate conjugation by the intestine/liver.[1] The synthesis, and inhibits activated immune cells. By inhibiting either methyl capping of all free hydroxyl groups (as in Pterostilbene) results NF-(kappa)B or the activator protein-1 (AP-1), resveratrol also appears in dramatically higher hepatic metabolic stability, intestinal absorption to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 and membrane transport compared to unmethylated RES.[2,3] Quercitin, (COX-2).[11] Specific human dosing to support a healthy inflammatory pterostilbene and resveratrol are synergistic antioxidants, with response has not yet been established.*[12] quercitin seemingly aiding in the absorption of resveratrol.*[4]

Stilbenols are polyphenolic compounds that have cell-protecting properties.[5] For RES, this action has mostly been linked to growth and death regulatory pathways. Research published in 2008 also demonstrated RES’s contribution to the maintenance of genome stability. Pterostilbene and quercetin, structurally-related and naturally-occurring, small polyphenols, show longer half-life in vivo than unmethylated resveratrol and have been shown to work synergistically to protect cellular health.*[6]

As exciting as its role in chemoprotection, is resveratrol’s ability to produce changes associated with longevity. These include increased insulin sensitivity, reduced IGF-1, increased AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha activity, increased mitochondrial number and improved motor function. RES opposed the effects of the high calorie diet in 144 of 153 significantly altered gene pathways.[7] RES activates sirtuins including SIR2, a special longevity cellular[8] and SIRT1 that helps protect nerve cells.*[9]

In vitro, ex vivo and animal experiments have shown that the attributes of RES such as its powerful antioxidant activity, modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein and lipid synthesis, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and inhibition of human platelet and neutrophil production of pro- atherogenic eicosanoids favor protection against atherosclerosis.*[10]

PlusSupplementFacts is atrademarkofChromaDexInc. ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnotintended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. All XYMOGEN Amount PerServing EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 62.5 mg 250 mg 75 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** • PATENTED 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Planta Med. 2005May;71(5):387-92. [PMID: 15931573] characterized bypterostilbene, anditsactivityinhealthyhumanvolunteers. MA, SmitHF. SelectiveCOX-2 inhibitionbyaPterocarpusmarsupiumextract Hougee S, Faber J, Sanders A, deJongRB, vandenBerg WB, GarssenJ, Hoijer May;49(5):405-30 [PMID:15832402] agent:aging mechanismsandclinical implications. MolNutrFood Res. 2005 de laLastraCA, andanti- asananti-inflammatory Villegas I.Resveratrol gone? come? And Soleas GJ, DiamandisEP, GoldbergDM. Resveratrol: amoleculewhosetimehas Jun;29(3):187-200 [PMID: 17397914] Tang BL, ChuaCESIRT1 andneuronaldiseases. Mol Aspects Med. 2008 Sci.Y Acad2007Oct;1114:407-18. [PMID: 17804521] Stefani M, etal. onacellmodelofhumanaging.The effectofresveratrol AnnN calorie diet.. Nature 2006Nov;16;444(7117):337-42. [PMID: 17086191] Baur JA, etal. ofmiceonahigh- improveshealthandsurvival Resveratrol [PMID:15736313] activityofB16melanoma.metastatic Neoplasia. 2005Jan;7(1):37-47. Ferrer P, betweenpterostilbeneandquercetininhibits etal.Association 16710860] polyphenols.properties ofdietary MedResRev. 2006Nov;26(6):747-66[PMID: Fresco P, BorgesF, DinizC, MarquesMP. Newinsightsontheanticancer 15133252] liver subcellularpreparations. BiolPharmBull. 2004May;27(5):714-7. [PMID: culturedhepatocytes ofacetaminopheninrat and glucurono-conjugation Morimitsu Y, SugiharaN, FurunoK. onsulfo-and effectofflavonoids Inhibitory 92 [PMID: 16868069] absorption andmetabolicstability. DrugMetabDispos. 2006Oct;34(10):1786- Wen X, Walle T. improvedintestinal greatly have flavonoids Methylated humans. DrugMetabDispos. 2004Dec;32(12):1377-82. [PMID:15333514] Walle T, in oforalresveratrol etal. bioavailability low Highabsorptionbutvery Nutr Food Res. 2005May;49(5):472-81. [PMID:15779070] Wenzel E, Somoza V. oftrans-resveratrol. Metabolismandbioavailability Mol Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Clin Biochem. 1997Mar;30(2):91-113[PMID:9127691]

Rev. (RV) DRS-174

03/05/13 S-Acetyl Glutathione Antioxidant Activity Supports Natural Antioxidant Activity* Clinical Applications

»» Provides Intracellular Antioxidant Support* »» Supports Healthy Cell Function and Healthy Aging* »» Supports Detoxification*

»» Supports a Healthy Immune Response* Detoxification »» Supports Amino Acid Transport Across Cell Membranes* »» Enhances Antioxidant Activity of Vitamins C and E*

S-Acetyl Glutathione is a patent-pending, acetylated form of glutathione. This form is well-absorbed and more stable throughout the digestive tract than other forms on the market. Use of stomach acid- resistant capsules (DRcaps™) further protect stability. Laboratory data

showed that S-acetyl glutathione increased intracellular glutathione and Neurologic & Cognitive had a positive effect on many oxidative stress biomarkers.*

Available in 60 & 120 Acid-Resistant Vegetable Capsules

Discussion Reduced glutathione, commonly known as glutathione or GSH, is antioxidant activity. This may result in a fierce cycle of oxidative stress a tripeptide consisting of L-glutamine, L-cysteine, and glycine. It and challenges to detoxification. Complete biotransformation and is ubiquitous in living systems. Glutathione biosynthesis can be protection from oxidative stress are important to maintaining cellular affected by biochemical individuality and/or dietary factors. Chronic integrity and tissue health.*[2,5] oxidative stress can also deplete cellular glutathione. Precursors to glutathione, such as whey protein, vitamin C, and glutamine, are often Other Benefits of Maintaining Healthy Glutathione Levels Much recommended to boost glutathione levels in the body; however, results information related to mitochondrial health has surfaced in the are inconsistent. Biological individuality is such that not every body literature. Mitochondria, the energy-producing powerhouses of cells, has equivalent ability to metabolize the precursor to raise glutathione.* are also the primary intracellular site of oxygen consumption and the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). S-acetylglutathione Why Not Give Pure Glutathione? Unfortunately, most oral forms of has been shown to cross the membrane of the mitochondria, glutathione are foul smelling, but more importantly, the majority of an increasing the organelle’s activity and minimizing ROS.[8,9] Reduction oral dose is oxidized before it can be absorbed and used by the cells. of ROS is associated with maintaining mitochondrial integrity and This formulation delivers a unique preparation of glutathione that function, and improved mitochondrial health is believed to support overcomes these usual limitations. The stability of S-acetylglutathione overall health and energy.* through the intestinal wall and the plasma is well documented in the literature. Oral intake of S-acetylglutathione increases total glutathione S-acetylglutathione has also been shown to decrease TNF-alpha, NF- and percent-reduced glutathione. Percent-reduced glutathione is a kappa beta, and F-2 isoprostane.[4,9-12] Additionally, there is mounting very significant biomarker of health status.*[1-5] evidence that intracellular glutathione levels in antigen-presenting cells (e.g. macrophages) may influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine response Mechanism of Absorption S-acetylglutathione, a lipid-like pattern and promote a balanced immune reaction.*[10] compound, is taken up intact by chylomicrons in the gut. The acetyl bond is placed on its thiol group or sulfur group, which prevents oxidation and allows the molecule to pass diffusively into the cell after absorption in the gut. The bond is then cleaved by non-specific enzymes inside the cell. Acetylation prevents the breakdown of glutathione, and S-acetylglutathione does not require energy expenditure to be cleaved to reduced glutathione once it crosses the cell wall.*[1-8]

Antioxidant Activity Glutathione functions extensively in tissues and organs throughout the body. It plays critical roles in protecting the body from oxidative stress, maintaining cellular functions, and supporting healthy immune function.[1,4] Many factors can increase cellular exposure to oxidative insult, and therefore increase cellular consumption of nutrients—such as glutathione—that provide EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Detoxification Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orartificial fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating your healthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetotwotimesdaily, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedby S-Acetyl GlutathioneSupplementFacts Serving Size:2Capsules Serving magnesium stearate,andsilica. cellulose,HPMC(acid-resistantvegetablecapsule),stearicacid, Other Ingredients:Microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. S-Acetyl Glutathione

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product isnot intended to diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 200 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. %Daily Value ** • PATENTED 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 12. 11.

2006;13(15):1749-55. [PMID: 16787218] (GSH)molecules.properties ofnewpro-glutathione CurrMedChem. Fraternale A, Paoletti MF, Casabianca A, etal. Antiviral andimmunomodulatory hepatotoxicity. ExpToxicolPathol. 1996Jul;48(5):439-46. [PMID: 8765689] Kretzschmar M. metabolismanditsrolein glutathione ofhepatic Regulation Int. 2004Feb;44(3):153-59. [PMID: 14568558] depletionduringfocalcerebralischemia.mitochondrial glutathione Neurochem Anderson ME, NilssonM, SimsNR. monoethylesterprevents Glutathione Jun;239(2):538-48. [PMID: 4004275] uptake bytissues, andconversiontoglutathione. ArchBiochemBiophys. 1985 Anderson ME, Powrie F, PuriRN, etal. monoethylester: Glutathione preparation, 25;250(4):1422-26. [PMID: 1112810] by nonallostericfeedbackinhibitionglutathione. JBiolChem. 1975Feb Richman PG, Meister A. ofgamma-glutamyl-cysteine Regulation synthetase 214. [PMID: 19166318] andprogressionofhumandiseases.etiology BiolChem. 2009Mar;390(3):191- N,Ballatori KranceSM, NotenboomS, etal. andthe dysregulation Glutathione 2005 Jan;194(1-2):55-59. [PMID: 14624358] animal modelofherpessimplexvirustype1infection. MedMicrobiolImmunol . Vogel J, J, Cinatl DauletbaevN, etal. incelland EffectsofS-acetylglutathione 20335977] levels.cellular glutathione Molecules.2010Mar3;15(3):1242-64. [PMID: I,Cacciatore CornacchiaC, PinnenF, etal. forincreasing Prodrugapproach [PMID: 8672832] issues.pharmacotherapeutic AnnPharmacother. 1995Dec;29(12):1263-73. Lomaestro BM, MaloneM. inhealthanddisease: Glutathione Int JOncol.2002Jan;20(1):69-75. [PMID: 11743644] inhumanlymphomacellsthroughaGSH-independentmechanism apoptosis Locigno R, PincemailJ, Henno A, etal. selectivelyinduces S-Acetyl-glutathione Cancer Lett. 1996Dec;110(1-2):63-70. [PMID: 9018082] incancer therapy. agents asselectiveapoptosis-inducing S-acetylglutathione B,Donnerstag G, Ohlenschlager J, Cinatl etal. and Reducedglutathione xenobiotics. ExpPathol. 1990;38(3):145-64. [PMID: 2192911] Kretzschmar M, Klinger W. system—influencesof glutathione The hepatic Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-260

05/17/13 . Saccharomycin DF™ Gastrointestinal Support DNA-VerifiedSaccharomyces boulardii Clinical Applications

»» Supports Gastrointestinal-based Immunity* »» Supports Integrity and Function of Mucosal Cells* Immune System Support »» Supports Healthy Gut Flora*

Saccharomycin DF™ is a lactose-free, stomach acid–resistant, stable, European patent-pending formula containing DNA-verified Saccharomyces boulardii. This probiotic yeast supports other probiotic organisms in addition to intestinal barrier function and integrity. Research also suggests that Saccharomyces boulardii supports normal immune responses.* Probiotics Available in 20 capsules & 60 capsules Discussion Saccharomycin DF™ is manufactured using a process that involves IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and PPAR-gamma.[6,10,11] controlled temperature and low vacuum, eliminating the shock of Research suggests a role for S boulardii in the production of health- freeze-drying. The drying procedure, which does not modify the water promoting short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate.*[12] Research content of the preparation, slows down aging, cell deterioration, and suggests that butyrate, in turn, plays an important role in maintaining contamination, leading to increased stability and greater resistance to the integrity, function, and normal flora of the intestines.[13] gastric acid. This process does not require or contain dairy products or lactose.* Following a multi-dose study in healthy volunteers, the concentration of S boulardii in feces increased rapidly, reaching a steady state by Saccharomyces boulardii (S boulardii) is a natural, non-pathogenic day three in all subjects. Following completion of administration, the yeast that may help support and maintain the healthy ecology of S boulardii population declined consistently and was cleared from the the small and large intestines. In a 2010 systematic review and bowel within five to seven days, indicating that the probiotic yeast did meta-analysis of 31 randomized placebo-controlled treatment not permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract.[14] Saccharomycin arms in 27 trials comprising 5029 adults, “S boulardii was found DF provides 10 billion colony-forming units of S boulardii in a two- to be significantly efficacious and safe in 84% of those treatment capsule dose.* arms.”[1] A study also suggested that S boulardii can be used safely and effectively in children three months and older.[2] A double- blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of children ages 3-59 months produced statistically significant positive results suggesting that S boulardii may play an important role in supporting normal gastrointestinal function in young children.*[3]

Extensively researched and published in European and American peer-reviewed journals, Saccharomyces boulardii appears to function through several mechanisms of action. With regard to maintaining normal GI function and transit time, research suggests that S boulardii secretes a protease that may assist in directly degrading bacterial toxins and stimulating antibody production against those toxins.[4-6] S boulardii is also believed to support the natural inflammatory response, exert a trophic effect on intestinal mucosa, and positively support the immune system.[3] These actions further support and help maintain the normal health and function of the intestinal brush border.*

This probiotic yeast appears to support normal gastrointestinal flora and integrity[7,8]; promote production of intestinal enzymes and secretory IgA[9]; and support cytokine balance through its effects on

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Probiotics Immune System Support Gastrointestinal Support © XYMOGEN require refrigeration. STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry Doesnot organisms (GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial orpreservatives. shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically-modified DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, soy, products, animalordairy fish, taking antifungalmedication. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. three monthsofage. severeimmunesuppressionorare Donotuseifyouhave Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Notforusebyinfantsunder practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take perday, onetotwocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Saccharomycin DF Europe PatentPending#05425084.0 silica. cellulose,stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,and Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. (10 billionCFU Saccharomyces boulardii † Size:2Capsules Serving Colony-FormingUnits

† ) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 500 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12. 11.

Infect Immun. 2003Feb;71(2):766-73. [PMID: 12540556] in Escherichiacoli-inducedsignalingpathways enterohemorrhagic T84 cells. Dahan S, DalmassoG, Imbert V, etal. Saccharomycesboulardiiinterfereswith Saccharomyces boulardii. DigDisSci.1990Feb;35(2):251-6. [PMID: 2302983] with treated componentofimmunoglobulinsinsmallintestinerats secretory Buts JP, BernasconiP, Vaerman JP, etal. IgAand ofsecretory Stimulation Accessed February 14, 2012. . http://naturalstandard.com/databases/herbssupplements/sboulardii.asp Saccharomyces boulardii. ProfessionalMonograph. StandardDatabase Natural biofilm formation. FEMSYeastRes . 2009Dec;9(8):1312-21. [PMID: 19732158] Saccharomyces boulardiionCandidaalbicansfilamentation, adhesionand Krasowska A, Murzyn A, Dyjankiewicz A, etal. effectof The antagonistic 20889007] Gastroenterol ClinBiol. 2010Sep;34Suppl1:S62-70. Review. French. [PMID: Im E, Pothoulakis C. [RecentadvancesinSaccharomycesboulardiiresearch]. mucosa. InfectImmun. 1999Jan;67(1):302-7. [PMID: 9864230] inhibits theeffectsofClostridiumdifficiletoxins AandBinhumancolonic I,Castagliuolo RieglerMF, Valenick L, etal. Saccharomycesboulardiiprotease Monit. 2006 Apr;12(4):PI19-22. [PMID: 16572062] diarrhea:the preventionofantibiotic-associated aprospectivestudy. MedSci Can M, BeşirbelliogluBA, Avci IY, etal. ProphylacticSaccharomycesboulardiiin Pediatr. 2011Oct14. [PMID: 21997865] Acute ChildhoodDiarrhea: A DoubleBlindRandomisedControlled Trial. IndianJ Riaz M, Alam S, Malik A, etal. Efficacy andSafetyofSaccharomycesboulardiiin Eur JPediatr. 2009Mar;168(3):253-65. Review. [PMID: 19096876] Vandenplas Y, BrunserO, SzajewskaH. Saccharomycesboulardiiinchildhood. [PMID: 20458757] boulardii inadultpatients. World. JGastroenterol 2010May14;16(18):2202-22. McFarland LV. reviewandmeta-analysisofSaccharomyces Systematic [PMID: 2758101] boulardii inmanandrat. BiopharmDrugDispos . 1989Jul-Aug;10(4):353-64. Blehaut H, MassotJ, ElmerGW, etal. DispositionkineticsofSaccharomyces 2010 Jul;16(7):1138-48. [PMID: 20024905] metabolically stressedepitheliaisreducedbybutyrate. Dis. InflammBowel Lewis K, LutgendorffF, Phan V, etal. ofbacteriaacross Enhancedtranslocation 16273644] enteral nutrition. World JGastroenterol. 2005Oct21;11(39):6165-9. [PMID: onlong-termtotal acidsandmicroflorainpatients on fecalshort-chainfatty Schneider SM, Girard-Pipau F, Filippi J, et al. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii Review. [PMID: 19706150] Saccharomyces boulardii.Pharmacol Ther . Aliment 2009Oct15;30(8):826-33. Pothoulakis C. Reviewarticle: mechanismsofaction anti-inflammatory Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-109

06/10/13 Joint & Muscle Support Cytokine Balance Support , a [10,11] ® provides ™ Exclusive Professional Formulas Exclusive Professional ® 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com XYMOGEN [12,13] is formulated to support the body’s normal response is formulated the body’s to support ™ contains a blend of blueberries, strawberries, strawberries, (40 mg) contains a blend of blueberries, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study double-blind, A randomized, ™ [8] MMP represents a class of enzymes that selectively hydrolyze MMP represents a class [9] to inflammation and provide relief for joint discomfort. 5-LOXIN to inflammation provide relief for joint discomfort. and Supports Healthy Cytokine Balance and the Body’s Normal Balance and the Body’s Supports Healthy Cytokine Response to Inflammation* Relief for Joint Discomfort* Contains 40 mg Proprietary Bioflavonoid Berry Blend* Supports Antioxidant Mechanisms* Saloxicin patented Boswellia extract yielding concentrated 3-O-acetyl-11-keto- the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. is found to inhibit ß-boswellic acid (AKBA), Salicin from white willow bark is a naturalinhibitor of both the COX-2 Bioflavonoid-rich BerryVin and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes. additional support for cytokine balance and antioxidant activity.* additional support for cytokine » » » » distance. escobillo, and cranberries, along with grape and pomegranate cranberries, and escobillo, This bioflavonoid-rich berry powder provides polyphenols, extracts. and an antioxidant capacity of 4000 ellagic acid, anthocyanins, It may also provide substantial TE/g to fight free radicals. Bioflavonoids are thought to antioxidant support for soft tissues. and lipoxygenases, act synergistically to inhibit cyclooxygenases, normal response to ultimately supporting the body’s phospholipases, inflammation.* BerryVin Clinical Applications Clinical » » » » peptide bonds and degrade structural proteins; they play a crucial role peptide bonds and degrade structural proteins; 5•Loxin shows significant inhibition in the degradation of joint tissues. prevent the formation It helps of human against MMPs. several which further facilitates the recombinant TNF-α inducible MMPs, regulation.* maintenance of healthy cartilage and cell-cycle specifically designed with 5•Loxin resulted in statisticallyspecifically designed with 5•Loxin resulted significant as well as a “pain scores and physical function” improvements in significant reduction in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in synovial fluid.

[7] provides a ™ [4] Willow bark is [1-3] ™ Willow bark contains glycosides, Willow bark contains glycosides, [1] Pharmacokinetic evaluations reveal [5] Available in 28 capsules & 120 capsules Available , a standardized Boswellia serrata extract enriched to , ®

[6]

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, is not intended to diagnose, treat, This product *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. salicylates, flavonoids, tannins, aromatic compounds, and acids. and acids. aromatic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, salicylates, A 2007 systemic review of the literature discussing the effect of found in white willow bark) on the salicin (one of the salicylates inflammation normal response to found moderate evidence body’s effect when daily doses to support a short-term cytokine-balancing Saloxicin were standardized to 120-240 mg salicin. currently approvedEuropean by the German Commission E and the Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) for these purposes. Willow bark is also recognized in the United States for its effectiveness in the relief of joint discomfort. 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-ß-boswellic acid (AKBA), is ten times 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-ß-boswellic acid (AKBA), more concentrated Boswellia than ordinary serrata is B serrata. an ayurvedic herb whose principle constituents—boswellic acid and alpha-boswellic acid—may help maintain healthy leukotriene metabolism by reducing the activity of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing double-blind, A randomized, and tolerability of Boswellia extract produced safety, the efficacy, in knee clinically relevant decreases statistically significant and and increases in walking increases in knee flexion, discomfort, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzes the synthesis of proinflammatory5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) leukotrienes.* 5•Loxin Various randomized, placebo-controlled studies suggest that willow randomized, Various bark produces positive effects on joint discomfort that are sometimes the usual dose of acid); similar to those of aspirin (acetylsalicylic salicin is 240 mg per day. Willow bark has been used for White Willow Bark (Salix alba) normal response to thousands of years to support the body’s inflammation and to help relieve discomfort. Discussion

Saloxicin serrata) (Salix alba/Boswellia standardized 120 mg dose of salicin per serving.* that salicylic acid is the major metabolite of salicin, though other acid is the major metabolite of salicin, that salicylic components of willow bark are believed to have analgesic effects as well.* Cytokine Balance Support Joint & Muscle Support © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantorlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinners practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take twicedaily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Saloxicin LLC andisusedunderlicense.InternationalPatentsPending. isaregisteredtrademarkofPLThomas-LailaNutra, Serving Size:2Capsules Serving 5-LOXIN stearate, calciumsilicate,andsilica. Other Ingredients:Riceflour, cellulose,stearicacid,magnesium HPMC(capsule),microcrystalline ** DailyValue notestablished. Boswellic acid[AKBA])(5-LOXIN Boswellia serrataextract(gumresin)(30%3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-ß- Salicin (fromwhitewillowextract(Salixalba)(bark)) (>5,000 ppmellagicacid)(BerryVin (>4,000 TE/g)(>25%totalpolyphenols)(>10%anthocyanins) cranberries, grapeextract,pomegranateextract)(wholefruit) Blend(strawberries,escobillo,blueberries, High ORACBerry BerryVin International PatentsPending. ® ™ isatrademarkofCyvexNutrition,Inc. isaregisteredtrademarkofPLThomas-LailaNutra,LLCandusedunderlicense. ™ SupplementFacts

® ) ™ ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 120 mg 40 mg 50 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 13. 12.

Antioxid RedoxSignal. 2006Mar-Apr;8(3-4):653-60. [PMID: 16677108] Boswellia. microvascular endothelialcellsissensitivetoantiinflammatory inflammation: metalloproteinase-3expressioninhuman induciblematrix S,Roy KhannaS, Krishnaraju AV, etal. ofvascularresponsesto Regulation Laila ImpexResearchCentre. 5-LOXIN osteoarthritis oftheknee.Res Ther. Arthritis 2008;10(4):R85. [PMID: 18667054] oftheefficacycontrolled study of andsafetyof5-Loxinfortreatment Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, etal. A doubleblind, randomized, placebo 12622457] blind placebocontrolledtrial. Phytomedicine. 2003Jan;10(1):3-7. [PMID: ofosteoarthritisknee—arandomizeddouble extractintreatment serrata N,Kimmatkar Thawani V, HingoraniL, etal. Efficacy andtolerabilityofBoswellia PMNL.in stimulated PlantaMed. 2000Mar;66(2):110-3. [PMID: 10763581] extracton5-Lipoxygenaseproductformation effectsofBoswellia and inhibitory Safayhi H, BodenSE, SchweizerS, etal. potentiating Concentration-dependent Aug;57(5):387-91. [PMID: 11599656] barkextract.of astandardisedwillow EurJClinPharmacol. 2001 Schmid B, Kötter I, HeideL. Pharmacokineticsofsalicinafteroraladministration Surg NeurolInt. 2010Dec13;1:80. [PMID: 21206541] Maroon JC, BostJW, Maroon agents forpainrelief. A. anti-inflammatory Natural a Cochranereview. Spine. 2007Jan1;32(1):82-92. [PMID: 17202897] JJ,Gagnier van Tulder MW, BermanB, etal. backpain: Herbalmedicineforlow Pharmacol Ther. 2003Jul;74(1):96;authorreply96-7. [PMID: 12844141] Fiebich BL, K.Appel barkextract. effectsofwillow Clin Anti-inflammatory http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ebl/vol2003/iss1/8.2,2012. AccessedAugust Singh AP. analgesic. Salicin-Anatural EthnobotanicalLeaflets. 2003;1:1-4. #undefined. 2,2012. willowbark.asp AccessedAugust Standard; 2012. http://naturalstandard.com/databases/herbssupplements/ StandardDatabase.Natural Bark(SalixSpp.). Willow Somerville, MA: Natural 15539763] cellular actionmechanisms. JPharmacolSci. 2004Nov;96(3):229-45. [PMID: Kim HP, SonKH, ChangHW, etal. and plantflavonoids Anti-inflammatory potency. BiochemPharmacol. 1983 1;32(7):1141-8.Apr [PMID: 6342623] B.Havsteen Flavonoids, aclass productsofhighpharmacological ofnatural com/540/97/5-loxin-. Accessed August 8, 2012. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

® overview. PLT. http://www.plthomas. Rev. (RV) DRS-116

10/22/12 SAMe & TMG Antioxidant Activity Methyl Donors Clinical Applications »» Supports Biochemical Reactions Requiring Methyl Groups* »» Supports Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Healthy Mood* »» Facilitates Conversion of Homocysteine to Glutathione* »» Supports Liver Health and Function* »» Promotes Joint Comfort* Detoxification

SAMe & TMG is a sweet, yet slightly tart lemon-flavored powder. SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) and TMG (trimethylglycine) are naturally occurring substances that act as methyl donors during vital biochemical processes in the body. Methylation is essential to normal cell health and function. It can decline with age or chronic alcohol consumption, and it can be limited in some individuals due to their genetic makeup. SAMe donates methyl groups and supports glutathione production, liver health, joint comfort, and a healthy mood. TMG supports metabolism of homocysteine, formation of SAMe, cardiovascular and neurological health, and normal cell-

life regulation. XYMOGEN’s SAMe & TMG formulation contains a minimum Joint & Muscle Support of 70% of the SS isomer of SAMe, the active form the body can use most readily. This concentration makes SAMe & TMG cost effective as most SAMe formulations on the market contain less than 44% active SS isomer. Nitrogen-purged foil sachets maximize stability.* Available in 30 sachets Discussion

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring substance formed in the body showed greater support of a healthy mood when compared to placebo with an effect from the amino acid methionine and the “energy molecule” adenosine triphosphate comparable to that of other treatments.[14] A 30-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled, (ATP). Formation of SAMe is catalyzed by methionine adenosyltransferase and depends randomized study of 80 women suggested that there was a significant improvement on cofactors including vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and magnesium. SAMe has been in mood after the women received an oral dose of 1600 mg/d of SAMe compared to studied as a supportive nutrient in liver health, joint comfort, metabolic reactions, and placebo.[15] Another study of 143 subjects who received an oral dose of 1600 mg/d healthy mood.*[1-4] of SAMe suggested that SAMe yielded positive results that were comparable to other

treatments for supporting a healthy mood, but SAMe was better tolerated.[16] In a small Liver Support Methylation SAMe is the “universal” methyl donor for biochemical reactions (N=26), four-week, double-blind, randomized protocol comparing oral SAMe with other throughout the body.[5] This methyl transfer, or “transmethylation,” is critical to reactions treatments, 62% of the SAMe group showed significant improvement in mood. The involving proteins, phospholipids, DNA, RNA, creatine, hormones, development of study revealed a significant correlation between plasma SAMe levels and the degree of cell membranes, degradation of histamine, and formation of norepinephrine and healthy mood support, regardless of treatment type.*[17] dopamine. [1,6] Eighty-five percent of transmethylation takes place in the liver, and healthy SAMe levels appear to be essential to liver health and function.*[2,7] TMG Trimethylglycine is a naturally occurring compound (glycine attached to three methyl groups) that is found in food (estimated intake 0.5-2 g/d) and can be produced Antioxidant and Liver Support SAMe is considered to be “critical” for synthesis in the body from the precursor choline.[18] TMG is thought to protect liver cells, support

of glutathione, a principal component of antioxidant and detoxification systems in homocysteine metabolism and cardiovascular health, and may also support a healthy Neurologic & Cognitive the body.[1] Following donation of a methyl group, SAMe is converted to S-adenosyl- mood due to its role in SAMe metabolism.[3,9,18,19] When TMG donates a single methyl homocysteine (SAH). This biochemical reaction promotes the transsulfuration pathway in group, it is converted to dimethylglycine (DMG), which is capable of donating two methyl the liver that generates glutathione. Further metabolism of SAH involves trimethylglycine groups. TMG is thought to stimulate activity of the enzyme betaine-homocysteine (TMG), also known as betaine anhydrous. TMG plays an important role in maintaining a methyltransferase (BHMT). BHMT, found in abundance in a healthy liver,[20,21] is used healthy SAMe:SAH ratio in the liver.* by TMG to donate a methyl group to homocysteine. Once TMG adds a methyl group to homocysteine to produce methionine, the methionine can then be converted to SAMe. During a national symposium, the roles of SAMe and TMG in supporting liver A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of healthy volunteers suggested that TMG health were reviewed with a focus on their participation in the vital processes supplementation (at doses of 3 g and 6 g/d) has a dose-dependent effect on serum TMG of transmethylation and transsulfuration, their ultimate contribution to increased levels and a significantly positive effect on maintaining healthy homocysteine levels.[22] glutathione synthesis and its hepatoprotective effects, their promotion of a balanced Together, SAMe and TMG provide an abundant source of methyl groups and ultimately SAMe:SAH ratio, their activation of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, and support a wide variety of biochemical reactions in the body.* [8] the increase in phosphatidylcholine synthesis as a result of their administration. 3000 Ongoing animal studies suggest that SAMe supports liver health[9,10] and that exogenous 2500 XYMOGEN’s SAMe & TMG SAMe may positively affect cell-life regulation of hepatocytes.[7] In certain human 2000 ng /ml 1500 cohorts, researchers recommend further research into combining SAMe with nutrients SAMe without coating 1000 [5] such as vitamin B6 to optimize outcomes.* SAMe 500 SAMe coated 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Healthy Mood Supplemental SAMe appears to support a healthy mood, possibly due Time ( hours) to its active role in methylation and its involvement in the formation of monoamine Preliminary bioavailability data demonstrating the superior absorption 20 minutes after administration of the SAMe ingredient in SAMe with TMG™ compared to competing coated/uncoated SAMe formulations. [3,11-13] neurotransmitters. Meta-analysis of earlier studies suggested that SAMe Printed with permission from Gnosis S.p.A

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Neurologic & Cognitive Liver Support Joint & Muscle Support Detoxification Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. products,dairy fish, shellfish, egg, artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or DOES NOT CONTAIN: Do notuseiftampersealisdamaged. practitioner priortouse. Usespecialcautioninindividualswithbipolardisorder. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating and drinkwithin15minutes. Alternatively, orpreferredliquid;stir contentsmaybeaddedto2-4ozofwater dissolvedinthemouth. processuntilcontentsoftheentiresachethave repeat contentstodissolve.contents ofasachetdirectlyintothemouthandallow Then as directedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. Preferablypourasmallamountofthe frommeals,DIRECTIONS: Consumeonesachettofourtimesdailyaway or SAMe &TMGSupplementFacts European Patent#EP2189154A1 calcium oxide,silica,turmericextract(naturalcolor),andnaturallemonflavor. Other Ingredients:Sorbitol,calciumcarbonate,citricacid,malicstearicchloride, ** DailyValue notestablished. Betaine Anhydrous(trimethylglycine) S-adenosyl-L-methionine Serving Size:1Sachet(2.9grams) Serving

Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalor

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 600 mg 400 mg

® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. References

1987 Nov20;83(5A):95-103. [PMID: 3318448] Baldessarini RJ. ofS-adenosyl-L-methionine. Neuropharmacology AmJMed. [PMID: 15735087] hepatocytes. inrat metabolism andsteatosis JNutr. 2005Mar;135(3):519-24. of betaineandS-adenosylmethionineonethanol-inducedchangesinmethionine Kharbanda KK, RogersDD2nd, MailliardME, etal. A comparisonoftheeffects Dis. 2009May;29(2):155-65. [PMID: 19387915] Kharbanda KK. Alcoholic liverdiseaseandmethioninemetabolism. SeminLiver symposium. AmJClinNutr. 2007Jul;86(1):14-24. [PMID: 17616758] folate, ofalcoholicliverdisease: andbetaineinthetreatment ofa summary Purohit V, Abdelmalek MF, S, Barve etal. RoleofS-adenosylmethionine, Hepatology. 2007May;45(5):1306-12. [PMID: 17464973] JM,Mato LuSC. RoleofS-adenosyl-L-methionineinliverhealthandinjury. [PMID: 10762064] Lu SC. S-Adenosylmethionine. IntJBiochemCellBiol.2000Apr;32(4):391-5. liver disease. AdvNutr. 2011Sep;2(5):421-7. [PMID: 22332083] Halsted CH, Medici V. Vitamin-dependent methioninemetabolismandalcoholic =dosing.health/same/NS_patient-same/DSECTION Accessed October22, 2012. Mayo Clinic. SAMe. September1, Updated 2012. http://www.mayoclinic.com/ 22762295] major depressivedisorder.. CanJPsychiatry 2012Jul;57(7):406-13. [PMID: Papakostas GI, CassielloCF, IovienoN. Folates ands-adenosylmethioninefor 1989 Sep;38(3):389-416. [PMID: 2680435] toitsphysiologicalroleincellmetabolism.affective disordersinrelation Drugs. and potentialinliverdysfunction pharmacological propertiesandtherapeutic Friedel HA, GoaKL, Benfield P. S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Areviewofits herbssupplements/same.asp?#undefined. StandardDatabase.Natural SAMe. http://naturalstandard.com/databases/ Nutr. 2007 Apr;137(4):1124. [PMID: 16365055] inhealthyhumans.concentrations JNutr. 2006Jan;136(1):34-8. in: Erratum J acute anddose-dependenteffectonserumbetaineplasmahomocysteine Schwab U, Törrönen A, MeririnneE, etal. Orallyadministeredbetaine hasan Feb;44(2):385-92. [PMID: 22138536] carcinoma.(BHMT) geneinhepatocellular IntJBiochemCellBiol.2012 to completelossoffunctionbetaine-homocysteine methyltransferase Pellanda H, NamourF, Fofou-Caillierez M, etal. A splicingvariantleads 1991 Dec31;204(1-3):239-49. [PMID: 1819467] human skinfibroblastsandperipheralbloodlymphocytes. ClinChimActa. methyltransferase—a newassayfortheliverenzymeanditsabsencefrom Wang JA, DudmanNP, Lynch J, etal. Betaine:homocysteine Nov;41(5):1879-85. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1616. [PMID: 22940742] suppression oftheNF-ϰBand Akt signalingpathways. IntJOncol. 2012 Yi EY, Kim YJ. Betaine inhibitsinvitroandvivoangiogenesisthrough Feb;6(1):15-22. [PMID: 15720203] andconsequencesforhealth.concentrations CurrDrugMetab.2005 Olthof MR, Verhoef P. Effectsofbetaineintakeonplasmahomocysteine 1994;154:15-8. [PMID: 7941961] major depression: changeswithdrugtreatment. ActaNeurolScandSuppl. Bell KM, Potkin SG, CarreonD, etal. S-adenosylmethioninebloodlevelsin studies. AmJClinNutr. 2002Nov;76(5):1172S-6S. [PMID: 12418499] ofmajordepression:treatment comparisonwithimipraminein2multicenter (SAMe)inthe intramuscular S-adenosyl-L-methionine1,4-butanedisulfonate Delle ChiaieR, Pancheri P, P. Scapicchio Efficacy andtolerabilityoforal Psychosom. 1993;59(1):34-40. [PMID: 8441793] of S-adenosyl-L-methionineindepressedpostmenopausalwomen. Psychother P,Salmaggi BressaGM, NicchiaG, etal. Double-blind, placebo-controlledstudy 7941964] of clinical studies. ActaNeurolScandSuppl. 1994;154:7-14. [PMID: Bressa GM. S-adenosyl-l-methionine(SAMe)asantidepressant: meta-analysis [PMID: 18950248] anddepression.between folate AlternMedRev. 2008Sep;13(3):216-26. Miller AL. The methylation, neurotransmitter, andantioxidantconnections 19;7:13. [PMID: 18710579] depressive symptoms: review. asystematic .2008 Aug AnnGenPsychiatry Morgan AJ, Jorm AF. fordepressivedisordersand Self-helpinterventions Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Accessed October21, 2012. Rev. (RV) DRS-239

10/30/12 ™ SedaLin Relaxation & Sleep Sleep Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Calmness* »» Supports Normal, Uninterrupted Sleep*

SedaLin™ is an all-natural herbal blend of Magnolia officinalis and Ziziphus spinosa formulated to support restful sleep. To achieve maximum effectiveness, this non-addictive formula should be taken for a minimum of seven nights in a row and may be taken indefinitely.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Human Studies A Home Use Test (HUT) performed in 2005 among a which may help the body cope with the neurologic effects emotions target group of 61 men and women using SedaLin™ for two weeks can have on behavior and well-being.[4,6] Honokiol, administered by yielded very positive results.[1] Seventy-four percent of respondents intraperitoneal injection in mice, was shown to promote NREM (non- used the product according to the directions: Take seven or more rapid eye movement) sleep by modulating the benzodiazepine site capsules during the two-week test period. Of these respondents, of the GABA (A) receptor.[5] And, in an experimental animal model of chronic mild stress, a mixture of honokiol and magnolol supported » 83% said SedaLin helped them relax* normal levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its metabolite » 91% said SedaLin helped reduce fatigue due to lack of sleep* 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in various brain regions. The » 91% said SedaLin helped ensure a good night’s sleep* combination also promoted healthy corticosterone levels and platelet » 82% said SedaLin is an essential item to have on hand* adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Researchers suggest that these findings provide a basis for further study into the influence of magnolol and An open-label, single-center, observational survey that included 295 honokiol on the serotonergic system, the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary- people (ages 18-87) with sleep difficulties was performed to obtain a adrenal) axis, and the AC-cAMP pathway in relation to mood and subjective evaluation of the tolerability and effectiveness of SedaLin.[2] emotional behavior.*[7] Self-reported sleep difficulties included problems falling asleep, multiple wakings, and next-day tiredness due to a lack of sleep. Ziziphus spinosa A primary use of Z spinosa seeds in Traditional Patients taking at least one 365 mg capsule of SedaLin one hour Chinese Medicine is to support calmness and help individuals with before going to bed every night for at least two weeks experienced the occasional sleeplessness.[8,9] In an experimental animal model, following: saponins and flavonoids extracted from the seeds showed a significant relaxing effect and helped prolong sleeping time.[8] To » 86% considered SedaLin relaxing* investigate potential mechanisms, researchers tested the influence of » 82.8% said SedaLin assisted in a restful sleep* spinosin—a flavonoid derived from ziziphus seeds—on pentobarbital- » 82.8% said SedaLin was effective in reducing fatigue due to induced sleep in mice. They concluded that it potentiated sleep via a lack of sleep* serotonergic mechanism.*[10] » No significant adverse events Koetter et al[3] studied the interactions of magnolia and ziziphus SedaLin (known as SEDITOL®) is a blend of a patented extract extracts with selected central nervous system receptors in a series of Magnolia officinalis bark and a proprietary extract of Ziziphus of assays. Interactions with the adenosine A1 receptor, dopamine spinosa seed. These herbs have been traditionally used in Asia for qì transporter and dopamine D5 receptor (antagonist activity), serotonin stagnation, for mild anxiety and nervousness, and to support normal, receptors (5-HT1B and 5-HT6 antagonist activity), and the GABA uninterrupted sleep.*[3-5] benzodiazepine receptor were demonstrated. It is suggested that these findings provide some insight into the combined activity of these Magnolia officinalis Magnolia bark is rich in a biphenol compound extracts.* called honokiol and its isomer magnolol. In experimental animal studies, these compounds have been shown to enhance the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptors and GABA binding,

10996283] mouse modelsofanxiety. JEthnopharmacol. 2000Oct;72(3):435-41. [PMID: Peng WH, HsiehMT, Lee YS, etal. Anxiolytic effectofseedZiziphusjujubain Ziziphus jujube.. ProdRes Nat 2007 Apr;21(4):310-20. [PMID: 17479419] effects offlavonoids, saponins, andpolysaccharidesextracted fromSemen Jiang JG, HuangXJ, ChenJ, etal. andhypnotic Comparisonofthesedative 18093712] .Neuropsychopharmacol BiolPsychiatry 2008 1;32(3):715-25.Apr [PMID: officinalisinstressedrodents. fromthebarksofMagnolia and magnolol Prog Xu Q, Yi LT, Pan Y, etal. Antidepressant-like effectsofthemixturehonokiol Neurochem Res. 1999Dec;24(12):1593-602. [PMID: 10591411] assay,a filtration low-affinity sites. byallostericallyincreasingtheaffinitiesof forebrain membranesinvitrousing [3H] muscimolbindingsitesthree-foldinrat Squires RF, Ai J, Witt MR, etal. increasethenumberof Honokiolandmagnolol [PMID: 22537192] 2012 27.Apr doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02010.x. [Epubaheadofprint] via thebenzodiazepinesiteofGABA(A)receptorinmice. BrJPharmacol . Qu WM, Yue XF, Sun Y, etal. eyemovementsleep Honokiolpromotesnon-rapid 22445602] GABA(A) receptors.. Neuropharmacology 2012Jun;62(8):2507-14. [PMID: andextra-synaptic ofboth synaptic honokiol arepositiveallostericmodulators Alexeev M, GrosenbaughDK, MottDD, etal. and productsmagnolol The natural 2009 Jul30;124(3):421-25. [PMID: 19505549] systemreceptors.extracts withselectedcentralnervous JEthnopharmacol. Koetter U, BarrettM, LacherS, etal. andZiziphus InteractionsofMagnolia Open2008.pdf. Accessed June18, 2012. Pharmaceuticals. http://www.nextpharmaceuticals.com/stage/pdfs/Seditol_ and Ziziphusextractsassistswithsleep: anopen-labelassessment. Next LaValle J, Pelletier M, LaValle L, etal. blendofMagnolia A proprietary Target ResearchGroup; April, 2005. onfile. Study Seditol sleepsupplement. HUT: Final report. #82-05013.TRG Study Nanuet, NY: 18466960] system.. PharmacolBiochemBehav 2008Sep;90(3):399-403. [PMID: Zizhiphi Spinozae, pentobarbital-inducedsleepviatheserotonergic potentiated Wang LE, Bai YJ, ShiXR, etal. Spinosin, fromsemen aC-glycosideflavonoid Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-103

07/01/13 Antioxidant Activity Provide General Antioxidant Support* Provide General in Conjunction with Other Vitamin E Intake Support Selenium and Dietary Sources* BodySupport Protection of Proteins from Radiation Damage* GlutathioneSupport Synthesis of Peroxidase* elemental selenium (in the form of Selen E-400 provides form that can be incorporated into body selenomethionine, the E, a well-documented antioxidant.* proteins), along with vitamin » » » » is established. This takes about six weeks of supplementationThis takes in the is established. erythocytes.* dietary selenium intakes in the US range from 80 to 165 mcg/ Typical The current total daily amount of selenium considered safe for an day. diet is 200 mcg.* “normal” American on a Clinical Applications Clinical » » » »

[8] After absorption [3] ™ [1] The selenomethionine in Selen-E is [2] In nursing mothers supplementing with [7] Available in 60 softgels Available The content in skeletal muscle reflects The content in skeletal muscle [4, 5] [4, Selenomethionine’s half-life is about one-and-a- Selenomethionine’s [11] [6] A 1991 study demonstrated, for the first time, the for the first time, A 1991 study demonstrated, [9] Selenomethionine has been shown to protect amino acids [10]

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. or prevent cure, is not intended to diagnose, treat, This product *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. in the small intestine, any amount not immediately is stored needed in the small intestine, such as the brain. in organs with a high rate of protein synthesis, Selenomethionine is released into plasma albumin from storage tissue when needed. Both selenium and methionine are needed for glutathione In an individual with adequate methionine, peroxidase synthesis. selenomethionine supplementation causes tissue levels of selenium a steady state Thereafter, to increase proportionate to the dosage. Compared to selenite or selenate, selenomethionine has a differential Compared to selenite or selenate, proliferation and other immunological effect on lymphocyte biomarkers. Selenomethionine cannot be synthesized by higher animals. Select higher animals. Selenomethionine cannot be synthesized by strains of yeast and bacteria that are grown in selenium-rich media incorporate it selenium as selenomethionine and synthesize analogously with methionine. The need for selenium is well recognized in human and animal The need for selenium is well recognized in to be the toxic in the 1930’s, was believed, Although it nutrition. many decades of research on the portion of seleniferous plants, and toxicity of selenomethionine (the metabolism, occurrence, natural food form of selenium) ultimately organic led to selenium’s acceptance as a dietary supplement.* Discussion

Selen-E 400 Selen-E Selenium Vitamin E with Natural dietary intake. immunostimulatory in elderly properties of selenium-enriched yeast humans. half times that selenite. of and proteins from radiation damage and, in mice, against UV-induced against UV-induced in mice, and proteins from radiation damage and, skin damage.* Unlike the selenite or selenate forms of selenium, only Unlike the selenite or selenate forms of selenium, selenomethionine is incorporated into body proteins. synthesized by brewer’s yeast.* synthesized by brewer’s selenomethionine (compared to mothers consuming a selenite form of more selenium significantly in the milk.* appeared supplementation), Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place dry CAUTION: Keepoutofreachchildren. artificial colors,sweeteners, orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeldailyorasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. Selen-E 400 Serving Size:1Softgel Serving Other Ingredients:Gelatin,glycerin,beeswax,andlecithin. ** DailyValue notestablished Selenium (asselenomethionine) Vitamin E(asd-AlphaTocopherol) ™ SupplementFacts

Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, products, animalordairy *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 50 mcg 400 IU ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 1333% 71% 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 12.

1992;17:123-137 irradiation. andskincancerinducedbyultraviolet pigmentation Nutr. Cancer Burke KE, etal. The effectsoftopicalandoralL-selenomethionineon subjects withselenium-enrichedyeast. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1991;53:1323-1328 Peretz A, etal. Lymphocyte ofelderly responseisenhancedbysupplementation 1995;51:43-54 and responsesbyculturedhumanlymphocytes. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. Borella P, etal. affectsmetaluptake Chemicalformofseleniumgreatly of seleniumconsumed. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1993;58:649-652 McGuire MK, etal. womenisaffectedbytheform oflactating Seleniumstatus 1989;257:R556-R567 C, ZechLA. Humanselenitemetabolism. A kineticmodel. Am.J.Physiol. Patterson B, LevanderO, HelzsouerK, McAdamP, LewisS, Taylor P, Veillon adults. Biol.Trace Elem.Res.1988;15:23-45[Medline] Oster O, SchmiedelG, Prellwitz W. The organdistributionofseleniuminGerman Elem. Res. 1992;35:119-127[Medline] exposedto75-Seselenomethionineandsodiumselenite.of rats Biol.Trace Grønbaek H, Thorlacius-Ussing O. system Seleniuminthecentralnervous 1994;7:305-312[Medline] brush bordermembranevesicles smallintestine. fromrat isolated Biometals Vendeland SC, etal. Uptakeofselenite, by selenomethionineandselenate 1998;1:201-206 selenium foruseininfantformulasandnutritionalsupplements. J.Med.Foods Schrauzer GN. Selenomethionineandseleniumyeast: formsof appropriate 1998;39:207-214[Medline] Melilotus indicaL. inselenium-ladensoils. grown Ecotoxicol.Environ.Safety Guo X, Wu L. Distribution offreeseleno-aminoacidsinplanttissue content/full/130/7/1653 metabolism andtoxicity. JN2000;130:1665-1656http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/ Schrauzer GN. Selenomethionine: areviewofitsnutritionalsignificance, acids andproteins. Science(Washington DC)1964;143:369-371 Shimazu F, Tappel AL. toamino damage Selenoaminoacidsdecreaseradiation Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-211

02/10/12 ™

SerenX Adrenal Support Chinese Herbal Stress Remedy* Clinical Applications

»» Promote Sense of Inner Calm* »» Support Physical Reserves in Acute Stress* Neurologic & Cognitive

SerenX™ is a 5:1 concentration of a traditional Chinese botanical formula used successfully for over 700 years. It is designed to be used under supervision within a stress management protocol. The high quality herbs contained have been scientifically and clinically documented. The synergism among many of these herbs is vital to its efficacy.* Relaxation & Sleep

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Rehmannia Root (Rehmannia glutinosa) & Scrophularia Root herb, often combined with others is used to address insomnia, (Scrophularia ningpoensis) are two closely related herbs with such restlessness, irritability, hypertension, palpitations, thirst, dry mouth, similar therapeutic uses that they are often used in formulas together. fatigue and inhibits pathogens.*[8] Rehmannia is especially useful for treating hormonal disorders such as adrenal insufficiency, thyroid imbalance and menopause. Panax Ginseng (white) is used as a general tonic to strengthen Chinese herbalists use it to restore vital force, to help the body adapt the body and restore vitality. It is used in the presence of stress- and endure physical and environmental stress and to reduce blood related symptoms such as: loss of appetite, nausea, listlessness, pressure.[1] Rehmannia preserves adrenal gland function and adrenal forgetfulness, dizziness, headache, insomnia. Ginseng stimulates the weight and supports adrenaldependent blood sugar metabolism.[2,3] pituitary to secrete ACTH that in turn stimulates the adrenal activity. Scrophularia supplements kidney chi (adrenal chi).*[4] Ginseng also appears to enhance the immune system.*[9,10]

Schisandra Fruit (Schisandre chinesis) is used as an adaptogen for Chinese Salvia Root (Salvia miltiorrhiza) also known as Chinese increasing energy and resistance to stress and disease. It normalizes sage or red sage root is used to support the liver and as a heart blood pressure and blood glucose levels and stimulates the tonic that improves circulation. It may have antioxidant and anti- immune system. In TCM specifically, Schisandra is used for physical inflammatory properties.[11] Stress can cause bone loss. Tanshinone exhaustion, depression, irritability and memory loss. Its lignan content IIA, a substance in Salvia miltiorrhiza “has the potential to ameliorate may be antidepressant, anti-fatigue and tranquilizing.*[5] boneresorption diseases in vivo by reducing both the number and activity of osteoclasts”.*[12] Jujube (Zizyphus spinosa) is used in Chinese medicine for lack of appetite, fatigue, hysteria, hypertension and as a sedative. Jujube has Poria Fungus (Poria wol fiporia), a mushroom, is an attractive also been used against stress ulcers.*[6] ingredient for a stress formula because it is known to reduce anxiety, restlessness, fatigue, tension, nervousness and insomnia.*[13] Biota Seed, also called arborvitae seed contains aromatic compounds that have a sedative effect. It is used for heart palpitations, insomnia, Platycodon Root (Platycodon grandiflorum), is an ancient Chinese debility and constipation.* herb associated with reduced sensitivity for allergic reactions and reduced capillary permeability. It is used to treat diarrhea and edema, Don Quai Root (Angelica sinesis) is used in TCM to strengthen the has analgesic and sedative effects and is beneficial for the treatment heart, spleen, liver and kidneys. Dong quai has a mild sedative effect of stomach and duodenal ulcers.*[14] that can relieve stress and calm nerves.* Acorus Rhizome (Acorus gramineus), or Japanese Sweet Flag has Chinese Asparagus Root (Asparagus cochinchinensis) is considered been used in Asia for more than 2000 years to lessen swelling and very cold in TCM. It is used to moisten dryness, nourish yin and treat constipation. One of its components has a neuroprotective effect.*[15] constipation.*[7]

Ophiopogon Root (Ophiopogon japonicus) is known as Mai Men Dong in TCM. Its main function is as a tonic for yin deficiency. This

%Daily Value **

12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 15. 14. 13.

1;67(9):1647-56. [PMID: 15081864] fromSalviamiltiorrhizaBunge.isolated BiochemPharmacol. 2004May Inhibition ofosteoclast andboneresorptionbytanshinoneIIA differentiation Kim HH, KimJH, KwakHB, HuangH, HanSH, HaH, LeeSW, Woo ER, LeeZH 2003 Nov;126(5):1404-10. [PMID: 14666012] withcongenitalheartdisease.bypass inpatients JThoracCardiovascSurg. decreases plasmaendothelin-1andthromboxaneB2aftercardiopulmonary Xia Z, GuJ, Ansley DM, XiaF, Yu withSalviamiltiorrhiza J.Antioxidanttherapy Panax Ginseng. www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed09 August 2006} of Industry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress, 2004, p.835-840 Chen J., Chen, T. RenShen. andPharmacology. ChineseMedicalHerbology City City ofIndustry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress, 2004, p.943-945 Chen J.,Chen, T. Tian MenDong. andPharmacology. ChineseMedicalHerbology City ofIndustry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress, 2004, p.946 Chen J.,Chen, T. Tian MenDong. andPharmacology. ChineseMedicalHerbology City ofIndustry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress, 2004, p.762 Chen J.,Chen, T. SuanZoaRen. andPharmacology. ChineseMedicalHerbology Drugs andCosmetics. 2ndEd. New York, NY: John Wiley &Sons, 1996 Leung Ay, Foster S. Encyclopedia IngredientsUsedinFoods, ofCommonNatural July 04) Subhuti D. Rehmannia.URLwww.itmonline.org/arts/rehmann.htm (Accessed28 mechanism. JEthnopharmacol. 2004Jan;90(1):39-43. [PMID: 14698506] andits oligosaccharide inhyperglycemicandalloxaninduceddiabeticrats R, ZhouJ, JiaZ, Zhang Y, GuG. HypoglycemiceffectofRehmanniaglutinosa 1992] [Bone, K, etal. toPrescribeHerbalMedicines. How Australia: MediherbPtyLtd, Collins, J. What’s Your Menopause Type? RosevilleCA: PrimaHealth, 2000 (264-65) Huang, CH: ofChineseHerbs,The Pharmacology 2ndEd., CRCPress: NY1999 12052443] the rhizomesof Acorus gramineus. LifeSci. 2002Jun21;71(5):591-9[PMID: neurons fromexcitotoxicitybyasarone, amajoressentialoilcomponentin Cho J, Kim YH, Kong JY, Yang CH, Park CG. cortical Protectionofculturedrat of Industry, CA: Art ofMedicinePress, 2004, p.696-697 Chen J., Chen, T. JieGeng. andPharmacology. Chinese MedicalHerbology City Poria fungus. www.naturaldatabase.com.{accessed 09 August 2006} Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-104

08/03/12 SYNOVX™ PERFORMANCE Joint and Muscle Support Joint Mobility Support* CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

• Supports Joint Mobility and Comfort* • Supports Healthy Synovial Fluid* • Supports Joint Integrity and Function* Sports Nutrition

SynovX™ Performance is a breakthrough formula designed for active adults who don’t want to slow down or reduce their ability to perform athletic tasks–from walking to extreme sports. It promotes healthy joint fluid and synovial membranes, supports joint mobility, and helps balance Available in 60 vegetable capsules the body’s normal response to inflammation. Keep the fluid in your joints healthy just as you would change the oil in your car to get more mileage. Let SynovX Performance help you stay active and perform well!* DISCUSSION Cytokine Balance Support SynovX™ Performance provides primary support for joint lubrication and comfort in the face of aging, normal wear and tear, and robust physical activity. This unique formula addresses the health of the total joint, including articular cartilage (highly specialized connective tissue), the synovial supports joint tissue at the cellular level[11] and reduces synovial effusion. membrane (a thin layer of tissue that contains synoviocytes), and the synovial [12] Hyal-Joint was found to lower levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human fluid (the fluid that lubricates the joint). Providing early support for the joint’s fibroblasts cells which, in turn, may balance the body’s normal response to cartilage matrix can tip the balance in favor of anabolism (building up) versus inflammation.*[13] catabolism (breaking down). A proprietary blend of ingredients makes SynovX Performance the early “go-to” formula for healthy joint maintenance.* Hesperidin A citrus bioflavonoid that has been studied for its balancing effect on the body’s normal response to inflammation, hesperidin (HES) is often Hyal-Joint® This proprietary complex is rich in high-molecular–weight combined with other therapeutic agents.[14] Research suggests that oral HES hyaluronic acid, along with polysaccharides and collagen. Hyaluronic acid can support joint health; when administered, it significantly improved all (HA), the principal component of Hyal-Joint, is a lubricating substance clinical parameters measured,[15] suppressed clinical scores, and improved produced naturally in the body.[1] It is found in abundance in the synovial fluid histological features in the animal model.[16] Hesperidin administration was and extracellular matrix of joints where it reduces friction between cartilage associated with the suppression of T-lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 surfaces and helps balance the body’s normal response to inflammation. production; downregulation of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha; and amelioration of Hyaluronic acid helps maintain the quality of the synovial fluid and the pathological changes in a targeted rat population.*[17] integrity of the synovial membrane, both key factors in the health of the joint itself. Oral HA is absorbed in the small intestine and has yielded positive Xanthohumol Hops are used traditionally to promote relaxation and healthy results in human, animal, and cell studies.[2,3] Cell studies suggest that high- mood.[18] However, current research suggests that hop extract, particularly molecular–weight HA has a positive effect on the body’s normal response to xanthohumol (XN), helps balance the body’s normal response to inflammation inflammation due to downregulation of IL-8, iNOS, aggrecanase-2, and TNF- and supports joint health.[19-22] Specifically, XN was found to be superior to alpha gene expression.[4] In vitro efficacy studies found Hyal-Joint to be two other hops-derived compounds (including isoxanthohumol) for inhibiting to four times more effective than fermented HA in stimulating the synthesis hyaluronic acid export, inhibiting proteoglycan and collagen loss, and of endogenous HA and improving the concentration and viscous properties of balancing the body’s normal response to inflammation in bovine joint fluid.*[5-7] chondrocytes.[20] XN appears to suppress production of nitric oxide, IL-1β, and TNF-α; induce nuclear translocation of Nrf2; and increase cellular Research on Hyal-Joint has yielded positive outcomes.[8] In humans, a glutathione.[23] Furthermore, XN appears to confer additional support for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial indicated that oral Hyal- balancing the body’s normal response to inflammation by downregulating Joint (80 mg/d) resulted in significant improvements in WOMAC (Western cellular toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein content.[24] SynovX Performance Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis) scores compared to contains a concentrated extract of xanthohumol.* baseline, with a greater magnitude of improvement in physical function and total symptoms when compared to placebo. Hyal-Joint was found to improve several markers of quality of life in the study as well.[2] Oral supplementation with Hyal-Joint resulted in a decrease in synovial effusion and occasional pain when compared to other treatment.[9] Three-month supplementation with Hyal-Joint improved joint mechanics and muscle function (determined through isokinetic testing), promoting increased comfort and joint mobility. [10] Animal studies have yielded promising results suggesting that Hyal-Joint

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cytokine Balance Support Sports Nutrition Joint and Muscle Support STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry sweeteners, orpreservatives. egg, ingredientsderivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, soy, products, dairy fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, Consult yourhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. © XYMOGEN DIRECTIONS: SynovX ** Daily Value notestablished. SynovX Performance Blend Proprietary Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule), riceflour, ascorbylpalmitate, andsilica. Size:1Capsule Serving Hesperidin (fromCitrussinensis)(fruit), Hyal-Joint (hop cones) collagen), andxanthohumol(fromHumuluslupulus) acid,weight hyaluronic otherpolysaccharides, and complexrichinhigh-molecular– natural (proprietary ™ Performance SupplementFacts Take twicedaily, onecapsule orasdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. licensed byBioiberica,S.A. Hyal-Joint ® isaregisteredtrademark

** 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6.

Mediterr JNutrMetab. 2013;6:63-68. mild jointdiscomfort: arandomized, double-blind, study. placebo-controlledintervention 2):S244-S245. doi:10.1016/S1063-4584(10)60572-9. arthritis. developingtypeIIcollagen rat . OsteoarthritisandCartilage 2010Oct;18(Suppl synoviocytes.. OsteoarthritisCartilage 2009;17(Suppl1):S278-S279. [onfile] acid(HA)andfermentedHAonthe synthesisofendogenousHAbyhuman hyaluronic Torrent A, RuhíR, Theodosakis J, etal. efficacy Comparative ofIB0004, extracted Dec;14(12):1237-47. [PMID: 16806998] like synoviocytes withearlyosteoarthritis. frompatients . OsteoarthritisCartilage 2006 cytokinesthe geneexpressionofosteoarthritis-associated andenzymesinfibroblast- Wang CT, Lin YT, ChiangBL, etal. aciddown-regulates Highmolecularweighthyaluronic [PMID: 16866209] tarsocrural effusionintheyearling Thoroughbred.J. EquineVet 2006Jul;38(4):375-8. Bergin BJ, PierceSW, LR, Bramlage etal. gelreducespostoperative Oralhyaluronan Jan 21;7:3. [PMID: 18208600] knee osteoarthritis: apilotrandomizeddouble-blindplacebo-controlledtrial. NutrJ. 2008 onpainreliefandqualityoflifeinsubjectswith acid(Hyal-Joint) high contentofhyaluronic Kalman DS, HeimerM, Valdeon A, etal. extractofchickencombswitha Effectofanatural herbssupplements/hyaluronicacid.asp? Accessed June27, 2013. StandardDatabase.Natural Hyaluronic Acid. http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/ Planta Med. 2010 Oct;76(14):1536-43. [PMID: 20309792] protein-2(MD-2). andinsilicobindingtomyeloiddifferentiation activity relationships cytokine productioninLPS-activatedinhibit inflammatory THP-1monocytes: structure- Peluso MR, MirandaCL, HobbsDJ, etal. flavonoids prenylated Xanthohumolandrelated 2011 Feb;58(2):153-60. [PMID: 21093515] oxygenase-1 inductionviaNRF2-AREsignalinginmicroglialBV2cells. NeurochemInt. Lee IS, LimJ, GalJ, etal. activityofxanthohumolinvolves heme Anti-inflammatory 73. [PMID: 18328448] macrophages.IFN-gamma andLPS-activated IntImmunopharmacol.2008Apr;8(4):567- Cho YC, KimHJ, Kim YJ, byxanthohumolin etal. pathway Differential anti-inflammatory NF-kappaB. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2009;31(3):477-84. [PMID: 19555200] proliferation, cytotoxicity cell-mediated and Th1 cytokine productionthroughsuppressionof Gao X, DeebD, Liu Y, etal. activityofxanthohumol: Immunomodulatory inhibitionof T cell osteoarthritic reactions. MolNutrFood Res. 2011 Mar;55(3):485-94. [PMID: 20848398] Stracke D, Schulz T, PrehmP. exportfromhopsprevent Inhibitorsofhyaluronan arthritis. PlantaMed. 2006Feb;72(3):228-33. [PMID: 16534727] extract ofHumuluslupulusinvitroanditsactivityamousemodelzymosan-induced Hougee S, Faber J, Sanders A, etal. SelectiveinhibitionofCOX-2 byastandardizedCO2 herbssupplements/hops.asp? Accessed June29, 2013. StandardDatabase.Natural Hops. http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/ mechanisms. JPharmPharmacol. 2008Feb;60(2):221-8. [PMID: 18237470] Li R, LiJ, CaiL, etal. andits Suppressionofadjuvantarthritisbyhesperidininrats [PMID: 16557465] hesperidin. ofthecitrusflavonoid oral administration PlantaMed.2006Apr;72(5):477-9. K,Kawaguchi H, Maruyama Kometani T, etal. arthritisby Suppressionofcollagen-induced infiltration. Int. Rheumatol 2013Mar;33(3):657-63. [PMID: 22527139] and through suppressionoffreeradicalloadandreductioninneutrophilactivation Umar S, Kumar A, SajadM, etal. arthritispossibly Hesperidininhibitscollagen-induced herbssupplements/hesperidin.asp. Accessed June29, 2013. StandardDatabase.Natural Hesperidin. http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/ rooster combextract(Hyal-Joint Torrent A, RuhíR, MartínezC, etal. activityandabsorptionofanatural Anti-inflammatory osteochondrosis. Vet CompOrthop Traumatol . 2009;22(6):455-9. [PMID: 19876524] onclinical formulation hyaluronan andbiochemicalparametersinyounghorseswith Carmona JU, Argüelles D, Deulofeu R, etal. ofanoral Effectoftheadministration Castillo V, Bendele AM, LiK, etal. ofHyal-Joint Effectsoforaladministration supplemented with a preparation containing hyaluronic acid(Mobilee containinghyaluronic supplemented withapreparation Martinez-Puig D, MöllerI, Fernández C, etal. Efficacy ofyoghurt oforaladministration journals/1744-1161/PIIS1744116109703941.pdf.13,2013. AccessedAugust study. ClinNutrSuppl. 2009;4(2):171. http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/ ofkneeOAwithsynovitis: acidforthetreatment hyaluronic aretrospectivecohort Möller I, Martinez-PuigD, ChetritC. Oral extractrichin ofanatural Administration Accessed June27, 2013, Bioiberica. Joint. Hyal http://www.hyal-joint.com/Hyal_Joint_for_joint_mobility.html. 2009;17(Suppl 1):S277-S278. acidbyhumansynoviocytes.in vitrosynthesisofhyaluronic . OsteoarthritisCartilage orally-administered hylauronicacidsupplements, IB0004andID386ontheendogenous Torrent A, RuhíR, Theodosakis J., etal. Comparisonoftheefficacy oftwoproductssoldas Accessed June27, 2013. Bioiberica. Hyal-Joint. http://www.hyal-joint.com/Information_on_the_ingredient.html. 2):S246-S247. doi:10.1016/S1063-4584(10)60577-8. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest ® . OsteoarthritisandCartilage 2010Oct;18(Suppl ).

™ ) inadultswith ® Rev. in17day (RV) DRS-275

08/14/13 Joint and Muscle Support SYNOVX™ TENDON & LIGAMENT Tendon and Ligament Support* CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

• Promotes the Body’s Processes of Tendon/Ligament Self-Repair* • Supports Tendon/Ligament Function* • Protects and Promotes Collagen Biosynthesis* • Supports Tendon/Ligament Comfort* Sports Nutrition

SynovX™ Tendon & Ligament is an advanced formula designed to bolster tendon/ligament comfort and recovery. Whether repetitive use or something more acute is your challenge, preliminary research suggests that SynovX Tendon & Ligament can support the stability, health, and proliferation of tendon and ligament cells and thereby promote the Available in 60 vegetable capsules body’s ability for self-repair. Let SynovX Tendon & Ligament help you stay active.* DISCUSSION Cytokine Balance Support It is known that tendons and ligaments have a slower and more limited ability to self-repair than other tissues. However, healthy tendons and ligaments do indeed have an intrinsic capacity for repair, which is controlled by resident fibroblasts and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM).[1] Fibroblasts results demonstrated that SynovX Tendon & Ligament supports tenocyte (e.g., tenocytes) are responsible for producing the ECM and therefore the viability and proliferation and type I collagen synthesis.[1] Furthermore, the proteoglycans (protein/mucopolysaccharide complex) and collagen needed for treated cells appeared healthy; displayed an abundant and well-organized tissue repair. The key is to stimulate this process. In vitro and in vivo research ECM; and exhibited high levels of euchromatin, indicating that the cells suggests SynovX Tendon & Ligament does just that. This proprietary blend of were very active and had a high rate of protein (i.e., collagen) biosynthesis. type I collagen and mucopolysaccharides combined with vitamin C supports [1] In another in vitro test, human tenocytes incubated with SynovX Tendon & the structural and functional needs of tendons and ligaments.* Ligament for 10 days showed a strong stimulatory effect on cell proliferation that exceeded the proliferation seen in cells incubated with (IGF-1) insulin- Type I Collagen and Mucopolysaccharides Adult tendons are comprised like growth factor 1 (positive control).[6] In addition, cells remained viable mainly of type-I collagen molecules that are hierarchically organized into and showed large amounts of endoplasmic reticulum, which is needed for structural units. The molecular structure and organization of tendon and synthesis of ECM.* ligament collagen fibrils are key determinants in the ability of these tissues to endure mechanical force and fuel self-repair.[1] While collagen provides In Vivo A prospective observational study performed by Nadal et al much of tendon/ligament structure and strength, mucopolysaccharides demonstrated the effects of SynovX Tendon & Ligament on the health of are said to provide the “glue” that holds them together and allows them to epicondyles, plantar fascia, Achilles tendons, or supraspinatus tendons. stretch, flex, bend, and maintain their resilience. Mucopolysaccharides—also Patients were selected on the basis of clinical assessment and ultrasound known as glycosaminoglycans or GAGs—are a critical component of ECM results. For three months, all of the patients received 20 to 30 physical and are important in maintaining structural integrity, lubrication, and spacing therapy sessions and the study group received two caps/d of SynovX of collagen fibers. Furthermore, mucopolysaccharides have been shown to Tendon & Ligament.[7] Comfort, quality of life (SF-36), and physiotherapist increase collagen and non-collagenous protein synthesis in cultures of bovine assessments were performed before intervention began and also at 30-, tenocytes and ligament cells.*[2] 60-, and 90-day intervals during intervention. In every assessment, patients given SynovX Tendon & Ligament showed numerical or statistically significant Vitamin C This vitamin helps maintain tendon/ligament structure and improvements after two to three months of supplementation compared to biomechanical properties by stimulating collagen biosynthesis.*[3-5] controls.[7] Researchers concluded that supplementing with SynovX Tendon & Ligament improved comfort level and biomechanical properties without In Vitro IL-1beta (interleukin-1beta) is a cytokine associated with adverse adverse effects.* tendon/ligament changes. The effect of SynovX Tendon & Ligament in the presence of IL-1beta was studied in primary human tenocytes. Tenocyte cultures treated with 250, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of SynovX Tendon & Ligament showed no signs of cytotoxicity or other negative effects on the viability of cells. The major findings were that this formula counteracted the negative effects of IL-1beta by: (1) protecting tenocytes from degenerative morphological changes, cellular degeneration, and apoptosis, (2) reversing the downregulation of collagen type I and beta 1-integrin receptor expression, (3) increasing tenomodulin production, and (4) causing a significant dose- and time-dependent increase in proliferation and viability of tenocytes. These

100% ** 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES

2009 Sept;17(suppl1):S253. plantar fasciitisby Tendoactive Nadal F, Bové T, SanchísD, etal. oftendinitisand Effectivenessoftreatment Barcelona, Spain: Bioiberica, S.A.;2006. [onfile] immunofluorescence, andwesternblotanalysiswithBioibericacompounds. humans: assay, reportonadhesionandproliferation electronmicroscopy, Shakibaei M, CsakiC, Mobasheri A. in oftendinopathy Invitrostudy An Acad BrasCienc. 2013Mar;85(1):327-35. [PMID: 23460436] periodontal ligamentfromaged supplementedwithascorbicacid.Wistar rats Zanoni JN, LucasNM, Trevizan AR, etal. ofthe Histologicalevaluation Surg. 2009Feb;129(2):281-86. [PMID: 18309503] the accelerates Achilles tendon healinginhealthyrats. ArchOrthopTrauma Omeroğlu S, Peker T, Türközkan N, etal. High-dosevitaminCsupplementation evidence. Front Biosci . 2013Jun1;18:1017-29. [PMID: 23747864] Grosso G, BeiR, Mistretta A, etal. EffectsofvitaminConhealth: areviewof Based Complement Med.Alternat 2007Jun;4(2):219-24. [PMID: 17549239] ofglucosamineHClandchondroitinsulfate.exposed toacombination Evid Lippiello L. synthesis intenocytes, Collagen ligamentcellsandchondrocytes of TENDOACTIVE effects Shakibaei M, BuhrmannC, Mobasheri A. andanti-catabolic Anti-inflammatory Sep;26(9):1173-85. [PMID: 21751149] Additional referencesavailable uponrequest ® onhumantenocytes invitro.. HistolHistopathol 2011 ™ . [OARSabstract473].. OsteoarthritisCartilage

Rev. (RV) DRS-277

09/11/13 T-150 Thyroid Support Support for the Thyroid* Clinical Applications

»» Provides Essential Nutrient, Herbal, and Glandular Support for Production of Thyroid Hormones*

T-150 is a comprehensive freeze-dried, BSE-free, bovine, multi- glandular, mineral and herbal formula to support healthy thyroid function.*

Available in 60 Capsules & 120 Capsules Discussion Thyroid Hormone Production The thyroid is a small gland with a Micronutrient, Amino Acid, and Herbal Support Production of sizeable role in the body. Its primary function is the concentration thyroid hormone is fundamentally dependent on the presence of of iodine and the production of crucial thyroid hormones thyroxine L-tyrosine and iodine, while conversion of T4 to T3 is facilitated by (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T4 is converted to T3 by the body. selenium. Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus), dulse, kelp, and Irish Between them, T3 is the more potent, biologically active hormone. moss are natural sources of iodine for support of endogenous thyroid It regulates the metabolic rate within cells and affects fundamental hormone production.*[6] functions throughout the body. Thyroid hormone production depends on the presence of iodine and the amino acid L-tyrosine in adequate The combination of foundational elements with supportive nutrients amounts. T4 contains tyrosine and four iodine molecules, while T3 in XYMOGEN’s T-150 represents a comprehensive approach to thyroid contains tyrosine and three iodine molecules. Production of thyroid support.* hormones can be disrupted by several factors in the environment, including heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, flouride), pesticides, dysbiosis, hormonal fluctuations, antibiotic residues, chemicals, other xenobiotics, or lack of nutrients required for thyroid hormone synthesis.*[1]

The Thyroid Gland’s Manifold Effects The thyroid gland does not work alone; it interacts intimately with the liver, the kidneys, and the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. Communicating via the intricate matrices of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, these key players coordinate the body’s response to stress and its quest for homeostasis.*[1,2]

Thyroid hormone activates over 100 enzymes in the body, exerting a significant effect on growth and metabolic rate. The metabolic rate reflects the body’s transformation of nutrients into energy. Thyroid hormone, and its influence on metabolic rate, plays a fundamental role in appetite, weight maintenance, energy levels and mood, gastrointestinal regularity, tolerance to temperature changes, and healthy hair and nails.*[3,4]

Glandular Support Glandular extracts have a century-old history of supporting healthy thyroid levels. A linear relationship between thyroid extract and serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in children has been observed.*[3,5]

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 150 mg 400 mg 50 mcg 40 mcg 15 mg 15 mg 30 mg 40 mg 50 mg 5 mg 5 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 71% 27% ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Krinsky Dl, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide.2 Fr Pediatr. 1980Jan;37(1):29-34. [PMID: 7469681] withthyroidextract(author’schildhood treated transl)][Article inFrench]. Arch Weill J, DebruxellesP, Fulla Y, etal. hypothyroidism in ofprimary [Management May;129(5):1126-39. [Epub2008Dec4][PMID: 19052559] nonclassical hormone. targetforthyroid-stimulating . JInvestDermatol 2009 Bodó E, Kromminga A, Bíró T, etal. Humanfemalehairfollicles areadirect, thyroid. AlternMedRev. 2004Jun;9(2):157-79. [PMID: 15253676] Gaby AR. hypothyroidismandtheempiricaluseof Sub-laboratory Armour 12377295] factors andstress. JPsychosomRes. 2002Oct;53(4):865-71. [PMID: Tsigos C, ChrousosGP. axis, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal neuroendocrine Harbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine;2010. Baker SM, BennettP, BlandJS, etal. Textbook ofFunctionalMedicine. Gig ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc.;2003. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-252

12/12/12 nd

TestoPlex™ Male Health Optimal Hormone Support* Clinical Applications

» Support Healthy Testosterone Levels* » Support Healthy Libido and Performance* » Support Overall Vitality* » Optimize Physical Strength and Endurance* » Support Sense of Healthy Mental and Physical Well-Being*

TestoPlex™ is a proprietary formula that includes synergistic, antioxidant-rich, bioactive extracts that support vitality and general physical and mental well-being. It features a patented green oat extract and unique mungbean sprout powder. Salivary assays have shown that the combination of ingredients in TestoPlex free up serum-bound testosterone, thereby optimizing availability of this crucially important hormone.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion The effectiveness of TestoPlex’s ability to increase testosterone levels administered for a baseline assessment of symptoms and repeated has been evaluated by laboratory analyses. Chief among this formula’s after one month.[11] Saliva bioavailable testosterone was measured benefi ts over pharmaceutical grade testosterone is that salivary before and after supplementation by the Aeron SBA-T Assay.[12] assays following the use of TestoPlex at the recommended dose Extensive circadian testing was used to confi rm a 24-hour pattern of did not show an increase in estradiol or dihydrotestosterone.[1] This reduced testosterone output before supplementation, followed by an conversion is likely inhibited by the rich content of apigenins which increase in bioavailable testosterone after two weeks of uninterrupted are among the 28 kinds of fl avonoids present in the Green oats (Swiss supplementation with TestoPlex. Measurement of salivary testosterone Oats A111™).[2] Traditionally used for prostate health, nettle may have after further supplementation confi rmed increased levels in those men some association with sex hormone binding globulin and aromatase. who had low levels prior to using the formula. Follow-up ADAM tests [3] Sea buckthorn contains lignans. Lignans block aromatase and 5- scores demonstrated symptomatic improvements.*[13] alpha reductase, sparing testosterone.[4] Oats, nettle and buckthorn are known to contain neurotransmitters that improve mood.*[2]

As men age, testosterone levels decrease by approximately 1-2% annually. Lower levels of this hormone have been associated with a decline in libido, weaker erections and/or a decreased ability to become erect, lack of energy, less strength &/or endurance, loss of height, decreased enjoyment in life, being sad or grumpy, less ability to play sports, falling asleep after dinner or decreased work performance.[5] Five percent of males aged 40-50 years and perhaps as many as 70% of men over 70 years are confronted by these problems known clinically as “hypogonadism” and also referred to as “Andropause”.*[6,7,8]

The majority of testosterone (approximately 60%) is bound to sex hormone binding globulin. Of that considered bioavailable and the best indicator of male androgen status, approximately 38% is weakly bound to albumin and the remaining approximate two percent is known as “free” testosterone.*

Against a background of earlier studies with Swiss Oats A111™ that showed signifi cant increases in free testosterone levels and signifi cant improvement in andropausal symptoms,[9,10] XYMOGEN®, in partnership with Aeron Life Cycles Clinical Laboratory® confi rmed the effi cacy of TestoPlex in a small study. The ADAM screening questionnaire (Androgen Defi ciency in the Aging Male) was

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Male Health © XYMOGEN sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating as directedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onceaday, with8ozofwater fourcapsules uponwaking, or TestoPlex Serving Size:4Capsules Serving Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),stearicacid,andmagnesiumstearate. ** DailyValue notestablished. (fruit) (Urtica dioica)(leaf),andSeaBuckthornHippophaerhamnoides) (sprout), GreenOatExtract,BranFiber, StingingNettleExtract TestoPlex ™ Proprietary BlendofMungbeanPowder(Vignaradiata) Proprietary TM SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN ® ** 2 g FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 1. 1. References 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. “Confi ofXYMOGEN administration measurementfollowing ofsalivary rmation Same as1. hypogonadism. TheAgingMale2006Sep;9(3):165-169 Morley JE, etal. testosteroneasascreeningtestformale Validation ofsalivary Same as5. University CollegeofMedicine(Unpublished) apilotstudy.”dysfunction- 1988. JackJ. Summers, M.D., Ph.D., Northwestern “Swiss Formula A111(Swiss Oats oferectile A111) inthetreatment (Unpublished) M.D. Dept ofSurgery, DivisionofUrology ChangiGeneralHospital, Singapore. by changeintheandropausescoreandtestosteronelevels.”1999. Peter Lim, “Effi cacy ofmalemenopauseasmeasured inthemanagement ofSwissoats Aging Male2002, Sept;5(3):170-6 Vermeulen A, Kaufman, JM. male. ofHypogonadismintheaging Diagnosis 969 older men: it’s toimpotence.JClinEndocrinolMetab. relation 1990;71:963- Korenman SG, MorleyJE, Mooradian AD, etal. hypogonadismin Secondary Aging. JClinEndocrinolMetab. 2001;86:724-731 and freetestosteronelevelsinhealthymen. on BaltimoreLongitudinalStudy Hurman SM, MetterEJ, Tobin, etal. onserumtotal Longitudinaleffectsofaging mice.in aging Metabolism2000Sep;49(9):1239-1242 Morley, JE, etal. Validation ofascreeningquestionnaireforandrogendefi ciency Food Chem. 2006Oct18;54(21):8065-70[PMID: 17032010] times.JAgric rhamnoides L.)berriesofdifferentsubspeciesandharvesting Yang B, etal. ofseabuckthorn(Hippophaë Secoisolariciresinolandmatairesinol 79. [PMID: 17509841] effi cacy profi les. Part II: urticaeradix. Phytomedicine.2007Aug;14(7-8):568- Chrubasik JE, etal. A comprehensivereviewonthestingingnettleeffectand http://www.arcopharma.ch/ENG/Welcome.htm {accessed09.04.08} Laboratory, SanLeadro, CA2007 Formulation.” (A111)andSoy Swiss Oats AeronLifeCyclesClinical Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev. 09/18/12 (RV) DRS-187 ®

™

UritraX Female Health Concentrated Urinary Tract Support* Clinical Applications

»» Helps Maintain a Healthy Environment for the Urinary Tract’s Mucosal Surface*

UritraX™ features D-mannose, a simple sugar that occurs naturally in cranberries and pineapple. Research suggests that D-mannose interferes with lectin adhesion to the bladder wall, thereby supporting a healthy urinary tract.*

Available in 50 servings powder Discussion Amino acid and sugar complexes called lectins may be produced by certain organisms allowing them to adhere to the inside walls of the bladder and urinary tract, where they may continue to thrive.[1]

D-mannose is a simple sugar produced in the body and occurring naturally in certain fruits, especially cranberries and pineapples. The adult dose of UritraX™ is more concentrated in D-mannose than these fruits or juices, and studies suggest that D-mannose is ten times more effective than cranberries.[2]

Nearly all ingested mannose gets excreted through the kidneys and into the urine.[3,4] Research suggests that lectins, present in the urinary tract and bladder, adhere to the D-mannose more readily than they do to the walls of the urinary tract. This action helps support the body’s ability to flush out these unwanted particles through the urine.[5] D-mannose users report that they can feel the effect in 24-48 hours.[6]

UritraX™ is not capable of killing either “friendly” or harmful bacteria. It simply supports the naturally protective “flushing out” mechanism of the urine.[6]

*The statements in this document have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas Products listed are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Female Health © XYMOGEN sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artificialcolors, artificial DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast, soy, animalordairy STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating or asdirectedbyyourhealthcarepractitioner. onetothreetimesdaily,DIRECTIONS: Mixone-halfteaspoonin2-4ozofwater UritraX SupplementFacts Serving Size:One-halfTeaspoonServing (900mg) Other Ingredients: None. ** DailyValue notestablished. D-Mannose *The statements inthisdocument havenotbeen evaluatedbythe Food andDrugAdministration.

Products listed are notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 900 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

D-Mannose. www.naturaldatabase.com {accessed3.26.07} [PMID: 11421356] drugs forbacterialdiseases”. GlycoconjJ2000Jul-Sep, 17(7-9):659-64. Sharon N, OfekI, “Safe asmother’s asfutureanti-adhesion milk:carbohydrates 16151975] beta-cells. ExpClinEndocrinolDiabetes. 2005Sep;113(8):423-9[PMID: D-mannose enhancetheexpressionofIRS-2butnotIRS-1inpancreatic Amacker-Francoys I, etal. The metabolisable hexosesD-glucoseand Vol 6, Issue6 Wright, Jonathan, D-MannoseandInfection, “Nutrition &Healing”, June1999, Review drugs forbacterialdiseases”. GlycoconjJ2000Jul-Sep, 17(7-9):659-64. Sharon N, OfekI, “Safe asmother’s asfutureanti-adhesion milk:carbohydrates in man. JClinEndocrinolMetab. 1970Oct;49(4):616-22 Ganda OP, etal. Metaboliceffectsofglucose, mannose, galactose, andfructose 1989 Dec:80(12)1816-23 bladder.urinary Roleofd-mannoseinurine], NipponHinyokikaGakkaiZasshi . Toyota S, etal. [article inJapanese], [Anti-bacterialdefensemechanismofthe cells. AntimicroAgentsChemother1989;33:92-98 Escherichiacolitoeukartotic juice onadherenceoftype1andPfimbriated Zafriri D, OfekI, Adar R, Pocino M, SharonN. activityofcranberry Inhibitory D-glucose onEscherichiacolibacteriainrats”. UrolRes1983;11(2):97-102 Michaels EK, ChmielJS, PlotkinBJ, Schaeffer AJ, “Effect ofD-mannoseand Additional referencesavailable uponrequest Rev.

DRS-149 09/14/12 ™

VegaPro Detoxification Proprietary Vegan Protein Complex Clinical Applications »» Provides Sugar-Free, Unadulterated Vegetable Protein for Broad Applications*

»» Excellent for Those Sensitive to Sugar, Sweeteners, or Flavorings* Immune System Support »» Excellent for Those Sensitive to Gluten or Milk, Egg, or Soy Proteins* »» Can Be Used As Part of an Elimination Diet Protocol* »» Can Provide Additional Protein to Any Functional Food or Dietary Supplement Protocol* »» May Support Feelings of Hunger Satisfaction* VegaPro™ is a sugar-free, sweetener-free, flavor-free, gluten-free, soy-free, non-GMO source of unadulterated vegetable protein from pea protein isolate and rice protein concentrate, delivering 17 grams of high-quality protein in every scoop. Pea protein isolate provides a protein content of 90%, excellent digestibility (98%), and a well-balanced amino acid profile—including a particularly high content of lysine, arginine, and Sports Nutrition branched-chain amino acids. This proprietary complex of pea and rice proteins achieves an amino acid score of 100%.* Available in 14 servings Discussion Adequate, good-quality protein helps the body sustain proper that of beef, milk, and soy protein digestibility. The 90% protein functioning. For instance, the amino acid supply (from dietary content of the pea protein isolate features a well-balanced amino protein) is used to build functional proteins needed for healthy acid profile (listed on reverse side), including a high content of lysine, immune function and to produce the enzymes and hormones needed arginine, and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and for metabolism, digestion, and other important processes like valine). Amino acid scoring provides a way to predict how efficiently detoxification and bone remodeling.[1-4] XYMOGEN developed VegaPro protein will meet a person’s amino acid needs. Because pea protein Weight Management to offer practitioners and patients a “clean,” unadulterated vegetable alone is incomplete, combining it with rice protein makes VegaPro a protein that enables a high level of protocol personalization.* complete protein with an amino acid score of 100%.*

“Clean” Protein VegaPro is an excellent choice of supplementary Satisfaction: An Added Benefit of Increasing Protein Intake protein for vegans and those who are sensitive to sugar (including Signals that originate from the gut, in response to mechanical (gastric lactose), sweeteners, or flavorings.[5-7] It is also free of gluten. VegaPro distention) and chemical changes that occur after the ingestion provides protein from pea and rice sources, avoiding major food of food, let us know when we’ve had enough to eat. Among the allergens including milk, egg, soy, and wheat. The pea protein isolate macronutrients, proteins have been identified as having the greatest in VegaPro is non-GMO and is naturally obtained by simple water impact in this regard. Actually, the effect of high-protein foods is not extraction, keeping all the nutritional qualities intact.* only observed immediately after their consumption by a stronger feeling of satisfaction but also at a later meal by supporting a lower Flexible Formulation Aside from providing clean, easily digestible food intake.*[8] vegetable protein, the advantage of VegaPro is its flexibility. While other protein supplements provide high levels of various Added Amino Acids L-Glutamine is an energy substrate for most micronutrients, making it difficult to add protein to a patient’s cells—especially intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. It is also nutritional protocol, VegaPro is not enriched with extra micronutrients. an essential component for numerous metabolic functions.[9,10] Glycine, Therefore, practitioners can design personalized protocols for their an inhibitory (calming) neurotransmitter, is an important constituent of patients by directing them to add selected supplements to a VegaPro collagen and a building block for other substances such as coenzyme shake or take encapsulated or tableted micronutrient supplements A, nucleic acids, creatine phosphate, purines, bile, and other amino along with VegaPro. Additionally, VegaPro can easily be added to acids. Taurine is a derivative of sulfur-containing cysteine with many any functional food formula—if added protein is desired—without healthful clinical applications, including the support of stable cell the concern of getting too much of any micronutrient. Because this membranes, cardiovascular health, glucose tolerance, detoxification, formula is free of sugars and flavorings, it can be added to any and bile salt synthesis.*[11] approved beverage; or it can be mixed with pure water for a mild, earthy, pea soup taste.*

Excellent Quality Proteins for dietetic foods must provide good basic nutritional quality, which, in this case, means a high protein level, a well-balanced amino acid profile, and good digestibility. At 98% digestibility, pea protein is considered highly digestible and matches

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Weight Management Sports Nutrition Immune System Support Detoxification © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry preservatives. modified organisms(GMOs), artificialcolors, sweeteners, artificial or fish, shellfish, peanuts, treenuts, egg, ingredientsderivedfromgenetically DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, products, animalordairy practitioner priortouse. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. orchilled,room temperature oruseasdirectedbyyourhealthcare purewater; DIRECTIONS: Blend, shake, orbrisklystironelevelscoop(20g)into8-12oz VegaPro Ingredients: VegaPro depending onyourcalorieneeds. ‡ vitamin A,orC. Not asignificantsource fiber, ofcaloriesfromfat,saturatedtranscholesterol,dietary sugars, Iron Calcium Protein Total Carbohydrate Potassium Sodium Total Fat Calories 70 PerContainer14 Servings Size1Scoop(20g) Serving concentrate, glycine,andL-glutamine). Percent DailyValues arebasedona2,000caloriediet.Your dailyvaluesmaybehigherorlower ™ NutritionFacts

™ (XYMOGEN’s blendofpeaproteinisolate,taurine,rice proprietary *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 300 mg 20 mg 17 g 0 g 0 g ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. % DailyValue 17% 34% 13% 2% 0% 1% 0% ‡ 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 11.

[PMID: 9802174] function. Linksandpossiblemechanisms. SportsMed. 1998Sep;26(3):177-91. Walsh NP, Blannin AK, RobsonPJ, etal. Glutamine, exerciseandimmune Jun;82(2):417-30. [PMID: 20563423] of glutamineactionincriticallyillpatients. An Acad BrasCienc. 2010 Oliveira GP, DiasCM, Pelosi P, etal. Understandingthemechanisms 8862477] day-to-day foodintakeinman. EurJClinNutr. 1996Jul;50(7):418-30. [PMID: Johnstone AM, StubbsRJ, HarbronCG. Effectofoverfeedingmacronutrientson May;119(5):1322-34. doi:10.1172/JCI37385. [PMID: 19381015] decreases insulinsensitivityinoverweight/obesehumans. JClinInvest. 2009 not glucose-sweetened, increasesvisceraladiposityandlipids beverages Stanhope KL, SchwarzJM, KeimNL, etal. Consumingfructose-sweetened, 56. [PMID: 16076983] adiposityinmice. increasesbody beverages ObesRes.2005Jul;13(7):1146- Jürgens H, Haass W, Castañeda TR, etal. Consumingfructose-sweetened Res. 2010May;54Suppl1:S24-30. [PMID: 20077421] proteins: lipidmetabolism. hepatic Impactongenesregulating MolNutrFood Rigamonti E, Parolini C, MarchesiM, etal. pea Hypolipidemiceffectofdietary Suppl):601S-09S. [PMID: 15640513] Evans WJ. Proteinnutrition, exerciseandaging. J .Am CollNutr 2004Dec;23(6 Suppl):627S-30S. [PMID: 15640517] Chernoff R. Proteinandolderadults. J Am CollNutr. 2004Dec;23(6 Research Newsletter). Accessed July22, 2011. mi_m0887/is_10_22/ai_110727292/. PublishedOctober, 2003(inNutrition CBS InteractiveBusinessNetwork Web site. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/ Nutrition.Protein intakeandmetabolisminfrailelderly-Geriatric BNET– The [PMID: 12612169] calcium andbonehomeostasisinhumans. JNutr. 2003Mar;133(3):855S-61S. Kerstetter JE, O'BrienKO, InsognaKL. proteinintake: Low theimpacton exercise. AdvExpMedBiol.2009;643:245-52. [PMID: 19239155] Yatabe Y, S, Miyakawa OhmoriH, etal. on Effectsoftaurineadministration Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-255

02/13/13 Vinpocetine Neurologic & Cognitive Brain Support Formula* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Brain Function* »» Supports Brain Antioxidant Activity* »» Supports Blood Flow to the Brain* »» Supports Oxygenation of Brain Tissue*

Vinpocetine is a powerful antioxidant that protects the brain and enhances its function by increasing blood flow and oxygenation.*

Available in 60 Capsules Discussion Vinpocetine is derived from vincamine, an alkaloid extracted from low antioxidant defenses. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) the periwinkle plant (Vinca minor). It has been used extensively in can produce complex structural and functional changes within the Eastern Europe, and more recently in the United States, to support vessel walls of the cerebral vasculature; such changes carry broad cerebrovascular health and healthy cognitive and mental function implications for cerebral perfusion (flow to brain) and blood-brain during aging. Vinpocetine’s roles in supporting brain function are barrier (BBB) permeability.[11,12] Scavenging these radicals, therefore, multi-modal and include its influence on cerebral circulation, its should be considered an important part of supporting cerebrovascular support of antioxidant activity in the brain, and its role in supporting health. Because vinpocetine readily crosses the BBB and is taken up neuronal health.[1-3] Together, these varied actions support overall brain by brain tissue, its support of antioxidant activity in the brain has been tissue health and function.* investigated. In various experimental models, vinpocetine has been shown to directly support the neutralization of ROS.*[12-14] Brain Function The safety and effectiveness of vinpocetine have been tested and validated by in vitro, animal, and human studies. Vinpocetine influences neuronal sodium, calcium, and to a lesser Many human studies demonstrate support of healthy cognitive and degree, potassium ion channels. Vinpocetine’s inhibition of voltage- mental function—primarily related to improved capillary blood flow sensitive sodium (Na+) channels and reduction of intracellular and cellular metabolism. Supplementation has also been associated calcium (Ca2+) levels is thought to moderate the excitotoxicity with improved quality of life and support of cerebrovascular function of neurotransmitters. This activity may be an important aspect of and healthy blood flow.[4-7] It is important to note that absorption of vinpocetine’s effect on nerve cell integrity.[1,15] In other research, the vinpocetine is thought to be significantly higher when given with cytokine-modulating mechanisms of vinpocetine suggest another food. One study found the relative bioavailability under non-fasting avenue by which it may protect brain tissue and neurons—namely conditions was approximately 60% to 100% higher than under fasting inhibition of TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation and the subsequent conditions.*[8] generation of certain signaling molecules.*[16,17]

Cerebral Blood Flow Neurons are completely reliant on a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose, which is delivered to them by the blood. Vinpocetine may affect phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that typically act on smooth muscle tissues, such as those in arterial walls, and prevent them from relaxing. Supporting normal action of PDEs promotes healthy vascular smooth muscle function and cerebral blood flow.[2,9] Other research suggests that vinpocetine may improve oxygen-release from hemoglobin, help maintain normal blood viscosity, and increase and maintain red blood cell flexibility—making red blood cells better able to squeeze through tiny capillaries.*[3,10]

Antioxidant Effects Neurological tissue is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its high demand for oxygen, high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in neural membrane phospholipids, and

Jun;40(6):640-43. [PMID: 2396997] type.with vasculardementiaoftheBinswanger Arzneimittelforschung. 1990 inpatients concentrations hemoglobin anderythrocyte organicpolyphosphate Tohgi H, SasakiK, ChibaK, etal. Effectofvinpocetineonoxygenrelease [PMID: 11204266] compliancebladder.incontinence andlow World JUrol.2000;18:439-43. ofurge phosphodiesterase-I isoenzymeinhibitorvinpocetineinthetreatment Truss MC, StiefCG, UckertS, etal. Initialclinical experiencewiththeselective 1992;42:914-17. [PMID: 1418055] withfoodintake.interference ofthetimeapplication Arzneimittelforschung. Lohmann A, DinglerE, Sommer W, etal. ofvinpocetineand Bioavailability 2007 Jul;148(29):1353-58. [PMID: 17631470] cerebrovascular diseasesbasedinhumanstudies[inHungarian]. Hetil. Orv E,Bagoly Fehér G, L. Szapáry of The roleofvinpocetineinthetreatment Korsakova. 2009;109(9):35-39. [PMID: 19770831] cerebrovascular insufficiency [inRussian]. ImS ZhNevrolPsikhiatr Chukanova EI. withchronic ofpatients inthecomplextreatment Cavinton 2010;110(12):49-52. [PMID: 21311488] program "CALIPSO"[inRussian]. ImSKorsakova. ZhNevrolPsikhiatr insufficiency.blood flow Russianmulticenter clinical-epidemiological Chukanova EI. withchronic Efficacy ofpatients inthetreatment ofcavinton [PMID: 17713111] and cognitivefunctions[inHungarian].. Sz Ideggyogy 2007Jul;60(7-8):301-10. Valikovics A. oftheeffectvinpocetineoncerebralbloodflow Investigation 12126465] Vinpocetine. Monograph. AlternMedRev. 2002Jun;7(3):240-43. [PMID: Hemorheol Microcirc.2007;36(4):327-34. [PMID: 17502703] of drugs, targetingonintracellularphosphodiesteraseactivity: invitrostudy. Muravyov AV, Yakusevich VV, ChuchkanovFA, etal. Hemorheologicalefficiency [PMID: 12861957] neuroprotection withvinpocetine. 2003May;56(5-6):166-72. Sz. Ideggyogy Hadjiev D. ischemiccerebrovasculardisordersand Asymptomatic U S A.U 2010Jun;107(22):9921-22. [PMID: 20495091] Medina AE.agent. ProcNatl Vinpocetine asapotentantiinflammatory Acad Sci S A.Acad SciU2010 May;107(21):9795-800. [PMID: 20448200] viaanIKK-dependentbutPDE-independentmechanism.inflammation ProcNatl Jeon KI, XuX, Aizawa T, etal. Vinpocetine inhibitsNF-kappaB-dependent Dec;24(12):1585-91. [PMID: 10591410] release triggeredbysodiumchannelactivation. NeurochemRes. 1999 Sitges M, Nekrassov V. Vinpocetine selectivelyinhibitsneurotransmitter culture.Chem Toxicol. Food 2011 Apr;49(4):917-22. [PMID: 21193009] hippocampal inprimary inducedinjury vinpocetine onhypoxia-reoxygenation Solanki P, PrasadD, MuthurajuS, etal. Preventiveeffectofpiracetamand [PMID: 19699735] vinpocetine—a PDE1inhibitor. EurJPharmacol. 2009Oct;620(1-3):49-56. stressby andoxidative streptozotocin inducedcognitivedysfunction Deshmukh R, Sharma V, MehanS, etal. ofintracerebroventricular Amelioration Feb;25(1):37-42. [PMID: 11852295] pentoxifylline, piracetam, andvinpocetine. ClinNeuropharmacol. 2002Jan- B,Horvath MartonZ, HalmosiR, etal. Invitroantioxidantpropertiesof 18929509] cerebrovascular disease. Trends MolMed. 2008Nov;14(11):495-502. [PMID: Chrissobolis S, Faraci FM. stressandNADPHoxidase in The roleofoxidative Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-245

03/12/13 Clin Viragraphis™ Cytokine Balance Support Traditional Herbal Immune Support* Clinical Applications

»» Supports the Body’s Normal Immune Response* »» Supports the Body’s Normal Response to Inflammation* Immune System Support »» Designed as a Fast-Acting, Short-Term Formula*

Viragraphis™ features three herbs that have been used traditionally for immune support and stimulation. Contemporary research on these herbs—andrographis, licorice root, and Isatis indigotica— confirms the wisdom of their historical use. XYMOGEN’s Viragraphis formula may be especially helpful in supporting cytokine balance and respiratory function.*

Available in 60 capsules Discussion Herbs have been used to support health and well-being throughout that andrographolide had immune-stimulant and renal protective history and across cultures and are the cornerstone of a number of effects.[7] Andrographolide is standardized to 50% in Viragraphis.* ancient medical systems, including Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Viragraphis™ comprises three herbs that have been Licorice Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Medicinal use used traditionally and specifically to support the body’s immune of licorice dates back to ancient Greece, China, India, and Egypt. system.* Contemporary research suggests that its active component glycyrrhizic acid (also known as glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhizinic acid) Andrographis Extract (Andrographis paniculata Nees) supports the human immune system in the presence of pathogens.[8,9] Andrographis has been used widely in traditional medical systems as A 2004 study found that glycyrrhizin more effectively inhibited viral a bitter herb that works quickly to support upper respiratory health replication than other compounds studied (ribavirin, 6-azauridine, and immune response.[1] TCM categorizes andrographis as “bitter” pyrazofurin, and mycophenolic acid).[10] Research suggests that and “cold” and utilizes it to support temperature regulation and the mechanisms of action for glycyrrhizin include induction of T-cell body’s normal response to inflammation.[1,2] Andrographis appears to interferon-gamma and interference with the viral membrane.*[9] have immune-stimulant and hepatoprotective qualities as well.[2] A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the Licorice also appears to play a role in maintaining a healthy mucous use of 1200 mg/day (standardized to 4% andrographolides) in 158 membrane (including that of the respiratory tract), stimulating mucus adult patients. Results revealed that individuals receiving the herb production, and supporting the body’s natural balance of inflammatory had a significant improvement in several of the parameters measured cytokines.[11] Long-term intake of high doses of glycyrrhizin may when compared to placebo. A “high degree of effectiveness” was deplete potassium and exacerbate hypertension.[11,12] Although general observed by day two of treatment.*[3] dosing for standardized glycyrrhizin ranges from 40 to 360 mg per day,[8,11] and Viragraphis provides approximately 40 mg of standardized Research on andrographolide, a major constituent of andrographis, glycyrrhizic acid per two-capsule dose, short-term supplementation suggests that this bioactive component supports immune activity in with Viragraphis is recommended.* human cells by increasing proliferation of lymphocytes, production of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cluster of Isatis Root Extract (Isatis indigotica) Isatis herb is commonly used differentiation marker expression.[4,5] A phase I dose-escalating trial in TCM to support the immune system and upper respiratory tract. of andrographolide was conducted in a select group of individuals. A closer look at the mechanism of action for Isatis indigotica root A significant rise in mean CD4(+) lymphocytes was observed in extract in animals revealed that the extract significantly increased individuals receiving 10 mg/kg andrographolide (p = 0.002).[6] It was spleen weight as well as the number of circulating white blood noted in the study that prolonged use of concentrated andrographolide cells, lymphocytes in particular. The same study found that the isatis may lead to dose-related (5-10 mg/kg) adverse effects for some extract stimulated macrophage phagocytic activity and reduced the individuals,[1] a point that should be considered when calculating suppressive effect that hydrocortisone has on the immune system.[13] individual dosing. Acute toxicology studies in rodents noted no A human neutrophil cell study indicates that the isaindigotone observed adverse effects at doses up to 5 g/kg of andrographolide. derivative of I indigotica was able to scavenge superoxide free Researchers did note significant increases in white blood cell radicals and inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene B(4) metabolism, and lymphocyte counts as well as a reduction in urea, suggesting ultimately supporting the body’s normal response to inflammation.*[14]

*These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 158.4 mg 300 mg 375 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 14. 13. 12. 11. 10.

Phytother Res. 2008Feb;22(2):141-8. [PMID: 17886224] Fiore C, EisenM, KrausseR, etal. Antiviral effectsofGlycyrrhiza species. 2013. databases/herbssupplements/licorice.asp?#undefined. StandardDatabase.Natural Licorice. http://www.naturalstandard.com/ doi:10.1007/s00580-012-1539-x. medicine.as analternative ComparativeClinicalPathology. June2012. bioactiveinrodents:of andrographolide Evidenceforthemedicinaluse Bothiraja C, Pawar AP, Shende VS, etal. Acute andsubacutetoxicitystudy Aug;14(5):333-8. [PMID: 10925397] andnormalvolunteers.in HIVpositivepatients PhytotherRes. 2000 Calabrese C, BermanSH, BabishJG, etal. A phaseItrialofandrographolide 2003 May-Jun;3(3):147-58. [PMID: 14641821] from isolated agent paniculata.therapeutic Andrographis JExpTherOncol. S,Rajagopal Kumar RA, DeeviDS, etal. Andrographolide, apotentialcancer 3):291-5. [PMID: 15138014] compounds from paniculata.Andrographis JEthnopharmacol. 2004Jun;92(2- Kumar RA, SrideviK, Kumar NV, etal. Anticancer andimmunostimulatory Oct;6:217-23. [PMID: 10589439] randomized double-blindplacebocontrolledstudy. Phytomedicine. 1999 extractSHA-10inreducingthesymptomsofcommoncold.paniculata A measurements (VAS) toassesstheeffectivenessofstandardized Andrographis Cáceres DD, HanckeJL, BurgosRA, etal. Useofvisualanaloguescale clinical effects. AlternMedRev. 2011Mar;16(1):66-77. [PMID: 21438648] Akbar S. paniculata:Andrographis areviewofpharmacologicalactivitiesand 2013. .databases/herbssupplements/all/andrographis.asp 30,Accessed January StandardDatabase.Natural Andrographis. http://www.naturalstandard.com/ derivatives. JNatProd. 2001Oct;64(10):1297-300. [PMID: 11678654] indigoticaandsomenewsynthetic by thealkaloidisaindigotonefromIsatis Molina P, Tárraga A, Gonzalez-Tejero A, etal. Inhibitionofleukocyte functions Jun;11(6):357-9, 325-6. [PMID: 1889106] indigoticapolysaccharide[inChinese].Isatis ZhongXiYi JieHeZaZhi. 1991 Xu YM, LuPC. effectsofthe Experimentalstudiesonimmunostimulatory Pharmacol. 2006Dec;46(3):167-92. Review. [PMID: 16884839] ofglycyrrhizin. andtoxicology emphasis onthepharmacology RegulToxicol Licorice root(Glycyrrhiza sp.), asafoodingredient, itsextractandpowder with Isbrucker RA, BurdockGA. Riskandsafetyassessment ontheconsumptionof 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. NaturalTherapeuticsPocketGuide. Jun 14;361(9374):2045-6. [PMID: 12814717] liquorice roots, coronavirus. ofSARS-associated andreplication Lancet. 2003 J,Cinatl MorgensternB, BauerG, etal. Glycyrrhizin, anactivecomponentof Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Accessed February 4, Rev. (RV) DRS-119

02/22/13 ™ Xcellent C Antioxidant Activity Advanced Vitamin C Formula Clinical Applications » High-Potency Vitamin C Formula Provides 750 mg Vitamin C per Capsule » Formulated with BioPerine® to Enhance Nutrient Bioavailability*

» Supports Immune and Antioxidant Systems* Cell-Life Regulation » Supports Production of Collagen, Carnitine, and Neurotransmitters* » Buffered with Minerals to Help Prevent Potential Stomach Upset*

Xcellent C™ is a high-potency vitamin C formula with the addition of 7.5 mg of BioPerine® per capsule. BioPerine, a proprietary black pepper extract, is present to promote absorption and bioavailability of vitamin C. Vitamin C provides valuable antioxidant protection and is necessary for the production of collagen, an integral component of blood vessels, tendons, ligaments, and bone. This essential water-soluble vitamin is

required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and carnitine as well. Immune System Support Xcellent C contains buffering minerals to help prevent potential stomach upset.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential to nutrients and compounds, such as glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid, humans and must be obtained exogenously. While most mammals are are able to regenerate vitamin C and extend its antioxidant protection. able to synthesize vitamin C, humans are unable to. This is because Recognizing the importance of vitamin C as a protective antioxidant, humans lack one of the enzymes required to synthesize vitamin C the Institute of Medicine, an independent and non-proﬁ t organization from glucose. Stress, smoking, pollution, radiation and heavy metal that provides advice on health and science to decision makers and the exposure, immune challenge, and temperature change all increase public, recommended increasing vitamin C requirements for smokers the human requirement for vitamin C. Well-known functions of this due to their exposure to toxins and oxidative elements in cigarette versatile vitamin include antioxidant protection from free radicals smoke.[1] Additionally, vitamin C is able to limit the formation of and oxidative processes; synthesis of collagen, carnitine, and carcinogens, such as nitrosamines.*[1] neurotransmitters; and immune stimulation and support.[1-3] Vitamin C functions as a cofactor for several metabolic enzymes and is Vitamin C supplementation has been studied for more than six involved in protein metabolism. It also plays a lesser-known role in the decades with respect to moderating the severity or duration of acute deactivation of histamine.*[4,5] immune challenges.[1,3,10] Beneﬁ ts are most notable in cases of extreme physical stress.[2] Within three meta-analyses, in a subgroup Collagen is a fundamental component of bone, tendons, ligaments, of six studies, vitamin C reduced signs of acute immune challenge by and blood vessels. Vitamin C’s role in collagen formation makes it an average of 50% in marathon runners, skiers, and soldiers that had vital to maintaining skin, capillary, gum, joint, and skeletal health.[1,3,6] been physically stressed or exposed to cold temperatures.*[11] Vitamin C’s role in promoting and maintaining collagen, and consequently skin integrity, was recognized as early as the 1930s in Adequate intake and retention is necessary to maintain vitamin C published surgical journals.*[7] status in the body. Total stores can range from 300 mg (considered too low to maintain health) to 2000 mg. The highest concentrations Synthesis of carnitine depends on vitamin C, highlighting vitamin can be found in leukocytes, eyes, adrenal and pituitary glands, C’s role in energy production. Carnitine is the “car” that shuttles and the brain.[1] Relatively low levels are maintained in plasma, so fatty acids into the mitochondria where they can be converted to the plasma vitamin C measurement may not be useful in the assessment energy-yielding molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Synthesis of of vitamin C status. According to pharmacokinetic studies, an oral certain hormones and neurotransmitters depends on vitamin C as well. dose of 1.25 g vitamin C per day will produce mean peak plasma It is required for the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine—a concentrations of 135 micromol/L (approximately twice the level neurotransmitter that is of great importance in maintaining healthy reached by consuming 200-300 mg/d of ascorbic acid from foods rich mood and brain function.*[3] in vitamin C).[1] The Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University recommends a base dose of 250 mg vitamin C twice a day.[3] For Protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage is believed to optimal health, Dr. Pauling recommends 2.3 g or more per 2500 be pivotal in maintaining health in the body.[8,9] Ascorbate, the reduced kcals.[12] Individual tolerance should be determined, as some ascorbic form of vitamin C (the form found in Xcellent C™), is a generous donor acid is metabolized to oxalic acid and excreted in the urine. Bowel of electrons, allowing it to counteract oxidative free radicals. This tolerance to higher doses of vitamin C may vary from individual to property makes ascorbate an ideal antioxidant that can protect cells individual as well.* and tissues as well as regenerate other antioxidants. In turn, various

» Offers Antioxidant Protection for Cell Membranes and Lipids* » Supports Healthy Cytokine Balance and Natural Response to Inﬂ ammation* Cardiovascular Support » Supports Cardiovascular, Nervous, and Reproductive Systems* » Provides Mixed Tocopherols and Tocotrienols

Xcellent E™ HG-400 represents an advancement in vitamin E supplementation. This full-spectrum formula provides a blend of tocopherols—rather than just isolated alpha-tocopherol—and is the preferred form for long-term, daily supplementation of 200 IU or more. Clinical research suggests that vitamin E offers overall antioxidant support, especially for the cardiovascular system, nerves, eyes, and reproductive organs.* Available in 60 & 120 softgels Discussion Vitamin E in its natural form comprises eight different compounds: receptors SR-A and CD36, and further supports normal white blood alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and alpha-, beta-, cell health and foam cell levels. Supplementation also appears gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols. The most widely studied have to promote healthy cytokine balance through its effects on IL-8, been alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol—the two forms that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), protein exert the most antioxidant activity in the body and are found most kinase C, 5-lipoxygenase, tyrosine-kinase, and cyclooxygenase-2, as abundantly in food. Alpha-tocopherol, in its natural d-alpha form, is well as its support of endothelium cell integrity.[5] Vitamin E is believed the form primarily retained in the body and found circulating in the to play a role in balancing arachidonic acid and prostacyclin, thereby bloodstream. Gamma-tocopherol is the form found most abundantly supporting normal blood vessel dilation and healthy platelet function. in food, although heat and oxidation during cooking and processing [4] Research utilizing a double-blinded parallel design suggests that can destroy it. Circulating levels of gamma-tocopherol are lower than serum gamma-tocopherol levels increased signifi cantly relative to those of alpha-tocopherol. Through its antioxidant activity, vitamin E dose, and all subjects receiving gamma-tocopherol supplementation is believed to support cardiovascular, neurological, and eye health. experienced signifi cant support of LDL cholesterol, platelet However, its initial discovery was based on its role in supporting aggregation, and mean platelet volume.*[1] healthy reproduction—hence the term tocopherol from the Greek “to bring forth offspring.” Ongoing research continues to shed light on Research suggests that levels of gamma-tocopherol actually various other roles that vitamin E and its constituents may play.[1-3]* decreased with isolated alpha-tocopherol supplementation. In addition, the combination of gamma-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol As an important fat-soluble antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol is capable appears to positively support healthy levels of high sensitivity CRP of directly protecting cells and lipid-based molecules from the effects and nitrotyrosine.[7,8] Gamma-tocopherol has also been recognized of free radicals and is incorporated into low-density lipoproteins for its importance in maintaining prostate health. A study of 10,456 (LDLs).[2,4] Supporting antioxidant activity within LDLs helps to males suggests that “statistically signifi cant protective associations maintain cholesterol integrity, normal white blood cell activity, and for high levels of selenium and alpha-tocopherol were observed only the natural response to infl ammation, which, in turn, supports when gamma-tocopherol concentrations were high.”[9] Ironically, cardiovascular health.[4,5] Another important aspect of vitamin E is that research studies often incorporate only synthetic “all-rac-” (dl-alpha- it protects fatty acids from oxidation, especially the polyunsaturated tocopherol) into study designs, including prostate health studies.* fatty acids found in cell membranes. Protection of cell membranes is crucial to the preservation of their function and integrity. Vitamin Further research indicates that tocotrienol components of vitamin E requirements are believed to increase in erythrocytes, neurons, E exert their own distinct effects in the body and support nervous and lung epithelia as the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of their system health and cell-life regulation, as well as cholesterol and cell membranes increases.[6] Xcellent E™ HG-400 provides a blend of AGE (advanced glycosylated end-product) levels already within the tocotrienols and tocopherols, including 200 IU of alpha-tocopherol, to normal range.[10-12] As prior research on isolated alpha-tocopherol help meet the body’s requirement for vitamin E.* and synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol is recognized as incomplete and inconclusive, studies investigating the benefi ts of supplementing with Research in humans and animals suggests that supplementation a balanced form of vitamin E are under way. In addition, because the with alpha-tocopherol addresses superoxide production, nicotinamide liver closely regulates vitamin E status in the body, researchers believe adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and scavenger that potentially adverse effects from supplementation are limited.*[13] Continued on next page

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Cardiovascular Support Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosed inacool, place. dry peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifi cial sweeteners, orpreservatives. DOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, products, dairy fi sh, shellfi sh, practitioner priortouse. Donotuseiftampersealisdamaged. womenshouldconsulttheirhealthcare Children andpregnantorlactating practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onesoftgeldaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare Xcellent E Vitamin E(asd-alphatocopherol) Size:1Softgel Serving d-Gamma Tocopherol Other Tocopherols: (d-delta,d-betatocopherol) Tocotrienols Other Ingredients:Gelatin,vegetableglycerin,soybeanoil,andpurifi edwater. ** DailyValue notestablished. ™ HG-400SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing This product is notintendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. All XYMOGEN 200 mg 200 IU 50 mg 2 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. 667% ** ** ** 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References for effectivesupport.* gamma-tocopherols, aswellmixedtocopherolsandtocotrienols, vitamin Esupplement. This balancedformulaprovidesalpha-and Xcellent EHG-400isdesignedasacompleteandcomplementary Review. [PMID: 17439363] Traber MG. mechanisms.Vitamin Eregulatory AnnuRevNutr. 2007;27:347-62. 2010;20(4):1029-37. [PMID: 20413888] forms andreduced Alzheimer’sDis. diseaseriskinadvancedage. JAlzheimers Mangialasche F, KivipeltoM, MecocciP, etal. HighplasmalevelsofvitaminE controlled study. NutrMetab (Lond). 2011Jun24;8(1):42. [PMID: 21702918] improved lipidprofi inhealthyolderadults: status le andoxidative A randomized Chin SF, IbahimJ, MakpolS, etal. Tocotrienol richfractionsupplementation 2006 Mar27;78(18):2088-98. Review. [PMID: 16458936] Sen CK, KhannaS, S. Roy Tocotrienols: Vitamin Ebeyondtocopherols. LifeSci. CancerInst.Natl 2000Dec20;92(24):2018-23. [PMID: 11121464] tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, selenium, cancer. andsubsequentprostate J Helzlsouer KJ, HuangHY, Alberg AJ, etal. betweenalpha- Association Feb;239(2):111-7. [PMID: 8568478] heartdiseasepatients.serum arereducedincoronary JInternMed. 1996 M,Ohrvall SundlöfG, Vessby B. Gamma, butnotalpha, tocopherollevelsin Med. 2008Mar15;44(6):1203-8. [PMID: 18191645] stress andinfl insubjectswithmetabolicsyndrome.Free ammation RadicBiol withalpha-tocopherolaltersbiomarkersofoxidative alone andincombination Devaraj S, LeonardS, Traber MG, etal. Gamma-tocopherolsupplementation 2nd ed. GigHarbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine. 2004. Bland J, LiskaD, LukaczerD,. etal.Nutrition:Functional Approach Clinical A Rev Nutr. 2005;25:151-74. Review. [PMID: 16011463] Singh U, DevarajS, JialalI. Vitamin E, stress, oxidative andinfl ammation. Annu October 11, 2011. Accessed March9, 2012. Fact Sheet: Vitamin E. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamine/. Reviewed InstitutesofHealth.National Offi Supplements. ce ofDietary Supplement Dietary Handbook. 2nded. Hudson, OH: LexiComp, Inc. 2001. Pelton R, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Drug-InducedNutrientDepletion 2011. Accessed March9, 2012. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/. November17, Updated Higdon, J;LinusPauling Center. InstituteMicronutrientInformation Vitamin E. 2007;16(3):422-8. [PMID: 17704022] onthromboticriskfactors.supplementation AsiaPac JClinNutr. Singh I, Turner AH, Sinclair AJ, etal. Effectsofgamma-tocopherol Rev. 09/14/12 (RV) DRS-212 ™ XenoProtX Antioxidant Activity Comprehensive Support for Detoxifi cation* Clinical Applications

» Provides Micronutrients, Phytonutrients, and Cofactors that Support Detoxiﬁ cation of Xenobiotics and Xenoestrogens* » Supports Healthy Estrogen Metabolism*

» Supports Antioxidant Mechanism and Glutathione Production* Detoxiﬁ cation

XenoProtX™ is a comprehensive formula designed to support phase I and phase II liver detoxiﬁ cation of environmental pollutants, endocrine disruptors, estrogen metabolites, xenoestrogens, and other toxins. XenoProtX also supports antioxidant activity throughout the detoxiﬁ cation process. Micronutrients, phytonutrients, and activated cofactors provide additional support for energy production, cellular protection, and liver function during crucial metabolic biotransformation processes.* Female Health

Available in 120 capsules

Discussion Xenobiotics (chemicals foreign to a living organism) have the potential and the normal breakdown of metabolites, toxins, and other to disrupt metabolism and negatively affect cellular health.[1-3] Classes compounds. NAC supports phase II sulfation reactions as well.[7] of xenobiotics include pesticides, petroleum-based plastic compounds, Calcium D-glucarate has been added to support glucuronidation. industrial chemicals, and xenoestrogens. XenoProtX™ comprises an 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is present as Quatrefolic® (a array of compounds to support detoxifi cation and elimination of these stable, bioavailable form of folate) to support methylation, energy potentially toxic molecules. Man-made xenoestrogens (including BPA, generation, and phase l and phase ll activity.* DDT, and DES), act as endocrine disruptors and can alter hormonal Liver Support function in sensitive tissues including breast, uterus, cervix, and Phytonutrients A variety of phytonutrients support antioxidant activity prostate.[4,5] Xenoestrogens at very low levels are believed to disrupt in the body. Green tea catechins have been found to assist in free- neurotransmitter balance, glucose homeostasis, normal reproduction, radical scavenging, support detoxifi cation through modifi cation of and healthy metabolism.[5] Detoxifi cation of xenobiotics is a complex phase I and phase II enzymes, and support normal cell-life regulation process that requires micronutrients, phytonutrients, energy, and via multiple signaling pathways.[13,14] Biofl avonoids, including adequate antioxidant support for safe and effective completion.*[6] resveratrol, quercetin, and the highly absorbable FlavitPURE™ form of dihydroquercetin (DHQ), support phase I detoxifi cation Antioxidant and Detoxifi cation Support Several nutrients support as well as intermediary antioxidant protection.[1] Pterostilbene, a antioxidant activity, both phases of detoxifi cation, and the health and highly absorbable, methylated form of resveratrol, is thought to work function of the liver (the major site of detoxifi cation). Milk thistle together with quercetin in supporting normal cell-life regulation.[15] extract contains silymarin, a compound found to limit the entry of Turmeric extract provides curcumin, a phytonutrient valued for its Male Health hepatotoxins, donate sulfhydryl groups for detoxifi cation, and increase promotion of antioxidant activity, support of metabolic detoxifi cation, hepatic glutathione by over 35%.[7] Its action in the liver reduces and modulation of cytokine production.[16,17] BioPerine®, a patented fat peroxidation and fi brous tissue formation, supports a normal form of piperine from black pepper, has been added to enhance the immune and infl ammatory response, promotes protein synthesis and absorption of nutrients, particularly curcumin.*[18] tissue regeneration, and supports glucuronidation and glutathione levels.[8] Alpha-lipoic acid is both water- and fat-soluble. It supports Xenoestrogen Metabolism XenoProtX provides diindolymethane glutathione metabolism, helps regenerate antioxidant vitamins C (DIM) and glucoraphanin as SGS™. DIM promotes healthy estrogen and E, and helps maintain the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized CoQ10 metabolism and creates a better balance of estrogen metabolites in mitochondria.[7] The redox couple of lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic (2-OH, 4-OH, 16-alpha-OH) through phase I cytochrome P450 enzyme acid stabilizes NF-kappaB transcription and may help support healthy induction and promotion of 2-hydroxylation.[19,20] The action of DIM immune functions in the body.[9,10] Methylselenocysteine (MSC) is complemented by glucoraphanin, which supports long-term is considered a well-tolerated form of the trace element selenium antioxidant activity and phase II detoxifi cation of less-desirable estrogen and may support normal cell-life regulation.[11] Selenium provides metabolites and xenoestrogens.[21,22] Glucoraphanin and its metabolite antioxidant support via glutathione peroxidase and manganese sulforaphane are found to be effective, long-acting, indirect antioxidants superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity.[12] N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and signifi cant inducers of phase II detoxifi cation enzymes.[23,24] These may signifi cantly increase glutathione in the body, which, in turn, actions may help support healthy estrogen balance and may be crucial is incorporated into crucial antioxidant and detoxifi cation enzymes. for the health of estrogen-sensitive tissue.* Glutathione supports antioxidant activity, phase II detoxifi cation, EXCLUSIVE • PATENTED *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Male Health Liver Support Female Health Detoxifi cation Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN isatrademarkofLarchvitaUSLLC. FlavitPURE 6,054,585. 5,536,506;5,744,161;5,972,382;and protected byUSpatents BioPerine isaregisteredtrademark ofSabinsaCorp. BioPerine is pTeroPure isatrademarkofChromaDex, Inc. sweeteners, orpreservatives. products, fi sh, shellfi sh, peanuts, treenuts, egg, artifi cial colors, artifiDOES NOT CONTAIN: Wheat, gluten, cornprotein, yeast,cial soy, animalordairy STORAGE: Keepclosed inacool, placeoutofreachchildren. dry is damaged. should consulttheirhealthcarepractitionerpriortouse. Donotuseiftamperseal Children, women, pregnantandlactating andindividualsusingbloodthinners practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take daily, twocapsules orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare XenoProtX SupplementFacts Serving Size:2Capsules Serving Black PepperExtract(Pipernigrum)(fruit)(BioPerine Alpha-Lipoic Acid (FlavitPURE (Larix sibirica)(gmelinii)(sawlogs)(90%dihydroquercetin) Siberian andDahurianLarch Tree Extract(Larixdahurica) Folate (as6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolicacid,glucosaminesalt Selenium (asmethylselenocysteine) Other Ingredients:HPMC(capsule),ricefl our, stearicacid,magnesiumstearate,andsilica. ** DailyValue notestablished. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Calcium-D-Glucarate Milk ThistleExtract(Silybummarianum)(seed)(80%silymarin) polyphenols, 60%catechins,30%EGCG,6%caffeine) Green Tea AqueousExtract(Camelliasinensis)(leaf)(80% DIM (diindolylmethane) (seed)(SGS Glucoraphanin (frombroccoliextract)(Brassicaoleraceaitalica) Quercetin (asquercetin dihydrate)(fromDimorphandramollis)(bud) Turmeric Extract(Curcuma longa)(rhizome)(95%curcuminoids) trans-Resveratrol (asPolygonumcuspidatumrootextract) trans-Pterostilbene (pTeroPure ™ ™ ) ) of GnosisS.p.A.Patentspending. † Quatrefolic ® ) ® isaregisteredtrademark ® ) *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. † This product isnot intendedto diagnose, treat, cure, orprevent anydisease. ) mutPrSrig%DailyValue Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE 0 c 50% 200 mcg 15.5 mg 18.5 mg 100 mg 100 mg 250 mg 100 mg 250 mg 5mg21% 15 mcg 5.5 mg 15 mg 75 mg 50 mg 50 mg 5 mg ® Formulas MeetorExceedcGMP QualityStandards. ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** • PATENTED 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 60. Review. [PMID: 21194251]p. 352. glucosinolate.Sulforaphane Monograph. AlternMedRev. 2010Dec;15(4):352- [PMID: 22303412] activity ofvitamins A, C, andE. Front Genet . 2012;3:7. Epub2012Jan24. enzymes bybroccolisulforaphane: perspectivesinmaintaining theantioxidant Boddupalli S, MeinJR, LakkannaS, etal. Inductionofphase2antioxidant 2011 Jul;1229:184-9. Review. [PMID: 21793854] sulforaphane: modifi ofposttranslational implications Sci. N YAcad cations. Ann Keum YS. systembychemopreventive oftheKeap1/Nrf2 Regulation 18052105] carcinogenesis.Res Toxicol Chem . 2008Jan;21(1):93-101. Review. [PMID: Bolton JL, GR.Thatcher Potential mechanisms of estrogenquinine mice. JNutr. 2009Dec;139(12):2373-9. [PMID: 19864400] carcinomacellsinBALB/c inhibits lungmetastasisof4T1murinemammary Kim EJ, ShinM, Park H, etal. of3,3’-diindolylmethane Oraladministration Cancer. 2004;50(2):161-7. [PMID: 15623462] breastcancer. ofearly-stage postmenopausal womenwithahistory Nutr hormonemetabolitesin 3,3’-diindolylmethane supplementsonurinary Dalessandri KM, Firestone GL, Fitch MD, etal. Pilotstudy: effectof 9619120] animals andhumanvolunteers. PlantaMed. 1998May;64(4):353-6. [PMID: Shoba G, etal. Infl uence ofpiperineonthepharmacokineticscurcuminin [PMID: 19018768] and ARNT.degrading AhR dependently induction inresponseto2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinbyROS- Choi H, Chun YS, Shin YJ, etal. cytochrome Curcuminattenuates P450 2009 Jun;14(2):141-53. [PMID: 19594223] Curcuma longa: areviewofpreclinical andclinical research. AlternMedRev. Jurenka JS. Anti-infl propertiesofcurcumin, ammatory amajorconstituentof Jan;7(1):37-47. [PMID: 15736313] activityofB16melanoma.quercetin inhibitsmetastatic Neoplasia. 2005 Ferrer P, Asensi M, SegarraR, etal. between pterostilbene and Association Review. [PMID: 17569617] incancer. implications therapeutic FrontBiosci. 2007Sep1;12:4881-99. Shankar S, S, Ganapathy RK. Srivastava Greenteapolyphenols: and biology 10559550] prevention ofcancer. AlternMedRev. 1999Oct;4(5):360-70. Review. [PMID: MD.Brown Greentea(Camelliasinensis)extractanditspossibleroleinthe Biochem. 2008Jan;102(1):110-8. [PMID: 17804075] liver MnSODexpression: molecularmechanismforhepato-protection. JInorg Shilo S, Pardo M, Aharoni-Simon M, etal. increases Seleniumsupplementation 21473705] with anticancerdrugs. ExpertOpinDrugDeliv. 2011Jun;8(6):749-63. [PMID: synergy barriersinsolidmalignanciesfortherapeutic overcoming drugdelivery A.Bhattacharya Methylselenocysteine: for apromisingantiangiogenicagent 2;69(15):722-4. [PMID: 1724477] human immuno-defi ciency virus(HIV-1) replication. KlinWochenschr. 1991Oct Baur A, Harrer T, Peukert M, etal. Alpha-lipoic acidisaneffectiveinhibitorof Dec 30;189(3):1709-15. [PMID: 1482376] inhuman Bactivation NFkappa T cells. BiochemBiophysResCommun. 1992 Suzuki YJ, Aggarwal BB, Packer L. Alpha-lipoic acidisapotentinhibitorof 504. [PMID: 17213517] toclinicalpharmacology medicine. IndianJMedRes. 2006Nov;124(5):491- Pradhan SC, Girish C. herbal drug, Hepatoprotective silymarin from experimental 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Natural PocketTherapeutics Guide. Jun;3(3):187-98. Review. [PMID: 9630736] Liska DJ. The detoxifi enzymesystems. cation AlternMedRev. 1998 2000 Oct10;97(21):11603-8. [PMID: 11027358] Acad estrogen receptoralphaandbeta.Natl Proc to aplasmamembranereceptorunrelated xenoestrogens bybindingat Nadal A, Ropero AB, LaribiO, etal. Nongenomicactionsofestrogensand disruption. Front Biosci . 2003Jan1;8:s110-8. Review. [PMID: 12456297] Singleton DW, Khan SA. Xenoestrogenexposureandmechanismsofendocrine Harbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine;2010. Alexander BJ, Ames BN, BakerSM, etal. Textbook ofFunctionalMedicine. Gig Oct;101(5):378-84. Review. [PMID: 8080506] disruptingchemicals inwildlifeandhumans. EnvironHealthPerspect. 1993 Colborn T, vomSaalFS, Soto AM. Developmentaleffectsofendocrine- Gaby AR. Nutritional Medicine. Concord, NH: Fritz Perlberg Publishing;2011. Cancer Sci. 2008Dec;99(12):2518-24. Rev. 09/06/12 Sci US A. DRS-266 ™ XymoDine Antioxidant Activity Supra-Dose Iodine Clinical Applications

»» Supports a Healthy Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones* »» Helps Maintain Healthy Breast Tissue* »» Supports Antioxidant Activity* Female Health

XymoDine™ provides a high-potency dose of iodine in the form of potassium iodide along with supportive doses of molybdenum and selenium. Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and is found in virtually every cell in the body. Selenium supports the production of the active thyroid hormone T3 and participates in antioxidant systems. Molybdenum is incorporated into several metabolic enzymes and is instrumental in the breakdown of sulfites, nucleotides, drugs, and toxins.* Thyroid Support

Available in 90 tablets Discussion The health and function of the thyroid gland depend on a number intake of 0.1 ml per day provides 12.5 mg of iodine.[10] It’s a little- of micronutrients as well as sufficient antioxidant protection and known fact that under certain circumstances, high doses of potassium activity. XymoDine™ combines iodine, selenium, and molybdenum in a iodide (up to 130 mg) are used to saturate the thyroid, a protective distinctive formula designed to support thyroid, breast, and endocrine practice employed in the event of a nuclear accident.*[11] system health.* Moderately high doses of supplemental iodine have been used Iodine is an essential trace element, recognized for its traditional to promote breast comfort after both animal and human studies role in thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodine is directly incorporated suggested that such a protocol would have positive effects. A into thyroxine (T4), which contains four atoms of iodine, and the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial biologically active form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), (N = 111) investigated the effect of supraphysiologic doses of iodine on which contains three atoms of iodine. Thyroid hormones regulate breast health in women with normal thyroid function. The 3 and 6 mg/ metabolism and energy production throughout the body and, in turn, day doses resulted in significant improvement in breast comfort.[12] affect core body temperature, growth, reproduction, protein synthesis Iodine and selenium are believed to work synergistically in supporting (including hair and skin), and neuromuscular function.*[1] breast health as well.*[5]

Iodine plays a role in overall endocrine health,[2] intellectual XymoDine provides 12.5 mg of iodine per tablet in the form of development,[3] breast and reproductive system health,[4-7] and the potassium iodide. The trace element selenium is present to support maintenance of a healthy balance of microorganisms in the body.[3] the conversion of the inactive thyroid hormone T4 to the active T3 form Oral and gastric mucosa, salivary and thymus glands, skin, and the as well as the overall regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism.[13,14] choroid plexus of the brain are also believed to rely on iodine for their Selenium also plays a significant role in antioxidant activity because optimal functions.*[3] it is an integral component of several glutathione peroxidases as well as the enzyme thioredoxin reductase.[13] Molybdenum, another Iodine must be obtained in diet or supplement form, and dietary essential trace element, is a cofactor for the metabolic enzymes sulfite intake can vary widely. In some cases, high doses of iodine may be oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase. Sulfite oxidase is consumed directly through the diet; populations consuming large instrumental in converting sulfite to sulfate. Xanthine oxidase converts amounts of seaweed may consume 50-80 mg of iodine daily.[8] nucleotides to uric acid. Both xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase In other cases, the iodine content of food is dependent upon the facilitate the metabolism of drugs and toxins.*[15,16] presence and availability of iodine in the soil in which the food is grown. Furthermore, table salt and cattle feed are fortified with iodine Due to the high-potency dose of iodine in XymoDine, individuals to meet minimum intake requirements.* should consult their healthcare practitioner about possible interactions with medications such as warfarin, lithium, and ACE inhibitors. Supplemental iodine has been found to be safe and well tolerated in the inorganic, non-radioactive iodine/iodide form.[9] Lugol’s 5% solution has been safely and effectively employed since 1829; it contains 50 mg of iodine and 100 mg of potassium iodide (77% iodine) per ml, providing a total of 125 mg of iodine/ml. The suggested

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. XYMOGEN® Exclusive Professional Formulas This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. 800-647-6100 | www.xymogen.com Thyroid Support Female Health Antioxidant Activity © XYMOGEN place. STORAGE: Keeptightlyclosedinacool,dry or preservatives. fish, shellfish,peanuts,treenuts,egg,artificialcolors,sweeteners, DOES NOTCONTAIN: Wheat,gluten,cornprotein,yeast,soy, products, dairy lithium,andACEinhibitors. medications suchaswarfarin, consult theirhealthcarepractitioneraboutpossibleinteractionswith Due tothehigh-potencydoseofiodineinXymoDine,individualsshould reach ofchildren.Avoid ifallergictoanyingredient. CAUTIONS: Consultyourhealthcarepractitionerbeforeuse.Keepoutof practitioner. DIRECTIONS: Take onetabletdaily, orasdirectedbyyourhealthcare XymoDine Serving Size:1TabletServing Iodine (aspotassiumiodide) Molybdenum (asmolybdenumcitrate) Selenium (asseleniumchelate) stearate, andpharmaceuticalglaze. Other Ingredients:Dicalciumphosphate,cellulose,vegetablestearicacid,silica,magnesium ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 12.5 mg 25 mcg 25 mcg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 8333% 33% 36% 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References 16. 15. 14. 13.

cyclic mastalgia. BreastJ. 2004Jul-Aug;10(4):328-36. [PMID: 15239792] Kessler JH. with levelsofiodineonpatients The effectofsupraphysiologic 22,Accessed January 2013. EmergencyPreparedness/BioterrorismandDrugPreparedness/ucm072265.htm. Food andDrug Administration. Potassium Iodide. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ mental andphysicalhealth. TheOriginalInternist. 2002;9:5-20. [copyonfile] Abraham GE, FlechasJD, HakalaJC. Optimumlevelsofiodineforgreatest [copy onfile] inmedicalpractice.supplementation TheOriginalInternist. 2004;11:17-36. Abraham GE. oforthoiodo The safeandeffectiveimplementation iodine/. March2010. Updated 22,Accessed January 2013. Linus Pauling Institute. Iodine. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/ Lancet. 1976 24;1(7965):890-1.Apr [PMID: 58152] Stadel BV. iodine andriskofbreast, Dietary endometrial, andovariancancer. the breast. CanJSurg. 1993Oct;36(5):453-60. [PMID: 8221402] Ghent WR, EskinBA, DA, Low etal. Iodinereplacementinfibrocystic diseaseof Review. [PMID: 10710195] development ofbreastcancer. CancerCausesControl. 2000Feb;11(2):121-7. Cann SA, vanNettenJP, vanNettenC. Hypothesis: iodine, seleniumandthe Bloomfied, MI: Medical Press;2009. Alternatives Brownstein, D. Iodine: WhyYou NeedIt,WhyYou Can’tLiveWithoutIt. West herbssupplements/iodine.asp? 22,Accessed January 2013. StandardDatabase.Natural Iodine. http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/ idx?c=chla;idno=3108365. 23,Accessed January 2013. University Press;1940. http://chla.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text- Salter WT. TheEndocrineFunctionofIodine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard 2nd ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp;2003. Krinsky DL, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. NaturalTherapeuticsPocketGuide. .databases/herbssupplements/molybdenum.asp? 22,Accessed January 2013. StandardDatabase.Natural Molybdenum. http://www.naturalstandard.com/ minerals/molybdenum/. Updated 2007.April 22,Accessed January 2013. Linus Pauling Institute. Molybdenum. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/ databases/herbssupplements/selenium.asp? 22,Accessed January 2013. StandardDatabase.Natural Selenium. http://www.naturalstandard.com/ selenium/. November2007. Updated 22,Accessed January 2013. Linus Pauling Institute. Selenium. Additional referencesavailable uponrequest http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/

Rev.

DRS-270 02/13/13 XymoZyme™ Gastrointestinal Support Acid-Resistant, Vegan-Suitable, Digestive Enzymes* Clinical Applications

»» Supports Healthy Digestion of Macronutrients and Enhances Nutrient Absorption* »» Supports Breakdown of Polysaccharides in Beans and Cruciferous Vegetables* »» Helps Support Pancreatic and Brush Border Enzyme Function* »» Supports Breakdown of Lactose*

XymoZyme™ is a cost-effective, non-prescription, broad-spectrum, digestive enzyme formula suitable for vegans and designed to support the digestion of fat, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and lactose. This comprehensive formula contains lipase, proteases, alpha-galactosidase, hemicellulase, papain, lactase, and other key digestive enzymes. XymoZyme works in a wide pH range—unlike porcine pancreatin, which works in a narrow pH range.*

Available in 60 capsules & 120 capsules Discussion Digestion Food must be broken down into its component parts in Digestion of Plant-Based Compounds XymoZyme contains several order to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Though salivary secretions, principle digestive enzymes as well as a complement of enzymes chewing, gastric acid, and pepsin begin the process of digestion, the designed to break down plant compounds and fibers that humans majority of digestion takes place farther down the gastrointestinal would otherwise be unable to digest. Raffinose and melibiose, tract in the small intestine. Once food leaves the stomach and enters carbohydrates commonly found in legumes, can be broken down the small intestine, digestive enzymes begin the monumental task by the intestinal enzyme alpha-galactosidase. In the absence of this of turning it into the building blocks and fuel that the body needs for enzyme, these carbohydrates pass into the large intestine, where structural support and metabolic processes. Digestive enzymes are microbes can ferment them and produce volatile gases. Exogenous produced primarily in the pancreas and brush border of the small administration of alpha-galactosidase, present in XymoZyme, supports intestine, and the health and function of these organs is vital to the digestion of these plant-based compounds and has been used effective digestion and absorption. Proteolytic enzymes, amylases, and safely and effectively.[6,7] Beta-glucanase, hemicellulase, pectinase, lipases are responsible for the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, xylanase, and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV) are also present and and fats. The complete digestion of these macronutrients produces improve the digestibility of plant-based foods by breaking down small peptides, amino acids, monosaccharides and disaccharides, plant cell walls, fibers, and proteins. Phytase is present to facilitate and free fatty acids that can easily pass through the intestinal the breakdown of indigestible phytates from grains and seeds, microvilli and enter the bloodstream. Healthy digestion assures and release phosphorus, calcium, inositol, and other nutrients for that incompletely digested molecules and proteins don’t enter the absorption. Bromelain and papain offer additional support for protein bloodstream where they may be recognized as “foreign” by a vigilant digestion. The enzyme invertase catalyzes sugar to glucose and immune system.*[1,2] fructose.*

Pancreatic and Intestinal Enzymes Pancreatic production of XymoZyme incorporates amylase, lipase, proteases, hemicellulase, proteases, amylases, and lipases is complemented by intestinal bromelain, papain, lactase, DPPIV, and other key digestive enzymes production of lactase, maltase, sucrase, enterokinase, and various to provide a comprehensive formulation that functions in a wide peptidases, highlighting the importance of the pancreas and the pH range to support and facilitate healthy digestion. It has been intestines in the digestive process. The enzyme lactase is required formulated to allow flexible dosing that can be adjusted for individual to break down lactose into glucose and galactose before the intact needs.* lactose can draw excess water into the bowel, and before colonic bacteria can break it down into volatile gases and acids. Though lactose (a disaccharide found only in mammals’ milk) is readily digested by most infants, normal production decreases as a child is weaned onto whole foods and may eventually cease in adulthood. Exogenous administration of lactase can support lactose digestion effectively and allow for continued consumption of milk-based products.[3,4] Maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal flora helps support brush border function and digestive capacity as well.*[5]

120,000 HUT 70 EndoPG 2,400 HUT 4,000 SKB 50,000 TU 1,200 FIP 4,000 CU 120 GDU 200 HCU 400 HUT 400 GAL 700 ALU 50 BGU 300 XU 30 AG 20 U ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

7964541] oligosaccharide intolerance. JFam Pract. 1994Nov;39(5):441-5. [PMID: dietary oforalalpha-galactosidasetotreat double-blind crossoverstudy Ganiats TG, Norcross WA, Halverson AL, etal. DoesBeanopreventgas? A Jan;52(1):78-83. [PMID: 17151807] symptoms.on intestinalgasproductionandgas-related DigDisSci. 2007 Di StefanoM, MiceliE, GottiS, etal. The effectoforalalpha-galactosidase [PMID: 10720113] resectioninrats.small-bowel ScandJGastroenterol. 2000Feb;35(2):160-5. boulardii onbacterialovergrowth, translocation, after andintestinaladaptation Zaouche A, LoukilC, P, DeLagausie etal. EffectsoforalSaccharomyces 16951027] and adolescents. Pediatrics . 2006Sep;118(3):1279-86. Review. [PMID: Heyman MB;CommitteeonNutrition. Lactoseintoleranceininfants, children, subjects. ClinPharm. 1992Jun;11(6):533-8. [PMID: 1534729] symptoms andexpiredhydrogenafterlactosechallengeinlactose-intolerant Sanders SW, Tolman KG, ReitbergDP. Effectofasingledoselactaseon 2007 Jan;52(1):1-17. Review. [PMID: 17205399] Whitcomb DC, ME. Lowe digestiveenzymes. Humanpancreatic DigDisSci. ed. GigHarbor, WA: The InstituteforFunctionalMedicine. 2004. Bland J, LiskaD,. JonesDS,Functional Approach 2nd etal.Nutrition A Clinical Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. (RV) DRS-220

02/01/13 Zinc Glycinate™ Immune System Support Proprietary Zinc Formula Clinical Applications

»» Supports Enzymatic Reactions and Protein Metabolism* »» Promotes Immune and Reproductive Health*

»» Supports Antioxidant Activity* Antioxidant Activity »» Plays a Role in Sensory Perception*

Zinc Glycinate™ is a fully reacted, proprietary TRAACS® amino acid chelate formulated for enhanced absorption. As an essential mineral, zinc serves catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions in the body. Zinc ultimately supports immune and neurological function, wound healing, growth, taste acuity, nutrient metabolism, and reproductive health.*

Available in 120 capsules Discussion Zinc is an essential trace mineral and serves important roles in be a factor in balancing TH1 and TH2 immune cell activity.[5,6] Skin and the body. More than 300 enzymes depend on zinc for their normal mucous membranes also depend on zinc for their maintenance and activities in cellular metabolism. As a cofactor, zinc participates integrity.*[3,7] in carbohydrate and protein metabolism as well as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) antioxidant activity. Zinc’s role Zinc and vitamin A have a fundamental relationship as zinc is required in supporting immune function includes regulating T lymphocytes, for synthesis of retinol-binding protein—the protein that transports natural killer cells, CD4 cells, and interleukin II.[1] A review of the vitamin A in the blood. Zinc is also essential to the production of an research suggests that “zinc supplementation can significantly reduce enzyme that converts vitamin A to one of its active forms, and this the morbidity and mortality of apparently well-nourished children and helps support vitamin A’s vital role in night vision.[4] Zinc supports shorten the time to recovery from acute [health problems].”*[2] healthy vision in general, especially as we age.[8] Zinc’s role in sensory perception extends not only to vision but also to normal taste and Zinc’s pivotal role in protein metabolism translates into a pivotal role smell acuity.*[1,4,5,9] in wound healing, DNA synthesis, normal inflammatory response, and normal growth and development during childhood, adolescence, Zinc is highly concentrated in the liver, pancreas, kidneys, bone, and pregnancy.[3] Zinc helps maintain the structural integrity of cell muscles, eyes, prostate gland, sperm, skin, hair, and nails.[1] The membranes; it assists them in their normal function and protects mineral is required for sperm maturation and fetal development. them from oxidative damage.[4] Research in human subjects of various The endocrine system relies on adequate zinc status to assist in the ages suggests that zinc supplementation decreases oxidative stress regulation of insulin activity and the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to markers, supports a normal response to inflammation, and appears to the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3).[1] Zinc’s regulatory role extends to gene expression, cell signaling, and nerve impulse transmission, as well as normal apoptosis.*[4]

The body has no specialized system for storing zinc, so daily intake and absorption is essential.[3] Phytates—elements found in plant- based, high-fiber foods—can bind minerals (including zinc) and inhibit their absorption. Therefore, the bioavailability of dietary zinc may be compromised.[8] Other minerals, including iron, calcium, and copper, can interfere with zinc absorption, further affecting zinc nutriture.[4] M Gastrointestinal and urinary zinc losses should be considered as well. Assessment of overall zinc status must take into account not only intake but also absorption and retention. Zinc Glycinate—an Albion® TRAACS amino acid chelate—is a high-potency source of zinc formulated for enhanced absorption. In this form, zinc is coupled with two glycine molecules to facilitate its absorption across the intestinal wall and reduce interference from phytates and competing Zinc Bisglycinate Courtesy of Albion Laboratories, Inc. minerals.*[10]

® ZincGlycinateChelate) ™ SupplementFacts *These statements havenot been evaluatedby the FoodandDrug Administration. This product is not intendedtodiagnose, treat, cure, orprevent any disease. Amount PerServing All XYMOGEN 20 mg ® FormulasMeetorExceed cGMPQualityStandards. %Daily Value 133% 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. References

Accessed July24, 2012. archword=zinc+2004+March&ordering=newest&searchphrase=all&limit=50. Notes. 2004Mar;13(1):1-3. http://www.albionhumannutrition.com/search?se Zinc: A MineralofComplexBiological Activity. Albion HumanNutritionResearch [PMID: 16254578] Europeans: theZENITHstudy. EurJClinNutr. 2005Nov;59Suppl2:S31-6. Stewart-Knox BJ, SimpsonEE, Parr H, etal. andtasteacuityinolder Zincstatus Med Biol. 2012Jun;26(2-3):66-9. [PMID: 22664333] Prasad AS. ofhumanzincdeficiency: Discovery 50yearslater. JTraceElem discussion 847. Review. [PMID: 16029676] andpharmacology.physiology Surg . Dermatol 2005Jul;31(7Pt2):837-47; Schwartz JR, MarshRG, DraelosZD. Zincandskinhealth: of overview 1997 Jun;272(6Pt1):E1002-7. [PMID: 9227444] inexperimentallyinducedzinc-deficienthumans.subpopulations AmJPhysiol. Beck FW, Prasad AS, J, Kaplan etal. Changesincytokine productionand T cell May-Jun;14(5-6):353-7. Review. [PMID: 18385818] Prasad AS. Zincinhumanhealth: effectofzinconimmunecells. MolMed. 2008 zinc/. March14, Updated 2011. Accessed July24, 2012. Linus Pauling Institute. Zinc. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/ September20,Updated 2011. Accessed July24, 2012. Institutes ofHealth. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ZincHealthProfessional/. SupplementFactDietary Sheet: Zinc. Supplements, OfficeofDietary National Sep;25(3):149-60. [PMID: 16156979] Cuevas LE, Koyanagi A. Zincandinfection: areview. AnnTropPaediatr. 2005 Handbook. 2nded. Hudson, OH: LexiComp, Inc. 2001. Pelton R, LaValle JB, EB, Hawkins etal. Drug-InducedNutrientDepletion Additional referencesavailable uponrequest

Rev. 11/06/12 (RV) DRS-213