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Fh1illid. (Ffilj ~ Ilid1l/ M Murl!\ Mm L!Iill) .. United Nations Decade on Biodiversity fH1illID. (ffilj ~ ilID1l/ mmurL!\ Mm l!Iill): I I -........l~.u.u..Ll J ~u.&.a.I flR}1 I g[IJ~ntl11 · I~--.. cst rqQlI)I . l!'1~ld ~5rJI Gtl51 n'l~ I '1et1 ~1~~lJ Wetland Ecosystem Series, 15 Faunal Diversity of Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat An Avian Community Perspective SANJEEV KUMAR Desert Regional Centre. Zoological Survey of India. Jodhpur - 342005 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India. Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Sanjeev Kumar, 2013. Faunal Diversity of Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat - An Avian Community Perspective. Wet/and Ecosystem Series, 15 : 1-193, (Published by the Director, Zool.. Surv. India, Ko/kata) Published : June, 2013 . ISBN 978-81-8171-322-3 © Govt. of India, 2013 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No Part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed off without the publisher's consent, in a form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian t 1110/­ Foreign $ 60 £ 40 Published at the Publication Division, by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053 and printed at Hooghly Printing Co. Ltd., Kolkata - 700071 after typesetting at Typographia, Kolkata 700 012. WETLAND ECOSYSTEM SERIES FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF KHIJADIYA LAKE AND BIRD SANCTUARY, GUJARAT AN AVAIN COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE No. 15 2013 Page 1-193 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 STlJDY AREA .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 KlIIJADIYALAKE & BIRD SANCTUARy .................................................................. 7 22 IDSlORY ........................................................................................................................ 8 23 CLIMA1'E ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 (JE()l()(]Y" ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 soa ............................................................................................................................. 12 2.6 CATCHMENT & DRAINAGE ..................................................................................... 12 2.7 PHYSICO-CHEMICALPARAMETERS ...................................................................... 13 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................................... 13 4. MATERIAL & METHODS .................................................................................................... 14 5. FLORA ................................................................................................................................... 15 6. FAUNA ................................................................................................................................... 16 6.1 INVERTEBRATE FAUNA ............................................................................................ 17 62 VERTEBRATEFAUNA ............................................................................................... 18 6.2.1 PISCES: FISHES.. ............ .............. ................................... .............. ............................. 18 6.22 AMPHffiIA: FROGS AND TOADS ............................................................................ 19 6.2.3 REPTaIA: TURTLES, LIZARDS & SNAKES ........................................................... 19 6.2.4 AVES : BIRDS .............................................................................................................. 19 6.2.5 MAMMALIA: MAMMALS .................................................................................... 164 7. THREATS & CONSERVATION ........................................................................................... 165 8. S~Y .......................................................................................................................... 168 9. ACKN"OWLEOOE~ ................................................................................................... 170 10. REF'ER.EN'CES .... .... ..... ..... ...... ....... ..... ..... ............... ....... ......... .......... ............ ..... ...... ......... ..... 171 11. APPENDICES 11.1 APPENDIX 1: LISTOFIMPORATNTWETLANDS UNDER NATIONAL WETLAND CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (NWCMP) ........................................................................................ 175 11.2 APPENDIX 2 : LIST OF IMPORTANT WETLANDS UNDER NATIONAL LAKE CONSERVATION PROGRAMME (NLCP) ................................ 176 11.3 APPENDIX 3 : LIST OF IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS (IBAs) OF GUJARAT ............................................................................................................ 171 11.4 APPENDIX 4 : FLORAOFKIDJADIYABIRD SANCTUARY, GUJARM .................................................................................................................. 178 11.5 APPENDIX 5 : LIST OF FISHES OF KHIJADIYABIRD SANCTUARY, GUJARAT .......................................................................................... 190 11.6 APPENDIX 6: LIST OF AMPHIBIA OF KHIJADIYABIRD SANCTUARY, GUJARAT .......................................................................................... 190 11.7 APPENDIX 7 : LIST OF REPTILES OF KIDJADIYABIRD SANCTUARY, GUJARAT .......................................................................................... 191 11.8 APPENDIX 8: LIST OF MAMMALS OF KHIJADIYABIRD SANCTUARY, GUJARAT .......................................................................................... 192 12. COLOUR PLATES 1-18 AND MAP 1 & 2 1. INTRODUCTION On the southern coast of Gulf of Kachchh in the Saurasthra region ofGujarat lies a small wetland ecosystem with multitude of ecotones so intricately merged that it creates a unique wetland ecosystem complex known as Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat. Unlike many other wetland environment where bird sanctuaries have been created, Khijadiya is no exception but houses combinations of seasonal freshwater shallow lakes, intertidal mudflats, creeks, salt-pans, saline land, mangrove scrub and above all sparsely occupied human habitation around it. The Khijadiya Lake and the Bird Sanctuary forms a part of wetland ecosystem ofGujarat state which has 36% of the total wetland area of the country. The state of Gujarat has few unique wetlands in its four different regions (Table 1). The area of Kachchh is geographically the largest region with highest percentage of total wetlands followed by Saurashtra with only 9.56 % of the wetland areas. Out of the 831 wetlands in the state, 438 are coastal and 393 are inland wetlands (including 231 small and big reservoirs). Table 1 : Wetlands in different regions of Gujarat Region No. of Wetland Area (km2)* 0/0 Area Wetland North Gujarat 159 1,107 4.08 Kachchh 258 21,772 80.12 Saurashtra 352 2,598 9.56 South Gujarat 62 1,698 6.24 Total 831 27,175 100 (Modifiedfrom Pandey and Teli. 2005) ·Wetlands smaller than 56 ha are not included in the table Gujarat has 2,092 km2 area under inland wetlands and that of the coastal wetlands has been 25,083 km2 (Pandey and Teli, 2005). Thus, the inland and coastal wetlands cover 7.7% and 92.3% of the total wetland area respectively (Table 2). This indicates that the large area is under wetland in the state and encompasses almost all kinds of habitat in its region with largest coastline of the country falling in the category of coastal wetlands. Area up to six meter deep of the coast and the mangrove zone are the most important habitat of the wetland in the Gujarat state. 2 Wetland Ecosystem Series. 15 Table 2 : Inland and Coastal Wetlands in Gujarat Inland Wetlands Area (km2) Coastal Wetlands Area (km2) Natural lake 154 Mangroves 1,031 Water logged 289 Coral reefs 130 Reservoirs 1,394 Mudflat 21,954 Tanks/ponds 198 Salt pans 460 Marshland 57 Other 1,508 Total 2,092 Total 25,083 Saurashtra has mostly coastal wetlands, whereas north Gujarat has all categories of wetlands except marsh/swamp vegetation. The north Gujarat's proximity to the Gulf of Kachchh and its desertic conditions has helped in the formation of mudflats. A large area is under mudflats. South Gujarat is bestowed with rivers Tapi, Narmada and the Mahi. Wetlands are mostly reservoirs and mudflats. There are 21 important wetlands in Gujarat as per Directory of Indian wetlands, Khijadiya Lake and Bird Sanctuary is one ofthem (Hussain and Roy, 1993). The name of the wetlands, their area and the important biodiversity is given in Table 3. Table 3 : List of Important Wetlands in Gujarat and their significance Wetland Area (ha) Important Biodiversity Ajwa Lake (200-300) • Wintering Waterfowls (Duck - Fulica atra) • Marsh Crocodile • Rich aquatic vegetation: Ammania bacci/era, Chara. Potamogerton, Nymphaea etc Wetlands
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