Designating Klondike Gold Rush International Historical Park
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The Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush 1 On August 16, 1896 Yukon-area Indians Skookum Jim Mason and Tagish Charlie, along with Seattleite George Carmack found gold in Rabbit Creek, near Dawson, in the Yukon region of Canada. Gold was literally found all over the place, and most of these early stakeholders (who became known as the "Klondike Kings") became wealthy. 2 Since the Yukon was so remote, word of this find spread relatively slowly for almost a year. On July 17, 1897, eleven months after the initial discovery of gold, the steamship Portland arrived in Seattle from Dawson with "more than a ton of gold", according to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. With that pronouncement, the Klondike Gold Rush was on! 3 Within six months, approximately 100,000 gold-seekers set off for the Yukon. Only 30,000 completed the trip. Many Klondikers died, or lost enthusiasm and either stopped where they were, or turned back along the way. The trip was long, arduous, and cold. Klondikers had to walk most of the way, using either pack animals or sleds to carry hundreds of pounds of supplies. The Northwest Mounted Police in Canada required that all Klondikers bring a year's worth of supplies with them. Even so, starvation and malnutrition were serious problems along the trail. The story of the Klondiker who boiled his boots to drink the broth was widely reported, and may well have been true. Cold was another serious problem along the trail. Winter temperatures in the mountains of northern British Columbia and the Yukon were normally -20 degrees F., and temperatures of -50 degrees F. -
Eric L. Clements, Ph.D. Department of History, MS2960 Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 (573) 651-2809 [email protected]
Eric L. Clements, Ph.D. Department of History, MS2960 Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 (573) 651-2809 [email protected] Education Ph.D., history, Arizona State University. Fields in modern United States, American West, and modern Europe. Dissertation: “Bust: The Social and Political Consequences of Economic Disaster in Two Arizona Mining Communities.” Dissertation director: Peter Iverson. M.A., history, with museum studies certificate, University of Delaware. B.A., history, Colorado State University. Professional Experience Professor of History, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau Missouri, July 2009 to the present. Associate Professor of History, Southeast Missouri State University, January 2008 through June 2009. Associate Professor of History and Assistant Director of the Southeast Missouri Regional Museum, Southeast Missouri State University, July 2005 to December 2007. Assistant Professor of History and Assistant Director of the university museum, Southeast Missouri State University, August 1999 to June 2005. Education Director, Western Museum of Mining and Industry, Colorado Springs, Colorado, February 1995 through June 1999. College Courses Taught to Date Graduate: American West, Material Culture, Introduction to Public History, Progressive Era Writing Seminar, and Heritage Education. Undergraduate: American West, American Foreign Relations, Colonial-Revolutionary America, Museum Studies Survey, Museum Studies Practicum, and early and modern American history surveys. Continuing Education: “Foundations of Colorado,” a one-credit-hour course for the Teacher Enhancement Program, Colorado School of Mines, 11 and 18 July 1998. Publications Book: After the Boom in Tombstone and Jerome, Arizona: Decline in Western Resource Towns. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2003. (Reissued in paperback, 2014.) Articles and Chapters: “Forgotten Ghosts of the Southern Colorado Coal Fields: A Photo Essay” Mining History Journal 21 (2014): 84-95. -
Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve – Foundation Statement
Yukon - Charley Rivers National Preserve National Park Service Alaska Department of the interior Yukon - Charley Rivers National Preserve FOUNDATION STATEMENT Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve Foundation Statement (draft) 1 Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve Foundation Statement July, 2012 Prepared By: Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office National Park Service, Denver Service Center Table of Contents Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve – Foundation Statement Elements of a Foundation Statement…2 Establishment of Alaska National Parks…3 Summary Purpose Statement…4 Significance Statements…4 Location Regional Maps…5 Preserve Map…6 Purpose Statement…7 Significance Statements / Fundamental Resources and Values / Interpretive Themes 1. Charley River…8 2. Wildlife Populations and Habitat…9 3. Geology and Paleontology…10 4. History and Archeology…11 5. Human Use…12 Special Mandates and Administrative Commitments…13 Participants…14 Appendix A – Legislation Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act – Selected Excerpts…15 Appendix B – Legislative History Proclamation 4612 – Yukon-Charley National Monument, 1978…25 Foundation Statement Page 1 Elements of a Foundation Statement The Foundation Statement is a formal description of Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve’s core mission. It is a foundation to support planning and management of the preserve. The foundation is grounded in the preserve’s legislation and from knowledge acquired since the preserve was originally established. It provides a shared understanding of what is most important about the preserve. This Foundation Statement describes the preserve’s purpose, significance, fundamental resources and values, primary interpretive themes, and special mandates. The legislation that created Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve guides the staff in understanding and documenting why Congress and the president created the preserve. -
Routes to Riches 2015 1 Danielhenryalaska.Com
Routes to Riches 2015 1 danielhenryalaska.com Routes to Riches Daniel Lee Henry [email protected] A ground squirrel robe nearly smothered northern Tlingits’ nascent trust in their newly-landed missionaries. Long-time trading ties with Southern Tutchone and Interior Tlingit funneled wealth to Native residents of the upper Lynn Canal. Luxurious furs from the frigid north brought prices many times that of local pelts. For example, while the coastal red fox fur was worth $1.75 in “San Francisco dollars” in 1883, a Yukon silver fox brought up to $50 (about $1200 in 2015). Several times a year, Tlingit expeditions traversed routes considered secret until local leaders revealed their existence to Russians and Americans in the mid-nineteenth century. A day’s paddle to the upper Chilkat River brought travelers to a trail leading over through barrier coastal mountains into the vast, rolling subarctic Interior. On the eastern route, packers left Dyea at the terminus of Taiya Inlet and slogged a twenty-mile trail to a keyhole pass into lake country that drains into the Yukon River headwaters. The image of prospectors struggling up the “Golden Staircase” to Chilkoot Pass engraved the Klondike gold rush of ‘98 onto the license plates of cultural memory. For centuries, Chilkats and Chilkoots sustained a trading cartel connected by their respective routes. From tide’s edge to the banks of the Yukon River four hundred miles north, Tlingits insisted on customer allegiance. They discouraged Interior trading partners from commerce with anyone but themselves and expressly prohibited economic activity without invitation. The 1852 siege of Fort Selkirk and subsequent expulsion of Hudson’s Bay Company demonstrated the market realities of the Chilkat/Chilkoot cartel. -
Human Ecological Dimensions of Change in the Yukon River Basin: a Case Study of the Koyukon Athabascan Village of Ruby, Ak
HUMAN ECOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF CHANGE IN THE YUKON RIVER BASIN: A CASE STUDY OF THE KOYUKON ATHABASCAN VILLAGE OF RUBY, AK A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Nicole Joy Wilson May 2012 © 2012 Nicole Joy Wilson ABSTRACT Although the three papers that comprise this thesis analyze distinct problems they are all rooted in the study of human ecology. To that end they are based on the same data set and share the same goals. Participatory research methods involving semi-structured interviews with twenty community experts, seasonal rounds and human ecological mapping are employed to analyze the subsistence livelihoods of the Koykon Athapaskan people of Ruby Village as a manifestation of human ecological relations. Chapter 1 examines the contribution of indigenous knowledge to understandings of hydrologic change in the Yukon River and its tributaries including observations of alterations in sediment and river ice regimes. Chapter 2 considers the ethical dimensions of adaptation and vulnerability to climate change in indigenous communities who are situated within a political context influenced by a history of colonization. Chapter 3 seeks to develop a concept of water sovereignty that addresses the complex socio-cultural and ecological relations between indigenous peoples and water. The integrated perspective provided by this thesis illustrates the connections between indigenous knowledge, subsistence livelihoods, socio-cultural and ecological relations to water and the assertion of sovereignty in the face of global change. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Nicole Wilson grew-up in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Calgary, AB. -
Ruminations of a Traveling Historian by David L
WashingtonHistory.org HISTORY COMMENTARY Seneca Falls to Celilo Falls: Ruminations of a Traveling Historian By David L. Nicandri COLUMBIA The Magazine of Northwest History, Winter 1999-2000: Vol. 13, No. 4 Four years ago at a national history conference, I attenDeD a session on women’s history anD learneD that a last-minute aDDition to the program was a -national park ranger from Women’s Rights National Historic Park in Seneca Falls, New York. This caught my fancy because Seneca Falls is my hometown. At the conclusion of the session I went to the head of the room to pick up some hanDouts anD founD a park guiDe. It is constructeD in the template common to all National Park guiDes: the multiple folD, black banDed headline, with white typeface; anD on the insiDe were historic photos, interpretive text anD the ubiquitous map. When my son was younger we starteD a family traDition of visiting as many of the national parks in the West as our summer vacation scheDule alloweD, anD so I haD manageD to collect quite a number of these brochures. But I was not ready for the psychological effect that opening this one had on me, for the map inside is of the neighborhood I grew up in! The neighborhood school was Elizabeth CaDy Stanton Elementary (for some reason foreshortened to Cady Stanton in our youthful argot); my buDDies anD I useD to play baseball in the vacant lot one house removeD from the Stanton house on Washington Street. I liveD arounD the corner on Bayard Street; anD near the intersection of the two streets, across from the neighborhood grocery store, was the Amelia Bloomer house. -
Steve Mccutcheon Collection, B1990.014
REFERENCE CODE: AkAMH REPOSITORY NAME: Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center Bob and Evangeline Atwood Alaska Resource Center 625 C Street Anchorage, AK 99501 Phone: 907-929-9235 Fax: 907-929-9233 Email: [email protected] Guide prepared by: Sara Piasecki, Archivist TITLE: Steve McCutcheon Collection COLLECTION NUMBER: B1990.014 OVERVIEW OF THE COLLECTION Dates: circa 1890-1990 Extent: approximately 180 linear feet Language and Scripts: The collection is in English. Name of creator(s): Steve McCutcheon, P.S. Hunt, Sydney Laurence, Lomen Brothers, Don C. Knudsen, Dolores Roguszka, Phyllis Mithassel, Alyeska Pipeline Services Co., Frank Flavin, Jim Cacia, Randy Smith, Don Horter Administrative/Biographical History: Stephen Douglas McCutcheon was born in the small town of Cordova, AK, in 1911, just three years after the first city lots were sold at auction. In 1915, the family relocated to Anchorage, which was then just a tent city thrown up to house workers on the Alaska Railroad. McCutcheon began taking photographs as a young boy, but it wasn’t until he found himself in the small town of Curry, AK, working as a night roundhouse foreman for the railroad that he set out to teach himself the art and science of photography. As a Deputy U.S. Marshall in Valdez in 1940-1941, McCutcheon honed his skills as an evidential photographer; as assistant commissioner in the state’s new Dept. of Labor, McCutcheon documented the cannery industry in Unalaska. From 1942 to 1944, he worked as district manager for the federal Office of Price Administration in Fairbanks, taking photographs of trading stations, communities and residents of northern Alaska; he sent an album of these photos to Washington, D.C., “to show them,” he said, “that things that applied in the South 48 didn’t necessarily apply to Alaska.” 1 1 Emanuel, Richard P. -
The American Side of the Line: Eagle City's Origins As an Alaska Gold Rush Town As
THE AMERICAN SIDE OF THE LINE Eagle City’s Origins as an Alaskan Gold Rush Town As Seen in Newspapers and Letters, 1897-1899 National Park Service Edited and Notes by Chris Allan THE AMERICAN SIDE OF THE LINE Eagle City’s Origins as an Alaskan Gold Rush Town National Park Service Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve 2019 Acknowledgments I want to thank the staff of the Alaska State Library’s Historical Collections, the University of Alaska Fairbanks’s Alaska and Polar Regions Collections & Archives, the University of Washington’s Special Collections, and the Eagle Historical Society for caring for and making available the photographs in this volume. For additional copies contact: Chris Allan National Park Service 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks, Alaska 99709 Printed in Fairbanks, Alaska February 2019 Front Cover: Buildings in Eagle’s historic district, 2007. The cabin (left) dates from the late 1890s and features squared-off logs and a corrugated metal roof. The red building with clapboard siding was originally part of Ft. Egbert and was moved to its present location after the fort was decommissioned in 1911. Both buildings are owned by Dr. Arthur S. Hansen of Fairbanks. Photograph by Chris Allan, used with permission. Title Page Inset: Map of Alaska and Canada from 1897 with annotations in red from 1898 showing gold-rich areas. Note that Dawson City is shown on the wrong side of the international boundary and Eagle City does not appear because it does not yet exist. Courtesy of Library of Congress (G4371.H2 1897). Back Cover: Miners at Eagle City gather to watch a steamboat being unloaded, 1899. -
A Listing of Pacific Coast Spawning Streams and Hatcheries
A LISTING OF PACIFIC COAST SPAWNING STREAMS AND HATCHERIES PRODUCING CHINOOK AND COHO SALMON with Estimates on Numbers of Spawners and Data on Hatchery Releases 1/ Roy J. Wahle and Roger E. Pearson2/ 1/Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission 2000 S.W. First Avenue Metro Center, Suite 170 Portland, OR 97201-5346 Present address: 8721 N.E. Blackburn Road Yamhill, OR 97148 2/(Co-author deceased) Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle, WA 98112 September 1987 This document is available to the public through: National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 iii ABSTRACT Information on chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and coho, O. kisutch, salmon spawning streams and hatcheries along the west coast of North America was compiled following extensive consultations with fishery managers and biologists and thorough review of published and unpublished information. Included are a listing of all spawning streams known as of 1984-85, estimates of the annual number of spawners observed in the streams, and data on the annual production of juvenile chinook and coho salmon at all hatcheries. Streams with natural spawning populations of chinook salmon range from Mapsorak Creek, 18 miles south of Cape Thompson, Alaska, southward to the San Joaquin River of California's Central Valley. The total number of spawners is estimated at 1,258,135. Streams with coho salmon range from the Kukpuk River, 12 miles northeast of the village of Point Hope, Alaska, southward to the San Lorenzo River in the Monterey Ray region of California. -
Mary “Stagecoach” Fields
featured In True Grit, Charles Portis gifts us True Grit was published in 1968 at that her story is worth retelling. She with a most unconventional narrator the beginning of the second wave is a character who has withstood the in Mattie Ross, a fourteen—year—old feminist movement in the United test of time and still inspires readers spitfire with a clear sense of purpose States. At the time there was a hunger of all ages to accept the hand they’re and no tolerance for frivolity or for representations of independent dealt and get on with it. In the words of idleness. For Anglo-American women, girls and women, including an interest Mattie Ross, “I have never been one to frontier life in the late 1800s was a in females throughout history. flinch or crawfish when faced with an solitary and challenging existence, For Mattie’s story, Portis chose a unpleasant task.” favoring only those with the boldest retrospective structure laced with of constitutions. Mattie’s personality is humor, making it an unthreatening one Amy Retartha, shaped by a desolate and unforgiving in a moment when American culture Community Engagement Program Assistant landscape that ends up giving her the was in upheaval. The 1970s also saw strength and perseverance needed to a republishing of Laura Ingalls Wilder's Based on a conversation with April Lidinsky, Ph.D. and Associate Professor of Women's avenge her father’s murder. Mattie is Little House on the Prairie series and the and Gender Studies Program at IUSB, who independent and guileless, naive and Caddie Woodlawn books with strong will be offering a discussion entitled “Strong sharp-witted. -
Gold Fever! Seattle Outfits the Klondike Gold Rush
National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Gold Fever! Seattle Outfits the Klondike Gold Rush Gold Fever! Seattle Outfits the Klondike Gold Rush (Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries, Curtis Photo, Neg. 26368) Seattle's Pioneer Square bustled with excitement as news of a major gold strike in Canada's Yukon River valley reached the port city during the summer of 1897. Soon eager prospectors from all over the country descended on Seattle to purchase supplies and secure transportation to the far-away gold fields. Newcomers were beset with information from every corner. Hawkers offered one sales pitch after another, explaining where to find lodging, meals, gambling, and other entertainment. Outfitters tried to entice prospectors into their stores to purchase the supplies necessary for the stampede north. Anticipating large crowds, these outfitters piled merchandise everywhere, including the sidewalks in front of their stores. One clever merchant opened a mining school where greenhorns could learn the techniques of panning, sluicing, and rocking before setting out for the gold fields. Some anxious stampeders headed directly for the piers where ships were ready to sail north, joining the great migration to the Klondike gold fields. The intense bustle and commotion of the Klondike Gold Rush dramatically changed the face of Seattle. National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Gold Fever! Seattle Outfits the Klondike Gold Rush Document Contents National Curriculum Standards About This Lesson Getting Started: Inquiry Question Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Maps 1. Map 1: Routes from Seattle to Klondike 2. -
The Yukon River and Bering Sea
Title The Land-Sea Interactions Related to Ecosystems : The Yukon River and Bering Sea Author(s) Chikita, Kaz A.; Okada, Kazuki; Kim, Yongwon; Wada, Tomoyuki; Kudo, Isao Edited by Hisatake Okada, Shunsuke F. Mawatari, Noriyuki Suzuki, Pitambar Gautam. ISBN: 978-4-9903990-0-9, 207- Citation 213 Issue Date 2008 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/38467 Type proceedings Note International Symposium, "The Origin and Evolution of Natural Diversity". 1‒5 October 2007. Sapporo, Japan. File Information p207-213-origin08.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP The Land-Sea Interactions Related to Ecosystems: The Yukon River and Bering Sea Kaz A. Chikita1,*, Kazuki Okada2, Yongwon Kim3, Tomoyuki Wada2 and Isao Kudo4 1Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan 2Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan 3International Arctic Research Center, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7340, U.S.A. 4Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan ABSTRACT For salmon’s going up, the Yukon River in Alaska is known to be the longest river in the world. In order to explore the effects of mass and heat fluxes of the river on the ecosystem in the Bering Sea, discharge, turbidity and water temperature were monitored in the middle and downstream reaches in 2006 to 2007. Results obtained reveal that both the river water temperature and sus- pended sediment concentration varied hysteretically in response to glacier-melt discharge or rain- fall runoffs. Runoff analysis for the time series of discharge indicates that the Yukon river discharge is occupied by the 16.9% glacier-melt discharge.